Document RaKDmqrbyXgMEqK0Rv7mMj2wz

CONFIDENTIAL (S'- r ; TJTYVSTIGATIOm COIJUSHUTJIG THE capacity ok IlfflALEO jUY.LO TO irJIJRS THE LUKG to Onons*Illi&ois Class Company Toledo, Ohio oy The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Laie, lien Yerh Jrjj'.'CiV 30, 1952 fiubnittcd by* Arthur J. Vo**;r.lt\, ^.r^rcor, 71r J.'eran^s Laboratory end The Tnv?::w. i'cuudation la cooperation with: Thor*.? M, Puritan, ?`.r. Philip C, Pratt, T.M\ fidvaird C,J. Urban. Anthony B, Poli'hcr.i Honaid A, Bailey ; {<0|)crr, Cranu-Iliinois 1-33-32 cn::cs:i;iii:o tju: capaciv/ or iiniAUD ruv;lo Lust to lirjuT;:; ths lu::c * i* 7-rmcsucTio;i la 1943 tho Owens-Illinois data Company had developed to the pilot plant otago a no* industrial product, toon* qs Kaylo, rhich could be uaec us a thermal insulating material and for other applications, According to information supplied by tho caapany, this product r.as prose* cd by bootleg under erteam pronouro a suspension of calciua hydroxide, silica, end asbestoc to form a hyarabod calcium silicate, Studios at Tho Saranac Laboratory Sherrod that although tha principal cesponont of Ecylo ras tho hydrated calciua ailiento, acme unchanged rarr materials, including asbestos and froo silica is t$w fora of quarts or diatsssecous earth, nero also preaont is the finql product, Seforo Sayle xras ucod cssctorcially on a largo seals, it tes important. to dster&iso xhothcr or not uy dust liberated from this product during manufacture, handling or fabrication vould bo likely to constitute a respiratory hasard to ezpoaod individuals, Therefore, a oomprohcnslTo investigation tt&s undertaken in r.hich tho effect of lnlialed Kaylo dust on onlsids eras studied. The investigation nag otnrtcd in February 1945 and ns ccrriod en for more than five years, it explore i tho nature of the pulmonary tiaav.a rcoctica to inhaled Kaylo dust in normal nnicals and Jji animals harboring a tuborculouo infaction. In this final report of tho otudy tho principal findingo givon in previous interim reports .trill bo roviored briefly and the conclusions derived from tho entire exncrircotr*.,nl program rill bo otated. 1 ns ( rii^i Rsport 03xcoIllinoic l-30~52 n. uvr,rv:G :mz)\y& usr.p Ths sxtrrici used for generating atmospheric dust in the experimental duct room ran finsly-diTidod Khylo obtained from the duct colloetors <:f the Dorlin, Kerr .Jersey pleat, in rhinli Eoylo lo manufactured, The matoriul woo rocoivsd in soparete shipments, ns follows: Lot jrl - Received in January 1945* v2 ** " " Tcbtiiary 1947* iz " " Jonur.ry 1949. A, Compositions The results of chonictl sad petrographic analysis of a representative sample of the material as received at The Saranac Laboratory, are given in tabIs 1* It will be noted that the only asbeotos mineral rovoaled by the potrogrophie examination of this sample is ehrysetile* Sineo Kcylo ic a esuaoreial product, it io peosiblo that minor alterations in composition may accvr from time to tint la aecerdaaco T/ith changes in the rar materials used. For example, the quarts value for let l of Ir.ylo was loos than 1 ner cent but the quarts content of lota *}2 and i'Z res betreo 2 t: 5 per ecat* Is the final shipment of Rsylo, rnonived in Je.nur.ry 1549 and first used in this experiment in Sapfcosber 1949, the osbiistoc component contained ths mineral eiaoslto ea roll ce chrynotiln* The fibers cf msosito, in comparison with those of ehrysotilo, are loco flexible end havo a higher iron ocutont, 'Jonever, cinco ojrecrtiaants nith animnio have shown that both emosito and chrysotilo ore capable of causing asbcctesis it is unlihaly that the substitution of the one stinerr.1 for tho other in Raylo would enuuw a 8i.jnificr.nt change in the toric properties of the find pruduot, . -2- i`` tl Htneri Oncas-Uilaois 1*30*52 D, r-l;;:y terfranticn studirn: The e.-roy diffraction pattens. of sampi-is of to) difforenw shi pmtribe of Xaylo tun chown in fig* 1, Tho prominent linos presrnt cro probably thoco of a hydrous calcium silicate, which is tho principal component of Kaylo* Con* paricon of patterns e and b dioclesos that tho quarts lino is strocgor in b tlien 1a a, indicating that tbs Kaylo received in January 1549 hao a higher quarts content than has tho onrlior product, roccirsd in January 1945* faint lines representing cclcito and ehrysotilo are visible in both pattoras, Diffraotioa linos produced by cr.osite are also preasnt in pattern b* C. Gl2c>rroqr.oncy studies) the sissdrtributicn of Kaylo dust is shorn by the graph in fig# Tho lisee of the graph represent tho permit saterlnl in tho duet machine and two easslos of atsoo phorie duct collcoted in tho dust room cn different days, A magnifiesuion of 1200X traa used in nailing the siac*froqucncy counts* It will be not sci that about 63 per cent of tho particles in the parent oatsrlal visible it that cagnificaticn aro nailer titan 3 rir.ror.s in else; tho corresponding values for tho ssrpicg of etncsyhsric duet aro $0 and 95 per seat, TMs difference in the two samples of staospherio duct, which were derived fron . the asro parent aatarial, may hate been due to the dr.y^fcc-dny variation in Lw'idity inuido tho dust roou. in. revise or "srnous niroair. During the courso of the investigation with Kay to duct five interim reports wore issuod, Tho firnt report, dc.tod Vay 13, 1943, revealed that in guinea pip a * 3 ** 4 (.. YI:*uerb C:.c.cc-Iliicoi.8 l-C.9-53 ojTpecou for 14 sonths to Kaylo duct tha tissuo reaction consisted only of taicroscopie fecal collections of rhinb cells. Th? associated tubsreul juq infeotion hod not boon oltored enough to bo of significance. In the socond report, itsuod en Ootobcr 90, 1947, it eras notod that there uaa no evidonoo suggesting that Koylo dust when inhaled into tho lungs produces pulmonary fibrosis in rets a.*rposod for 28 aonths or in guinea pigs oxpcaad for. 99 aonths* Those'findings aecaed to chew Koylo duet to bo a biologically inert tutorial. In the enperiesnt dueling uith the effect of tho duct on a tuborculoue infection the results voro inconclusive), indicating thot tho ozuerinont should be repeated. The third report, dated October 99, 1949, presented the final observe ticna on ths effect of inhaled Ivaylo dust on aorael uninfected guinea pigs* Contrary eo previous tentative taproeciona, based upon an espoouro of 39 aonths, uhich suggested Kaylo dust to be inert, the study of anir&ls exposed for 06 aonths disclosed that the catcrial is not inert but is capable, on prolonged inhalation, of producing asbestosis in guinea pigs, Socrever, neither silicosis nsr tho diffuse fibroRis ~hicb is caused by inhaled diatsssoccuu earth developed la the orposod anirsls, Tlio fourth report, dated April 29, 1549. rcrictrad ihn results of tho first 0 aonths of a cc-tr expcrlsent in "hich the effect of ishr.lad Kayla dust on a tuberculous infection in guinea pigs "as studied* *!o dufiaitely udvoree effect of tho dust on the infection during this B-acncbc period T7ac noted; Tho fifth report, datod Jcntiary 1, 19SD, buppleaentod tho inf'orw.tica (jiTOn in the fourth report by oxtoading the observations to infocted i>nianls 4 ** licport Onoua-Illinoiu 1-3G-52 ;hr.t h*?i b**-vj criporcd to Fay lo .1wet :*cr poricdu up to II nonthe. The `Indinp; it that bias suggested that Saylo er.at had a slightly adrors:: influence cn the eourca of & tvhcrculeua infection 4a guinsa pig5 but thic tho effect vres by no aanaa eo prenoaiccd su that of ottartr. dust. iv, irnALATtoH CTSsnqs::? ?.Tm kayis duct Ao o continuation of the.previous intoris reports rind do a cucnrry for this final report, a roTlco of the entire program of study ic roporterf. In tho inflation experiment (Saranac laboratory Ho. 10X2, 1100, 1104) ftreupo of guinea pigs, rc.to, and hemioro we placed in a cubical duct roesa, 0 feet in dissneioo, la rhich in atmospheric suspension of Kaylo dust r.u9 rnint&inid, The roes ras operated far mars thru fivo yeara, from February 1343 to June 1350, About dCO crir-nl* tto:~j used in tho experiment rad none of bhea lised in th-j duct reen for cut Ions as 3 years* /, Conditions of wruesure The atfiocpheric suopensisn of Kcylo dust ni croetcd by the actico. cf t paddle that rotated insido a hooper, located in u eorncr of the dust reen, rhl.oh ccntainsd the finely-dirided Ms.yio product. The dust cloud generated in this nriisor floated out into tho room nhoro it was maintained for 0 hours on five drys of the \tsc1: and for -1 hours on Savardayc, At regular intervals during the oxporimont & fan onir.r.ls wore killed and tho tissues oxiunncd grossly and^Microscopically to dabevuiao tho nu&uro end the extent of cha dust realties, Tho tiseuo ut.b also anrlyr.od chemically to ectirmto th*> amount of Kaylo dust retained in the lungs of animals oxposod for def .\;u'-;n periods of tireo. e Tlr.r.l : triers O.ronc-illiaoi? l-20;>. `;i.*:cv:\t.: of atmospheric scree lor. ccliustsd in t;ic ruai ro;.\4 ni'.J nit'-^ot ir^iuecr rrsrn niad*: regularly. Kia ec.'ccrt;*nt:ls:i of 1'ayle iuf.t rrtiich tk* \'/iirr.tsd eiiinals `"arc oar-csad v/ns gonsrilly ttithiu th* rnnr/3 c' 1C? to 121; nillisn particlos per cubio feat of olr and the overall rno 115 Billion. In tho experiment trlth Infected cniauls the concentration ras higher, tho a?crego being SOS nilliss. H., Sttpocur? of vninfested snimla Hirer rpseics guinea pis, rat, hwaster *?cro employed in this ph?ss of the inTMotigafrien, A summary of the findings Is gieen In table 2, (lj vn nijra* At i;ho beginning of tho oxseriffisac 100 txinfeet.cd gtdnsc. pigs trers placed in tho dust roan end 6 asnths Intrr 25 r.cro 7.*rre cc-isU to replace anir.nl5 that had died in on epidemic of aauts pneumonia.. Cisco this pnewasnis occurred r.t that time also in enistalo opposed to wwMiar dust in ca adjacent roes, the vnferturcto cpidzrue tw.s eensidsreU accidental, Epidemics of this hind, nhich eseurred occasionally la enperiarr^tw at that tiiae. have since boon seaarollod,, Croups of guinea pigs, uru?.\1.7 2 fro *1 in nuaibsr, rore killed *t 2, d, 3, ?, 12, 10. 2?., r.V. 27. .70, 3i*. tali S'S souths ef-cr tho besicniRg cf their caponwro to 'tryio dutii^ ro that tea course cf tho *ulr.:rr.jy rrr.rl.v;:: could be follcsr.d. In guinea pigs crpoaoc. for periods up to SO wenfeho there rrr.n only a ; juild tissue rcr.ocsss to tSw inhflud Kayla ducc eud the rc::cfri.cr was li*ii-ad to t'.ic ruc-'.nrlr.iicR cf elwroc of I;:st contain a**, ^rcruciio.;:';-:* i.u grsupn ei* cdjoinir.-; air wmo$ (fig. 3). Tho intorvroing, alvcolr.r Trails vmro only slightly thickened by sceusn'.iatrd lymphocytes., Ocscoiennl r.ultiauclracod ( i 'J.'. i ::u?T ; Criv.a Illinois V*i.) czl'.;' `nvs visible T.:uthrro "'s:: a:1 yruvwivc prcllfortAon c.' '.: - .'iiriiccytsn cr riccssition of scr.no:'.i.lvj fcr; sjfcnstoni:: becUr. T-rrc soon (fiR- 4)* .'ierouuopie otucy of Un ti'ochscbvc.nshir.l lywyh ;; ruler-> v.-hich bscso ov.itrfjCju but realised coft, rovcnlcd clunUrs of innctir? t*vrb cells ciailar to thozs in the lun;:i but r.dthout a-ibavtivvi: bcd.ioo, It is pertinent to point out hero tbet rr.irxis enpostd to arsvstso iurt fox* a cirilar cQ*aontht period exhibit a s:?crc roactina vrith ire prodcct-io.*: yf fibroais (fig* S)* for c.oiip?riecr*y & U*r:j restion oi s rjcrrral guicer. n*.;; ic chcrei (its, 6)* Ihc a ciinalc s:rjcrod to JU'flo `lunt for r-oro then ;"5 nentho (-5 eniesla f'cr Sw.^nthn ?jj*1 3 t.niaul.* fnv 5-3 uotsths) .vhcsrd not only tho loricnt UV.r* thrsc ef the mt also cr.:.i:vii?d a trur f&brosis of r *.y r.: shr.rr\etvi\\stAe ci* tho response of "nine?. ol-s c? inhvlrd v.r.uesbes ficcrn, 'Chiz renatf cn is r. rrfshnr differs tyns of fiVroeio vrhien far?::: principal?./ r.b'iuc the brtsirhisis::, ihs kssII dusts frsi aisAsh th* a?`aAnrJl air season, or alvr.v.Aj arise, A scapfliiMa of ii;;, 7 one ;i;;. G nr-cala Uo sArdlsrs,*; of t{n tissa;: reaction produced in the 'ey 'U.vio cur/, cod by ^r-Veot;;: lu-';, :1k lo'?i:ur. in tho tr:iche:*rjrahi.ol node*.* r.'.w.rc ro sh*\r.re b.v>v:;:x ?*J souths and 55 Months* (2) Pot?:, rprciea v:r.u es*vlo*\ 'r*;?? *.tn tt*'*?:!.--* fibr^A.* predttend by inhaled cuartr. dust dv.olons !ty.\rr? **?oAdly' l.x rate Vi*r'* ;iii anAsurln <? othvr C5t:cA, Terty rr v-z v*:*:*. rnpoaod to t'v.r/w *r.r ns ?.: .v. ' ao of ".iyV'Oi* ? v;\: :, trobl-.ea rAU";.rtf, tho '`ii'Ot ya;tr o' th:> vt ?*.**rM :.hr **:*.cr o:.; lor to uonth.'j 3.G sr,ir:2.Tr: rUod t vch c:rc ( - Circa ir\-r>rv;ht3y" wta <?. `.*r tiv.v: r.v* r.vn net rrcr.cjnd to dut. *i cerrealy rnl'jTSfc to this type r.;' ioslan, 1*bo hi'*> is ael consider?-! 5ioV.ifir.aii1;, .Tn wclir to folio;? tho progression nf tho tiseua reaction to tho-inhaled Heylo duet rate twr hilled or. grenpe of 4 affcar 5, a, 13. lli, ici-i VI norths of cspoetcc* Xt ra?* rtrojilcd (fig* U; that thr.o'sshcut the easariseat tho ro**cticr to the rast vensirfccd of fecal soliactlcas, in tho aVs;e.Ut of si:iereo,'.&n3 Tli.ch cer.ta.inni: pnrtislos end r?:\elca of <:rst, T;>u only ohfr.33 o*>aerwi as t':: enresuro pcjv.e*1. beesna Ir.acr.r rn increase ir. tho jiv^bor c* ti* aiseobv.* fftc-i* f&nllr.r <hist-*?ilicd sasniphp.gna wre seen ia tho trrchc--'cre*Achial V,i:"i\\ nr.&ic. Is uo anisal '.n\s thrro any tissr-.*. rccstlo Vy'eie?! <*f c;`,\3.n*r*: thv peri*.-:ioIn.? fi'orssi;* cf aaVcntasia r-.\s set discovered. tiv.v-h aconr-icr- :tl aehoctesls bcdir.a '.Tare tte^arrad* In tIct? o.? other er?T-\iitTnl;a t&`V r.-**rs 1st r-.w.rs arlsastae d'sat. typical joribrsnchio.lr.r fibre rin r-nv < et ho . *.& r:;:rV!iv. ettreavrs ta I'r.ylo dust. * ** ft . t. . ' m # ..... ^'"il-.-iisilH* *'-T.-jivcy :jrttj;bara re ylvocd ir. the '-u.-c *-rn-- r.r* -if::*-- ?. ya-*:*.f:d to* ?l*C lo r:v.rti;a ef wacsurs 3 nBitrsln `tars hill*.- :v': e r/.* 3--tenths cvriad o jtv'.tsI r th-.ri.r.-.l ,Y-v* c'wrii.a -j ; cnr.*r,",i,.s**4 ;I.iotsif**;ic "iirTiir.f;vis'1 yfr.v?..-*-rrl tha :h-.,'**.o ncenn&r.tsd ctr; clewly iu tU lvnr. Ho fibrosis v.*ar o-ian nr.ucot la oa-; h;'ji!r-2r,, *.wji!5*i *jod hatrn e;r;oactl fer IB months, Xu thc.t irJsci .rl'cro rrno ?. *; .-.vjn of r5;?`*ihrcrchio.Lf.r fi'iJ-csis so l-hsit it ho 'Jnfric.icily v r:?-' c.;!.y *.t fior-'-icn ArV.; \ >: '.::? j:* vav'.-v.vr alii r.t thn msv.o?. pi Van *rrvo pv5'."37;i; " n i- .. \"per*; vctiv:-Illinois l..r,o 3?. Vh-ov*: rrt thi/cs tyr-:;: cf ocporiri.TJ v,hi:h r.r; miunbla fcv drier. iini*j; th** ci'ttxfc of /ithnled duct cjj -iio ilo70\c^*3\t si' tubercvlocic in '*zrvi'?.rt'.nc*s DOinclc. Xn the slir.ultrr ouun In futrtl on cnporisir.nt ncnnul -cnlaM.a arc. lnicot tilth atiununcod tubercle bocilli by Mu> ishalaiiea aothcd end ilwn aiv irrr.d r.tr.ly trm'fci-rtjd to the duct roen Xhur, the t.uboreuXcuu siev-sr- env the reaction to th-i inhriod duct *.7iil develop cLrultfincovciy In the 7tr.c-tx-: csp:rir.ft*t the inir.ilc, after hris;; r.nf&ctwi nith the tv.b-:\xio bat;ill:l, r.r '-X'nvccl Kn Xx'j: in **. clean nUioephcro fer r.evnrrX before huing on- per.- ^vr'i. fwlnj; ihic pc.r5.cd tlx tubcrcvlcva disenro j'ncjaJ.ly r?~r'*:.r rr.-.' v.-_::. r'.r.r.?. i.-hes p!:;:. lrilovinn of th: rniisclr. t> sens n the Irt'.v.c!:**. t:~2* eosiirrc to repress w, nith other duets, t\n t\v.'*i7!vl pv?.-?.*.3 r-:v* 'vccur- .cr:;i?o rr.U spread. The rrrr.jreosic"ocri:s:.nt ic ore in rh.ich or oitpucr;;! 'ec eur.t Tor several r.vrtbs, arc then infectcu. and rro ixnr.'w.ntely ciiuiact to the civ.rt x*.rro th..i;r onponrre he Ouch in noutitivrd. in *5:to ray the effect of a preeiev.r duot ?::yocure oa th-. -rv ;y ..v?n-rc c<; ?. i-.-h-'-rcuiu**.' iafefttJ.cn cr*-* ho studied, r-i /..;--5.n^ the offret of inlieinrj S.*.y?.y dost on th currso of V-;*?r>ronl'.--**r ir.Irj'iit ; r. er.rcicvlr.r nVionmir: r. n '?-* of'".tsn^M.yp? fcub#,re} br-.i.lli. l:nr.?. r.a :\j ctw.ii:, re. 3 ""ployed, 'IMs ctr".ir. has a `.or d-.55.-os of *>iruXene fer suirjer. pies ctvl, in t!u> nriTici rr,i*r.l, nrodur.ee r. r :?.** Ainit?.-! cicouct- '"hie't ri.ll prcrr.'on i'o'* )1 to 'J nentho r.ivi r.uhcnn-.vntiy ;j*in.X? Tji fist a'.:?jua.l *.T:-ieli hun :lrh*.`.X,:.,fi quarts -iv.ct or ccvi-ti-n ocher ihjft.r., hor.-cvrr. the dieer.ro v.cvaXXy nrocrosocy ccnxinuoucly rnd t.Xll:anv.o.\y ftr.ucso the death of the cci.'.mi, ."incr expcricr.oo lias indicated that tv.horc - *> nOAO 4-C.,-- V the H> strain hsro about bh cnnc decree cf vXi'v.Xor.c? yor j\~ 2.2 tubercle bacilli of ifco hunan sereiu hr for ana, y.t ir. to to cbtrio seao correlation to'tween the influence of various duets tuberculous Infection in guinea pigs ood the effect of thoc cuotn uborculouo diooaoe in industrial oorkerc* or infeotiag the oaimeXa -ith tuberolo bocilli on initiation tosfanio 12% A glass tube rss fitted over the enimal1 nose and into this s vurponoicn containing a fcncim ntubor of bacilli of the F.^ rtrnla proved xith a OeVilbiss atomiser, Ao tho misal breathed, he inhaled tsosnhevie cusnoncisa of bacilli into the iv&gs, chert they bscars 4d. {1) Siwltnnocus^infoc ti cn^fhjiiteft^eics^in foe ted^t^tho^ti^.o^their ?jSSESHS$*5Ji&2J$82,-iSi!.3$2iS3;:* the fire# eaoerii aeat la stater Is tiers infested trith twtwclo bacilli at the tirao that their rvr-j: tof-yio duct vzs started (table 5), 25 guinea pigs rere w*d *'\v; rpldsnis of pneirsonift during the first 10 Rsnths reduced to 15 ths verb'*?* tnter.ls carilabl? ;n presr^soivo tubcrculoria, sd 1 ethers died from y:idcter::iacd emcer, net ircr. tubcrcr-lucle, In the rtr.a5;airg 12 tho course of the i.jx'culona dlv.baso ***>;*. ioHorad by hilling 1 er 2 eniarxle at X* i, 2, 12, , IQ. red 24 p.er.ths after infectisr, in 11 of the 12 salsals the losicnr re ienlr.tad, euenosulaied, ord regress!a*;; in the regaining rnival, xhich ,3 hilled at lo ccntks, the leeiem rxrc widespread throughout the Ixvit it fibrosis had been produced, fthich indicated c tendency to heal* In an ;ter.:nt to develop a strain of guie:a pig rosiefcant to t:te infeetioa thnfc id caused the anouRcaia, rone cf the wiinale rare used for breeding during - ?.C - f'l. . 07;sn9 IXli2oin l-cO-yl &* f; ; rl.!st, lho 2 anirmls tint died from progressive iuonrertla:?'.-. /r.' )A tenter) ecu tha eingla rairol, hilled at ly months, that crjubi-cd apre.ad lt?-.ionc \?oro all used cs breeders during th; or.pcritecnt but 4 otlur mij?,eis in the erperirtent, v.hich rare also employed for breading, railed to ' nboa ortanoivo disease* Cuing to the element oi uncertainty introduced by this feetor of breeding, end also because of the high mortality fras pnctt.e.oua, /s it ms considered i.'spossiblc to establish, frets this exuoriment, iofialt'; ^ / . conclusion*} about the offset of inhaled Keyla duet upen taboreulcsir, and **%r thorofero the osperisant *s ropaaitd, Tfca eismltanoout infection snocrisent uus conducted a teesad tine (tablo 5) rrlth 20 gniaa* pigs, instead of 25, td animals oera killed in pairs for study at 2, 4, 6, 3, 12, IS, end 24 Jtsntha after infection* i'jaia the incidence of sneissspie ras unusually high, 5 of the wiiRals dying fro* tliit cause during the first 9 mraths of canoeurc -rau 2 ncra durir* tUr fs?..a-ain: 16 months, Of the rsnsioing 22 guinea oisa *1 er.iaials repealed, at IS, 22. cat1 24 rooncha ni*tor infectic-u, a rereading tuborovJ.ous di cease, o' ui.r.ir:*'.*. c:r'^'.ut (5r..f 2), rbicb rsc caiJinncd by n:icroPcspic crimination. Shrro rtSior etiitT-ls si so hc.d u spreading tuberculosis but in then tho disc-cse h?/i ojwtndsl to tho cpleca and other ovg;inc. Then snistslc *.tei*o eovsidsr'.-d r.::. ccptiocci r.nd in tho rr.et have bus:: classified err n.*nor*":,> The t:rn "' ic girun t.c n guinea pig iu which the inhalation infection frith the ctteaur.'rH V'.ri.llx In nec confined priueipally to the lungs and truohrobronchiol oodoo but xrccnds also to other ctM;en:; and produces in *i'n tuberculous changes cf rnffj.cicofc erstout to b? recognised in the gress. Since "sports'' vcaroar.rrt n departure frea tho r.cmi po.ttwm of tior.ua x*ooctioti t.o atten**.r.tj;d - 11 '.'sMli, whether tht ini'eeUo;: is cossblncd trith dust cr.e-ssurr. vnot. ii'-jc-: ?attain nast be "eluded .Va oesr.yirG * offset of 'vi inhaled duet ucoa i tubarouloua infection, 2t is br.-lievsd that 5,cperton arc tataala wfcnco native resistance to tho attenuated erganira is unusually lo^,. Support for this belief la ciyoa by erraoricnoo with quarts d\ist> a dfrfinlkvly hazardous ratorial, which rcnctirrtsc ca inhalation infection produced by attenuated bacilli but ordinarily ie sot aseeclcted nth tuberw-lsuo ortensien to ergons other tissa iho lungo asd troohaobrouehial lymph nruus. The control ndurl;cd group (table 3) of guinea pigs for thio cnnarir.orAM wr? infected r.t tho ssss tixo ao the ospcrlscntal group of aninals subsequent ly duuted* The sene culture of organise ras usod for all aninals, *hn tr.brrr.i;lR"s infect;,cn followd its usual course in tfco control group Mid rcaoXwd ix nil of l&s o:ii."sla escort's ano, a ''ryert51, in tiilcfc 'ifct diter.so spread. ** prcgrtcoiTo tuberculous disease me noted in \ Gain'*?. pi.rs of tbs ecccsd snpcriif.cst. the degree of csiensicn of the discern in then .rav clin'/i, Tlio vnrjsiaing 23 wiisils, fl of which died of iiit.'rcvrr^u'i L-iiTJ'.xr/jnir.. s'.maad no eprnrd and too iafoctica fcllcreu the aRwr?.?. score** *.:.V rcr-oesicu ar.d Ucr.iiaf, c.5 in tho nea-dustod control anionic. .`t 5.r. believed. therefore, that thn Inhaled rlr.ylc di'et bed no ni^slficsurtly cvrevso effect on tho tvboroulotfis. * (2) ttcr.ctivrsfcion infection? ^r/iv.ca_oi.tni_3Cvr,r^b:is-infoc^vc^l^r?*} in clean air for revere! iswfchs pcfcrc l>e/*v; o::eoeed to Keylc c'v.cv, la tfco reactivation onecriitent (ta.blo 4} EG guinea nigs were infected with the attenuated bacilli end fllonoa to livo in a clean atnosphere, /.uir.ais - 12 - > M j iyj.5 i. *itv: cf *; V.T-V"1 irsrstfii-rvc ts trari ro-rn ft 7. jrwuV.Ve (10 i r^atbv !' ni'Tvl:). ~r.C *J ;?.ca:;)is ; "f *.?: n n:;' ;v <:c roll:;: fctu course of the 'ciczv.? ruccttna n pair of animals of Wvs ijvr.r sub-sror? (2 rzz'crt ia clem air) r:ss hilled ai'ccr only 2 MSaifhti :f evsi enpormro and, ia addition, oeiisuls frea all groups n.oro killed in pairs after `I, C, and 12 ssntha of nsoosaro to the dust* rsarcinstica of the ticr.va of tho dusted eslssls failed to rorc-l a sicr5.fior.9t reactivation of ths tuboruuicua dissaso by who inhoicc 2aylo drurt* huly ear csiinal thornd erit'anca of syresdinj; pulmonary tuVsrsulcsin. rftSsisl in rrernt (ilr., 10;. That r.r*.ii*,rl eas 1 cf 2 ohst had lirad I'! cl:';w2 cir far 2 r.rstV.'1 aft&r i;ii- tsssir: and Ihtn hr.d hear* to hhs ch;.rii .'cr 12 !asn:?c? In W;a crrt.rel srsnn .Vrvl* *1) l-7:e:-cv-lcyo disease- ht ur* .tt J.? V:.: r.oruul isram?*.* cad ir*a)cd, \r ta %h sncrciiun V-tr.I; or^i .liii'r.-d (a :!sinrt,?) davAorrd a wruy/lirs dlssas:: au.` disd f^os vubcrsulc.?ir. $ csstr.sr r.fier infict?..-*?, (*; frc&isasrlvicn :j::~2... rreiaoa airs nor? .*! rerrhe^r:. fariivya to '.Vast t.t.s rtr.rt?;*, ijr >f't**V; it? a svo tort, brnr.uco e dvs*. that in only wry v..ys? n no: ci::rvj char.*f.jj ''!' .. J.V.ovrh niacr iu c.hrT.v*i`s.*r. \'- p ^'C ';o r \Ur proferiidl;* **15 CtV's IrpavaV. t*f n Vro?'.h i.*ii:rcttlora iv.fc tbi c can: srirtufc * (v.n* lie a). -;hich v?a r. dcsi^nsd to r.ftv.fi'.' the sffw nor.nruip'vsd in the Ivn?; uosa a r.swly-dov slC;'inf; evUr*.-:;ulc*i cO i.iU.t acre oapasaO. to fc;Vi wOT C :a,'\v.;is auci t:v:n n yiy.ij .Vi. '.mrie-:1 \*v.b r.rziz bc.c The* dust o ::,or>a'.ro 1:00 V.v.vsrii, mri oe.vriod c:t far asohliVT 7.1 months. *ferlag the oourae of this aopcrlaent t eitaole uero tilled tt the ced f the prclialaary I vacthe duotlcs period* They shooed oai? en oceteicssi elu=? e? dust phagocytes witiia the olrsolsr spaced* Of .the darted tzC lafoefcod fmiasls, 7 died frve iatereurroat paessla, vhleh elinineter t.Vj for purposes of analysis) X entaal died ot Id cestha eftor lafoetlon free epreedlas tuberculosis* tad th- ruatlalas XT stasis sure Wiled is jw: st 2, <( Ct I, 10, 1C, cad 10 cmthe asd 0 rare killed st Cl^aosths after iafostlca* Of the letter e^op ef IT tciatlc, 1 shooed sssy eproodtas tuboroloe, IQ reeeslsd seettcrod cprosdtag teborcloa sad d exhibited taalri tubercles, Those fiaClass iaCiocts that a tubsreuleas iafootios is seises pipe that oriclastos eorarel cesths after s prolcaped closure of tbs eataslt to Stylo dust tas Initiated ssr & tofsTsraVly iaflasacsd by tka inhaled duet* Ibis iafXueaoo, lomtr, is alaiual ia dsgrse* The tuboreslous iafaetlos ia the coatroX siaale (table 0} is ;ecera* roprfssd asd hsalsd* Of ths eastrol stasis there ucc, ss usual, 1 *s?sr* eataal", Wiled 10 ~--*v" after iafeetles, rtiieh reraslod a fee scattered isolated tuboreloc that usro of the eprosdia* type, 0, Aail'fili of tlrauo of caosod salacle . 6healed analysis of the luage of iviafaetad guinea pips that had inhaled Xaylo duet for psriods up to 56 asatfcs yielded the data repertsi in table 6, It will bo noted that sc the period of closure teens loader the aah oaluec grewally iaereoeed, thee shsrin* that nioersl sitter t.-s eeetsuletiag ia the lease* There rat a proaouaesd loeroaoe ia the iil.ee easpneat up to about 90 aeaths andthea a slight deereaeo. The rested lev > id this cditiaa, vfcieh bit eeee o_ l. " entirely clear bet it local U be due pert to dilution or the iahalvl duct cith the Iflcrcaele eo^eorst* sebiUsed ki o result of tbo ir.ercisei tlssuo readies chiob dsvelopeu, et matieaed, in the guiac* pij * botcoa S9 ead SC aesths of exposure to tayl* dust, disco 00I7 2 in vert analysed for eseb exposure period, iodividuai educe ecesslaail;* *o eer# out of liae but the gaaord treed wi clearly ladicetad. t. mxsc or oramgsTm rt:ait?cs The fiadlegs derived freo ths various inhalotioa esposiesnts rill bs * revloeed briefly tad case palate of cipifietnee oatiesod. A, findings for acred aclasis iahdlae Carlo dust . The remits of the lahalrUoe esperiost prove that Sayio dust, isz labeled late the Itage of gdaoo pics for a prolonged period (SO to 53 ecsths), le oepshlo of prodsoiftg tie poribrcaehiolcr fibrosis oharestaristis of the diocese asbeetocic, So fibrosis as foraed by tfcs ithaloi dust ia . rote or ia boasters, with the eseoption that fibrosis vos barely resognissolc ia a eiacls belter, exceed for 11 eaoths* Xa saiuals exposed for 58 eeau.ii or less tfee letineas shooed no fibrosis but oortsio sopooto of the leeiess, although easbsd by the readies to the iaort eospeaeats la leyle dust, core eespstiblt citb to early step ia the dovelopasot of asbestoois, o diteere do chieh thoro iso predilection of the libera to localise ia the toraiaal bronchioles, This beatTier is vallko that of particulate retarid, nMrb to iaitielly deposited ehiofly ia the alveoli rather than la the liuras of - IS ~ So broacidolo:, Sire* th* cajcr pertl. ef Xcylo dwt is psriiculit;, ( (rsct /*(! of it lotted in the clTteli od tie rcaoiioi crerchuoev*: t;*.: tievbicp&s;; periVrcr.ei.iol&r it:?us: is tia ti'sei'tos fibers ef k v.: eeted teat ie thv rtsica ef ten sreatfeielos ? wsisAt rh-ei i'w* Itr: teas 5i` Bastes there ra* cridisee ef swre dust eeU astirtvy ii-.ru is usual la tee reesties to ta isere eust, Little ristifles:v tvs air. vUr.-.-. tt tiiv otssreetiss l*> first, herrx:r, teeauv. there vss so indiesU:t c! iri'wvesia. fa* resly reaatiea to &aye Ocrt it cassr-ist different frea V.;:'* - IS 4 lua illlttU uhlch la the oajor coaati it of lejio it *Ay te caji that although thara is so specific iaforactiea strut t*t effect of that esepeuad on pulflanary tissue, there is eeb elioicel sad espcriaratal evldctoe te lucstst that it is biologically l#v. furthermore, la tit tshslcttes sp*riseat frith Koyle dust there use e deleterious affect tei vl'ueh could he rttrlVutsd te the ceielta ellieate eccpracat of the ituxlnJ material. this ebsereatioa is euprrted by our studies e.ooccreisj cimiiar ciielw alliestec ia a<sat, 3.` Mediate fey tuberculous celasit InUtlltr. Kcylo duct * , The iahalaUoe enperiswats 1a cteeh tuberculous emits* pi$s marc exposed te Style duet iediaats that friars the caisale rare iafeetsd ritl; ^tteausted tubercle Vr.cilU at the ttoa execute te the test ts started, er rare iafesied pricr te that tire, the labeled *ayle duet hed c zd tafaeersble effect ef 5icr.ifiae* ea*the tuberculous isfectlss. Id rent ef the erposed cclsalc the tubsrculoue disease healed ia e terra! * ucraor and ia the ten asiatle that oshiblasd e tprstdirs type ef leeiea the t*p*tratioa of the disease by the duct w*. slaimal. 1%e \bti ealsals labeled Style dust fer saroral ecath* before tvirs isfoetad, the aufcsequsst aeeusulatiea ef the duel* ia th Img* socsei tu hart a alightly uafarorcel* iaflueece ea the usual eourea ef the tubsreuloss dictate. TI, Biglffly 1. Kayle dust, thea iahtled for a proleajed period, is eatable of predveirc IT 1a-v ii* ef eviaoa ptfe, but sot of rot# tfco perlbrosehioUr fibre:;* '*'typiel of aheetoaia, 8. ft* InehUtioa of Coflo duet dll sot eouce is guinea pigs, retc, or haaaWa oither clUeooit or tiie diffuae fibres*a rfeich ceeotisea foiirr: the itihrsletlos of diotouacaeut ctrfz, C, ftio Ishaleilon of c?le duet dooe sot ciplfics&tly influtsea the uecei eovce of tufecreuloala 1a guises pig: iafeetad dtb stteiusted tui.erelr. bseilll, prodded th* infastioe ia gives to the cnlsrlh before tr: first cspeaod to the dust* Is guises pics tbct bare la^ilod Ktyls due. for severe! seethe before being i&feetad, e oestioustiee of the es^erer: epposra to hero e slightly uefftvcreble offset ca fit diest:o. - IS - V.llii'rv-..-, 1-: 7-1*1- 1 irAMftSS OP KATI.0 C&ialysiff of loft #2, reeoivnd in January IV 7) Cliraiccl sarJ.yz.is 55.0., FCgvg A3.,03 TiO* CaC XrO Kr**>0 Kr J.eaa boier: 1CVr. ttbsrc 105*0 t ,*3 1.9? 0.22 0.05 7.10 0,1? 0.15 *.S2 ...IjMS rr,*M "re.? niifrectica or.i?ynin oescisbnd priscipeily o* clr.y*lil:c r^.szas ~h?.:5;t preev.crtl a deliaifto "-;*ny diffrnctim pattern. prccis^r-bly wJ;a j of r. hyircus caicirr. aiiicata. 0;*.rrfttt particle* up bn 50 idcpww i?2 sis tJsro present. but they vrcrc not simrroua r.n:d by probably nr*.do up loss than 1 per crrvt of the nestle. bouft 5 per cent of th material :na salclto and r.covr'.imfcoly 15 to 20 per cent rrs cliryr.otila or r.crpcntius, v-hivli naa largely .CH'ronn, The fibnrn r.rd bundles prcmsrt r:-ve **;naily seTCrr.i Eilliia'carn in ls;^Uli and rern aolf.Vvj chrrhrv than 0,3 aiillirrcter. I 0 VVVTr' !*' iV'.'r; * . . . % ..*.- of 'iria-cc *</ /viii-.r.Ic i!rVfctXi*-i Oi ^poi'r_*:ov:; /*n5.rr.is vxsd t>.r.i*v.a ctors&en of 1 i;r> try'.o Hu.vUcs 1 rv:\urJ*.:3 cr.ncrru to j-y/.o vrn-.-.:-.. i j 3 iiics y; 1*SV3 .r **. 'C4*'*.V5 r*5l'iVir.eiiic:.;M* fiVvcnin, Vi\c oi* ?.3fec:;cn:U. 9<*edtt**d nfta? <> r.onfchs cf onaowxo* At 0 jr.^-itbs cf c^oos^ra rcnctioa ?.ir:At<*4 to C5cw^.*.).3tlr.a c* cl-.v:os of dust* cor:v.-i).;.ng racror'i-'.^rr. rri*:hcut fibrosis. A /err :*abestcr:'.i bo*iig& rers men. Trr.cfcrnhreschirJ. ly.rjh ric6is 'jccvvo rnirtrf^H but rc?.e.ivod zzr; ritfceut ?:ihrcsf.c; :>.G focal ccliostior-s sf rV.'.:;-; cr^n-v.!?.4.'*'" ?n..?jrop}ir.r;c:3 An ':]:*: An ''.>: trr^ce'!>rcr*.5!'J.a.i .-oli r.rc cs. luc:*?-.r.rr in nr v:' x'irr.l r.cVxr/:i>x:s vr.s .-ns only cli:'.c^r ^'rrrrv:^ ?..t o".\;:3ri*-r yov'r*' h ;:;:: "r.yrrr.. T;'* '.".'..Iror:'.,' r\* ~S:*Trr-- "\p ' ! .............' * ** i'.*f :?; ' I*: f:V.r:r" .? . ;ta enr '! v.'^.ch -cry vcrr.tr.v:? rjftci*. 11 routes **.*;' ?.** r.:rv. . AoV..7 !:*v:?.?: *r s: riv- :*v vsur'. ri U? s ? vw ur.;: 'V*~r. -*'s t;*.' r*iT*.i'* ?'' ! ``AT.*`.i" r-5 J cr ; '"ivli cv.'.'. ri'o b:iU. ! ; i i si i i i i I ! i : j Sab.V. 4 O *na lHinoAc W?.f 2 'r? nvJi' i\ If s r rni? h/.7V; toTT Snnor.v.rc of Infected Aaii?g.ls (Hcaativabioc pJiasc) nature of enneriswat initials used Ar.J vials infected ith tv.br.relo V*neilli" pud then lof t ic cJcr:? air for tha fo.Uotrla,* periods 'ceforo boiaj; ersocsd to duet: ' -2 nsstha 10 3. ?i?* Ztesinus duration of enpnsuro to Kr.ylo dust uouths j i;i ri iscntha 6 noiiUiu Cortrola to irfeebienj no orsesuro to dust ! 5 Fl Si 12 m 0 tieaulvS ! .i *b dofinlto crrvdcncc cC reactiratioa ol* tho tubaravloufi . irfjcfcioa oso-wt in Vanioul. e;r-nced to Stylo dust for 12 nsntha, that hod n cligivi spror/i | of tho disease# . j t*D definite cTidoncn of .ecstivatica. 8o defini'.*? otidonce e rnnetivahion* Infection fo? .lord its i*n*r-** covxno sad rasolecd Aa ?.!?. ejsi:M*.\s oxueot ouOj o ":rro: c''. 5.n *nhieb tho disease spread ';. othoi* rfsns an?1 enussd the thv'fcU of the ooiaftK b aicnthn ftftov infer.tion# *The jwinaft i>.i,*; nnrc 'nfoctsd mvUi tuhorelo bacilli oT the lot^virulcnJ; 1\\ strain# ( it: * <J.-.^c-Xiilnele l-SO-02 Ttolo 0 Mizvm or nsaunni 5??E2i!XKr v.ot. kaxlo wrc IT^onui'e of Anl^ls That r.vro Ir.fccbod 5 i^nths Aiktr Thr.ir """ Uxponvrc ftp .(aylo Exist t-V.a frvcd'csii 'u'.'i ir.tincr. cl*',? rci- r.raa'cud with t**VsrcTr: hi'sil'i oA* *.'!' AyT-vAlTiAcfit si*- .i?i 3?? Cf* w F iual Hoport O w n s .*tllin o i in io r - / w *..* n jlS '4 (1 S *i * *** n n !; *4 "* ius Vr.- r:?t t- . :* 13 W JiJ *M l: r* .ft? o r*. 5-1 et !s" r.*. w o n 8 Si j m P n si a o .j o ~t s Cm V I 3 O o fV CO c* to *- w I? v* VI r1 *3 tft U3 *> 19 'A * *19 CM tO W e- i? o ?g r4 * 4 VJ - !* CM M ff* 4 o* c5 cm to K n m. IS to CJ 9c> t* *s* to ?; ct * e * n -t -a .. - ra -r: * XX ta Cv to XX 53? V V. ?.$J 94 3* e*i ? o* ^t *> n 3 *3 C j) o L. a 8* v *O '3 0 oo 7U* S1:5 e a. ti ta Tt `J ti *3 rs * fO,, *^3 t> U S o XX .5R! w ton ftto- it? :.t?< -cIt 'fat c-* f** t,,a> o' o c # ft ft O o r> ..., V `O 9.* M CT i ft lO ft** tt* i9t4fMf1JMt* W13 1r9iff.j 9- . oo > M t ^ o` ON f: f H ft f M ft 4 a M VS *3 V eo f ; .I W r -3 *0 o o V) oa t..a. - 33 43 t-J * r to <9 oo ta > X* M O ft oa fi O # ft oa ft s ftt ft ft Oo V? C3 f; tat oa n r> ci o * O Z 93 M S oo ot rt et oa oc ft o S f| f* f< 95 99 rt ft e*M o to t> <3 *4 to , .. .. M> i! 9>m5 ft* 9*5 f| t* P4 53 . J J- ?ij5 lf't* a to o oj u S CJ to f) l*? ft I et f.t 5 et *9 f*. v.t V? ?1 * > f* :? t *<s * lO i-9' e.: ft ?, ci t- r> c* ;.* 19 ** a :> M H 91 * .f f. - f* * *.ft tr. iC '> 4. > 0 rs >. f t9 - "V1 ** Oc S** *f5t 0 fi> t * a ? ft to 49* M ft O 1 H .* oa pj -t o *' O ft ft*t *:*j. S'* 'f.' n *rft r? m 4i ft, t :1 ;? c.t . -.9 % #I 0 :i :j m n S6 tft *' Ti W oa 94 C*1 e o NM oo t -i rz i? ft oo ?9 .4 rs aa tJ *.9 ti> a o e> o oo o n oo oo ro c f 3 2 :o t* f Tt o > tft ft <9 10 T .t to 54 ?3 C:.' c3 ft f 49 :9 *4 -M c v> C. f! 94 lt> to _( o 3 '4 C n5 44 M V. n 0 4> O f?.{\ao O -rl a r- '3 crtl.t co :i i * 4-t t.f a o fi rj V ;4 f? Ht* * uo Sv. . G '* M.l Kl'povi. tfius* Illinois iv2 M Principal eelelto lino Principal qvmrtt Xiao Principal chrynofcile liw* riE, 1 X4UX PXFFSACTX0I7 PATSESH OP SAILS a* ftsylo duct rrceired la January 2946,. *ot Saylo duct received ia January 1949* Doth patterns centals Hues nhich represent a xscdcrots csoitnt of chrysotile sad of calotte ear a snail amount of quarts. Faint lin*o`representing what la prcbebly the hydrous cr.lciva siller.! o coopoacnt of Xcylo arc also procont ia both patterns. Is mlditicu, the original flla of pattern b contains a very veal: liao corresponding to anoolto but the lias is too faint to appear in the reproduced pattern. Tho quortr. content indioatod by pettors a is lose thaa 1 per e.^ni end by pattern b, about 4 per coat. N |g *ns\ f t lit am la n i c r on * 0 c '* i3K** VC 9 T<Alc 2 tmzvxi c? iriiuSiXJ U7u\ZZ';: xaiz rjziA rrn T.^9iVT9 it W.l'Sitid. teH-glS 2httts*c o? inperintst /sisals ucsd Ue^irv-'. r* *.Z}XSV9 Icy* ftsittitt . =: i ! : . 12S 1 J ?S* l l 1$. } iij i j CT^VSt'A | s&st^tv.eaai:* 1 %v Meyle 1 ivni V2XH cui-i;. 4t rs S.Ttti3 SS IS 20 hcutcrs 1C . PeriVrsr.eHioL:- fisrtt.'.c, `./Ir. CUrfc cf tafcostosis, ror.-eed u'i*-; SC ssirths p" ev^os-ii'a. /.i u mths el ?.>Rvre reset;,ra liriiti "5: c-ccur'i-'r.viia c' cl- .*.,> Tritfccv.t itiresic. /. Ccr ml-.-ir.::.; Medics atr? syrr. ?r::h: 3*rc: s'._i:. lyr^l: scCss *wrs*a zisr;,* syvrtnaiae;' tsfi S2i rittcr; . i rcesi eellss-iess cl etrwiaisr --is, eivccM csd Is -She redes. Issrecsi. in :v.t;;v ei locij eclltstless v.ss. -ie is; c>.srst Verevt ft* ftjxsr^y bost leases-, Ko ctHcoyis er ss^cscssi:-. * ; . ' Cms* ftecaaulsfcsfi very lIst-Iy, . So litres!* e::te?a tr. tr.'.-z'. vrhich *sc'-*5 very slislt fisrciu ; reftfticr sTeer IS cas-ls ti* ' Artmtrtis ti&c in ull sc.--.-;:-; tad ct vital si tes, Tul'ic 2 wswt i* iriiiUiS:.* u?izsr.: \ziz uvj* rrr: Exgasvro sT Teble l ANALYSIS 0? SAYLO (/salyeie of lot flt ractirtd in J*aus?y IK?) Chosletl caalycta belt?; 105*5 above 1C5*C 3.eo^ l.? l.S? 0.12 0.03 24.9C MO 0.1? 0.15 (.*2 1S.10 Ihr catsrial eessistod priecipaily of elc^-li^c u:;cc flic's prceucci a definite X-ray diffroetioa pa-tors, prosaas* that of a hydrous calciun dlieits. Quarts particlee up to SO aieroas.ia also wore present, but they wore sot euaercca tad by weijht prebcbly sedo up loco thea 1 par eeat of thr ecsple. About S per cost of the esteriel nt> eoleitu sad approriaetoiy IS to 20 per e<at was cbrysstilo or ecrpontiae vhieb was lerc^ly fibrous. Jht fibers tad bundles present store usually several cillisetors in leactfe tad were esidos shorter that 0.3 aliUaeter. ' ' r&z'j.-.' c ij'UiUiS:; lawnra?:* xzzz f.sostvrn t* Vsi/^tstct*- ir.i.:r:.s rrs: ibvtusf or Lspcrlncsi V-sissls toixi lfesiA-2 cvrtiicv. tSSSSSTS to ;cyio r.ssaitt . r i i : 1. ? i ! \ \ csisr-.s errscscri osstiiiacati;* xv 3:sylo ustil i5 ?ic? Ci n*: SSTCi.5 zz S.5 r* hcsjiers iC . ?eriVrsae;:i3-:.r fibres;.#, :.ri:. ti:yi ef rtbotissls. ror/ssi . ZZ ssr.bhs ** evyossro. ki Zt> cssfchs ef rteeV.:- -.:.r U-iiti t: teti--iT-r-vii: c' ei-. of b-ett.* tats iris- erc*'ts;s.*. rrltbcv.t Jibrcsis. A fcr asbtVie:.'.: bodies stre ears. Jrss'sj-sbrrssl'.is:. . ssCos *oeer.s eslsr;,*i bvv- rtrsiae; e:*s tr.i riUesv ii'-. c::.; ; iecai eeilef-iei; ef tar/.: esssoisiar aatrejUa^es is t>.t ti retU si is -ib trs;'.irc':rrr.'-.s.*... 1;--ti. r.eiet. issvttst in avs~.`:v i ioeil elitstioss v.st *. i; ehsagt ebcr\*vd ev boe'Sss lea-er, Ko eilicoais er asbrsfcotir, tsst escsitt.'.tts<i very is::iy, So fibrosis ::to?v lr. etc ts-r.i!. whieh be*.<# very sli-bt fisrev.i retiea tftc:* 12 Bs"is tf s-a-scr..*;. Acbottrcis basics is fiill sis~;;: csi ct wesl cites. teblo 3 d:l s?fo ,---- OrafUUci*: acnw op ns/iiJTu:' K?cuis:iff ma u2lo nst * Il5*>nav?f.- ? islets* Jjimlr ; ritn'-Ksaccds iaft^iioe pfcass) Ist.tri of 1 t1 Jtsad Hrzixa: dureSitb r enoosure to' rpl i dus; i esaths totals isfsetcJ tubsreie brciili** ct bT-'iatsj ? * e:nsru:*o to Sr*rie u?i Ccabrehs is iafastiec; s sports* to dust 23 ;< pit* 2* ?4* 24 0 is&sal isiessci rit'j rubercie b:*iii" 5'i bt-ixaiaj; ef ie Xsyi dust. (Repetltioa of previous xpcrisci) SO G. ?iU zt Cratrcls tc lafsriioft; a exposure te drri: 3i 6. *<-* \ \ 0 Korolis , * * ! i i 1 i Result? Iteoaelf.^lT.:; ei-crs: iafiueaeo cf llaylo cur: o- n tuberculous iafcetic: it defi- sitoly establish*, P-.-ariv.ssiT: dieost; ir. 3 cabsr.V. thr.i hr.t bees esod ce breoisrs. * ! t ; ! Isfoctlcs fcllcroi v.suu'*. eoursoj so sorosdia; Casssss, to psctseaie. t | \ Little er eo si^.lficssvc/y edrtrso offest of iahslti Style dust s t tuberculous iafosui::: its dearsrsrauci, Ccsisr^cC sprcede, ell of eVishi desses, is 4 of 2? trposed ksiiisl:; th: the? 5 exposed snieslj were ports". Isfcstie: follcv.rS usu:.l course; cs trvsfMx" d.ssr.'.e casept is 1 ;,t?rt\ : 1 | t *h guis:::* pi.53 wore i&fseted uith tubercle bscilli of ths l*-TtiMicat 1.x sirric. Tftbi * mr.yjJ?s o? !a/i*.;2s: sApauccar n*a ratia hr Crposctt of lafectcf /cicels (Beeebivabiou phase) lV.ure of wqparlsc&t Missis tissd Itodm lea of exposure to Krylo 11 boaths | Results ? { 1 i lt 1 tainols Ir.foetoC rl*lt tubersla bseilli* rad tl-as loft is olecs sir for tha folloriag periods before j >?i; ortoseS to I duett 5 2 3th* 10 i. pics : ! ,i r i 4 eestbt 6 i i * 18 Its dsfisit* cvidcscs S \ rar.stirities of tir eutsrfiicii itfeeties asseot ia l tsisa.1, ; erpsaad to Xeylo euse far 12 sssths? Had t tliji'i strc:i ; of tao diaeiss. * lo Sefiaite rHCn.ec si reestlTstiou. j eoatbs Ceetrels to isfeetioa; so osposure to duat 8 12 3i 1' Ra ccfS-ai*:s oHdor.cw ai` rsseti^etics. ; : lafeeiion follo^tU it: ttivi; court tad resol?ad is ill ssi-nlj except erst, c rs?jv.`,> .is uhiefc tbs dieocee nnxi ts . other orgeat cad etssei tat Ooath of v'r.t csisal 6 stavbt aftw islesties. ' ( : j 1 ! ] *The .guinea pigs r*rt isfsetod trith toborelo bacilli. of tbe lo-Timloai Rj ctrsia. I-Uttu i 2 tcW* C sr2?sy or i&mssxs rnt ;ari.c k:j: o^er.'i'f *of /nv.? - ' '.yfc T.crc lsrfc,et?/..f K:s'w'r. After *iit,i_- Ag?.*Vt^buvs i-ce frt&rccs ~ ~ * "int julart ?i;j mn ii'jrfcji irixi ua^rclk iacilli cf t*:t 5.^ cirtio. V"it:- IUu.6 1. x-xiv Dirnumon pAnsis or ujlo ft, Stylo dust rtMind is Jaautry 1945, b, Kayla duet rtotlTod Is Jaautry 1949, Both pattens eestftia lias* rhieh rtprestat a naderate i^-ot of ehryeotlle ssd ef ealoite esd a call asatat of quarts, faist liaet reproaratief wbat it probably the hydrous esieiia silicate csspoaeat of Stylo are tits prottat is both pattoraa, Is tdAiti.ec, tte orielstl fils of pattern b eeataias ft otr7 troth line ccrreep^iis; to ftiaoilto but th* Hoe lo too feist to eppetr is the reproduced ptV.trr.. the quarts oostoat indicated by patters a it leoe this 1 per eeet ftsd by patten b, about 4 per cest  t VJ t l 5* Lap tissue &.*' 9 cisa pi; vrvcuC it? !J z.tztr.i is ht/la :\\:r. \ inhtlaties tad V.nrr billet, A eress stcuiea cf - brer.iAialc it j-.r; oheee tad alightiy ay th# lef; ef essssr of tfea fipsre, Ir.r th.?r t:c::s er tlooali, bass the d-si rattst risnir. tes 0.' tat: rr;*llc-r r?s:;t. t* th* right of the breovuJ.oic. Vac?*, saasas trt a.::re?;i!r2s; oucitetss jii*t e*lls, lU.to tint thiar.as* cf tfct vs?.i ef il.t brrr.t;.i:lt j i*; it rirtually ttarssi, as i: espsrcr.c or. cetetrissr. rith th: tleuiu tviilsu of aoraul sinJ.*. pig Jfis. C*. 1:; csbertosis has;.' ie ;:rcrcat sc *hi: fiald wd is raattled ia lij. v at Uightr tssseifiettics, (2?0 *1; ns. 4, High *a"nifier.tier of tin tissui eootisa thtn *: fj.g, Y.v.c higher eajcifier.ticx of port cf fei-.t field ;, 5 r?Tvt?.c r. ayylCii !zr.. of aebastotis bed;*, th: darlt curved vitactt^C ttree.uri to th* rjj-t eeater, (1209 r.) * fig. 5. Loa( tis*uo of e guinea pit* cr.eeief. :*cr il* car.tr.s a* Kir;,*; .`Ir.-.v: stbeetoe dust by luhAlr.aie.: usi thus billet'. Th* trvavhivi*. i'.-. tVYv :h>cr- eicrojrsab it just r.bvv* r;+ it tii-i U.*S of- c-.r.v.r. vv;s tit* v.v.v: - of it* well*. 5rra:.^t *.; s:Vr;-e .r* ve.-.*. v.vMr. :.. : this branehiole at vwll aj SL. .4; *** JiC. f- time cf t aenaal gv^vii: pis. V.iit fit-16 shsra rts li.-crt.;. j*v one is cross onetlea pi the right r ` *taxer tni tnc ether it. ierji'ir.ti:::.: *- Iho caall associated blood vest*! is visible above the fcrceehitl-i in a~ sal section. Cohere the thfelates <the veil c? tbsst bronchitis?. vie:; ;r.t thietoesi of vail of the-bronchioles in fist. 3, 5, end ?. Koto r.ltr th? eopty alveoli abd the thle alveolar veils in the acr&sl eaieal. (SCI* 1} fig. 7* less tissue of e Quines pi; espsiei for 3C eosths x Kcyle tna by lahslatioa tsd then hilled. Jr. this photeslcregrrpVi e `oronthieie it juil chose and to the right of eestor, 1'oto the thicknsoe cf the ticau? botra-.-e the lueen of the braaohiel* end the ltexn of the sdpaerr.t alrseli ir. eca* periooa vitb the this brmshioler trails In figr., 3 end t. JJstx cU: that t?.: grestly thlekoned bronehlolsr veils of the caiiccl exposed to tebaste: 6ur; for 30 eatha (fig* 5) ere eieiia? to those of thie seine1, or.aoasi to Ivyic dust for 3$ sonthe, Fiat ctrandc of fibrous tdesu* ero visible near tha .Venohielo la this photoaierogreph but they are nore eppsrest, bseeuse they ere less dents, io tbo sree et the right of the field there Jibratit fcr.a erteadod to edjseoot alveolar vails. (2W 2) Fig. 0. twig tissue of e rst exposed fer 16 cesths to neyio'dust by irhiiuti tad thea killed, the photeaieregrsph reseda rls-.le aaevtiulatic.; of call:. la elseoll, 7b* cyteplasft ef thv cells is ottkc.u rixh p*.rtites cl dud. U-:: thet the elseol&r soptc, evon those* tf spseo* oer.tcini-j nuncrouv tiv:: c.ii:. ue tfcia aaddolieU,A UtS.f.l.......... ... Fig. f. Lung tissue ef a guises pir iafeeted -ith attenuated turtnle bu*;n end icsadistcly oxpsjad to Zayie dust by lehalctlea for 24 ntst.-.t, as.i then killed, the figure 1 n slightly sagslfied phetejreph ef the rsutlr.e hi stele`i: prestratisa of th* lungs, including beth lw*s frea tprt w sue. Th; elusttr ef dark feel ef irregular eutiles is the loser eestsr (ssdias lobe) tsi at the right (left caudal lobe) are fast ef ectiro spreading tubereulorie, Tec vidtly. distributed einuta dark fesi are esrsly lyccehaii eell olurtors snd arc usrcltts: to the lafoetioa. The extent ef the teaereulous u-i ;irity is sees ta be oasoaii: ljr cull. ,(1.5 X) Fig, 19. lung tissue ef a guinea pig isfeetsd eith attenuated tvtercls bacilli end left in cleat eir for 2 heaths, thaa ajjpaesi for 12 ae*Jtfca to Sej*le dust by inhalatlaa, eei killed. The dark seas, irregular U outline, la th* left upper queerest (right eepbalie lobe) is ea area ef eeties spreading tutreulo:ix. . ratHer but sisiler focus ie risible at tkt lersr esrgin of the Is ft cephalic lebe. Agala, ee in fig. 9, the extent of the tuberculous preeess is very etU. (1.5 7.} *lg. 11. lung tissue ef e guisee pig etpeaed to Reylo duet by inhaletier.- for 5 eonthc, then infected r.ith attenuated tuserele bacilli and exp*** to tht dust aa eddlticsel 16 ftonthc, end killed. The ms-.crout poerly-stfineO dsrl: sea; Irregular In outline, ere all eitet ef active, spreading tuberculous disease, tubereuleue lnrelvescnt exhibited in this photograph is tht east errtenciv* r.ett la tny enisel killed durieg the experiment. The isTolressnt ie relttirsly elit la comparison with the progression nhieh assure ia eristic er.potsd to qur.rt: dv under einilar esad'tiens) ia fnet, ell ef the esiisalo closed to guertz dust r.c have died within 5? oer.tbs after iefecties bxecuae ef al%ast servlet; loss ef funetiealftg pulaeaary tissue. (2.5 1? .