Document RVrrEaaeVdYGJQzoaEYROybz

FILE NAME: Avondale (AVD) DATE: 1967 DOC#: AVD103 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Transactions of the National Safety Council < 1967 CONTENTS OFFICERS p. 5-20 CEMENT. QUARRY_, MINERAL, OFFICERS p. 31-33 CHEMICAL OFFICERS p. 39-41 ARTICLE: COAL MINING SECTION - IMPORTANCE CF DUST CONTROL p. 3-c pneumoconiosis p. 3--5 ARTICLE: COAL MINING SECTION - WHAT THE CDAi_ INDUSTRY IS DOING TO CONTROL DUST p. -8 S i1 dUSt p Zi silicosis and other respiratory ailments p. 3 COAL MINING OFFICERS p. 3-32 ARTICLE: CONSTRUCTION SECTION - OCCUR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY p. 21-25 lung cancer -.n asbestos insulators p. 21 asbestosis, asbestos dust, asbestos spray computer output of lung cancer in asbestos -EAL' P .sul at or s p IN THE 4 CONSTRUCTION OFFICERS p. 53-SI ELECTRICAL OFFICERS p. 14, 15 CLASS, CERAMICS. "LEBER, -'LASTICS OFFICER e INDUS 'RIAL UFr I:.Er:E p 1 - cW*sWr *-ww LABOR SAFET'' OFF _ I F F ^ m w-n'rO*. f ^ MARINE CFF MERS -I-M METALS OFFICERS p. SS-3S ART IC_Z : MINING CEI"ION - "HE MIN pulmonary dusts p. silicosis p. T " ~' * NO H M ENVIRONMEN" 4-1S M IN T-G G A M E R S p. c^, 55 PLAIN TIFFS EXHIBIT A35L P-N SC-29 V-SV: ' S t e * * 3^--2tt!S*$rari > W i s ^ s s ^ i a H LAN NO W TO ATTEND THE NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / CONRAD HILTON HOTEL, CHICAGO The Congress is always a big week, a worthwhile week for the 13,000 safety people who attend. At the '60 Congress you can meet other safely pcoplo, with the same problems and responsibilities as yourself. You can exchange views and ideas on accident prevention, (health, hygiene, and fire prevention . . . on safety in industry, traffic, school, at home and on the farm. You can see the largest of all safety equipment exhibits at the Congress . . . an opportunity for you to make wellinformed buying decisions for your company. This four-day educational program, planned and pre sented by the National Safety Council, can be your most thought-provoking, most worthwhile safety expe rience in 1968. Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and bring the other people in your organization who have safety responsibilities. FUTURE CONGRESS OATES 1968 October 28 31 1969 October 27 30 1970 October 26 29 1971 October 25 28 1972 October 23 26 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60611 is ) National Safety Council OFFICERS--! 967-68 (.'/mi(umili, Honni o f Diieeinr.v--A. S. Ais iu n , Issnutivc Vi r I'n d dent, American Telcplrotic ami Telrnraph Company, Now Ai-il>. New York President--lIowAttn Pvi.E,t President, National Safely Comic il, (In cago, Illinois Vice President for Farms--Noiiman C. Miniiiuim, Diieeliu, Nalion.il 4-11 Service Coininiltee, Inc., Clilcii|;o, Illinois Vice Piesident for Finance--J. II. Kciiw aiiitn, Isseenlix n Vim Pi- i tieni, Oily Products Ooi|ioi;ilion, Chlcni'n, Illinois Vice Piesitlciit for Homes--t. ll.T v i.iir M<:< !u:;m i i.. Pn .ilcnl, U -!. ware Trust Company, Wilniioi'lnn, Dclawaic Vice President for Iiii/im(i |/--II. S. M<:I''aih..\nii, D im lor ol iVisunu-l Services, (encrai Motors Cm poralion, Del mil, Michiyun Vice President for Labor--A nnum P. C lim a , .Seeielaiy-TieaMiiei. United llrewery Workers, Cincinnali, Ohio Vice President for Menibersldii--IIciiman J. Seoi.ni n, Canlielil, Ohio Vice Piesident for Motor Tionsiiortation--II.muiy K. I'ni'i i:nnn. .'v i.i .1 Executive Vice President, I'ruelianf Corporation, Dfinit, M lo'" oi Vire Piesident for Proilnrtlon --I loon C nniis, I ).m, St I.... I ni I..... nallsin, Drake llniveisily, Des Moines, Iowa Vice Piesident for Public Infoi motion - John J. Kaum., Vice I'si<I* ol. Director of Special Projects, CUS Television N etunil:, l.'ew :I-. New York Vice President for Public Safety--llonicnr A. Oi.i:n, Vice Previdi ol. Car Wood Industries, Irte., Wayne, Michigan Vice President for Melisions Leaders--Ishwin D. C aniiam , Isilitm in Chief, The Christian Science Monitor, Postoti, Massachusetts ) National Safety Council ) (O jjkcn, continued) Vice I'm id vn t fin He.winc/i-NonviN C. Kiiniat, M.D., Chief Medimi Director, The K<|iritnblc Life Assillante Society of the United : SI.ili s. N ru Ymk. New ATnk j V u e l 'i c d c n t jot Siliootb o m l College*--Du. D c w r v I'1. I t s m c n , 1'ies- j ident, Detroit Institute of Technology, Detioit, Michigan Vici: l'icsiilciil Iin Shite ami I,tit al Saldi/ Oitiaiti:ntit>ii\~C. IIUNlEli ( iitl.lA', Vice ITesidenl, .Siinlliein Hell Tele|ihniie and Tclcgiapli Company, Louisville, Kentucky Vii/- i'ii\iilcut /in T n i l l t r Hi ii West, Attorney, Nashville, Tennessee Vice I'lc.sii/eiif Im Women -Mas. llon.u:r. Dawson, Illinois Slate Legislator, livanston, Illinois Vice Vrcvdcnt or Youth Activities--At. ex A. M ai.eski, Associate Dileeloi Viogiain Sei\ices, Hoys' Clnhs of Anieiica, New Yoik, New Yoik L u r u th c Vice Viesidcnt--John D. L.voi.uii, lixceolivo Vice l'rcsident, National Salety Council, Chicago, Illinois S trid u li/ anil 'JV onm er-H . L. Imminey, Secietaiy and Tieasiner, Na tional Safety Council, Chicago, Illinois % ! Absiitant T ienm ici--). D. Imilioiid, Director, Treasury Division, Na- \ tional Safety Council, Chicago, Illinois 000615 / National Safety Council TRUSTEES-1967-60 Cliiilniinii of Ihr 'l'iin/<m--llt>wAiui I'w .i, l'i 1 < -il. Naim,,.I . i Council, Chicago, Illinois Vice Chairman of ific 7'rii.vlccv~A. F.. l'i:m.M \s, I'icnuIciiI. 1'iiin C: n tral, New Ymk, New Ynilc Members A. S. Ai.ston, Executive Vice I'lcsulent, Ann iii an Teli |il.... . a n l Telegraph Company, New Yotk, New Yoil: ( lix-tllficin) E. H. Baii.ky, {'resident, Union l'aeifie Hailroad Company, Oman.i. Nebraska Mioi.vin II. Dakkii, llouoriiiy Clmirnmn, Nalinnal Cypsinu i"i>n>| Buffalo, New York H, Haiiki.ii, Cliairinau, 1'1'G Industries, tin-., I'ill-.hui c.l', I'<ni: . I- i ilia Mns. Oi.ivk A. Dkkcii, I'rrsidcnt ami C.liaiiman, IVcili Aiici.ill <'* i i . Wlcliita, Kansas CiiAiu.iis Dana UiiNNtrrr, Washington, D. C. | IIahoi, Blancku, Former Chairman, Cclancse Cnipniation of Am i- I lea, New York, New York i s D. W . Biwsnan, Former Cliainnan, Southern Bailway Svsteiu. h j ington, D. C. i i W ai.I i:JI ). ItOliKI-:, .Sccielar)'-i trasn rci, Unileil Stei Iwoil.' i < <>l Aue ' 1 ica, 1'ittslrmfill,IVinisylvania I WaI.II-.II I'-. Cami:v, I'leslilenl, Aillontnliile C a iii'i'. hit , Mini. Ii l.i | Kail j josia'il F. (.'o il.man, .lior, (.'liairiuaii, l'luli|i M uni., ,|. I : New York, New York J. Doyi.k DeWitt, Cliairnian, 'I lie T raveins, I l.n Ihn d, Cnmu <i i- el M a ti o n ci I Safety Council iTim Coi, nmlilliicil Hi s m i i . Di.Yousi:, < Alerou, Ohio Condyear Tin- i\ Itiliilt*r Company, k iM i-io s D unx. Ch.iiiman of the llo.iid, Alll'.X (Imputation, New Volt, New VmI; li vi ti i I'. m ' P o s i . P i n i lui, li. I (In Pont (lo N'itimins e C o m p a n y , liti . \ \ 111111I",I11, I '( I.IW.tl C * T M. li v (Ns, Cli.ili tu (il. (II.me ( I o , Non Voile, N on Volli l i i m i s II C o l l , PieM'deiit, Uniteli S(.ilc*v Situi (loipoi.ilion, l 'illsInutili, l'i imsylv.niia li. lini. im i l l u u u u i s , llimoii llinlhris llemimem .imi Com pany, New Vmk, New Volt | I li no, Chaiiman ol Ilio Jloaids, I lio Continental In-nuance Comp.niios, New Vmk, New Yoik Wn.i.n.M A. I l l u n i , Cliaiinian, Duci e- & Company, Moline, Illinois CnvNi Ki i un. \ iee (Iliaiiiiiao, The liipiiliilile l.ile Assiti ance Sneirly ol Ila- United States, New Mnk, New York I | t \ t l \ It kin o , l'iosidoiit, Al ( o ( Ini poialioo, New Voi!., New Volle Io n s' It. l i i M i o m ji . k m ilieily -C l.u k (Im p u tatio n , Noi itali. W moiiwii Josu-ii L. Manii-.i), Chairman, West Point-I'cppeicll, Inc., West Point, Ceni gi S i a n i i .v I .i:aiini:ii, Viie Cliaiiman, Phillips Petnileiiin Cniup.iny, llarlloiiillo, Oklahoma liliMCMi I'. Maii i ik, Chairman, llethleliem Steel Clin poratioo, llelhlehem, Pennsylvania J. A. M.u i i i n o , Clieiiiman, Niitional Uc.itl Company, New York, New Yoik IIions' M amin, Jh,, (Ihaiiiiieio, Union Caihide Cmpmation, New Vmk, New Yoik Ni il. Mi III n o r , C h a iim ao , Ilio P u n i e r & C.imhlo Com p.ini', Cineinnati, Ohio i ) Notional Safety Council ) I I'llI l<4 I 'l.l'N !.. '! Iti mil I S. OlU.MAN, ( lliniininii, T in ' National C.r.li Mip.i-.lii j.iii|i n . . . D atino, Oliin A. 1C. I'khi.man, I'icxident, IVim Cential, NViv Yntk, New >mk O. L. I'hii.i.ipit:, Cliaii mail of tin* Hoard, C iurm i 1-li t liii- f imp.m*.'. New Voik, Now Vink IIhwaiiii I'vi.i:, l'icsid rn t, National S a lile Cniimil. ( II .ip.ii, Mini, i (ICx-OIRcio) J. M. Itoi.m:, i'icsidcnl, General Motors Cmpm.itimi. l)i lia it, Mii l-i l'un II. 1. Romnks, CCliaiimao, Anici lean Telephone mil Tclem apli Ci inlitiny, Now York, Now York It. S. Stevenson, Clmirimm, Allis-Clialmcis Nlaiinr.n. tin Int* t . n . Milwaukee, Wisconsin Dn. John l`\ T hompson, Honorait Cltuiinian, 'Ilio Iutil nalii m.il Nickel Company, Inc., New York, New Yoik Lynn A. T ownsend, Cliairiiiiiti, Clnysler Cnipniatinn, Di Itoli, M li, l'an M. J. W aiiniii k, ('l in o n i .m, Ainislinn", Coll I n.nip.ini. I .le i t i . rcnnsylvniiia John L. W einiieiio, Partner, Collimali, Sacks N Coinpaiiv. NVw L il.. New York lhiN ii:a 1'. W iiaiiion, Cenerai l'reslilent, Iulcinaliitii.il Union.ol *M' n atio n F.ni'lnecrs, Washington, D. C. Hiim iir W. Wooimni r, Cli.iirmaii, l'inanee Committer, Tin- O h a Cola Conipany, Atlanta, Ccni|>la M. A. Wnioiii', Cliairiiian ni Ilio Hoard, 11111111111' Oil k lli liniiii; Com pany, II<'us,JBSP|OT' ' A'v"i'-.- ! 0 0 0 GIG M ! t National Safety Council { I : II \ ! : BOARD OF DIRECTORS-! 967-68 It : Chnirintiu of the Donni of D h tvlors--A , S. A l s i o n , K\ecutivc Vice | : I'icsident, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, New I I Ytnk, New York ; Vicc-Chnirman of the Doniti of Directors--Dn. Dcwey F. Baiiich, ! President, Detioit Instituli; of Technology, Detroit, Michigan Members j I'.nw \iit S. A d a m s , D mciUm o f N.ifii)-, Ihum Kami Uuu*un# l)rs ! Moines, Iowa j Wii.i i.\M It. Ani.sis, I'irsideiit, St. lirais Papi r Company, New York, : New Ymk ! Unni ni II. Ai.iussint, Safety Cooidinalor, Cm pin ate Personnel Rein- 1 timis, Merck & Co., Inc., Hallway, New Jeisey I i Com: A. Ai.u:s', Vice President, Ainicon Mutual I.ialiility Insurance | Company, Wakelicld, Massachusetts j A. S. Ai .ston, executive Vice l'rcsidcnt, American Telephone and ; Telegraph Company, New York, New York ; Suini.v Ai.i human, President, Alternimi Transport Linos, Ine., Miami, ! Florida . ; j D uiii.kv Aftmiv, Manager, Moti ripulitali NewOilcans Safety Council, [ New Oilcans, l.nuisiaiia Richaud W. Aykiis, Managing Director, Metropolitan Safety Council, Denver, Colorarlo Dn. Di.wt.y F. Haiiicii, I'lesitlenl, Detioit lnsliliite of Teclmiiliigy, Detioit, Micliigait 1 F. It. Hminako, Manager of Com|iensationand Safety, lletldelieni , St>a I Coi por,itimi, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania M. F. Hi\Nt .\noi, Manager, Safely ft W oikmen's Compensation Scrv. u is, Allis.Cli.tlim is Maiinfaeluring Company, Milwaukee, Wiscrm. sin Dn. Riciiaiiii VV. Bisiioc, Associate Professor, Physical education De partment, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida Fnw.uin J. Hock, Vice President, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Mis souri Hoinair F. Howcus, Director Personnel Relations, Chrysler Corpora tion, Di'ti oit, Michigan Council llh iiin l ii/ Dil i rli ii iiii'liiM" 1 C aIIIIOI.I. \V. HoyCK, Chief l'alitor - 'Irrt tlw n ei lllll. In-.. New Ymli. New Ymk M. i ') O aKSAII ItllANCIIfNI, Maitacn f Teelinir.-ll S e n i r r s , '||n - I'..piit i(-I. Life Assurance Society of the United States, New Ymk, N< w Yml. C'l.AllK I). Illtmocs-, Maiia^int! D iiirlo i, Imlusliial Mrilir.il .V.mm ialimi. Cllicayo, Illinois llussi:u. I. IIhown, Hockvillc, M ankind | a m i:s (). lioiu'U. Piesidenl, lauirs Itnipo Insinam , Im ., Seeianii in.i ( .'alifomia ' 11aiioi.i) llunsoN, Pirsident, Minson-Maislelli i A.smh i.ilrs. Kn;, Yml. Now Yoik C l.avion I). C ai.kins, Manai'ei, Safety (< IVr.mmel, t '.n d .*I.* . Truckiiii! Cn., San Fianeiseo, Calilniiiia IsnwiN 15. Caniiam, Lsdilor in Chief, Tin; C.lnislian Seiem r Mm.il.a Boston, Massachusetts W ai.thk F. Caiii;v, President, Aiitomnliilc C a u iris Im;., Flint. Miilii Kil' Ai.i.kn' L. Coiiii, Director of Imliistrlal Safely, F.nstm.iii Kod.il: Com pany, Hocliester, New York Dll. SliYMOUIl J. CoilKM, Till! Austin Kniet S> nnr,o|'tie, ( .hi< a|<n, llliine John T. CuM.tim, Special Projects Officer, I .(-(d-datimi and I'nldie M fairs, U. S. Department of lleallli, K dtualion and Welfare. Wadi 11(11011, I). C. Paw. II. CoNNHI.I.HV, United ltmtln*llini<I of C.tipenlcis and I' i in of America, Washington, D. 0 . Dll. John I). Connoiis, l'.xeeutive Sericlaiy, Committee on Ndel; Oecii|iational lleallli, Ameiicnn Fcdeialinn of l.almi and </.neu of Iiidnsttial Organizations, Washington, D. C. . John' M. Counu:, Vice President fm I'nMn Itelalinns, Nation d ' ciatlon of Jlioadeaslers, Washington, I). C. IsiiNtssr 0 . ('ox, Deputy Diieilor, llnie.in n( Motor C..r,ii- i Sal l> Federal Highway Administration, Washington. D. f.' II. Is. CiiAwrono, Vice Presidnil, (enei.il Mntms (.`oipi>ialn a I ' tioit, Michigan . Jambs M. CiiawiNorlli America, gor Vice President; jUiln, Pennsylvania ' '{ . j llurai is. Cunris, Moines, fowa liool of Journalism, Drake Unlviei -its, I' 000617 ) National S tiff-.'iy C o u n c i l llliniiif of Dinvfm s, cim(iutu'il) { Dii. C. F n v /u ii Damuon, I'rolcssoi of Safety Education, Sellimi of | Education, Tlic University of Wisconsin, M.idison, Wisconsin : M. II. D aiii.incton Jn., Managing Diicclor, Auto Industries Highway | S.ilrty Committee, Inc., Washington, D. C. : II. C. D aui/ion, D i m tor of S.ilely, l.onisvillc & Nashville (luihoad i (U), Louisville, Ki n ln ik y : I.. II. Dams, Vice I'irsideiil Cicnci.il Mait.igt-i, Deli-use Pinginms : Division, (icncr;il Hlcetiic Company, Washington, D. C. ; Ilow Mai mk Belli: Davis, Judge, Mcliopolitnn Court of Dade : County, Miami, Fionda { Mils. IIoiiaci: D awson', Illinois State Lcgislatm, Evanston, Illinois | W i t l e s s |)i: l.o!" n/ o Vi i I'r- ->'! r! C.--:,- : d M'-t.ir- C - p r i t i o n , \t . l i . . Io ' ! ' - . .. : Vision, Dcci'e N Company, Moline, Illinois ; *<> I'iii.oiciiick J. Doiison, Assistant Vice l'rcsidcnl, Libri ty Mutual Insur ance Compiyiy, Boston, Massachusetts ' r : " ' : - v '* Largar. D iisu .n A.^Doki'.i.ow , M.D., Assisr.mt D in .tu :, ; >-. p..itiiiMil o( O h; niuoity Incallii and Health Education, Anici ican Medicai Assuention, Chicjagn, Illinois Issili.i: F. nu Foni', Director, E. 1. dii Pool de Nemours & Coinii.ui). Ine., Wiliiiiiigtini, Dclawaie I James 1\ Fconomos, Director, Trallic Coiti t l'iiigiam, Anici ican Ibi Assuciation, Chicago, Illinois (ili Mi ll s \V. Fi iici'siin. Senior F.ditoi, 'Ilio Hc.ulci's Digest, l'Irasnnt\ die. New Voi! I). M. Fi ni .ossi in, .Siipciinlrinlciil ol Salcty - IVi sonai Lines, Natili;'wide Insili ance Company, Coliimhu.s, Ohio Ai.vin M. Funsi, Jli., Vice Picsident, -llich's, Ine., Atlanta, Gcoigia A. C. l'na.D, Jii., Manager, Pulilie Alfaiis, W CN Continental Broailcasting Cmpni.itinn, Chicago, Illinois Mauiiice F isciieii, Assistant to th Editor, Chicago Daily News, Chi cago, Illinois I > National Safety Council ) t l i l H I I t t h / / ) i l # f / u t \ , I t t i i f i t '.'i ' I / I). I.mvi-n.l. II. Fisiie.n, Coordinatili (if School 1'iiivt i-ity I td .i ti.- . University of Illinois, Uihnnn, Illinois Dll. A. 1?. Fl.oino, I'tofi'ssoi' of Safely F.due.ilimi. Pcp.tilinciit el Health mid Safety F.diieution, Univeisity ol lllinnis, <'li.<mp.ii.n Illinois :i! PaiNikolwm YCo.rkFo i.si-:, Safety Advisor, Moliil Oil Cm poi .ilion. New A>iI ICdcaii J. Foino, Thu Coon Cola Com|>nny, Atlnntn, I nipi.i 11ahy 1C. F oui.kiiod, Senior ICxccntive Vir o PicMilent, I'molinnf <mporntion, Detroit, Michigan Mns. John C. Fuwlkii, Nnlionnl Vico Cliiiiin:in of Yolnnti ois. Ilio Anici lenii Nnlionnl Hod Cross, Washington, I). C. Wia.iiv M. FiiaNiy, President, Fastelli hApiess, Ino., Tono lim ile, In dinoti John W. C iiiiions, Dii odor of l'iililic llolnlinin, Antninnlire S.iMi Foiindnlion, Washington, I). C. * j! Aim iun F. C ii.i>i:a, Scorctnry-Tioasiinr, United Hic.voiy W ioL i -. ! Cinoinnnti, Olilo t i Itinu-arr 1C. Cocki, Vice President, Safely S Honnl.iloiy U rlatim i, I Croylioiind l.inos. Ino., Chieni'o, Illinois : C koiici-: L. C oiouj.i,, Manayrr, Personnel S n i d i , Monsanto Cinnp.ini. St. I .unis. Missioni D an I). C owings, Assistant Professor, Soliool of llrallli, l 'hysionl ICiIiicntiun and Recreation, Indiana State University, T ono llanto, Indi ami W m . Paul C iiay, National ICwcntivo Soerelniy, Filimi F.inmi-. "I America, Dopalimen t of Health, ICduention, nini Wilfnu-, W.i .liii.i; i ton, D. C. C. lluNil-ai CluacN, Vice Prosidont, Southern Hell Telephone and 11lo. : l'inpli Cooipnny, l.ooisvillo, Kontnel.y (liiiAiin O t inn I IN, Mnnnpei, llu /.n d Cnnlml, III.n o l n poi al ino, l'ittslnirnh, Pennsylvania Hr.v. Honour A. Gir Seminary, St. Louis Sam uli. R. G uaiiii, K and Chietino Daily iiootor of Soinioais Helolinu 91 laikeliiip Iteseaioh, C Illinois '' d!, -`I in' * Hoy 11muslro, Chic timi, Detroit, Michi , aiQ ,Q 0 ( 3 'V (H cl,r' ^ w ,|i" " 1 d i ,, ) National SvJ Jet/ Council (llimiil 0/ l ) i n \ h m , roiitinucdi l iiu u n i II. H ii.i.m rs, InlriiiatKiiul S.ilrly llt-jta.nl.ilisr, Inliin.itional Association ol l'iie l 'iylilcis, Cim.iini.iti, Oliio \ u n u n A. I I w s in , Scciclaty, Tlic Haitiiml Iiismamc Clnmp, llnitlonl, ( 'oom-ctii nt llt um nt K II.mici.ii. President, l'ulilic .Senke Uooidinulcd Ti.inspmt, Maplewnod, New Jersey II. M. llani.M W , Assistant Manager ol Ciiiii|H'iis.ition and Salety, llctlilelieni Steel Coipoialion, Hetldeliem, l'ennsylvania \u ii iii I,. II.UTK, Diicctoi, Salety .uni l'nlilic lU-l.itions, Tianspoitation Undci wiilers, Ine., Indianapolis, Indiana I>vn11:1. I \ 1Iavi:n, Cliief, Indiisliial Salety N l'ire i'iotection liraneli, United States Atomic IT.ueii!) Coinniission, Washington, I). C. Kolli.tu C. II cnijov, Vite l'iesident, Indnstiy Allairs, HliA Ksprc.ss, New Yotk, New Yoik Itnssi t i. K I I i s i o n , Diicctoi ol l'uigoirrtiog, Crinnell Mnlnal Iteinsiti.nu e Company, ( a iniiell, Iowa W. C. IlK w nr, Senior Vice President, Phillips Petroleum Company, Hai tleseille, Oklahoma Do x a u i M. JlnaaN.s, Diic-ilm, Health and Saicty Sei vice, National ( .`oniieil, lloy Scouts of Ameiiea, New llrnnswiek, New Jersey i Itr. Itr-.v. Msrai. (a:oMa-: C, lln aan s, Diicitor, Drpailmcnt of Soeial Actioo, National Catholie Weliarn Coiilcreiicc, Washington, 1). O. Du. Ki .sNrtii Ilii.inmtsNii, Minister, The Central Clnireh ui Cliieaito, Chicago, Illinois josKt'il H. Ilo o si.il1, Attorney at Law, llogsett, Shallcr & Itoukei, Kan sas City, Missouri Du. JiaiOMti II. I Ioi.i.ano, President, llamptini Institute, llampton, Viigiuia Du. G aiiolo D Oklahoma I I o l v iin i:, Piesident, l l a u m e College, Mnskogec, l 'i u i . J. I lnoveti, Vice Piesident, T h e Halle Ilms. On., C.'le ve land, Oliio W. C. H oltio n , Piesident. lins Hiiitiin lut , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 1 ui o I Ii 'i .i i n . Canpoialinii Diii'ilm ol Peisonnel, `Ihe lJoeing Cmnpatn, Seattle, W.islinn'.lnn II. M I Iun i ini. i o \ , ( .einial Supri vism , Salety, liileiiiation.d Ihnvester Company, Chicago, Illinois l I I i National Safety Council ) (Ihuiut of l ) IH*( f*MS, r*'tlf ! I* - I ; I: : i 3 I I ! I I : !: : I 3 3 ! !3 i 3 I ! t3 f ! Miss IIi i i i i |i \vi:i.i., Muti- Mu-.ii- ( Imr.iill.iiil, M.iti I J< | ............ri .1 Public Insti llction, ltnlcigll, Notili Carolino Paio, II. lollANsr.N, Piesidrnt, Crollai Mutui I .ini s. Ch.iih'lt*-. \ - i'Ii Carolina Paul V. Joliht, M.D., Depuly Stilli; & C.'ininty llc.dlh Olfirir, U'.i.liinglmi County Department of Ilrnlth, llagcisltm u, Maiylmitl T. l.AWttiiNcr. J onks, Piesidcnt, Aiheiican Insili.imi- , \ s mu i,itimi. Ne-v Ymk, New Yoik Cianici-; I.. Judy, President, lliliiiiiinuns Coal Opri alms' Asso.-i.iti.-<. Washington, D. C. Wn.UAM I,. Kani)|-:i., Policy Associate, Imlnstiial Itelatiniis D epot mcnt, Nnlinmil Associatimi nf Manufacturers, New Ymk. New Imi- James L. Kaiins, Adiiiiiiisliator, Divisimi nf Motor Vehicles, Wiscuii-iii Motor Vehicle Depot Intent, Madison, Wisconsin John J. Kaiioi., Vice P ic sid cn t, D ircctm of Spci-ial l'm jccls, CHS I - 1 vision Network, New Yoik, New Ymk Auii-arr li. Kei.i.ey, l'cdeud Highway Adininisliatimi. \\'a-liini;liiii. I C. Niiiivin C. K iia in . M.D., Chief Medicid Din i Im, Ile Kipiil:ibi" t Assurance Society, New Ymk, New York D ii. D enis j . K icin, Assistant Dean of l'Aleusimi, Ai /.mia Stale Cui verslty, Tcnipe, Ai zona Kia iii Kiiiki'aiiiick, Associate l-'aiin Diu-etm, W ild llioaili .islim; Company, Des Moines, Iowa l,, W. Knapi', Jn., Chief, Accident Prevention Section, Institute of .V: ricultnial M edielne.The University of Iowa, lowaC.ily, lim a Wi-aiNt:u C. Knoop, Picsidcnt, The llaldwin Coinpany, l.itlh lt.il.. Arkansas j : i j i j : i ! ; ) Nctnonctl Safefy CoUtlCI IIUxi kI nf D i n r t o n , (oiilinttrd) |\ \ s !. I tC tm i, S.tlrfv Ihu-ilot, rutilam i ( `rim iti A.vmh ialino, ( !li* iiii tois C. I? Li MiiN, D im ln i u( Sdititi} Ttanspoil.ilit!, New M r\k n Stale 1)t (xi>I un-ut il Klm alino, Santa I'V, New Metti u P u n i r I.i m \. l'iosiiK'iit. 'D ir riiilip I.r.sb C o m p an y . C i m a l o , Illinois D own B. Loc kl, Vice Pii sulcnt, Texas Cmplow is* Instii.iriu* Associat itili, i ) iii.is, 'r*v.is ) \ vi i s | | ot sin \, Sopri ni tei ideo!. I Imi ili*11 f un n ditf > Il itili Srl limiN ititi }omoi Cnllr-m Illinois W i u i x m II l . o w i , Vii e Piesidctit ;iite! I t e a s ttie i. In).imi S t i r i C o m pany, ( Inc.ii'o, Illinois I. oi is l*\ l.irx s . l\\i*i nii\i* tri to'. iVtlinn:il Hill* Assm ialino ol \tm iit.t, Washington, D C. l ( o \ . ( ! i i i \ i i )i m , (>'. M u 11 w a m ., l u ti l e . Cominoti P lra s Canni, la i r a s ( aiuole, T oltilo, ( ))iio W. C M \ t i \ i o s i i , Manai^ii, l . n y t m c u n p D r p .n lim - n i, Hit* ( b u l in i t i In.Mii.Mirr C io n p , i\t \v Yoik, New Yotk At.t.x A. Ma u .sk'i, Asseti i.ilr D iicrto r, l'iof'r.iin S r i vii rs, !lo\V Clulw ol A m n i e a , N ew Voile, N ew Ytttk HtniAiti) I1!. M.\im. \ m , I'h.I)., O livi, lnjm y (am im i Pioyiain, U. S. Public Ile.\ltli Sci vice, C tnuunatt, Ohio Miss M muo.v )- M \ i i i i n . ( loininissioiit'r ol 1.abiti ami t n d n s tiy , Stale o| Mante, Ain'.n.sta, Maino i K. O M \ i i ih ks, to t, D .wmhi, ol .Sviente ami Trelinolnny, Anici- itali IVtiolenm Institnlc, New Vnik, New York Mms. M v i i jo u n : li. May, Diletto!*, Kditcalttm aio! ! Ionie Dm.sinn, (teatri N ew Voile Salely Ctnincil, Ine., N e w Yoik, N e w York } II. T w in Mr C onni m , Piesidenl, Oelawaie 'riusi Company, \Yilmint*ton, Drlawair llmioKs M< Coumk K, I'.vcvhIm- Vice P irsidrnt, Iiiteniatioual Hai\esita Company, C im alo, Illinois IWmr.iM r . M ('nii)V, P irstdent, NYwpoil S u p p lv (.'nmpaiiv, Costa Mesa. Calilo) nia K. C. Mei*' vuoi I )allas, Texas II. S. Me I; aiu. \ no, D i t e d o r of IVt.sonnrl S e m r r s , C e n c i a i Motois ( ali p o n t i n o IV iotti, M idtiya n : : National Safety Council ) (iioilid I>1 / >iici for >, r difilli !)ti. Iti >sn . M i T'aio.anii, ( ii|:)!<iilii im l'iuli v.ui'ni Ai i n . p i l i II* ..Iti. imi Siifety, lliin irci Sellimi uf l 'illilie llr.iltli, lltisliin. M.usiliIiiim tt* Thomas C. M i C imiii:, Tiesidciit, lndiislliid Imlrmiiity C u in p .im . S.m l'i;iii( is<.o, ('ili!ornili | a c :k MoI.auc.iii.in, United Steglwoilccis l.ocul 1(11 I .C .i i i . Iiuliiiii.i I3h. IIaiiold Mendklsoiin, Professor mul I>iire.toi uf Itesi-ih li. SM.'i I uf Cnniinniiiciilinn Aris, University of Oenvrr, I V i n n , t'nlni.ulii Vincii, J. Mi-.yi-.iis, Compiili)' S.tfely U n o to i, W isli-m I'.Ii i Iiii f.uui l>:iny, Nrw York, New Yoik Nohman C. M iniiiium, Diicctnr, Niiliniiitl l-ll Si iv ier ( xmimilli . Ine., Clilengo, Illinois Imimonii J. Moni:i:o .v, I3 im ln r, W ater Siifety, Tlie Aineiii .ni Niiliun.il Iteli Cioss, W ashington, I). C. Mits. Ciiaiu.o i i i : Monioomiiiy, Coiiliilniting l-'.dilni, Comi IImi - s1 looping Magnziiie, Westli'ld, New Jersey I i T iIomas Mlililiil.l., Vive l'iesident, Stille l*'si in Mntn:il Aliti nm *1 r Iiisiirance Company, ltlooinlngton, Illinois li. l'iilvlilCllIC Mlillliow, Vice l'ie.siilent. llunk ni Auletica, New Yml., New York A. il. Muneiiv, Niitinn:il Diieelor Siifety Si n iees, 'f In- Aiui iioni N.i tinniti Iteci Cross, Washington, 1). C. Ai .i.aN 13. M osoiuivk, l'iesidenl, IMI. l'ieight, lui-., Siili I .:<);<.* Cile, Utnli Imiwaiid C. M viiis, Vico lYcsfilent uni) Assisl.mt tu l'n .'.doni, I ti.it I States Steel Coiporation, l'iUshurgh, IVnosylvaiiin Amos M. Nl:viiAiee, Slitte College, IVnnsylviiniii H oiniir A. (ll.KN, Vice l'resiilent, Cnr Woixl linlnstiies, Ine., W .nir Michigan Ca it . I3aviii Oi.ivicii, tSCC, Cliiel, Hn:itilig Salde III.nuli, l init-.l Stilli s Co.ist Citimi, Washington, 13. C. Alt lIIMi Ci. l'illiY, C'.iiiiiiiiunieiitiotis Coordinalo!, The Nntioii.il Si u I' l'or Crippled Cliililteil itili! Adults, Chicago. Illinois V National S a fc ty C o u n c il I Ih',11,1 II/ /lin d m i. iiilllillllill) : |. S. (,)iii:i.ni:ii, Manager, Salci;' ami l''irr Pmlcitinn Divisimi, I'). 1. (In Pimi tli* N'eiunnrs & Company, Ine., Wilniiii|;liin, Delaivaic : | (1 II.mii i.il i k, Stipci\ sui, liulusliial Salci;- Sedioli, l imi Motor I Company, I)t';iiIilil. MitliiK.it) { P e l i l i K. Ili m SI ili i II, ( Ili.in ni.iit ol llic I llu n i, 11.iII ii111II i l ' t II 11111l ) : Ini ., 11ali iiII(m. ( lino ; M aio; Hoiii.m i s , Viic Picsidint, Yclltnv Tiansil l'iciglit l.incs, Ine., : Kansas City, M i^iuni : l`li ini, II. lini.i ns, Dii isiiin Vice PicMilciit. C r n t ia l T clcp lin n c Com- : pony, l.ns Vegas, N'evada { l u c i . Uhm ihiiMVII. K s c c iiliir Vice l'icsiilcnl. l'n ilc il l'.n n i Htiicnii l Mnin.il Insili.un e l iiMiip.niy, liuti,in.ipnlis. Iiiili.ina : Unni ni T. Uosa, M.milicslci. Michigan \ l-'.. M Howi.ry, Prcsident, Soiillicm Speciali;- Sales Cnmpaii)-, Ine., : Nevi Oilcans, I .nnisi.ina : Il min i v C. Ilussi.i.i ., Vice Prcsident, Planning, lYpsi-Cola Company, : N ew Ymk, N e w Yoik [ IC. II. llunipi.M , Vice Pii-siilcnt ami Diicctor Cisic Allniis, Chrysler : ('inparatimi, Delioit, Miclii|;an ; C. |-' Si in m i i n, l'.srciiliic \ 'ice l'icsiilcnl, l'.niplnycis Insili.ime al : Wans.ni, Wansati, W'iseansin i Kami. S111011./.1:, Snpci \ isiii/; Salci; I111;i111- -1, Slami.mi Oil Company : al C'alilai/ii.i, \ \ estoni Opeialians, Ine., San l'iam iv o, l inidonea j |. II. Srnw .yiirK , l-Aceiitise Vice l'iesiilent, City l'imlucts Coi poni- : limi, O lii.leu, Illinois : I iniini ia II. S m i n i , l l i i c i l a i , I lif. Iissav Tiallic S a l il e ( a n i c i , Miclii- i cali Siale Unii c is il ; . Kasl I ..uising, MI, liigan ; D o na m i J. S iii.iihoniiy, Vice Piesident, Indiislilal Hclalians, l'itts- | lutigli Piate Class Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania \ D ii. \V I I i m i v Siili 1 iNfaoN, l'icld S c c i d a i y , (ic n c ia l lln.ud ol l 'cn- : imi al lite M clliadisl Clim i li, Ki ansimi, lllinais : P laid II. Situi:, Assistant Scuclaiy, Pragrain Dei elapnieiit, Kiivanis : liilciiialianal, Chicago, lllinais : T. I.. Sii.Min .1.11. Picsidcnt, luteinaliaiial Assai ialini) of Mneliinists, j Washington, D. C. J H. S. Si.Mi'SON, Manager of Salety, Caterpillar T iaitor Co., Peorla, Illinois ls National Safely Council f/lltrllt/ l'f I till i Int . i o e l n ,*/ J aMKS M. Si.avin, Diieetm, Tinllie Institute, Ninlhwi s lim 1*nit<ii! I'.Ynnshin, Illinois I'l/Md. W. Sm iiiI, Fseclltive Vice I'lcsiilenl, ll.illininic Soldi Cuimi. 1 Ikilloniiif, Mniylnntl Dm. J im.ian W. Sm iiii, Diiccloi, Ontdom Film olinn .I'lnicd. ( i l l i 'i of Fdnealion, Miclii|;:iii Slide U im risily, K id I .ao-aiic., MmIno.mi S. I*'. Sl'KNCK, Dhcelor, Siifely mill l.ir,s-l'ie\riilinii, A nniiian IS illiillllill Company,,Wayne, New jeisi-y l 'i:m SlMl.i.en, United Aiiln W inkers l.neiil 5SH, Soulli I loll.m l. 1!!i- | unis I L.litlis I'. Sell'/., Fseentive D iieilm , Aiiieiliiin Asm iiilem nl I-I. . : Vehicle Adinhiistiatois, Washington. D. C. 11human j. Si'di.iii ii, Cmifield, Ohio W insi.o\v A. Staiii.i'., Itesiileiit Mmui('er, l.iluily Mutual lie tiru i'' Company, Spriii|{liel<l, Mas.saelni.setts EIt Wavnk I). Stai.HY, I'lesldent, The Diliimii Company, Ine., Il.nlnii. I: Ohio W.. F. S i nri-iNO, Dlreetor of S illily , C o iiin Cnipiiiatiini, S y i a i n - . New York F.dwahd W. TANgUAMY, ICIinlnirsi, Illinois : I Jamiss F. Van N amkh, Administrator Aceidenl I'levcnliori, We .tin-.- house Electric Corporation, I'ittslmr|;h, IVmisylsauia Miss C aiioi. Van S icki.i:, Public llel.ilions Drpnilm riil, The Cnnlim i:- 1 Ini lnsiirmiee Coiiipiinii s, N ew Voll;, New V01I: Dll. I'llliSloN A. VVaoi:, l'lofessor of Cli11i1 .1l S ni'piy, Coim II I ' n r , 1 sily Medical School, New York, New Yoik Mus. Hieltaim K. W aiiiii:n, Danf>oi, Maine CiiAin.iis A. Wiain, 1'ies Owners, Washini'tim, D. Miss Mahy M. W i:i:ks, 1' cation, C hi Scouts of tin York I Iowaiii) M. W eiss, Vice I' potation, Flushing, New V Hi n W i:sr, Attorney, Nnsliv jritinnal .\va*AMtinn ol i t i m S vt |)ccialist, Ile.iltli ami Safely il-Mj tales ol Anieiiea, New Veil,. N r" fSl'nhiQ.aii Q il^ y T a |ni|,ni( i,| '.t/.JS.....*!,. National Safety Council llloniil of Dhccloiv, coiiliiwcd) Miss I w in : It. M i ni wiy, M.l'.ll., Assist;nit Piolessor, School nf Plihlic 111 .11111, The Uuixcisily nl Ninth C.tinlilin, Chapel Hill, Ninth Cninlin.i | i lli'SM ii IV Whailon, Ccneinl Picsidcut, lnlnnational Uniiin of Opei* j .itiiii; l .'iinimvis, M'.isliiii|;toii, I). C. : (o oik.i. M. Win a ii rv, M l)., Senior Medical D im tor, Mctinpnlitnu i I.ifc 11011011101' Company, New Yoik, New Ymk j V i c t i m IS Win ii iiou.ni;, Direelor of Snfelv, Intelii.itioiinl llriitlieilinoil ! of Electrical Workeis, Wsisliitiiitoii, I). C. J l T. II. U 'u.kiwnon, Diieelor of Salrty, Depailineiit of the Army, [ M'.isluiittlon, D. C. ! S I. M ii.i .i \.mn, Saletv N File Protection laipincei, IS. I. tin Pont lie Nr moors & Company, Inc., Wiliiiint'lnii, Delaware 1 D n i i o i s ' I. \\ n i la msi iv , S11j h i i it 111i i 11, l i a i n i m ' anil S o l e l y , C l e v e - i.i iii I I i ansit S\ sli'in, t lie m *l.n n I, t lit in | l'\ It. W ii.i.niJv, Extension Salety Specialist, Depailuicnl of Attiiciil- | (oral lingineerinn, Purdue Univeisity, l.afayette, Imliaiia J I'aoi. M'iniisoii, Societal)', llmeaii o( Safety, C.lne.ii'.n, Illinois j i Lowt-u. F. VViNciaer, 1'iesiilent, Mountain Stales Telephone and j Teh.'tiiaph Company, Denver, Colorado ! I I'aoi. S W ish; Croei.il M an,it'd, Aoieiieaii Mutual Insurance Alliance, I Cliicai'.o, Illinois I'll i s m in 1). Yoin.n, M D , D iieilni of I'nlilie Health, Illinois Depait- I incut of Public Health, Spiint'fichl, Illinois ) ANNUAL COUNCIL MEETING INVOCATION By lU lim M OllDKCM SIMON Kwcutlvc Dirrt-lor of the Clmni'.K Bnniil <>( Haltin'. Almighty mid ICtcnial Coil: Inspired by your ethical and moral teachings, we' have come to gether to reflect upon our progress to this time and to consider the tasks still before us. As citizens of a nation dedicated to the Katheihnnd ol (.'oil and tin; brotherhood of man, we are charged to do justly, love men v and to walk humbly with You; to extend compassion, midi is(audiii|', and aid to the perplexed and sorely-tried; to love our neighbor as ourselves. To these humanitaiian heights has the National S afety t a n n e d dedicated itself through its noble aims and pm poses cii constant Iv working, studying and planning for means that will result in the extended health, welfare and education for all. To these noble ideals, we pray, may we ever remain faithful, as we develop a continuing sense of dedicated commitment to this organization, our respective professions and those we scive, a com mitment which both elevates and ennobles. We beseech Your blessings upon all who have affiliated them selves in the attainment of these common objectives. Ktulow them with the knowledge, wisdom and guidance necessary lot fiuitful leadership and success in the attainment of these goals . . . In.piie us to labor zealously and unflinchingly for the perpetuation of the American way of life. (m a u l our county from iniquitous designs, intolerance and blind prejudice. Keep our borders free from every enemy, both bom within and without . . . Grant us clear minds so that we ma\ appioach the problems of our day with fortlnighlncss and unselfish ness . . . Spread Your tabernacle of peace over all the nations of the earth. May the work of peace he righteousness, and its ellccl. ficcdom fiom fear and want for all men. Amen. I'J(>7 S'iiliimnl Safety Congress /V imitici Penalties o( Itoli) a civil nod c iimiit.it l u llin' aio provided foi in ilio Act. A civil action Ini piovontivo lolioi, includ ing an application for a pcrnunoiit nr tem porary injunction, lesti.lining order, or oilier orilei, may Ite instituted Ity ilio Secielaiy in the divtiict court of Ilio United States fui ilio cllni t in which the mine in ipiostion is loi ilt.l ci lit ivliii h (lie mine ii|ieialni' hai ili turni i| '.il oilin', \\ In lies ei ail o|n i ilm ( I ) violates or fails or leiusos to comply u itli any order of withdrawal and dcltnrim lit, or ( 2.1 iuterfores with, hinders, or delays the S' rirtaiv or liis duly aullnni/ed lepiescut.iIno, in i .1ri jini; out Ins duties under the Act, or (o ) refuses to admit an authoiizcd leprcMiitaticc to a mine, ni ( I ) icfnses lit |)eruiit (lie invpei timi m invcslif'atirm nl any mine, or of an accident, iiijuiy, nr oecnpational disease net lining in or connected vvitli a mine, or (5 ) icfnses to furnish any infor mation or report iccpiestcd by the Secretary. Upon conviction, persons may be pun ished Ivy a fine of not loss than SI OH. oi moti ;!>.in ? .HOtl. m bv iiiipiisoiiinent not In exceed sixty days, oi both, w hile ( I ) llicic is a violation or failure or refusal to comply vvitli an ''Imminent Danger Withdiavval ( h d n o i ( 2 ) iheie is a viol.iliuii ol a man datole slAinlaid and laihiiv nr ie lns.il lo complv will) an order of abatement if the failure to comply with the order of abate ment has created an "iinininent danger", that is, a danger that could cause death or sciious physical haim in such mine immedi ately or Infoie tin: iiiuiiinciicu of such (lungi i can he eliminated. These eliminai penalties have a peculiar twist to them. In Senate Heport No. 1296 the Ooiiiiiiitlce stated-- "Section 1-1(1)) . . . makes mine npei.ilois liable to criminal penalties (fines of $100 to $ 3.000 and imprisonment for tip to 00 days) upon eonv iclion in Federal rm ut of one specified nllense. 'Ibis olfciisc is: violation nl, nr icliisal in l.iilnie In comply with, ail Older of vvithdinw.il and debarment, if, at the time the urdei is made, a danger exists 'that could cause de.tlh or serious physical liaim in such mini' immediately or before the iiiniiineiH e nl such d a n g e r can he elimin.iled.' "These eiiiniii.il penalties do not apply, theieiuic, to a mine opeiatoi who has been given a imliie living a lime limit for abatetnrnl nl a vinlilimi el a iii.utd.ilm y health m s.ili tv stand.ml, who has iuilid to abate the violation within (lie time allowed, who lias lluu Ineii given an imlei of withdrawal and dili.uuieut, and who has then violated, I.iiled. nr i< lused In comply with this order --unless his l.uluie to abate the violation Ii.is i n ali d an imminent nr iinmediale danger ul dralli in seiimis pit) sii at liaim by (lie tilin' die oidet ul willidiavval and deliaimcnt was issued.'' Tims, it would seem that an nflcnsc lias been committed if between the time of issu ance of :i notice of abatement fixing a lime limit within which to abate, and upon the I'vpiialivm of the time, the failure tn abate the violation ul a uiand.itni v standard lias re sulted in a condition of iniinineiit or immedi ate danger. The Act was elledive on September Ifi, Itllili: linvw vri the piiivisions with icspeet (0 issuance ul "Iiuiniiicnt Danger Withdrawal Ordei.v" and "Jilapsed-lime Withdrawal Or ders mid some of the penalty piuvisirms dn not become effective until one year alter tin1 dale ol publication of iiotieu in the `('dmI Register of the designation of mandatory standards. Thu meanings and iuli ipn taliims of llie Act in many icspccls will have to await the time when we ate faced with actual situa tions' and eireuuistauei'V which undoubtedly xvill aiise alter the Act becomes fully opera tional. Some ipii'stions and disputes' may not be enliiely elaiified oi decided until caves aie lieaid and decided by (lie board of lie- ) OFFICERS OF THE CEMENT, QUARRY AND MIMERAI. (I AGGREGATES SECTION i I NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-6 I i (.Viirial C/imVmmi --|. II. T u c a d a w a y , Safely Pirccloi, Vulcan M a i n i . ils, C n , R i m m - . l . Ala. < } ! First Vice Clm iim im -- M aiitin P. C c n 1 iii y , ' Manager. lmln.slii.il Rrlnlinns, C ......i .| I. i! I (Vinnil On., Pallas, Tex. 1 I Scalini Vice Clmirmoii--I'atiiu k C. I I a i i .i.ii, I.nlinr llclalimi'; Assi., Me.il ( '.an. ni i Denver, Coin. Seerctitnt--Hoiii-.iir I. Giio.mi.kv, Safely Director, The Slamimi! Slap riunitane. Mena: Olilo ' Xeiislcttcr Er/ttnr--'Ti:o H. Huynoi.iis, Piicetiir of Safely, Melosa I'mll.iiiil O n - a * . |iany, Clovclaml, Ohio Assetiate NeiesU-tter Kilitor--T. \V. iMvi.ns, Mgr. I'.uiplnyim ul anil Sali ly, *-| I p .... l*oilimiti Cement Go., Division ol lite I'llnllmlc Company, Mlilillr Ut.nuli* (ll.i . I'rngr/nn Committee--Maiiiiv 1). Ci-iNmv, (Cliniininii), Manager, Inducim i lilia li- General I'mllaml Cement Co.. Dallas, Tex.; lUmi n r M. Ilin uniii n. Safclt Oa-i.li-. .1 .Slandanl Materials l)lv., M iulln-M aiiclla Corp., New Yoik, N. Y.; IlmcAmi I-'. |m r u Division Manager, Industrial Relations, The Rtthcroid Company, llratu'l llm >1. \ . Jersey; Siiinkv A. Q uin, Manager of Loss Prevention Pepi., Rovai Gioite lim n ut..- ( llallas, Tex.; 1\ J. Roui-ats, Manager, Adiiiliiislialhe Serviles, C ipm iii \" m i.iilmi. i I cago, 111. Afeni'enli/p Committee--S ioni-.v A. Q u in , (Ghairinan), Manager of Loss I 'u u ni i. i i) | Royal Globe Insurance Co., Dallas, Tex.; A. V icion A iintc.. .In., Si t tcl.-tj ( . Manager, Gypsum Assoeialiim. Chicago, III.; C i n i i i u . IIdwaiiii IV ia .ism s. 'I n . Diinctor-Scnclary, Nnlianal Slag Assn., Wasltinglim, I). C..: Krais' G m.i. \ 11ts . >. tin- Gnncrcle Masutuy Assoeialiim, Ailingitin, Va.; I.i.itsAim It. r i u n i i . D im Ini ni S ' Kaiser Gciucnl iv Gypsum Cmp., OaKlaml, Calli.; Rumi.n r M. Korn. 1'ir .i<l*-ut it-- i V - t IJjliesiline Inslilnle, Inc., Wasltinglim, I). G.; ` Lr.si.ir. S. Vd i.iv, S ilely l-'iigit,. - i ' :.l. -rS^ilerials Git., Midwest Div., Hillside, III; lv J. W aiiisc. L atiiarl; .- ll.i... |. , '"Rnflalo, N. Y.; ( Is. Wll.l.lVMs, S alely D i m Ini, Anici irn Ag"u'"..iles ('i.i|> i ' siile. Olili) iev mill Contests- C o m m ittee--l'o n iu s r M nii'n, ( Glia imeni ) . tl S lliiu.m , ,| ' I . J .tleiiianlpiolonn, , SI)i.lteCr.; SGpmtinugi., I.MMil.a; i.IC.oiyn,i iJinm,. AldlomtvinA. nAn ssli-t.aiual..i nNnal'i,nnMal aSie.inenilngamIi'i(n.. rtmv. National Slag Association, Washinglon, P . G. U; ) ) I'.tu'Jiicniiii; Com m itter- Di 11111:1.1. M. Cohnit.l, (Co-Cliaiiinan, W est), Safety Engineer, I'oillaml Cement Assn., Chicago, 111.; Lf.ovo I,. C ash, Jn., Saiely Direr lor, The Georgia Marble Company, Tate, Ca.; C.uv Moui.ns, Union Cement Co., Div. Nalionnl Gypsum Co., Alpena, Midi.; Vinci : \ r C,\Li.Af:ni:n, Manager of Safely, Material Service Division of Ceneial D inam its Coip., Lyons, III.; ((iiiilltr M. lint,in.nil n, Nafelj Coiil'ilirialor, Stamlaul Mateiials Div., M.nlin-M.iiiella <anp., New Vink, N. V.; "Auvm Tir.Nsott, Diiectnr of Insm.iim: ami Saiely, Maleiial Service Div. nl General Dynamics Corp., Cliieago, 111.; " L lm.h: S. Voi.i /., Safely Engineer, Vnlean Mateiials Company, Midwest Division, Hillside, 111.; \V. M. Hoxti:, (Co-Chairman, E ast), Solely Engineer, Corps of Engineers, New England Division, W altham, Mass.; J. Ml lio n Durm ast, Safety Director, Martin Marietta Coip., New Ymk, N. Y.; P. J. Jinrcn, Industrial ltelations Manager, Hoiid.iille Constinotion Mateiials, lire., Moulstown, N. }.; lIowaiii Hikitnstaiil, Man ager of Training and Safety, Alpha Portland Cement Company, Easton, I'a.; *Final E. Stoiicii, Director of Safety and Personnel, The Whitehall Cement Manufacturing Com pany, Ci'mentim. P.i.; Ilo\ G. S uvrr, Mining (fc-.illli and Safety Engineer, U. S. Iltrreaii of Mines, Washington. D. C.; John J. So I i N*i v, Salelv Engineer, lletlildiein Mims Coip.. Stone and Slag Division, ilan o w i, I'a.; Is. .1. W siiim , l.aveiuek and llaines, Inc., Iloll.do, X. Y.; HaLi'/i W ii.vy, Amciican Mutual Liability Insiiranvo Co., Ilallimoic, Md Visual Aids Committee--"L eslie S. Volt/.. (C hairm an), Safely Engineer, Vnlean Mateiials Co., Midwest Div., Hillside, 111.; " lloWAim F. Joiinsion, Division Manager, In dustrial Relations, 'lire Rubeioirl Company, Hound llrnok, N. j.; ftoneiir T. Smith, Dravo Coip., Keystone Div., Neville Island, Pittsburgh, l'a.; F iiiti J. Ilotasns, Manager, Administrative Services, Gypsum Association, Chicago, 111.; John J. Mc.'Cu t .i.anh, Na tional Crushed Stone Association, Washington, I). O.; Cn.\m .rs G. Siira.ioM, Vulcan Materials Co., Miri-East Division, Winston-Salem, N. C. O.'i-Thc-Job Safety Committee--J. Milton D uiiiiam, ( O m it m an), Safely Dheetor, Marlin Marietta Corp., New York, N. Y.; J. R. D. Hiiown, Asst. Manager, Accident Prevention Rmcatt, Portland Cement Assn., Chicago, 111.; L loyd L. C ash, Jn., Safety Director, The Geoigia M.uhic Coinp.iny, Tate, Ga.; L lcinaiiii It. F i.ioki.ii, Director of Safety, KuNci Cement S Cvpsim; Coip., Oakland, Calif.; Ilov G. S ro ir , Mining Health and Safely Engineei. U. S. Ihuvatt of Mines, Washington, D. D on 11. Rossionol, Diavu Coip., Cineiimati, Ohio Pii/di, ihi C o n ' m i U i Ki yni hi G m s i '.iiick (C haiim aii), Manager, Technical Sciviirs, N.itioii.d I.ime Asm.. Wasliini'liin, D. C.: C u m . 1. M m i i i y , Jil, Adniin, Assistant, Na tional Sand & Gravel Association, Silver Spiing, Mil.; W i i i .i sm C m ii i .ii, EM-eulivi! 1)1leetoi, National Crushed Stone Association, Washington, D. John J. M cOu i.r.iN, National Cmshed Stone Association, Washington, D. C. T'rrriiiin;: C o m m itte e ."llm vaiui llii i l n s i m i i . ( Ghaiiiuan), Manager uf Training and Safely, Alpha Poitlaml Cement Co., Easton, Pa.; J. M ilton D uiiiiam, Safely Director, Marlin Marietta Coip., New York, N. Y.; "W illiam A. K irr, Manager-Safety, Universal Atlas Cement Division, U. S. Steel Coip., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Gi:n.w.n D. HAVj;n, Logansport, 1ml. Long (hinge P/iimiing Committee--"G ain.no E. M m u .m : (Clm iiiuan), Safely Diieder, Superior Stone Co. Div., Mai tin Marietta Corp., Raleigh, N. C.; " FnANCis W. Hush, Sir, Director of Safely, M. J. Giovc Lime Company, Frederick, Md.; " Howaiid F. Joiinston, Division Manager, Industrial Relations, The Ruheroid Company, Bound Brook, N. ); " IIovaiio Riritnstaiil, Manager of Training and Safety, Alpha Portland Cement Com pany, Easton, I'a.; "Fm:n E. Stoiicii, Director of Safely mid Personnel, The Whitehall Cement Manofai lining Company, Gcmeulon, Pa.; "Auvio T ilvson, D iiettor of Insur ance and Saiely, Material Sen it e Dirisiim of (icnei.il D\ iraiules Corp., C.lifeagn, III; "Lt.slii; S. Volt/ , Safely Engineer, Vnlean Mateiials Company, Midwest Div.. llillsiili-, III.; "Paul J. Wonsroic, Manager-Safety and Welfaic, Lehigh l'oitland Cement Co, Allentown, Pa. ) lUisiiitnlity Com m itter--lloni'.ivr J. Ohomi.ky (C hairm an), S.iIty D iiii lor. I h- 'i iSlag C., Youngstown, Ohio; John J. M oC i.ia.i. sno, National (a n - ln d SIi'hh- V n Washington, I). *Aliv T iknmin, Diiectnr of Insinamt- ami S.ilels, M ahilil. ' i l)iv. ol General Dummies Coip., Chicago, III. Xomiiiuliti/' C o m m i t t e r -- ( aiii.anii Is. M i h y k i i i : ( ( .'liaiiimiii), Snl< ty D i n - I n , '.i-j. , Slum; Co. I >iv,, Mailiu Mani lla Cnip., Italeigh, N. O.; *I,'i i \ ni r. \V. IIi m i, V-. . I on , ol Safely, hi. J. Ciovo Lime Company, Frederick, Mil. I'rrumtil Protective Equipm ent Committee--*Paui, J. W oiisiick, Manager-Safety ami V,. l! , Lehigh Portland Cement Company, Allentown, Ta.; Hour n r J. C iiomi.i .v, Safety I i:' The Standout Slag Company, Youngstown, Ohio; C iiahi.i-.s C. Siii i io n , Vnh.ni M..i. n Co., Mid-Last Dlv., Winston-Salem, N. O.; C. ltussr-.i, Mai imin'. Safely Knpi-man. I -i Coiporatlon, Neville Island, Pittsburgh, Pa. \trmhiux-iil-l.<ni',r -*T. W. Joni:s, Vire l'ii-siili-iil I'loihn lion, ,\'i w lla v in Tiap I*.- l New Haven, Coon.: Ivan I''. Li.Cmirf, Sah ly Diieclnr, I'oillaml ( a im ol \ i- <ilo Chicago, III.; 'D o u se O. Si-ani.i:. Jn., The Slaodanl Slag C m npain, d oom' ll, i, 11| 'to// Uepivsontiitivu--L dwaiii) J. Sitm.Aci.K, National S o le ly Canon il, IJ'i N. Mi. I,i"..i, \ Chicago, Illinois 00011. 'Past General Chairman ) 1067 Million, .i/clij Congress piohlfins. Invite tin'll), seek them, get them to Kime to \on. Ho approachable. 9. Have a tri.il petiod. followed l>y a kiiofnl t.' examination l>y all people co iin iiiid . 11, 'i'ful mill's lor llm Surer../id Siiprii nor. The live must important wends of a snpei- vMir arc, "I ain proud of >on." ) The. four most iinpoit.int wonts of a w- pcrvisor are, "W hat is your opinionr The three most Impoitant winds of a sii- peivisnr ate, "If yon please." The two most successful words ate. " 1hank yon." . The one most impoitant word is, Your, 'fhe least important word is, *I. I OFFICERS OF THE \ CHEMICAL SECTIOM ! NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-60 I* ' mini Cluiiriiwn--D. T . Smith, Supcrliitcndcnt, rrotcction Divisimi, Kmplnyec Department, E. I. dtil'ont de Nemours & Co., Ine., Deepwnter, N. J. Relation 000625 jj Vi'ecCiuhray--inAii.tnXt Vi.n WCi11t.aSiO/'N.e, oMf aPnraogfielirm--iS--aGfe.tyMD. eOpia.siotmm,cnMt,a nMa ii'delra--nSda fDrtiyvis!i<onI ,h Dalollwi, ICnhdeinz iiilii iill _i> CChoemmpiacnayls, MDiivdilsainnod,, lMloinelkio. r C hem ical Corporalloii, Niagarn Kalls, N. V. i' . ji nieller ('niiimillcr -\V. S. Wotm (Cliiilrinan) Safely l'higliieei, Ile .'a u l and D' v<h. | - > mcnt Division, Sun Oil Company, Marcus Hook, l 'a.; XV. 11. Laudi.iiii h i:, Safi ly 1Ilici tm . J Tr.ui Eastman Company, Longview, Texas $ ' s airr/i Oevclii]niiriii Sub Section--L. C. W eceii ( C hairm an), Safely Manager, Rescan li y Center, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Mo.; II. S. Biiastei, Safely Cooidin.Uor, Mi rek Sharp & Dolimo Ilcscarch Lahoratorles, Railway, N. J.; R. D. roiniF.it, Safety Supervism, jj 3' riircli Liilioraforlcs, Industriili Chemicals Division, Allied Clieinh al Cmp., M unii | !avn, N. J.; O wen Kuiiias, Director of Health it Safely, M nllinikiodl Chemical V o iD , il Si. Louis, Mo. . i-.'imrring Committee--]. S. Snydeii (Chairm an), Rahway Safely Manager, Merck & Co., he., Hallway, N. J.; Mike Kiukoman, Corporato Manager of Safely S Mr dical, Brum wii It'eipirnlimi, Chicago, III.; J. il. 11i.ac.ic, Hazards Control Ollicer, United Stales Public Hialili Service, Silver Spilng, Mtk; 1*. J. McDoNoucai, Manager of Loss l'lcvcnlinn. 1`licmicals Cioup, Olin Mathlcsou Chemical Corporation, New Yoik, N. Y.j E. N. Dic i:, nitiillant, Safety and Plant Piotcctlon, Cenerai Electric Company, N e w Ymk, N". V ; 'S. P. Sin r/ci:, Diiectnr, Safety and Loss-l'ievenllon, A nni lean C )anainid C o m p o n i, '.V.ivnc, N. J. "V Ih'lnllons Committee--1\. II. Scott (C hairm an), Manager, Imlustiial S.ifcti, : illcllc-Noilhwcst, Richland, Wash.; *J. R. Hoi.lm an, Head of Safely, Piocler h Cainlih: Company, Cincinnati, Ohio; A. L. Ki.ino, Director of Loss I'lcvciition, Olin Malliii nm ficmicnl Corporation, New Yoik, N. Y. . lug Aids Committee--A. P. O srt (C haiim an), Coipmate Safely Engineer, Olms. l'li/cr Co., Ine., New York, N. Y.; C. R. E astman, Safety Advisor, Mobil Chemical Coinpanv, ir York, N. Y.; J. V. Saveiicooi., Coordinator of Safety A f.oss I'iom nlion, Allied C oipoiation. New York, N. Y.; J. E. MonmsoN, Safety Diiectnr, Houston ClicmI Corporation, Reauniont, Texas.; J. E. Nicnor.s, Director of Safelx, Re>nolds Mil d< t M pany. Rii litnond. Va. '.n )) Health Committee--D. J. Kii.m n, M.D. (C hainnan), Medical Director, Texas Division Dow Chemical Company, Fieepmt, 'IVxas; lv I.. Ai.l'.ti'f.ii, Sopci visor, liulnslrinl Ilygicne Service, International Harvester Company, Chicago, III.; K. Iv IIasvkinso.v, Director. Division of Special Services, Employers Insurance of W ausau, Wausan, Wis.; F. A. Vas A p i a , Dcpnlv Direelnr, Ollier of Occupational Safety, lioiran of I.almr Slandaids, U. S Dv|i.nluti'ut ol l.alior, V '.i-huc'lou, I ), C. Technical Publication Committee--E. Li:vens (C hairm an), Director of Safety, G-H, Douglas Aircraft Company, Santa Monica, Calif.; C. M \r;Di mimii), Supervisor, l'olyinif Corporation, Ltd., Sarnia, Ontario, Canada; W. O. Diiector of Technical Servin'!. Hatlfoid Iieauance Cnnip. Ilaitfoid, Conn.; K. C. Ilonc.i s, Assistant Manager, Safely 4 Fire I'nile (ion, Lv I. dul'orit do Nemours A- Co., Ine., Wilmington, Del. M cm baship Committee--W . J. Hsnkm (Chairm an), Division Safely Engineer, 3M Com pany, St. I'anl, Minn.; I'. C. I.amii, Safety Consultant, Englewood, N. J.; lv A. Nil.il, Safety Administiator, Hcsall Chemical Company, Faianuis, N. J. Statistics Analysis and Safety A mauls Commit Ire--W. A. S rAiucovien (C hainuau), Director of Safety, Sherwin-Williams Co., Chicago, III.; F. 15. Macaulay, Safely Supervisor. W yandotte Chrmieal Cmpoialion, W yandotte, Mich.; K. L. McQuii.i.r.N, Safety & In- ) dustiial Medicine Cooulin.itor, Eli Lilly & Co., Tippecanoe Lalioiatoiies, Lafayellc, lull. ! II. M. Ni:amy, Safety Engincei, Safety Aliaiis Dopt., Union Caihidc Cnrp., New Yoil. | N.Y. i Tiohiinp Committee--l.. 1). Sininii. (Cliaiim ao), Salcty & Security Supervisor, l). S. liiihtitrial Chemicals Comp|iny, Tuscola, III.; Crnnci-: Anno it , Diiector of Safely it Scrvlcr l'cnnsalt Chmnicals Cerp., King of Frussia, Fa.; L. W ii.i.i \ ms, Safely Direelnr, Jcllw* Chemical Company, Fort Neelies, Texas I Off-Thc-Job Coiumitlcii-D M. Van' W t c w (C hairm an), Safety Coordinalor, Slanfla Chemical Company, New Ymk, N. Y.; G. II. Mi:ni i:n, Safely Engineer, ihistol Lalmrilories, Division of liristol-Myeis Company, Thompson Road, East Syracuse, N. Y.; A Mims, Safety Engineer, Trotter & Cnmhlc Company, Cincinnati, Ohio lUliirntioiml f.iaison Ctminiiiirc-Aniciican Chemical Sociely: H. II. Fawcc.it (Chairman''. Technical Secretary, Rational Academy of Sciences, National llcsearch Council, Wa')ington. D. C.: Aiueiican Association of Industrial Niiim's: Mns. M. E. Skavicii, R. X. Charge Nmse, Nfol>il,OiI Cmporalion, Trm tnn. M idi.; Aiueiican Society of Safety Eni neers: A. II. C in iisiiak, Division Safety Engineer, Aiueiican Viscose it Chemical Di visions. I'.MC Cmpoialion, Fliiladelphia, Fa.; M aunlaelnring Chemists' Association C. C. F i.i.mino, Coiporate D iiedor, Safely 5; I'lant I'roteeticm, Celancso Ooip., Olinrltil!N. C.; Inteiuatioua) Mateiial Management Society: E. V. Clanci.y, Safety Enginv Kodak i'aik Winks, Ivislm.iii l-iod.ik Co., Rochester, N. Y ; American Inst, of Ciii-mii ' r.ngineeis: "). N. HoMint. Manager, Safely & Nccniily, Iteseauli and DeveKi|inu'Dept., Fliillips I'etioleum Co., llaillesville, Okla.; Kedcial (nvcininenl Liaison: F. A. W Vt i a. Deputy Director, Oiiite of Occupational Safety, Hurcau of Lalior Standards, U.! Dept, of Labor, Washington, D. C. Ytiiumr/fiug Committee--' J. N. Romisii.: (C halrniaii), Mgr., Safety it Security, Resent and Development Dept., Fliillips Fetroleum Co., liartlesvillc, Okla.; *11. W. Rait |i Asst. Stipl., Chemical Engineering Division, The Travelers Insurance Co., Il.nlk Conn.; *J. J. Fiiaiioi.os, Safely Manager, National Distillers it Chemical Cnrp., K, York. N. Y. l ft ) : llcnwch Coiiiiiifttee--G. It. Cummings (Chairm an), Manager, Safety & Imluvtti.il il'." F.ll Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, Indiami; *11. II. Fauci.rr, Tcilm ical Si-i n l.uy, .1 Academy of Sciences, National Moscardi Council, Washington, D. C.; "C. !.. C". 1 Manager, Personnel Safely, Monsanto Company, Lfmlln'i;*li Mlvd., St. I.uuiv, M >. A'ft'iviH1/ Committee--*A. I,. Conn ( Ciminomi), Diicclur of Indm.liial Safely, I. I ' Winks, Kastman Kodak (i., Hm la vier, N. V.; *.S. M. Mai C i/irin *ri, U in-t'.i punite Safely and Loss 1'rcvciition, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mlili.; "i Ai.inssiai, Coordinator, Corporale Safety, Merck Sc Co., Inc., Haimar-, I , 'I Wai.i.ach, Senior Safety Engineer, Accident Prevention Scellini, Imlusti j.d S.ifilr- t Kodak Park Works, Eastman Kodak Co., Ilochcstcr, N. V. Staff Itvprcscnliilir.u--J ohn Maiik, National Safety Council, -1-5 N. Micini;.in . cagu, III. 00011. *r.ivt Ceneial Chairman , , ) ) 55th NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS Papers Delivered in the COAL MINING SESSIONS COAL DUST ABATEMENT Importance of Dust Control.......................................................Henry N. Doyle 3 What the Coal Industry Is Doing to Control Dust................ George L Judy 6 Dust Control and Other Safety Measures on a Longwall Face.H. C. Morton 9 Summary of Dust Control Activity.........................................James R. Garvey 12 i MACHINE GUARDING AND SAFETY DEVICES Protective Cabs for Opprators of Face Equipment............ R. M. von Storch 15 Power Cut-Off Dais myd Olhor Safely Dcvlcos.......................Joseph Taylor 19 Machine Design: Ventilation, Dust Control, Other Features. .A. Lee Barrait 22 I HAULAGE SAFETY i Underground Rail Haulage Safety.............................................John IV. Hager 25 Battery Haulage Safely i ............................................................. i . .L .D . Ellison 28 Belt Haulage Safety............................................................................. IV. fl. Park 31 Officers of the Coal Mining Section 1967-88............................ .............. .. 38 Five Years of Future Dates for the National Safety Congress........................39 Other Volumes In 1967 National Safety Congress Transactions........ Back Cover s ) IMPORTANCE OF DUST CONTROL By IIEN11Y N. DOYLE Assistant Chief, Division of Federal Employee llcnilh, U.S. Public Health Servico One could disposo of the assigned topic in a very short order hy stating that dust con trol serves two primary functions--disease prevention and explosion control. I would as sume, however, sinco you have asked me to discuss this subject that you arc anticipating a much more philosophic treatment and, be cause of my background, your iutcicst Is in the health aspect. If we nro to view this problem from, th} philosophic viewpoint,, threo factors must he considered: The biology of man, our present stato of knowledge, and our soclnl concepts. Mist, let us look somewhat superficially ut the anatomy of the respiratory system. Man's respiratory system evolved to handle a rela tively pure mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, and tho noble gases. However, to protect the lungs from tbc natural contamination of tiro atmosphere, such ns wind-blown dust and pollens, several protective mechanisms de veloped. The nose became prominent amt was filled with many small hnlrs to servo' at i filter device for particles ns sumll as 5 microns. T h e respiratory tract between the nosu and tbc major branches of tho lungs developed fine hnirlfke structures which served to trap the dust particles and, by means of a continuous upward motion, to reject through the nose or mouth. Finally, if n dust particle penetrates these defenses, ihc lung tissues were equipped w ith phago cyte cells which engulfed the dust particle anil removed it from tho sensitive area. 11ms, man Is equipped to live In nn cnvl- ionmei'1 which nnturo planned many cons ago. \Vhcn tho natural defenses of the res piratory tract arc broken down, the lung finally becomes a physiological dust trap. The miracle is that man can survive in to day's environment which is vastly different itom the environment which nature planned. |jf ll] b f us who live and work in an urban WQn(Ter a constant insult and nn overload- : i]the respiratory system duo to man's ) 'irtaiaiiintlon of the atmosphere. Siipcriin- pascq|on the technologic contamination of Ibsjfdiospherc with particulate matter, man , n S w insults his respiratory system by lg which is known to destroy the cil iary and phagocyte systems, thus incna<m the risk resulting from esposme to iiidiislii.il dust and ntmosphciic pollution. Those of us cnleiing the !>lh and (ith dndev of life represent tho iiist geii/ialii.n 1 he exposed to a continuous complex lecleio logic contamination n( the general aim' phere, coupled with the idinost intis -t practice of smoking. Thus, it should |.c m shuck to realize that icspiraloiy di r ; ar assuming a more pioiuineot plate in lie i. i lion's moihidity and moitalily pilt. in Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, most fnim of lung cancer, ami ecitaiu forms of conge-, live heart disease all result (rum the ;!pml tion of particulate matter in the lungs, fur those exposed to Industrial dust, the li.t/ir.l Is intensified and extended to other dheau'. such ns pneumoconiosis and heavy tint'll poisoning. . Although epidemiologic evidence is l.n klug, observations lend to snppmt the cm.-Tusion that respiratory diseases other (linn llrclnsxlc.il occupational ones are more lrv|nrnl among workers exposed to lodoslii:il do-.! That massive die.t eoneeiitialime; n v o a pru longed period destiny the nutnral ib tc ic 1 i.l the respiratory system thus leaving tie' Ie l.' susceptible to infectious and iiiin-iiifi'-'tioii diseases is no longer a debatable qnc.llnn. From this point on, we shall have In u fine our discussion to the classical oeeup1 iional dust diseases since Ibis Is llie an i where our epidemiologic techniques me sol fieiently sophisticated to deiuonxtiatc a can sal relationship. Ilistoiically, this iclatimc.lm has been known hy observation for o-i 3,000 years. However, it has only been within recent years that we have been abb to place this relationship into biologic pm spectlvc. It took the work ol many inv- ti:.* tors to ultimately arrive ut the five rni'lm .,1 factors involved in Ihc prndm lion n( do .1 in duccd diseases, nllhmigh in retrospect l l v appear to he simple relalimeliip:. lie li' faelois me; 1 . 'th e size ol the div.l paile le mu I I Stub that it will pencil,ite tie' -|>ii i lory sy stem--generally !<ss 11tan o mi crons. i ].9(>7 Wim'iwl Stiffly Congress \ 2. '1 lie dust m"'* contain a toxic compo nent; for example, silica or one of the heavy metals. 3. The concentration must he sufficiently Hicat to overcome the hotly s oatmal defenses. 4. The exposure must extend over a long period of time. 3. All individuals do not react alike. Some have greater resistance to the disease processes than others or, conversely, less resistance. . Only within recent years has this relation ship been taken one step further and devel oped into a mathematical one which says that given a toxic dust of less than 3 mi , I.iuv, di-r.ise is lin n (III- piiulm I ul lime ami eumeiiliulioii, or 1) (disease) -- l (tim e) x C (concentration). The formula, of course, has several disadvantages, the foremost production of the two to an acceptable level. J Tire traditional method of control In the | mining Industry has been to limit the con centration of the dust by certain accepted procedures, stieh as ventilation ami the rue of dust suppressants such as water. A recent study of the Public Health Ser vice has demonstrated that a significant number of bituminous coal miners have i disabling respiratory disease commonly k(erred to as "coal xvmkcrs' pneumoconiosis. Many questions remain to he answered espe cially regarding the etiology of the disease. That dust has a significant role in its etiology Is unchallenged. Although a similar disease lias been known hr the anthracite induslt) ini in mv yi-.il-., a n-'ii-w of the literal" would Indicate that the prevalence of pneu moconiosis hr the bituminous industry, war not very great until about 1950. being that disease has no definable starting The signs and symptoms of tire disease are point and, because of the factor of individ so obvious tlrat it is difficult to accept the ual susceptibility, would apply to large concept that the apparent Increased preva r roups rather than to indiviciuals. lence is related to improved diagnostic lech- C.ivcn a large population jmd using an ar- iiiipics. However, the apparent Inercnso and biliary diagnostic sign as''a reference, it prevalence may he related to the iiicrcnsln{ should Lo possible to develop a definable use of mechanical equipment underground. biologic relationship betxvccn time of expo Unfortunately, very little data Is available sure and the concentration o|T toxic materials. which would permit n comparison of oust If such a body of knowledge existed, it conditions before nod after mechanization. would be possible to inform, a miner aftei x particle years of exposme tftat further work in the mines may endanger) his health; that after jc 4 y particle years, Jpe has a certain risk of developing pneumoconiosis; and, after x 4 z particle years, his chance of dc xeloping |>m unincoiilo-fis is almost 100',o. It is possible that marry coal mines mar have reached the nlltmale in dust control with existing ventilating systems and mine layout. To change either of these factors re quires a large outlay of capital which pos'lhlv cannot be equated with prodiiclhm gains. Thus xve have reached the point I trust that the above will always remain where other methods of dust control will lx in the realm of fantasy for the iccotd-kcep1115 job would be stupendous. Nonetheless, necessary. Certainly the industry has no. fully explored xvlrat can he done through at- xve hax'c come perilously close to Mich a Icrnllons in machine design. Coni cutjm| system on soxcral oecasions especially in and removing machines xvcrc designed lo those areas where environmental controls obtain the maximum tonnage in the sltojM wero neglected. time period. Another design criteria needs to The fonnula D = T x C is generally Ire added--xvitlt the minimum dust produc used by the industrial hygienists in setting maximum allowable concentrations. Ideally, the product of T x C should he zero. Iloxvcvcr, under practical operating conditions, this is not possible. Therefore, time is fixed in accordance xvillr man's mutual working span ami the concentration is adjusted In ac cordance with the relative toxicity of the dust under consideration. Tims, piexTirtion of the dust diseases becomes a function of controlling either lire time of exposure or the concentration of the dnit or reclucinfS the tion. All efforts to date have been dirccteJ at reducing to a minimum the value of C In the equation I) = T r C. The cost of accom- nibbing this rrdm lim r to an acceptable level may prove to be Inconsistent with economic returns. Should this prove to be true, Him efforts will have to be made to reduce the! factor In the equation. This can Ire accom plislicd in one of three ways: l. By complrlo ntitomnHon. * 000628 Cu ll *fl xj 2. Limiting tire xvork (Into of ond] l n ^ r ?vel^Rie iff air hns n iiuuilij nf ufix.inl-i . employees. 1^ - ? oyfcr jlic^partlclc number s l| (flartl. 3. Dy providittg the undcrgroutij with an artificial environment. a- cotrel.rlii-ii between the weight of mil acpo'iled in th Complete automation docs not appear to be feasible at this time although great strides ne being m ade to reduce tire number of lungs and ilisra-.e imi'liliuini is will Iras i such correlation Iras het.-ii possible xxitli p:nlicle number. In using the mass sampl- men underground. For obvious reasons, the method, dust evaluation is much simpler an.I principle of job rotation to reduce exposure lime Iras never been acceptable to labor or mumgement. Tiro provision of an artificial environment his the ring of nn exotic method applicable instrumentation permits the dctctir.hnii-iir of individual exposures. Most of the Kurop'-ui countries nre moving toward n lira-:-; ttumbud which will likely he in the magnitude ol 1.5 ' milligrams per cubic meter of nir. to the exploration of spnee. In actuality a t Only since about 1935 lias society in this tempts have been made to create such an en country recognized that it lias n rr-pmisil fi vironment by the use of nlr filtering devices which lit (wit the nos mid mimlli. Such rltv' vki-s, generally referred to ns rosplrnlois, lly to those who have developed diet -li-. eases lliiimgli tli-li m i iipaliou: M u-fi.i.icompensation xvas u slim.king lo m -p t In have certain inherent disadvantages such ns many when it wns first adopted. To cttluis discomfort, breathing resistance, mid com the inadequacies of our first coiiipensaliou munications interference. For these reasons, laws for the dust diseases xvas appalling. In labor and management as well as the health another three decades our picscnt concepts profession have developed an inanity regard of compensation may be viewed ns an hale. ing the potential use of protective equip European legislation which Iras eslahli ln-.l ment. the precedence lor workmen's i-imip-ii'.ili. a It is difficult to accept the concept tlrnl a total life support system can be provided for i man in space b u t th a t w e are unable to in the United Stales is tending toward mat liberal benefits fur wrukeis with pm-mi.ii' >-n iosis. design n life support system for a man in n The principle of paitial disability, is well hazardous underground environment. I t is established in most Western European coun possible that a major obstacle uiny be our imago of a coal miner. It is difficult to visu alize n coni miner looking like anything other than a coni miner. T o ncccpt him with the appearance of a scientist or a technician it almost an impossibility. So fur this presentation Iras voided n dls !imsion of a hygienic standard for bitumi nous coal dust. Such a value docs not exist r in the Onited States for exposure to bitum i tries. In the United States the*winker af fected by a dust disease is often in a less I.vornble position limn a person dKibfi-d |.> an accident or other occupational tlecr.--' In iimny of lire laws the time lii.iils tb.it apply to lire length of expu-aire, lo in uni- tat Ion of the disi use, nod the filing ul i fi.im me too short to lake into account the :.le inatilling nullin' of dust diseases. Principles for compensation of tire i'i i I nous coal dust and until such n standard Is developed, the C value in our equation lias no significance. diseases have tended to remain in a li.f i and rigid pattern based on knowledge tied i at least a qunrlci of a century out ifi date. luminous coal until recently xvas consid ered a nuisance dust and, as such, the tCCHI value of 50 million particles for cubic foot (M l'C F ) was applicable. Epide miologic studies have not been conducted in the United States which xvould permit the ntahllshincnt of hygienic standards for bitu minous coal dust, llcscnrch in the European countries tend to support n respirable mass itanJard rather than one bnsed on particles Snell procedures Inivc resulted in pi.i-li----. that arc frequently unfair to both paili lligid administrative requirements and the concept of compensation for only the tut ill; disabled has doubtlessly been unfair to ii.oo xx'orkers with bona fide eases of orcupitioi. J pneumoconiosis. On the other h.uul, r-mu courts In an attem pt to overcome c< ituiu ufi niinlslrntive limitations have probably I. <n too lihcial in their interpretations. F<t unit volume of air. Tiro mass standard It Is my personal opinion tlinl mile.: mu hieli expresses dust concentrations in tuilli- pneumoconiosis compensation luus me r I pams of dust of less than 5 microns per unit erni/rd, we may face many new pif-hhii. in * 1 t ) J9C7 National jo/cty Congress ) 0 0 0 6 2 !) v.'i'irl Mining ndiniuMciing 1 just and fail s>'!'*J',1i f t oinpcns.itimi lor llir dust diseases. Some ol the factors which netti lo l)f consider! are: 1. A belter definition of lliosc disease con ditions which arc caused by the inhala tion of dost. 2. Full n:co|!nilion of tin* delayed devel opment of the disease process. 3. Compensation payments based on the degree of disability rather than radio logical appeal ance. I. IL inox al of the last employ lesponsi- bililv concept. In the last two decades our fundamental knowledge of the dust diseases has pro- pressed further Ilian in all of tins prcccdlii* e. nluiies. Despite this, the lost disease* con- tinoe to be our most costly occupational dis- | cases in terms of morbidity and coinpcnsa- j tioo costs. The greatest reservoir of pneurno- j coniosis is in the bituminous coal industry. I Despile these advances in knowledge, our , pieveiitive tecliuiipics have not materially changed in the last quarter of a century. The total elimination of this disease for which we have hnlli the engineming and medical too U'pu senls a gieat challrngn to this profes sion. However, il the job is to lie done, new concepts of prevention and control must be investigated. j WHAT THE COAL INDUSTRY IS DOING TO CONTROL DUST j H> CLOUGH L. JUDY, Executive Vice President luminous Coal Operators' Association The emeiging of mechanical mining of coal in die United States, couplet] with all the publicity today on air pollution, has brought the problem of dust contqol to the focus of the mining industiy's attention. T his problem has been accentuated by the appli cation of the more modem methods of coal recovery by continuous and longwall ma chinery and by the increase of roc]; diilling for ioof bolt installation. The industry has recognized this situation with appiopriate gravity and has taken steps to apple and advance the technology of dust control! In light of our present limited knowledge of the effects of inhalation of var ious concentrations of dust over long peiiods of exposure, cm lent eonliol ine.isuics ap pear to be successful. Should liulher studies prove that lower dust concentrations aic nec essary for a healthful atmosphere, the indus try will meet those staiulaids by impioving cuirenl couliol incasiilcs oi by developing new technology. Such studies arc now being undci taken jointlv bv the United States Ilmemi of Mines and the l'ublic Health Scivice of tin: Dcpatlment of Health. Education, and Welfare with the cooperation of the mining industry. Rcprcscntntixcs of the member companies and staff of the Bituminous Coal Opciators Association serve officially as advisors to the government agencies involved in this projed. Member companies are making available their facilities for dust surveys under actual milling conditions. The industry has. if for no other reasoia than increased comfort and safety through belter visibility, applied a wide-range #1 dust control methods and devices. Stronger L measures arc being employed or lestol j where silica dust is involved or where bitu- j niinous dust is created in undesirable ton- 1 ecnliations. ,, j Silicn dust is being coiiiiolU'd oflocUvcl> j by wet drilling or vacuum collectors used j with rock drills. Improved cutting bits haw i simplified these methods of eonliol ami tl* \ ;nvrpl.im r hy woiknim of llu* nsr of rcspif** I Inis generally lias been realized hy the pub- j licity given to the iccogui/ablc piolilem ol | bieathing silica dust. j Hock dust staiulaids have been strength- i cued by Ibe lowering of Hie allowable lnnil S of free ami combined silica content from 25 peicc-nt to 5 percent. Reductionof exposurr , to silica dust bus been helped by the " pliivnK'Ut of roiivryor Iwlts nml rulmor-tiroil vehicles for coal haulage and for man tr.pl. All told, the liulustiy has found and is app b in g the means to control the silica cm! encountered in coal mining. The problem of controlling coni dust is, on . the other hand, moic complex, pri-|Semet'iV|fi' and is coiil'ii.si-d hy the fact that lag of coal dust lias not been positively rec ognized with respect to its contribution to respiratory or circulatory ailments. Constant effort is being made to find iiieuns of pro ducing less dust In tin: mining operation and lo alate, divert ur collect the dust that is produced. Ill conventional mining, the use of prop erly situated high pressuie wider sprays, hi which the use of additives Is sometimes beneficial, has brought about a considerable reduction of dust at its primary sources in drilling and cutting. Water-filled PVC hags for stemming blast boles. Improved coal shooting techniques, and direct application ' of fine mist or fog sprays have proven effec tive in nbating dust ut its primary source in blasting. Secondary dust sources such ns loading ami transfering coal also ean lie controlled hy sproys, mid roadway dust where a problem by wetting or application o( calcium chloride. One large milling company which began an intensive study of dust resulting from conventional mining upon its Introduction In the middle 1930's conducted dust surveys which showed concentrations ranging from 90 lo 227 million particles per cubic foot witliout the use of water sprays during the loading cycle. With the combined use of wet drilling, compressed air blasting, "bug dust ing" units and sprnys on cutting machines, 'prays on loading machines and at transfer points, roadwny sprinkling and stilting, and with normal ventilation, typical concentra tions in million particle per cubic foot wore reduced to 14.29 for undercutting and shear ing, 9.25 for drilling, 9.49 for blasting, and an average of 7.89 for shuttle car loading, tramming and dumping. This compares with cniicc-ntratioiis uf up lo 203 m p/cf for ItntidIn.iiling operations In the Miniu seam. Continuous mining normally results in the production of more dust and longer periods of operator exposure. Ilcic, the methane lib eration rate frequently dictates the use of auxiliaiy face ventilation with its attendant benefits of dilution and prompt removal of dust. Exhausting auxiliary ventilation sys tems aro tiioii! Inclficicnt and are less effec tive for gas removal, Imt arc ndvnntagcous for dust removal in that the air current is away from the operator. This has been reme died in various ways, either by use of both ediaust and force lulling situated on oppo- site ribs' with tlie i-.vli:| blower dlsohitrgg^Dj^jjj Mulct Inliy tinoi a linee l ili mounted on the madi..... ....i.t...o..p..e..i.a..t..i.u..g.....e.x. - hausting with icspect In the diiectiuu of aii How. The most sophisticated iuiiuvatiun fnr in- vironmeiitid dust nuiliol is the ciyoe,.-u|,- breathing apparatus which is In-ing tested hy a major coal piuducer ior use hy continuous miner operators. I lie piolotype device eon sisls basically of a poitahle ei)>'l!''ulr storage vessel bracketed oil the inai liiue together with n heat exchanger and a quirk-discon- nect-coupled delivery hose to n Ineathing mask fitted with a demand type regulator. The quick disconnect nml 5-foot Imglh of Kose give the operator freedom of ninveim nt nml exit. The portable storage vessels arc filled mi llie .surface from n blending tank into wlii- li liquid oxygen mid nilingen an- 6 ,1 h, j , , propot lions. W hen cliaigcd fully to 3 p-|. the vessels weigh 28 pounds. T hey measme 7 Inches In diniuc-li-r and 23 inches In length and arc equipped with a prissure gang,'' mi l control valve. , Other methods of providing ilnst-fiee air ut comfortable temperatures to ernitimmus miner operators such ns by low-piessme compressors or scinhhcis aie being cxplmed. None of these devices lias bad sufficient tests to merit complete evaluation especially in light of the unknown degree of the physio logical affect of breathing bituminous (nnl dust. Longwall milling sometimes introduces significant concentrations of coal dust into the nir stream In which ccilnin crew mem bers arc exposed. Etieouiaging results in sup pressing such dust by higli-picssmo infusion of water In ndvnnce of llic longwall face Iiiivc been experienced at tin- No. 2U Mine of The Gmbon l-Tiel Company. W ater infusion and other meaiis of v .l- ting and of collecting lust do have the addi tional benefit of reducing the possibility of dust Iicing raised in the almnsplieu- in cspln- xive amounts. Auxiliaiy ventilation, ext, pt where dust can be effectively collected oi d i luted nt the end of the lulling, docs not have this feature, and wlicic it Is nreessaiv to maintain high velm lli.s, II,nt dust will he carried for considerable distances in return airways. Suspended float dust and prccipi(nt<*| ac cumulations can be letideied Inoxploxixc by the use of Mickle dust,is u h u li inluiduie ) 1967 National .. / Congress rnmicli rock dirsi into llio u-turn nir slicam Io dilute llio coal (lust lo au incit miximc. Tills lias llic advantage of coiitlnuous protec tion and obviates the need to reapply rock dust in back entries. Some coal dusts aic p.iitlculaily dlllicult lo wet without tlie use of additls'cs or incrr.iM'd temperature to lower tin- surface tension of the water. Thu piinciple of in creasing the water temperature to improve "wettability" lias licrn used with outstanding results by at least one major company for special applications such as transfer points In tipples and in a long inclined surface convey or tunnel. They Imvc found that steam jets at critical transfer points will suppress the dust effectively through all subsequent trans fer points including final rail loading. There is, however, little encouragement that steam could be used practically in underground coal mines. Increased \ oitlil.ilion in the last open breakthrough and at the face is still t|ic most common means cf combating air-born dust. This is Ire I'ely because of the close relation ship of nielli.me and dust with lespeel In tin II I.lies nl III't 'Ml ithi ( e.enei.itiim ) lind llm necessity to dilute and remove lliuii. Many mines circulate quantities of fresh niij several times the legal minimum through Ihe last open breakthrough. Siipciinr quality prater ial for line ciutains is mnv available and is gain ing wider use in the iudustiy for conducting air into tin; working plate more effectively. Further, the industry has endorsed the liniled Stales IVrrcau of Mines proposal lo revise the permissibility schedule to require that boring-type mincis he designed with a 200-squnre inch cross sectional area for ac commodating auxiliary ventilation ductwork. As described in a paper picscntcd at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Mine Inspect* Institute of America by M. \V. Connor, Jr. of United States Steel Corporation's Cary Diiimoii, a iwn-split Si util.iUou system deM-liiped in that ilisisiou is being used In continl methane mil dust and lo diieet the dost generated at the fine away horn peisonnel. This Involved development of a mining se quence in which a separate fresh-air split is coursed over tlie continuous miner and di rected to the return permitting tire mining of two or three places on cycle. The system tirade more effective use of the ventilating j current at the faee by minimizing the use of < line brattice and eliminating the need for | shuttle cars to travel through cheek curtain'. Maintaining the lino curtain ahead of the 1 operator is essential in order to minimize 1 dust in his vicinity artel promptly dilute and ^ remove gas. I .title has been done i-Ncclivcly in tin; i medical fields toward the prevention m j treatment of silicosis aird other respiratory j ailments. Tin: "/Uuininunt 'Ibetapy" process ' involving inhalation of aluminum and alu mina dust ns it courrtcraclarrt which was de veloped by the indirstiy-spuirsored McIntyre llcscnrch Foundation itt Canada has largely j fallen into disuse. This is partly because the I Foundation required those contpanies to winch it licensed the process to employ ex tensive engineering controls to abate dust underground, and that these controls, lit themselves, were found to be. sufficient. There is some amount of controversy re garding tire methods and procedures for col lecting and precisely evaluating dust sam ples. The standard instrument ttserl for ycats In tin- eu.d tiiilii-.il v I- tin- iniilgi-l linpiligrr. Tin- iiiidgi I iiiqiiiii'.i i lias a .-.itttiplirig efficiency ol fit)-1 (Ml percent. Tltroslttrld lim its for mineral dusts ate based on impingr'i sampling, making the dust counts of such samples diieetly comparable. The United Kittles Ihtrcail of Miocs--I'tihlic Health Ser vice dust slttdy proposes lo ttsc other typer of sample collection devices for both ittca sampling and for "pei-amnel" sampling. Con current iinpiuger samples will he taken in order to establish a basis for conversion ol tire data collected during lire many years cl industry study of dust concentrations. The personnel samplers will bo used to determine the actual concentration of (lust to wliid) various occupations are exposed, at the breathing zone, over a full shift period. The experiment is expected to apart a period ol si-n ial years before meaningful data cartin' obtained for eimipatismt with clinical studio of icspiialnty ailments of millets. In Miiimiatiou, it is apparent that coal <lmt can and in most instances is being controlled to tolerable levels; and that tire industry Is willing to meet tire challenge posed by stud ies designed to determine whether coal dust standards should be improved. R R 000630 3 # d u s t c o n t (Ba n d ' 6 t Iie r s a fr fEctr vy 7;- MEASURES jgft A LONGWALL FAA gfi J . By II. C. MORTON Division Supt., Tlie Carbon Fuel Company, Cntboii, West Virginia Mill'll'! During tlie slimmer of 1003, along with oilier ollielnls of The Cnvlion Fuel Company, I visited the longwnll faces operating in Eastern Associated Corporation's mines lit Eopperston and Keystone. Our purpose was to evaluate the system ns n possible solution to roof control and recovery problems in our No. 20 Mina at Carbon, \V. Vn. No. 20 Mina it in the linglc Scam and at tlmt time had been operating for a little over two years. The roof in the m ine is composed of a strata of very soft and unconsolidated slinlc ! liich varies in thickness from twelve inches to ten feet. This roof strata can bo held very well in entries with wooden headers bolted 1 to tho top mill tim bered, however, when over COpercent of the scam is mined by con ventional room and pillar methods the shale roof becomes hazardous and dilllcidt to hnndlr. Consequently M-ain recovery was Imv, nut uver 55 percent, and tho cost of produc tion was about equal to the sale price. No. 20 Mine was about to fail and we were looking for a saviour. I was greatly impressed with tho luugwnll system I observed at Eastern Associated iMines--it was love at first sight. I felt nt that time tlmt the retreat longwnll method had the potential of the most economical, conservative and safest method of mining coal. Now, after having been directly asso ciated with longwnll mining for over three and a half years, my feelings have not (banged. Of course, the m ethod has not reached the potential--it lids probably now only reached alevel of evaluation crpinl to the model "A" Ford in tlmt line of excellent automobiles. As : r sang then, "llt-m y made a Lady out of li//y"--we nmv have sninctiiiug imne like a lid)' in the line of iiihilng c<|iilpuient. 3 No. 20 Mine is now opciating three sec tional units of equipment. In addition to the hngwall unit, one conventional shuttle car nit is used for developing longwall panel entries and one for mining ureas of the scam adjacent to old mine workings or crop nud property lines that cannot he lilted into the longwnil pattern. Although the development f: lection is driving only two entries which is 5 veiy iiii'liicient, since the long nil went into service, the mine has irui.dned in an em noniicnlly sound position. Our longwall (ace started npriatiug M.mli 2, 19(11. On July I, 1907, tho set thru hail operated 1,575 shifts and had- pioduced 1,103,2(12 tons of clean coal or 701). I!) tuns of clean coal per .shill. Add nlinut O'.'c fm seam rejects and the total mulct int handled was*1,379,077 tons or 870 tuns per shift. Op erating time for these cnlculnliun.s Iml'ides all tlie time the mine operated minus the time the longwall equipm ent was mm lug and being set up. Considering the fact tlmt we have experienced rseveml rather serious roof falls on the head and tail entiles ami mi the longwall fac-c and sulfeied from other problems which slowed production, we am at least not ashamed nl these (gores. Seam reiovei y as' we am pi c m ntly ep*'i.il log Is good. Tile fit si panel cult lex e.rm driven in sets of three entries on 70-ft. (en ters. Tho two rows of 51 ft. x S0 ft. thain pillars were left fit the gnh. While vvoillnr; with these projections we wen* iccovciin 83 percent of tin; seam men helweeu tlie hull' off and harrier pillar. Now, we are driving only two entries for development. The chain pillar between the raillies w idth is lei I in the goh is only 17 ft. thick ami 78 ft. long, :o we are now recovering 90.-17 percent of the seam nrca. Reducing the number of chain pillars left in the gob In one row of very thin pillars not only inei eased seam recovery hut it also contributed to our success with the system by eliiiiinuling squeezing in the tail entry and on llio tail sitie of tlie face. In uiy opinion, large non-) ieltlilig pillars left in till! gull behind tin- face ami |ielw'rli tlie caved mea and solid i-nal In lie mined no tlie adjacent panel bus lu en tin- pi ni pul cause of tlie holmes in the iilre a l bnigwall method of mining in most eases. 'I hey will also cause squeezing mid bum ping In otln i scams, over anti under, when they an: mined in later years. There have been inunemiis growing pains connected with the ietie.il Iniigwall stsleui A lot of learning lias been uctessai) anti a lot mure is needed helm e the svsp m rat lies ) 1067 National cty Congresi OFFICERS OF THE COAL MINING SECTION National Safety Council 1967-68 C.'-ncral Cfndrnniii--W illiam I'.miim, l'iltsl)iuj*U Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Library, l'a. First Vice-Chairman--J ames W estfield, U. S. Bureau of Mines, D epartment of tbe Interior, Washington, D. C. Second Vicc-C/iuirnum-RAt.i'U Banks, inland Steel Co., Scsser, III. Secrctnnj-U. F. W eave, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. ! i N'ewsU'tcr Editor--Rayiiurn II. F kaley, Consolidation Coal Co., Morgantown, W. Vn. Labor Representatives--` C icahles Fencoso.v ( Clinimmn), United Mine Workers of America, Washington, D. C.; Alueut P ajs, United Mine Workers of America, District No. 19, Middlcsboro, K>\; Hex L.vuck, United Mine Workers of America, Washington, D. C.; Leonard P nakovich, United M^ie Workers of America, Dlst. No. 31, Fairmont, W. Va. I iiifuiiiinoii.v Cmif Ui pii'M iitntii'i s -A. F. Coi i.r.ANir, I'oeahnnl.n Furl Co., Div. of Consolida tion Coal Co., Pocahontas, V a .;lio n tier W illiams, Colorado Fuel it Iron Co., Pueblo, Colo,; Coy South, Bell & Zollen Coal Co., Johnston City, 111.; E. E. Q uenon, Peabody Coal Co., St. Louis, Mo.; W illiam M eadows, The Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Co., Sturgis, Ky. Anlhiacite Representatives--Coal Associations' Representatives--QuiNM Morton III, Execu tive Secretary, Southern Coal Producers' Assn., Charleston, W. Va,; H arry C andy, Jr., National Coal Assn., W ashington, D. C.; Ford Samrson, Ohio Coal Assn., St. Clttirsvillc, Ohio; G eorge TiiLvonnow, Bituminous Coal Operators' Assn., Washington, D. C.; Ches ter T ruax, American Mining Congress, Washington, D. C. U. S. Bureau of Alines Repiesentatives--F rank C. M em m ott, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Dept, of the Interior, Washington, D. C. Mine Inspectors' Institute of America Represcntatioo--R. D. Bradford, U. S. Bureau of Mines, McAlester, Okla. Slate Mine Inspectors' Representatives--Arnold Snowden, Ohio Div. of Mines, Columbus, Ohio; Roiiert J. Manns, W est Virginia Dept, of Mines, Charleston, W. Va.; L eon Rorr, Illinois Department ul Mines and Minerals, Spiingfield, III.; D ennis J. Keenan, Penn sylvania Department of Mines and Mineral Industries, Crcssou, l'a.; A. II. Makdt, Kentucky Department of Mines and Minerals, Lexington, Ky.; W aiid Padcett, Okla homa Department of Mines and Mining, Oklahoma City, Okla.; H. T. W illiams, Alabama Div. of Safely and In Department of Mines and Miner Mlno Inspection Dept., Denver, Virginia, Dig Stone Cap, Va.; C mission of Ulnli, Salt Lake City, Utah. Engineering Committee--D onald M itchell (Chairman), U. S. linreaii of Mims, PinInirgb, Pn.; E. J. H linsky, WADCO, Goodman Division, Cliieago, III.; S. II. Vi.si, Jeffrey Manufacturing Co., Columbus, Ohio; C. A. Hailey, Applied ltcscarcli I.alinral.i;;., U. S. Steel Corp., Monroeville, Pa.; J ames E lkin, Durpirsne Light Cn., Coal Di-pl., Pittsburgh, Pa.; C. D. F ueli.sen, Joy Manufacturing Co., Kianldin, Pa.; Liovis !>. McNicki.e, llaiinn Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., C adi/, Ohio; C i.a i u i Jesse, Scmct-Solvay Div., Allied Chemical & Dye Corp., Tialce, \V. Va.; T om Kira:. U. S. Steel Corp., Frick Div., Uniontown, Pa.; 15. J. II aiiiiis, U. S. B ureau'of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa.; S. P. Polack, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa.; W . \V. D ansiiasv, Dethlelicm Mines Corp., Johnstown, P;i.; ltAi.i'H Kiiek, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Pill-Inirgli, Pa.; IIaiivey Yoonkeii, United Mine Workers of Amciica, D isliiil No. 2. liheosImrg, J'a.; James V. Buiigkss, Madison, W. Va.; John Ka ii.ii;, Kastem Associated Gu.d Corp., Pittsburgh, I'u. Entertainment Committee--E veiiett W hite fC/ininiuiiiJ, Mine Safely Appliances Cn., Pitts burgh, Pn.; II. E. Mauck, M ountaineer.Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., F.'iimont, W. Va. Training And Visual Aids Committee--H aiiolu D avis (Chatimmi), Coal Age, New Ymk, N. Y.; S. II. Mooney; W oodw ard Iron Co., Woodward, Ala.; M aoiui-.b F osvi.fii, Dmquesne Light Co., Crccnslioro, Pa.; P aul Duuzak, Freeman Coal Mining Corp., West Frankfort, 111.; W altkw F lhm inc, U. S. Steel Corp., Dinningliam, Ala.; J ulius Oi.v.m, Hamm C,, Div, of Consolldatlim Coal Co., C adi/, Ohio; Cr.nm:i-; L aiiii-., Mi le;m -l Im.L r Publications, Coal Mining A Processing, Chicago, 111.; D. S'. Kinceiiy, If. S. Buieau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pn.; F. D. Bakeii, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. I'rogtam Committee--W aiid Sta h l (Chairman), U. S. Bui can of Mim s, Dept, of tlm In terior, Washington, D. C.; E. L. IIakeii, Lynch District, U. S. Steel Corp., I.yinli, Ky.; Cil.vtiLEs D. Bowling, Sciuct-Solvny Div., Allied Chemical & D jo Corp., I.oiigai'ii', W. Va.; Paul L inco, North America Coal Corp., Ohio Div., Powhatan Point, Ohio; John Beeves, M id-Continent Coal and Coke Corp., Cnibondale, Colo.; l l .'L . Vr.-i s, lliluminoiis Coal Operators' Association, Washington, D. C.; Citam.cs II. Myi.iis, Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, l'a,; L ewis J esai.osky, Hanna Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio. Membership Committee--Jam es H u m .ey (Chairman), Noith American Coal Corp., Cleve land, Ohio; A. J. Ba h t l e it , Southern Coal Producers Assn., Charleston, W. Va.; Alex Ki Leman, Armco Steel Corp., Coal Div., Mootconl, W. Vn.; *C. 15. l.u iE i'o ;, Island Creek Coal Co., Holden, W . Va.; C laiienee J icsse, Scmct-Solvay Div., Allied Chemical & Dye Corp., Tralee, W . Va.; D ennis F iiaim-.y, Old Hen Coal Corp., Bruton. 111.; S. II. Mooney, W oodward Iron Co., Woodward, Ala.; II. E. M auck, Mountaine. r Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Fairmont, W. Va.; Ji:su; Sur.eerm. Ilamvi Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio. linn/ Control Ctmtmific-c--F iiancis It. Boyle (Chairman), Friek D isliirt, U. S. Steel Cuip., Uniontown, Pa.; Paul Budzak, Freeman Coal Mining Corp., West Frankfort, III.; :>.t i ) 1067 National J> g Congress John McCoitMinK, U. S. Bureau of Mines', Pittsburgh, Pa.; E. 10. Qut:non, Peabody Coal Co., SI. Louis, Mo.; W. S. McConnell, U. S. Steel Corp., Cary, W. Va.; E dward O nusciilc.k, Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal Co., Indiana, l'a.; IOm i.uv O lsen, Western | District, Coal L)iv., U. S. Steel Corp., Dragertrin, Utah; D. C. Jones, McLean-lltniter j Publications, Coal Mining & Processing, Chicago, 111.; C iiaiii.ls T. H olland, West J Virginia University, School of Mines, Morgantown, W. Va.; *Josiioa Sm iio , Eastern j, Association Coal Cmp., Ml. Hope, \V. Va.; A. M. Si i m i i .ii, Itcpnlillc Steel (hop., I Inion- V town, Pa. Publicity Committee--Hex Lauck (Chairman), United Mine Workers of America, Wash ington, D. C.; tlAtrnrsoN C ilm eii, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Departm ent of the Interior, Washington, D. C.; 1lEriDCiiT F ostfii, National Coal Association, Washington, D. C.; j A. E. F lowed, Coal Age, McGraw-IIill Publishing Corp., New York, N. Y.; IloiiEnT W. j Van EvEnA, American Mining Congress, Washington, D. C.; G lodce C. LtNDSAV, ' M cLcan-lIunter Prrlilications, Chicago, 111.; W aiuiin II. Moss, Continental Oil Co., j New York, N. Y. j I Off-Thc-Job Safety Committee--P r im Fluouson (Chairman), Bethlehem Mines Corp., 1 Johnstown, Pa.; W. H. P aiik, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Mt. Hope, W. Va.; J. J. Gkmacii, Jn., Virginia Div. of Mines, Big fjtone Cap, Va.; C aisson H n n u n s , District 28, United Mine Workers of America, Norton, Va.; T homas Diddle, W estmoreland Coal Co., Stonega Div., Big Stone Gap, Va.; W illiam Muncie, Bituminous Casualty Corp., Hock Island, III.; E. W. Lr.wis, North American Coal Corp., Ohio Div., Powhatan Point, Ohio. i Contest-Awards Committee--*IlAi\nY| Gandy, Jn. (Chairman), National Coal Assn., Wash ington, D. C.; R oiieut Vines, Bituminous Coal Operators' Assn., W ashington, D. G; Rex L auck, United Mine Workers of America, Washington, D. C. Research A nd rimming CoiimiiKcc--"W oods C. T alman (Chairman), U. S. Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; "Andhew .IIvsi.oi*, Ju., Hanna Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio; "HAiinv Gandy, Jn., National Coal Assn., Coal Rlrlg., Wash ington, D. C,; *C. E. L inkous, Island Creek Coal Co., Holden, W . Va.; " M. F . BneNNAN, United Mine Workers of America, District No. 7, lla/leton, Pa.; "J ames D. Reilly, II.lima Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., C adi/, Ohio; "Joshua Sm ii'II, F.astcrn Associated Coni Cori)., Mt. Hope, W. Va.; "C iiaiiles F eiicuson, United Mine Workers of America, Washington, D. C. Nomfrurtfog Committee--"W oods G. T alman (Chairman), U. S. Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; "Anduesv H yslop, Jn., Hanna Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio; " IfAnny G andy, Jn., National Coal Assn., Washington, D. C. Staff Rcprescntatlvc-CuNTON II. H oar, National Safely Council, d25 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. 60011. Part Cenerai Chairman PLAN NOW TO ATTEND THE NATIONAL SAFETY GONHRES!; OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / CONRAD IIIITON HOTEL, CHICAGO The Congress is always a big week, a worthwhile week for the 13,000 safety people who attend. At the '68 Congress you can meet oilier safety people, with the same problems and responsibilities as yourself. You can exchange views and ideas on accident preven tion, health, hygiene, and fire prevention . . . on safely in Industry, traffic, school, at home and on the farm. You can see the largest of all safety equipment exhibits :at the Congress . . . an opportunity for you to make wellinformed buying decisions for your company. This four-day educational program, planned and pre sented by the National Safety Council, can be your most thought-provoking, most worthwhile safety erpe rienco In 1968. Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and bring the other people in your organization who have safety responsibilities. FUTURE CONGRESS DATES 1968 Oct obe r 28 31 1969 Oct obe r 27 30 1970 Oct obe r 26 29 1971 October 25 28 1972 Oc t o be r 23 26 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 NOnTH MICHIGAN AVENUE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS COSI I 1067 ) Safety Congress minimum injury (o employees; to pmmoti: m.tvimum I'lliciemy; .uni In elfeet sax inus by pu-\ruling injmy ami l>y trilnring iulrm ip- tions r.niseil Iiv urinp.it ional .iiiiileiits." The objective was followed ly an outline of mellmds of olilaiiiini! tin' o b jrrliir: "The rllivlivi n- s ol the A rridrnl I'lrv eul iim I'l.in will depi ml upon (lie paitiriputiiui and rnopeinlimi of Mipi-iviMir; and employees of all ( iinli.u Ine. and utli ( nntiarlnri rligngrtl on lliis pmjeel, and llie coordination of their ellmIs in canyon' out tin: billowing basic procedures: 1. rimming all work to protect ngainst personal injury, propcity damage, and loss ol productive time. 2. Maintaining a system of prompt detec tion and collection of unsafe piactiees anil conditions. i 3. Making available and enforcing the use of personal protective equipment and me dian d guilds. i I t s( il'lislnnc an diet (i\r sw.t'-m oi tool and equipment inspection and maintenance. 5. L'.slablisliing an educational piogiam to insure the interest and cooperation of all em ployees tiunugh: A. l'eisonal esample anil s.itplv eoutacls. 1). Iusliiiction in safety icqtijicuumls and insistenen on coniplianaj with such requirements. i C. Safety meetings. D. Eflcctivc use of bulletins, posleis, or other safety literature. E. Investigation ol all accidents to de termine their cause and promptly tak ing the corrective action to prevent their recurrence. 6. Each contractor's and sub-contractor's principal supers isors shall obtain a copy of and shall comply with the Indiana Safety Code for the Construction bullishy, and mles and regulations applicable to the wink pei formed by cadi empluj or on (Ills pi ej ect." Follow log the outline of six methods to gain the objectives, the responsibilities of lbe chief piojcct engineer; the safety cooidina- tor; the coutiaetois and siih-contiaelois; and the job foremen arc outlined. The chief piojcct engineer is responsible for the entire plan as 1 have outlined it to this point and, in addition, must appoint a said;- coordinatin', aulluni/iiig him to en force safety measures and to lecommcml co in live action when suh-standaid pi no tices and conditions ate ohseiveil. Tlii> tcspmisihilily of the safely coordina tor is to follow all pli.ees ol the plan as they h ale been outlined ami in addition maintain adequate leeoids. The responsibilities of (lie contractor and soli eontlactin' ale; 1. (amiplv with all pins sinus of the Acci dent I'rcvcntiim Plan, including attendance at and paitieipalion in solely inert mg-;. 2. Appoint n qmililieil n pu ".eulnllvii with full aiilboiily to act on all m a t i n s idatingto tin: Accident I'levention I'lau. 3. l'lan wank to piolcct ngainst personal injury, property damage, and loss of produc tive time. 4. Cooperate with the project safety coor dinator. 5. Comply with the reqoiieinoiits of tlie Indiana State Code and all other codes relat ing to his operations. C. Provide to employees and visitors all personal piolectivc equipment required by (lie eipm m e and i iifnui: till' use of Mull equipment. 7. Insure that piontpt first aid is ndinlnhlined to an injured employee nod transport him to Iho project clinic or ns otherwise illreeled by tin: clinic. 8. Comply willi all requited accident re porting piocedmes. The outline ol the job foreman's iespoii'1bililies include: 1. Setting a good example for the men. 2. Instructing in safe work practices and work methods. 3. Use of proper protective equipment ami proper tools. 4. Checking for unsafe conditions anil practices. 5. Completely investigating accidents to dclciminc causes and taking all necessary coi ioctive action. (I. l'liiuiptly completing u qoiiod Acdilrnt Itepoits. 7. Holding meetings with men. 'llic limns Ibnlm r construction supcrvl sion and safety personnel are continually in the cnnsti tic-linn aicas nod insist on strict cnmplianci! with the Accident Prevention Plan and the "Ccueial .Safely Holes for Cun(actors". Tlie fact that the Hcthlchcm Steel Corporation provides workmen's compensa tion and gcneial liability insm.-mcc to cover approved cnnlractois on the project greatly enhances cnfi cement of the safely program hy Hcthlchcm and compliance with the progi.un hy the cooli actors. 20 000633 ) finn Sr- /#.' Weekly safely meetings :i the craft union stewards, held hy imimis IowsikI njiyiilj 1 solely |)i.i|'l:iin, fi ini :il- ly i >i-1 riiniiuittocs iiom tin's mcrli ijtjF 1iy*tI ii -111 - :>>it 11-1. tli plant pinlccliim mill sa SSnt V '' tl'l lei at inn mi lid . pi -j- personnel of tlic Uurns Hnrl Only liili-.jmi.ll, liter assist in tin1 rimiplianc'n ly nil rm iliac bave actnns, ulliet lliau finii icioiudri':, n tors tmvaiil III ili'.in d goal *if iiiasimiiiii leqtiiied tu Iniog i l e 'a lc ly pinoinm 1 I safe working cumlltinns. itilo line. 'Ihe aid n( th pini hasiug di pili I'ciindlenlly, tin- Imsliicss nj'iils fur (lie Itli'lil is cllli-.led u lu li Ilo' uno I -e l-ie units make solely Inins nl (lie cinisliutlloii irelisi iicIIiiiis liavi- In cu u n e. ..ii\ ami llii au-as ullli mcmlicis of tlic construction mid pniccdiuc lias berli iiio-.I cllcclivc. safety (le|iailinciils pointing out various enn- Olir priigiaiii i"- uni in d ile utliei |uu|'i.iiu ; slnicllvc improvements to further Improve ili tlie lonslriiclion indirsiiy. basini; Ilo: cimi the progiam. i inou denominator of planning, innlivalinn, Considerable time Is spent working with conimnnlcalion, and follmv tlirnugli nci-nui- panied willi drdieated liaul Work Oli tlie pali tlic A.F.L. emit union safety representative of cacti individuai mi Ilio rii'. W r attempi In to insure a mutual understanding that, fnr a a iiii|ilciiu:n( onr piogrnm svilii cnllitrau ni ami safety program to lie effective, requires the n diiecliicss of pinpnse climinallni; ' lip n - cooperation of Imlli management mid labor. icc" and tlie attilude "wc will Ioni; al tlie Without the complete sincere support of the pini doni lalcr". OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY By FBED OTTOHONI Senior Tndiistrlal Hygiene F.ugr., Bitrcnii of Occupational lleallli, California State Dept, of l'ublic lleallli, ncikelcy, Calif. Occupational health in the construction industry is a subject that has not yet re ceived any real interest or attention in the United Stntes. Articles appear from time to lime in the American literature on a specific health hazard, such as lung cancer In asbes tos insulators, or lend poisoning in painters. Ollier than a few papers originating In Callfuiiiia, where a stait has been made on the lie.it, i. i-'se, and dust problems of heavy equipment operators, almost nothing seems 1 have hern written mi (he present healili stilus of (lie individual crafts or on the over all health problems nr needs of the indnstiy. This lack of inleiest and work Is signifi cant. Either there arc no problems in the In dustry worthy of mention-, or there Is an ap palling lack of some vital Ingredient m Iik-Ii Is necessary for stimulating the growth of a systematic inlerrst in the health of moic Ilian four million Amnienn workers. First, let's define "occupational health". Hie term has been so loosely used over the last few ycnis Ilia! iulrlligrut discussion of the subject has been dilfieull. Some pe.>| b' interpict it to mean es'etyllilug frinii :i m l finger to the social well-lum:! of Ilit; i r . Io nian's family. For nor pin puses heir, how ever, occupational health means' the pirvrutimi of woik-cnusesl disease and disability I-; control of the work enviimunctil, an an i where bolli Ialini and m a n a le incili It.-"- a clear responsibility fur nlisersalioii, <Iim ii . sino, and h.a/aid m ulini. This d-'fiiiiliuii ;> quires pnilieulai meaning when one i.-ili.-, that the inajoiily of neenpalimial di i uses air not e n a b le ; they aie only preventable Five (aim lesions len e em it yed In m . m studies of occupational In alili pmbl< i , is in the constiiiclinu industry. We feel they are fundamental, If pingii'ss is In be made 'I le ni e (lie result of ncaily fisc yeais of n |.-"n a lions in California. T lirv di.amnlit ally r<>e d tire lack of iuleirsi. ihe lad; of. pinci mu-. a>.-l ilio lack of ai tino tliat be-et lite in>In-trv l! is recognized Ilint Ihe immediate d- io.iikI i f 'I ) ) 1907 Natioi. -iifetij Congress messing safe)' pioMems in the industry in tv in pint, lio i .-.sponsible for snlmicigutg iiny conceited inteicst in licaltlt piobh'ins. While no attempt is made licre to detract from the important responsibility for acci dent prevention in the industry, it is tune that piograms in wmk-imlticccl oNonv pro volition begin to icroixe the alleiilinn they Jeseive. High aeei.lnit ficipiencies cannot, hv any sln-tcli of tlie imagination, justify a lack of interest in healthy woiking condi- huger, faster, and mure powerful equipment, designed without eonsideiatiini for the l`i*Rleiiu health of the operator, is expected 1 intensify this hearing loss problem. It also# expected to introduce silicosis for tlie first time as a disease of tins operators of dozers, power shovels, anil fiont-cnd loaders. The equipment operator is not nlono hiving these health liazaids. I he recent re placement of the plasterer's conventions trowel with n spray nozzle has introducM serious hearing loss problems insofar as the Onr first conclusion--there is a basic need to recognize lhat construction workers are now suffering job-induced diseases and that new diseases will emerge with advancing tcclui. logy. . To the casual observer or even a member of the industry itself, it is reasonable to be lieve th at occupationally-induced diseases in construction work nre not a prbblcm. The plaster guns that we have measured nre con cei nerl. Further, Ihe gun application of Mbestos-coiitalning fireproof coalings continue! without control and without concern. JW, do .aitnan , -eMnmniii"m' Bt irnv - "regn u-larl-y-- mfrol lml ` ?s--tud---ie,s-- a. men worklog round asIll'SlOt flllSt-icaB very little dffldo !"* ho mill operator ant e iher oniffrn"" <" "rcn are being sub i. cc.ted* .to. t>h1__e_ --1r^i1s.k. tof asbestosis aA nn rdi lllut tnllgT McaUn'- crafts have long histories of working out doors in the fresh air with hammers, shove s, and other tools which have in th f past tradi tionally presented safety problems, but not health problems. I' A look at tlie Federal or Statq health sta tistics appear to snppm t this Cfincept: not because there is a lack of probldms, but be cause neither the Federal government nor the states--with tlie possible exception of Califom ia-keep any statistics on the sub ject. When no disease is reported, it is natu ral to conclude that none exists. However, what appears as no problem is, hi reality, no information on the problem. Experience In California supports this con clusion. In recent years, physician's reports of occupational diseases nmong construction workers have been coming into the State Health Department at approximately twice the average rate for all California workers. Since 1949, when recording began in Cali fornia, this rate lias been continuously among the tlncc highest of all the major in dustries. The diseases involve the skin, the lungs, systemic poisonings, hearing loss--es sentially the whole range of illnesses nor mally lieli. veil to lie in the eieliivive |imv- Inec of factory woikois. FitM Investigations suggest that more is to come. For example, an estimate based on hearing tests conducted at construction sites There arc many more examples. Plastic adhesive and surfacing materials hnve made life an itchy nightmare for the tile setter aid the cement mason. It is important to renlire that much of this skin disease Is ncconipi nied hy a priiiiaiient ulh-igy to the eprwf resin hardener used in the process. Tne slightest further exposure to the hardener brings on a repent case of the itch and the man is permanently disabled for any furtliei work with the plastic. f Another example involves today s welder There was a time when very little except or dinary steel was found on n construction job. An unprotected welder could work with verf little hazard from fumes. Alloys arc changinj this. For instance. Inhalation of the fume from manganese steel will producc^an illnes which closely resembles Parkinson s disease Consider nlso th at nickel, cadmium, vnni dium, and some other metals are toxic by in halation. , It Is d e a r that the pick and shovel on gone, and along with them w ent the fresh air and the iron man. The construction In dustry has entered the era of machines ant dii-iiiiv.ils, ami it should recognize this. A second conclusion--it must bn iocog nized that the methods which have been de vcioped for the protection of the factorj worker may not he feasible on a construct! by fully-qualified audiologists indicates tlial some 20,000 heavy equipment operators now working in the state have permanent noise- induced hearing loss. The trend toward * Most of the occupational health liternlun and practically all of the preventive methods in use were developed with the factor) worker in mind. T he factories critical industrial bcnltli pro: 19th and early 20th centim e where the interest, tlie rese . money has been invested. T he emphasis today, although comparatively small, Is still on the factory. As a result, the stnndard con trol methods available in all the textbooks, ventilation, isolation, enclosure, substitution, anil personal protection, are organized to make practical and economical sense in a factory setting. The factor)' hand works for the most part la a fixed location. Expnsuro Is repetitive and predictable over a long period of time. Utili ties aro available and control methods can ho designed, tested, and finally built-in ns part of the company's long-term capital invest-' ment. It is not unusual to see n $20,000 ven tilation system built into a plant to protect 10 or IS welders. But look nt the welders on the construc tion job. In n lifetime, each- will hnve dono about ns much work and generated as many fumes ns a fnetory welder. However, the control system here is non-existent, because the control methods in the textbooks do not mako practical or economic senso on a con struction job. Factory spray painting is done in a venti lated booth, according to th e books. Since a booth would cost too much on a construction |ol), wo scratch our heads and spray paint anyway. , Dust, noise, heat, and almost any health problem h controlled hy cookbook methods Intlie factosy. Tlie cook book doesn't work for construction, so w e live w ith the problems and hope they will go away. It Is now critically necessary th at we ac cept the (net th at a construction job is not the same as a factory job ond th at the fac tory hazard-control cookbook--although free -is not applicable. A third conclusion--we m ust begin to d e velop our own occupational health stand ards. The golden era of occupational health In llm United States ended In llm inld-lIKJO'*. Tin iiiovuineiit w hich begun In Iho IIMO's and provided w ide knowledge of Industrial diseases and excellent textbooks is slowly dying. T he Federal program is small and without legal authority. State programs not only hnve been declining in manpower, but show little lu tc r n th i the construction indus try. The tra d lU ^ ^ ^ ta n d n rd -se ttln g agency ) 'Serfion tin the country, the C iiV criurii'O lal I n _____ 'dependent upon its Juesq>iiying~ incHfllWS' for support. Its $13,000 yearly total budget will nut cover more than a fraction of the country's prob lems, and that fraction will be faclory-ot- icnlcd. On tills basis, it is unlikely that the with ly subsidized work that went Into helpin'.! tin industrialist to understand his problems ami to custom-tailor Ills environmental control will lro available to the construction Indus try. The fad s arc lhat the responsibility for providing a reasonably healthy place to wmk lies directly with construction labor, and construction management. A The need for environmental standards is growing with cncli day. Noise offers a floe example: Heavy equipment, trucks, compres sors, chain saws, jackhammers, and a wide variety of power hand tools nre producing henring loss that Is reaching scandalous pmportions. There arc choices. The individual contractor can hire an necoustics expert and modify these tools nt his own expense. As another choice, hn can attem pt to stuff ear plugs in Ids men, u method that will be 'I no practical value on a construction Job, and one that will probably reduce productivity. A popular alternative is to do nothing and let the insurance companies worry alioiit It. The sensible solution. Is to collectively wrlto a set of performance standards for power equipment. These can be written right now, from knowledge nt hand, and would specify maximum allowable noise in tensities nt an appropriate given distance from the equipment. T he tool manufacturers may hnve difficulties at first. But their engi neering and research departments arc avail able and In the best position to control hear ing loss nt the lowest possible cost. Adequate labelling also must be consid ered. Very few of tlie materials capable oi causing eye, skin, or lung problems such ns plastics, paints, welding rods, fluxes, sol vents, lulu (emits, etc., have useful warnin'; Inliels when limy leneli llm ciiustiiietlim sit' . This lins two negative elfects, in addition to the potential for injury. First, even the inter ested men cannot find nut how to protect themselves. And second, if the material does cause a problem, the men have no clear In formation that might lie useful in selecting ,i less harmful product for the next job. 23 1%7 N ) t'ly Congress 1 C ) .'i/ii Srvti. >i 'Ihis is pmliculnrly dramatized 1>>' the ex pel ifiicc of Die cement masons, where labels nro often so vague as to make it impossible for them to determine whether the surfacing material they are expected to apply on a particular job is a dermatitis-causing epoxy, a bronchospasm-causing urethane, or n rela te rly safe polyester. rl lie noise mid label pioulcms uro slriiiylit" forward. They follow the textbook closely. Others may not be so simple because of the mobile nature of construction work. Solu tions to these will require imagination and monev. Ideas from the space program are sure to be useful and we expect to see ex ploitation of the controlled individual envi ronment in the form of air-supplied suits for plasterers, cement masons, nnd welders; and air-conditioned, noisc-and dust-tight capsules for lie. vy equipment operators. Standards, once sct/can make these easily accessible at mass-produced costs. ' The logical approach Is to accept the re sponsibility and begin to develop some standards that can be put into contracts and equipment purchase orders; otherwise the industry faces attrition of skilled manpower, higher compensation costs, hazard pay, and if the problem gets bad enough, die inevita ble application of the ill-fitting industrial cookbook to these construction jobs. marked enough to prevent further employ ment. At this point, cause-clfect relationships are obscure. No single event can be held re sponsible, and llu! work force has a few less craftsmen. If by some chance tho illness is recognized ns work-induced, the last eniplover may be held responsible for the entire cost of compensation. This is no solution. ' For example, earth mover operators have long suspected that somehow spinal prob lems are connected with their jobs. Tills may or may not be so; there are no statistics. It is hardly possible that all equipment operators are born with bad tracks. It Is most likely, however, that tho vibration and bouncing on some types of scats oa some types of equip ment ate causing spinal damage. Unless it Is known, first, whether or not operators aw truly suffering spinal problems and second, exactly which machines and w hat condition! are responsible for the problems, preventioo of "hack trouble" will he impossible. W ith computers now available, It is fcosl- ble to record the pci threat details of every job, every illness, and every death for every man working In the construction Industry. Tliis should be lone by every craft union, with the cost shared by the employer. Rou tine computer output will then tell B whether painters die young, or equipment operators get silicosis, or plasterers get em physema, and whether the lung cancer uint This has been accepted without question for decades. Yet during the last year the writer has scon five construction jobs where sand blasters wero working. They all religiously wore tho proper helmets--but not one had aa air-supply hose connected to the helmed Apparently the air supply Isn't being figured into tho bids anysiiorc, even though It Is still In tho law. Diesel engines in underground construc tion nro an oxample of long-term, legal ero sion. Diesels were allowed underground only after long study and, finally, the setting of rigorous standards by the Bureau of Mines. These included specially designed engines, matching exhaust scrubbers, and ventilation rates based on numbers which accompanied the vehicle from the manufacturer. Compel!* tve progress over the Inst 20 years has led to tire erosion of standards and the acceptance of any diesel vehicle with a home-made scrubber, and ventilation rates based on nir f ' sampling methods th at have not been proved reliable. Tho engineered and tested stand ards and safety factors prepared by tire Bu reau of Mines ore being forgotten. Although t few controctors still use Bureau of Mines equipment, continuous pressure from tho in dustry has eroded the minimum standnrd. One thing is certain: eroded standards, no matter how legal, neither increase profits trir make diesel exhaust belter to smell nor safer to inhale. Tho competitive inducement to save money by shaving health ami safety costs need not continue. Coed applicable stand ards, ns they arc developed under our third conclusion noted nlxivc, can Ire u n d o a pail of all construction contracts and nil labor management contracts. In this way. lu-aHliy working conditions will he officially rccog-, nlzed as a legitimate cost of doing business, and the toll will bo paid in dollars by tire buyer of services rather than in tire health and longevity of tho craftsmen who provide them. ' The construction industry lias a host of 'hidden and pressing occupational health problems, svilh more to come. For the short term future, government rcscuo docs nut seem possible and a serious nml planned ef fort by management and labor is badly needed. Tho construction Industry has enjoyed nml become addicted lo the privileges of hard work and fresh air. Cliangc is nhs'ays diffi cult. Out ono way or another, like it or not, tho technology 'that we nro using to change tiro face of tho earth will. In tire long run, change us also. A fonrtli conclusion--records and statistics has been found in asbestos Insulators Is titttsl Ire kept. . bring controlled or not controlled. I ic|>e:it, lic.illh infottn.ilion on writhing A lilllr coni'losiim iiiiifiiiiii, iviismmlik mcit is scarce. This is particularly so irt the regulation must bo insisted on. construction industry because even the infor Competition is very real In construction. mation that is obvlotts in a factory is clouded In fact, it appears to be so fierce that It oft by the nature of construction work. is cited as the justification for poor health A factory is a relatively permanent envi and had safety practices. For instance, th< ronment. Jobs acquire reputations: they question as to why water is not being used smell; old timers get lung disease; this or to control dust on n given haul road very that chemical will make you sick if you in hale it. Tills is epidemiology In its most primitive form, done without the help of the professionals or the government. Neverthe less, it is very effective in discovering dis eases and developing control methods. Contrast this with a construction job. Tire office is often a house trailer and a single craft is not likely to be on a given job for more than a year. Who now is going to do the pidrmlology? Work-Induced health dama;, uiIlona1 by a craft dut lug tire course of a single project very easily liasses without notice. It is not until a series of such projects --and years-have passed that disability is often will bring the reply th a t th is Is highly commendable; how ever,' it was not Included in the job estimate because the competition never includes such tilings, and in order to bid tire job successfully it was necessary to dispense with the water wagons". This is a standard answer for many prob lems. Its effect is to penalize the legitimate contractors nnd to make the natural growth of healthy working conditions next to imporslblc. This fanatic interest In cost-reductioo seems to Iw eioiling lire few existing lrcalUi standards accepted by the Industry. For example, everyone knows that a sand blaster should wear an airsupplied helmrt. 000635 M , . , M 24 0)07 Sut ) Count cm murs arc different. Following the directions of the manufacturers in mixing and applying these chemicals is the safest policy and will give the most effective rcse'ts. The person in charge of the program should he well ac quainted u ilh the tenus used in the icoint- mended instructions and familiar with the equipment provided to do the job. Hit knowledge must be thorough and accurate, for according to the old saying, "It's better to know nothing than to know something that s not mi". i ) ) OFFICERS OF THE CONSTRUCTION SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 Cenerai Chairman--*T. S. McKosky, Supervisor of Toolhouses, Bethlehem Steel Bethlehem, Pa. Vice-General Chairman--*W. G. Bryson, Safety Director, Tidewater Construction Norfolk, Va. Cenerai Secretary--^ F rederick H. D eec, Mgr., Accident & Fire Prevention Dept., ican Mutual Insurance Alliance, Chicago, III. Assistant Cenerai Secretarli--' F red A. H ornsey, In., Product I.ino Manager, Mine Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. ' ' Corp., Corp., Amer Safety DIVISIONS Building--'B ronson A. Cole, (C hairm an), Safety Engineer, Engineering & Constructirni Div., Koppcrs Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pn.; Charles F. Spariii-.i.i., ( Vic (.-Chairman /, Assistant Chief Engineer, Liberty M utual Insurance Co., Chicago, 111.; Ralph Adams, Safety Engineer, Miller Davis Co., Melrose Park, III.; Ralph W. Armstrong, Supervising Engineer, Engineering Div., The Travelers Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn.; I.Ioiin I). Bonham, Supervising Engineer, Joyce & Co.. Chicago, III.; Ciiari kx \V. Donni.s, Jn., Manager of Safety, Ceco Corp., Chicago, 111.; Henhy V. Cahvii.l, Safety Director & Insurance Manager. Henry C. Beck Company, Dallas, Texas; Paul II. Connelley, United Brotherhood of Carpenters tt Joiners of America, Washington, D. C.; W aiwen C. IIarcreaves, Safety Director, Fruin-Colnon Contracting Co., St. [amis, Mo.; II. F. Huber, Safety Director, Beacon Construction Co., Boston, Mass.; Noimiiivr J. Hynik, Safety Director, Associated General Contractors of Greater Milwaukee, Milwaukee, AVI*.; Frederick M. Livingston, Jr., Snfcty Director, Turner Construction Company, New York, N. Y.; Robert D. McCall. Manager of Accident Prevention, Construction Industry Advancement Program, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Much J. McRae, Asst. Sccy. Building Comlrnction Employers' Assn., Chicago, III.; Francis L. Otto, Construction Specialist, Ollice of Occupational Safety, Bureau of Labor Standards, U. S. D epartm ent of Labor, Wash ington, D. C.; Alfred L. Peiiini, Jn., Safety Dir., Pcriul Corp., Framingham, Mass.: Richard E. Sciiiiokoeii, Director, Home Ollice Engineering Services, American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Wakefield, Mass.; Donald W. Stilwei.i., Jn., Safely Supervisor, The Ccco Corp., Chicago. III.: Gf.nb W assf.iiman, Safety Director, Wcxlcr Coiistriu lion Company, Inc., Newton Highlands, Mass.; |*ltonEaT A. W endell, Chief, Safety Office, U. S. Army Engineer Division, South Atlantic, Atlanta, Cn.; Iack W ilkinson, O iin tor. Education, Welfare & Safely, Laborers' Intcrnationnl Union 01 Noilli Anieilca-AFL-f.TO, Washington, D. C.; EnwiN N. Ziner, Project Manager, Ccorgc 1). II. Macomhcr Co., (ABston Station) Boston, Mass. ficao[/-*DAN C. C hristie, (C hairm an), President, The Christie Co., Sacramento, Calif.; James R. MiLon (Vice C hairm an), Safety Manager, H. K. Fergii'on Co., Cleveland, Ohio; I ' GnoncE E. Ano, Safety Engineer, United Engineers and Constructors, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa.; John Barker, Salcty Supervisor, T he Ralph M. Parsons Co., Los Angeles, Calif.; C arlyle F. Bunn, Chief, Safety Branch, U. S. Army Engineer D M ih t sas City, Kansas City, Mo.; C. M. Cahill, Safety Engineer, Massmaii Construction , Kansas City, Mo.; F red S. Cameiion, Safety Supervisor, Eliasco Services, Inc., v York, N. Y.; Jack Chambers, Al Johnson Construction Co., Minneapolis, Minn.; itNE L. CrmisTENsEN, InsuMnco Mnnagor & Safety Director, T he ltust Engincriiug K,j., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Jack R. D uncan, Director of Industrial Relations, Tanner Bros. ,bntnictlng Co., Phoenix, Ariz.; JN eil E. CAiinEn, Consultant, Hinsdale, 111.; TV. K. 'HArcrove, Safety Engr., Engineering Design and Construction, Tennessee Valley Antnyrity, Knoxville, Tcnn.; W. M. IIoxle, Chief, Safety Office, U. S. Army Engim-er f)fv., |W England. W altham, Mass.; D. F, H uddleston, Senior Accident Prevention Officer, Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, Toronto, Ont., Canada.; Joseph F. ) II untm an, Construction Specialist, Employers Mutuals of W ausau, River Forest, III.; C layton C. Kilpatmck, Safety Engineering Supervisor, F ort of New York Authority, World Trade Center, New York, N. Y.; A. It. K i .asiiak, M anager of Safety, liunklnCoukey Construction Co., Cleveland, Ohio; liowAiin S. L atham , Chief Salety Engineer, llureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo.; Dale M aiiii, Vice l 'res., Safety Director^Operat ing Engrs., Local Union 3, San Francisco, Calif.; Houeivt J. M assman, Safety Engineer, Massman Construction Co., Kansas City. Mo.; C. Russell Mattson, Manager, Accident Prevention, Dravo Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.; W illia m U. M uiiphy, Chief Safety Office, Chief of Engineers, Departm ent of the Army, W ashington, D . C.; C harles R. NE lion, Salety Supervisor, Stone fit W ebster Engineering Corporation, Boston, Mass.; J. II. O 'N eill, Safety Sapvr., '1 lie Fluor Corp. Ltd., Los Angeles, Calif.; Erne L. Peiilky, Pcdley-Knowlcs fir Co., San Francisco, Calif.; C lu ff A. P f.teiison, Director of Safety, Vinnell Corp., Alhambra, Calif.; F rank Roiieots, Industrial Relations Manager, Dravo Cnrp., Bellevue, Wash.; A nnum L. StaiMtuiL, Dbeetor, Safely and Training Division, Thu Associated O n cral Contractors of America, Inc., Washington, D. C.; T homas ], S eymoum, Safety Engineer, Tennessee Vnllcy Autlioiity, Knoxville, Tenn.; L ee D . T ract, Director, Loss Control, Ingram Corp., New Orleans, La.; J acod J. Veatch, Chief, Safety Olfice U. S. Army Engineers Division, Missouri River, Omaha, Neb.; O. C. W akefield, Chief, Safety Office, St. Paul District, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, St. Paul, Minn.; J* E arl W. W iieeleh, Safety Engineer, Nasal Facilities Engineering Command, Navy Department, Washington, D. C.; Kenneth A. W h it e , Chief, Safety Office, Chicago Dis trict Corps of Engineers, Chicago, III.; Jebom e J. W illiam s, D irector of Safety, Mor- rison-Knudsen Co., Inc., Boise, Idaho; James R. York, Safety Engineer, Carden B. Hall, Inc., Danville, Calif. i ilip.hwmj--|*D oN .\ni W . D ooson (CleAumnu), Manngor, Engineering Dept., Aetna Casualty ft Surety Co., Chicago, 111.; EucENit W. ltoimiNs (V iee-C lm innan), Managing Director, Contractors Division, American Road Builders' Association, W ashington, D. C.: H omer F. C lark, Safety Officer, Department pf Commerce. Bureau of Public Roads, Washington, D. C.; Raymond R. C iiosve, Director of Safety, W estern Pennsylvania Heavy it Highway Constinotion Industry Advancement Program Fund. Pittsburgh, Pa.; J. M ontgomery F aiuiMi, Director of Education & Training, Virginia Road Builders Assn., Richmond. Va.; L eonard F reed, Ohio Contractors Assn., Columbus. Ohio; D ave CAimiELSON, Safety Director. Johnson Bros. Constructors. Inc.. Litchfield. M inn.: Pinr.it A. I I avey, Supt., Nome Office Engineering, The Hartford Insurance Croup, H artford. Conn.; D ale R. Mf.usker. Dale Medsker ft Associates, Inc.. Atlanta, On.; W ahiien R. M knurl, Engi neering and Grading Contractors Assn, of California. Los Angeles, Calif.; C harles R. N elson. Safety Supervisor, W arren Bros. Co., Cambridge. Mass.; Robert O. Nimmo, Safety Director, Peter Kiewit Sons', Inc., Omaha, Nebr.: Roy H. O lson, Safety Engi neering Consultant, Michigan Mutual Liability Co.. Lansing. M lrh.; J ames A. Ramsey, In.. Safety Director. Western Contracting Corp., Sioux Citv. Iowa; W. B. Saleman, Milbum Brothers, Inc.. Mount Prosnect, III.: Robert E. V euoie. Asst. Mgr. Pacific Regional Engineering Dept., Furm an's Fund Amciican Iiisiunncc Companies, San Fran cisco, Calif. Home Buihfiiig--1*IRoui-nr L. Moour. (C hairm an), Assistant Secretary, Lumbermans Mutual Casualty Co,. Chicago, III.: Nelson B. N issen (V ice-C hairm an), Chief Safety Engineer, Argonaut Insurance, Menlo Park. Calif.: F rank R. D w vEn. Mgr., Engineering Dept.. Reliance Insurance Cos.. San Francisco, Calif.; C l e m e n t 1. L u fpke. Consultant, East St. Louis, III.; War. P. Younoclaps, Jn., M anaging Director, T he National Beiiiiidelcis Assuci.itinn, New Ymk, N. Y. Spccuillti--'T . J. L askowski (Chaiim im ), Safety & Claims Supervisor, Transit Insurance Administrators, San Francisco, Calif.; IMAnTiN F. M uliia li. (V ice-C hairm an), Manager, Safely Eneineering Dept., Fred S. James ft Co.. Chicago. III.: V incent D. AuHuciion, Director. Field Safety, Nooter Corp.. St. Louis, Mo.: C. A. B ea ne. Asst. Sales Manager, Fibre Mctnl Products Co., Chester, Pa.; B ay L. B eei.f.r. D irector of Leglstrntlve Affairs, The Asst, dated General Contractors of America, Inc., Snlem, Ore.; R aymond W. Brandt, Director Safety Services, O'Rourke ft Company, Inc,. F ort W avnc, Ind.; Archer W. Brown. Chief F.ngr., American Holst A Deirick Co.. St. Paid, Minn.: Alan F. Btmen, Safety Director, International Union of Operating Engineers. AFL-CIO, Washington, . D. C.: FnEn A. Camimiell, Insurance Manager, J. F. Pritchard & Co., Kansas City, Mo.; R. J. D ouciierty, Corporate Director of Safety. Stcam s-Roger Corp., Denver, Colo.; Rfrnif. M. E nfteld, Safety fit Training Director, Chicago Bridge fit Iron Co., Oak Brook, III.; fCERAno O. CntFFiN, Manager, Hazard Control, Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, Pi.; 60 ) Charles J. H art, Sccrclnry, Codes St Stamfords Comm., National F.lcc-tricnl Conti acini s Assn., Ine., W ashington, I). C.; IRoniacr L. J enkins, Consultant, I'nlom nc, M d.; W aiiihi: W. Kinc, Chief. Safety Oilicc, U. S. Army fttigfuecr Division, N oith I'acifir, IM idjud. . Oregon; J ohn V. O 'Hihun, Safety Supv. it I.nhor Hclalions Repr., B echtel Cinporalioii. San Francisco, Calif.; H enry T. Ficnr/., F.dilor, Const i act ion M ethods & Kiioipiiiritt. New York, N. Y.; Alan Hkei>, Manager, Product liiigiiiecriug, D aniel Woudlv.-ad Co., Chicago, 111.; ItODEUT C. Henfuoe, Chairman of the Hoard, J. C. Itcnfioc & Sons, Ine., Jacksonville, Fla.; G. J. Sam son, General Manager, Construction Safety Associations ol Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; A. J. Soaruino, Safely D irector, Jalinrke S m ite, New Orleans, La.; Joh n G. Sellers, Safety Engineer, Cumliiistlim F.iigincrriiig, Inc., Windsor, Conn.; H unteh 1'. W harton, Cencral President, International Union of O pcrating Engineers, W ashington, D . C.; Steph en R. W hited, Regional Sales Mgr., E. 1). Bullard Co.. Barrington, ill.; Victor E. W hitehorse, D irector of Safety, International Hrnlhrilinotl of Electrical W orkers, Washington, 1). C.j E. I.. W ilso n , C chm iiI SnpcivKur of Safely, American Uildgc Dlv., U. S. Steel Coi'p.. l'lltshnigli, l'a. STANDING COM M ITTEES Program Com m ittee--V /. G. Bryson, Coordinator; Co-Chairmen: C. F . SrAnnEt.L (B uild ing), L ee D. T racy (H e av y ), E. W . Robbins- ^ H ighw ay), M. F. M u i.h a i.l (Specially), Membership Coinmfftce--H. V. C arvili (C hairm an), B. A. C o l e , D an C. C hristie, D. W. Dodson, T. J. L askosvski, Robert L . M oore. Newsletter C om m ittee--B. hi. E nfield, Editor. Health C om m ittee--C lare B. Schw artz, n.N. (C hairm an), Em ployers M utuals of Wnmnii, River Forest, 111.; E iiwaiir L. M cC recor, Cencral Sales M anager, U n l/F lcx Div., M edi cal Supply Co., Rockford, 111.; Roiiert D . M oliiam ., M anager, W estern District, Welsh M anufacturing Co., Snralogn, Calif.; J ane T. Sloane, r .n ., Ciinslruction Nurse, O. K. Ncwberg Construction Co., Chicago, 111.; Jean R. W elsh , r .n ., Construction Nni.tc, Hartnett-Shaw Sc Associates, Chicago, III. Research C om m ittee--P. A. Havet (C hairm an). Public Relations Com m ittee--IluNTEn P . W iiauton (C h airm an ). ' Training Coinmittee--Arthur L. Sch m u iil (C hairm an). Visual A ids Com m ittee--R. J. D oocherty ( C hairm an). Standards Com m ittee--D an C. C hristie (C hairm an). Special Protects C om m ittee--W m . B. M urphy (C hairm an). Off-ihe-Job Com m ittee--P au l II. C onnellky ( C hairm an). Nominating C o m m ittc e -E . W . W heeler (C hairm an), C E o n c s E. Ano, F rederick If. Deec, Robert L . M oore, Robert A. W endell. Honorary L ife M em b ers-R. 'J- Beh ley, C. M . C ah ill. Staff Representative--C harles J. P opke, J r., National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60811. (Cast General Chairmen 'Administrative Committee i (Task Force , r 81 OFF iCERS OF THE ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SECTION j t Off-the-Job Committee--L aw rence Zepernick (C hairm an), Safety- Mgr., Fairchild Camera & Instrument Corp., Syossct, L. I., N. Y.; M unoocn G. PnYon ( Vice-Chairman ), Safely Mgr., Allen Bradley Co., Milwaukee Wis.; C. E. H ayden, Mgr., Sal. & Security, Philco Corporation, Philadelphia, Pa.; C. L ang, Supvr. of Snf., W estinghouse Elec. Corp., RelayInstrument Div., Newark, N. J.; Herbert J. Peace, Safety Engineer, General Dynamics, Electronic Div., Rochester, N. Y. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 General Chairman--B. D. T urney, Corp. Safety Dir., Texas Instruments Inc., Dallas, Tet\ Vice Chairman and Secretary-Alan Reed, Manager, Product Engineering, Daniel Wood-, head Co., Northbrook, 111. Membership Committee--B. T. King (C hairm an), Safety Engineer, Charles Bruning Div. of Addressograph-Multigmph Corp., Mt. Prospect, 111.; W illia m R. B illett (Vlca-j, Chairman), Safety Dir., Frigidaire Div., General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio. I Kl Program Com m ittcc-A. F . C iciiy (Chairm an), Loss Prevention Mgr., Ccneral Telephone!;- Electronics Corp., New York, N. Y.; W. C. Moohiiead (Vice C hairm an), Adm., Saf. Health Dept., AMP, Harrisburg, Pa.; C. W m . W alters, Manager, Loss Prevention, Auto-* matic Electric Co., Northlake, 111. Ni in h ttir Committer N. Richmond (C haliinan), Ailmliil.vlriilnr, Safety & ni'iicllts, ItCA-'Scivice Co., UM LAVS Project, Clnimmlnsoii, N. J.; Giioncu iluoni.s (Vlcc-Chnlrman), ; Supervisor of Safety & Acc. Prevention, Westinghouse Electric Corp., Buffalo, N. Yc ]' 'Long Range Planning Com m ittee--R. E . W hiteside ( Chairman ), M anager, Safety & I leallli Services, Employers Insurance o f W ausau, River Forest, ID.; F . C. P etecoy, Safety Engl ' necr, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; J. A. " WALonoN, Saf. Supvr., Packard Elec. Div., Gteneral Motors Corp., W arren Ohio. vTvM 1 .Cameron Award Coordinators--G zo n cz M acD onald, Vice-President, Self-Insurers Service, $ j Inc., Chicago, III.; R. E . W hiteside, Manager, Safety & Health Services, Employers lu- nuance of W ausau, n iv er Forest, IU. a- * ' P-'Sla/J Representative-Joseph H . Vansickle, Industrial Dept., N ational Safety Council, -125 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. GOGil. - J ' !) Port General Chairmen--1047-49, E . K. T aylor; *1949-50, II. B. D ui fus; 1950-51, M. F. $ 1 ' Biancardi; 1951-52, C. N . F ocg; 1952-53, J. M. T ransue; 1953-54, M. L. M iller; 1954-55, J. A. E dmonds; 1955-50, J. J. L awler; 1950-57, C. F. Sciilu eteh ; - *1957-58, Y'"j E. E. CEDHAnT; 1958-59, G . W . Koch; 1959-00, W . F. McC iiesney; *1900-01, E. J. 1 Turton; 1001-02, C . M acD onald; 1002-03, C. R. S m it h ; 1003-01, F. C. P n u -cn v ; I 11)01-03, II. A. P eiikinm; 1003-00, J. A. W aldiiun; 1 0 0 0 0 7 , It. K. W hitu m i.i:. ` Deceased. : . Research and Engineering Committee--T h o m a s McBrien (C hairm an), Supervisor, Safety) I Services, Westinghouse Electric Corp., Baltimore, Md.; Icon L imansky (Vice-Chairman),}'. Fellow Engineer, Westinghouse Electric Corp., Aero-Space Div., Baltimore, Md.; J*a Conway, Safety Director, Sylvania Electric Corp., Electronic T ube Div., Emporium, Pi.; IIai v i y IIoncins, Safety Director, Rauland Corp., Chicago, III.; E. S. Kopes, Bell Tele-' phone Lal., Laurcldalc, Pa.; L. E. L a ie iu i, Managing Director, International Assoc, ob; Electrical Inspectors, Chicago, III.; GEoncE M ac D onald, Vice-President, Self-Insurers ,V Sen-ice, Inc., Chicago, 111.; CiiAnLEs H. M axen, Safety Engineer, RCA Corp., Lancaster,'.;-. Pa.; F riend M iller, Safety Supervisor, Westinghouse Electric Corp., Electronic Div., Elmira, N. Y,; J. L. M onnow, Safety Engineer, Collins Radio Co., N ew port Beach, Calif.;.'-f Robert M yles, Safety Director, Color Tube Div., Motorola, Inc., Franklin Park, 111.;.. G eouce II. Poi-u, Managing Engineer, Casualty & Chemical Hazards D ept., Under--], writers' Laboratories, Northbrook, 111.; L. F. (G u s) Sw ineiieart, Project Engineer, Daniel Woodhead Co., Northbrook, 111.; T ed WomiOL, Safety Director, National Video ' Corp., Chicago, IU. Education anil Training Committee--A. J. C lauseii (C hairm an), Manager, Health and. Safety, General Electric Co., Rome, Ga.; J. W. L oopeh (V ice-C hairm an), Safety Dir.,!] National Cash Register Co., Dayton, Ohio; Russell Johnson, Safety D ir., George D.fi Roper Corp., Kankakee, 111.; J. A. E dmonds, President, Daniel W oodhead Co., NorthA! Ig>ffei:i;., brook. III.; Roukiit D. M ahon, Safely Director, Collins Radio Co., C edar Rapids, Iowi;^' H oward P. Micheneii, Manager of the Engineering & Safety Regulations D ept., National Electric Mfgrs. Assn., New York, N. Y.; L eo A. M iller, Chief Safely Engineer, Strom- 000638 berg Carlson, Rochester, N. Y.; E. C. Van C ata, Corp. Safety Dir., Skil Corp., Chicago,'* 111.; B. L. W eder, Asst, to Insurance Mgr., SCM Corp., New York, N. Y. ) 1967 Natiotu Safety Congress be brought into the picture here. I t looks . like the Department Superintendent, or Production Manager; or maybe even the Factory Manager, has not spelled out in clear and concise terms just w hat tho Foreman's safety responsibility really is. You will recall that w hen John finally de cided to shut die machine down he stated, "I'll probably get fired for tills." ) QUESTIONt W hat about language? Is it just "shop Foreman talk?" John'i 1 | ^ OFFICERS OF THE A N SW E R : I t may be, b u t it sure could con vey the wrong impression to anyone work ing for him. I think he would command m uch more respect as a leader if he talked of and thought of his fellow workers will more respect. !\'i M ' `i \ GLASS AND CERAMICS SECTION if.n;:.-,.. . . !i:'! . . . . . i i y'AfO . ' National Safety Council 1967-68 I # ' ::( ; -, $ General Chairman--J o h n J . L o n g , PPG Industrie^, Cumberland, Md. . " . ' First Vice-Chairman--John W . B l o o m , Owens-Illinois, Inc., Fairm ont, W . Va. i>r': ' 1 Second Vice-Chairman--A n d r e w O r e s i c k , PPG Industries, F o rd C ity, Pa. VKil! ' jS e c r e ta iy -H . C l a r e U n d e r w o o d , PPG Industries, Pittsburgh, Pa. . i' Newsletter Editor--R i c h a r d R e i l l y , PPG Industries, Ford City, Pa. >'# IkProgram C om m ittee-E. ^ . T h o m p s o n (C hairm an), F ord Motor Co., Nashville Glass Plant, M Nashville, T e n n . s *C. D o a n N o c e , PPG Industries, Crystal City, M o.; A n d r e w J . P a v u x , i-, Hunt Foods and Industries, Inc., Penrysburg, Ohio. j I . . . V'i- . * , i ` ` i*. ' . `(dig ........;% jj| ' Wealth Committee--Jo n o z| H e r n a n d e z - O s u n a (C hairm an), Accin Social Reglomontana, Monterrey, N. L . Mexico; *W. G. H a z a r d , Owens-Illinois, Inc., Toledo, Ohio; RA i .r u F ord M otor Co., ^Nashville Glass Plant, Nashville, Tenu.; J. T . D e s t e f a n o , PPG n S II nm dustries, PD il tMtasl bt i ui Mrige thi , URs aa . . W f Engineering Com m ittee--*J o h n V. S k e n d a i x . (C hairm an), H arblson-W alker Refractories S;v Co., Pittsburgh, P a . * F i(a n k M a n n i n g , Ford Motor Co., Glass D iv., Dearborn, Mich.; B.i A l a n B o d e r , PPG Industries, Clarksburg, W . Va. p. .: 1 < ^Membership Com m ittee--D a v e C h a r l e s w o r t h (C hairm an), Ball Brothers Company Incor- vporated, Mundelein, lll.;\ ' J o h n R H E iN H E iM E n , H unt Foods, Inc., Fullerton, Calif.; V R ic h a r d H u c k e , Owens-Illinois, Inc., Vineland, N. J. Iff th e -fo CommMfee-CuAM.ES B. B e a c a n (C hairm an), Ball Brothers Co., Inc., M unde, 'lod.; D o n a l d D . H o b b s Anchor Hocking-Glass Corp., Lancaster, Ohio J * ' twining Committee--A. D . D a v i s (C hairm an), PPG Industries, Creighton, Pa.; C h a r l e s >R. H a i n e s , PPG Industries, Mt. Vemon, Ohio; R. E. S o u r w i n e , PPG Industries, Pitts burgh, Pa. Safety Promotion Com m ittee--C e o r c e W . T e t h e r l y (C liairm an), Foster-Forbes Class Cb., \ Marion, Ind.; C. S. K r a i t , PPG Industries, Henryetta, Okla. ;r, Research Committee--J a m e s D. S h a n n o n (Chalrm on), Ford M otor Co., Class Div., Dearborn, Mich., F itA N C is E. L a C h a p e l l e , Owens-Illinois, Inc., Hnpevlllu, Co. oeiafioru Com m ittee--R o r e r t A. S m i t h (C hairm an), Owens-Illinois, Inc., Toledo, Ohio; W. W> B o x e l l , Foster-Forbes Glass Co., Marion, Ind. ) ) *f*i. Nominations Com m ittee--*F rank M anninc (C hairm an), Ford Motor Co., Class .DlVig,- Dcarbom, Mich.; J o h n W . B l o o m ( 1st Vico Chairman ), Owens-Illinois, Inc., Fairmont, V f.H I Va.; *C. D oan N oce, PPG Industries, Crystal City, Mo.; Jo h n J. L ong, PPC Industria, Cumberland, Md. OFFICERS OF THE rlf. !V*k; II. RUBBER AND PLASTICS SECTION (t "Blowers and Punger" C om m U tee-l Past General Chairmen ) - F b d G. A n d e r s o n , Com ln|,| w N. Y.; H. V. G ardner, Owens-Illinois, Inc., Toledo, Ohio; John P. Stephen son, Ball Bn,d k Co., Inc., M unde, Ind.; J ames L. Monnis, T he Federal Gloss Co., Columbus, Ohio;) National Safety Council 1967-68 J C. Dittm er, Cranford, N. J.; T. R. D onochuk (deceased), PPG Industries; W. 0.' Hazard, Owens-Illinois, Inc., Toledo, Ohio; H arry A. Jackson, Frigidaire Division Plant? # 3 , General Motors Corpi, Dayton, Ohio; J. H. Gatrell, American Saint Gobain Corp,'| Kingsport, Tenn.; J ohn B. F llen, Kopp Glass, Inc., Swlssvale, Pa.; Russell W . FhANijj CsMMl Chairm an--L . W . Boulton, Safely and Plant Protection Supvr., .Polymer Co. r,V; Samia, Ont., Canada. ` Ferro Corporation. Cleveland, Ohio; Clyde C. Ruddick, Bethel Park, P ^ J ohn V. dall, Ilarbison-Walker Refractories Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; E dwin L. W ray, Ball chairm an-E . E. C oldsworth, Safety Dir., Cates Rubber Co., Denver, C Vice Chairman- # A Co., Inc., M unde, Ind.; C linton Ballinger, Owens-Illinois, Inc., Cos City, Ind.; Jo sE T H ^ fel c lw lrm en -l. R. W etiieriiolt, Safety & Security S u p t, Unlroyal. Inc., Joliet. E. Morrison, Houston Clieuiical Corp., Beaumont, Texas; Jo h n Riiein iieim e r , H u n t.^ p g Sw* Vice cn a vm a n j Foods, Inc., Fullerton, Calif.; Robert W. Moulton, Ball Brothers Co., Inc., M unde, Ind.;-,ff*^t - -5: ecretaiV-G. W.jN ickel, Mgr. of Safety, Armstrong Cor`k C~o., `Lancas`ter, ~Pa. C. Doan N oce, PPG Industries, Crystal City, Mo.; F rank M anninc, F ord Motor Co., ' Glass Div., Dearborn, Midh. ^Newsletter E dftor-R . G. F orejt, Mgr., Industrial Relations, General Tire and Rubber 1 , Staff Representative-Gran-A Shidley, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Avol^ i. 1 Pennsylvania Division, Jeannette, Pa. ' Chicago, IU. 60011 J Past General Chalmien ' . ^Engineering C om rilttee-T . E. Leah (C hairm an). Safety Dir Unlroyal, Inc., Detroit. M p y S q H avener,1C orporate Safety Engr., Unlroyal, Inc., New York, N. Y.; J. II. H a m ,1!Safety Dir., Ohio Rubber Co., W illoughby, Ohio; J. E . H arvey, Safety E ngr., M . . p . , - field Tire 8c Rubber Co.. Mansfield, Ohio. I Health Commlffeei-W. E . M cCormick (C hairm an), M gr., Industrial Hygiene A Toxlcc K . OmA * c . h , m . mo. = . i S f u M ^ I ^ r o n r O W o ; r o n c i W ilson, Indudrla! H y ^ F l r e J ^ T I r r Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio; *S. A. W right, General Supvr., Safety tc Housekeeping I " Inland Manufacturing Div., General Motors Corp.. Dayton, Ohio. !'f ' ' if. S I Education and Training C o m m ittee-R. N. Johnson (C hairm an), Mgr., Safety A S 1 The Armstrong Rubber Co., W est Haven, Conn.; L. H arttian, Dir., Training and . 3*V Firestone Tire and Rubber Co., Pottatown, Pa.; K. W . G etty, Asst. Personnel P : ( Carlisle Tiro an d R ubber Div., Carlisle Corp., Carlisle, Pa.; J. E. E cner, J r., Per Dir., Goodall Rubber Co., Boston, Mass. I I ' u Publicity Trade Association, and Liaison Com m ittee--D avto J. M ariani (C hairm an), i :' t : Engr.,'T h e Goodyear Tiro & Rubber Co., Plant 5, Akron, Ohio. 0 0 0 6 4 0 \co d e and Standards C o m m ittee-* M . R. Batche (C hairm an), Mgr.. Safety, Flrestor and Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. [^ S le lW lM Com m ittee--V . C . C ork (C hairm an), Mgr., Safety, Unlroyal, Inc., Mlshawnl Reclaim Manufacturing Committee--*R. M. Boyles (C hairm an), Dir., Industrial'Rehtioby>v Midwest Rubber Reclaiming Co., East St. Louis, 111. " ' ............ ... ' ' ' ' ... '% L Rubber Laboratories. C om m ittee-M. V, Barba (C hairm an), Fire & S afety .Engr., B. P .M IM !ij`' Goodrich Footwear Co., Dlv. of The B. F . Goodrich Co., W atertow n,'M ass.; G. WAYtriilf Bonsell, Supvr., Safety & Security, Lancaster Floor Plant, Armstrong Cork Co., Lan-'j caster, Pa. 1 .. _ Fire Safety Committee--W. L. Cato (C hairm an), Mgr., Safety, B. F , Goodrich Co., Akn>nj!| Ohio; O. W. W hite, Personnel Mgr., Corduroy Rubber Co., C rand Bapids, Mich.; D. KS . Dankesreiter, Personnel Asst, & Dir., Safety, H ew itt Rubber Division,- Hewltt-Robblnil Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. ( .-hmVT Off-the-fob Safety -Contfnittee--I}. E. D udrow (C hairm an), Corporate M gr.i' Health {P Loss Prevention Section, Uniroyal, Inc., New York, N. Y.; C oou s O'N eal, Sec'y, S.PJi" Accident Prevention Committee, The Sooiety of T he Plastics'industry,- Inc.,- New. York*) N.Y. il ' Synthetic Manufacturing Committee--J. B. Chenoweth (C hairm an), Safety Engr., Cood->$| . rich-Gulf Chemicals, Hie., Institute, W. Ya. ' . : . :. .,; Vu-iVI^l ' .i.-lVI ijf Long Range Planning Committee--*R. W . F ickes (C hairm an), Safety Engr., Goodyetrl -Tire & Rubber Co.,- Akron, Ohio; *C.. E. B e c k , Safety Dir., St.-Clalr. Rubber Co.,M aiys;| . ville, Mich.; *G. H. Burkhardt, Dir., Safety, General Tire and Rubber Co., Akron,iOhio;jf ,*S. T., Burrows, Safety Dir., Mansfield T ire and Rubber Co., Mntisfield, Ohio; F rany STARRinD, Safety Dir.) Firestone Tiro and Rubber; Co., Decatur,-III. ;; '.. i s ! PastGerne.ra.l C hairm an.. . .................... ..... ; - ........................... ' * * ' '-V O A .lu ^ l - ... : ./ - .(I biiiif' l f iiirf.f : - > , ................... . .s W- .* *..S t o g i f M y . : t -. I -'Ir-tV'! I f C ; - * r.i(` m : .... Vi $ .t . ...H" v i , . ' **- <\ . m..a ->. 'iiiar' . > .* v .' !)>-! V |t. J.tijf.f . '.'rrf'i.-fiU -^ ' . J1, ........ ) 1967 National Ol*fety Congress Electric \vc find tlie following three steps particularly fruitful: 1. Acquaint private physicians with nature of work, requirements of Benefit Plan, nnd function of company medical staff. This has been accomplished by various means, rang ing from simple phone calls to plant visits to upen houses for community doctors. Wo find a diiect corielalloti between the miimiut of familiarity a patient's doctor has with the compan.' and the length of illness absences. 2. Visitation of sick employees to discuss convalescent progress. This visitation may be done by supervision or nurses. In the past we have utilized visiting nurses, but we are having our nurses primarily visit by tele phone now. It is still company poliev to have supervision visit the employee to snow con tinued Interest In the employee while he is disabled. 1 3. Once a patient is ambulatory, he is asked to visit the company dispensary. The ability of the employee to return to>jhis regu lar job or to "light duty" can then be dis cussed between company and private physi cians. Obviously, this kind of close attention to employee's health, nnd to the work and home environments that contribute to it, can best be accomplished by an on-premise med ical force. A company as large ns Western Electric finds the effort not only a humani tarian necessity, but one which pays off in on-the-job performance. The scale of Western's commitment to employee health can be seen in these figures --37 full-time and 99 part-time physicians; . health nnd safety programs at 57 company ; OFFICERS OF THE locations; programs ranging from biomechunics to computerized epidemiological ' studies, nnd fundamental research in such INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE varied fields ns heart disease and laser haz ards. 'V I appreciate that smaller coiupnnlcs can- NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 mil spread these costs across a largo urn- . ployee body. Mnny companies have found that private clinics can take on this vital' mcdicnl-mnnngcmcnt partnership. Others de pend on Insurance benefit plans--a sure way Vice Frcsldent for ln d u stry-H . S. McF aiiland, Director, Personnel Services. General Motors Corporation, Detroit. Mich. ' r> to prolong absences. Many reports have Indl-':l$:* ^vi Chairman of the Industrial Conference-C . A. Allen, Vice President-Engineering, American cated there is a tendency for length of Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Wakefield, Mass sentes to increase as benefits Increase. | Sound management plan is essential to ;:;.>! r/V .Chairman o f 1Sections-R . M. H artman, Assistant Manager, Compensation and Safely control absenteeism. It creates the psycho-' b Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Bethlehem, Pa. ' logical and physical environment conducive !^it _ i to good attendance. The cooperation of fam- X, vivrVfce Chairmen o f Secllons-J. C. Radcliffk, Supervisor, Industrial Safety, Ford Motor Co., ily and occupational physicians can do much Dearborn, Mich.; K. S. H edces, Safety Director, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, to improve this attendance. This cooperation .; ` can restore the ill and injured to work as ^ m .. Mich.; H. M. Huntincton, Ceneral Supervisor of Safety, International Harvester Co.,' ssocoalne aolsl tphoastsiwblee maenadn bpyrac"tpirceeveonntivae mbreodaid Tmj iy : CLohuicisavgioll,e,IIIK.;y.H. C.|' Daulton, Director o f Safety. Louisville & Nashville llotllroad Co.* cine." Management and medicine con make tv* \ . a contribution to tha operating efficiency of Chairman of C om m lltees-M . F. Biancardi, M anager of Snfcty & W orkm ens Cmiipensiitimi the organization. But most important of all, . Services, Allls-Clialiners, Milwaukee, WIs. a vigorous medical-management plan is a foundation upon which to build a healthy f i; Vice Chairmen of C om m ittecs-F . J. Dodson, Assistant Vice Presldenl, Liberty Mutu.il society on and off the job. As the pressures t l ; Insurance Co., Boston, Mass.--J. VanNamee, Administrator of Accident Prevention, of our technological age increase, as our ,' ,w , Wcstinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Fn.; Paul W indsou, Secretary. Bureau urban environment becomes more complex, IV of Safety, Chicago, llll it is imperative that we bring business and medicine together to seek mutual solutions ;i'4i |kSecre<ar|/-R 0Y G. Benson, Manager, Industrial Department, National Safety Council to health and safety hazards. "'J Chicago, III. \ ' V`. - __ < I > * . t /rfi > . Committee Chairmen-- : Association* Committee--Dan Adair, Safety Coordinator, Pacific Coast Association of Pulp & Paper Manufacturers, Portland, Ore. - Audio-Visual Aids C om m ittce-T. H. Wilkinson, Director of Safety, Department of the Army, Washington, D. C. ' : Contest ,md Awards C om m ittee-J. II. Snydei., Manager. Safely & Plant Protection. Hi,..... Walker & Sons, Peoria, III. Executive C om m ittee-C . A. Allen Nominating C om m ittee-S. F. Spence, Director of Safety & Loss Prevention, American Cyanamid Co. Wayne, New Jersey Occupational Health Hazards C o m m ittee-T. E. Barber. M. D.. Medical Director Cco. A. Hormel & Co.*-Austin, Minn, ' * ) ) ) I MEMBERS OF THE U Occupational Health N iin in g -M u m ix Stewart, 1\. N., Illinois Hull Telephone Co., Chicago, HI. Off-thc-Job Safety C om m ittee-H. Beeson, Safety Coordinator, Dana Corporation, Hagers town, Iml. ASSOCIATIONS COMMITTEE Physical Hazards C om m ittee-D. D. M ateeii, Safety Coordinator, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15230 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 Research Pro/jets C em m ittcc-D . F. Hayes, Assistant Director of Safety, Industrial and Publications, NASA, Washington, D. C. Standards C om m ittcc-N . A . TnoMDLEY, Manager o f Industrial C o rp o ra tio n , Detroit, Mich. [ technical Publications C o m m ittee-W. L. Clifton, Director Ontario Hydro Electric Commission, Toronto, Ontario, Can. Health Services, Chrysler i! of Accident Prevention, 7'rfl/nfng Committee--H. Rebholz, Safety Director, The Rath Packing Company, Waterloo, Iowa , , : ' i i! 1 Chairman--D an AnAin, Coord, of Saf. Activities, Pa'cific Coast Assn, of Pulp & Paper Mlrs., ] . Portland, Oregon ' W. M. Allison, Manager, Accident Control Division, Council of Forest Industries, . Vancouver, B.C.j J. Anuheae, Cencral Manager, Marine Div., H um ble Oil & Henning j Co., Houston, Te*.; W. C . Bryson, S afe# flirector, Tidewater Constnictlon Corp .. Norfolk, Va.j Capt. C. H. E. Buxton, Director, Safety Bureau, New York Shipping v \ Assn., New York, N. Y.; V. Cordell, Director, Public H ealth & Safety, National ; / Restaurant Assn., Chicago, III.; J. R. Crady, Manager Safety, W estern W ood Products y Association, Portland, Ore.; I van F. LeCore, Safety Director, Portland Cem ent Assn., V- Chicago, III.; R. E. Scott, Manager, T he Ontario Pulp & Paper M aker's Safety Assn., V Toronto, Ontario, Can. :1-&; $.0; ASSOCIATION t CONSULTANTS- 'Vi v*' t ^ W A S H IN G T O N A R E A --Santo J. Barca, Staff Asst, to the Pres., C an Mfgrs. Institute, ` Washington, D. C.; E dward W . Baumann, Consulting Director, N ational Slag Assn., Washington, D. C.; George Burke, Manager, Tech. Services, W ater Pollution Control Fed., Washington, D. C.; Joseph H . Colquitt, Secretary, National Assn, of Refrigerated Warehouses, W ashington,' D . C.; H. Louis Custer, Dir. Retirement, Saf. It Ins., Natl. Rural Elec. Cooperative Assn., Washington, D. C.; Kenneth A. O utsciiick, Maim- ger. Technical Service, Nntionnl Lime Assn., Washington, D. C.; Paul IIkffkiin, Asst. Dir. of Engineering, American Concrete Pipe Assn., Arlington, Va.; Wm . e ! HucyES, Managing Director} National Fibre Can and Tube Assn., W ashington, D. C.j Harry E. Korab, Technical Director, Natl. Soft Drink Assn., W ashington, D. C.j E. J. Kosciiella, Dir. of Technical Services, Natl. Machine Tool Builders Assn., Wash ington, D. C.; Huch McCahey, M anager Association Dept., C ham ber of Commerce of the U.S., Washington, D. C'l; John Moray, Assistant Executive Secretary, National i " Independent Meat Packers Assn., Washington, D. C.; Eucene L. N ew man, Chief Con i'J' tracts, Saf. Division, Bureau of L abor Standards, U. S. Dept, of Labor, Washington, 1 ' D. C.; W illiam S. Ritnour, Secretary-Treasurer, National Plant Food Institute Washington, D. C.; John Spangler, Asst. Executive Director, Natl. Asphalt Pavement' Assn., Riverdale, Maryland . . CtS .t ; . 1' " 0006/13 ? " .- . 4 b. "OAll '\N E W YORK A R E A -H arry Becker, Safety Manager, American Cas Assn., New York ,' ' " E*y C. E llis, Jr., Secretary, Hotel Safety Trade Croup, New York, N Y L. H. Gillette, Assistant Executive Vice-President, American Institute of Steel Con! : struction, New York, N. Y.; J. C. McChee, Labor & Saf. Specialist, Copper Development ;V New York, N. Y.; D avid B. Pheston, Asst. Exec. Secretary, American Water }% Works A n > Ncw York, N. Y.; W. W. Phitsky, Code Eng., Bldg Piodiicts The Alu : minum Assn., New York, N. Y.; Kenneth S. Rolston, Administrtive A sst, American ' Pulpwood Assn. New York, N. Y.; W illiam J. Stevens, Executive Vice-Prcshlnit Nntionnl Assn, of Photo-Lithographers, New York, N. Y. ' OFFICERS OF THE LABOR CONFERENCE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 ice President for Labor--Arthur P. G ildea, Secretary-Treasurer, United Brewery Workers! Cincinnati, Ohio hairman--Paul H. Connelley, General Office Staff, United Brotherhood of Carpenters, Washington, D.C. ice-Chairman--R e.y L auck, Assistant Editor, United Mine Workers Journal, Washington, O. C. f n etiinj--Hour.nr M. W ilk in s, Manager, l !Iioi Dcpaitm cnt, National Safety Council, 425 .V. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. l' epresenting Labor Conference on NSC h a r d of Directors--Paul II. Connelley ( sco Chairman above); Dr. John D. Connors) Safety Director, AFL-CIO, Washington D. C.; Edward B. H accerty, Safety Repr., Int'l,1 Assn, of Fire Fighters, Cincinnati, Ohio; Jack McLaughlin, United Stcclwoike.is Local, No. 1014, Cary, Ind.; P eter Si'ili.eii, Safety Dir., United Auto Workers Local No. 588, South Holland, 111.; Victor E. W iiitehouse, Safety Dir., Int'l. Bro. of Electrical Workers, Washington, D. C. I lembers-at-Large--P, L. Scemiller, President, In t'l. Assn, of Machinists, Washington, D.C.; Hunter P. W harton, President, In t'l. Union of Operating Engineers, Washington, D.C. iustccs--Walter J. Burke, Secretary-Treasurer, United Steelworkers of America, Pitts burgh, Pa.; Hunter P. W harton (see Board of Directors above) >presenting State Labor Departments--R occo Alberto, Commissioner, State Dept, of La bor and Indu tries, Boston, Moss. 1 ommittee Chairmen: Awards--T homas A. D illon, Business Repr., Machinists District 55,. Joliet, III.; Congress Program--Jacob C old, Safety Engineer, Bureau of Labor Stand ards, U.S, Dept, of Labor, Washington, D C .; Executive--Paul II. C onnelley (Labor Conference Chairman); Fire Protection and Public Safety--E dwahd B. H accerty (see Board of Directors above); Government, Labor Agencies and Standards--Rocco Alberto , (see Representing State Labor Departments above); International Labor Safety--Jerry Funk, Public Relations Dir., In ti. Federation of Petroleum and Chemical Workeis, Den- .-' ver, Colo.; Labor Day Campaign--Robert F arrell, Safety Dir., Operating Engineers Local No. 150, Cliicago, 111.; Membership, Co-Chairmen--John L. Dowling, Director,' Safety and Health (C anada), United Steelworkers, Toronto, Ont. Canada; M. W. H amf- ton, Asst. President, Bro. of Locomotive Firemen and Englneinen, Cleveland, Ohio; Nom inating--Hunter F. W harton (see Board of Directors); Occupational Health anil Research--David A. Faduen, Industrial Hygienist, United Auto Workers, Detroit, M idi.; Off-tfte-Job Safety and Driver Improvement, Co-Chairmen--] ack W . Move, SUB HcprcI sentatlve, United Rubber Workers, Akron, Ohio; L arry Siieffe, ln t'l. Ilcpr., United Auto I W orkers, Ottawa, Out., Canada; Planning--Paul II. Connellky ( sco Labor Conference I C bninnnn); Promotion of Safety Training and Educatlon-M eLviN P. Mitchell, E xccii' tlvo Board, Int'l. Bro. of Electrical W orkers Local No. 17, Nortbvlllc, Mich.; Publications I a n d Publicity--John M. Barry, Asst. Editor, AFL-CIO News, W ashington, D. C.; Public Relations--Victor E. W hitehoose, Safety Dir., In t'l. Bro. of Electrical W orkers, Wasli- ington, D.C.; Radiation Safety, Co-Chairmen--Alan F. Burch, Safety Dir., Operating ; Engineers, Washington, D.C.; Edward J. Legan, In ti. Repr., In t'l. Bro. of Electrical ! W orkers, Washington, D.C. Past V ice Presidents for Labor--' H ardy Read, Asst, to Secretary-Treasurer, AFL-CIO, W ashington, D.C. (Oct. 1955-Oct. 1650); P. ie m il l e r (Oct. 1950-Oct. 1900) (see Board of Directors above); Lloyd D. Utter, Safety Dir., United Auto Workers, Detroit, Mich. (O ct. 1960-Oct. 1903); Hunter P. W harton (O ct. 1903-Oct. 1907) (see Board of Directors above) '. ^Deceased ^^* 3 t: 000644 OFFICERS OF THE MARINE SECTION National Safety Council 1967-68 General Chairman-- J. Andreae, General Manager, M arine D e p t H umble Oil & Refining Co., Houston, Texas. . . . . .v .i- Vice Chairm an-Capt. AiitiiuiiiM. Knight, Vico President, Mystic Steamship Corp., Boston, Mass. ; r '; Secretary--C. BnADFonD Mitchell, Consultant, American M erchant Marine Institute, Inc., New York, N .Y . T Assistant Secretary--H ubert F. Carr, Secretary, Moore-McCortnack Lines, Inc., New York, N. Y. Editor, Marina Netosiclfer--CAp)r. C eorce D. Barlow, Asst. D ir. Safety Bureau, New York Shipping Assn. Inc., New York, N. Y. Assistant Editor--John R. BLAcicEny, Asst. Secretary, American Bureau of Shipping, New York, N. Y. , I ADVISORY COMMITTEE (l>/fST GENERAL CHAIRM EN) F. C. Grant, Vice President, United States Lines, Inc., New York, N. Y.s C a r t . G e o r c k H. E. Buxton, Director, Safety Bureau, New York Shipping Assn., Inc., New York, N. Y.| D. L. Buchanan, Asst. Manager, Operations, Groat Lakes Fleet, U. S. Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; R. W. Benny, Vice President, United F ru it Go., Boston, Mass.; W a i n - w nicirr Dawson, Safety Engr., Bethlehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem, Pa. NOMINATING COMMITTEE Chairman--F . C.\ Grant, Vice President, United States Lines Co., New York, N. Y. Vice Chairmen--W ainwiucht D awson, C apt. G. H. E. Buxton, D . L. Buchanan. Secretary--Bruno J. Aucenti, President, Marine Index Bureau, New York, N. Y. SAFETY OF L IFE AT SEA Chairman--Adm. W illard J. Smith, Commandant, USCG, W ashington, D . C. Vice Cluritmen--Rear Adm. C. P. Murphy, USCG Chief, Office of M erchant Marine Safety. Washington, D . C.; Rear Adm. H alert C. Shepheard, USCG (R e t.), Westmoreland Hill, Washington, D. C.; Rear Adm. R. Y. E dwards, Chief, Ofilco of Public & Interna* tioi.nl Affairs, USCG, Washington, D. C.; Capt. W illiam F . Rea, iu. D eputy Chief, Oilier of Merchant Marine Safety, USCG, Washington, D. C. Special Representatives--H enry A. Mohan, Safety Director, Military Sea Transportation Service, Deintrlnieiil of tlio Navy, Washington, D. C. 203UU; C apt. Kl. I. Goodman, Chief, Office of Snip Operation, Maritime Administration, 441 - G Street, N.W . Washington, D. C. 20235. PASSENGER & DRY CARGO DIVISION Diuislon Chairman--Capt. R. N. LePace, Manager, Insurance Claims & Claims Prevention, Farrell Lines, New York, N. Y. Vice Chairman--C a p t . R. J. Anderson, Asst, to Vice President, Operations, Prudential Lines. Inc., New York, N. Y. Membership- CAPT. C. II. W arinc, Manager, Accident Prevention Dlv., Lykes Bros. SS Co., New Orleans, La. Program-CAPT. H. R. Rosencren, Safety Director, Moore-McCoimnck Lines, Inc., Brook lyn, N. Y. ) TANKSHIP DIVISION Division C hairm an--C. L. Boyle, Vice President, Transportation, Sun Oil Co., Pltiludcli Pii.' V ice C h a lm u m --Capt. Piulip Neal, Marine Dept., Mobil Oil Corp., New York, N. Y. Membership--Capt. R. P. W alker, Mgr., U. S. Fleet, Marine Dept., Texaco, Inc., Arthur, Texas. Program--Robert E. McCloskey, Marine Safety Director, Sun Oil Co., lac., Marcus II . Pa. :: GREAT LAKES DIVISION Division Chairman--John L. IIorton, Asst. Manager, Marino Dept., Clovolnnd Cliffs Co., Qjovclnnd, Ohio. Vice C hairm an--I oiin W. Manning, Supt. of Operations, Steamship Div., The Ilamm I `ing Co., Cleveland, Ohio. M em b ersh ip --Riley O'Bm en, Fleet Manager, Inland Steel Co., Chicago, 111. Program--W illiam H. Crippen, Industrial Relations &Personnel Director, American SS (Boland fit Cornelius),Buffalo, N. Y. I- , STEVEDORINGj DIVISION Division C h a irm a n --Theodore R.'Alff, Safety Director, Nacircma Operating Co., I !York,N.Y. ' Vico C hairm an--Robert P. Alden, Safety fit Wage Adm., Custlc fit Cook, Inc., Iloiiul 'Hawaii. > M em b ersh ip --Capt. John W. Cain, Manager, Galveston Operation, Altantic &Ciilf Sl> .''dores, Inc., Calveston, Texas. Program --William ' L. Rich, Jr., Asst. Manager, Industrial Relations, Crace Lines, i York, N. Y. SHIPBUILDING a! REPAIR DIVISION D ivision..C hairm an--l . C. Yates, Safety Director, Alabama D.D. fit S.D. Co., Mobile, , Vice C hairm an--J. R. O'D onnell, Safety Director, Avondale Shipyards, Inc., New Orlc La. i M e m b e rsh lp -L u o Y D lJ . Peccin, Safety Director, Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co., Che- ..Pa. i Program--John S. Sm ith, Jn., Asst, to the President, Todd Ship Yard Corp., Houston, Tc * \ BARGE fit TOWING VESSEL DIVISION Division Chairman--Ralph A. Guffey, Safety Director, A. L. Mecbllng Barge Line, 1 Joliet; 111. y i d i C hairm an--L e e D. T racy, Director of Loss Control, Ingram Corporation, New ISans, La. M em b ersh ip --IlonunT L. G r a y , Manager, Marine Operations, Ashland Oil fit Refining < Ashland, Ky. 1 P ro g ra m -F . McVey W ard, Southern Regional Representative, American Waterways erators, Inc., New Orleans, La. '' Atlantia Area C h a irm a n --A . W. C a s h , Safel York, N. Y. V ic e C h a irm a n --Robert E. Hook, Pa. cusslon Croups r, International TermlnaP-OpiJpJtJon Co., Inc., I : i ', M a r i |e ^ J e t | ^ ir e c to r , Son Oil Co., Mm Pacifie Area Chairman--L a w r e n c e C. F or V ic e C h a irm a n --C a p t . Jo s e p h 5hippltig Cp.j'Sitt^'jJrancijco, Calif. ir|, Prsident, Portland Stevedcyiij; Co., Portland, ( ) y} ) Gulf Area ' Chairman--C a H -. O l l i e D a vis, Operations Monager, Gulf & South America Steamship Co., Inc., New Orleans, La. Vice Chairman--C a s t . C h a r l e s P . M c F a u l l , Safety Director, Delta Steamship Lines, New Orleans, La. ' ' ' Great Lakes Area C/iflirnuin--F. W a r r en S e e d a ld , Safety Director, Great Lakes Fleet, U . S. Stcol Coro., Cleveland, Ohio. Vice Chairman--C l i n t o n E. B a r r y , Secretary, Buckeye Steamship Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Inland Waterways Area Chairman--L e e D. T racy, Director of Loss Control, Ingram Corp., New Orleans, La. Vice Chairman--V in c e G a l l a g h e r , Safety Director, Material Sendee Div., General nainics Corp., Lyons, 111. | Dy- !sfau</itig Committees . Program C om m ittee-Cart. M. J. Suluvan (C hairm an), Asst. Vice President, M arsh & McLennan, Inc., New York, N. Y.; Robert E. Kratzert (Vice Chairm an), Mgr. Vessel Personnel & Services, Columbia Transportation Div., Oglebay N orton Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Statistics 6- Contests Com m ittee-CArr. J. F. W hite (Chairm an), Dir. of Safety it Train ing, States Marine Lines, New York, N. Y.; A. H. Moore (Vice C hairm an), Safety Director, Farrell Lines, New York*. N. Y. Membership C om m ittee-A. B. R a n I a l l (C hairm an), Safety Officer, Marine Dept., Humble Oil & Refining Co., Houston, TexaL . . . , Engineering C o m m ittcc-C A n . R. (I. S m it h (C hairm an), Manager, Safety Dept.. United Mates P & I Agency, New York,:.N. Y .j C a i-t . G ordon B e a l (Vico Chairm an), Marine Supt., United Fruit Co., New Yorlij, N. Y. . Visual Aids 6 Porter C om m ittee-V oaE m M. S n o w (C hairm an), Consultant Safety Engi neer, Staton Island, N. Y.; R a m ' ii C o f f e y (Vice Chuinnnn), Safety Director. A. L. Mcchling Barge Line, Inc., Joliet, III. Off-the-Job Safety Comtn ift e e - G e r a l d Jo h n so n (C hairm an), Safety Director, Ashland Oil & Refining Co., Ashland, Ky.: K a r l F. E is m e ie r (Vice C hairm an), Vice President, Loss Control Division, Johnson & Higgins, New York, N. Y. Maritime Associations Committee--C a i i l E. McDowell (C hairm an), Executive Vice Presi dent, American Institute of Marine Underwriters, New York, N. Y.j Ralph E. Casey President, American Merchant Marine Institute, Inc., Washington, D . C.; Braxton B Carr, President, American Waterways Operators, Inc., Washington, D. C.: Vice Adm. Ja m es A Hmsiinnu, USCC (R et.), President, Lake Carriers Assn., Cleveland, Ohio: Ralph B. Dewey, 1 resident, Pacific American Steamship Assn., San Francisco, Calif; 1 ? Jon , Director, Accident Prevention Bureau, Pacific Maritime Assn., San Fran cisco, Calif.; E. M. Hood, President, Shipbuilders Council of America, Washington, D . C. Atvards Committee (Best Papers)-hnvN o J. A o c e n t i (C hairm an), President, Marine Index F- D*i " ` (cl," " `r' 1; PUU n A ? TM !!~ t H ? my Uti e 'Ki, 5 t " l Y0UNC\ I r <c hairm an), Associate Editor, T he Weekly York TM Y ' N Y k' N` Y': RoDEIvr W a re * Editor, Marine Engtneering/Log, New ; Staff Representative--R a l v h M. C o k , Industrial Dept., National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 111. 60611 PLAN N O W TO. ATTEND THE NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS OCTOBER 28-31. 1968 / CONRAD HILTON HOTEL, CHICAGO fToorAthnee 11330,00000ISasaaaffeSty ypSeo8plFe 8wrho eakt;teandw. or*hwh. ile week * w u iM l6 Con8re" you can'Hieet other safety people Vnu i a T Problms and responsibilities as yourself c l ? ,i chanBviews and Ideas on accident preve . tlon, health, hygiene, and fire prevention on salclv In Industry, traffic, school, at home and on the f a S 1 see the largest of 8,1 saiety equipment exhibits at the Congress . . . an opportunity for you to make well ! Informed buying decisions for your company. TM " sseenitteerdi0 hbuyd fthLee MNl,aCHtiolinoanl.alSc apf/eotgyraCmoiunPc|ial,n"ceadn abned pre vnur 1MeOncetinOi9 6 8 PrOV0kln8' m St worthwhi,e safety expe- Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and brim s y s s a f lnvou' or8an" -" J i W A s NATIONAL 425 NORTH MICHIGAN SAF AVENUE E T 1 Y- 7- c G n ii U MN mC I 60611 00064(1 ite;: 50 ) i ) ItConrejt and Awards C om m ittee-J. F. Dwyer (Clmlrmnn), Surety Suiivr., lU-piihlu- Steel METALS SECTION OFFICERS OF THE >V: Corp., Chicago District, Chicago, 111.; B. Bhown, Supvr. of Safety, Youngstown Sheet ft i|*.Tube Co., East Chicago, Ind. :<i ^Foundry Industry C om m ittee-W . H. D ecker (Chairm an), Safety Dir., Centml Foundry NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 .1 Division, Danville Pit., General Motors Corp., Danville, III.; Richard C. Keli.occ, Safety Uf- >. if*: K, Dir-. Cooper Bessmer Company, Mount Vernon, Ohio; C. W. Davis, Asst. Personnel Mgr.. General Chairman-D. D. Kent, Safety & Security Supvr., Aluminum Company of America, j Jtjy National Castings Dlv., Mlrlliiml-Ross Corp., Sharon Works, Sharon, Pu.; T. L. IlE w irr, Davenport, Iowa. j! I Dir. of Industrial Rel., Vulcan Mold & Iron Co., Latrobc, Pa.; J. F. T oole, Sa., Mgr. of First Vice Chairm an-C. P. Voriies, Mgr. of Safety, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pitts- ^ I n d u s t r i a l Rel., Union Steel Works, Foundry & Mill Mach. Div., Biaw-Knox Co., Pitls- P';burgh, Pa.; R. L. D uncan, Personnel Supvr., American Steel Foundries, Indiana Ilarlmr burgh, Pa. Ip)Work's, East Chicago, Ind. " Second Vice Chairman--J. Patlyek, Mgr., Industrial Rel., East Chicago Works, Blaw-Knoi- Co., East Chicago, Ind. Tliiitl Vice Chairman--S. C ollins, Ci-ncral Supvr. Steel Corp., Portage, Ind. Siilely, Midwest Steel Dlv., V National ''.Steel Service Center Com m lltee-V . W alter (Chairm an), Asst, to the Pres., Korhmm-I If*"- ;Stoul and Aluminum, Evanston, 111.; 11. U nderwood, Mgr. of Lahor Red., United Slates ` Supply Div., Chicago, III. Secretary--J. C. D akes, Management^Representative, Bethlehem Steel Corp., Chicago, 111.- ^ `Industrial Hygiene om m ittee-W . E. Sebesta1^ (Chairm an), Chief Industrial Hygienist, Republic Steel Corp., Research Center, Independence, Ohio; J. A. Janous, Sen. Industrial Newsletter E ditor-F. II. Illic, Manager of Safety and Security, Aluminum Co. of America,- J t '; hygiene Eng., Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; W. M. Sm ith, Mgr., In Pittsburgh, Pa. j dustrial Hygiene, Weirton {Steel Co., W elrton, W. Va.; D. L. W ehster, Industrial Health J Co-Editor and Speakers Burcau-H . ij. Seim etz, Senior Safety Supvr., Republic Steel Corp, 'ii1. Eng,, Bethlehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem, Pa.- . Central Alloy District, Canton, Ohlcj. i .- iSlecf Industry Commlttee-Ki: E. Ruby (C hairm an), Mgr. Safety, Lndcde Steel Co., Alton, Congress Program C om m ittee-J. E. Sprowls (Chairman), Safety Mgr., Caterpillar Tractor, f: Ml.; A. R. SAUEn, Corporate!Safety Dir., Phoenix Steel Corp., Clnymont, Del.; L. Wo'zny, Co., Peoria, 111.; Alex Guzowsky, Safety Eng., Colorado Fuel ft Iron Steel Corp., Pueblo,; Jn-i Pit. Safety Engr., Bethlehem Steel Corp., Sparrows Point, Md.; R. C. Dettmar, Colo.; J. S. Chapman, Mgr. of Safety, Armco Steel Corp., Middletown, Ohio; G. F.| ^Corporate Safety Mgr., Interlake Steel Corp., Chicago, III.; R.' D. Minnick, American Grace, Sales Mgr., Columbus McKinnon Chain Corporation, Tonnawonda, N. Y.; R. M.j. pjgjJMaganese Steel Dlv., American Broke Shoe Co., Chicago, Heights, III.; F. T . F ieulkr, Cowdrick, Supvr. of Safety, Bethlehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem, Pn. vjg|Supvr., Industrial Safety Section, Steel Dlv., Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich.; W. E. Publicity Committee--E dward Mandrv (Chairman), Supt., Industrial Rel., Republic Steel! d/-Nichols, Asst, to Vice Pres] Industrial Rel., Northwestern Steel and W ire Co., Sterling, Corp., Cleveland District, Cleveland, Ohio. " i;IH .i W. P. Saunders, Safety! Dir., Universal Cyclops Steel Corp., Drldgcvllle, Pa.; R. M. t Cowdmck, Supvr., Safety, Bethlehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem, Pa. Technical Publications C om m ittee-J. B. Anderson (Chairman), Safety Eng., Republic fc'.i I I Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; J. E. Nichols, Dir. of Safety, Reynolds Metals Co., Reyn-, ^Non-Ferrous Industry C om m ittJe-T . T. Pinder (Chairm an), Safety Dir., Kennccott Copper olds Metals Bldg., Richmond, Va.; E. N. O'Grady, Safety Dir., New Departure Hyatt v-.V Corp., Utah Copper Dlv., Salt Lake City, Utoh; J. A. T urk, Dir. of Safety & Industrial Bearings, General Motors Corp., Harrison, N. J.; W. R. Roiilin, Manager of Safety, ,% Iloalth, U. S.'M etal Refining Co., Carteret, N. J.; C ary P. F isiier, Division Mgr., Kaiser Alleglit u Ludlum Steel Coip., Oliver Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.; R. D. T ranter, Coporate jp u Alumimii^ & Ghcmical Corp.! Oakland, Calif.; J. E. Niciioi.s, Dir. of Safety, Reynolds Safety Eng., Armco Steel Corp., Middletown, Ohio; W. J. Schwacer, Supervisor ol ^ .M e ta ls Co., Richmond, Va.; J^M ahana, Loss Prevention Supvr., Ormct Corp., Hannibal. Safety, The Youngstown Sheet &Tube Company, Youngstown, Ohio; F rank E. Bird, Jb.;) fe O h io ; R. R. Aker, Safety Supvr., Phelps Dodge Corp., Morenci, Ariz.; F. If. I llic, Mau- Corporate Safety Director, Lukens Steel Company, Coatesville, Pa.'. v Pj Membership C om m iltee-D . L. Johnson (Chairman), Manager, Pennsylvania Manufacturer^ Assn. Insurance Co., Philadelphia, Pa.; E. E. McWhertor, Supvr.j Per. Serv. & Safety,^. Safety ^ Security, Aluminum Co. of America, Pittsburgh, Pn. ^Fabricating Industry C o m m ittee -^. J. Collins (C hairm an), Safety Supvr., Bethlehem Slccl >: ..Corp., Leetsdale, Pn.; R. Cuzort, Frontier Steej, Muskogee,.Okln.; F. P. C ava, Personnel Sharon Steel Corporation, Farrell, Pa. ' ^ D ir ., Pittsburgh Bridge & Iron Works, Rochester. Pa.; E. A. Bratton S ecy-Jjfeffef'lntc O-the-Job C om m ittee-ll. W. Cn-BEno (Chairman), Works Safety Administrator, Jones iFabricators Assn., Chicago, 111.; M. H. Zn Laughlin Steel Corporation, Aliquippa Works, Aliquippa, Pa.; J. D. H oltzapple (Past Div., Cary, Ind.; G. F. Jonas, Mgrl, Industr Gen. Chr.); D. D. Mateer (Past Gen. Chr.); J. C. Cullen (Past Gen. Chr.); J. W., aCo., Elwood City, Pa.; J. deforest, Indu' T ysse (Past Cen. Chr.). Evansville, Ind.; D ean A. D exter, Safet- *{Brook, 111. ' Training and Education Committee--G. H. Reilly (Chairman), Safety Eng., Admin.^ h r United States Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; B. Brown, Supvr. of Safety, Youngstown Shee.tISFWert Coast Committee--R. C. Beckstead ( &Tube Co., East Chicago, Ind.; A. T. Pocihber, Safety Dir., Allegheny Ludlum Steel ^ ' American Smelting & Refining Co., Salt Lake; . _ er.', Arne , A ^ j ^ n d a r d DIvA'ibisytyij.nox atloM" i S f ^ jm(riintlonal,'StSiSt`Co., Chicago Bridge & Irpn -Ca,. Oak 0 0 0 6 4 7 ^ ' or), Dir., Safety & Tefl,', Corp.,' I.cechburg, Pa.; L. C. Parker, Safely Dir., Granite City Steel Co., Granite City,* ^Members at Large--IIomkii K. L am hie (C hn HI.; II. L. Seimetz, Senior Safety Supvr., Republic Steel Corporation, Central Alloy Dis .Oakland, Cnlif.; H arry Sciiwahtz, Pres., trict, Canton, Ohio. , 36 ) Jwiii V'rnncisco .\w i--Hoy E. Ma'eiisiin (C huum nu), Federated Mclals Div., Atnorlciln Smeltiu t & Refining Co., San Francisco, Calif.; 1\ I'. P elton, Jn., Safety ling., Bethlehem Steel Corp., Pinole Point Works, Richmond, Calif. S'orthwest Atch- J amis Aumsihonc (C hairm an), Safety & Prot. Supvr., Hydro-Aluminum & Chcinieul Corp., Tienlwood Works, Spokane, Wash.; H. S. Jamah, Safety Eugr., Beth lehem Steel Corp.* Pacific Coast Div., Seattle, Wash. Lm- Angeles Area--E iiwin S. W ynkoop ( C hairm an), Bethlehem Steel Cnip., Pacific Coast Div., Terminal Annex, Los Angeles, Calif.; R. K. Cheason, Safety Engineer, Harvey Aluminum Co., Western Ave., Torrence, Calif. Salt Lake City Area--T iieiion T. P indeii (C hairm an), Safety Dir., Kcnnecott Copper Corp., Utah Copper Div., Salt Lake City, Utah. Research and Advisory Committee--fW . T. McLean (C hairm an), Gen Supvr., Safety and Sanitation, United States Steel Corp., Cary, Ind.; *G. L undie, Asst. Dir., Safety & Plant Protection Dept., Inland Steel Co., East Chicago, Ind.; ` C harles E. W ilson, Safety Eng., Rcthlchcm Steel Corp., Bethlehem, Pa.; *J. W. T ysse, Mgr. of Safety, Republic Steel Corp., Republic Building, Cleveland, Ohio; ` James G. C ullen, Div. Safety Eng., Engine & Foundry Div., Ford Motor Co., t)enrbom , Mich.; *D. D. Mateeii, Safety Coordinator, Safety Div., Jones & Laughlin Sletsl Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; *R. I. Pisle, Supt. of Indus trial Rel., Rcpitblic Steel Corp., cirlcngo, 111.; *J. D. H olvzai'i-le, Mgr. of Safety, BluwKnox Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; *G. E. SrcENBnoD, Safety Dir., McLouth Steel Corp., Trenton, Mich.; *G. O. Griffin, Mgr., Hazard Control, Dravo Corp., Neville Island, Pittsburgh, Pa.; ` II. S. Simpson, Mgr. Safety, Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, III.; *J. L. R idincek, Dir., Safety and Plant Protection, Inland Steel Co., East Chicago, Ind.; *P. E. Grundman, Safety Eng., Aimco Steel Corp., Rustless Div., Baltimore, Md. Staff Representative--E. E. Koch, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Ave., Chi cago, Illinois 60611. Past Ccncr.il Chairman. 1*? ) ) PLAN NO W TO ATTEND THE NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / CONRAD HILTON HOTEL, CHICAGO The Congress is always a big week, a worthwhile week y for the 13,000 safety people who attend. 'At the '68 Congress you can meet other safety people, '.with the same problems and responsibilities as yourself. You can exchange views and ideas on accident preven tion, health, hygiene, and fire prevention . . . on safety .in industry, traffic, school, at home and on the farm. a ,.T , yaot uthceaCn osnegeretshse .l.a.rgaenstopopf oarlltusnaiftyetyforeqyuoiupmtoenmtaekxehwibeiltls- informed buying decisions for your company, * i1, ? i This four-day educational program, planned and pre sented by tne National Safety Council, can be your most thought-provoking, most worthwhile safety expe rience in 1968. Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and bring the other people in your organization who have safety mf- responsibilities. FUTURE CONGRESS DATES 1968 O ct ob er 28 31 1969 Octo be r 27 30 1970 October 26 29 1971 Oct obe r 25 28 1972 O ct ob er 23 26 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL THE MINER AND HIS ENVIRONMENT By F. T. M. W HITE MacDonald Professor of Mining Engineering and Cliainmin, Department of MiniiiK Engineering fc Applied Geophysics, McGill University, Montreal `'Environment" has been defined as "the aggregate of physical, regional and circum stantial conditions that surround and influ ence the life or development of nn. individual or a community". When this definition is ap plied to the mining industry, the1 tenn de notes something much wider than ground control, mine ventilation, and dhst abate ment, the aspects of the working environ ment that have so far received most atten tion. I The oh|ect of this paper is fo review, somewhat critically, the total environment of our industiv insofar as it concerns those who constitute the productive work-force. It is for this reason that the topic "The l|liner and His Environment" has been srlijctcd. The paper will, therefoie, In* in the nature of uu analysis of factors and principles iclevunt to the creation and maintenance of a proper total mining environment, certain aspects of which are seldom examined but which arc, in fact, highly relevant. Mining by surface methods has given rise to little anxiety concerning the physical envi roning ' but, as operations have proceeded in depli. more attention to the working en vironment has become necessary. Most thought has been given to particular func tional aspects of the physical mining envi ronment, namely, ventilation and airborne mineralized suspensions. T he industry's in terest in these aspects of the underground environment is almost as old ns underground mining itself. Even In the paleo-metnllurgic era of the ancient world, the importance of natural ventilation was acknowledged, and we know from the records of Agricola of the new approaches to induced ventilation (by fire, bellows, and the like) in his day. With our more modem methods, undoubted prog ress has been made in the physical environ ment. In the composite costs of mining, the cost of lalior is usually the largest single Item and it is through an Increase in the efficiency of labor--the output per man shift--that the greatest improvements in this item can be achieved. The initial approach to achieve greater efficiency was to make the working place safer (from the obvious structural viewpoint), From these beginnings, it Is now widely accepted that working places should also lie inure healthful and comfortable and that our mining activities should be designed - in such a way that a reasonable performance of labor can be achieved without discomfort. Much by way of increased productivity has ! been achieved by Increased mechanisation, which is reflected by improvement In the man hours per ton of ore mined: in metal mining, from 1.89 mini hours per ton In 1952 to 1.09 man hours per ton In 1902 and, in non-nictallic mining, from 0.50 man hours per ton in 1952 to 0.27 nmn hours per ton in 19112. Tliesu nru significant improvements in productivity. Hut, iiiccliniiisntion lias Intro duced additional, ns well as Its own special, problems. In more recent years, It has be- come evident that th e physical aspects of our 'j; industrial environment must be correlated with psychological, ns well as sociological, aspects in the establishment of a comprehen- sivaly attractive working environment. | Thu total environment of mining Is thcro-> -V fore, I suggest, a composite one of physical, V' chemical, biological, psychological and socio- ; logical elements; together, they constitute the working conditions within the industry- cadi giving rise to problems of control. In ' turning to these environmental components, there arc some upon w hich I shall touch only briefly. !. Brick Stability/!notability. "Falls of ground" arc a feature of ths physical environment that constitute the highest cause of mine fatalities. These derive generally from inadequate safeguards o( r;,' loose material on the one hand an d /o r fgnoranee of the relative stability of the rock :'! structure cn masse on the other. Usually, the- ' first of these relates directly to Inadequate s'; inspection of the "hack" of a freshly-broken excavation and to inadequate remedial ac- T lion; the second is pnrt of the established practice of ground control and is often the problem of Inadequate support at a localized 00064!) ) Aim ing l u d m t r y pact of the workings or o ; .... . __ - ,, 'ink o f air. conditioning ings in relation to kno' stresses within the rock ma: w h ^ e c te if;y ' fiefeg toricerued principally with teiiipsr- pfi'V i1 Bthre^hqmidi&U&wconcern should.be the In (lie past, the approa' the theory and practice of rock mechanics has been largely through tlio experimental investiga* tlon of tlio physical properties of rocks, the simultaneous"cBHtfel of purity, motion and heat content of tire nir. In the past and often today, too little nlteulion 1ms been, or !:, paid to lliis essential simultaneous control. application of stress*straln measuring tech* Thermal exchange between the human niques, photoelasticity, and the like. These body and tho environment depends upon have reflected largely a somewhat static ap four external physical factors: air tctnpcia- proach to the structural problem of rock fail turc, radiant temperature, air velocity, ami ure. I t might well bo that a moro dynamic , inolsturo content of the nir; h ut thermal ex approach can be envisaged (through "geo change Is also subject to dclicnlc physiologi dynamics'' ), involving a change in emphasis cal controls through variations in tire meta through concepts of inherent instability bolic rate, the rate of chemical and oxidation rather than of apparent stability of excavated processes within the humnn body. The four structures. In any case, m uch more still 're** physical environmental factors arc independ mains to be done in correlating the influence ently variable and may b e combined in dif of design and layout of workings w ith the ferent ways to produce th e same thermal ef stability and instability of th e rock structure. fects upon man: an increase in air velocity Tills is largely a m atter of mining engineer will ofTsct a rise in air tem perature; n con ing control Involving a knowledge of the siderable elevation of air temperature can Ik: structure and the principles of ground sup tolerated If the relative hum idity is low, ami port by the Judicious design of pillars or use so on. Such combinations of thermal comli- of support materials (such as timber, con tions that induce tlio some (bemud Mir a crete, "fill", etc.). T h e `aim Is towards com tions oro called then no-equivalent condi plete extraction of tho economically mineral tions. The normal and basic Effective Tem ized material. W e have yet to leam much perature Scales give the combinations of : more concerning the mechanisms of "BH" equivalent conditions as determined by dry consolidation (either bjl normal compaction bulb temperature, wet bulb teinpcralniv, or the use of cements .and other chemical and air velocity. Thermal comfort in the en ; mixtures), th e method tof attaining unlfor- vironment is tho primary purpose of nir con ' rnlty in proportlos, and tho subsequent rock ditioning. Inasmuch ns innit generates heat mechanics of tho consolidated material. and Is coinfortnblo nt environmental temper Tlio non-enginccring interest Is a statisti atures below body temperatures, the prob cal one--statistics and classification of acci lem generally is one of controlling the heat dents caused by "falls of ground". "Fill", In lost from tho body, not tho problem of heat the form of the coarse fraction of commi ing tire man. Nevertheless, In order io main nuted material, is now a common form of tain an environment that will regulato the ground support and, apart from certain loss of heat from the body, it mny ho neces - minor aspects (such ns chemical reactions sary to supply heat or humidity, to cool or producing carbon dioxide,^, sulphur dioxide, to dehumidify, or to vary the velocity of the and otner gaseous contaminants in small air movement in the nren. Most application': amounts, an d/or tho prescnco of residual underground will require the consideration polluted w ater), presents relatively minor of more than one of these to active at a non-engineering problems. satisfactory environmental condition. Mine Air Conditioning. In North America in winter, the addition of heat to a ventilating system is often essen The term "mine air conditioning" has tial. Briefly, the addition of heat is nonn.ilb been deliberately used, since, in tho matter attained either h.v radiation, the traiisini<>i.m 1of atmospheric environmental control, wc of energy by means of clcclmmagiielh' should bo concerned with tho simultaneous waves of very long wavelength; or, more control, within prescribed limits, of tlio qual commonly, by convective heat IrnnsliT, ci ity, quantity and temperature-hum idity of ther natural or forced circulation of the air the air within a designated space or in n des around a hent source. T he possibilities of ignated circuit. Fundamentally, ventilation is heat exchange by other less obvious means concerned with air quantity or air move- than direct heat utilization should he evnrn- * J.'r ) ) 1967 National Sa). Congress incd: waste heat from nearby installations, warm return air from other underground workings, gcothcnnal heat from rock at depth, or the heat contained in large bodies of water in lakes and rivers (even beneath ice-cappings in winter). In deep mining, ns at Kolar (in India), or on the Wilvvatcrsrand, or in Northern Australia, heat removal fmm tin' alr-stli'am is iirivsvuy. I''iir this evaporative cooling is used or, llh iiu liv il), the air is passed over chilled coil systems. Although we read of the rare case in|mining that calls for humidification of an air stream, de-humidification is frequently more desira ble. The ultimate and eventual limitation in model n mining is depth, in which tlm prob lems of heat, largely through gco|licunal gradients, can lie very serious. Combined cooling and de-humidification processes have become necessary to provide desirable envi ronmental conditions in some mines.1Avoid ance of humidification is attem pted.by re sorting to dry drilling and a reduction in the use of water wherever possible, blit such practice in turn gives rise to other problems. Quality control of the environmental at mosphere lias not received ns much attention in mcinl-mining as it lias in collieries, but a gicater awareness is evident nowadays amongst metalliferous mining engineers re sponsible for mine air-conditioning. The use of electrical analogue computers oifeis a rapid means of simultaneous control of a number of factors. Much remains to be done in the study of turbulent resistance to flow in mine air streams and in the development of methods of ventilation netwoik analysis. Acclimatisation is a factor in environments which claims our attention in the industry under certain conditions. The extreme heat at extreme depths of mining give rise to problems of beat tolerance of tire individual and, with them, those of acclimatisation. The adjustment of miners to extremes of en vironmental heat may be prolonged and, oven when acclimatized, gradual lowering of the overheated body to normal tcmperntuies is important. Acclimatisation is also neces sary in the case of high altitude locations; for example, in the Andes at elevations of 14,000-10,000 feet, where it takes the form of adjustment to oxygen deficiency and avoidance of over-exertion. Acclimatisation is a personal adjustment in the approach to, and withdrawal from, these unusual environ mental conditions. I Dusts anil limitations. The hazards associated with dusts and ra diations arc amongst the most serious of all those with which the mining engineer must contend hut, like ventilation, have been re ceiving iiicica.ved attention in recent years, paiticulaily since the insidious effects of ra diations have been dramatically demon..liali il In lliu iiiitiiliiin iiliict of tills i-nnllnunt mid elsewhere. Although much work lias been done on tills important subject, much still remains to be learned concerning dusts and radiations. The dust hazards derive from combina tions of particle size range, freshness ( or sur face reactivity), composition, and the sus ceptibility of the individual exposed thereto. Dust particles of pathological (or combusti ble) consequences arc predominantly below 1 10 microns in size; that is, less than .0004' inch. Particles larger than 10 microns are un likely to remain in airborne suspension in air streams of even moderate velocity. The haz ardous dusts characteristically have a mean particle size in tlio range of 0.5 to 3 microns, and generally the chemical reactivity of the miiu-rallic material increases with decreasing particle size. Dusts bcloiv 10 microns, having no significant weight or Inertia, tend to re main suspended somewhat indefinitely in an atmospheric environment. On the other hand, wc know so little about actual dint particle behavior, particularly of the fibrous types such as asbestos--fine tube-like struc tures of abnost constant diameter (0.5 micron) but of varying lengths. Do they tend towards preferential concentration, wafting about in the atmosphere and settling under "hind ered" conditions? How do we assess atmos pheric concentrations of such dusts with ac- curacy? Since dust particles may be electri cally charged, can they, or do they, attract to tlieir surfaces coatings of even finer, more fissile dusts in parasitic fashion? Is this the reason for the intense activity of some essen tially silicious dusts (as on the Rand and elsewhere) where pncuniocoriiotlc symptoms appear to have keen accelerated by some agency, perhaps extremely fine radio-active coatings? Tlicso arc questions that still re main to ho settled. There are a number of categories into which dusts can be classified; ( a ) pulmon ary dusts, which are harmful to the respira / tory system (such ns silica, silicates, beryl lium ores, iron ores, and cassiteritic ores); N i ' 000655 0 ) ...ng frufiulri/ ( b ) toxic dust*, which aro to body organs and body tissues ( lead, mercury, radon, thori ( c ) radio-active dusts, wl because of their radiations uranium, thorium, etc.); ( d ) explosive dusts, which are combustible in airborne suspension (coni dusts, sulphide dusts, and the like); and (e ) lui'it dusts, which allegedly hiivo no harmful effects. Some dusts have multiple ratings and, ns our experience grows, more and more dusts ore being added to the harmful lists; there is, in fact, increasing reason to doubt whether any dust is really inert or pathologically harmless. Dusts can vary In tliclr injtirfousncss when associated with gaseous contaminants w hich,' in their own field can have adverse physio logical effects through asphyxiation, toxicity, or rndio-nctlvity. As with oxygen depletion, the physiological effect of a gas vorles with the exposure time and the individual. Radon, because of its deeny products, gives rise to particular problems of surveying and assess ment. A vast amount of work has yet to be done, on the sources of radon, its migration in mino. waters, and thd mechanisms of its release into the working atmosphere. Can its solubility differential in w ater and oily liq uids be p ut to beneficial control use? Its dis astrous assimilation in the blood stream is Imscd upon this marked! solubility differen tial. | Generally, in our assessment of the harm fulness of industrial dusts, several factors emerge as important. Mineral composition is probably more important than chemical composition, and the phyjlo-chemical prop erties are probably more important than the physical properties. T he surface activity of particles is important. Permissible concentra tions VBfy from dust to dust. Radio-active and other toxic dusts can be harmful at con centrations less than one-fifth that of a tradi tionally accepted harmful dust, such as sil ica. Exposure times aro found to vary enor mously. In some cases, silicosis has been diagnosed after less than one year of expo sure; in other cases, only after 15 or 20 years or even longer. Rndiation damage generally does not niuke itsolf obvious until after sev eral years. Even in a single mine, ore there variations in the silicosis-producing proper ties of quartz at various depths? This would appear to bo so. For example, at Kolar in India, with shallow depths, classical silicosis was rare even In miners with a lifetime of underground n g a n ------* ns depths insiliQpsiy^ B H ti to appear after 15-20 depths of the older of reported to be a serl- ous hazard after less than five years of un derground working exposure. The behavior of particles, whose surfaces have been coated with highly active films of pniusitic dusts, lias y d In bn fully iiivi".li|sili'l|. In any case, tliu m ere pi osculi: ni iln.i and/or radiations has an adverse psychologi cal effect upon miners. From this viewpoint alone, their abatem ent is important. All dusts have nuisnnee value, in th at tlioy decrease visibility, create uncomfortable environmen tal conditions, and result in labor inefficiency mid dissatisfaction. The subject of abatem ent still remains in adequately studied. W ater has been the uni versally applied m edium , b u t its efficiency is opon to question und it has limitations; fur example, In certain wlntcr-time open cut ac tivities, w et drilling is virtually Impassible. Newer methods of abatem ent must be Inves tigated. Efforts have been made to apply electrostatic concentration to airborne dusts, but with only partial success. Some arc of the opinion tlmt oilier nielliods should be Investigated. Should we ho applying to airborne mineralllc-parliclc sus pensions the snmo sort of principles that wc apply to water-borne suspensions in ora dressing processes? Is it possible to Introduce dust surface activatois which would render the dust particles m ore amenable to collec tion and, tlicicfore, abatement, by' the use of froths and foams? This is one field of minor atile surface chemistry that could be impor tant. It m ight offer new solutions to Ibis age-old problem. Mine Illumination. Inadequate attention has keen given (o mine lighting. Although spectacular ad vances have been m ade in illumination engi neering, our industry has been slow to take advantage of the new developments. In al most any handbook on illumination it is |io>siklc to find tables which list optimum illu minating conditions for every form of iiulii trinl activity, w ith the single exception uf mining. To say that lighting lias always been a problem underground, where illumination leaves much to b e desired, is'a serious un derstatement. A new appi ondi is neersviiy Any new application must t.d.c into account ) 1967 huion ety Congress . ) tho ability ol the eye to adapt itself to ade quate visibility at relatively low illumination and brightness levels. Generally, we are con fronted with poor natural reflectivity from the rock surfaces of our mine environment, and this means low eye adaptation. Paucity of data from mining operations makes it difficult to prove conclusively the beneficial effects of improved 'illumination. The direct effect of lighting on underground efficiency ns reflected by "cost per ton of oro" or by "output per man shift" has not generally been studied and tire indirect ef fects (for example, the raising of personnel morale by improving the brightness of the working environment) are still considered largely speculative. Improved flighting un doubtedly improves worker psychology and morale in surface activities and there is no reason to suppose that similar results cannot be achieved underground. Totnl injuries in surface mining operations are n fraction of the total accidents in underground mines. There Is therefore some satisfactory conclu sion to be drawn concerning tho merits of good natural lighting in the surface working environment when compared with poor illu mination conditions underground. Better underground visibility should re duce tho total mining accidents, of which a large proportion are concerned with dexter ity ."nd mobility, both of which call for co ordination of the visual process with bodily movement. Visual performance deteriorates with advancing age, and such deterioration cun best be emnitcied by improved environiiinilid lighting. Fnl.ililirs I'.cnci.illy mo higher in the older age-gtoups of under ground miners, despite the fact that com pany policy may ensure younger men being employed where greater alertness and dex terity are called for. On the surface, where visibility is better, fatality rates decrease when lire older men are given less arduous and less dangerous tasks progressively with their age. Even where accidents to older men may be due to a combination of nttentuated reaction time, reduced dexterity, and slower movement, data show that better visi bility counteracts this. Adequate visibility undoubtedly assists in the avoidance of acci dents associated with increased mechaniza tion and contact with moving equipment. In considering illumination, we should take as our criteria the combined effects of illumination and nil of thoso factors which rontml and determine visibility. This will call for n new approach to "mining visibil ity", but It should achieve moro worthwhile results, with minimum expenditure, than continuing to apply popular Ideas based solely upon illumination levels and tho num ber and intensity of lamps installed. The term "visibility" is used to denote the ability of the eye to receive a visual impres sion; "visual performance" Involves interpre tation by the brain of tho visibility stimulus that it receives and the outward muscular reaction which results therefrom; In other words, reaction tim e is a factor. Thcro are four Important factors that effect visibility: ( 1 .) tho size of detail to bo seen, ( 2 .) the time nvailablo for seeing, (3 .) the lighting and color contrast between tho observed ob ject and its background, and ( 4. ) the bright ness level of the visual field. To some extent, dieso four factors are interdependent. The adequacy of underground lighting calls for an appraisal of the task characteris tics involved in terms of visibility. T he "vis ual task" not only involves the nature of the job itself but the lighting environment pro vided; that is, details of the size and shape of objects to be seen, their relationship to background and surroundings, and so on. These must be assessed, along with tire gen eral aspects of the lighting environment, at the time of observation in order to define the visual task. Visual tasks are placed into threo categor ies: ( 1 .) teloramic, in which the important objects are at a viewing distance greater than six feet; ( 2 .) lnosnramlc, in which tho pilm ipal objects tun less limn six fool, lull not less then 12 inches, from (be eyes; and ( 3.) ancoramfc, in which the tasks con cerned require close viewing distances. In mining operations, the ancorando tasks are few but nevertheless important (inspection of a working face for structural features, un derground surveying, and so on) b u t the majority of tasks are teloramic or mcsoramic. However, seldom in mining can we consider the problem solely on the basis of one visual task. The viewer performs a num ber of dif ferent tasks and, even when his principal job involves work at close range, there will be the need also for long range vision. The analysis of underground visual tasks is therefore not an easy one. Fortunately, the procedure is simplified in that many of the tasks underground do not call for concen trated detail ( such as w ould be necessary In, say, precision machining in a workshop),  If 0 0 0 6 5 1 if-' ) Mining IniI and there Is little dllficnj IpfcqQiaing critical detail in order the :taSk satisfactorily. Nevertheless, bccause^w C '3 ','iiso point sources of portable light, much of the visual field in mining is not illuminated at all and we find ourselves asking not "How well can I see?" b ut "W lmt can I see?". There is ob viously a need for more general illumination. Expanded use of flood fighting In the gen eral underground environment helps tremen dously. * Many attempts have been made to meas ure the ensc and ability of seeing and to pro duce an "index of visibility". One promising instrument is tho Lucklesh-Moss visibility meter, used to detennino tho relntlvo visibil ity of various objects and evaluate tho visual task. Tho instmniont observes a portion of the visual field against Its background and compares it with the brightness of a thresh old value when the field is only just discerni ble. A great deal of work remains to be done in applying the principle to mining. One approach would be to divide the vis ual task into its essential components: con trast, size, tim e, brightness and "emphasis", the latter being a factor th at takes into ac count the degree |of m ental concentration necessary to perform the task. Certainly, re search should be {directed at establishing somo basis for visual perform ance of under ground tasks In n properly illumined envi ronment. Travelling ways havo probably received cloM-.st attention but 'much depends upon tho service being performed. Although lighting may be adequate to observe the approach to an ore train, the illumination is often so Ir regular and inefficient th a t men are unable to discern tiro uneven\ nature of tho floor or t l 'i presence of loose equipment lying about. The continual change from dark to light conditions, particularly In passing from trav elling ways to work places, creates hot only psychological but physiological problems for some individuals. It takes some time for the eyes to become adjusted to transitional light ing conditions. W hen an Individual moves quickly from a lighted environment to one which is less bright, there is an adverse ef fect upon visibility before tire eyes become completely adapted to their new environ ment. Lack of uniformity in the visual field cre ates other problems due to the fact that the eyes tend to fixato points of intenso tight. When Ih e sC 'tm H do not Coincide will Work uiidep;li|Hn\-ntion, opposing mu must pVcrtlh^{ijQ]u cyo's tendency to away frdia'tliawniolk toward the light soThis is a frequent cause of discomfort fatigue. It Is something that we have al pericnccd underground w hen tnlkim someone wealing n cap-hunp. Eye i.ii was onco thought to be caused prini.uil excessive uso of the cyo muscles cunt re vision, but a more common cause of fat is the tension that arises when opimsmg muscular movements ore stimulated, the crcntlng a conflict. Indirect lighting is the best ini.-tlioi producing uniform illumination. One di vnnlago is its cost, since coMshlcialilu ligi lost through absorption and poor lock r< tivily. Lighting is a fcriilu- field for mi research. Good lighting is cheerful and . ulating and, in many cases, improved ) tice can be attributed to improved ligli' Noise and Vibration. Airbomo sound is due to variations h mosphcric pressure and, for a simple to that is, a sound characterized by a single of pitch--the num ber of times per se< that tho pressure changes through a ( plete cycle is the frequency of the so> Tho assessment of sound is on (lie dc; scale. Most people feel annoyance when wot l with a noisy device or in a noisy cnvl ment; in mining, wo Imvo both noisy dev noil noisy ciivlroniiiciil.s. .Subjective illv fort oitcu diminishes as tho worker cuniii to work and comes to accept the noise . natural background to his task, cspcci when he himself contributes to noise thro his job. This is particularly applicable to operator of a rock drill. Nevertheless, we are reliably infou that part of the adaptation of the worki the disturbing noise involves the cxpcndii of extra energy in bis responses and wc advised to pay more attention to the i tlonship between personality trails and ceptibility to distraction from noise. Wod who are bored or malndjusted or who their work uninteresting or difficult quentty complain about llio detracting feels of noise in their environment; in m instances, their complaints arc simple ra! nllzations to excuse tliclr lack of s u t v themselves and to others. Nevcithclcss, sve cannot Ignoio j. , ' ') 1067 National S<i/c|/ Congress reactions to noise, hoc-aiise it is known that the accumulative cOccts of prolonged expo sure arc physiologically dangerous, through loss of sensitivity 1 tones, through doterinrution of the hearing function of the inner eai, and eventually through permanent audiomet ric damage, rsychological factors nro also involved. Certainly, noise serves to distract and re duce the effectiveness of a worker and de crease his output. Intennittcnt noise is the most obnoxious, particularly during any pe riod of adjustment to a new task or in new surroundings. Evidence indicates that, if a worker remains in a noisy situation which distracts him initially, he may eventually adapt to It, and regain his original loss of output. While this may be so, tliji fact is often wrongly interpreted to mean that, in tin* lung mu, continued exposure jtn noisu does not have any ndvciso effects. Such a generalization is definitely uiijustifiiijd. Some investigators have found that the ef fect of noise on work output depends upon the nature of the work; a long term job re quiring constant vigilance is especially sus ceptible. The effect of noise is more likely to be a higher rate of errors and accidents rather than an actual reduction in total out put. The attention of the worker wanders from tin. job in hand more often as tire noise level increases. Further, noise is more likely to lead to increased errors and accidents if its value exceeds 90 db., and high frequency audible noise is more harmful in this respect than low frequency noise. Noise and its effects have given rise to much controversy In industry. How danger ous can it he? lia s it a deleterious effect upon woikcr performance? Does it effect certain types of work more than others? Has it a detrimental effect upon worker adjust ment? The intensity noise level is probably the most important single factor in determining the severity of exposure, but the duration of exposure is also Impoitant. The threshold level of noise that the ear can withstand for some time without audiometric damage is of the order of 90 db. Since the average pneu matic percussive rock drill produces some 120-1S0 db., the problem is not one to be brushed aside lightly. Tho underground mining environment lias become progressively so noisy that speech communication in a confined area is difficult if not impossible and, for this rcasfin, speech intcifcicncc levels aic evaluations of Impor tance. Tho consonants contain most of the Informative values in speech but unfortu nately they are more readily masked than vowels because the consultant sounds are weaker. Noise may therefore mask certain speech sounds and not others. The energy of the various speech sounds Is distributed over the ficqucncy range of below 100 to above 10,000 c.p.s. The "s" in speech has an en ergy range of from 4,000-8,000 c.p.s.; in contrast, most of the "ce" in speech Is dis tributed below 4000 c.p.s. Such variations In sound frequencies account for failure of speech communication in noisy environ ments. Insofar ax imhixlii.il noise Is goneinlly un pleasant, it may be assumed that its correc tion will lead to better worker morale for the smile reason that any consideration for tho welfare of employees tends to produce a favorahle reaction. Intermittent, high pitch, and high intensity noises are the most dis turbing so far as emotional reactions are con cerned. Some Individuals are hypersensitive to noise and cannot make effective adjust ment. Ear defenders will invariably serve a use ful purpose, but It is difficult always to '`sell" the principle. Personalized car plugs, cast for individual cars, nre probably more readily acceptable. T he use of mufflers and machine enclosures have proved partially effective in reducing noise levels In practice, b u t the noise surrounding even the muffled rock drill is still dangerously high. The greatest advan tage in relation to rock drill noise abatement will probably be mode through Improved de sign of the equipment and tiro application of human factors engineering. In every mine, some staff member should he responsible for the noise hazard. He should be equipped with noise and peak level meters, an octnve band analyzer, and other standard equipment and he should be ti ained in their use and in interpreting their data. Periodical noise surveys should be car ried out and steps taken to mitigate this nui sance to personnel, impediment to produc tion and menace to health. In many cases, slmplo remedial steps ore effective: others present topics for research. Of particular In terest, and something we know littlo about, is tho influence of reverberation upon noise lcx'els fiom machines mid at the operators car: this is of importance in development ends, rises and oilier bendings. Closely allied to noise is tl vibration and its effect upon _ various parts. The human bod)] 0 0 0 6 5 ? m ) .,,iH IndiMr./ M . ..of.... e^ejr^jryjeldftO.ypeiSfipdining certain up'.-ra- hls 4ioftSifo#^ombtfffds*'.lcnrly uncoordinated ihIrninn-- w itli'U ie ' capaciittiieess:''oft the opera tor. With i, leal system of considerable con ' i t Iins slow speeds, `th e w orker may Ih-louiu Impa a very limited passive rnngo and, in tho pres tient, and fast speeds may distract him be ence of vibration, its role Is usunlly passive. cause of ids inability to keep up witii them. The physical effects of vibration on man ore In either case, nccidents can happen. One ol primarily mechanical, effects that produco tho most Important concepts in human fac motion and relative displacement and which tors engineering is the design of equipment may result in injury. in temis of human capabilities and limita Biologically, the body responds to stimuli tions. presented to its receptor organs and, of Difficulties arise when the control of these, the nerve endings are adversely af mechanisms becomes too complicated for fected by vibration. Piston-operated pneu normal human actions. Witii an increasing matic tools produco significant problems, due work-productivity tempo, it follows that ev to their vibrations which vary, ns the strokes, erything must lie done to design tin; equip from 2S0 to 0,000 per minute. Tho hcnxficf4 ment and to set up tire operating procedure', the tools usually the slower the vibration so as to facilitate tire gicatest possible rate. The "throw" of the machine nlso comes efficiency and safely. Tlicso are tire aims of Into question. Mechanical tool vibrations can human factors engineering, the application piutlucu nccupiitiiiiinl disorders by Injury to of which can hnvo a big Inlluciicn upon tin- tho soft tissues of the hand (particularly tho future working environment. There am sev palms), impairing the function of joints in >1 the arms (th e elbows more than the wrists eral points that can b e more precisely stated: first, the designing engineer must have an r'i: and the wrists more than the shoulders), and understanding of the sense organs ami tin- I creating vascular disturbances (evidenced by characteristic? of Ituinnn perception and re Intennittcnt pallor or cyanosis of tbe extrem- sponse if a satisfactory operator reaction is to f itles, the fingers in particular). The latter Is be obtained from sounds, lights, meters, mid % known ns the Raynnrd phenomenon, which other media In the operation of equipment Vi' is liable to be present, in miners, riveters --mnn himself is n poor .monitor of equip and the operators of vibrational tools gener ment; second, th e designer must not place ally. Vibration rates of 2,000-3,000 per min unreasonnble dem ands upon the operator ute appear to be the worst offenders, but ( in, say, reaching mid operating n control or much still has to be learried about the sever a lever, or In d ea rly differentiating ln-twccn ity influence of th e "throw" of the machine. i Human Factors Engineering and the Envi ronment. * two or more controls); third, the dcslgncr m ust bear in m ind tliat tbe operator mny not always be at his peak b ut mny suffer fiom temporary i m p a i r m e n t of functions In recent yenrs, attention has been turned ( through, sny, fatigue) thereby causing Inef to (lie co-ordination of machine design mid ficiency, and licit tlicro mny Im clinup.i-x in human adaptation to the machino Itself. functional activities ns a result of aging; and While he ultimate, though unattainable, finally, the environmental conditions in goal would be for equipment and methods which the equipm ent and operators are to to be developed for each individual operator, operate must be studied and thoroughly con the more practical view obviously Is that op sidered. timum conditions should be discovered and A ttributing accidents to liumnn faetois incorporated in the design of equipment for alone lias sometimes been ovcr-euipliasl/.cd. groups of workers. As work becomes more Often, the underlying cause of the ncc-idcut physically demanding, accidents may be ex can be traced to poor or inadequate design pected to increase. The importance of work of equipment, particularly in relation to tiic speed as a factor in safety is frequently un controls. ( I t might be pointed out that S'-/. der-estimated. Ordinarily, with more stren greater consideration could be given to the K uous operations, the speed of work falls off (lcsign of controls In certain types of rock considerably towards the end of a working drills from the viewpoint of nudinrnctrir ! day and, ns a result, accidents may not be as i / ' high from this cause as they otherwise would il be, unless physical fatigue intervenes. IIow- ) damago to the operator at various operating positions. Experiments have shown that, in some machines, there nrc other Ilian "-.land- Y ,,, ) 8 0 0 0 6 5 3 ' , Mining Industry 1967 National Safety Congress psychological effect of mechanization had small mines, particularly colliei job to, .maintain high i^ k a lc and achieve nrd" positions that would he less hazardous been noted in the longwall mining of narrow accident rates and increased L . - Mgb productivity--tv^.htjdctives that go to in regard to noise reception). seams, with the same monotonous operations were ascribed to a higher ratio oj^Pjnnge- gether. ' ' ' ' ^ The working place is only one aspect of 1.0 mining environment The n.aelm.e is an being repealed several times a shift. This ap plied pal Menially to the power loader opera rial supervision". C urrent s t u d i e s ' t o show that tire beneficial effects established The Soctologtcal Mining Environment. other ami often an equally important o tor who was called upon to travel to and fro under these conditions con be applied to the Let us turn momentarily to the sociologi follows Unit special considciation should he ,,long the longwnll face. Difficulties and dan re-organization of larger mines. T he princi cal aspects of our mining environment. In given to range, strength, speed and accuracy gers horn boredom arose, b ut were overcome pal change that has been recommended in stead of studying human behavior in terms of bodily movements in relation tg the de by arranging for the loader operator to the existing organization of large mines is of individual or personnel characteristics, so sign of machines, including their SJ'PPC>s,z> change jobs w ith one of the stable men at the strengthening of on-the-job supervision ciology is the study of social relationships direction of movement, speed, and the loca the end of rac li fw n liaverso. I he impor- or "innnngomont", by recognizing tho work between people, In In ms of values, goals, di tion of their controls. I Iiiiicu of such psychological factors in acci ing fnco os ilia basic un it of production mid vision of labor, mill unity patterns, ami so on. The Tsychologlcal Mining Environment. dent prevention is w ell-recognized. . . . . by building from there a structure which Thera is more tn the behavior of human Effective motivation can create a highly . limits the slzo and diversity of any ono level beings than can he explained in terms of In At one time, work was regarded as a dcsiiahlo mental and psychological environ of managerial supervision. I t has been stig- dividuals. Tho statement by Stuart Chase physical phenomenon and productivity was ment anil, for this reason, factors in th e mo gested that, from a human viewpoint, vc;y --should ho noted: "Any industrial organl/.a the outcome of the application oh physical tivation of a mining work-force demand large mine organizations would function bet tion performs two major funclioris-tlie eco energy; but men are no longer considered to closer attention than they may have received ter if they were, in effect, a collection of nomic one of producing goods and the social be mere machines. W e expect and receive in the past. Motivation of an individual can smaller mines, each with a sense of individu one of creating and distributing human, satis productivity through a combination of men he very different from motivation of a team. ality and purpose. ' faction among the people under its organiza tal and physical work. Mental world refers to Today, men function both as Individuals and In such ways ns these hum an relation tion. If the company's human organization is that foim of achievement in which remem ns team members and, In Industrial team re ships, both individual and group, are being out of balance, all of th e efficiency systems bering, thinking, reasoning and judging are contributing elements, and physical work lationships, the psychological factors In volved can sometimes he used us criteria lor i'{ vastly improved in the United Kingdom coal mining industry. T he individual worker feels in the world would not improve die output". W ith the Introduction of new method-;, embraces those activities where speed, coor evaluating productivity. closer identification with the job and the su techniques and technologies, It is essential dination, and Intensity of muscular response Productivity varies from worker to worker, pervisor "senses" better control of the opera that consideration bo given to both the social arc the main concern of the individual. Min- anil an individual winker's production may .V tions. It:has been contondcd flint organiza and psychological consequences of liiimva- ing is one of those occupations where n com bination of both physical and mental coordi vary hourly, dally, or weekly; how much he produces is influenced both by his pbysfcil tions con perhaps become too large for die '..I*. individual worker to develop any senso of tion. Even with existing methods, llielr so ciological Influences should be cxumiiied. nation is called for and, in many cases, it is condition and by his psychological attitude "belonging", which is an essential clement In Very little work appears to have been dona impossible to separate the distinctive contri to employment. Differences in production j$r full worker cooperation. 1 on the sociological aspects of the mining in butions made by the respective factors. rates between groups of workers are usually At this juncture, I wisk to refer momen- dustry on this continent. T he litfle that has The most readily observable effects ot greater than differences among the individu tartly to tho psychological aspects of accl- been done should be studied. For example, physical activity on the individual are in als forming each specific group. W hen varia dents and of safety consciousness. T ho psy- an analysis of tho psychiatric studies in nn creased breathing rote, pulse rate, tempera tions in achievement and response vary from chologlcal facets of the accident environment Eastern Kentucky coal mining community is ture, blood pressure, and oxygen con1s" " 1Pj oroun to g ro u p comprising men of compare- W should receive much closer attention. The rewarding. tion, and it is towards these physiological hie skills some of the variations can b e at- ; -a" mere adaptation of breezy! accident preven- But studies of considerable significance changes that mine air conditioning and other irihuted to die groups themselves. Perhaps ^ tion slogans and the competitive registration have recently been conducted in the United physical environmental controls are directed. 'one group iliiaas. Dk cceenn acco_rd__ed___m_o_r_e__self-dl- & of los.t.. time statistics are not good enoug,1h,. Kingdom and m e being continued. One in Productive efficiency is bound up with rection than another, or in one group some The "grid" theory, that was originnlly de teresting study concerns the introduction of both energy output and f a tip e . Physical individual emerges as a leader. In other signed for managerial interpretation, has mechanization to replace the older hand fatigue is derived from sheer physical causes words, some groups become teams more so j s ; been fouiid to be applicable to supervisory winning methods of coal mining. In many and momentary "blocks" in an individual s t; responsibilities and, it Is suggested, could be cases, a change that was technologically output can be ascribed to his general physi cal condition; b u t we cannot overlook the mental aspects of fatigue, one of which is boredom, when tins Individual feels <hat h ' work presents no challenge and when Ins In terest in the immediate accomplishment ot that work disappears. W hen this happens, he ends up in a motivational conflict and his productivity suffers. ., . The problems of mental fatigue that arise from repetitive activities are not as pro nounced in mining as in some other indus tries. Nevertheless, they should not be over looked. An example from coal mining m United Kingdom is perhaps of Interest, m e * The increased working solidarity within the group often extends to increased solidar ity In (heir off-wmk activities. This sort * thing could become ve.y lm ,m ilant lea ho sociological problems of an isolated mining community. But, group productivity may suffer, if sociological factors are ignored or treated as u nlm portant-ln spite of incentive payments that could normally be expected to stimulate productivity. Studies in the efficiencies of large versus small mining work organizations have been undertaken overseas. Some tim e ago, note was made of the comparative success ol i !' equally effective in its application to safety training programs. The rolo of tho supervisor is extremely liu- nurtmit os an environmental factor. Is his to be an emphasis centered only upon higher Y*. productivity? or is It to be an emphasis on 'A. his subordinates' welfare? or is it to bo a lit. blend of both? The role of the supervisor in mining activities is distinctly different from h that in other industries. H e Is confronted with widely-spaced work points, difficult of 13 access, in unusuol conditions of rock struc- y lure, of lighting, of noise, and the like; his is a network of supervisory nctivitfe.a. It Is his efficient was only partially, successful in its effectiveness because it cut across team moti vations. Tlicso difficulties have giadtially been ovcicoino tliroui'h tho development ot more strongly-knit primary woik groups. A somewhat related study of the inter connection between workers nnd their socio logical interests is also available. Industrial safety has long been a problem in coal m in ing, where safety depends upon an nwaicness of Individual nnd inter-group responsi bility for the working conditions left for oth ers (who follow on the next shift); loss of close group feeling could lead to accidents. ) 1067 National Safety congress With mechanization, accident' showed o se rious increase and it was considered that the disruption of social groups by mechanization might be a major cause. In an attempt to coricct this problem on the job, management took steps to rebuild the social organization of the work group off the job by recreational incentives. At the same time, they empha sized the interdependence of the shift lottps and the social organization of the mine as a whole. Within less than a year, the accidents in the mines handled in this manner de creased significantly in comparison with sim ilar units that did not follow these policies. The sensitivity of social factors both cjn and off the job should be properly studied and utilized effectively by management. In the evaluation of productivity, the eco nomic, mental, and social environment of the worker must be taken into account. At one time, Industry tended to concentrate nlinost entirely upon "economic considerations"-- tire amount of product, the quality of prod uct, wastage, errors, damage, lost time, com pensation claims, and so on. Some attention was then given to the "physiological and physical demands" on the industry--safety and injuries, short term illnesses, permanent effects on V.illh, absenteeism, and so on. In imue ivcciit year', "psy< Imliie.ieiil consilientlions" have been receiving some attention-- fatigue, emotion, monotony, job pride, work satisfaction, motivation, personality adjust ment, etc. Now, industry finds it both neces sary and advantageous to include "sociologi cal factors" in its considerations--worker adjustment, family contentedness, levels nnd standards of living, cultural nnd social amen ities, the impact of adolescence, the prob lems of isolation, and tire like. The Mining Community and the Mining En vironment. The mining industry of both Canadn and Alaska is a powerful factor in the develop ment of those countries. Many mining com munities, particularly the newer ones, arc es sentially single enterprise in their concept and are usually located noilli of the strip of settlement along tire U.S.A./Canada border. These communities, which constiluto "iso lated mining environments", aic destined to play an even more significant role in the fu ture, particularly as the mining industry it self expands and extends its frontier^ further northward. Such mining communities present certain special environmental features that may af fect the working and socinl lives of the com munity--the miners and their families. In their development and structure, these com munities follow broadly tlio same pattern as the mine that they serve: the reconnaissance, the development nnd, finally, the productive or mature, stage of establishment, in each ot which management, in its relation to the community work-force, can face problems differing in scope and in intensity. T he composition of these Inter day com munities varies from those of the early set tlers in North America. Replacing the small free trade industries of hunting and fishing, mining communities aie closely related to the expanding Industrial growth of the cities, in that they rely upon very much the same type of labor nnd skills as their urban coun terparts. For tliis reason, some degree of ur banity is essential to these new communities since, in order to compete with city-based i n d u s t r i e s , housing, amenities, and salary/w age scales must be adequately nttraclivc. In order to minimize tlio problems arising from the mobility of labor and labor turn over, mine management is finding that it must givu iiioio than ciusoiy Ihoiiglit, uni only in housing and amenities, bill to tliu social nml communal life of the mine work-force. Gov ernments also have an important environ-' mental p art to piny through the provision of roads, educational and communicative facili ties, and the like. It lias been said that inadequate planning lias been a featuro of many of the isolated mining communities even in the recent past, and proposals for the future suggest that the essential aspects of community development;, which should perhaps receive closer atten-,. tion include siting, planning, administration, bousing policies, recreation, community insti-' tutions, nnd public relations. It Is essential to develop a full apprecia tion of tlie sociological off-the-job factors to bo introduced into tlio concept of mining towns of tlio future. Employees should be encoiuagcd to enter upon all phases of their socinl environment ns full community pnrtlcl-. pants, freed from any form of company po litical pressure, and should be encouraged to act nnd bclinve ns citizens. Management and men both have a part to play in community affairs and, in a community sense, must each f|KT 00065-1 Iiidiuiq/ contribute to the other's overall tlon. In single enterprise communities in3 . relations could well become, in effer^eilWfl* munlty relations because the company comes into contact with the miners themselves and with their wives and children as well. In the early stages, th e company has often been called upon to play tiro combined role of employer, banker, chief taxpayer, home pro vider and local government, a role which has sometimes led to difficult social relations be tween company officials and "townspeople". Under such conditions, the company may have been impelled to assume a paternalistic attitude towards its employees and their de pendents, in an effort to make the commu-t' nity "one happy family". "Keeping the wives happy" is often a dif ficult organizational problem. Wives develop feelings of claustrophobia, notably in com munities In the midst of or up against moun tains, or surrounded by forests or the rela tively barren Canadian shield. For personal contentment, wives enjoy the ability to shop, to liavo a "hair-do", to participate In church or recreational activities all of the year round, and to feel th a t their children too ore in an adequate social environment. Some are confronted with tlio predicament of mloloscunt youth, who, growing into adulthood In an isolated community, are faced w ith a di lemma th at the city youth1does not encoun ter-anxiety regarding a futpre vocation, or merely the future (particularly in relation to daughters), education (particularly second ary and higher education), and so on. These aro tlio problems of th e miner and his family as a unit, giving rise to anxieties which may be carried on to the job. Companies are find ing it beneficial to make every effort to assist family units to overcome these problems which, through their impact, could have ad verse psychological and sociological effects upon company operations. In the isolated mining communities, one sometimes hears the comment: "W hen you come home from the mine, the mine comes with you". This reflects the mental attitude ; of both the m iner and Ills wife. I t Is proba bly more emphatic if the living quarters are within ear-shot of tho company whistle or if the miner lives in a company-owned house. The whistle itself has been known to create problems through resentment because, in the single enterprise community, there is only one wliistleir"liis m a s t e r voice! ihcro should be a "buffer" by. way'Jbf a nature belt between' the township -slter^nd the opera tions site to reduce such Tmpmgcincnts. . Strenuous efforts should be made concern ing recreational facilities, coininunity-ruri but company-supported, to cater for off-work lei sure periods. Shift work presents its own so cial problems in any case, but it can oho rcduco accessibility to recreational facilities unless special arrangements arc made. Gov ernments have a vital interest in isolated mining communities, which, by coming into being, constitute loci of further national de velopment; it is im portant th at up-to-thcminute news or the National Ilockey League games can be enjoyed, not only in Clticago and Montreal, b u t in the most Isolated min ing community. The automobile straddles tire distance be tween the isolated community and its nearest neighboring largo centre, if highways are provided. Miners arc able to relax away from the mine a t reasonably frequent periods. One gathers th at it is th e view of tiro plan ners of some of tiro newer Isolated communi ties that, if properly used, the town's soiling amongst the trees, rocks, water, and oilier natural features could bo so developed as to encourage tlio company cniployco and his family to think of their cuininiiiiity iuoru as a resort than as a inininturo city. If cltl/ciis could be persuaded to accept such a view of living in an isolated community, much could probably be done to improve the communal environment, which impinges upon the dayto-day mining activities. In Canada and Alaska, w here the frontim* of mining aro pushing further and furlhcr northwards, and where mining in the future will call for th e solution of the problems of "arctic" mining, the upper echelons of man agement are now realizing the impact that these sociological and communal problems will have on the exploitation of this conti nent's mineral w ealth. Feasibility studies of the future must embrace not only the techni cal and economic factors, but the human factors as well. Necessity will force the duvc-tnillng of these facets of nignnizntiimnl behavior. Out necessity should not lie the only Impelling motivation and the mining in dustry as a whole should, under the normal conditions of its expanding existence, ap preciate the Importance of these factors and their composite contribution to the opera tional environment. 1967 National Safety Congress Conclusion. In tin's review, a num ber of topics, which a few years ago would not have been consid ered relevant to the mining environment, have been discussed: some of the topics would have been considered beyond the scope of the engineer and engineering m an agement. It is possible that little new has been introduced into individual environmen tal facets, but tire review will have served a useful purpose if it has brought the several facets together and demonstrated their inter relationships insofar as the total environment of our industry is concerned. In Ibi' past, mining cnginci'ix have nut been calieri upon to study closely the psy chological and sociological problems of their own industry and even physiological aspects have not been as fully appreciated as the background to many of our physical environ mental controls should demand. Today, we are realizing that they arc Important, not only in daydo-day policies of safety and ac cident prevention, but in routine processes of personnel control and personnel manage ment. The engineer is rapidly expanding his knowledge and his influence into these newer fields, because feasibility studies of new mining ventures recognize them as fac tors in the ultimate success of the enterprise. Educationally, tire mining engineer must he trained to think in these broader terms. Ilis is often the decision on problems that em- bracc, or are influenced by, other training and disciplines which impinge upon his own professional responsibilities and which ore coming moro and more into his orbit. I nm impressed by both the potential and the problems of the notth, problems which lie within the sphere of responsibility of the management of single enterprise communi ties, of which the mining industry provides the principal examples. I consider that an understanding and fuller appreciation of these problems should be included in the present day training of mining engineers, upon whom will fall the future task of plan ning, and bringing Into production, the min* t'i;il irsmnccs of Oils conllnciil. Even established m anagnm nls may find it beneficial to recast tlicir thinking and modify their approach to industrial problems that are constantly in a state of change ns indi viduals and communities develop their selfexpressions and modify their attitudes to wards environmental conditions. In many of the older mines, it may perhaps be difficult to adjust fully to the changes and tempo, not only of newer technological development, but present day trends in social and person ality adaptations. The management of newer mines can grasp the opportunity to analyze and benefit from the broader approaches. In our joint planning, ns mining engineers con cerned with (lie training for, and application of, our profession, oil aspects of tho miner and his environment m ust necessarily be considered. I < Ji4 OOOGTvT ) ) v f i n i n g Inrfiitfri/ THE NEW FED$|Jtt SAFETY LEGISLATION AND Y g yj? OPERATIONS J By BOBEnT H. McFIULLAMEY. Ass't. Solicitor. Mines nnd Coal Research. Office of the Solicitor. U.S. Departm ent of the Intcrior, Washington, D.C. S V An interest in safety in all phases of In- tion of health and safety in metal and . dustry, particularly the mining Industry, is nonmetallic industries. " manifested in various forms of positive ac- , 2. The Act provides for a modified joint 5/ lion to promote and Improve safety and is Federal-State program of Inspections where V being carried on by individual companies, an agency of the state has adequate legal :'V mining associations, safety organizations, ml- authority to enforce its own existing health > neral trndu associations, employee orgntdza- and safety standards which in the judgment i lions, ami by agencies of tho State nod Fed- of tliu Sccretniy of th e Interior an; substan- era! governments. tially ns effective ns the mandatory standards One metliod of positive action in tire field promulgated and adopted by the Secretary, of mine safety is the enactment of a law. and which provide for inspection at least an .j This method does not always m eet w ith uni- nually of mines oilier than quarries and sand 3,\ Red agreement when tho law provides for and gravel pits th at are subject to the Act. h. the entry of the Federal government into a This nspcct of the law affords the opportu . field of activity, whether it is in mining ac- nity for, and emphasis on, the development .. . tlvitics or somo other *industrial activity. and administration of health mid safety .< 'fw1. Sumo would prefer thut each segment of an codes, standards, or regulations by the S industry.develop its owp safety programs, States. Tho State plan provisions of tiro Act } ; adapted 'to its own peculiar conditions--in will be discussed later in more detail. ! x i . Aort, "self-policing". Others would prefer that authority to develop and administer tfe safety codes, standards, or; regulations be left at tlie state or local levql. T he position is taken by some that the activities of the Fed- Ibf. eral government should be confined to im proving henlth and safety research, training, and tho collection, compilation, and analysis , of accident statistics. The Federal Metal and : Nonmclalllc Mine Safety Act Is a composite of nil those views, and there is room for all to operate concurrently. The purpose of the Act is to promote health aryl safety in metal and nonmetallic mineral industries; or, expressed in a differ,. ent manner, to reduce the accident rates and I ; ' improve health and safety conditions in mli^I',-, ing and milling operations. . r i " , !'' ' I ! Having expressed a puipose wlmt does the Act do to accomplish it? 1. It establishes a Federal program of systemntic inspection of those operations of each mine the products of w hich regularly enter commerce, or tho operations of which (feet commerce, anil it recpilrcs tire devel opment, promulgation, and enforcement -of health and safety standards. Tlius, the Fedoral government is Infected into the pinmo- 3. The Federal government is further in jected into the program of positive action in the area of health and safety research, train ing and tho collection, compilation, and analysis of accident statistics. The Act pmvldes that expanded programs should bo de veloped for tho education nnd training of employers nnd employees in the i(.`cognition, avoidance, and prevention of accidents nr unsafe or unlicaltliful w alking condition!: In the mines. The use of the term "expanded" programs is a recognition of w hat tire Bu reau of Mines lias been doing for years, with the cooperation of employers mid employees. The Act further provides th a t operators ol mines shall submit, nt least annually mid at such other times as the Sccretniy of the Inte rior deems necessary, reports of accidents, injuries, occupational diseases, and related data, and the information obtained from these reports shall be compiled, analyzed, nnd published, either in summary or detailed form. All the information nnd reports may l;o published nnd released to any interested pi rson nod they shall lie m ade iiv,-iilabl.- fur public Inspection. 4. Where does "self-policing" fit into the picture? Standards may be developed and promulgated; statistic: m.iy be <ompdi d, .m ) 190T S'dtioiuil Safety Congress OFFICERS OF THE m in in g sec tio n I i' OOOGFii; I }' k , . ,ig Indt(ri . ' ft Visual Education Committee--W altk. Br tiUNi:I.S()N (C hairm an), The Ilamia: Minin:! Co., Aont, 1libbing, Minn.; IL J. Ann 3. IlumustHkc-SapIn I'a itu n s, Grants, New M\iij>. National Safety Council 1967-68 General C h o i M- N k.l, I'l.o H anna M ining Co ABC,S' ,r n ^ Chuirman-Elccl--ALi.ux D. L o o k, U. S. .,,can of Minos, Duluth. Minn. ........... Virc-Chul........ ... U. Fi. si, Noitli Hay, Out., Canada. Mines Accident Pre........ Association of Ontario. T/iird Vicc-C/u/irninn--Rov G. S , o n , U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. ^ Sccrctmy-U. C. P l i m .m o n , U. S. Bm. uu of Mines, Salt Lake City. Utah. Assoclations-PubUcity Com m fliec-JosErii H all (C lm innan), Reserve Minlnu Boy. Minn.: C eouge O. Aucall, Jr., E. M. World Mining, Brussels 5 Belgium; L ' l i i i l l . K n o u lo ck, Mining Congress Jotirnai, Washington, 1). C ;; A i.v in W . K n iim iii, K : and Mining Journal, New York, N. Y.; Cuius M a m e n , Cnnndimi Mining Jo m n .I. Card n- vole, Que., Canada; R ich a u d N. P a o l l , The Hanna Minuio Co , Agents, Jlililiing, M nn., J. G. R ic k a iiv , International Nickel Company, Copper Cidl, O ut., Canada; H as in N. Sk il l in c s , Skillings Mining Review. Duluth, Minn.; W . J. rniESEN , Republic Steel Lorp., l: ( Port Henry, New York. Panel 111 Third Vice-Chairman Program CommlMec-llonERT W . Van Eveiia (Chairman). American Mining Congress, Washington, D. C.; H. D. Stott, Caluinet & a,tl i t Evanston, Illinois; J. W. Jeffuies, Mines Accident Prevention Assn, of Manitoba,^ linoin 818, Wlnnli>cg, Manitoba, Canada; W esley G. Johnson, Inland Steel Company, Isb- ' peniing, Mich. : ^.M em b ersh ip C o m m lttee-T . T . Finder (Chairm an), Utah Division, Kciinecott Coppcr Cof,,., 1 Salt Lake City, Utah; D . W . Henry. Ilecla Mining Com pany, W allace, Idaho, J. L. Doyle MacLeod Cockshutt Gold hilncs Ltd., Ccraldlop, Ontario, Canada: Rniu.m Baldeck, Inlcniallonol Salt Company, Clarks Simnnit, |t a , J. F. 'Vd.'-nl iMi r^nmnnnv of Wyoming, Green Hlvcr, Wyo.; E , 1\ S iiood, Cliicr, Uiv. ot A ttiti m Prevention A H e a lth f U. S. Bureau of Mines, W ashington, D. C.; Joseph T. Mortimer, Bay Mines Div., Kcnnocott Copper Corp., llaydcn, Ariz. ' ' Entertainment CommiHec-EvEBETT W hite (C hairm an), M ine Safety Appliances Co.. 1 - - - - - " 'oLEnEN, U. S. Steel Corporation, Virginia, Minn. Bureau of Mines, Du- i ' North Bay, Statistics C o m m ittee-O w en B. Boland Ontario, Canada; F omiest JK K ? & 2 S tiL Canada. ,1 V**cum . Duluth, Minn. S.'Bureau ot U Coleman, Bethlehem Mines Corporation, ComAsbestos f Quebec, Ltd., Black Lake, Quebec, . . r - U . . . . I- 2-- . S' * -- .. & " '" V I A Cooke* Falconbrldge Nickel Mines L td , Falconbridgc, O ntario, Canada; Lim Ann C. Leonard? In la n d S te e l Co.. Ishpcmlng. Miel.,; *C. R. Neil, Bethlehem Mmes, C.,p,, Cornwall, Pa. rn m m Ittee--*H arold F. T hompson (C hnlrm nn), American Zinc C o , Mascot, Tenn *1S rE R T A w "ndel, The Anaconda C o , Bureau of Safety, Butte, M ont, Jo n s A Cooke, Falconbrldge Nickel Mines L td , l nlconbrldge, Ontario, Canada. Tmining Cnm nlef-G. N apier ( J ) . s'* B m e a u 'f ^ 5 eo,`; f c ' s t a f R epresentative--C lin to n H. Hocii, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Avc, F S r Xr,l gogmoina Orer PPrroperteiessDD^ vlv^,,.AAfpjm" a S'^ k^a te h e w a n Canada; John S Kelly.: Chicago, Illinois 60011. Hlasnyy,, Potash Company of America, Sa^ n! ,, W abush Mines. Wabush. Labri- U. S. Banuaredanu" E i,R o A ? T h e An;;c;)nda Company.'Brittannla Deacti. B. C,, Canid,. dor, Canada Past General Chairman. PETROLEUM SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 MllW': .AGeneral Chairman--O. C. Haier, T he Standard Oil Co., (an Ohio C orp.), Cleveland, Ohio $ ;/ [ Vice General Chairman and Newsletter Editor--E. W. M il e s , The M arathon Oil C., >.1' Findlay, Ohio 1% ' ^ A u b ta n t Newsletter Editor--*G l e n n F. S t e d n it z , UOP Chemical Division, McCook, 111. *' v j, Program Chairman--J. G. L o w r a n c e , Service Pipe Line Co., Tulsa, Okla. Secretary and Cameron Award CJutirman--C. W. L is t e n , Phillips Petroleum Co., Bnrtlcs- : f vllle, Okla. ' ^-Ckdirm an, Dio. o f Manufacturing--]. I I o w a rd St a r k , Suntidc Refining Co., Corpus Cliristl, Tex. if Chairman, Dlv. of Marketing--W . A. M a l l o y , Texaco Inc., Now York, N. Y. V . . t i Chairman, Dio. o f Pipelines--L. W . K in iso n , Shell Pipe Line Corp., Houston, 'lex. iK " | `i Chairman, Dlv. o f Production, Drilling, i f ExpIoratlon-KEN N ETii V. Br o o k s, Cities Service |i ; ` . Oil Co., Tulsa, Okla. | a Chairman, Off-the-Job Safety--H a r r y B r it t , Atlantic llichlicld Co., Port Arthur, Tcvax ...,, I I , . W Chairman, Education i f Tralnlng-C . N. Smoljan, Mobil Oil Corp., E ast Chicago, Iml. aw* Ji r $ 4 Chairman, Health Committee--Dn. H a r o ld W . S p ie s , American Oil Co., Chicago, 111. i: SfV. \ fy cheinnan, Publicity and Public Relations--R. J. L arson, The Ansul Co., Marinette, Wis. V if} \ - J|. Chairman, Activities and Membership: Atlantic R egion-A. D. Jo h n so n , Paragon Oil Co lli.' Long'lsland City, N. Y.; G ulf Coast Region--St a n l e y A t h e r t o n , Getty Oil Co., linns- 'l".',. ton, Tcx.j Great Lakes Region--A. A . F iu h iiy c ii, Universal Oil Products Co., Dcs l'l.iiin [' III.; Mid-Continent Region--F r a n k K . L ic iit p o o t , Skclly O il Co., T u lsa , Okla.; I'ni iiu: Region--M urray H a m il t o n , Mobil Oil Co., Torrance, Calif. ers-At-Largc--'W. L. A v h e t t , Mobil Oil Corp., New York, N. Y.; D. F. C iii:ani y , lair Refining Co., Harvey, III.; W . A. D e n c e s , Jr., Mobil OH Corp., Paolsboro Re , Paulsboro, N. J.; A l e x is d e T a r n o w sk y , Pure Oil Compnny, a Division of Union Company of California, Palatine, III.; R o iie r t D il l s a v e r , Cities Service Co., Ncv ' 7 N. Y.; W . K . D o tso n , Great Northern Oil Company, St. Paul, Minn.; Pa u l D. .l e y , American Oil Co., Chicago, III.; J. U. Pa r k e r , H um ldc Oil & Refining O r , ston, Tex.; D a l e R ic k a d a u c h , Cities Service Oil Co., Bartlesville, Okla.; Jo ii:>' M. I ins, Ethyl Corp., Houston, Tex. <n L i a i s o n R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s F r o m A s s o c i a t i o n s - L A M A x D eueree, Association of O ilw dl SeJ ine Contractors, Dallas. Tex.; E. H. Falun, NaUonal Petroleum Refiners Assn., WsA- * Ington D. C.; I. J. FisHEn, Jn., American Assn, of Oilwell Drilling Contractors, DDV Texas;' J. F. Mc"Kenna, American Petroleum Institute, New York, N. Y.; Paul Witt,! : U. S. Bureau of Mines, Dallas, Tex. C h a i r m a n , A d v i s o r y a n d S w d y C om m ittee-* R o la n d P r y o b , Phillips Petroleum Co., Bartlei..| PLAN ville, Okla. ` ' NOW TO Members, Advisory 6- Study C o m m itte e -'C a m . Adams, Contimmt.il OU Co., HoultCVjj Texas; *S. Ross C aiu, C ult Oil Corp., Houston, Texas; ` Fred C laiborne, Pan Amq- can Petroleum Cor p.i (Houston, Texas; *Parker C. Folse, Mobil | - TEND New York, N. Y.; *C. II. L indberc, Sinclair Oil & Cos Company, T d sa . OWa^ Il.T., Markee, Phillips Pctroleeiuiin Co.,. Bartlesville, Okla.; *Clenn F. Stednitz, UOP Chcrnlcd, Division, McCook, 111.; 'Q uincy V. T uma, Texaco Inc., Houston, Tex. Post General Chairmen - C D. Atpaway, Thiokol Chemical Corp. M ___ NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRES: Bi.ack, Sun Oil Co., Philadelphia, l'n.; II. W. Boccf.ss (Ret.); W a l t e r Boon ( ^ ;. OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / CONRAD HILTON HOTEL, CIIICAG A. W. Breeland, (Hel.); J. II. HnowN, (Ret.); W illiam (R e t.) 150 (Ret.) .............................. ' " The Congress is always a big week, a worthwhile wee for the 13,000 safety people who attend. Staff Representative-C. S .i.uley, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Ave., C h ic s ^ 111.60011. V I Past General Chairman At the '68 Congress you .can meet other safety pcoph with the same problems and responsibilities as yotirsd You can exchange views and Ideas on accident prevci tion, health, hygiene, and fire prevention. . . .on safe' in industry, traffic, school, at homo and on the fart- You can see the largest of all safety equipment exhibit at the Congress . . . an opportunity for you to make v/cl Informed buying decisions for your company. This four-day educational program, planned and P f sented by the National Safety Council, can be yo. most thought-provoking, most worthwhile safety exp rience in 1968. Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and brii the other people in your organization who have sale' responsibilities. FUTURE CONGRESS DATES 1968 Octobe r 28-31 1969 Octobe r 27 -30 1970 Oct obe r 2 6 -29 1971 October 2 5 - 2 8 1972 Oct obe r 2 3 - 2 6 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCI 42$ NORTH MMUiMtL AVENUE CHICAGO^IUliiOiC 60G 000658 W M \ i'if ? a'.' * " . m ' v'i. .4. . t.djf', ) OFFICERS OF THE PUBLIC UTILITIES SECTION \ Nationall Safety Council 1967-68 VJ Utmbership Committee--M. H p ti; Co., ViUa Park, 111.; Mayn m ? Supervisor, Southwestern Be! Duroun of Safety, Chicago, 1117 0006 ) tt V* ^(iinM atT ),iSi(ety SliperyTsor, T h e L. E- Myers ,, jE ttiT ' ("Vice Chairman ), .Cederai Plant Training l&on C o .,, S t LflulSr M q ;T OtaWiNPSon, Secretary, I^Neiosfetter Committee--Robert H. W ard (E ditor), Safety Director, Omaha Public Power arra District, Omaha, Nebr.: Colon F . Stanley (Vice Chnlrman), Safety Manager, General LU , Telephono Co. of Florida, Tam pa, Fla.; T homas C. McKeli.y, Dir. of Training & Safely, ^ Laclede Gas Co., St. Louis, Mo. fpff-the-Job Safety Committee--E rnest W . T raut (Chairm an), Safety Director, Cencral Jaft Telephone Co. of Pennsylvania, Erie, Pa.; E ocene II. W essells, Jn., Safety Supervisor, General C h a lr m a n - K E N N E T U d i O ecar, System Safety Director, Metropolitan Edison CoV>| Western Massachusetts Electric Co., W est Springfield, Mass.; D onald N. Mooiie, Safety Reading, Pa. ^ Engineer Assistant, Los Angeles D ept, of W ater & Power, Los Angeles, Calif. First Vice-Chairman--U. J. Lorenz, Manager of Safety, Northern Indiana Public Servtoi:, _|;'.PuMlc/l(/ Committee--Bon Coopeu (C hairm an), Manager of Personnel & Snfcly, Industrial Co., Hammond, Ind. I IV Generating Co., Rockdale, Texas; H arold R. L ewis (Vice C hnlrm an), Safety Program *; Supervisor, Pacific Telephone & Telegrryph^Co., San Fronclsco, Calif. Second Vice-Chairman--M arvin B. T ravis, Corporate Safety Director, Northern Natunl:, A L m 'l, *'. i l l Research C om m ittee-T homas II. E dwards , . . (Chainnan), _ Safety l,,P'rractices Supervisor, Gas Co., Omaha, N ebr. Southern Dell Telephone & Telegraph Co., Atlnnta, Go.; W illiam W` `. WlLLIFOnil (.Vico _ ,,,, , . c.r., v ir n i n t a F U r ir ir . & Pnwer C#'5 a&'j Chairman), Plant Supervisor-S w ety, The Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co., Wash- Secretary--Join R. Yeaman, Jn., Division Safety Engineer, Virginia E Ington, D. C.; T homas A. Brow n, Jr., Supervisor-Safety, T he Bell Telephone Co. of Alexandria, Va. Program C om m ittee-W illiam J. BnvAN (Chairm an), Safety Engineer, McWon-Wlsconila| Pipeline Co., Detroit, Mich.; T homas V. Keane (Vice C hairm an-E lectric), Safety Rep;,& sentaUve, Phadelphia Electric Co., Philadelphia Pa j A uix PiEnsoN (V k e Chatomaa- G as), Safety Engineer, Philadelphia Gas Works, Philadelphia, Pa.; Robert F. M nxs (Vioi Chairman--Communications), General Safety SupvL, M ountain Denver, Colo.: John T . C appio (V ice C hairm an-W ater), City of Philadelphia w a w g Dept., Philadelphia, Pa 3; Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.; J am es D. IIoac, Safety Director, Union Electric Co., St. Louis, Mo. % Tnffe Safety Committee--T. L. P owers (C hainnan), Safety Engineer, Gas Department, V:Publio Service Electric fit Cas C o., Newark, N. J.; O. R ay Bowers (Vice Chainnan), h Safety Engineer, Central Illinois Light Co., Peoria, III.; G. R ichard C h a pin , Accident ^Prevention Administrator, Long Island Lighting Co., Hicksvillo, N. Y.; Borert N. Hurt, ,,^Director, Training, Employment fit Safety, American Electric Power Service Corp., New F t York, N. Y.; H arry W . B ecker, Safety Manager, American Gas Association, New York, N.Y. Technical Publications C o m m ittee-Herman C. Potthast j C hairm an). Safety Officer, U-SSj D .n t of Agriculture, Rural Electrification Admn., Washington, D. C.s J. E. A P P tt (VKS.F. C hairm an-E lectric), Safety Engineer, Commonwealth Edison Co., Chicago, Ri.; Donau,/, iy 'i Paul Windsor, Secretary, Bureau of Safety, Chicago, III. Corr]p., Cary," Ind.;*R aymond J. LonD, Safety Supervisor, D etroit Edison Co., Detroit,- Mich.: W illlym E. C arlson, Loss Prevention Administrator, G eneral Telephone & Eleo | tronics Corp., New York, N. Y. Training Commifiee-RicHARD V. Molen (C hainnan), Supervisor-Safety Services, Coa&i solidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc., New York, N. Y.: R . P a u l B o l t o j a c k (Vice? Chairm an), Safety Director, Illinois Power Co., Decatur, III.; E rnest G. SintAmat, DI-j rector, Safety & Training, Indiana Statewide Rural Electric Cooperative, Inc., Indianapolis Ind.: F rancis E. P ayne, Safety Manager, Northeast Utilities Service Co., Hartford, Conni*,: BnucE G. GALLACiii-n, Accident Prevention Coordinator, Hydro-Electric Power Com.?, mission of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; C harles II. McL auty, Assistant Manag; of Safety, Texas Power & Light Co.. Dallas, Texas; Ashby B. R andolph, Manager of: Safely, Consolidated Gas Supply. Corp.. Clarksburg, W est Va.; G erald R. T homas- Safety Director, Columbus & Southern Ohio Electric Co., Columbus, Ohio. j. Audio-Visual Aids C o m m ittee -Vehn A. Sielebt (C hairm an), Safety Manager. Generili Telephone Co. of California, Santa Monica, Calif.; John RiTitMiLLEn (Vice Chalrmao)..Staff Safety Engineer, Lumbennens Mutual Casually Co., Chicago, III.: H azen E. . Svauldinc, Safety Director, Central Vermont Public Service Corp., Rutland, Vt.; K.C. Goodwin, Cenerai Safctv Advisor, Consumers Power Co., Jackson, Mich.; F rank SusTELLO, Jr., Employee Relations, Safety & Claims Superintendent, Reading Gas Division, United Gas Improvement C9., Reading, Pa.; Robert J. O wens, Safety Engineer, Pacific Gas & Electric Co., San Francisco, Calif. LVCemeron Award Coordinator--Marvin D. T ravis. . jjySPECIAL REPRESENTA\ TIVES: 'American Gas Assoclatlon-~CunT L . P endleton, Asst. Safety Manager, New England Power Service Co., Boston, Mass. Amric$n Publia Power Assn.--I I uiam G. T ripp, Snfety Director, Chattanooga Electric jij,. Power Board, Chattanooga, Tenn. i f American W ater W orks Association--John T. C appio, Safety Officer, Philadelphia Water Pjf Dept., Philadelphia, Pn. 1 ^ `Canadian Electrical Association--W arren L. C lifton, Director of Accident Prevention. Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. fti-Natlonal fob Training is- Safety Association--EnNEST G. Sheared, Safety Director, Indiana tv,; Statewide Rural Electric Cooperative Assn., Indianapolis, Ind. $ Past General C hairm en-1957-58, J. E. ArrEL; 1958-59, E. M. C hase ( R e t.) ; 1959-00 R. S. Lowe ( R e t ) ; 1980-81, B. E . McE ldowney, Jn.; 1901-02, V. L. W o m m .o o h it. 1982-63, EnnoLL D undar ( R e t ) ; 1903-04, Paul W indsor; 1904-03, T. F. W il-koiu (Deceased); 1985-00, W . L. C lift o n ; 1968-87, C. ScmvnicKAnT. [!'< Staff Representative-ttALPii M. C oe, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Ave., Chi cago, Illinois 80811. 1967 Natio, - Safety Congress Rauroad Sieden OFFICERS OF THE RAILROAD SECTION NATIONALt SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-1968 \ General Chairman--D. K. M il l e r , The Southern Pacific Co., San Francisco, Calif. Vnominations and Elections Committee--*T. L. Hildedrand (Chainnan), Soo Line Hailrnad r" Co., Minneapolis, Minn.; *W. V. Hats (Vice Chairman), New York Central System, New ev York, N. Y.; *D. P. Russell, Canadian Railway Co., Montreal, Que., Canada. * ;tmgram Committee--R. P. L triu (Chairman), Elgin, Joliet &Eastern Ry. Co., Joliet, 111.; J. L. Youno (Vice Chainnan), Southern Pacific Co. (T &L Lines), Houston, Texas; ). R. 1I Bannerman, Canadian National Railways, Montreal, Quo., Canada; G. M. Coate, Dolt Ry. Co. of Chicago, Chicago, III.; J. T. Andrew, Great Northern Railway, St. Paul, Minu.; 1`V ! G. MacKenxie, The Alaska Railroad, Anchorage, Alaska. Vice C/kiiiiikiii- W . \V. Osuo(ini:, Noifolk & Western tty. Co., lUmnoku, Va. Vice Chairman--R. P. L it t l e *, Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Ry. Co., Joliet, IU. y :' yf . \ f u b i l e ottona C om m ittce-N. J. Andrews (Chalnpan), Illinois Central Rollroad, Chicago, HI.; ji W. J. McPhillips (Vice Chainnan), Union H. R. Co., E. Pittsburgh, Pa.; S. W. Mos- K; vice, Great Northern Ry. Co., St Paul, Minn.; O. W. Smith, Grand Trunk Western R.R. "jiL Co., Detroit, Mich.; Roy S. Eno, Denver &Rio Grande Western R. R. Co., Denver, Colo. Secretary and Newsletter Edirpr-H . A. L in d e r e r , St. Louls-San Francisco Ry. Co., Spring'' f..i.e..l.d..,...M.. o. ' ! & Associate Newsletter Edifors-Cnnada: *D. P. Russell, Canadian Pacific Railway Co., Moo- ; lrc.il, Q uc, Canndn; Southwest: R. S. Van Ness, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. R t Co., Ottumwa, la.; East: W. C. L.viiaway, The Delaware & Hudson Railroad Co, Ak &s; M^Trraining Committee--J. C. Buckingham (Chairman), Lehigh Valley R. R. Co., Bethlehem, | ! Pa-i D. D. Baird (Vice Chainnan), Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry., Cliicago, III.; St;f *Tx.'L. Hildebramd, Soo Liinnee RR. RR.. Coo..,, MMinnnneeaappoolliiss,, MMiinnnn..;; JJ.. GG. Beldham, TTooroonnttoo,, ft!, Hamilton & Buffalo Ry. Co., Hamilton, Ont. Canada; *W. V. IIavks, Now York Central System, New York, N. Y.j W . R. Brown, Lako Region, Norfolk & Western Ry. C o , Clcvo- baity, N. Y.; West: H. A. IIopkins, Missouri Pacific Ry.-T.&PJty, St. Louis, Central: D. D. B a ir d , Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe R y , Chicago, III.; Southeast: R. L':j Ohio; K. L. Patrick, Chicago & North W estern R y , Chicago, III. M iller, Western Lines, Southern Railway System, Knoxville, Tenn. j.j Representative--L . W . D utton, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan A ve, Chi- Research and Contest C om m ittcc-E . D. I I arville (C hairm an), Chicago, Burlington Quincy Lines, Chicago, 111.; E. H. Blewer (Vice Chairman), New York Central Systyfi Cleveland, Ohio; W. C. L araway, The Delaware & Hudson Railroad C o , Albany, N. L. R. T illy, Peoria and Pekin Union Ry. C o , Peoria, III.; G. M. DYEn, J n , Kentucky 4?, Indiana Terminal R. II. C o , Louisville, Ky. , ' Audio Visual Aids C om m ittce-M . M. E chols (Chnlrm an), Western Region, Norfolk 4 | Western Ry. C o , St. Louis, Mo.; C. W . Bailey (Vice Chairman), D uluth, Missabe &Irm; Range Ry. C o , Proctor, Minn.; L. E. W all, Illinois Central Railroad, Chicago, IU.; E. C. Husk, The PuUman C o , Chicago, IU.; H. A. H ill, Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomtt j R. R. Co., Richmond, Va. _ ' v.-fy . f'-J;'-. . ... h i. j$ f ^ 00011 - . , General Chairman. Railroad Highway Traffic Safety C o m m ittee-C. J. Baiuiy (Chairm an), Chicago, Milwauk<`. ^ ,, St. Paul & Pacific II. R. C o , Chicago, III.; D. F. GirronD (Vico C hairm an), Chlca** j i.y \ Creat Western R. R. C o , Oelwein, Iowa; *H. C. D aulton, The Louisville & Nashvllk)j p R. R. C o , Louisville, Ky.; H. E. Shauchnessey, Erle-Lackawanna R. R. C o , Clevehnd; > " Ohio; *D. P. R u s s e l l , Cnnadiau Pacific Railway C o , Montreal, Q u c , Canada; *W. V. IIayes, New York Central System, New York, N. Y. ' Home and Off-the-Job C om m itlee-J. L. Young (Chairman), Southern Pacific Co. (TkL:, mii.vv;;* ' Lines), Houston, Texas; W. B. G roome (Vice Chairman), Union Pacific Railroad, Ortrtv ha, Nebr.; H. M. Deaver, Kansas City Southern Lines, Shreveport, La.; R. W. Bowma-V Bessemer & Lake Erie R. R, Greenville, Pa. ft' Membership C om m ittee-F. R. E llis (Chairman), Reading Ry. Co, Reading Pa.; ,C.,B.| C arcelon (Vice Chaiiman), Bangor tc Aroostook R. R. Co, Bangor, Maine; R. 0. ij/'t- LL iinndd qquu iiss tt ,! Nn oorruthieeruni PiUaLcfiufivc; R 7y.. Co, uSt.. aPaul.,, .M. ..i.n. .n. ..9; jJ.. .H. .. G----ileillan, tChicag o B--ock; fy i .Isl.and3 &. JPaci.faic R. R. Cmo., Kans_a_svC_i_t_y_,_K__n_n-s..; eS. rE. .C...a..v...a..l..i.e. ri, KNUew... VYoa.r1k, MNeamw* HU*mbm t f o &H__artfAord --R. --R. C_ o, New H**aven, /CTo__n_n_ ,- C. AA . TBTm___c_n, J1an, 1M11l.s.s.o..u.r!l-tK^aAnA sasm-TTeawxa*s. VR.I1L' rtoV ':. Co, Denison, Texas; J. L jY o u N C , Southern Pacific Co, (T &L Lines), Houston, Teui;. W. J. M c Ph il l ip s , Union'JL R. Co, E. Pittsburgh, Pa. 0 0 0 6 (H) : .;a B g SW Sp V , : -j. OFFICERS OF THE WOOD PRODUCTS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 i General Chairm an --Roy F. Po^vell, Potlach Forests, Inc., W arren, Ark. Vice Chairman ir Program Chairman--K. L. G ipson, Georgia Pncific Corp., Portland, Ore. Newsletter E d ito r-C . R. Rusthmcyer, Canadian Forest Products Ltd., Vancouver, B. C., Canada. Secretary end Membcr.dii)) Cftairman-UowM m A. C uiitjs, Simpson Timber Co., Shelton, Wash. t Sawmilling C o m m ittee-D enton S hell (C hairm an), Tremont Lum ber Co., Joyce, La.; W . M. Allison, Council ot the Forest Industries, Vancouver, B. C., Canada; J. A. Bain, Arkansas Dept, of Labor, Little Rock, Ark.; James G iiady, W estern Wood Products Assn., Portland, Ore.; S. L. Gbecoby, Pope & Talbot, Inc., Portland, Ore.; Ralph H abding, International Paper Co., Long Bell Div., Amboy, Wash.; Louis U. lloia.scim n, Weyer haeuser Co., Tacoma, Wash.; C harles H. Jones, Michigan M utual Liability Insurance Co., Chicago, III.; L ionel L andry, Southern Pine Assn., New Orleans, La.; Geobce Nonius, Council of the Forest Industries, Vancouver, B. C., Canada; Louis P osey, Dia mond National On., Northwest Lumber Div., Curtir d* Almo, Idalto; T homas L. Ras mussen, Tins Connor Ltunber & Land Co., Lnonn, WIs.; S iev e Sciiuueiit, Dicrks Forests, Inc., Hot Springs, Ark.; *E. A. Roles, Weyerhaeuser Co., Longview, Wash. Logging Commiitee--jEirny W. Netteiivili.e (C hairm an), Southern Timber Operations, Crown Zcllerbacli Corp., Bogalnsa, La.; J. A. Brown, MacMillan, Blocdcl and Powell lxor, Ltd., Vancouver, B. C., Canada; Joe T. D unlop, Dicrks Forests Inc., DeQueen, Aik.; R. K. L ewis, Rayonier Inc., Moquiain, W ash.; jEiinY Measel, Herman Wilson Lumber Co., Leola, Ark.; F. J. Muscutt, Timber Operators Council, Portland, Ore.; *T. E. Nobtii, Rayonier Canada Ltd., Vancouver, B. C., Canada; H aywood N utt, Roy 0; Martin Lumber Co., Alexandria, La.; G. R. Potts, Forest Products Accident Prev. Assn., Toronto, Ont., Canada; A. F. Robdins, Crown Zcllerbacli Corp., Portland, Ore.; John T uiiceon, Quebec Lumber Industries Safety Assn., Quebec City, Que., Canada; Fncn W ade, Northern Interior Lumbermens Assn., Prince Ccorge, B. C., Canada; Hariiy Zweic, St. Regis Paper Co., Tacoma, Wash. Veneer and Plywood Committee--E. E. Sutherlin (C hairm an), Georgia Pacific Corp., Crossclt, Ark.; J. S. Bowman, United States Champion Plywood Corp., New York, N. Y.; Stanley Uutciiuii, Bureau ol Labor Standards, U. S. Dept, of Labor, Washington, D. C.; D. L. C ameron, Hartford Insurance Croup, Pine Bluff, Aik,; II amiy L. D uncan, United States Champion Plywood Coip., Atlanta, Ga.; Stovall F arm er, Ceorgia Pacific Corp., Crossett, Ark.; L. W. H acebup, Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co., Chicago, III.; Jack Mealey, Employers Insurance of Wausau, Portland, Ore.; W illia m N elleb, Hay Div., Wcldwood of Canada Ltd., Woodstock, Ont., Canada; W ayne P aukeh, H unt Lumber Co., Inc., Ruston, La. Gus R . !P h illips, Georgia Pacific Corp., Augusta, Ga.; Entras H. R eeves, Forest Products Accident Prevention Assn., Toronto, Ont., Canndn; R. G. Smith, Cascades Div., U. S. Chairiplon Plywood Corp., Lebanon, Ore. . 44 ) Furniture and H lllw ork Committee--Roiuuit J. D unnacan (C lm lm inn). North Canili Dept, of Labor, Winston-Salem, N. C.; y. K. Anderson, Krochlcr Manufacturing ( Binghamton, N. Y.; James M. Blandfoiuj, Consolidated Underwriters, Kansas City, M *R. C. CniLDnEss, Cooperage Div., National DIstilleis Products Co., Mcniphia, Ten n o * E. Johnson, Kroohlor Manufacturing Co., Kankakee, 111.; I trim A. I.\i>n Employers Insurance of Wausau, Wausau, Wis.; P ete L ea, United Furniture Cm Lexington, N. C.; Barry H olliday, Hickory Manufacturing Co., Hickory, N . C.j Cr.oa Schneider, Andersen Corp., Bayport, Minn.; I. W . S in rrr, Jos. E. Seagram & Sons, In New York, N. Y.; W . D . W illiam s, KrocMer Manufacturing Co. of Kentucky, Loulsvi' Ky. Liaison w ith Cooperage A stoelallon-I. W . S itu rr, Jos. E. Seagram & Sons, Inc., New Yo N.Y. Coordinotor-Cameron Award--' T homas L. Rasmussen, The Connor Lumber & Land C Laona, Wis. * Nominating Com m ittee--'T homas L. Rasmussen (C hairm an), T h e Connor Lumber & La Co., Laona, W is.; " J ames Grady, Western Wood Products Assn., Portland, Ore.; *J. Bowman, U. S. Champion Plywood Corp., New York, N . Y. Staff Representative--Edward J. Sedlacek, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan A' Chicago, Illinois 60611. Past Ceneral Chairman. i \ a- ) ) ) OFFICERS OF THE TEXTILE SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 . . I V ; Publicity and Association C om m ittee-*G lknn G. F l e m in g (Chairm an), Corp. Safety . Director, Celanese Corporation of America, Charlotte, N . C.; M ns. I da C. A y e r s , Asst to Director of Personnel, Collins & Aikman Corp., Albemarle, N. C. ' Rules and Regulations C o m m ittee-W . C. C r e e l (C h a irm a n ), Safety Director, North Carolina Dept, of Labor, Raleigh, N. C. Contest Committee--* E . L . F e r m e n t e r (C hairm an), Senior Div. Service Representative Loss Prevention Dept., Liberty M utual Insurance Co., Spartanburg, S. C.; R. W . L a n k! General Chainnan-I. M. D avid so n , ' Division Engineering Manager, American Mutual , j Jn., Plant Manager, P.F.M. Division, Johns-Manville Products Corp., MarshviUe, N. C. Insurance Companies, Atlanta, C l. ' Vice Chairman--L y m a n C u n n in c h a |M, Safety Director, E. T. Barwick Mills, In c,-*';? ' LaFayette, Ga. j . ? Secretary--B runo J. D vcdon, Personnel Administrator, Joanna Western Mills Co., Chi- ' cago. 111. 1 Newsletter Edito r - Ja m es F. Jo n e s , Asst, to Manager, Engineering Dept., American Mu*! i; tual Insurance Companies, Atlanta, Ga. - "f: *; yTM,nati n C om m ittee-G u y A. B o o k er , Safety Supervisor, Monsanto Compnny, Textiles Div., Pensacola, Fla.; B . S. St r en g t h . Safety Supervisor, Monsanto Company, Textiles J, Greenwood, S. C.; Mns. I d a C. AYEns, Asst, to Director of Personnel, Collins & ; Aikman Corp., Albemarle, N. C. . . ft* * . Adoisory Coinm lttce-B. S. S t r en g t h ; C o y A. BooxEn; Mns. I d a C. Ayers; A. E CoN ' . : ^ L L T ; FonBEST N. P e t t y j E. L. P e r m e n t e r ; H. S. B a u c o m ; C. L. T r o m m l r ; n . I. Barr; G len n G . F lem in g ; John G . Sa yers. . Engineering and Health C om m ittee-S. L. S w e a r e n c in (C hairm an), Supervisor Safety ; and Plant Protection, F iber Industries, Inc., Salisbury, N. C.j 'A . E. C o n n e l l y , Safety ; fleprerantotfoe-TiioMAS F . P o w ers, National Safety Council, 425 North Michigan . Avo., Chicago, III. 00011 . " Supervisor, E. I. duPont dc Nemours and Co., Martinsville, Va.; W. E. V in so n , Amer- ' V- ' lean Mutual Insurance Companies, Atlanta, Ca. 'Past General Chairman ' Education and Training Com m ittee-FnED L. T h a ck st o n (C hairm an), Claims Ad|uster, Abney Mills, Anderson, S. C.; R a y m o n d E. M a c k , Safety Supervisor, Firestone Textiles, Inc., Gastonia, N. C.; M r s. O l i v e H. C o o lid g k , Personnel Mniiuger, Doughlioy Plastics Production, Iuc., West Helena, Ark.; W. P. CniEn, Jn., Springs Mills, Inc., F ort Mill, S. C. Membership Committee--V u sc il E a c k l e s , Division Safety Director, Bcnunit Fibers, Re search Triangle Park, N. C.; FnED D e iu u c k , Safety Supervisor, South Carolina Industrial Commission, Columbia, S. C.; *11. S. B a u c o m , Director of Safety, North Carolina Indus trial Commission, Raleigh, N. C. - Synthetic Fiber Committee-- R o b e r t I. Bonn (C hairm an), Safety Supervisor, IRC Fibers Div., Midland-Ross Corp., Paincsvillc, Ohio; *B. S. S y b e n c t ii, Safety Supervisor Mon-' santo Company, Greenwood, S. C. Colton Ginning Comm/ttce-RoDEBT C o l l in s (C hairm an), Executive Vice President, Ar kansas-Missouri Cotton Ginners Assn., W est Memphis, Ark.; A r t h u r B . B o n d , Educa tion Specialist, Production & Marketing Div., National Cotton Council, Memphis, Tenn.; V e r s o n P. Mo o re, Engineer in Charge, U . S. D. A. Ginning Research Lab., Leland, Miss.; A l f r e d M. P e n d l e t o n , Extension Agricultural Engineer, Dallas, Texas. 00-Thc-Job Comim'ffcc-*CiLAiiLEs L. T h o m m eii (C hairm an), Corporate Safety Director, Mohasco Industries, Inc., Amsterdam, N. Y.; ' C u t Bo o k er , Safety Supervisor, Monsanto ;! Company, Pensacola, Fla. Fire Comniiftee-JoHN M. M c A l m n e ; (C hairm an), Supervisor of Safety and Plant Pro tection, Celanese Fibers Company, Rock Hill, S. C.; F o b b es t N. P e t t y , Safety aod Benefits, Dan River Mills, Inc., Danville, Va. '