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SAFETY
RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
SSU0 THIS PACE RCVlifiO
ENGINEERING STANDARD
JAN 1M4 JUNE 1M4
S2H
6TANOAAO RfAPFtftMEO
JUNE 1t*4
P*S* 1 of *
:nis starcaro induce* requirements ot me Cccuoat'Ona ai r:. y\a Health Act ot 1970 (OSHAl as published in me Federal Register
DSHA m'otmition is printed in red
1. SCOPE
1.1 Thie standard doee not apply for expnoun- m airIvornr radioactive contamination for which sperval contidrrauon may be accessary.
1.2 Du Pont policy ud elated public position on cnginrering cootrola and respirators it that "each em ployee s persona] work eavironrecat should be main tained at a safe exposure level through implementation of cost effective engineering controls augmented e> necessary by personal protective equipment and/or work practice controli."
1.3 This standard provides information for the selec tion. use, and care of respiratory protective equipment (respirators). The term "respirator'' in this standard iused inclusively ud applies to stmoephrre-supplymi: and air-purifying devices that provide breathable air to the wearer within the limits of the equipment, whatever the source of air.
Administration (NIOSH/MSH A) ahall be used when available.
3.1.1 Respirators purchased attar Sept 30, 1974 shall be manufactured per quality control plan approved under Tide 30. Code of Federal Regulations. Part II. Such equipment will bear an approval lahcl bearing the letters "TC" instead of "BM."
3.1.1.1 Exceptions. Self-contained breathing apparatus approved by Bureau of Mines under Schedule 13 through 13-E equipped with an audible end-of-servicr life indicator and gas masks approved by Bureau of Mines under Schedule 14F is approved fnrure until further notice provided they (1) were fabricated, assembled, or built under an approval or any mod ification thereof iasued by the U. S. Bureau of Mines. Department of the Interior. (2) were purchased on or before June 30. 1973, and (3) are maintained in an ap proved condition.
2. GENERAL
2.1 Each aite should have a properly.trained individ ual responsible for the respirator program.
3.2 A list of the respirators and their manufacturers! certified by M05H may be obtained by requesting HEW
Publication No. 80 -- 144 plus cumulative supplements from:
2.2 Respirator training it available through EM) spon sored courses. Ref (1) through (S) outline requirements
for proper roapirntor program. The individual re* poosible for the aite program should be familiar **1th
Fief (1) through (6).
2.3 Engineering Standard S9H outline* requirements for canister/cartridge use for air-purifying respirators. SIH for St testing, and S1H for air distribution.
NIOSH Testing and Certification Laboratory 944 Chestnut Ridge Road
Morgantown, WV 34MS
Division of Technical Services NIOSH Robert A. Taft Laborslories 4414 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati. OH 45224
11.4 Respirators should not be used as a aubstitutr for 3.3 At the present time, there are no approval sched udequate exhaust ventilation or other feasible engineer ules for air-euppiied util*.
ing control methods.
4. USES AND LIMITATIONS
2.S Respirators shall be worn at all times where the at mosphere may be harmful to employees dur to unusual conditions, and where work it necessary in areas where worker* may be exposed above safe limits. See S2T for information on exposure limit*.
11.4 Each lunation shall develop written procedure* de scribing the seteetion, use. and care of respirators.
4.1 Users of respiratory protective equipment shall have medical approval. This should be documented in each person's medical record.
4.2 The air-purifying raapiratnro; La., eaninter gaa maaka, ohemical-cartilage ranpiralora, and maohaniaai-HIter respiratort (TaMa 1C) ahall not ba unnti tor raaeua work. These respirator* do not supply
3. APPROVED RESPIRATOR*
51.1 Only equipment approved by the National Institute tor Occupational Safety and Health/Mine Safety Health
oxygen and therefore do not protect against possible oxygen deficiencies. Another reaeon for this require ment is that these masks are not intended for use against unlimited or unknown concentrations of contaminants.
r onion* octv.se in rso sss com OSHA raguisnons. Semen 13:0 151
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Vendors and merchandise assignation* are given to describe materiala and msy not include alt acceptable product*. Substitutions by suppliers am to be made only on approval of tn* local authonty initiating Uve use at ttva standard-
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4.2.1 UTien the air it deficient in oxygen, the svmpioms range from increased volume of breathing and acceleration of pulta rate to unconsciousness and death, depending upon oxygen content and the degree of a perron'* activity. Unconsciousness to Immediate when a man breathe* pure nitrogen end death may follow In a few minute*.
4.2.2 An oxygen deficiency may indicate a hazard other than inert gaa: e.g., flammability (ace 4.4), akin toxiciu. or absorption through the akin, particularly hydrogen cyanide. Portable oxygen and toxic-gz* de tector* are deicribed in S3T.
4.7 Reapiratory protection may be required for cancer auspect agent*. Refer to OSHA regulation* for specific requirement*, Section 1910.1000 teries, and to SZT.
4.g An unconlaminated (upply of air muat be aaaured when tiling a ho*e tnaak with blower.
8. SELECTION
8.1 In aelecdng a reapirator, the following factora (5.1 - 5.1.4.1) and Tablea 1 and 2 abould be conaidered. Engineering Dept Report, Acceaaion No. 15147 "Reapir ator Selection,'' will provide guidance.
SSH. o2
4.3 Air-purifying reapirator* ahould not be used in at mospheres immediately daagerona to life and health or when the contaminant hat poor warning properties, ex cept a* noted in S9H.
4.4 The following warning aigna require immediate re turn to freah air:
a. 'jneomfortable heat in the inhaled air. (A prop erly operating canister will become warm on expoaure to certain gnses_or vapors, bat a caniater which become* extremely hot indicate* that concentration* above the canister Until have been encountered.)
b. '(f nausea, dizziness or aigna of distress develop.
C. 1 f the canister has a window indicator which show* the specified color change.
d. I f any leakage is detected by ameil, taste, eyes, nose or ti roat irritation.
a. Nature of the hazard
b. Severity of the hazard e. Type of contaminant
d. Concentration of the contaminant
*, Period protection is required 1. Location of the contaminated area with respect to a source of respirable air
ft. Expected activity of the wearer It. Operating characteristics and limitations of the available respirators i. Safety regulation* of state or local governments
8.1.1 Self-enailalnad breathing apparatus rattd for at lass) 30-minute iss-itaa dme should be ased for entry into potentially irraapirable atmosphere.
8.1.2 Self-oontained breathing apparatus with lea* than a JO-minute air supply shall be used only for emergency egress and not for rescue work or reentry.
e. If high breauhing resistance derelope.
1.1.3 Operating time for self-contained apparatus
Is based open moderate work rates. Operating time is
4.8 L'sett should select canisters and cartridge* speci redaced by Increased inspiration required by heavy
fically approved for the toxic gas and eoneantration to be exertion.
encountered. Canister masks that bear the label "AllService," "All-Purpose," or "Universal" should not be used for a specific gas or vapor if a caniater is available for that specific gaa or vapor.
5.1.4 Only poaHIva praaaur* self-contained breathing apparatus or eeintonation air-lino respira tor and atof-cantalnad breathing apparatus, shall b* used In oxygen-dafletont atawapharaa or wtwro tha
4.8 Many toxic gases and vapor* are flammable and the contaminant to, or might bo, biunodlotaty dangerous
user could be exposed lo a potential fire or explosion. to Bfo and health (Table 1A). The air In the self-
Work in aunoapharea in or nanr the flammable range la eontained unit of the combination air-line respirator and
prohibited. When the possibility of flammable atmo self-contained breathing apparatus shall be used only for
sphere* edits, a check should be made with an ex- egress in event the hoee-line supply of air is interrupted.
plosimeter and pertuisaable concentration* confirmed The volume of this exit supply may vary for different
prior to entry. Standard F4J provides Information and applications, but shall be ample to allow the worker suf
instructions for use of portable flammable vapor and gaa ficient air to escape from the contaminated area. In any
detectors.
case, this supply shall nos be lass than 3 minute*.
Portions points* inodira from OSHA regulate**. Soenon itiO.1000 son**.
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5.1.5 Escape masks arc used onl> for rut from oi throufh contaminated area. These mal>> in- air sup plied or in certain caaea a cartridge respirator mat l,,used For detailed information on lelrctmn and iimitutitm*. conault Haskell Laboratory* report- li-trd sRrf (7). (8). and (9). These reporta ahould Ik* a.aUaid< from thr Departmental OSH Coordinatora.
5.1.5 Entry Maskl. Lac aclf-containrd bn-atkinc apparatus with at leaat a 14-minute air supplv nr a cumbination aupplied-air rcapirator until aclf-rontainni breathing air apparatut. Unit ahall be of thr pmaumdemand type. The entry maaka ahould be located outatdtof the potentially affected area in a nonrontaminated aria and properly identified and protected.
5.1.7 Pirn Fighting. Lae aelf-contained heea th inp apparatus with at leaat a 34-rainule air supply. I nit ahall be thr prraaure-demand type.
5.1.5 Schedule 13E of the l'. S. Bureau of Mine, on aelf-contained breathing apparatut require, a remitining aervice-life indicator or wanting for compr rated breathing air (except for aelf-retcue). Thear ran and ahould be obtained from equipment supplier* for apparatus not to equipped.
5.1.5.1 When the device ia a combination aelfcontained breathing apparatus and air-linr mpirator (aupplied-air reapirator), either a manual or automatir valvefa) ahall be provided to change to the aelf-contained air aupply if the air-line aupply fails, and to prevent thr wearer breathing contaminated air from the outaide atmcaphere. If a manual valve ia provided, it ahall be easily oppibie and located in a position which ia convenient to the wearer. If an automatic valve ia provided, a warning alto ahall be provided to alert the wearer that he l> breathing from the aelf-contained air aupply, (1) when hit normal air-line supply faiia, or (2) when the aelfcontained air aupply faiia below 95 percent of it* full container preeture. A quick diaronnect and check valve ahall be provided between the appermtua and the air-line aupply hoae to permit reedy eecepe from the area, end to prt vent loaa of breathing air from the device or inhaling the aurrounding atmoaphere, reapectiveiy.
analyaia auretnary. and G-7.1 for detaila including ampling and analytical procedurei.
Qm Breathing Air Analyaia
o
i CO 1 `COi 1 Hydrocarbons
(eondenasd) H|Ott
1 1 *1 | Odor
19.$ percent min to 23.S percent nuxt
20 ppei max 1,(64 pam max Soif/m*
Dew point 1m than the lowest prekahle tamparatxie to b* eneonntorodtt
Balaam Fvm of pmoeaaeed odors
! j j )
1
v See SST tar data ae dirset rwUlse portable oayfra taajyian. d TWii it aacaaaary la sravaas frssw-iap sad ataap|f o1 airftae ' Uw
await. Far lahlaa. iviar la '-Haadbaait of Caaiptstscd Gases."
5.2 A reliable nippUer ahould be choeen. Viait hit facilities to determine hit degree of control over the operation. If an air compressor ia used, it should be noaiubricated. If a lubricated compressor IS used, it muil have a carbon monoxide or high-temperature (or both) alarm. Annual contacts should be made to assure equipment and procedurei have not changed.
5.3 Preferably, certified breathing air should be pur chased from a reliable supplier. If a choice bee to be made between certified air front a questionable supplier and uncertified air from a reliable aupply, the latter would be the recommended choice.
5.4 Determine if the sir ia provided by eompreaaion or reconstitution (mixing nitrogen and oxygen) and analyte as follows:
Msthooef Preparation
Csmprssiiin - supplier does eat 511 cylinders with any yeaas other then air
Ceaipreadea - supplier (Ilia cylinders with Iuse ether than air
Analysts Recommend
Qaack M perusal of cylinders from sack let for ppm CO and eder.
Analyse ail cylinders for percent Oj. Chech Ip percent of cylinders from each lot lor ppm CO and edor.
5. BMATHINO AIR
5.1 Both purchased and manufactured breathing air hall meet or exceed the requirements of the speci fication for Grade D breathing air at described in Compressed Gas Association Commodity Specification G - 7.1.* See the following tabulation for Grade D
* A/Ktaew trots Compresses Oas sesnnoion Inc. 1236 Jefferson Oavts honors pr-mae m rae wa iron OSHA roputatona Section itiiO ISA
Hcceaslitutiea
Analyse til cylinders for per* out Oj. Gseck 16 percent of cylinders frem etch lot for ppm CO and odor.
5.1 ia addition, a complete analyaia ihould be eonducted periodically to assure compliance with tabulation
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(.1 Purr ..Itjrn shall not be used in open circuit, self Ilmuiphere-applying respirators. or in tir-lmr
respirsturs.
(7 * t lucrd circuit (rebreathing) system recirculate* riinirP nr make< up oxygen end remove* undesirable * '*! * earbon dioxide. Pure oxygen must be used , r. ir.r.r rnrmi, Syatema approved by the National Inm>ui- ter Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
>. uuliir a high-preasure cylinder for oxygen may be ur.i i ic><i circuit oxygen generating-type equipment *ti*. rt t* used.
7. PRECAUTIONS
7 1 An rttrnaive liat of inatruetione in uae and pr-- autii* fur each type of respirator is given in ANSI /** i' Ntmr precautions are given in Table 1 under hr*dina'uf i.uniutiona and Remarks.
a small positive pressure ia maintained inside the facepiece at all times, such that if a leak should develop, there would be no leakage of contaminant into the facepiece. (See also section 5 of S9H.)
7.5 A propur aoal cannot bo aotabllahod if tho tempi# bars of ayoglaaaaa uxtond through tho Moling odgo of lull-taco masks.
7.8 Contact lenses shall not be worn with full-face masks. See S4H.
7.7 All eyepieces in hill-face masks approved by the Bureau of Mines will peas the ball drop teat, but some plastic eyepieces may not pern the needle drop teat (S4H). Current schedule* of the Bureau of Minas, however, require that eyepieces shall meet the pertinent require ments for impact and penatration apeeified in the most recent ANSI Z87.1, "Safety Coda for Eya Protection.''
7.2 IV manufacturer's inatruetione or precautions of thr ASM rundard should be posted with the respiratory device
7.7.1 Full-face masks have been developed with systems for mounting corrective lenses inside the facepiece. 'Contact the' manufacturers for aaaiatance.
7.3 aii persona who mar have oecaaien to uae respiratory devices, or eauaa thorn to bo usod, shall be prope-ty trained In their uee. Also, in execution of plant (baancr plana, proper training in use of reqtiratory pmim-uvr.. equipment will aid in the performance of amiaith and safe rescue or repair operations.
7.3.1 Training in tho aae and (U tatting of retpiraiom ia an essential part of a respiratory protection program and i* specified in 05HA regulations. Training hall be completed prior to lit testing. See SIH for fittesting protocols. Additional references are listed in ecuun 9.
7.8 (Problems in the use of selfcomaintd breathing ap paratus (SCBA) at low temperatures include failure of exhalation valves due to frosen exhaled moisture snd failure of the regulator or low air pressure alarm. These problems can be minimised by:
S. Using only air with lew aioisture content
b. Installing a noaecup in the made
O. Thoroughly drying masks after cleaning
d. Keeping SCBAs in a warm location between uaea (if practical)
7.3.2 A alight negative pressure occurs inside the facepiece of face-fitting air-purifying respireton (Table 1C). Care "must be taken to obtain an affective aea] be tween the facepiece and face to prevent inward con taminant leakage. Alto, demand-type air-supplied reapiratora and damansl-type atlf-nontaintd respirators operate under negative prnature when the wearer inhales. Since aotre inward leakage of contaminant may be possible, these types providt lam protection. When pur chasing new air-supplied, atif-comained or combination type, pressure demand should be specified.
7.4 A pressure-demand type aalf-oonUinsd respirator or sir-supplied combination (self-contained) should be used in stmosphrres containing contaminants which cannot be detected ire enell. irritation, or lasts, or where special precaution must be taken to prevent the wearer from inhaling any trace of contaminant. In this type equipment.
a. Visually cheeking presume gages for low air supply
f. Following manufaeturar's instructions for uae in aubfreexing environments
Antifog compounds can ba used to coat the inside and outside of the facepiece to prevent its fogging, down to about 32*F (0*C). Below 0*F (-18*C), however, antifog compounds will not prevent severe fogging. Antifog compounds break down and require rcapplication periodically.
7.8 A half-mask facepiece diould not interfere with the wearer's uae of spectacles or goggitt. Proper selection of equipment normally will eliminate any problem of proper fit when using a combination of half-mask facepiece and
CONFIDENTIAL.
Portions ermtsc m rad srs from OSHA ragulstiens. Section tttO.134. M!|l|>
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7.10 Person* required to wear respirator* mui hr and hydrostatic testing of compressed-air cylinders. rlnn shaven In the area of the respirator seal, except \-un- that regulator anil hm.previ.ure alarm- are
* noted in Safety and Fire Protection Guidelines, functioning. >r< iTun 9.13,
i 8.3.2 Cylinders shall be tested ahjl maintained as 7.11 Conventional respirator* do not constitute an ah- prescribed in the Shipping Container Specification Reg
xiiatr barrier to iranamiuion of speech. The respirator ulation- of the Department of Tran-poi-tation (49 CFR.
expiation valve usually providera satisfactory pathway fop'Speech transmission over short distances in reta il' ijT quiet areas. Speech transmission devices arr available. (Caution: check for acceptability of electrical
rlajsificaiion for use in hazardous areas, and N105H ppVuval when mounted on respirator).
Pan 173).
8.3.3 Hoee Maaka. Check the blower period ically for proper operation. Check hose for wear and tear after each use and clean when necessary. Air-iine hose capped when not in use to prevent entrance of dust or
7.11 Hoses for air supply should be selected to resist chr micxls to which they may be exposed. Also, only hose approved for that respirator may be used.
other contaminants.
~ 8.3.4 Air-Une Raspirators. The facepiece should be serviced after each use. or at the end of the shift, as for all other respirators. The flow control valves should be
I. CAR!
inspected after each use and cleaned and repaired, if
t'
t.t General. A centralized maintenance, cleaning, and mo,-air station should be used to care for respiratory
protective equipment.
necessary. Air-iine hose should be checked for wear and tear after eaeh use and be cleaned when necessary. See SXM on air-euppiy system.
8.2 Procedure Applicable to All Respirators
13.1 SetMteoeuera. Monthly inspection is the most important phase of the maintenance program with
, ,8.2.1 Inspoctlon. All respirator* shall be in-P(ftVil routinely before and after each use ..Those held
this type of equipment because the equipment is seldom used but must always be ready.
reariv b,r emergency use shall be inspected at least monthly and after each nae.
8.3.8 Chomica(-Cartridge Respirators
8.2.1.1 Self-contained breathing apparatus vbsII Ive inspected monthly.
8.3.8.1 Cartridges should be discarded after a predetermined period of use. See 59H.
*8.2.2 Malntananco. YChen it is necessary to replare worn or deteriorated part*, only those made specif ically for the device shall be uiedj and the repair work shall br accomplished by trained personnel. For air-
supplied units at most plants, it is preferable that parts
of subaaaembtiea be replaced as a unit or returned to the manufacturer or factory-trained personnel for repair.
8.3.7 Mechanical FBter Respirators. Mechani cal filters of the "throw-away*' type should be discarded when the breathing resistance becomes bothersome to
the wearer at the end of the work shift. Some mechanical filter respirators use redeanahle filters, in which case the filters are cleaned when the respirator is being
aervioed.
8.2.3 Clouting and DMnfoetlng. Raspiraiory protective equipment, except canister* and cartridges, should be cleaned and disinfected daily.
8.2.4 Storage. All respiratory protective equip ment shall be stored in a clean, cool, dry place, out of dir-ct sunlight, under conditions of moderate tem perature. They should be located for easy acceasabllity and the location adequately labeled if accessary. Respi rators should net be stored in tnefa places as lockers or tool boxes unless they art in carrying cases or boxes.
8.3 Special RfoooPuree for Maintaining, Claantng, Dieimeeting, anp Storing Raspirators
8.3.1 Sell-Contained Breathing Apparatus. Thr cylinder pressure shall br checked monthly and recharged if below rated pressure [corrected to 70*F (21rC)]. Recharge after each use, following manu facturer's instructions. Follow manufacturer's instrurlions on functional testa for self-contained respirators
roruvns onmta n rse am (tent OSHA raguhnons. Section tsio is*
8. REFERENCES
1. Safety and Fire Protection Guidelines. Section 9.13 Respiratory Protection.
2. OSHA Respiratory Protection Standard CFR 29 1910.134.
3. NIOSH Publication 76-189, "A Guide to Industrial
Respiratory Protection." 4. ANSI Standard Z88.2 -1980, "Practices for Respira
tory Protection.'' 8. Haskell Lab Monograph. "Raapirator Catridge -
. Guidelines and Evaluation."
8 Engineering Standards S1H. SIH. S9H. and S2T. 7. Percival. L. F., "Escape Respirators." Haskell Lab
. Report 327 - 82; MR - S46S - 081 (June 1982).
8 Percival. L. F., "Escape Respirators," Part 11. Has kell Lab Report 663 - 8L: MR -S391-001 (October 1982).
8. kayser, J. M. and Fisher, F.M., "Escape Respirator Study," Haskell Lab Report 573 - 83t MR-SS24 (January 1984).
cON FI r:TSAi
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This Regs Re* Sept 1978
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TAEUt 1 - TYPES OP RISPBATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (CONTO ON PAOE 7) TRMa 1A - Ak-StfxHttd Ml
Method of Operation
Air supply from suppHed-eir orsathing apparatus. Soo S1H on air-oisMbution tyitom.
Uao Operating or ropoir work whore rnoro io exposure to oubitoncoo thot tro irritating or eorrooivo to tho akin and mucous momoranoo. out whora tha atmoapnora la not Immediately dongoreua to lifo. If immediately dangerous to life, tho respiratory equipment mould bo provided aa in 5.1.4 and the airouppiiod auit mould bo kept with a alight poeitive praaaure. In any eaae tho air auppty mould not bo laaa than ia minutao to allow the worker oufftelent air to eecape from the centaminatod area. A body hameaa ia raquirod to handle tho hoot line and tho life lino, which atwaye mould be worn aa a reacuo device. Helper (wearing imilor aireupplled suit, body harnaao. and life line) mould bo assigned with no other duttoo than to obeerve the mm in the hazardaua area, attend the lifo lino and in omargoney, oak for help and be ready to reacuo tho worker. (See SIM).
UmNetone
The wearing of an impenrioua auit for any axtandad period la extremely fatlgukig md dangaroua unleoa It la welt ventilated. The auit muat be impervious to the eubatmee en countered. with the longeat hoae length for which uao it Intended aaiombied to the reaoirator. and tne loweat inlet praaaure imanood tor ooqraflon introduced to the air-euppty hoae. conatant flow unite must deliver at lean 4 cfm measured at tha facepiece. The exhalation reitstmce at 85 more par minute mall not exeaad 1 inch of water. When hetmeta or nooda are uaod. tho aame requirements mutt be mat except mat tne how rate must be at least e ctm. For both types
of assemblies with the highest Inlet pressure and shortest hose length, tne maximum flow shall not exceed is cfm.
ftemerfco
No NIOSH* approval. For additional information, see Flaming, A. J,, O'Alonzo. C. A. md Zapp. J. A- "Modern Occupational Medicine," Chapter 7, `Protective Clothing (Or tha Chemical Industry,'' Lea and FaWgtr. Phfladftphia (I960).
A ftanque-Hllecn vonex tube** worn as a portable refrigerator pan satlsfactohiy cool com
pressed air for personnel weering industrial protective clothing. The vortex tube is light and small, and can be strapped to tne belt where It does not Interfere with physical movement. The tube operates on 20 to 2S cfm of compressed air at 80 to 100 pal and delivers IS to 18 cfm of air cooled 50 to 80*F betow the inlet air temperature. The tube cm be levaraed and uaed aa a heater.
1 Mum inantuc* wr Omumimd titty an hmi*, u. ft. Otp ol hmnh, (mumk** n wifart
* Aval**!* from
CnooA Manrfacturinft Comoany ft. O. to Mftt-T* Houston. TX 77001
CONFIDENTIAL
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respratory protective eqwpment
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Clooorf ckcu il oiygoo y o t m f n f ly p t EqUprwnt to AM apffOHd foe u m|
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