Document RJe5JXm0ky9Y0MjeZw3B8byg8

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But what Since this visit was initiated by an employee complaint, I gave him a copy of the complaint. Next, the manager's secretary contacted employer and employee representatives, who are to accompany me on my inspection. Is the employee representative normally the same person who filed the complaint? It could be but it doesn't have to be. It's a union representative in those places where there are unions, as was the case here. And as a matter of fact, the Act doesn't require that an employee representative accompany the Safety Specialist. If he doesn't, I am required to question employees'at their work, places during the inspection. What many businesses do in practice, of course, is to establish in advance who the representative will be, 3ust in the event there might someday be an inspection. This helps to facilitate things, and its a good idea. Anything else you discussed with the manager before starting your walkaround inspection? We talked about the probable route the inspection would follow. I told him that I might take the opportunity to question employees during the inspection and that they had a right to make statements to me, if they had something they wanted to bring up. Then, I asked to see the record that the employer was required to keep under the Act. I always look at these before my valk-around, for suggestions as to where I should give particular emphasis. So by the time the representative arrived I was ready to start out. Where's the first place you went? There is no set pattern for this but since I was already in the adminis trative area, I started my inspection there. I conducted the same kind of inspection I follow when I call on a business that has purely an office function, or a bank, or a retail establishment, or some other type of busi ness that is not closely involved in manufacturing. t D-i* / SAL GC0C206A9 more hazardous than others when it comes to accidents or illnesses. I'm speaking for instance about industries like lumber and wood products, roofing and sheet metal, mobile home manufacture, meat and meat products, ior.gshoring. Individual concerns in these industries should be prepared for inspection. And so should businesses whose activities result in a high and repeated exposure to certain materials like asbestos, cotton dust, silica, lead and carbon monoxide. And finally, inspections are scheduled on a random selection basis in any type of business or industry that comes under OSHA regulations. Do you notify the employer that you are on your way to see them? Practically never. No, it's so rare, it's almost non-existent for an employee to be notified in advance that an inspection is about to be made. OK, let's set it up then. At the beginning of this film we saw you entering a place of business to make an inspection. Nov, let's pick up there and you tell us what was the first thing you did when you got past the front door. I introduced myself to the girl behind the desk, and asked to see her employer, or whoever was in charge. What if the employer or manager told you to go away? Well, the Act recognizes that some day some employer might refuse entrance to a Safety Specialist. If that had happened here, I would have shown him that part of the Act which clearly states that the Safety Specialist nay enter, without delay, any establishment to make an inspection, as long as ix's a reasonable time. And if he still refused? Well, I wouldn't have tried to force the issue, but after leaving I would have quickly notified my Area Director of the employer's refusal. And he would have taken steps to have a court order issued. D-3 SAL 00002-65 scoffolding is defective, an employee could fall to his death, or could be disabled for life. And a violation is classified as an imminent danger, if it can reasonably be expected to cause death, or serious physical harm, right now. Then I can see that an imminent danger certainly would exist if gas were leaking from these cylinders. But what do you do if you detect this kind of violation, or a willful and repeated violation that is in the special category along with imminent danger. Can you shut the place down? I can't, personally, the Act doesn't give me that authority. But I can warn the employees who are affected by the danger, and I can alert the employer and point out the urgency to him. And if he doesn't do anything about it. I'll immediately call my Area Director. He can put the wheels in motion to obtain a court order to correct the situation. It helps to see these examples of potential violations. What else do you look for? Where do you look? Well, of course, one of the first things I always check is whether the required OSHA posters are properly displayed where employees will see them. That goes for outside work places as well as inside. They should be prominently displayed where employees normally congregate. A failure to post a notice doesn't strike me as a safety or health hazard. Is it subject to a citation? It is and a penalty, too. As a matter cf fact, there has been some citations and penalties proposed for this very reason. OSHA feels it's essential that employees be fully apprised of their rights and reponsibilities under the Act. Getting back to our mock inspection, what else did you find? Well, of course, I checked every fire extinguisher in the place. Now this one wasn't much used, because in the first place it wasn't charged properly. In the second, it wasn't easy to get to because the material was piled in front of it. These were both violations. And then while I was in D-6 SAL 0C0C2C651 What if you had found a violation? T would have made a note of it in my record. I may have pointed it out to the representative accompanying me, particularly if the violation was something that could he corrected on the spot. What if a violation was corrected in your presence? to include it it in your report? Do you still have Yes, for that matter even if the violation is corrected while I was there, a citation will still be issued, and maybe even a penalty proposed depending on the seriousness of the violation. Now that brings me to the question I think a lot of people have. When is a violation serious and when is it not so serious? And how does the degree of seriousness effect whether or not citations or penalties will result? Well, the Act provides some good guidelines here. Violations generally are divided into four categories; de minimis, non-serious, serious, and imminent danger. Let me illustrate each kind. A de minimis violation is one which has no immediate or direct relationship to safety or health. I think I see what you mean. For example, if these partitions were not in place, to separate the washbasins from the other facilities in this rest room, it would seem to me to be a de minimis violation. Now, how about the next one - the non-serios violation? The non-serious violation probably would not cause death or serious physical harm, but could have a direct or immediate relationship to an employee's safety or health. The broken rung on this ladder is pretty close to the ground, so if an employee would fall because of it, he probably would not be killed or permanently disabled. He might get out of it with nothing worse than a sprain, or a cracked ankle. A serious violation exists if there is substantial probability that death or serious physical harm can result from it. For example, if this D-5 SAL CCC02C652 What if the employer decides to contest the violation? Does he still have to post it? Yes, hut he can also post a notice with it stating that he is contesting the citation. He has 15 working days to contest. If he hasn't done it by that time, the citation stands and any penalties in connection with it become payable. Did you convey all this in your closing conference with the manager? Yes, and I also gave him the opportunity to show me anything else that he thought would be pertinent to the inspection or to show his efforts in maintaining a safe and helpful work place. He gave me copies of a safety training program in use in his establishment, and copies of correspondence which showed he had ordered new equipment to improve safety standards and correct violations. And that about wrapped it up, right? In this inspection, yes. That is, after I got his ideas with regard to the amount of time he would need to correct any violations. Then once I was certain he' was fully informed of what to expect from the Area Director's office and what his obligations were in posting any citations he might re ceive, and what his rights were in regard to contesting a citation, I thanked him and left. Well, I think that gives you a pretty general idea of what to expect from an OSHA inspection. You might be asking this question. How does OSHA check to see whether or not a violation has been corrected in the prescribed time once a citation has been issued? Well, the answer to that simply is a follow-up inspection is conducted. Now at that time, however, the Safety Specialist usually juso checks the specific violation. In working to meet OSHA requirements a real "bug-a-boo" is getting everyone involved to fulfill his responsibilities as prescribed in the Act. For example, it isn't always easy to convince employees to observe proper safety measures and to wear the required personal, safety equipment on a D-8 SAL 0(^OC20653 the workshop part of the business, I noticed the maintenance worker without safety glasses in an area where they were required. I also noticed that the work rest on one of the grinding wheels in this area was not set at the proper distance from the wheel. In this part of the shop I '^at the air pressure of this hose used for cleaning, didn't exceed square inch. If it had, it would have been a violation fc. from an air hose can cause serious injury if it had been usea in.. here I found a well-stocked first aid kit, but no one trained in its use. Now, unless there is a clinic or hospital nearby, this is a violation. And it keeps cropping up in all kinds of businesses. Especially places like offices and stores where accidents aren't thought of as often as around places that have power tools and heavy equipment. After moving through the lunchroom, I vent into another area that was apart from the rest of the activity. I do see what can be called trade secrets occasionally, but I can assure the employer that they will be treated most confidentially. As a matter of fact, the employee representative accompanying can be an employee who normally works in the trade secret area. Or I can question the employees in that area if no representative accompanies me there. I can also show the employer where the Act stipulates that I can lose my job for disclosing trade secrets. That's usually enough to .convince him, and me, that they'll remain secret. OK, here we are back in the office, what now? Now I'm ready to discuss with the manager the violations I have detected. And inform him of the nature of the violations or penalties that could be forthcoming from the Area Director's office. Who determines whether a violation results in a citation or a penalty? The Area Director. After he's had an opportunity to review my report, he notifies the employer by certified mail of any citations and penalties to be proposed. The employer must post these citations at or near the point where the violation was observed. And it must be left there until the violation is abated, or for three days at a minimum. D-T SAL 000020654 specific jot). But the fact remains, the employee has a responsibility to observe these safety measures, but it's the employer who gets the citation if these measures aren't observed. So it would be a good idea to institute some kind of a positive action program in your place of business to encourage full compliance with the Act on everyone's part. This may result in the establishment of rules and regulations to be observed as a condition of continued employment. And if unions are involved, it may have to be settled over a negotiation table. But remember, we are talking about the safety and health of everyone concerned. With stakes like that, it shouldn't be difficult to establish an effective enforcement program. But one thing is certain. When it comes to job related accidents and illnesses, everybody loses. And that's why OSHA has stepped in to assist a monumental nationwide program to reduce them as much as. possible. Hopefully even to eliminate them entirely. That should be your goal, too. Our advice is simply this, make sure you have up to date copies of OSKA posters, record keeping forms, and safety and health standards. Know which ones apply to you. And take every step at your disposal to detect and correct potential violations before the Safety Specialist arrives for his inspection. It will pay off in terms of receiving a clean slate from the inspection. But more important it will go a long way in creating that strong bond that exists in an establishment where employer and employee work together in assuring a safe, healthful and productive place to work. D-9 SAL 000020666 tv''i, cJiMe f'b BR-102 frn_ _$*fc6K OSHA. Exxon and You 3A - "Safety at Exxon11 - The Work Plac.p v t:,9 C r // 1 0 '\ *- ________ 3)fyY^ 12-9-74 ^Y jww/gjw 5CG^L Cfrf-^A-h 1 5 Ho * h/JjJ'-j* r-3^ .'f-.- .`Jruifo scZ\\L'- O cuT;Z-Zoa-% vJ* ; P * fm ;c.t ) s I x. < < i'lf.l CijaCt'jf Ccoji-J/ ; 3> * , C-T/V <-C <r ''"r) \J IO^ A- U Q I ^ ii; MCU Tim Local audit forms were developed which meshed OSHA standards with local safety and operational require ments. The aim was to blend OSHA in with the existir. safety and safe operations programs. Purchasing specifications were changed to reflect OSHA require ments. Engineering Standards were reviewed and modified as necessary. Safety handbooks were supplemented to reflect OSHA requirements. 1 ECU Tim In order to be sure that everybody who had to be, was kept informed, the safety directors met with their management people to tell them about the Occupational Safety and Health Act, and how it affected their installation. c. ECU Booklet In late 1971 each plant manager sent this booklet titled "The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970" to every one of his employees. The need for providing supervisors with additional information was recognized early in the game. However, with the cany changes that OSHA made in its early stages, it just wasn't practical to put a program together at that time. MCU Tim Now that OSHA is in full swing, however, and the OSHA organization has been fairly well established, Exxon thinks it's timely - certainly more timely than it vc have been earlier - to talk about those particular aspects of OSHA which <3o involve you, as Exxon supervisors. E-2 AL CCJC2C657 J *|^| j t11 C f' ' . BR-102 \r\i-L jTC> M OSHA, Exxon and You ^ 3A - "Safety at Exxon" - The Work Place j\ruo <^r /- ^-- . ;/ \ \ .0 U < , A (? ___of- _________ 12-9-74(?Y JWW/GJW Sc Cc. j V 1 tent* ;jf- .'i'rl'rio-ul'ps <c,C: 1 c ` C - CUT , Z-Zco*A ; vi ' Vj.fc r ' 5i;of-,->CL C-vJ *- < <T&Ci\C Cl_nflW < MCsj<- UXC* CCo'L-J/ ) ID ST < D \ C ''a > < 4 v- \J i o a e> At) O 1 ^ f U/l ) A ECU Chart # 1 EXXON logo Music (5 Seconds) i la O ECU A ECU C, ECU 4B ECU A ECU Slide // la "Presents" Music (3 Seconds) Module BR-102, OSHA, Exxon and You Music (5 Seconds) Segment No. 3 H * Safety at Exxon Pa/vt--a "uJort..'. ruAct '/iiuAf'oMJ Tim Music (10 Seconds) You may be wondering why this program that you're taking part in today wasn't presented earlier. It isn't because Exxon has ignored OSHA up to now quite the contrary. When the act took effect in April 1971, the Safety Advisors from most of the domestic manufacturing facilities met in Houston to form an OSHA Task force. This group reviewed the OS'Standards, selected those which were most significant to refining and chemical plant operations, and devel oped an audit form, so that a preliminary view of cur compliance with OSHA could be obtained. Chart # 5 v._i Each facility then conducted its own audit (points) and the results were reviewed by the OSHA Task Force (points). The Task Force then developed a priority order plan for correcting the deficiency tt were found.(points). Many of the manufacturing facilities set up their own OSHA Steering Committees to provide local interpretation of the OSHA Standards and to follow up (points) on the areas where their facilities were deficient. SAL 000020653 i I 7 L.A. __ ______ OSHA, Exxon and You J>i-M trl'Y" 3A - "Safety at Exxon" - The Work Place '\MX <-- \ i 1 1 - f1 A Y L ____Or ______ `j^yfk 12-9-74 JWU./GJW S<zt-<-}(- c fAc-M "7 fcr-H I .SUoT- * ll V -'vf Sr.tiJC \ c - CUT Z-Zo^'n ; F .' t; L--t C-UnT^ijf4 ; JACsJ-^ CV-^d-J/ ; DC < D i 'TVW c./. r/.'of ^ \i i D A o Au P ! ^ 14 ECU / A15 ECU C Chart # 15 C16 ECU Chart # 16 It's our responsibility to tell you these things. We feel that with this knowledge under your belt, voufll be much better able to do the kind of job in safety that will help the Company to avoid safety violations And, the avoidance of violations is a worthwhile goal for two very good reasons. First, and most important, of course, (points to char* is that violations could mean "safety oversights" that is, that the Company actually did overlook some point in the safety area. Since oversights of this kind could endanger the lives and the well-being of Exxon employees, they simply can not be tolerated. Second, A violation and (points to chart) "Corporate Citizenship" don't mix - that is, an OSHA violation ir any Company, especially one like Exxon that tries to do an overall fine job in the safety area, is not in keeping with the company's objective to be a good law abiding corporate citizen in all of its activities. E-U SAL 0000^0659 Mod ole fNk BR-1Q2 "*J I'TL- _____ OSHA. Exxon and You______________________ _______ ^ 3A - "Safety at Exxon" - The Wo.rk Place ^r--\ 1 P j - _____3_of- ________ ___12-9-74(?Y JWW/CJW 5C.Jf- Tf:-HfJlSh/t fo* 0 fVAfeftft _I _> (tcu < < I iHoi" VVV \l l D Jt'.-f-, 'o-ldfo delete. ` C - CUT , 2-Soc>^ , vJ ' Vj.fc F^Vaw CLxkTf-y/5 j fAA.*-. CUctfi-y/ ; <= piC'T/'-'tA 57/oW A U C? 1 ^ 10 MCU Tim What you have to keep in mind is that OSHA is just a part of the overall safety effort at Exxon's refiner and plants. Exxon has been active, for so many year.' in the area of employee safety, that you've already learned, in other ways and through other training programs, most of the safety practices that are talki about in this program. Here's the difference. 11 ECU Chart # 11 What we talk to you about and show you in this program relates directly to OSHA, and it relates in this way. The examples of improper work practices a violations that we use are either actual violate s in the same types of work situations that go on m Exxon lants, or they're jobs involving potential violations. 12 B ECU Tim The chances are that you already know how to work safely on every type of job that you're ever asked to do. After all, as Exxon supervisors, you have at your disposal some pretty well-developed safety standards, check lists, and other safety information '>3 *A MCU Jin. CAW 15 But, it's very unlikely that you could know - withou somebody telling you what they are - the specific kinds of violations that OSHA has been concentrating or the kinds that we believe they would concentrate if they actually showed up to make an inspection at of Exxon's refineries or plants. E-3 SAL 0C0C2C66G \rc BR-102 ""1"** Scrur-r - HTf-t jl. OSHA, Exxon and You______________________ __ 3a? - ^stFer//9T :?***. 3//t r.v J ' GJV $CL^U- I CAnCfift I ^ sr h*l it(tC* | j------------------------------------- M nj\^o t*n' Ctft/Ji A vj 1? : C t CUT ) < ; to c wt^e a 22 MCU Tim 23 ECU Chart # 23 t/24 ECU I F Chart // 24 vi25 A ECU Sketch if 25 v 26 ECU Sketch // 26 1/1 27 A ECU C . Sketch # 27 We believe it's fairly obvious what's meant when we talk about "the workplace." It's the facility or area in which the job gets done. It can be a building, a unit area, or a pipeband. It does not include the tools or equipment associated with the job. Here's the list of OSHA violations we're going to talk about for the "workplace category". (finger points to items, one by one, as named) Poor housekeeping ------- open-sided floors ------- stairway handrails ------- exit markings ------- fire extinguishers ------aisle markings ------- floor load limits ------- and storing flammables. Probably the most significant items on this list are the ones involving people slipping or falling down - the first three - poor housekeeping ------- open-sided floors, and stairway handrails. For years Exxon has been active in this area, because we know that poor housekeeping in the workplace can lead to accidents. Tilings like tools, bolts, pipe, scrap materials and othejunk and trash scattered throughout the workplace - like you see here - are a surefire way to cause someone to tr and fall, and hurt himself. Oil and water leaks from piping,and other equipment, are also good ways to cause somebody to fall and get seriously hurt. And, here's something we've all got to keep in. mind. You can't go around thinking that housekeeping is just for mechanical employees to take care of, or just for process employees to handle. It takes the effort of everyone to keep the workplace in sa condition. Keeping things cleaned up - as the job progresses - is a good habit to develop. Let's take a look at some of the things that can happen as a result of poor housekeeping. 0CCC2C661 \ITC rip. ^^r-iq2 "TiVi-t of OSHA, Exxon_and You 12-9-74 c7 JW. GJW '[Module. No - .. BR-102 SI I I Uih Bu3Aonn- tAAUIl cilJQ "Safety at lOQ Exxon" - The workplace SC&ijLI Ji 7 /Zr^ ^fyl'k 12-9-74 (?Y JWW/GJv: ro/s s>'ffjrJ<.|Jf$ r^|j.'. C* CUT* 2-i^.oO^ vJ - ; P' fAi * ___| _> ^^ tLaff-ji* j fACV*-IA<a.v^ cco^-t// ; IDS' * piCT/W^c ry^r) A L1 W I ~ ' >y MlO^o 1 r`T - AoQl^ ,f;;; -J c #33 ECU C Sketch 33 V 34 35 36 A ECU w Sketch i? 34 ifC ECU w Sketch 35 X ECU w ifSketch 36 ifw37 C ECU Sketch 37 \ -38 / \ 39 V 40 f\ ECU w Sketch // 38 C ECU w ifSketch 39 K ECU w ifSketch 40 c w #^41 ECU Sketch 41 A F42 ECU Sketch 42 c43 ECU C Sketch # 43 ..adder openings (Point to. it) shall be guarded by a standard handrail (Point to it) and toe board (Point to it) . The entrance to the ladder shall be protected eicher a swinging gate, as you see here (Point to it) -- - or offset like this (Point to it) so that a person can't walk directly into the opening. At Exxon, we've generally used chain across ladder openings like these, (Point to it) We believe that this offers equally good protection - in fact, we understand that the American National Standards Ir.sti tute plans to list chain as a suitable means of guarc ing in the next revision of the standards. Every hole in the flocr into which a person sculd accidentally walk - as you see this fellow about to c shall be protected -- ---by either a standard handrail (Point to it) or a cover (Point to it.) -Even temporary floor openings like this one - shall be protected (Pause 2 seconds) -- by either a standard handrail, or - as shown here bv someone in constant attendance next to the tempora floor opening. Open-sided floors, (Point to it), platforms (Point tc it), and runways (Point to it) which are fqur feet or more above the adjacent floor or ground (Point to --these shall be guarded by a standard railing (Trace --it). However, runways for special purposes --purposes such as tank car loading racks, or runways for oiling of power train equipment, where a handrail would make it difficult or impossible to do the job - E-T SAL 0CCJ02C663 BR-102 7 rfi-L ,, OSH& _ RvYon Ynn_;____________ S ^1 ^SfljpPt.v at. Fl-x-x-nn" - The Wnrkplapp \T[:c <r f A 6 i 6a o 17A <3- 12/9/71* Gy jww/gjw c J c CfV*/V^ TfUKN'.sJ'- v-J'N ** ' r-W.SJti'iO (ttu - <<Tf,Cf\6 C.U3S(-jfi I 3U0T V1- : \k V| I D c t. ~\-- ' c - CUT vJ - vj'.ft F - ; cXo.:<<-u/ ; CPS' * piC-T/.^ t/.. ^ ^^ AUO!^ 28 ECU Sketch tt 28 29 ECU Sketch 0 29 30 ECU Sketch #30 31 B IMCU C Tim 32 ECU Chart 32 Slippery surfaces can cause a person to fall - much harder and much quicker than most of us realize. The wrong kind of blow to your head, even though it results from a simple fall, can kill you. Tripping over material that you didn't expect to be in your path can lead to the same kind of trouble you get into when you slip and fall. You can hurt youraelf very seriously. Material projecting into your path above ground level can cause all kinds of injuries - punctures, broken ribs, eye damage, fractured skulls, you name it. We're not telling you about these examples because we think you don't already have a pretty good appreciation for the potential hazards of poor housekeeping. We're telling you because one thing you can he sure of is that poor housekeeping is something that even the newest compliance officer can, and probably will, notice. The next two types of violations relating to falling -- open-sided floors, and stairway handrails, are from a broader OSHA standard, called "Guarding Floor and Wall Openings and Holes." I thought it would be better to look at the whole standard, rather than just these two examples listed here (points to them) And, here are some of the points made by OSHA _in that overall standard. \ i?.. 6^1 0CCC2C664 / I 'Tl .____OSHA. Exxon and You ______ , S f- 6 M 3Aj- "Safety at Exxon'1 - The Workplace t - ^A 6f f- ,.a___ ^ 12/9/7UfiY jvw/gjw___________________ >C.C I.'Ccr\ i-c Aa 'X^c V l X v' rj'-s (fxj < M 1OAo tenii '. C c ciJT- vJ - vj'l'i ; F'wif (..; r.iaU-JP IAOJ-- I'Xc-v*' C'^o.U-'jf ; 0>C -- t>iC-f/ Lf~ f/^r 'j A U CM ^ : 51 ECU 52 ECU 53 A ECU 5U ECU 55 ECU 56 ECU Sketch # 51 Sketch 0 52 Sketch n 53 Sketch 5l Tim Chart # 56 Ana, just putting signs up in the right places, with the right color contrast is not enough. You've got to be sure that the signs are lighted, either internally (Point to it), or externally (Point to it).. Where an exit is hidden from view, exit signs with direction arrows, like these, should be used. In other words, if a person can't see the exit itself, he should at least be able to see a sign which tells him which direction the exit is. As you see here, doors to closets, or equipment rooms, or any other door which could be mistaken for an exit by a person not familiar with the building, should be labelled, either by saying what they are or what they're not. Finally, it's important to be sure that the route to an exit is kept clear at all times. The best-located, best-designed, best-lighted exit marking in the world, isn't worth a plugged nickel if the only path leading to that exit is blocked with a lot of materials. Our primary purpose in mentioning these standards for exit markings is to emphasize again that' these are the types of things OSHA compliance officers are looking for. Just as they are easy for an inspector to spot, so are they easy for supervisors to check. Let's talk about the fifth item on our list of violations - fire extinguishers --------- Three kinds of requirements apply here. E-9 SAL GOCC206A5 'BR-102 / I'TL.____OSHA. Ebncoq ftnfl Tny_______________( S CG M < 3A - "Safety at Exxon" - The Workplace \TTX fadt. _J____17a _____12/9/74_______ JWW/GJW "T?;^ H Nlv;'* n>'s .'t'. .'-Jo-hUo C - cut Z-;i *. m-\ - vJ vJ.fi ; F--7/.:, ( Cfu-C/\A ^ __ j _.\. /> t ,0 * V-------------- V M l Ot' ^ as\Z'-jfi 1 i'.fc.v cucv,r - v / ; 7 AliOl^ -= pi c-7/,u <-k >-/('07 ' --- 44 ECU U5 ECU 46 MCU 47 ECU 1\t 48 ECU 49 ECU 50 ECU Sketch ft 44 Sketch ft k5 Tim Tim Chart tt 48 Tim Sketch # 50 -- these do not need handrails on both sides, provide the runway is at least 18'1 wide (Point to it). For every flight of stairs having four or more risers (count them and point) a handrail must be provided. (Point to it) Whether or not you need handrails on one, or both side of a stairway depends upon how wide the stairway is, and where it's installed. This is one of the things you may need to check with your supervisor. Just as you can be sure that the OSHA compliance officer would take a close look at housekeeping violations, you can be equally sure that he would look for violations in the area of handrails and other devices intended to keep people from falling and hurting themselves. Let's take a look now at the fourth item on our list of violations - exit markings. What are some of the guidelines for them? Well, the general overall requirement is that they must be readily visible, and of a distinctive color, that is, of a color different from the background color. The requirement for visibility is only plain, common sense. It doesn't do any good to have exit markings if the guy who has to leave some day, in a hurry, can't see them. Also, it doesn't do any good to have exit markings all over the place if the contrast between the words and the-background is so slight that the words an not that easy to read. This is good (Point to it) and this is bad (Point to it). E-8 SAL 0CGC2C686 jA. {j \ <2 N:> - BR--102 " { | fl (z. _ OSHA, Exxon and You _______________ S C&, H 3A -1"Safety at Exxon" The Workplace V' < ,\ Sc/< i\dl ll^oA ,J-7a_. 3)^^ 12/9/7**____ JWW/GJW I if- *"'77 !', N'.-l J |:0'N v -t/vA j I 5 2,01- ("2-c.v.i t VV^ \f 1 O 6 ; r*.V-|l' .G tLn'r e ; ' C - cut vJ : Vj'.f't ; p^v/.fr v l/ffl"'*- cuo.:* ./ ; iAA' ) ; Au Q 1'^ 62 ECU Chart 0 62 63 ECU Chart 0 63 6h ECU Chart 0 6h f65 B 1 ECU f C 1 Tim 66 ECU Chart 0 66 67 ECU Tim With what we've already said to you about these first five items on this list of violations, we think we've got across the point about the kinds of problems which can come up in the workplace category. These last three items - aisle markings, floor load limits and storing flammables - are not as important to the average supervisor as the first five are, but at least we'd like to comment briefly on them. First, (points to item) about the marking of permanent aisles. This standard applies where materials - handling equipment, like a fork-lift truck,is used. The idea behind this standard is that in a warehouse, or other storage area, people who operate materials handling equipment shouldn't have to guess where the aisle ends and the storage space begins. OSHA's standard about floor load limits having to be posted is aimed primarily at warehouse operations, but it applies in any case where there is a chance of overloading a floor, or deck, or platform. The common sense behind the standard is that people who use heavy equipment on floors and platforms should have some reliable way to tell what the load limits are for those floors and platforms. E-ll SAL CCQC2C667 BR-102 / I "7 L 6 OSHA. Exxon and Yon. 3A - "Safety at Exxon11 The Work-place Sc/< l? ] . P/\d-L Drs^^-___ 12-9=74, (>Y .JWH/GJW-. scC:. C. :J. N'WJ' rb's ofiJ I ' C - CUT ' vJ VJ'T'i. ; P-- \/.rf C.\ ;: c r\<--.c/;ft __!_y(Ccu - <- <tK- i-vC CL-ofir-j^ ^ I 5rU"-'J U.^-.vk C'-<v. (-u / ; :J> S - D i f 0 '> u. vy^r'1 v47v \l > 6 AUOI ^ 57 ECU Chart H 57 58 ECU Tim 59 A ECU ii C i Chart # 59 60 ECU Chart # 60 6l ECU Tim First, about inspections - OSHA requires a monthly inspection, as a minimum, to see that fire extinguishers are in their designated places. This monthly inspection should also check to be sure the extinguishers have not been used, and that they have no physical damage. In addition to the monthly check, OSHA requires a thorough, examination of extinguishers at least annually. At the time of the annual inspection, a durable tag must be attached, showing the date of servicing, and the name, or initials, of the individual handling the inspection. The second requirement has to do with the location and mounting of fire extinguishers - They should not be left on the ground. Rather, they should be mounted on brackets, or kept in cabinets or on a shelf. Finally, OSHA has a requirement about accessibility, and the requirement is that a fire extinguisher shoul be accessible and conspicuous. In otfrer words, the extinguisher should be not only easy to find, but als easy to get down and use. While the average supervisor may not be directlyinvolved in deciding where and how fire extinguishers are located, mounted and inspected, he definitely gets involved if he allows one of his jobs to temporarily block access to a fire extinguisher installation, so this is something he has to be careful about. E-10 SAL OC0C2O663 AW f'o. Mo 11 I'll. __ ___ S iBR-102 6 M ^ WA 3A; -- "Safety at Exxon" The Workp__l_a_ce \jT,x ; fihd-L . .13__ ^ .JJfi, 3)rA b 12/9/lb ...... flv/" JVW/GJV O'l.'f- 1-,C 1J pj'\ of',; .^sjiJTo Sc'CtJC. C * CUT 1- ;7.o:ii * vJ - WWW ; }- - va;` / ( ` ,INn(( ,,__I ,,_\. (f.C-vt < .5 11 v1 1 i -- -------------- -- 'Z \l \J> o CLsxCt'jfi .. w i ,, ... -- -- - - AU O 1 ^ C >'// n f' 'l --................... ------------ ---------------------------------- 1 tu ECU Sketch # 7U 75 A ECU W Sketch if 75 76 ECU W Sketch if 76 77 A ,ECU W Sketch # 77 78 ECU W Sketch 78 79 ECU Tim The standard requires trenches or excavations 5 feet deep or more (Point to it) to be either shored as shown here (Point to it) - or sloped as shown here (Point to it) - unless they're cut into solid rock or shale. The recommended angle for sloping varies with the soil conditions, and these slope angles are covered by a table in OSHA's construction standard. The greatest slope - a 2 to 1 slope (Trace it) - is required for trenches or excavations in loose sand, as shown here, with the slope coming back 10 feet for 5* deep trench. Average soil trenching requires a slope of only 1 to 1. (Trace it) or 5 feet back for a 51 trench as you see here. Other materials, depending upon their hardness and compactness, fall somewhere in between the loose sand and solid rock trenching requirements. Trenches in solid rock do not require any sloping. (Pause 2 seconds) Sometimes you're going to run into some unusual soil conditions, such as working next to a previously back-filled area, finding a lot of ground water, or excavations next to an existing foundation, etc. Those jobs will call for additional precautions. The best bet in cases like this, and in the design of any shoring systems for other than routine jobs, is to get engineering assistance. ^-1 ? SAL GC0C20669 [V|0cj {j\^. Ho BR-102 JT6-M t/'V'f 3A - "Safety at Exxon" - The Workplace \1^ ScC i j - fo-C, |_^ q_,j ^ i IV i NJIO^O A68 ECU Chart # 68 69 B ECU Tim 70 B MCU Z Tim 71 ECU Chart # 71 72 B ECU Tim 73 ECU Chart # 73 /Zof- 12-9-74 flY JWW/G. ;.r<J&' C - cuT Z-Zooh j vJ - VJ'.P ; F fAifc tLaffu/ CX<U-d/ ; 3>ST c frtC-f/VOl s'/'/of) Au O l ^ --j And finally we come to the last category, which has i with the improper storage of flammables. These stan dards apply to industrial plants which store flamnab] materials as an incidental part of their operations. It would be very easy for an OSHA compliance officer spot a can of gasoline, or some other solvent or cleaning fluid in the wrong kind of container and stored in an unsafe way. It's just as easy for you t correct these deficiencies if you stay alert as you make your rounds during the day. If you follow the safety rules already in effect at your plants for storage of flammable materials, you'll help to avoid violations in this area. There are special standards which apply to refineries and chemical plants which produce flammable materials things like tank spacing, fire wall capacity, and venting requirements. However, these are standards in which the average supervisor doesn't get involved, so we won't talk about them here. That completes the discussion of the list of eight kinds of frequently-occurring violations - those you see listed here. They all-*apply to the "workplace" category. We'd like now to mention a couple of other standards which are not on the list of frequent violations, but which are important enough to you, to justify our tal ing about them, and they, too, fit into the "workplac category. The first standard has to do with excavations and trenching. This applies primarily to the constr- ie industry, but it's been getting a lot of attention from OSHA lately. And, this is because of the number of serious accidents which have occurred as a result violations of the standard. SAL GCC02C67G t ` N ` . BR-102 SE&hAtrJtf J 1U'\ <_x t i<_i 1 wu 3A - "Safety at Exxon" - The Workpl ace VlX 3ccij. CfV*/^ i ^Hof* . h^ij^Siof /& 1224 iminjK fa*'- i>'r<.J>iJTo r^etJ'. C* cuf jZ-zoo^ - uJ - fAf#-. (o*. fe.c.vJ ^ **.-rfi-v c^oXi-jfi j mod- f^owM. cmtfc-tf/ ; 3>s~ ^ Dii:^^ 5~//of ) \M D o Au D C87 ECU 88 .ft ECU Sketch ft 87 Sketch ft 88 c89 ECU Sketch ft 89 w90 ECU Sketch # 90 c91 ECU w Sketch // 91 92 ECU 93 0 ECU Sketch ft 92 Chart ft 93 94 ft ECU Sketch ft 94 95 ECU Tim The materials used in construction of the scaffold (Trace) must be sound (Point to words). The work platform shall be solidly decked (Trace it) without gaps or unevenness which could cause the work-, to trip, or allow materials to fall through. The decking boards should extend over the supports from 6 inches to 18 inches (Trace it.) The uprights should be plumb (trace them) and securel* braced (Trace braces) to prevent swaying or displacers For scaffolds having work platforms over ten feet high, guardrails (Trace it) and toe boards (trace it) are required. The guardrail can be made of 21 x 41 lumber (Pause,) or of a piece of tube and coupler scaffold. The toe boards are specified as 4' minimum height - however, Exxon has been using 41 nominal size, lumber. An example of how OSHA is still changing, is that the' have under consideration changing the minimum height to a range of 2" to 6". Another aspect of scaffold construction is that a ladder (Point to it) or similar safe access must be provided. Remember, if you use an ordinary straight ladder, you must be sure to secure it at the top. Horse scaffolds are another fairly common type. However, they are limited by OSHA to heights of 10 feet. How far apart you place the horses depends ... E-15 AL 000C2C611 Q. Ho * BR-102 i l UJ^. S -&- W*ll 3A - "Safety at Exxon" - The Workplace \]'TX ^ Ph{j-L o /12-9-74 (?Y JWW/GJW Scc.jcAL `TfeiHMUyt fO*. I *| -> ^ * V v I \j l O CLoffu^ ; C* CUT- Vl-Pf ; P r fAf * (v_ 2 15,-3 17 - fAfOiv^ CXv-V/ ; 3> = Dif'T/.-JU. s^/of) 1 AiJ O 1 ^ 80 f\ ECU Sketch # 80 81 ECU Sketch # 81 82 MCU Tim 83 ^ ECU Chart # 83 84 ECU Tim 085 ECU W Sketch // h86 ECU w Sketch if 84 For trenching or excavating, the standard also requir that no material be placed closer than 2 feet from the edge, and this includes the material being remove from the trench or excavation (Trace the path)! Also, when a trench is four feet or more deep (Point it), a ladder ( Tjrace it ) must be provided within 25 feet of where the employee is working. We're making no attempt in this program to convert al of you into excavation and trenching experts. We simply want to impress upon you that it's an activity which both OSHA and Exxon are very much interested ir. handling safely. So, whenever you have a problem ^n this area, talk with your supervisor if you're no. sure of how to handle it. Another important item we want to talk about is scaffolding. It's not on the list of frequent violat ions either, but it's definitely a part of the workplace category, and it's important enough to deserve your attention. The basis for the scaffolding standard is simply that it's important to provide an employee with a good surface to work from. In the event the work can't be safely reached from the ground, or some other soli surface, then a sturdy ladder or good scaffold shoulc be provided. Now, what makes up a good scaffold? Well, it needs to start with a good footing (Point tc it) - one which can carry the load without settling. Unstable objects, such as loose brick (point to then) or concrete blocks (Point to them) should not be usee E-14 SAL GC 0 C2 C 672 [Mod ''W. No BR-102 S&(>h 3A - "Safety at Exxon" - The Workplace viiX >c<j- ' CfVAtflft l jSKof- i v J - h^JA^JA. ixtfL _Z^ (?Y jww/gjv: uC'fiV.xd'w r<u<4L'. C - c<JT 'A-z.to*^ v) Vi,? C ; P ' fM t (.<,.*. * \zi ^ u {ecu ^ ^CLcxT^/1 ; ML\j~ cloj^-.// ; f//0f) Ni lQ6o AU O I ^ c97 ECU Sketch # 97 >1 98 A ECU W Sketch # 98 99 B ECU z Tim *1 100 ECU Chart 100 101 ECU Chart # 101 102 MCU Tim For medium duty - that is, loads which do not exceed 50 #/sq.ft., the horses should not be farther apart than 5 feet. For light duty - that is, loads not exceeding 25 -::/s horses may be spaced not more than 8 feet apart. As in the case when you build any scaffold, you've gto inspect the material as the horse scaffold gets ptogether to be sure it is OK. OSHA standards cover many other types of scaffolds. So, if you need to construct some unusual kind of scaffold, you should ; the additional information you need through your supervisor. This ''workplace" category concentrates on condit is which can cause people to fall or slip down. To put it another way, Exxon doesn't want employees getting themselves banged up from slips, trips and falls which chould have been prevented by good house keeping, by the use of proper safety equipment, and sensible precautions. This has been Exxon's attitud toward safety for many years. So much for violations and potential violations in the "workplace" category, the first of four categori in this segment about "Safety at Exxon." By learning and following the safety standards in your plant and by insisting that your employees do t. same, you can go a long way toward making your "work place" a safe one in which to work. (Pause). It's time now for Exercise No. 3 in your workbook. E-16 SAL 000C2C674 od uW No BR-102 i * t t-C. --UfrilA, axxon ann .yqh_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Mo. iB - "Electrical _ V1 i/\ A - fAl-f- g of 21 JJW ig/6/Ti. ___ fiy gjw SC.C-r.'f- iv's C - CUT \ Z-^oji-\ ' vJ Vj'.f't ; F^U.m , ! . ^1#'^f'l\ 1v.:-fTticTuT<^ T<-t-----/-w----- <iuirr'jc iac'j^ I --' cuo.^-u/ ; * pic-TVwt*. y/t^f's :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------^ \l l O o AiJ O l-o 9 i-.---'-' A ECU Chart #5 ECU Sidney 4CU Sidney A ECU C Chart #8 9 UTter jover ECU W Chart #9 They can be grouped Into these four categories -- electrical requirements for hazardous areas -- grounding of electrical equipment -- flexible cords and cables -- and some general items. . .We're not going to get involved with all the electrical requirements that would normally be handled by an electrical engineer, or by an electrical specialist, we'll cover just those things that a typical non-electrical supervisor might contact in his work, or might need to know for a better understanding of electrical equipment. t You're not going to end up as an electrical expert as a result of hearing this discussion, but you will have a better understanding of the problems, and the part you need to play in solving them. Let's look at the first item - electrical requirements for hazardous areas. The purpose of this section of NEC is to serve as a guide in the selection and installation of the electrical equipment for areas which, from a fire or explosion standpoint, have hazardous atmospheres. .Here's what has to be considered when classifying an area. First, the type of combustible that makes the atmosphere hazardous - that is, are there flammable gases or vapors around4? Are there any combustible dusts, like the dust from coal or coke, or even from grains like wheat and oats -- or metal dusts, such as aluminum and magnesium? Finally, are there any ' combustible fiber particles, such as those found in textile mills? SAL 000020675 i-A; vj1 V ] ['Jo BR-102 J> 6M M'1 OSHA, Exxon and You No. 3B - ''Safety at: Exxon'* (''Electrical"; v ' V X . 1 ' JL. .0 (- ,.__21. _ 12(6/7h _ _ XtiC i 11- 0 !\i c ( ^ / v' fiJ .' i! Ji.rj x . ' *.T-1 ,T<. <j -- C. * CU . jlv v) k, '.o - j flco * f VTAt;-* CL4X''.^' t iA* - I ___________________________ CUCJ/-V/ ; DS - \j 1 O f- X- A1J C> ! ^ l> . . JW/GJW vi ) ._ A ECU Chart 0 1 Now that you've finished the workbook exercise on "safety in the workplace", let's talk about another area of safety at Exxon that affects every supervisor. It has to do with violations of the National Electrica Code. ECU Chart 0 2 You see, the entire National Electrical Code, or NEC as it's .sometimes called, was made a part of the OSHA safety and health standards. OSHA took this approach because NEC, for years, has been considered a good basis for designing and installing electrical faciliti* ECU C Sidney The National Electrical Code was first published in 1897, and, of course, has been revised and updated many times since then. Naturally, any installations which were built in accordance with earlier editions of NEC, won't meet all of the present requirements. OSHA recog nized this problem, so it made compliance with the entire 1971 code mandatory only for new electrical installations and significant modifications and repairs made after March 15, 1972. MCU Sidney There are some electrical requirements of NEC, however, that are so important that OSHA made them retroactive. They apply to all electrical facilities, regardless of when they were installed. These retroactive requirements are the ones that we need to talk about. F-l SAL Z0G2n676 M 0 J I' 1 c f'b BR-102 ! / fz. S A6 M Oz-l'T OSHA, Exxon and You No. 3B - "Safety at Exxon1* ("Electrical'1') - @t\(U- __h vf- _Zl *3>fS<k 12-6-74 (?Y Jww/gjv .ScjC- "T/I- H 4 fcCiiC. c CUT f Z---Loo^ vJ ' ';J\f J CfV^t/fa I V (tcu = < V^ivC tLal'ii/* _5Hof--' fMO'-jt* C-L-CU *-V/* ; 3? S' ' \l I O Ail C> J P ' \ .' - .. f. 11 ECU Chart # 11 A third factor which must be considered is what specifically the hazardous material - butadiene? hydrogen? ethylene? benzene? propane? gasoline? or what? 11a ECU Chart 11-a Based upon extensive testing, most of the flammablgases and vapora you would encounter have been placed in Groups ranging from extremely flammable ones, in Group A, to less flammable ones, in Group D. (Pause. The groupings for combustible dusts run from Group E through G. There are no Group designations for combustible fibers, or "flyings'1, as they're sometimes called. 12a ECU Chart 12-a As an example of a Class One gas or vapor classifi cation, hydrogen and Butadiene are in the Group B classification, while benzene, butane, and gasoline, just to cite a few, are in Group D. F-U SAL 000020677 0 J 0 | O \\\o m SR-lQg I-/.JT6 M uaauu <xiiU. 1UU No. 3B - "Electrical" yl 'TX Sc/< \ p '[ . f5 A i __ o _21_ fc. 12-6-T^ fiv JWW/GJW ;>uC. ijf- Cf\<^_ | jStlol V N/ ro-N ji'. J-iL^-uho fc-ftaC*. C * cut J-~/..o >>n v-3 - vLfr' <- ; P^\Ai, {: CQc.0 cusil-jf l fAC\><- piC-f/.r.o_ y/:,,r '. \Ji D o T AuQlt 9a A ECU W Chart 9a The National Electrical Code uses the term Class One to designate atmospheres with flammable gases cr vapors (Pause) 9b ECU W Chart 9b Atmospheres with combustible dusts are termed Class Two (Pause) 9c ECU W Chart 9c Atmospheres with combustible fiber particles or flyings as they are sometimes called are termed Class Three atmospheres (Pause) 10 ECU Chart #10 10a ECU W Sketch #10 a The second factor to be considered is the likelihood of flammable material being present in the right concentrations to burn. In some cases, it's a normal part of the operation, as in spray painting. In other cases, a flammable atmosphere may recur periodically, like when you open some piece of equipment on a process unit for servicing and this releases vapors in the area. These are conditions which are normally hazardous and NEC would classify the area as Division One (Pause) 10b A ECU Sketch #10b In other cases, where the areas would not be normally hazardous, NEC would classify it as Division Two. This would be a situation where a flammable mixture may be present only rarely, when there is an equipment failure, such as a mechanical seal failure on a pump, or a blown pipe gasket, or a line failure. F-3 SAL 00002067 B \i\^\ t/|o f\lo BR-102 lt i 56M *'M'f No, 3B - "Electrical" \] "T/x. \ r | * f A (?6 P _21_ ll-g^-7U fl' -_<ZW/GflL >Cf-<KCo^ I tf7jxHU'7.M- l:`j'\ >i'1 I^ 5,|0<- -' \l lO^-o Sc-ttlL'- C c CUT , 2--;ie ? rAa(`jf ' lAf6:vt-- C-Uo.r/.y/ T ' AU Q 1 ^ j vJ - VJ t j P- '>':/ (. J> S' * X) I C'T/.^ <->w sV'V,'" '} ' IT ECU Sidney 18 ECU Chart #18 19 B MCU C Sidney 20 A ECU Chart #20 FC 21 A ECU W Slide #21 When an area is located far enough away from a source of hydrocarbon so that any gases or vapors would be well below their lower explosive limit - that is, too "lean11 to explode, if they should reach the area, then that area is termed '"unclassified", or "general purpose". For example, control houses, electrical substations, mechanical shops, office buildings, and the like, are normally located in areas which are unclassified or general purpose. These areas do not require the special electrical equipment of a hazardous area. Now, what you don't want to do is to take a piec of equipment or a tool that was bought for use in an unclassified area, and use it on a process unit. without first checking to see that it's safe from an electrical standpoint. Portable fans, refrigerators, water coolers, hot plates, ovens, electric drills, saws and portable lights -- all of these are examples of electrical equipment which, if used improperly, could cause a problem with OSHA, but - what's even more important they could cause a fire or an explosion. Some other items which need to be carefully checked are battery-powered instruments, communications equipment,' and battery powered tools like you see here. If these pieces of equipment are 0K--for hazardous areas, ------- F-6 S-AL 000020679 ui 0 J t' W fNk * ,BR-102 I ' i 1-1--_____ JT Ci M C^-T no, 3B - "Electrical" Vl'TX ! - /Wfc .J____ll-25-lb_____________________________________________(?Y JWW/GJW _ ot-f.i.'f- "7 H f -'-s; ->*'m U>|; :3 CjV cCa __ 1 v (V-Cv-f ^ I 5 Hot CLnff-j/* V/ \i ! O <- o C - cuT ^ 2--;io c - vJ : .0-f C ; prv/i, ; 3? = t> J C'T/'J <-*- AuOl^ ; 12b ECU W Chart 12-b The different properties of the materials, such as flash point, ignition temperature and explosive force are some of the reasons for having the different groups. 12c A ECU W Sketch #12-c For instance, hydrogen generates more explosive force than say propane. Therefore, an explosion-proo housing for. hydrogen service needs to he stronger than one in propane service. 13 MCU Sidney These are the factors that are considered by the engineering department when they establish the electrical classifications for the various parts of a plant or a manufacturing unit. lU B ECU Sidney A field supervisor usually von^t have to determine the electrical1 classification to an area. However, he should at least be aware that different classifications exist, and that the classifications affect the type of electrical equipment which can be safely used. 15 MCU Sidney Normally, process units or laboratories in a refinery or chemical plant will have atmospheres whic do have hydrocarbon vapors, or which may have hydrocarbon vapors in the event of an equipment failure. So, in these areas, special electrical equipment is required.-- 16 A ECU Chart #l6 ------- like explosion-proof housings, to house switches motor starters - and circuit breakers which would produce an arc when activated -- or like three pb -e motors which will not produce an arc, unless ther*. s an insulation failure. F-5 SAL 00GG206A0 .5cn 5 -- </ BR-102 / I L _OSHA, Exxon and You ______________________ _________ StCylA No. 3B - "Safety at Exxon!1 C,'lectrical,,1 f1 A 7 or T 21 70fY" ^ 12-6-74___(?Y JW/GJW_. . i! r-i jTr./h i C. Lni" f'l C 1 v*C -' t - I fiC'-ji'. C-<-V if - if AlJ O ; '*J - VJ'.r t j p - v> < J> * T> I c -7>'o_ iA'. 22 FC ECU Slide # 22 --then they'll have a label, identifying the equipmen as "intrinsically safe" for a specific type of atmosphere. The left item and the one in the middle in this picture have such labels. Even though the radio on the right appears to be identical to the one on the left, it does not have a label, so it would not be safe to use. The label will be from a nationally recognized testing laboratory -- 22a ECU Chart # 22a -- such as the familiar UL of Underwriter's Laborator Inc., (Pause) -- 22b ECU Chart it 22b -or - Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation, whose emblem is a diamond around the letters F.M., as you see here at the bottom -- 22c A ECU W Chart it 22c -- or, the Bureau of Mines label, which includes the seal shown in the center of the facsimile of a label. F-7 t SAL CCGC2C682 |^1 od U 1 C, No BH-102 I ; ua___rjl'J No. 3B - "Electrical"_______________ _________ Vl'T/x S .. ^A(j 10 o .21 _________________________tfvf JW/GJW . Ncr.i.'f- I V V' ~/?^ U f-M;j ' rv*. -*f'. .'-tO-nU* Sc.Ct i(-'. c ' cut; Z -;{ c M-; ' vJ * Vj'-f-' t ; P .< \V; , ( I _v {'Ccv.l < < Ci-aZC-jfi I* {f.U-.v**. C.'^.u .-jf ; -- pj C-T/.i-J t/. y/7,,.-'. M iO^ T AiJ O 1 ^ 30 FC ECU Slide ^30 31 MCU Sidney 32 A ECU Sketch #32 }l ii 33 ECU W Sketch #33 3U ECU Sidney 35 FC ECU Slide #35 After the wires are pulled into place, the fitti is filled through the plug shown here with a sealing compound which hardens and is strong enough to eontai an explosion within the housing. Many people think an explosion-proof housing is tight enough to keep vapors out, "but that's not so. Actually, the enclosure breathes as it heats up and cools down from changes in atmospheric conditions If the air/gas mixture inside the housing is in the explosive range, there can be an explosion within the enclosure. However, the burning gases are cooled as they pass between the machined surfaces of the enclosure and its cover, so they are not hot enough to ignite the outside atmosphere. An enclosure with a threaded cover works in the same way - burning gases are cooled as they follow tiv path of the threads to the outside. (Pause) Now, you can see why it's so important to have all the bolts in place and tightened, and to hav< a threaded cover screwed oft".all the way, and also to have a properly sealed fitting. Exposed light bulbs can also be a problem in hazardous areas. They can be a source of ignition if a bulb is broken while it's on. A vapor globe and a metal guard, like these, are needed to protect the bulb from mechanical damage. You should be sure that these protective devices are always in place. F-10 SAL 0C0C20683 BE-102 jl'7|_. oblirt., mon ana lou SC\h\t'^^ No. 3B - "Electrical" C>cy<i P"\ - fhdi 9 oC.f. (CCrv-tfai S1' V- V - k <-o's ..y(CcvI-= i-crcc iA- ^ \* i D 6 o _21_ 11/25/TU(?Y .JWW/GJV________________ ' C ^ c.uT 2. = 7-o ' vJ r VJT <.' j Pv/l , i,..: C T. ,- j JACV-- U76-W. C.`-o.'/-u/ ; CD < t> i c-?/./J o_ ) A VJ O I ^ 2b ECU Sketch #2k Welding receptacles and 120-volt convenience outlets can also he a problem. On a typical process unit, or in a plant where there can be flammable vapors, you don't want a receptacle which will allow someone to pull the plug out while the electrical equipment is energized. This will cause an arc, which could ignite a flammable atmosphere. 25 ECU Sketch #25 i* Some receptacles have a lever--type switch which must be moved to the "off" position as in the upper left example, before the plug can be inserted or removed. This arrangement prevents an accidental arc. As shown in the lower right example, turning e lever clockwise locks the plug in place and turns the power on. 26 FC ECU Slide #26 Another type of receptacle like the one shown here requires the plug to be inserted and then turned before contact is made. This holds the plug in place again to prevent an accidental electrical arc. 27 FC ECU Slide #27 27a FC ECU 28 MCU Slide #27a Sidney Another thing to be alert for is an explosionproof housing which has bolts missing from the cover, like the three you see missing here, -- or has a housing with a threaded cover that's not screwed up tight, like the bottom cover you see here. Situations like this can make an explosion-proof housing totally ineffective. A missing bolt or two might not seem important, but it could make the difference between setting off an explosion or not 29 FC ECU C Slide #29 The conduit coming to an explosion-proof enclosure must contain a fitting like the one shown F-9 here to seal off the enclosure from the conduit, and from the atmosphere. SAL 0CQ02C684 W!\ t ['b .BR-102 f I 7'l l GSHA, Exxon and You S(-No. 3B - "Electrical" -, . 'v '1 , < ^. ;' f , rA7 f. 12 -of _ 21___ j)rs-7':- 11/23/74 fly JWW ,,,GJW '' V'1 ( ,, I A h-j v >J!-- H 'N I _v (<-v j -= <" v/ \j i o a "rLMilfo ' C - cur Y.-/--v3- 7JT4 T - .; 4. } :.'J -- i.no-.ji-v Jf ; DC < y/. < ) Au O 1 42 ECU Chart #42 The next item on the list involves electrical grounding, In very simple terms, electrical grounding Is a planned electrical path for a current to flow through to the ground in case of an insulation failure 43 ECU W Sketch it 43 -- rather than having some person provide that path to the ground, on an unplanned basis. Like this poor fellow here has done. 44 A ECU w Sketch it44 You know, you don't have to have high voltage to kill someone. Ordinary household voltage, only 120 volts, can do the job, under the right conditions, such as inside a tower, a drum, a furnace or in a damp location. 45 MCU Sidney Let's talk about some of the electrical equipment that you see and use almost every day that doas require grounding. Some of the things are pretty obvious -- 46 ECU Chart it46 -- such as electric drills, electric saws, pipe threading machines, motors, electrical switch racks, machine tools - just to mention a few. 47 48 ECU ECU Sidney Of course, some of the portable tools in use today are "double insulated". This means that in addition to the normal insulation on the wiring, the rotor is insulated .from the drive shaft in order to protect the user. Sketch it 48 F-12 The_label on the tool, like the label on this drill, will indicate whether or not it i^s double insulated. If it is* then grounding is not required, and the conventional 2-prong, ungrounded receptacle is satisfactory, SAL ccQ020635 bid fvb . BR-102 i 17 ___ OSHA. Exxon and You___________ ...... No. 3B - "Electrical" }\d-L U of 21 1>P^ 11/25/7*+ f?Y JWW/GJV "7/^h1 r<'/'\/ , ] _.x CGc.u -= * <-rCi'.^e MW,Jo' l- I \k P; d s^tiC C '' cur - X-y-c on * vJ - i/jdl ; F - i i/ t'}-- io-_<v/-,-/ 3) S' * 0 I O-f/.'J CA V' Au O 1^ MCU Sidney In an unclassified area the vapor globe is not required, but mechanical protection _is_. (Pause) Let's see nov if we can condense what we've talked about so far concerning electrical equipment for hazardous areas. What you need to think about is this. ECU Chart #37 Will this electrical equipment that you're concerned about - things like electrical switches, eve small ones like those controlling refrigerator lights, the brushes of a small motor, thermostats, electrical contracts, etc. - - ECU Chart #38 ------ will any of these cause an arc hot enough to ignite a flammable atmosphere? Keep in mind that voltages even as low as nine volts can be a problem. ECU W Chart #39 Are the surface temperatures of resistance heating elements, lights, or electronic tubes high enough to ignite a flammable atmosphere? MCU Sidney If the answer to either of these questions is "yes", then the electrical equipment should be used only in an "unclassified" area, or it should be contained in an explosion-proof housing, or the housing should be purged with a clean inert gas, or it should be used only'.in accordance with hot work permit rules. ECU Sidney F-ll We believe you can see now why this section of tl National Electric Code, dealing with hazardous areas, was made retroactive by OSHA. Using electricity properly is important enough, and using it improperly is dangerous enough, so that these electrical require ments de serve -v-e--r-y----c--a--r-e--f-u--l---a--t-t-e--n--t-i-o--n- ,SAfLromOCbn0-C*-12- C16-- ^. and OSHA vA ! ' 'iOd ^ r] i lo BR-102 i ;L _______ OSHA, Exxon and You No. 3B - "Electrical" '\TfX - fV^ ..Si... SDn1'^ 11/25/74 fty JWW Gjw icCLfje>Ho f-'- *;' Mi'':'-' Icf i '! ' C - C'JV , Z Zootn : ',`J f <r ; F f ; /r ' V (f-C'J ' i itLrvCtor' 1 f*OJ- CLoit j <* ' j} -- D i >> -r ) M lD 6 ^ T A U C? ' 54 FC ECU C Slide # 54 A tester, like this Daniel Woodhead 1750 Ground Tester, is a good device to use -- it provides a quit safe way to check a receptacle -- 54a FC ECU c Slide # 54a 55 B ECU c Sidney 56 A ECU c Chart #56 57 B ECU C Sidney 57a ECU C Char t #5 7 -a 57b ECU w Chart #57-b 57c ECU w Chart #57-c 57d A ECU w Chart #57-d 57e A ECU w Chart #57-e --When the yellow and white indicator lights are botl on, as you see here. If you do^ find an improperly grounded receptacle, then more extensive checking should be done to determine the extent of the problem. Let's move to "flexible cords and cables", the next item on the list of National Electrical Code requirements which were made retroactive by OSHA. Remember what we talk about from here on are general items for any area - hazardous or unclassified. Some of the things we talk about should not be used in a hazardous area. In other words, the rules for hazardous areas override the more general rules. We don't believe we could sum up the permitted use of flexible cords any better than it's spelled out in the National Electrical Code. says. Here's what it Flexible cord may be used only for -- one, pendants - that is, hanging type lights, fixtures or con tro Is. Two, wiring of fixtures ------- (Pause) Three, connection of portable lamps or appliance; {Pause) Four, elevator cables -- (Pause) Five, wiring of cranes and hoists -- (Pause) F-lk SAi CCcJC206h7 BR-102 l _____ S c*m ^ OSHA, Exxon and You No. 3B - "Electrical" V' Y r\ Sce-tif- i i sr -/ t A (? i ,J3___& A 21 11/25/74 JWW iV GJV ft -9- (tc.U ' NJ I O O o S.fi>C`. C' Cc/f- Z-z?-m- 0- .`J,Tc 1' i r 1 C-LciT^'-'^ 1 l-'OJ- CL> 5s -- 0:^.-'c/- r."\ A'J C> 49 ECU c Chart #49 -- are water fountains, wanning ovens, welding rod heating boxes, office and material trailers, portable buildings, steel structures, and all transformers. 50 MCU Sidney 51 ECU Sidney Then you have the usual office machines, such as electric typewriters, calculators, adding machines, and the like. These should all be grounded wherever the operator - at the same time that he or she is touching the piece of equipment in question -- could also touch something else that grounded, like a water pipe, a steam heater, a grounded metal wall panel, or even another piece of electrical equipment which is grounded. Carpeted floors and vinyl or asphalt tile floors are not normally considered a path to ground. On the other hand, bare concrete floors would be considered a possible ground source. 52 A ECU Sketch # 52 In some areas, such as coffee rooms, bathrooms, equipment rooms, and the like, all of the convenience receptacles should he of the grounded type because cf the high probability of a person being a part of the electrical path to ground in the event of a defect in the wiring system or in the appliance. 53 ECU W Sketch #53 And remember - The fact that you have a threeprong receptacle doesn't necessarily mean that you nave a good ground. As a part of your routine safety inspections you should spot check the grounded receptacles to see if you still actually have aggodd ground circuit. F-13 CC00206R3 .K/, ..,1 . B_R-102 / JfL/S. OSHA, Exxon and You No. 3b - "Electrical" \; TX >ce CX-Xn i- V v!- v j ^ /' ( l6_ e? , 21 _ 7\)h'"^ ^ 11/25/74 {jY JWW GJW ~1'r j __v (i-C J v \i i v? t Y-MY I.' r ii ' C CUT - 7, c > -i vJ - Vj-f C j P r \V :; ; r<.; I ( IA-UJ-- '< C ,. CL.OJ/.,/ J> S' * C*. SI.'. A u \X ; ^ 59 FC ECU 60 FC ECU 61 MCU 62 ECU 63 ECU 64 ECU 65 ECU Slide #59 Slide #60 Sidney Sketch if62 Sidney Chart 64 Sidney Another requirement concerning flexible power cords is that they contain no splices, unless the splices are made, and the insulation is molded or vulcanized, in .such a way that the splice develops the full strength of the cord. This shows a factory-made splice for a light socket. This requirement rules out the use of on-the-spot field-made splices, - the kinds that are made with plastic tape insulation. Also, the fittings used for flexible cord and the construction technique used in installing .flexible cord must be such that tension on the cord will not be transmitted to the terminal screws. This can be accomplished by tying a knot in the cord and letting the knot take the tension or by wrapping the cord with tape and letting the lump of tape take the tension. Or by using special fittings to accomplish the same thing. That pretty well wraps up the Code requirements for flexible electrical cords and cables, except for a table which specifies the amperage capacity for different wire sizes, and different types of insulatic The last group of NEC regulations which OSHA has made retroactive includes a couple of general items. Some we won't even discuss -like manufacturing requirements for appliances such as ovens, electric heaters,irons, etc. -- because they*,don11 apply to our business. F-16 SAL 0 '"led o No j I J L-fc.____ ^6 M t-M'T UJL-A.UU ctllU 1UU No. 3B - "Electrical" /v A 6-i___15 Q A 21 11/25/lk (?Y | JWW?GJV ScCi}C- *7k M v'v'n / CfU`-/\A I x (dc_u * < i *TT~ ' u-LmiL* N/ \1 iO^o C - cuT; -ZociA ' vJ - vJ'.r'cf'c;TTP ^- rf/;T.i T(. (...-_ ; /.,:. / - iac'J'- VXcr.v* c.'^.u -\jf ; < piC-T/W^- S'/far z Av) Q h 57 f A ECU w Chart 057-f 57g A ECU w Chart #57-g 57h A ECU w Chart #57-h 58a B ECU Sidney l ft l 58b A ECU Chart #58-b 58c A ECU W Chart #58-c 58d A ECU w Chart 58e A ECU w Chart #58-e 58f A ECU w Chart #58-f Six, connection to stationary equipment to facilitate its frequent interchange -- Seven, prevention of the transmission of noise Dr vibration -- -- and Eight, facilitating the removal or disconnection Df fixed or stationary appliances for maintenance or repair. Finally, NEC goes on to say that if a plug is Deeded to connect the flexible cord to a power source, the plug has to be energized from an approved receptacle outlet NEC also spells out where you cannot use flexible cords, - so let's look at what it says about that - Flexible cords or cable shall not be used One, as a substitute for the fixed wiring of a structure, --- Two, where it has to run through holes in walls, ceilings or floors ------- Three, where it's run through doorways, windows, or similar openings ------- Four, where it's attached to building surfaces ------- and Five, where it's concealed behind the walls, the ceilings, or the floors of buildings. F-15 SAL 0000206^0 I. ' i L d b 1 fdC' BR--102 | <I i! UL-- I(--.- ______uonii,> .jtAun ana iou SdGfA C-M"T .,. No. U3 - M 1 < er V < X V ! v :\ : i oc.r. ie' !K ft i\ d (- .j,8_e> ^ 21 f>Y X". > 'I rciit C * CUT 2- -7_oc^>A * vJ - VJ.X : P a JWW/GJW lh ECU Sketch fllh 75 A ECU Sketch #75 76 A ECU W Sketch #76 77 ECU ll Sidney 78 ECU Sketch #78 79 ECU Sidney You can elevate them at least 8 feet above the floor or working surface. (Pause) If the energized parts are so located that they could be damaged by trucks or other mobile equipment, then you need to build guards around them, which are strong enough to prevent damage. In any event, you must identify the areas where energized parts are located with warning signs to prohibit unqualified persons from entering. Another general requirement of the National Electrical Code is that any electrical devices which will arc shall be isolated from all combustible materials. You'll recall, that as we discussed earlier, hazardous areas require special consideration An electrical requirement which is one of the favorites with OSHA compliance officers is the one calling for identification of all switches and other so-called "disconnects" - that is, ways to cut off electrical power. The National Electrical Code requires that each switch, circuit breaker, or other disconnect for a motor, an appliance, an electrical service, or an electrical feeder or branch, shall be legibly marked at its point of origin to indicate its purpose, unless, of course, the purpose of it is obvious. j F-18 SAL 0C0C2C69I \\7L6 OSHA, Exxon ana iou________ J'16 M M"f No, 3B- "Electrical" \!T/v * rWl 17 of- 21____3>fvl7~ 11/25/7*+ (? JWW/GJW r-t'C- *7/:.* At C CV-''Lf\f\ __ | --> I 3 HOT v l l \/ PJ's ol-j ; \J ID 6^, C - CUT , ->ioo J-; - vJ Vl.f1 C ; P \ Al u C :Y.: -j(* w/'.C'J- Ct*U-u/ ; * Vit'fA'JuL r//of) AuOl^ y 66 MCU Sidney The rest of the items in the General category we do need to at least touch on, so here's the first one------ 67 ECU Chart #67 Dissimilar materials - You shouldn't intermix that is, tie or connect together - wiring and fittings made of different kinds of material - like aluminum and copper (wait), copper and copper-clad aluminum (wait) or ai-nmlnum and copper-clad aluminum. 68 MCU Sidney 69 A ECU Chart #69 It's difficult, if not impossible, to get a lasting good electrical contact between these dissimilar materials. Due to the resistance that'*3 built up at the Junction, enough heat can be gene., .,,et to actually start a fire. Another general idea is.that splices shall be mechanically and electrically secure (pause). 70 ECU Chart #70 71 B ECU Sidney To sum up, the splice has to be as strong as the rest of the cable, and proper insulation of the splice is a must! Also, you've got to have good contact between the parts through which the electri city is supposed to pass. Another general requirement covers energized par" which are 50 volts or more. These shall be guarded tt prevent someone from accidentally contacting them. This can be accomplished in several ways -- 72 A ECU C Sketch #72 You can locate the live parts in a room, in a vault, or on a balcony, with access limited to on' qualified people. Or you can install suitable permanent partitions to isolate the energized parts. F-17 OC002c62 SAL Mocjo'U No - / t / U. S 6-M OSHA. Exxon and You No. 3B - "Electrical" \jIX ^/<I? 1 . Pa d-i.i2_f _21_ t 11/25/74 f?Y JW/GJV____ 8X-C ,.'f. crw-^/Xi ~7/X.H NiiiV ^ p)'N ! - (g - vT.-J.>li>To SaCt-iL'. C - CUT Y_ ^ v> \J Tcw^ ! A u xn^ . vJ ^ Vj.fX ; F'X.if tDC^r/^U. 57/or . 80 MCU Sidney NEC also requires that overcurrent protective devices shall be located where they will he readily accessible, hut not exposed to physical damage -- and not in the vicinity of ignitible materials. 81 ECU W Chart 08l Finally, NEC requires that arcing parts, or suddenly-moving parts, including handles on switches, must he shielded so they won't injure or burn a person when they do operate. 82 MCU Sidney Well, those are the electrical requirements that OSHA has made retroactive -- that is, the retroactive ones which apply to our business. 83 ECU Sidney There are a couple of other things in the electrical area that are important, even though they'i not included in that part of the National Electrical Code which OSHA made retroactive. 84 FC ECU Slide 084 One is the tag-out or lock-out procedure. It is extremely important to follow the tag-out or lock-out procedure to_ the letter, because tremendous amounts of electrical energy can be released accidentally if it is not properly handled. 85 ECl Sidney Be sure that you know what the correct procedure is for your plant, and that you follow every sing? e step as written because human lives are at stake. F-19 SAL QC0020694 0 J o \ e No BR-102 t'l'Tue. S OSHA, Exxon and You No. 3B - "Safety at Exxon" ("Electrical") \J1X S<L/<\iCT ^ ____yf 21 ^fVTfc- 12-6-74 (?Y 3Cj- CfV*^A "TfetHthty*- of'MVa-itflb I (tc_yj * V L'ffi-t,-X L\-ok'j fi ^ C - CUT , Z-ZoA ; vJ ' j P^ IMOm* GlO^-V/ ; ^ htC'fA^^ *I \i I D O Au P JWtf/GJW (o/_ 9 i:... ; y ) 85E ECU Chart 0 85b People who work with electrical equipment should always keep in mind that when you're electrocuted, it makes no difference whether it was caused by faulty grounding, bad electrical cords, unsafe lighting or contact with some "hot" equipment. The end result is the same - you're deadl 86 ECU Sidney If there's anything else In the electrical area that you need to know - for instance, some special requirement for your plant which waan't covered in this program - then your instructor will tell you about it at the end of this segment. (Pause.) It's time now for Exercise No. 4 in your workbook. 87 ECU Produced by (Music - 5 Seconds) Training and Development Dept. Baton Rouge Refinery, Exxon Company, U.S.A. 88 ECU Property of - (Music - 5 Seconds) Exxon Company, U.S.A. Not to be Copied 91 ECU W (GSD Logo) (Music - 5 Seconds) END OF T PE P-21 SAL OOOCZPf'96 INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL MODULE BR-102 "OSHA, EXXON AND YOU" FEBRUARY, 1975 Property of Exxon Company, U.S.A. Not to be Copied Training and Development Department Baton Rouge Prepared by: F. S. Venable G. J. West, Jr. J. W. White SAL 000020693 TABLE OF CONTENTS Instructor's Manual Page Module Objective ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A-l Module Description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A-2 Terminal Performance Objectives (TPO's) -----------------------------------------------------------------(What the trainee is expected to know and be able to do as a result of taking this course.) A-3 How to Use the Module: Preparation for Teaching------------------------------------------------------*---------------------------------------- B-l How to Handle the Workbook Exercises------------------------------------------------------------------ B-l Tests and Testing------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- B-2 How to. Operate a Videotape Presentation -------------------------------------------------------------- B-3 Equipment and Supplies ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- B-10 Scripts for Module Segments: Segment No. 1, "What OSHA is and How it Works"-------------------------------------------- C-l Segment No. 2, "OSHA Inspections" --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D-l Segment No. 3, Part A, "Workplace Violations"---------------------------------------------- E-l Segment No. 3, Part B, "Electrical Violations"-------------------------------------------- F-l Segment No. 3, Part C, "Machine Guarding and Other Violations"------- G-l \ Segment No. 4, Part A, "Occupational Disease" ----------------------------------------- H-l Segment No. 4, Part B, "Specific Health Hazards"-------------------------------------- 1-1 Other Instructions and Comments: Supplemental Comments by Segments ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- J-l Suggested Introductory Comments--------------------------------------------------------------------------- J-4 List of Supplemental Publications -------------------------------------------------------------------------- J-7 Key Visual's from Videotapes----------------------------------------------------------------------------(In Workbook) SAL GOOC20 7 00 MODULE DESCRIPTION Minutes Introduction Comments-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Segment No. 1 (Videotape) "What OSHA is and How it Works"-------------- 5 16 Workbook Exercise No. 1--------------------------------------------------- ---- - 10 Segment No. 2 (Videotape) "OSHA Inspections" ------------------------------------------------ 19 Workbook Exercise No. 2------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 Segment No. 3."Safety at Exxon" Part A (Videotape) "Workplace Violations" ---------------------------------------------- 27 Workbook Exercise No. 3---------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 Part B (Videotape) "Electrical. Violations" ---------------------------------------------- Workbook Exercise No. U-------------------------------------------------------- ~-- Part C (Videotape) "Machine Guarding & Other Violations"________ 32 15 20 Workbook Exercise No. 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------Segment No. U "Health at Exxon" Part A (Videotape) "Occupational Disease" ---------------------------------------------- iq 20 Workbook Exercise No. 6-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Part B (Videotape) "Specific Health Hazards" ------------------- ----------- 10 32 Workbook Exercise No. 7---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 Test on Total Module----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Instructor's Closing Remarks----------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 5 Total Time of Module-------------------------------------------------------- 4 Hours 51 Minutes* *Does not include time for discussion after Workbook exercise, coffee breakes, lunch, etc. A-2 SAi- 0C002C7C1 MODULE OBJECTIVE The objective of this module is to inform first and second line super visors in the Exxon Manufacturing circuit of the purpose of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, of the rights and duties of the employer and employee under the Act, of how an OSHA inspection is conducted, and of some of the basic safety and health standards which affect our workplace. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1. The module is not designed to replace a safety program. 2. The module is designed to "broaden" supervisors' knowledge beyond that which they actually need in the plant, because it is believed that this yields a more "rounded" supervisor. 3- The module is designed to be instructive to a relatively broad group of supervisors - as to both age and experience background. 4. It points out what OSHA has been putting emphasis on, in the safety area. Many of these things are elementary. 5. Some of the important requirements of the law have not been included not because they don't deserve the attention of Exxon supervisors, but rather because OSHA has not been concentrating on them in their inspections. 6. The health portion of this module represents a pioneering effort, because it gets into an area that previously has not commanded the attention of supervisors. In this health area, the module leads OSHA. A-l 0CGG2C 702 SM- Recognizing key safety items from a current list of frequently-cited and/or potential "electrical" violations: - electricity in hazardous (explosive) areas - grounding of electrical equipment - proper use of flexible cords - connections between dissimilar materials - safe splicing of cables and cords - guarding of energized parts above 50 volts - isolation of arcing devices - identification of "disconnects" - protection of overcurrent devices from damage - shielding of suddenly-moving parts - tag-out and lock-out procedures Recognizing key safety items from a current list of frequently-cited and/or potential "machine-guarding" and "other" violations-: - "point of operation" hazards (shear, table saw, lathe, etc.) - in-going "nip points" (rollers, gears, chain and sprocket, belt and pulleys, and conveyors) - flying chips and sparks - rotating parts - enclosure guards - interlocking guards - automatic guards - special guarding devices (2-hand switch control, etc.) - handling of gas cylinders (using, storing, marking, transporting) - using compressed air for cleaning Recognizing key health items associated with "occupational disease": - the troublemakers (noise, heat and cold, vibration, radiation, dust, fumes, mists, vapors, gases and liquids) - the contacts (how troublemakers can "get to you" - breathing, absorbing and ingesting) SAL 000020703 'ERMINAL PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES By means of a written test, without the aid of written notes, the supervisor will demonstrate his knowledge of the Occupational Safety and Health Act By - Recognizing - - that "OSHA" stands for the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 - a statement of the employer's general, duty under the Act - a statement of the employee's responsibilities under the law - that some states have Been authorized by OSHA to develop and enforce their own safety and health laws - a statement of what group of employees are covered by the Act - the organization which provided the source of the current safety and health standards - the method by which OSHA standards are enforced - the method by which an employer can seek relief from unjust citations, unjust penalties, and/or too short a period being allowed to correct deficiencies Recognizing key safety items from-a current list of frequently-cited and/or potential "workplace" violations: - general housekeeping violations (scattered trash, slippery floors, etc.) - open sided floors, platforms and runways - stairway handrails - exit markings (location, lighting, visibility) - fire extinguishers (location and accessibility) - aisle markings - floor load limits - storing flammables - excavation and trenching - scaffolding (tubular and ''horse") safety A-3 SAL 0COC20704 - hydrogen sulfide stops one's breathing, by acting upon that center in the brain which controls the breathing - chlorine can cause severe irritation and damage to the eyes and lungs, even in small concentrations - carbon monoxide causes headache, drowsiness, nausea, and even death - carbon monoxide poisoning prevents the hemoglobin in the blood from supplying oxygen to the brain - excessively high noise levels can cause permanent hearing loss - a high level of noise is one where you have to talk. above your normal volume when you're at arm's length from someone Identifying - specifically what it is that a supervisor can do to help himself, his employees, and the company to comply with the OSHA law (be alert, be observant, be knowledgeable, inform employees, and set good safety and health example). A-6 SAL 0C002n7C5 - the results of being contacted (discomfort, inefficiency, sickness, disability, aging and death) - the peculiarities of occupational diseases (slow to develop, latent, have similar symptoms, hard to recognize, and irreversible) - tips to supervisors on how to be alert for hazards (use senses of sight, hearing, smell and touch - but mainly common sense!) Recognizing key health items associated with "specific health hazards": - the ten so-called bad actors (asbestos, lead, cadmium, benzene, sulfuric acid, phenol, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, carbon monoxide, and noise) - asbestos - a cause of scaring of the lungs and chest cancer(mesothelioma) - asbestos fibers, if visible at all, mean a problem - fumes of lead can be both inhaled and ingested - lead fumes can cause even brain damage - cadmium is fairly common as a coating and plating of metal - the fumes of cadmium can be dangerously, even fatally toxic - benzene, widely used as a solvent - affects the blood-forming organs of the body - the vapor and liquid of benzene are both dangerous - sulfuric acid can cause problems through skin contact and inhalation - from chronic exposure to sulfuric acid, irration of the throat, eyes and sinuses, chronic cough and even erosion of tooth enamel. can result - phenol (carbolic acid) is toxic by skin contact, by breathing, and by ingestion - skin absorption of phenol is very rapid, and can cause immediate collapse of the victim - concentrated phenol has an anaesthetic effect, so that skin destruction often cannot be felt by the victim - hydrogen sulfide (with a rotten egg odor) paralyzes the sense of smell so that, soon after exposure, a victim may not be able to tell he's in a high concentration of it A-5 SAL 0C0C2C706 TESTS AND TESTING Test Packet A separate test packet contains the test Tor this module. Test Key Packet A test key packet also contains a key (answer sheet) for the test. This should he kept absolutely secret - no_ xeroxing, etc. Segmentation of Test There is only one test for this module, and it is given after the trainee has completed all videotapes and workbook exercises. The test covers the information taught in all of the segments. Test Correction Each supervisor will correct his own test on the basis of correct answers verbally supplied by the instructor and then turn in his score anonymously. This will enable the instructor to come up with an average score for the entire class which the supervisor will then he able to use to measure his own performance in the class. Time may not permit compiling test results until after the class is dismissed. In this case a summary of the test scores should he sent to each participant so that he may judge his MOSHA awareness." B-2 SAL 0000207Q7 PREPARATION FOR TEACHING General Familiarize yourself with the contents of both this instructor's manual, and the trainee workbook. Also, familiarize yourself with the tests and test keys in the test packet. Before teaching the course, be sure that you have seen all of the videotape presentations. Arrange, if possible, to have the program introduced by an "upper" management representative. This is important as a means of impressing the class participants with the fact that the program has "management" backing and interest. (See Section J for suggested introductor remarks). TRAINEE WORKBOOK The trainee workbook should be issued to the trainees in advance of the class, if possible, so that they will have an opportunity to study it. Where this cannot be achieved, then the workbook should be issued to the trainees as soon as they enter the classroom. Point out to trainees that the workbook exercises are not tests. are simply a way to reinforce what is being taught! They At the end of each videotape presentation, give the trainees the allotted time to complete the appropriate workbook exercise. If time permits, answer any questions concerning the segment. At the end of the allotted time, start the next videotape presentation. B-l SAL 0GGC2C7C3 Be careful not to misuse the television medium by attempting to teach too many people with one television set. Both distance from the set, and the angle of viewing* are important factors to be considered. Some practical suggestions are given below: Television Size Maximum distance of anyone from the set --------------- 17"21" 10 ft. 12 ft. 2^" 15 Ft. Maximum angle of anyone from picture tube - - - - ----------- U50 45 45 Optimum number of people for one set --------- -------------------------- 9 11 13 Practical maximum number of people for one set - - - - - -------------------------- 12 15 18 ' classes larger than the "practical maximum" numbers shown above television sets should be used, or the class should be divided into two groups to be trained separately. By the use of a "Y" cable fitting, one tape player and one videocassette can operate two television sets simultaneously. Be sure to rewind all videocassettes when you're finished with them, so that they will be ready to show the next time they're used. Also, when the class is finished, be sure to turn off the electric power to both the television set and the videocassette player. B-4 SA1 0G 002 C 70 9 HOW TO OPERATE A VIDEOTAPE PRESENTATION Videocassettes There are six videocassettes for this module. Videocassette No. 1 contains hoth Segments No. 1 and No. 2. Segment No. 3 is in three parts, with each part being on a seperate videocassette. Segment No. b is in two parts, with each of those parts being on a separate videocassette. Videotape Player and Television Receiver Check the videotape player and the television receiver (or monitor) prior to starting the class to insure that both of them are functioning properly. Note that this instructor's manual contains a copy of the entire script for each segment of the module. The script will help to familiarize you with the presentations. In addition, you can use the script, as you watch the videotape playback, to make any notes you think will be helpful to you as you teach the module. B-3 SAL 000020710 Operation 1. Complete the connections shown in the figure 2 Push the POWER switch to turn on the \-,'DEOCASSr TTE Recorder The green pilot lamp will light Turn on the TV set {Leave the power switch of the TV set ON and the TV will be turned on and off by the POWER button on the VO-1 600 play position, and the EJECT lever will return to the former position 6 Press tne PLAY button. The orange STAND BY lamp will light. After several seconds, the lamp will go out and playback of the VIDEOCASSET JE will begin 3.Pull the EJECT lever toward you and insert the '.'iOECCASSETTE as illustrated Slide the v;DEGCASSETTE in as far as it will go a Once m piace, the VtDCOCASSETiE will drop of its own weight into 4. Set the CHANNEL SELECTOR on the rear panel to CH-3 or CH-4, whichever is inactive in your area. For example, if Channel 4 is m use in your city, switch the CHANNEL SELECTOR to CH-3. Once this selector has been set, there is no need to reset it. 5. Set the Channel Selector of the television receiver to the same channel number that has been chosen for use by the rear panel CHANNEL SELECTOR of the v/DEO CASSETTE Recorder. 7. Adjust the control knobs on the television receiver as in normal TV viewing to obtain a clear, sharp picture 8. The audio signal produced by the TV set is determined by the set ting of the AUDIO SELECTOR (VHF) as follows 1 ........... to reproduce the sound from the Number 1 (L) audio track. MIX to mix the sound from both Number 1 and Number 2 tracks (monaural sound from a stereo recording) 2 ........... to reproduce the sound from the Number 2 (R) track B6 SAL 0C0G2C711 PLAYBACK THROUGH A CONVENTIONAL TELEVISION RECEIVER Connections Television receiver y to fLAC INI B-5 -O---------to an ac outlet SAL 0C0CZQ712 VIDEOCASSETTE Removal The VIDEOCASSE77E may oe re moved after the machine has been out into the stop mode, either auto matically or by pressing the STOP button When stop is initiated, the tape will thread back into the VIDEO CASSETTE to permit removal For the few seconds that it takes for the tape to return to the VIDEOCASSETTE, the orange STAND BY lamp will light When the lamp goes out, unthreading is complete, and the VIDEOCASSETTE may be removed. 1 Press the STOP button and wait until the STAND BY lamp goes out Or if the machine has stopped automatically, check to see that the STAND BY lamp is extin guished before proceeding 2. Pull the EJECT lever toward you Rewind and Fast Forward Rewind and fast forward operations may be pet formed after the machine has been placed in the stop mode 1 Press the STOP button and wait until the STAND BY lamp goes out signaling the completion of the un threading operating 2 Press F FWD or REWIND buttons /i 3 Press STOP at the desired point on the tape. The tape will also stop automatically at either end of the tape Operating Notes 1 Always wait until the orange STAND 8Y lamp goes out before trying to eject the VIDEOCASSET TE or initiating fast-forward or re wind operations 2. Remember to go to STOP when changing functions For example, to go from play to rewind, it is necessary to go to STOP, wait until the STAND BY lamp goes out and then press REWIND 3 If the machine fails to function as desired when you press the PLAY, REWIND or F FWD buttons, check to make sure that the tape is not at either end of us travel For example, if the tape has reach ed the end of the play operation and has stopped automatically, pressing the PLAY Dutton will cause the tape to thread and then shut off automatically. Similarly, if the tape is fully re wound, and the REWIND button is pressed, the machine will continue to run in the rewind mode. In this case, press the STOP but ton before proceeding with the desired mode of operation 3. Remove the VIDEOCASSETTE 8-8 " SAL 000020713 lllli ii 9 If a stereo system is m use turn down the volume at the TV set and adjust the vokime control on the stereo amplifier as required NOTE : The setting of the frontpanel AUDIO SELECTOR (VHF; has no effect upon the audio signals produced at the LINE OUT audio output jacks 10 When the tape comes to !ts end the machine will stop automatical ly, and the function buttons will be unlocked You may also stop the tape at any point by pressing tne STOP button Tl.. POWER sw.v n m i- VO l 6 00 n n a 111 VHP > 11 o " i Tlx; POWER swiic." is ' liliiasi'-; Select IM TV program by turning tne Channel Selector t.ii" on the V0-1600 Depress tne RECORD button Set the Channel Selector to CH-3 or CH-4 Oeprcss the POWER switch to ;urn on me vo-; 600 Depress the PLAY button Set the Channel Selector to Ch-3 or CH-4 B7 00J020714 EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES Equipment and supplies should be obtained early, and inventoried before training begins, to insure that the quantity on hand is sufficient for class requirements. Checklist of Materials Supplied with Module All items listed below are supplied with this module: () Instructor`s Manual (one per instructor) ( ) Workbook (one per trainee) ( ) Test Packet ( ) Test BR-102 (one per trainee) ( ) Test Key Packet ( ) Test Key BR-102 (one per instructor) ( ) 6 videocassettes, 3A" color - one containing Segments No, 1 and No. 2, and one each for Segments No, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4a, and UB. ( ) Television set (sets) - as many required to effectively teach the class. ( ) Cable (cables) to connect television set (sets) to the videocassette playback unit. A list of publications which can be used as handouts to supplement the program are given in Section J. If these materials are to be used at your facility they must be ordered by you from the publisher. A six to eight week lead time is required for many of the items. B-10 SAL 00002C715 Adjustment of the Playback Picture Skew Adjustment Tracking Adjustment Color Lock Adjustment Observe the playback picture on the TV semen Picture distortion m the upper part of the screen may be cor reeled by turning the SKEW control This \ncb returns automatically to its center position when the RECORD button is pressed In some cases streaks of snow may appear m the playback of tapes made on other WOE OCA SEE TTE Recorders To correct this condition perform the tracking adjustment as follows. Pull the TRACKING control straight up and then rotate it in either direc tion until the best picture is obtained When playback of this particular tape is finished, return the TRACKING knob to its original position by push ing it down The VIDEOCASSETTE Recorder is preadjusted at the factory to produce correct color Therefore, h is rare adjustment of color lock will be re quired However, if the picture should suddenly lose color or cannot maintain correct hues, adjust the COLOR LOCK control Pull out this control and rotate it slowly to the left and right until a normal picture is restored. Push the control back m when this particular tape is finished. S9 But the important thing is this, that whether you hear the act referred to as OSHA or OSKA or the job safety law or any number of other names currently in use, its one of the most sweeping pieces of legislation ever enacted in terms of its effect on our nation's businesses and work force. When the law was signed by the President in December, 1970, it put into motion the wheels of a gigantic piece of machinery that has since made a lasting impact on over five million businesses throughout the fifty states, and several U.S. possessions, and more than 60 million employees. Now, that's practically every business and employee in the nation. In fact, about the only exceptions are workers who are protected by a similar government program already in effect - the Federal Coal Mine Act, and the Atomic Energy Act, for example. But getting back to OSHA - its purpose as declared by Congress is to assure, so far as possible, every working man and woman in the nation,safe and healthful working conditions, and to preserve our human resources. And to back up these words, the Act provides for a series of penalties for failure to comply,; ranging for adverse publicity to some pretty severe blows in the pocketbook. The key to avoiding them is knowing what the responsibilities are; whose they are; and how they can be met. So let's look at them now. First, every employer has the general duty to furnish each of his employees working conditions that are free from recognized safety and health hazards. That's what those words on the screen boil down to. If you've heard people refer to the general duty clause of the Act, this is what they're talking about. The employer's second responsibility is more precise. He has the specific duty to comply with safety and health standards promulgated under the act. The standards are the real meat of the Act, and we're going to be talking more about them in a moment. C-2 SAL CC0C^C717 MODULE BR-102 "OSHA, EXXON AND YOU" SEGMENT NO. 1 "WHAT OSHA IS AND HOW IT WORKS" A place of business can be a quiet place at certain times anyway, like right now, no one around; no sign of the frantic bustling activities that we associate with normal working hours. Yes, a place of business can be a quiet place - peaceful and safe. But come tomorrow morning, - tomorrow morning is a different story. Now the silence is penetrated by the sounds of movement, of power tools, trucks and equipment, of cash registers, shopping carts, of office machines and typewriters. In short, the sounds of men and women, busily involved in the things that working people do in places like these all across the nation. And what was a peaceful scene becomes a scene of activity and vitality. What's quiet becomes alive, with the pulsating sound of things being created, things being marketed, things being added, subtracted, inventoried and recorded. And what was a place of safety - well -- it becomes a place where safety can't automatically be counted on as a natural, deserved fact of life. On the contrary, in any kind of business the job of assuring a safe place to work requires a conscious, determined and intelligent effort on the part of everyone involved. And that's what we're going to be talking about for the next several minutes. Safety - but more specifically, we're going to cover something that makes the Job of creating a safe and healthful working environment, a matter of still greater importance to employers, supervisors, and employees alike. We're going to be talking about the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. It's quite a law, and quite a mouthful, too. So let's call it by the name most people refer to it as OSHA. 0-S-H-A. Actually, those initials refer specifically to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. That's the federal office that has been established to implement and enforce this new law. SAL 000020713 Once you have the full set of OSHA standards and other materials from the sources we've mentioned,you've got all you need. Right?... Wrong!!... The fact is many states havesafety and health requirements that are in addition to those imposed byOSHA. Better check with your State Chamber of Commerce or your local trade association. They'll tell you what the situation is in your state. Now, in case you're wondering just how the government makes certain that your business and its employees are. meeting their responsibilities under OSHA, that's clearly outlined in the Act as well. They use inspectors. The official term for these experts is Compliance, Safety and Health Officer. But since that's as big a mouthful as the complete name of the Act itself they are often referred to as Safety Specialist. Now, generally the Compliance Officer conducts a wall to wall inspection of every area and situation that can affect an employee's safety and health. He checks such things as lighting and ventilation, and passageways to see that they are properly marked and free from obstructions, guard rails for stairways and platforms, and precise labeling and storage. He carefully inspects to determine whether a hazard exists that can cause severe electrical shock or fire, and that wiring is adequate and well insulated. He checks to see if power equipment and even vending machines are properly grounded. He determines that flammable and explosive materials are correctly labeled and stored. He checks such equipment as ladders and scaffolding to see if they are free from defects and are adequate for the job they are being used for. He ascertains whether potentially dangerous machines are properly guarded, and whether the guards are in place whenever the machine is being used. And, of course, he observes the use and condition of personal and protective equipment, such as hats, safety glasses, breathing filters, safety shoes and other clothing. We could go on but I think you get the idea now of some of the general areas covered by the OSHA safety and health standards. But that's not all the safety specialist looks for during his inspection. He also checks to see if the employer has properly posted the notice supplied by the Department of Labor, that informs employees of their rights and duties under the Act. This notice must be posted by the employer where it will be seen by all employers regardless of where they work .... inside or out. C-k SAL 000020719 The employee has important responsibilities, too. Specifically, he has the duty to comply with the Safety and Health Standards, as well as any other rules and regulations connected with OSHA that he might be subject to. So you can see that compliance is really a job for everyone involved in a business operation. And team work is necessary tc insure the objectives of the Act. Now, we've talked about standards. When you first look at the OSHA standards and the supplements that have since been added, they can seem pretty frightening. But you'll soon see that they're mostly concerned with common sense things you've been doing all along. All OSHA has done, really, is put a spot light on basic safety and health practices that all businesses ar.d employees should be paying attention to as a matter of everyday routine. The Safety and Health Standards prescribed by OSHA are the result of a great deal of study and research by the Department of Labor in cooperation with Department of Health, Education,and Welfare; and other sources like Trade Associations, and similar employer and employee groups. In general, they consist of rules for the avoidance of hazards which are proven by research and experience to be harmful to personal safety and health. You'll find that most of them, such as fire protection standards, for example, effect virtually all business; while others, such as the handling of compressed gases, have a more limited application. But one thing is clear, the standards are going to help you in determining precisely what you must do to meet your responsibilities under the act, in places like this, and this, and this, and in places like this. The standards were first published in the Federal Register. And the supplements added since then have also appeared there. If you don't yet have a full set of standards now in effect, the U. S. Government Printing Office or the OSHA regional and area offices can help you. Check also with such organizations as The Bureau of National Affairs, The National Safety Council and Commerce Clearing House. And don't forget your local and State Chambers of Commerce, and any trade associations you belong to. C-3 SAL 000020720 Of course there are provisions in the Act which help to prevent undue hardship in cases where an employer's attempt to comply can put him in a hind. For example, the Act gives employers the opportunity to request temporary variance from some of the standards if they can show that they can't meet a deadline because of such things as the unavailability of equipment or professional and technical personnel to do the job. The Act also gives small businesses the opportunity to obtain assistance from the Small Business Administration for alterations to comply with OSHA Safety and Health requirements. If you think your business might be eligible, your best bet is to contact the SBA office nearest you. And finally, the Act gives employers fifteen working days to contest any citations or penalties proposed as a result of a Compliance Officer's inspection. Subseuquent hearing before a special OSHA Review Commission then results in an order that either modifies, vacates, or affirms the citation or penalty. Now, we're going to give you some time to review what you have learned so far. Then I will be back to show you in some detail, what happens when a Safety Specialist knocks on your door, and announces his intention to conduct an OSHA inspection. I think you'll find it interesting. See you then. C-6 SAL 00CC2C721 And the safety specialist also checks to determine if the employer is observing the record keeping requirements established as an important part of OSHA regulations. These include the recording in a log shown here as OSHA Form 100, of Job Related Fatalities, Serious Injuries or Illnesses. It's not necessary to record minor first aid treatment, but a record must be kept of injuries or illnesses that involve medical treatment, loss of consciousness, restriction of work or motion, or transfer to another job. And the Secretary of Labor might also require that a record be kept of an employee's exposure to toxic materials, or other harmful agents. OSHA requirements may also stipulate that a supplemental record must be completed for each injury or illness that is recorded in the log. OSHA Form 101, shown here, can be used for this purpose. But if you already have insurance or Workman's Compensation forms that contain virtually the same information, OSHA may accept them as an adequate substitute for Form 101. The final requirements under the record keeping provision, is the posting of an annual summary of the injuries and illnesses recorded in the log. This form, OSHA Form 102, must be completed at the end of each year, and posted where the employees will see it. The regulations stipulate that it should be posted by the first of February, and left up for at least 30 days. Now, you may be asking what happens if a compliance officer detects a violation? Well, if that happens, he first informs the employer of the violation, then he notifies his area director. The area director issues a citation which must be posted at or near the place where the violation occurred, and left there for at least 3 working days, or until the violation is abated, whichever is longer. A citation may or may not be accompanied by a penalty. It depends upon the seriousness of the violation. Some violations are subject to mandatory penalties that can ram anywhere from a few dollars, to a thousand or more for repeated or willful violations. . C-5 SAL 0CGC2C722 voluntary compliance will go a long way toward assuring the objectives of the Act, which after all is not punishment, but the elimination of hazards in the work place. OK, that brings up my next question. If you're not going to systemati cally call on all four million businesses, how do you determine where, and when an inspection will be made? It's based on a system of priority. Now the top priority that can bring about an inspection, is if a fatality occurs in a work place, or a catastrophe. What do you mean by that? Where a number of employees are killed or severely injured, in a single accident. Like an explosion or a fire for instance. The second way an inspection can be instigated is by an employee complaint. Now that is, if an employee believes that a violation of a Health or Safety Standard exists, he can submit a written complaint to the Secretary of Labor, It must give a reasonably detailed account of what the employee believes the violation to be, and it must be signed by one or more employees or their representatives. Does the employer get a copy of this complaint? He's given a copy of the complaint at the time of the inspection. That means then that the employee is sticking his neck out too, doesn't it? Not really, because he can request that his name be deleted from the complaint given to the employer. Futhermore, if the employee feels that he is being discriminated against by the employer because of the complaint, he can petition the OSHA Regional Administrator for an investigation. And if the evidence supports his claim, legal proceeding can be taken against the employer. OK, those are two reasons. Are there any others? Yes, there are certain industries which statistics have shown to be D-2 SAL QC002C723 MODULE BR-102 "OSHA, EXXON AND YOU" SEGMENT NO. 2 "OSHA INSPECTIONS" You are looking at a Compliance Safety and Health Officer of the U. S. Department of Labor. Call him OSHA Inspector, Compliance Officer, Safety Specialist, whatever. You should get to know him better. Take a closer look. What do you see? No horns, no pointed teeth, just an ordinary guy with a job to do. And that's what he's doing right now. He's on his way to make an inspection of a place of business, subject to the rules and standards established by the Occupational and Safety and Health Act of 1970. And what we're going to do in this film is follow him. We're going to observe just what happens in an OSHA inspection, from the moment the Compliance Officer walks through the door, to the time he leaves. And by the time we finish, you'll have a better idea of what your company can expect if and when you are selected for an OSHA Inspection. I'm going to introduce the Safety Specialist who will be our guide. I'm going to ask him a few questions. Now we're going to be doing all the work, so why don't you sit back and relax. All set? Then let's start with this question. If OSHA affects over U million businesses in this country, I hope you've got a lot of stamina, because your work is really cut out for you. Just how many of you are there? And how can you hope to inspect every single business covered by the Act? Well, you're right in one sense, it is a big job and ultimately the Department of Labor expects to have over two thousand Safety Specialists trained to make OSHA inspections. But to be realistic, even that many are going to find it next to impossible to cover four million businesses. And that's why a lot of hope and faith is being placed on voluntary compliance. OSHA figures that if it can convince employers and employees that its mission is a sound one, and that safety just plain makes good sense, then D-l SAL 00002072A No BR-102 3A " "Safety at Exxon" - (Machine Guarding andiother ") \JlX ^cS<\?i - fWt .!_*>( _1L T&ft-fl U^ZS-74 Cy jww/gjw >CC i-C- I _ Lv y;y N/ iHJ'n oiv;^*Mihb ' C c C.UY ^ 0>-\ vJ ' VJ'.f't ^ M l O o CCnTf-j^ ` C-L-O.R-V/ ; US' * T' AuQU P s' t=Ai>- 6>-;- C if. -, - -f - 57/of ) ECU Chart #4 5 B MCU C Tim i 6 B ECU ' Z Tim A third category of OSHA Standards which is frequently violated covers the area of Machine Guarding. More violations are found in this area than in either the Workplace or Electrical categories. Perhaps even more important is the fact that a significantly higher percentage of the violations found in the Machine Guarding category are likely to cause serious permanent injury to an employee. For this reason OSHA classes these violations as serious and imposes higher penalties for them. We realize that many of you supervisors have essen tially no contact with the shop type machinery covered in this section of OSHA. However most of you do have contact with portable tools and many of the machine guarding principles for fixed, shop-type equipment apply to any power tool - portable or fixed. Further OSHA does have safety standards covering portable power tools so you're sure to pick up some information which will apply to yo&r"Job. OSHA's machine-guarding standards range from very general to quite specific. Specific standards outline exact requirements, such as the thickness of the metal used for abrasive wheel guards, specific clearances for barrier guards for power presses, specific design requirements for power transmission guards, just to give a few examples. The General standards, however, are statements of the types of hazards to be guarded against -- G-2 sal 0C.CC2f-T26 f\c\ tr \ 11 No . BR-102 C(vM(-M''f V'ft Se/< \j . /Wt________of 3A - "Safety at Exxon" - (Machine Guarding and other") T)fv"ffc- 11/25/74 tfV JWW/GJW SCfiijf- 1 H f-lit'J f- *''& <c,e^L ' c c cut ; ^ _ j _-> (f:CU * *'r#.Ci\f CU3kffy< MAC'J'- f'<6v.. V l' 1 V \K M i O <?- O Au O t ^ J - vj'-.f'f ; F" fAi'f: (:! Ot;nyi pi S7/nf ) 7 A ECU C Chart #7 8 B MCU c Tim 9 C ECU c Sketch it 9 10 A ECU w Sketch #10 11 C ECU w Sketch #11 12 B ECU C Tim 13 A ECU w Sketch #13 14 C ECU w Sketch #14 15 A ECU w Sketch #15 16 C ECU w Sketch #16 17 B MCU C Tim G-3 -- such as those created by "point of operation," "in-going nip points," rotating parts, flying chips, and sparks. Flying chips, and sparks and rotating parts, you're already familiar with. But, here's what the other two terms mean. "Point of operation" means the precise point at which the cutting, the shaping, or the forming operation, is being performed. For instance, at this point (Wait) where the blade of a shear (Wait) contacts the metal plate being cut (Wait) ------------ or where the lathe tool contacts the workpiece at this point (Wait) -- -- or where the table saw blade contacts the word (Wait). Now, in-going "nip points" are those points where some part moves toward a stationary object or where machine parts rotate toward each other, -- -- as in the case of two rollers (Wait) or two gears (Wait). -- or where a chain goes around a sprocket (Wait)-- -- or where a belt goes around a pulley arrangement (Wait) -- or where a conveyor terminates, or disappears beneath a floor (Wait). The dangers inyolved in these so-called "nip points" and "points of operation" are obvious, but the personal consequences of getting caught in one are so disastrous that the dangers are worth repeating, for the sake of emphasis. CCQC2C727 V| Me No- BR-102 3C - "Safety at Exxon (Machine-Guarding and other") *{ - dL________ of _________ *3)pMfk n/25/74_________ Gy -.TW/n.Tu -C-.J c- CfMAC^ , - <___| _>. i^cu < / ,5ho< I ,------------------------------------- 1 ' ^ \l lo c-uorf-j/1 j T AUQI^ \3- ; Df ; F? fkit 6.*. CirjjL-/- r^nr- ^ ECU Sketch #18 C ECU W Sketch #19 ECU Tim Employees have lost fingers In "nip points" (Pause 3 seconds.) -- they've lost a hand -- and.,even worse (Pause 3 seconds). Well, those are some of the basic machine hazards that need to be guarded against. Let's look now at some of the types of guards which can be used to provide the protection which employees need. Keep in mind that there is often more than one type of guard that can be used. MCU Tim ECU Chart #22 A good principle to remember is that you should always use the simplest guard possible that will do the job. There are four classes, or categories, of guards -- enclosure guards, interlocking guards automatic guards, and special protective devices. Here are some examples of each class. Enclosure guards are the simplest and Beat reliable types of guards. One of the most basic kinds is the fixed exclosure guard. ECU Sketch #23 ECU Sketch #24 It can be made of sheet metal, or as you see here, of expanded metal, and.is used for power transmission systems such as belt, gear or chain drives. The guard encloses the "in-going nip point," or rotating motion, which could cause injury. This fixed type of guard can also be used to guard "points of operation." The guard on a table saw, like the one you see here, is a good example of a fixed enclosure guard for a "point of BBeration" hazard. G-4 ,0002^2 3 <;AL I 1^1 N BR-1Q2 S C-(>3C -| "Safety at Exxon (Machine-Guarding I and other") vi^T'v ,, /Wt_____ 11/25/74 (?Y JWW/GJV CCr.'fI ~Tkc\\ Co's ^ 5ir ] _x (Lc\j =- t*'J/sC,A ' \) i D a o cuoTiTj/9 c ^ cat Z-Zocs^ - vJ- vj-f'4` j Fr fAf* (r`. * ' MCV'- IA<^.^v*v cu-o.^-u^ ; c t>)C"7>w^- r//or) AuQl'a 25 MCU Tim ECU C Chart #26 27 B (ECU C Tim 28 MCU Tim 29 A ECU C Cahrt #29 Enclosure guards should always be the first type considered where cutting, bending, punching or shearing action takes place. However, they're difficult to apply in maintenance-type operations like you're faced with, where the material being processed is not all that well standardized as to size and shape. Nevertheless, wherever you can use an enclosure guard, you should use one. Where an enclosure guard is not practical, for one reason or another, then the next category should be considered - that's the interlocking guard, or interlocking barrier. An interlocking guard is moveable, but it's interlock ed , either mechanically or electrically, in such a way that whenever the guard is not in place then the machine cannot be activated. An example of this type of device, which is familiar to just about everybody~is the household washing machine, or dish washer. The devices are so hooked up that, at critical points in the operating cycle, the machines won't operate if the door-i apened. A properly designed interlocking guard should do two things: One - it should prevent the starting of the machine when the guard is open, by shutting off, or disengaging the power. Two - it should keep the guard closed until the part causing the danger is at rest, or at least it should stop the machine as soon as somebody opens the guard. G-5 OC 00207 29 SAL '\e f4o - BR-102 f G-fatrA'T 3C - ''Safety at Exxon (Machine-Guarding and other") Sc/<\f 1 hat.. o 11/25/74 dY jww/gjw ' c - cut J-s-y_oc>h\ vJ - Mi'.PC * P e fAf* (o.t ) iSJt ^ 1 x (C<-\J ^ *i.TAt-\* CLnffvf ' |ac*J- CLC'.'/.-u/ ; *3> sy/of ) ^ flot -- N/ - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------L \J 1 O & t> All O / MCU ECU ECU DS MCU Tim Tim Chart #32 Tim Tim Another kind of interlock device is the interlock barrier. It uses a bar, or a rod, or a vire, or some similar device which extends across the danger zone and will shut off the machine when it is contacted. In addition to mechanical devices like these, some fairly sophisticated systems of barrier guards have been developed using electric eyes, and other electronic sensing devices to detect abnormal, potentially unsafe conditions, and to shut machines down. The third class of guard is the automatic guard. This type of guard physically removes the hands, the arms or the body of the operator from the danger zone, as the tool closes on the material that's being worked on. It accomplishes this in one of two ways. One way is to sweep (Tim gestures) *or push (Tim gestures) the operator out of the way as the tool descends. Another way is to pull (Tim gestures) the operator back out of the way of the danger zone with straps or light cables, physically attached to his arm (Tim gestures) or hands (Tim gestures). Either system will work, but the system which ties the operator to his machine will pull-away cables is better adapted to a manufacturing operation than it is to our maintenance operations. The sweeping or pushing device has~the advantage of not restricting the employee from easily moving around the workplace. G-6 SAL G0GC2C7 Oc! v\l hi3 BR~102 \JTA 3C "Safety at Exxon (Machine-Guarding ! and other") ______oA_______ ^)fyTfc- 11/25/74 fly Sctijt- "TEcHf -is- *- of'M'.-f.Md'f* idM' C - ccrf Z^-oon j vJ* vl.f't ; F ' \-Ai/: (. J Ci^'-xr^ j r^C\><- |/.<r.-vv Gi_o.u.-w/ ; 35S- < i o. S'//Of) J Au 9 l^i5Wq1 1 -- I\, v' i-----x\--J-l----Il--r-o---^----S-----o--------------------------------'---A-----.---.-------V-----. ----------------------------1---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 ECU Chart #35 36 C ECU C Sketch #36 i 37 A i ECU C Chart #37 38 MCU Tim The fourth and last category of machine guards, called "special devices," includes arrangements which are not really guards, but they still prevent an employee from getting hurt. A two-hand safety control falls into this category. This is an arrangement which, as shown here, requires the operator to use both hands (Wait) to depress or activate the switch on his machine. The handles and electrical circuits are so designed that the operator must maintain contact long enough with both hands so that it's impossible for him to get his hands into the danger zone while the machine is in motion. A really important point to keep in mind is that there simply is no machine guard that is foolproof. The supervisor has a two-fold responsibility in this area. First, he must be sure that all machines being used by his employees are properly guarded. Second, he must be sure that the employees are using the machine guards which have been provided. This is not always as easy as it sounds. The best approach is to convince the employee that the guard was installed for his benefit. If this kind of persuasion is not effective, then discipline may be necessary, because compliance with OSHA law is a responsiblity of the employer. We know that these brief comments about the things you need to protect against in machine-guarding, and the examples we've shown to-you, just scratch the surface of a much more complex set of problems. G-7 SAL GCCC2C731 |V) i-,,\o No. j*z102 S (>M ^3C - ''Safety at Exxon" - Machine Guarding ___ O'TA Sc/llPt - |hd-L,,_____of________ 11/25/74 and other") _ (?Y JWW/GJW .afit- Cf\! I 'TfceHhhijyfc Sc 1*11'. c * CUT ; j \*J ' (.).<_ Stf-i-/* ^ _ I _> (co < cx<\r^-v/ ; a>X - \nC^A^<~*- S'//*?) 5 Ko'f * ---------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ----- L N/ \J l D AO O ECU Tim B MCU Z Tim & Booklet B MCU i C Tim C ECU C Chart #42 Use #7) A ECU C Chart #43 So, if you have some specific machine-guarding problem that we haven't covered in this program, you should check with your supervisor. He can help you get additional information which you may need to solve the problem. In addition, the Department of Labor, of which OSRA is a part, has published this booklet, which could be very helpful to you. It's called, "The Principles and Techniques of Mechanical Guarding," Every supervisor can get a copy, or get the use of one, through the safety organization in his plant. And, don't overlook the people who sell the machinery that you use in youx operations. They can also be very helpful in supplying literature about safety features for their machines. Now, we've talked about what machine operations need to be protected against -- that is, the standards that OSHA has set for machine-guarding -- hazards created by point of operation, in-going nip points, rotating parts, and flying chips and sparks. We've also talked about the four categories'of guards that OSHA recognizes as effective - that is, enclosure guards, interlocking guards, automatic guards, and special devices. Let me point out to you now, some of the violations that OSHA inspectors are finding most frequently in this area of machineguarding. G-8 SAL QC0C2C73Z No * BR-_1_0__2___ S M t/A'T 3C -I "Safety at Exxon" (Machine guarding i and other") cCi.'CL C(\^-f\h MOf '\ I ^ flhd-Lof- ________ *3)fy^ 11/25/74f?Y jvw/gjw fo'% ^ sc.f^C,> C c cut Z -7_oo ^ vJ - ; P ^ Tai i: cLoXf-j^ j cuo^-v/ ; 5s * t)j57/of ^ * xS'-y~j \i l o 0. Av) O 1^ 44 ECU Tim 45 ECU C Chart #45 46 ECU Sketch #46 47 C ECU C Sketch #47 48 ECU Sketch #48 49 MCU Tim 50 C ECU Sketch #50 Well, two items are the lack of guards, or the use of improper guards, on power transmission devices such as "V" Belt, chain and gear drives. Other things which have received a lot of attention are guards for pulleys and sprockets. The inspectors also look for unguarded "nip11 points and points of pperation -- anything, in fact, that could lead to the accidental injury of a person running a machine ------- -- like, for example, no guards, or improper guards, or a fan installed within seven feet of the floor (Pause 2 seconds) ------- -- like abrasive wheels not equipped with adjustable work rests or with the work rest having more than the maximum clearance of 1/8" between it and the abrasive wheel (Pause 2 seconds) ------- -- or the lack of an .adequate metal guard on the abrasive wheel itself, that is, one which does not cover enough of the wheel, or is not sturdy enough. (Pause 2 seconds). This is an OSHA program, and we're concentrating on the safety matters that OSHA is paying a lot of attention to. But, none of us should ever forget the really important thing ------------ that Exxon wants its Employees to be safety conscious. Unguarded or improperly guarded machinery can amputate, it can main, and it can otherwise mulilate the employee. (Pause). It can even kill! G-9 SAL GC0C2C733 jv,/ dole No. BR-102 Y!^T/v ^ &h\ 3C "Safety at Exxon (Machine-Guarding and other") _______ of ________ 11/25/74CY JVW/GJW CC-rJ C 'Tft^KNhiy'- fa/s. rccuLC - cut \ ^--Zocia .__I .5 hOl I i v fGc\j < tuna-jfi j f^cv- f'.6-.v>- -- - -- .................... --..... i .-- MlO^o Au Q J'o ~ vJ`.P ; ... fAi* (n.t r^of ) -- ` ^ MCU Tim ECU Chart #52 (#4) None of us want accidents like this to happen. So, each supervisor should review his area not only to see if he is, in compliance with OSHA, but also keeping in mind that it's injury to people that we're all trying to prevent - OSHA, Exxon and everyone who works for both organizations. So much for the third category, -- Machines Guarding. Let's talk now about the last category, which - for lack of a better label, we've called "other." This category includes the only two items remaining in the listing of frequent OSHA violation. G-10 SAL 0CQ02G734 /Q C / b s ,-^c J :/ i . 7 .7V ' r/ 3 t< Ik / "7 ' 3-2 .y y ') | 's' u>*.-* *5 / / t/'7 /< "/ y. ^ -- 1X ^7 ' ^ y, ^v-y < 1 -y J./ 3'z" ~:J\J !/ 3 3 , *> 33 - a ; ^ 77 '5 7 -// ' 37 -;. A-"; '< ' 3f bz-5 .3f -TP / c^ 4/ . :'7 , ; 'll ?.o y//^ i'/i-K*? w V v ' '/ ^/ ZJ. c C ! ' / C> / /A I /-/ <>. , /> y - * ?.. 0C0C2^^35 SAL SAL 000G2C736 // 7 / /* '( // ^ / /./ 7 0C-2C737 SM- f \/U i;!0 BR-102 ' .5*^6 M /-4"T 3C - "Safety at Exxon" - (Machine Guarding and other") Sc/<\? j /Wt.. o 11/25/74 (?Y JWW/GJV7 '.CCt'G- i 0>n ^ 1 ^ Ctc-U ^ ^HoT I V \K \ll D O r^r4L ` C * CUT Z-^oc*^ < \0 r VJ'.fV ) F' fAf/; (;.=. :J'jLJZ ci-nTfW ; r^cy-'- K^cwi--. * t>i fTVW S'/lof2 Au Q IS2 54 ECU Chart #54 55 ECU Tim 56 ECU Sketch #56 57 MCU Tim 58 ECU Sketch #58 59 ECU Sketch #59 They involve the handling of compressed gas cylinders and the use of compressed air for cleaning purposes. Let's look first at what the requirements are with respect to compressed gas cylinders. They're a common item found throughout most plants, and if they're not treated properly they have the potential of doing real harm to both people and equipment. For example, there was an actual case where a cylinder was knocked over.and here's what happened -- It's value broke and it acted like a missile, even breaking through a brick wall before it came to rest. Fortunately, no one was injured. Not all cases have had such a happy ending. There have been many cases reported of injuries and even death due to improper handling of cylinders. Because accidents like this can happen, there are a number of rules concerning-the handling of cylinders which should be followed -- - Gas cylinders must be transported in a vertical position, firmly secured with the protective caps in place. - Gas cylinders must also be stored in a vertical position, again firmly secured, with protective caps in place. G--11 SAL 0C0C2C733 1 *'cd t'W No \}iX BR-102 ----------------- _ /Wt * 3C - "Safety at Exxon*1 - (Machine Guarding "" and other1,) _____ Dfyl'fc- 11/25/74 _ CY JWWAjJW^ ice- iot- I Cf\<yAft j j. i ri>/s u-f'r<2.iJ . ` C - cut , | (tto * ! aupi^ ' vJr vi'.f't j F ? 5 ; 3> * ViC'TA'J`+ f^or) _________________________ 60 ECU Sketch #60 - Oxygen cylinders must be stored at least 20 feet (Point) from cylinders containing combustible gases (Pause 2 seconds.) 60A ECU C Sektch #60A or they can be separated by a wall at least 5 feet high (point) with a fire resistance rating of at least 1/2 hour (Pause 2 seconds) 61 A ECU C Sketch #61 -Cylinders should be clearly marked with the name of the gas. (pause 2 seconds) 62 ECU C Tim -Empty cylinders should be handled in the same manner as full ones. By following this rule, you can never make the mistake of assuming that a cylinder is empty when it is actually full. or partially full. Handle all cylinders carefully. Don't drop them and don't handle them with a magnet or sling. 63 ECU Sketch #63 Use a cradle or similar type of handling device as shown in this sketch which secures the cylinders at both the top (wait) and at the bottom. (Pause 3 sec.) 64 ECU Sketch #64 Don't position cylinders where they would be a part of the arc welding circuit (Pause 2 sec.) And keep cylinders away from excessive heat. 65 MCU Tim Even though a cylinder is a simple device, it h&6 the potential of seriously injuring someone if it is not properly handled. Therefore, you should be certain that the rules are understood and followed. 36 ECU Sketch #66 Now, what about the use of compressed air for cleaning purposes - what are the requirements for that operation. 67 ECU Sketch #67 Compressed air used for cleaning purposes must be lesB than 30 pounds per square inch at the nozzle. Also required is the use of an effective "chip-guarding" technique. G-12 SAL 00 002 073 9 BR--102 S 3C - "Safety at Exxon" - (Machine Guarding and other") V' Sc/<\? .. 11/25/74 flY JWW/GJW Cfi.'t- *T .H (-'ff!f- '% Vi Cj x Ztc.o < J 'Z \i IO^ C - Cu/T`, /-/.col^ ' vj ) P- "IX 'ItS.'.jL/ cuofW Ia<>iv*v ; CPS' t> if-TV. */<-<- 5"//of ) ' - -----------------------------2------------ AU O 1^ 68 B ECU c Tim 69 ECU Sketch #69 70 MCU Tim 71 ECU Sketch #71 72 ECU Chart 73 B ECU C Tim This requirement has been relatively simple to meet, because there are a number of nozzles on the market vhich reduce the normal 90 to 125 pounds of line pressure to 30 pounds pressure - at the nozzle. (Wait) One manufacturer uses the air, like this (wait) to form an air cone which serves as the chip guard. One problem which can be encountered is the worker who is not satisfied with the cleaning job done at 30 pounds pressure. So he switches back to his old nozzle, or he tampers with the new one in an attempt to increase the air pressure. You must be alert to correct a situation like this, (Pause 2 seconds) and explain the dangers of using high pressure air for cleaning. Well, that completes the discussion of the most common violations in all of the four categories you see here. The workplace., electrical, machineguarding and "other". These account for just a small portion of the total 0SHA picture. Most of these OSHA requirements, plus many more we don't have' time to talk about in this program, have been worked into engineering standards, safety regulations and unit audit lists. As significant changes are made in the future they'll be communicated to you through your supervisor or your safety department. G-13 SAL OGOnZf'-K 1*1020000 TVS VI-3 alqassBooapXA 50 pua (spuooas oi - ofSHH) (oSox QS3) paxdoo ag oj, qof; VS-fl `XuBdmoo uoxxg }o Xqaadoag :81# PTTS '' (spuooss op - opsnH) *vs*n `XuBdmoo uoxxg `Xaaupjag a8nog uoqBg qdag quanidoxsAaQ puB Suxutbxi - Xq paonpoxd 11# 3PITS 'safxoSaqBo Mxaqqo,, p.uB ^SuppxBno aufMOBH,, tpoq aaAoo XTTA `^ooq^xort xnoX up q *oj{ aapoxaxa ao3 wou aniTq s4qi mxi Xbb noX sb op qou op jpas-inoX noX qaqq aas Xaqq jj - Xbs noX sb op qtuOA saaXoxdma xnoX aaqtnauiag axduiBxa psq b qas oq qou jospAxadne aqq xoj quBqxodmx axqnoP S,3T `XqajBB 30 Baas aqq uj *axduiBxa pooS B qas oq aoapAaadna b aoj quaqaodinx sXbjixb s4qj 51# qjnqo nos n33 fl33 now HD3 81 11 91 51 pus *aaxn:i raaqq aoaojua oq aou^ oq noX aoj quBqaodoif Xxqnop qi sa-^am s-f\n *uto aqq, qou `uopqFqpD aqq aqaS XuBdmoo aqq `egupqq asaqq op "qou saop aq jf * xaAaAOg *sb3jb aspou q8pq UT saoTAap aApqoaqoad JB3 pue *83886x3 Xqajes *qsq paaq b 3uxa*3f\ sb qons `Xqa^BS a^q aoj s3apqq upBqaao op oq aaXoxduia aqq aapnbaa suo-pqBxn8aa VHS0 5 Xubh *^ao VHS0 3up^Bta up ubto Xa^ b aas noX `aospAaadns b sv II now VI __________ _________________________________^ i o o y \ ^90^ j f I f f TTtfS -nc^P) '<1 * 3 ^ .qy{\ >fOv r pT.^Jonq 3V|Jy'l-1--} > I Jj A-crXi C ^d f ^ ' VtC0^'T Xno , W37mr~ C(lX0qqo PUB vi/sz/iTTM' ' ! 1 "3rrppa^Tig-^aT^o6wr - MTtoSa"'qB AqajeSu i-'dT` J^\v^ vcg >iflVi?:Ji, "'TPVf} ' -.->^00^ ZQX~m ' C^J c|0 pOj^ MODULE No. BR-IOZ SEGMENT4A-Mllea1th at Exxon (Occupational Disease) TITLE--------VJR SCRIPT-PAGE OSHA. Exxon and You OF DATE - 1/14/zs BY__ ESttZJHw/Gju SCENE -fih/tseo V/7/75 TECHNIQUE: Ocut; Z-zOOrrt; W-wipe; F-fade (or dissolve) SHOT: ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium closeup; DS-distance shot CAMERA or F.C. * VIDEO AUDIO ECU Exxon loqo (Alone) ECU ''presents'1 (super) ECU Module BR-102 OSHA, Exxon and You" (super) ECU Segment No. 4 "Health at Exxon" Part A "Occupational Disease" (super) MCU Tim ECU Chart #6 Music (5 seconds) Music (3 seconds) Music (5 seconds) Music (10 seconds) For years, supervisors at Exxon have been attending programs about Safety. However* those programs have emphasized the "accident" and "injury" aspects of Industrial safety. In this seament we're aolna to concentrate on occupational "health". Exxon had an excellent industrial hyolene and medical proaram lonq before OSHA was made law. However, occupational health has been an area that, for the most part, has been left to the Industrial Hvaienist - the Medical Staff or the Safety Advisor. H-1 SAL 000020742 MODULE No. _____ UR-102_____________ ^-"Health at Exxon (Occupational Disease) y|J| p _______ _OSHA, Exxon and You_____________________________ __________. _______ VTR SCRIPT--PAGE _JL_OFDATE _LUi/Z_ BY _ esv/Jwh/gju SCENE .' TECHNIQUE: C-cut; Z-zOOm; W-wips; F-fade (or dissolve) (" SHOT: ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium closeup; DS-distance shot flCAMERA or F.C. * Ifc. VIDEO AUDIO 7 C MCI 3 Tim In this program, you're qolna to learn that you, as a supervisor, can do a lot, without the use of complicated testina eauinment, to detect workino conditions which could be harmful to you or your employees. 8 C ECU J Chart 8 That's rlqht, by uslnq your eyesight, your hearinq, your sense of smell - and especially your common sense - you can go a lono way toward detectina situations which could be a danger to you and your fellow employees Pause. ECU 10 MCU 11 ECU Tim Tim Chart #11 T\ Industrial hygienists, doctors, and other trained professionals are an absolute "must" In any nrooram for the control of occuoational diseases. But,they should spend their time primarily on the jobs which call for the kind of skill and competence that they have, and not on an activity that you, the supervisor, can handle just as well. But, don't forqet that the health professionals are always available to help you. They're no further away than a phone call, no matter where you work In Exxon. _ j H-2 '\ 0000?_074 SAL 1- MODULE No. ER-1Q2 TITLE______ vtr script--page SEGMENT4A-"Health at Exxon (Occupational Disease) OSHA. Exxon and You .OF DATE -V14/75 BY -- FSY/JWW/GJW SCENE ECKNIQUE: C-cut; Z-zOOm; W-wipe; F-fade (or dissolve) SHOT: ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium closeup; DS-distance shot CAMERA or F.C. VIDEO AUDIO 12 ECU Chart #12 13 Sli deECUn Off Chart #13 14 lid* ECUl Off ChArt #14 15 lidfc Off Chart #15 16 MCU Tim In this proqram, we'll first of all, talk about the main "Troublenakers" - the thlnos that can cause occupational diseases or chemical injury. t Then, we'll explain how these troublemakers can be contacted by you or your employees if you don't follow the practices which are specified for workinq with these materials. Followinq that, we'll describe what the results can be If you, or your employees, should become the victim of an occupational disease or Injury. Next, we'll talk about some peculiarities of occupational diseases, and why they're tough to deal with. Finally, we'll also .talk about what you, the supervisor, can do to find and control the causes of occupational disease- to reduce the possibility of havinq them "get to you," or to your employees. H-3 SAL ocoo: 07 A 4 MODULE No. _____ BR-10& ^rfiMFN}J4A-HUealth at Exxon (Occupational Disease) TITLE -- ------------ ----------- OSHA, Exxon and You I I VTR SCRIPT-PAGE__ OFDATE _ i/i4/?b _ BY__ ESY/Juw/Gjw J SCENE TECHNIQUE: C-cut; Z-z00m; W-wipe; F-fade (or dissolve) SHOT: ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium closeup; DS-distance shot CAMERA or F.C. VIDEO AUDIO 17 ECU Chart #17 The so-called troublemakers which can cause health problems are - (slowly) noise, heat and cold, vibration., radiation, dust, fumes, mists, vapors, oases and liquids. 18 ECU Sketch #18 Two aspects of noise are Important - how loud it is, which is usually measured In decibels and Its duration - that is, how long the noise lasts.(PAUSE^) f J i 19 ECU 20 ECU 21 MCU 22 ECU Sketch #19 Sketch #20 Tim Sketch #22 Heat and cold, the next troublemakers can cause health problems because there Is an upper and lower temperature limit beyond which the body bealns to suffer damaoe. The next troublemaker Is vibration, which can ranne from the slow vibrations which you have with a relatively slow-oneratino reciprocatlnn pump.-- -- all the way to relatively rapid vibrations, like those associated witt the operation of a \ j1 *I pneumatic jack banner, or Impact wrench. . The next item is Radiate - It is also known I | by some more comnonly known terms like x-rays, ultraviolet rays, infrawdi rays, gamma and cosmic rays. ~ t \ iH-4 t \ sal OCGC2074 MODULE No. _____ Sfc.lfl2- TITLE.__ ___ ___________ VTR SCRIPT-PAGE___ t SFCMFh|T4A-,`Health at Exxon (Occupational Disease) OSUA. Exxon and You____________ OFDATE -U-M77.&- BY__ rev/am/ww SCENE TECHNIQUE: C-cut; Z-z00m; W-wipe; F-fade (or dissolve) SHOT: ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium cioseup; DS-distance shot CAMERA or F.C. LJ VIDEO- AUDIO 23 CU Tim As you know, the ultraviolet radiation from the sun can severely burn your skin unless you take steps to shield yourself from It. 24 ECU Tim In an Industrial atmosphere, ultraviolet and Infrared rays from weldina can cause painful eye Irritation if proper precautions are not taken. 25 ECU Sketch #25 Now, let's talk about Dust -- what 1s_ it? (Pause) It's particles of any solid material which are so small that they can become airborne. 26 ECU Tim The wood and paint particles which you net when you sand an old piece of furniture are .a good example. One of the more serious dust problems is asbestos dust.- It's one that Exxon and OSHA are very much concerned about. \ \ 27 ECU Sketch 27 Another item on the list of troublemakers is fumes. Funes are a collection of tiny droolets of metal, resultinq from heatina or bumlna of metals. An example of this would be the fumes which are aiven off when lead is heated. These funes are especially dangerous. -j H-5 i V SAL 0CG02C3746 MODULE No. BR-TOg SFflMFNT4A-wHealth at Exxon (Occupational Disease' TITLE OSHft, Exxon and fou VTR SCRIPT-PAGE__ _OF DATE . 1/14/7$ BY fsv/jhw/gjw SCENE TECHNIQUE: C-cut; Z-z00m; W-wipe; F-fade (or dissolve) SHOT: ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium closeup; DS-distance shot CAMERA or F.C. VIDEO AUDIO 28 ECU 29 ECU 30 ECU 31 ECU 32 ECU 33 ECU Sketch #28 Tim Sketch #30 Sketch #31 Sketch #32 Tim Mists are tiny liquid droplets which are suspended, and drift around in the air. Fan, which all of you are familiar with. Is a mist * of water. Under the riqht conditions, any liquid, Includinq some which are pretty dangerous, can be broken up into tiny droplets, and become a mist which can cover a wide area. Vapors are simply liquids which, throuah evaporation or boiling, have been changed into a gas. The vapors which come out of your oas tank when you remove the cap are one example. Another is the steam you get when you boll water. . Gases are next on the list of troublemakers. Well known examples are carbon monoxide, oxygen, nitrogen, and the air itself. Now, let's discuss liquids. They can be a safety problem If they aet sprayed, or splashed or spilled on an employee. They can cause almost instant injury, but these injuries, such as acid burns, are not considered an occupational disease. Rather, they are termed accidents. H-6 F _ SAL 000C2C747 MODULE No. -BRrJQ2 title. VTR SCRIPT-PAGE SEGMENTSHealth at Exxon (Occupational Oisease) OSHA, Exxon and You .OF DATE -IZ.14/7S BY _esv/jww/gjh SCENE TECHNIQUE: C-cut; Z-z00m; W-wipe; F-fade (or dissolve) SHOT: ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium closeup; DS-distance shot --iCAMERA or F_ .C. I VIDEO AUDIO 34 HCU Tim The health hazard associated with some liquids usually results from repeated exposure In other words, a small exposure to some liquids - repeated over and over aaain, even thouqh they don't cause an imnediate reaction can cause serious occupational diseases. 35 ECU Chart #35 Remember thouqh that these troublemakers the ones you see listed here, can cause injury or disease only if they find some way to enter the body. And, here's how they can. 36 ECU XL Chart #36 All of the troublemakers, except noise, are contacted either by breathing them, by absorbing them through the skin, or by inqestinq them alonq with somethinq we eat, drink or smoke. 37 ECU Sketch #37 The contact of "breathing" is extremely critical. It's the priirary contact for most of the troublemakers we mentioned earlier - dust, fumes, mists, vapors, and gases, which may be suspended in the air we breathe. 38 MCU Tim You've qot to keep in mind that the Tunas are very sensitive oraans and are very easily injured. H-7 SAL 000020748 MODULE No. DR-102 ^FnMFNT4A-,tHealth at Exxon (Occupational Disease] TITLE. OSKA, Exxon and You VTR SCR! PT--PAGE_ _ _ __ OF DATE J/JA/Zl. BY__ jFSY/JVM/GQw. SCENE ECHNIQUE: C-cut; Z-zOOm; W-wipe; F-fade (or dissolve) SHOJ: ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium closeup; DS-distance shot CAMERA or F.C. ' VIDEO AUDIO 39 ECU Tim 40 ECU Sketch #40 41 ECU Sketch #41 42 ECU Tim Further, they very quickly pass hazardous materials into the bloodstream. Therefore, as far as occupational diseases are concerned, breathinq is definitely the most important contact. The contact of absorption includes not only contact with the hands,although that is quite common, but also includes contact with all other parts of the body, such as the eyes, the mouth and unprotected parts of the head, face, neck and arms. Normally the skin acts as a barrier to protect the inside of our bodies from the harmful effects of many materials. Sometimes - while It's protectina our bodies - the skin Itself can be seriously injured by corrosive chemicals, dusts, or excessive heat. However, there are some materials, such as tetraethyl lead and phenol, that can pass directly through the skin and be absorbed into the body. H-8 imm -r SAL OC0C20749 MODULE Mo. _____ PR-10?_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ _ FftMENT4A-"Health at Exxon (Occupational Disease) TITLE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ osma, Exxon and You______________________ ;___________ ________ VTR SCRIPT-PAGE___ !L.OF__ __ DATE -\mn$ _ BY - fsv/jvm/gow SCENE TECHNIQUE: C-cut; Z-z00m; W-wipe; F-fade (or dissolve) [ I SHOTT ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium closeup; DS-distance shot CAMERA or F.C. T~l VIDEO. x AUDIO 43 c ECU Sketch #43 Ingestion or swallowlna, by eatina, drlnkinc or smokinq, can be a definite source of contact If conditions in the area where your employees eat, smoke, or where their food Is prepared, happens to be contaminated. . 44 ECU Tim That's why sanitation and protection from contamination are so important in areas where potentially dangerous metals like lead and mercury are Handled, .. 45 ECU Sketch #45 Now* to the contact .of hearing - Normally you don't think of hearlnq as a contact, but from an industrial hygiene standpoint it 1s^. - . *.i;. 46 ECU Sketch #46 You .all..know that an .extremely loud noise, such, as you experience when you shoot a shotgun, can hurt your ears. The rinalna that you hear after a loud report is a warnina sign that you may be damaaina your hearinq. With extremely loud noises, hearing can be permanently damaaed with only one or two experiences. 47 ECU Tim Less Intense'noise levels can cause hearina loss, too - if the noise is high enough, and Is continuous, or exists for a significant portion of the work period. H-g pm upp *yvf - IWW i1 SAL 0000207 MODULE No. m-m A-"Health at Exxon (Occupational Disease) TITLE. OSHA, Exxon and You VTR script-page__ 1__ OF DATE v 14/7S BY . fsv/JWGJu SCENE ECHNIQUE: C-cut; Z-zOOm; W-wipe; F-fade (or dissolve) SHOT: ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium closeup; DS-distance shot CAMERA or F.C. VIDEO AUDIO 48 ECU Sketch #48 749 C ECU 49A ECU 50 ECU Sketch 49A Sketch #50 Examples of this kind of potential noise problem are compressors - blowers - larae motors - furnaces - vents - and the like. The hearinq loss may be more subtle for these lower-intensity, lonaer-duration noises and you may not realize what's happenina until the Medical Department runs a routine audioaram, or.. the wife asks (Pause) - "Good grief are you deaf? But subtle or not, the fact is that the loss of hearing is just as real - just as permanent, as If the loss occurred from a sinale, terrifically-loud explosion - (pause for transition) 51 MCU Tim So much for the troublemakers which cause industrial health problems; and how they can be contacted -- Now we'll tell you what some of the results can be when you oet exposed. 52 ECU Chart #52 To keep it simple, we've boiled the list of results down to the six you see here -(slowly) discomfort - inefficiency, sickness, disability, aging and death. . ....... . H-10 SAL 000020751 MODULE No. BR-1Q2 ^FfiMFKrMA-11 Health at Exxon (Occupational Disease) TITLE. 05HA. Exxon and You vtr script--PAGE__ U__ OF DATE 1/14/75 BY . ... FSV/JWW/6JW SCENE - ' TECHNIQUE: C-cut; Z-zOOm; W-wipe; F-fade (or dissolve) SHOT: ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium closeup; DS-distance shot CAMERA or F.C. ' VIDEO AUDIO 53 ECU Chart #53 f 54 k MCU Tim Examples of discomfort would be the headache you pet when you're around too much noise -- or the watery, burninq of your eyes when you pet Into a mild toncentration of some oas which causes these problems. None of these discomfort problems, or a dozen others like them that you could think of yourself - are really all that serious, but they're still somethlna to avoid. 55 ECU Sketch #55 Inefficiency results,for example, when an employee has to leave the job for medical treatment, like havlna his eyes washed out, or to pet medication for a nose Irritation. 56 MCU + ECU Tim Inefficiency can last for several days, or even weeks, and it's a real problem, even thouqh it may never cause an employee to stay home from work. 57 ECU Tim When we feel rotten and run down, as we often do when we're about to aet sick, we just can't do our best work. H-ll mrn OC0O2C752 MODULE No. im-102 SFGMFMT4A-MHeaHh at Exxon (Occupational Disease) TITLE. QSHA, Exxon and You VTR SCRIPT-PAGE__ ll_OF DATE .vwffi- BY - - Ffv/jviw/GJw SCENE TECHNIQUE: C-cut; Z-z00m; W-wipe; F-fade (or dissolve) SHOT: ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium closeup; DS-distance shot CAMERA or F.C. J VIDEO AUDIO 58 ECU Sketch #58 Sickness, the third result on our list, not only involves pain and sufferinq, - but most likely will cause the employee to lose time. Fortunately, most of the time the sickness is of short duration and after a few days the employee qets.back to work. This is not always true, however - 59 ECU ^ Sketch #59. Disability, the fourth result of occupational .disease, often involves not only more pain and sufferinq than a simple sickness, but it .can.also.involve a.lot.more-lost tirae.-.- 60 ECU Tim . Jjnploye.es can .become jo .disabled from Tuner *' ' .diseases,.kidney disorders, or-.even deafness, that sometimes they're not able to do their jobs. . _ ... : 61 ECU Chart #61 Aging, the fifth result of beinq exposed to hazardous health conditions, really means premature aging. In other words, exposure to certain environments over an extended period can cause an employee to grow old - long before his time. > \ i i 1 1 A 1 i H-12 SAL 0C002C753 MODULE No* iBim S EG MEN! 4A-,,HeaHh at Exxon (Occupational Disease; TITLE. OSHA, Exxon and You VTR SCRIPT--PAGE _J3_OFDATE BY FSVAmw/gju SCENE TECHNIQUE: C-cut; Z-zOOm; W-wipe; F-fade (or dissolve) SHOT: ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium closeup; DS-distance shot CAMERA or F.C. I VIDEO AUDIO 62 ECU MCU Tim This premature aainq can show up in the oeneral condition of his health - that is, the way he feels, and in his 'absenteeism record. 63 MCU Tim Most importantly, however, aging can be the cause of premature disability. This can mean the loss of job and Income,resulting in hardship to the employee and his family. 64 ECU Sketch #64 Finally, death can result from exposure to some serious health hazard. This can hanpen instantly - as In the case of an accidental exposure to hiqh concentrations of toxic oases, like hydroqen sulfide, or death can come later, as in the case of a fatal luna disease, or a terminal case of cancer. 65 ECU Chart #65 (like #52) With this wide range of consequences that can be caused by industrial health hazards -- all the way from simnle discomfort, to death, it should be clear that the prevention of occupational disease and related health problems is an important part of your job. H-l3 . . m SAL 0Q0020754 MODULE No. ER-102 TITLE VTR SCR! PT---PAGE Ji <\FnMFMT4A-,>Health at Exxon (Occupational Disease] 1 OSHA, Exxon and You .OF DATE -l/MZZS- BY FSv/Jwvi/GJ SCENE TECHN1QUE: C-cut; Z-zOOm; W-wipe; F-fade (or dissolve) SHOT: ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium closeup; DS-distance shot CAMERA or F.C. ` ________ VIDEO AUDIO 66 MCU Tim There are a few peculiarities of occupational diseases that we need to mention. What 1j>_ it about an "occupational" disease that makes 1_t different from a'standard, run-of-the-mill disease that has_ no connection at all with your occupation? - How Is it different from the inmediate Injuries resultlnq from a sinqle exposure to certain chemicals? - 67 ECU Chart #67 To begin with, most occupational diseases are slow to develop. They keep qettinq worse, all riqht - 68 ECU Sketch #68 - but they do it so qradually and with such small changes from day to day, that It may be years before they qet bad enouqh for the employee, or his doctor, to realize what's really happeninq. ; 69 MCU Tim This is not surprising because most occupational diseases'are usually caused by small, repeated exposures over a Iona period of time. 70 ECU Chart #70 An occupational disease can be "latent" or "dormant11 so that it may appear months, or years, after the worker has left the exposure. H-14 000207*55 SAL u MODULE No. -ftRr.102 <sFfiMFNT4A-,,Hea1th at Exxon (Occupational Disease) TITLE. OSHA, Exxon and You VTR SCRIPT-PAGE J.5., .OF DATE -17.14/75.. BY . FSV/OWVVWW SCENE ECHNIQUE: C-cut; Z-z00m; W-wipe; F-fade (or dissolve) SHOT: ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium closeup; DS-distance shot CAMERA or F.C. I VIDEO AUDIO 71 ECU 72 ECU 73 ECU 74 MCU * ECU 75 ECU Sketch #71 Chart #72 Sketch #73 Tim Chart #75 For example, take benzene poisoning, which can comes from repeated exposures to oenzene. It affects the ability of the bone marrow to aenerate new blood cells for your body. Sometimes it's years after the employee has been exposed before evidence of the disease shows up in a physical- examination. This next peculiarity is labelled "similar symptoms", and here's what that means. The symptoms of some occupational diseases are very similar to the symptoms of some non-occupational diseases. In fact, they can look so much alike that even doctors sometimes have trouble tellinq them apart. For Instance, people sometimes show up with what appears to be nothina but a bad cold or the flu with chills, fever and headache - when, in reality, they're sufferinq from an ailment known as "metal fume fever". This is caused by inhaling fumes that come from heatinq metals like monel, chrome or zinc. H-15 Sometimes, occupational diseases are just plain hard to recognize, particularly in their early staqes. You can have the beqinnlng of a disease for some time, and not really know it - W " 1? SAL 00Q02C756 MODULE No. 3R.-1Q? 5>FOMFMT^A-"Hea1tli at Exxon (Occupational Disease TITLE. OSKA. Exxon and You VTR SCRIPT-PAGE___ !L_OF DATE -U.mzs_. BY _esyaimw/gju SCENE TECHNIQUE: C-cut; Z-zOOm; W-wipe; F-fade (or dissolve) SHOT: ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium closeup; DS-distance shot CAMERA or F.C. I VIDEO AUDIO 76 ECU Sketch #76 - and maybe even a doctor would have trouble detecting the small chanqes that have taken place in the body. Even x-rays and other conventional examintion techniques can't always detect the slight, but important changes in the body or Its functions. 77 ECU Tim One of the main reasons for this peculiarity goes back to the three others that we've already mentioned - that occupational diseases are slow to develop, they're latent {or dormant), and they resemble other diseases. 78 ECU Chart #78 Finally, and unfortunately, most occupational diseases are irreversible. 79 ECU 80 ECU * MCU Sketch #79 Tim Whatever damage has been done prior to discovery of the disease cannot be corrected. Often, the best you can hope for Is to keep It from gettinq any worse. The Irreversible nature of occupational diseases shows up in such disorders as loss of hearing, which can never be recovered, and in diseases which damaae the lungs and their ability to absorb the oxyqen needed by your body^ And in kidney diseases which decrease the body's ability to dispose of wastes. H-16 mm? SAL GC0f3C7S7 MODULE No. BR-102 ^FfiMFMT4A-"Health at Exxon (Occupational Diseas-: TITLE. OSHA, Exxon and You VTR SCRIPT-PAGE___ll_OF DATE 1/14/75- BY _FSZJyW/GJW SCENE TECHNIQUE: C-cut; Z-zOOm; W-wipe; F-fade (or dissolve) SHOT: ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium closeup; DS-distance shot CAMERA or F.C. _______________ VIDEO AUDIO 81 MCU Tim 82 ECU Chart #82 83 ECU Chart #83 84 ECU Chart #84 85 ECU Chart #85 86 ECU 87 ECU Chart #86 Chart #87 Now, when you have occupational diseases that are slow, in the way they develop, - that are sometimes hard for even doctors to recognize, and - worst of all - that cannot be reversed once the damage has started --.then you have a problem that everybody needs to work on-- and here's what you, as a supervisor, can do. You should concentrate on prevention. Do everything you can to keep people from every getting occupational diseases in the first place. All of these diseases can be prevented. Here's how r First, study your safety standards. We repeat - study your safety standards. Second, read the labels on-materials that you or your employees use. Third, be watchful for unusual dust, or vapor clouds. Fourth, be alert for strong odors. (Pause) H-17 Fifth, be aware of anythinq in the atmosphere that is out-ouf-the-ordinary that causes burning eyes or throat, or Irritation of the skin. `i * Li w SAL 0C002C758 SAL OC 002 0 7 5 9 . --A .. MODULE No. UR-102 TITLE. VTR SCRIPT-PAGE TM SEGMENTSHealth at Exxon (Occupational Disease) OSHA, Exxon and You OF DATE -UJ4/7S . BY _ _FSV/JMH/GJM SCENE TECHNIQUE: C-cut; Z-zOOm; W-wipe; F-fade (or dissolve) SHOT: ECU-extreme closeup; MCU-medium closeup; DS-distance shot CAMERA or F.C. I VIDEO AUDIO 92 ECU "Produced By: 93 ECU "Property of Exxon Company, U.S.A. Not To Be Copied" (Music - 10 seconds) (Music - 5 seconds 94 ECU (Music - 5 seconds) H-19 -3PP ' 000C2C7 AQ SAL Module. No* 4B - "Health at Exxon11 - Specific Hazards rrx ScCijC- J1 ha * ct* 2 23 12-1Q-74 CY FSV/JWW/GJW fa*. ^C'ri'rl^phb 5c.CrJ.* C - CUT ; 2-^^.oon j yJ ' Vj'.f C * F - ffci H j (tu * cLaitu? >aw* lAtfliwt* * ptc-f/vu. s'rfer ) I ( .1 . s_ v/ \il06o | A "V AU C> l^> $\<z-j ls ^ MCU Tim As you just saw, Part "B", this second part of segment No. 4 on "Health at Exxon" is about specific health hazards. As pointed out in Part "A", the first part, occupational diseases are slow to develop. It's more or less like getting poisoned - just a little bit each day, so little in fact, that changes in the condition of an afflicted employee's health, from day to day, or even from month to month, are often not even recognizable. Probably the worst part of it * is that many of the conditions which cause these health problems are also difficult to detect. ECU Chart tt 3 That's why we think it's important to describe for you some of the occupational diseases, as well as some of the chemical injuries that you can get from the ten so-called bad actors that we've selected to tell you about ECU Tim There's no doubt about the fact that this information will make you have more respect for the hazardous materials that you and your employees have to deal with. It will also make you better appreciate the need for following - to the letter- every instruction you get from the Company's medical and safety special ists concerning these health hazards. MCU Tim We believe that we used a practical, sensible basis for deciding what materials we would tell you about. Here's how we did it -- 1-2 AL 0C0C2C7A1 f^locMe No- _ * 1 l L--C. 41 - ''llalth at Exxon" - Specific Hazards ^ Pad-L i of- 23 12-10-74 By FSV/JWW/GJW .Sc*j- ~Jft>>\ ^C'rW^-jjJ'To C - Ct/T 2L~2.k\ * \J - W'.f( F- fAi* (.>.*. I A<Mwvr/5fi. . ClVAC/fo^^^ J _ (f.<LO * * jLT^Ci^ Lo6vfi t*IV'- M<ow^v Cloj-// / ; 3>g y friC^T/WU. sy/or ^ \J ID A\J C> -2 ECU Chart // -2 Music (5 Seconds) Exxon Logo -1 ECU Slide # -1 Music (3 Seconds) (Presents) (Suspended over background from Camera B) ECU Module Title Music (5 Seconds) (Suspended over background from Camera B) ECU Slide # 1 Music (10 Seconds) (Suspended over background from Camera B) v :/ 1-1 SAL 00002C762 j ' (0 (4 0 \ C 1 * . BR-102 ^5 C-Cs l \ Wf 4B - "Health at Exxon11 - Specific Hazards VI^ Se/<Ji? [ - fl\(!(. y of- g3 "SiesU--. i2~io-74fly fsv/jww/gjw |M0<3 0 (NO * . BR-102 J> t`-6M t-M \ 4b - Heaitn at fcxxon' - specmc nazaros /\ ^Aij-v5 ____23__ 12-10-74 (?Y fsv/jww/gjw Sca,c- T*HNt#4 ft*. -t j ^:j/ ,0^-_ -> (CcO * V \| O cur Z=-z=>^ *v3' vJ'.Pf : P * ru7L~.< Ci-jxgt-jf ^ ^^ |AL^ -- lAt6:y^ 'CX<iff-tf/ ` /V ; 'T>g VJ ;' " * < p)C-7/,/-H-t- < * V..-- ry/'flf ^ - Au Q ECU v C Chart // 6 -- We looked very carefully at a long list of potential troublemakers, and we asked these two questions about each one. ECU Chart // 7 First, what are the chances of the average Exxon supervisor running into this chemical or material in his work situation? ECU w Chart // 8 -- and, second, what are the consequences to an employee of breathing or being splashed, sprayed, or otherwise contacted by the chemical or substance? The ten items we did select to tell you about all came up with the right answers - or maybe the wrong answers, depending upon how you look at it -- ECU Chart tt 9 That is, the chances are good that all of you will 7; run across most of these hazardous materials in some part of your operations, and the consequences of being over exposed to most of them are likely to be quite serious. 10 MCU Tim 1-3 Now it's quite possible that you may have a potential occupational health hazard of some kind in your plant that's not on our list. If so, it's because there are many chemicals and other potential hazards that are not common to the entire Exxon circuit. To cover such a situation, your instructor has been asked to get for you, the same kind of information about that particular hazard, as the kinds we're giving to you about the ten items which are on our list. The ten so-called bad actors fall into four logical groups, as you see here. SAL 0000.20 764 Hoc! ty\e. . BR-102 E6-M 4B - "Health ac Exxon" - Specific Hazards vj"TX _ /Wi /,, ol1 23 DfyfC 12-10-74 BY FSV/JWW/GJW Sc.tO. j H^$3 ^ foX Ti___ I \i i o t>'.r<'r>^ulfo C'C.UT . X=-Zoo^ ' vO - Vl-Pf t P ^ VaI* (/>._ 5 tSssiy- CLa<jfi J MW<- JA^Hiks ClwCVi-t// * 3> ? plfOWU. 5~//of ^ Au O l ^ 20 ECU Chart # 20 Long-term excessive exposure has been known to produc "asbestosis", which is a permanent scarring of the lungs.| In recent years asbestos has been indited r*as a cause of "mesothelioma11. which is a type of cancer of the lining jaf the qhest wall. / - /*4ss /&(*U4' f'-f rS - y'-.i J 4-y Z~ M4 s-s'Sns'- -- s f: ` */ 22 MCU Tim (3 Since cancer of any kind is strictly bad news, this makes breathing excessive asbestos dust something '4 definitely to avoid.| One very practical tip to remember about asbestos is that if any dust at all. is visible in the air, then you may have a problem that needs to be investigated and corrected. 23 ECU Chart II 23 Asbestos fibers, like all of the other nine hazards s' I TLV, or on our list, have what is referred to as a threshold limit value. This represents the amount of asbestos fibers , or other hazardous material, that an employee can safely contact, in the air around where he works, on the average, over an 8-hour period for 5 days per week over an average working life time 24 ECU Cha :t # 24 For example, the TLV for asbestos is 3 fibers, each longer than 5 microns, for every cubic centimeter of air. This number, or any TLV, is not a sharp dividin line between safe and unsafe conditions, but represer. a point at which protective measures may need to be applied. 25 MCU Tim Since many factors may affect the real importance of the TLV, only qualified persons - such as industrial hygienists or safety specialists - should make decis-r ions based on these values. SAL 0C0C20765 j' tb^ U | Ql | NO - . BK-KJ2 J> (:6 M I___413 - "Health at Exxon" - Specific Hazards___ N/i. . Pl\6i. S of- 23 3>/yfr-___12-10-74 fly fsv/jww/gjw SCC 1 r.cH 1-UiJ ' c' - C.U-X Z v3 - ; vJ'.ff- P* tzu (-.* :>`V^ jSUof- 1 _V ffltU < *1/U t\ CLoffy/* > CV.o^-1// ; 5S * N/ \J 1 o a o AO 9 1^ 5V/nO 29 ECU Chart # 29 Lead poisoning is characterized by gastro-intestinal disorders, anemia, weakness, and even brain damage. Since the fumes and dusts of lead are not always / jLs/fC&rtAJL /> i */ Z^) -> A C -t 1-8 SAL 0CQC2C767 j {^ ~ l t " _L . u-o i'-\ ` Hu - Deaii.ii al Lxxon - apec_i_r_ic_ .Hazards \JT7l Sc/<;i?'[ - _J3_ 12-10-74______(ty FSV/JWW/GJW >cC ijC. CfV-\c/to i Tfcc V* von .>f-i' C c cut) 2-v_cc^ < v-J - vJ'-.Pi ; F ^ Odt (-.a ? (flco * Cl-nTfuj0 lAty-- i/fc-.uf. ao^..^/ ; 3>S t>ir/|fr) \l [O^c, AU O 25 CONT'D. There are also ceiling values, or maximum values for some chemicals, dusts and fumes that should not be exceeded for even short periods of time. From time to time, the industrial hygienist may be checkin for these values, also. 26 ECU Chart it 26 Ntrer^welxe going to spend--eomtr~time--desciibiug hov? yon_'Currtct--these--fcn-bad --act-oxe-?--end- the 'consequence ^oj^3brig_~5ei. Let's move on to the second item on our list, which is lead. 27 ECU Tim (p Lead can cause a problem either when you swallow it, or when you inhale it. In industry, lead is more likely to be inhaled than swallowed. Lead metal, alloys, coalings and paints are all widely used in industry for such purposes as the lining of 2cid systems, for corrosion prevention. '728 ECU Chart # 28 When lead is heated above its boiling point of 1613 degrees Centigrade, it may condense as a fine particle, or fume. When this fume is inhaled, it's absorbed into the body, causing lead poisioning. 28a MCU Tim .4 ,A Finely divided lead, as a dust, can also be taken into the lungs, and that, too, can result in lead poisoning. Swallowing lead dust on focd can also fi increase lead intake, and measures must be taken to'^ insurejwashing of hands before eating or smoking. It is very important that foods be stored and eaten Joutside the lead working area. 1-7 SAL CC 3020 76 8 I v l () Ql U l Cl f Mo . BR-102 ___4B -"Health at Exxon" - Specific Hazards_ .! 'X/i SC,<^ \ p '[ - |^A(?L jD_of___ 3_ j>ry<^ 12-10-74 ___ fAf F5V/JHW/GJW ScCi.'f- Yr.i- :J, i-'-r^ < i'v'n -,>f'/-r-.-J.s I I-Vo Cr',',C/^*10'f-l''>^<LU" c ' CJY vJ- 'j)'S C j P r CX<Vf-i// J>- r//or ) \l i D o AUPI'^ 34 ECU Chart if 34 To o illustrate the seriousness of cadmium fume poisoni; we'd like to tell you what actually happened to a 35-year old California welder. (Pause). After less than 2 hours of brazing indoors with a cadmium silver alloy, without supplementary ventilation or respirato: protection, he became quite ill. 35 ECU Chart if 35 36 ECU Chart if 36 37 ECU Chart if 37 The next day he was too sick to go to work, and had chest pains, a severe cough, and fever. Since neithe: the worker nor his doctor knew about the cadmium in the alloy, an antibiotic was prescribed and the patient went home, believing he had only'metal fume fever, a mild ailment which is fairly common to welde' The third day, as a result of the medication, he seemed to feel a little better as the day passed, and believed that he was getting well. On the fourth day, however, early in the morning, he was found dead. An autopsy showed that extreme lung hemorrhage was the primary cause of his death. 38 MCU rv n a A ECU Tim Because its fumes are so extremely dangerous, every supervisor should make it his business to learn whether or not any cadmium or cadmium-coated material are used in his operations. Distinguishing cadmiumplated materials from galvanized materials is sometir; very difficult. Chart if 38a A simple test involves very gently heating a small spot of metal, about the si2e of a nickel, with a welding torch. | Be sure not to burn off the metal. i-ijp After such gentle heating, cadmium will form a gold-yellow film. In contrast, zinc will turn I L* 'M v [ i-o /-"v *- `'+ < -*u <x^. laaoh -- jp'runic nazarus. \JTX Sc/<;\Pj . fa<u.2_ot T/v^- 12-10- 74 (?Y FSV/JWW4GW ^SeT: i.'f- I Cf\'j fa's :-.Lsi<To S^CtlL'. c - CUT j c.c.)^ J vJ - vj-.f ^ ; P ' Wd ,'-(./. * :T'; l (Ccu = */r/h i^c CL^rfv/1 ; fACpj-- l^o-vi- cv.o,u.-<i/ ; IPS' * dki'/.'J <-c y//of ^ v V' v ^ \H D A tt> Au 9 29a MCU Tim Always take every precaution you can against fume inhalation in any work situation which involves the heating of lead to its boiling point, or where fine lead dust could possibly be getting into the atmosphere. >030 MCU Chart It 30 Another extremely bad actor is the third item on th list, cadmium. Cadmium is used as plating on other \ metals, and as a coating on certain industrial if hardware items like bearings, nuts, bolts, and wash for example. It's also used in metal alloys that wind up in welding and brazing rods, wires and sole 31 A ECU Chart # 31 When it's heated to above 610 degrees Fahrenheit, its melting point - as in brazing and welding opera tions - it gives off fumes into the breathing zone of the worker. These fumes, when inhaled, are extremely toxic and can cause the employee's death. 32 MCU Tim J In fact, cadmium fumes are so extremely dangerous that at one point they were considered for use in chemical warfare. This is one metal that Exxon tries to avoid using, so you may never encounter it. However, every supervisor should be aware of the highly dangerous nature of cadmium and prevent it from injuring a worker. 33 ECU Tim 1-9 Even in concentrations strong enough to kill you, cadmium fumes have no strong warning odor or immediately irritating effects. By the time you start feeling bad, you may already be so badly exposed that you might die within a few days. SAL 000C 20 770 j^lod ole. N3 ._ BR-l'02 SC-G h\ 4B - "Health at Exxon" - Speci fic Hazards \)iX pi . hc,i fl O^ 12-10-74 flY fsv/jww/gjw sco.jci I jC^i<0-{____1 _> i i 1 >1 5^C(J-`. Cnor;Z=2oMi ;\0- Vl.Pf ; P ^ f*U (-.1 CC-.i ^ t-kifUi-ve a-atcvf ialv*- uto'.v** * DK-f/^^ 57/ of) MiO^o I AUQI^ 38a - CONT'D. a smoky-grey color. Be sure to limit this test to a few seconds, I fumes. to prevent overexposure to cadmium 39 ECU Tim /jV. Employees who must do welding or brazing or burning which involves cadmium alloys or cadmium-coated materials should be provided with proper ventilation with respiratory protective devices - and, roost importantlywith warnings about the extremely dange -i./r '_> 40 ECU Chart # 40 ous results of breathing cadmium fumes. 'jtJLd T So much for the dangerous dusts and fumes - let's talk now about the three hazards which can be a pro': lem in both liquid and vapor form. Benzene is the first one. 41 MCU Tim Benzene is widely usedin industry as a solvent and a a chemical raw material from which other chemicals are produced. It has a sweet pleasant odor, but if you can smell it, you're probably in a concentration that's too high to be safe without protective equipr 42 ECU Chart # 42 The vapors of benzene are toxic to the blood-fomin: organs of the body - that is, the bone marrow. Chronic poisoning, which is brought on by prolonged exposures to excessive levels of benzene, results i: a form of anemia, or absence of certain types of bi: cells. This condition may become irreversible, and 43 ECU Tim many experts feel that it may also end up as leukeri _o Any employees who may come in contact with benzene r~ their work should be told about the very real . . . ' ' f.. associated with benzene exposure. c Every possible s c 1-11 guard should be provided to prevent such exposures, 1 including the repairing of leaks, engineering chang r W v\o. No BR-102 S C& M -n.3fn.nr, xnn mil i UB *- "Health at Exxon" - Specific Hazards c C/< \ i: /X - TM21,, 11-27-7*+ (?Y FWV/JWW/GJW ^..cCfK- Cf\l j "T UH Nin:; +- n>'s o-f<Vfj + L ' C c cuf y_^.c?ii . v*J : vJ'.fV j F ^ TaJ r. (;/_ ___ I-X CFcU - C-l~iz-jf IS't'J'- iAfC-vi-. Gueurr.-i// 3) tyjC'ffirj lj^ S/lof ) I >'!* l i rrrrr^ VV vM \) l O ^ Ao O 1^ 5*+ ECU Tim Phenol in any form should he handled with extreme care. The practical tip to remember is that if your eyes and nose become irritated by phenol vapors, then you're probably in a concentration which is too high for safety. 55 ECU Tim c, ECU II Chart it 56 To sum it up, phenol - like all of the other hazardous materials we've mentioned so far, is bad news, if you get contacted by it long enough, or in high enough concentrations to let it burn you seriously, or affect your central nervous system. Every effort should be made to educate, and con tinually reeducate, every employee who works in phenol area, about the dangerous effects of phenol. 57 ECU Chart # 57 This brings us to the items that are normally found in gaseous form only - hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, and carbon monoxide. Let's take hydrogen sulfide first. 58 MCU 3s Hydrogen sulfide or "^S'1 as it is sometimes called is a highly toxic gas which is encountered in the refining of sulfur-rich crude oilsJ in the decomposition of organic matter,1 and in certain kinds of gases. 59 B 2CU Tim *1 '3' It has a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It's threshold of odor is very low - about 1/10 of a part per million.j One good thing - and the only good thing - about ^S, is that you can smell it long before-it reaches a dangerous level of concentration. 1-11* SAL 000020773 J^loJt/W N'J ,,..BB=-lfl2. ` - t- <--------- r.v.-xon M.r JTC6M*-M^f . jtb_4 .".Health at Exxon" - Specific Hazards_____ c S -x f d-L*A .,_i6_ ^ .J3___2i'3)(Y'fk' 11/27/TU____ fiv fwv/jww/gjw____ >Cf. r.'G ^ f-J'N =><'. 5ci4C ' C - CUT ; Z-jdeo^ vJ - VJ'7V ; pr f*n . I C'{v"tL^,K 4 . I _v f.<... * <*t*c,a.. a^rr-j^ j iao.I'- rz/f.-v*. c'^u-vf ; < DK'f<,-/' r V l--lJ / .5 fi0 I I '------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ ,,, ----------------------------- ----------,--- .------ !- i i v' \l {O & AuCM^ 6h MCU 65 ECU ! 66 B [ECU 6? ECU 68 MCU Tim V1 \3 , /' Chlorine is a greenish, yellow gas, supplied from cylinders of compressed chlorine. | It's used in water treatment and for bleaching and oxidizing purposes. Chart # 65 a\ * u It has a pungent*, suffocating odor. It is so poisonious that it was the first poison gas used in warfare. Tt's absorbed on the eyes and in the lungs where it forms hydrochloric acid and acts as a strong irritant,j Severe damage to the lungs and to the eyes can result from fairly brief exposures to levels of only a few hundred parts per million. Tim 47-. hO ; 6' U1 So, the same warning applies here - educate your employees about the dangers of chlorine, and provide every possible protection against releases of jdangerous concentrations of the gas. And remember - if you can smell it, or if your eyes and nose are irritated by it, you could be approaching an unsafe concentration of the gas. Chart #67 6 4| / 50 Carbon monoxide is a gas all of us know about - as one of the gases that come out of an automobile's exhaust pipe, or from indoor heaters, charcoal fires, etc. Tim .S L' Carbon monoxide is a product of incomplete combustion of a number of materials, like hydrocarbons, wood, and coal. 1-16 SAL 00GC2077 OckW [Vio - BR-102 /I'77-/'. OSHA, Exxon and You ^+B - "Health at Exxon" - Specific Hazards \'1X Sc/<\P j . PbAi 17 of 23 L 3)ft-ffc 11/27/Jk (?Y FSV/JWV/GJW cc ,:c. I er\i--cr^^__j I J. !. ^ I ^ A ' ofC c CUT ^ Z=/.ooh ' vJ - vJ/f'f j, p r VA.r < ( , =_ ; \S: _j * 1-kifU^e cLaf<w U`c-.*ty C'ML-vf ; Ds- * diC'T/ajo.. s'//of ) \T[ o c * AaToTTOTThI 69 ECU Chart #69 A/h It combines with hemoglobin of the blood to produce 44 vhat is known as carboxy hemoglobin. In this form, >0 V the hemoglobin cannot transport oxygen from the to vs lungs to the brain, and asphyxiation results.j When severe carbon monoxide poisoning has occurred, even medical help may not prevent the victim's death. 71 MCU Tim .1 The early symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are headache, nausea, drowsiness, and eventually loss of consciousness. 72 ICU ir _ Chart # 72 Afi ^\) Poor ventilation, or no ventilation, in and around engines, heaters and other fuel burning equipment can lead to carbon monoxide poisoning^Wherever these potential hazards exist, supervisors should see that proper ventilation, or other safeguards, sj provided and that employees are made aware of the possible presence of a carbon monoxide hazard. CA- r. ' ' f; :\r Y }-/< '' he,';.'.; The last item on our list is noise. The simplest definition we've run across for It is that noise is "unwanted sound". So, any sound that you'd just as soon be without, or not have around, is noise. 73 ECU Chart # 73 Excessive noise is an occupational health problem (r \ U> because it has been shown to produce a permanent loss of hearing among exposed individuals. | In an industrial area, some major sources of high noise C? levels are compressors, blowers, electric motors, , vents, furnaces, and impact tools. //' if 1-17 SAL 0CGC2P776 j'vJ| 0^ L \ ^ pk> .BR-102 ^ .G-M Ub - "Health at Exxon" - Specific Hazards "T/v Sc/<\?'J *. 18 of-____3_ ^fyYf- 11/27/T^_______#Y FSV/JWW/GJW ScOijC- *ffe*HK*$y* f* Sc.CtiC ' C - cut , Z-S-oo^ vJ^ ; F** fAf#-. ('v.t *!$.;> 1.7* , CfU'-cAft } i 5 Hoi -- I >/ ftcvj f <-r*f\e tuc^f jfi v*oj<- fAf<vv^ cv.o.a-/ ; r//<>r ) ---------------------------------------------------------------1-----------------------------------------------------'-------------------------------------------------------L vi l O AU V lh ECU Chart 7^ One of the early symptoms of excessive noise exposure is a temporary loss of hearing, or a ringing in the ears. However, much of the permanent early hearing loss can he detected only by a medical testing instrument called an audiometer. What this means is that an employee could already be suffering from some amount of hearing loss, without being aware of the damage. 75 ECU Tim ^ One of the best rules of thumb to follow is this one. If you have to talk above your normal volume when you1re at arm's length from someone, then you're hearing a noise level above 90 decibels. This is too loud to be around continuously without ear protection. The reference to the decibel level of a noise is simply a measurement technique used to express the relative loudness of a noise. ' 76 B MCU Tim The scale used is a linear, or straight-line, scale, but the loudness represented by the numbers increases logarithmically. The important thing to remember about this is that the loudness, or intensity, increases ten times more than the numerical increase in the decibel reading each time you take a step up the decibel scale. 77 A ECU C Chart 77 / \* J As you can see here, the noise level in a typical quiet room is about Lo decibels. An industrial compressor, like the kinds many of you are familiar with, can put out 120 decibels of noise or more. The noise from a turbojet engine measures around 160 decibels. Here's an illustration of the logarithmic effect we just told you about. 1-18 SAL 0CCC2C777 >cf-ijc. BR-102 /I 'Tut- ...OSHA- TTyrnn ftnri Ynu St6 M ____liR _ "Health at Exxon" - Specific Hazards S- /W-. 19 oA 23- H/27/TU (?y fsv/jww/ GJW ""T/UKhM^fc ft*. fr.cvj < N/ M l O -c> C - ci/r Z=7_eoM j ' vJ'.Pf ; fAft (.*. o c.uoTj^ N*CV'- ao.id-v/ ; j)f < pif'T/A/o. s'//of Au t> 1 i,j t 78 ECU Chart #78 /, 79 ECU Chart 79 80 MCU Tim A '-^ A Jet engine, at l60 decibels, is only a little more than twice the numerical decibel reading for normal conversation, which runs about 70 decibels. But, the noise of a Jet engine is actually one billion that's right, one billion times louder than normal conversation. This is why people who work around Jet aircraft must, aillfBLi , wear ear protection. Their hearing might soon be damaged if they didn't. Here's another more meaningful example.(^AAompres^or which runs at about the 120 decibel level, is only about 3A more than the numerical decibel reading for conversation, but the compressor is actually 100,000 times louder than, a normal conversation. *"t ! <** T A We mention this, not because you need to become an expert at understanding and interpreting decibel readings of various noises. That Job is for the industrial hygienist or other noise specialists to handle. We mention it because it's important for you to recognize that what may seem to you like a relatively small increase in the decibel reading of a noise could be an important change in the actual loudness and intensity of that noise. Here are some practical tips for you to follow in providing protection for your employees against excessive noise levels. 1-19 SAL 00002C778 i ' V | <2 J NO isK-xuz (. ^ fs\ Lr*\ i nn -- tiectzLii ai l.\j>uu -- apeciac nazar as ] -U l? t - 6i SC.CrK- 'T M I-' , J ^ fo/s C^' ,i:^a 1 _X (fctU / .sko-t- J- : nF \! lof^ Q f1 23 'JjjVf L 12-10-74 f?Y FSV/JWW/GJW r^CcJt'. CiCU|)Z^o?l'i JV-J: vJvff ; \~Z {:.. fAC'J- l'.<6 U.-. } 3> DlC'T/WtA. f//or 'j AuOlft 82 ECU Chart # 82 \J First, if you have any areas which you believe have excessive noise levels, bring them to the atttention <y .s&r.` u $rw of your -sa.fe.ty...department, so that they can arrange to check the decibel level and make recommendations about what should be done. 83a 84 ECU MCU ECU Tim /') 0 Maybe you'll wind up needing an overall noise survey i of your plant.j That may be very helpful, because the best protection of all against the hazard of excessive noise is to eliminate the noise, or at lea.reduce it to a tolerable level. Tim M Keep in mind that ear protection devices are not t'ne'l primary solution to the noise problem, since 73 exposures may be reduced by either lowering the nois-. jlevel, or shortening the time of exposure, However, ear plugs and ear muffs are two of the most common types of ear protection, j Besides reducing the noise level, these devices actually make it easier to hear sounds in the voice range. Chart if 84 <> n The second thing you should do is to post signs in,,, areas where the sound level is known to be excessive, so that employees in the area will know to use ear protection. You should see to it that the employees have the kind of ear protection which they need. 85 ECU Chart if 85 The third thing you can do is to consider rest ' ) - \ periods away from high noise levels, or maybe job rotation, for those employees whose jobs do_ require them to work around continuous, excessive levels of 1-20 noise. SAL 0C0040779 odt'W. N * ^BR-1Q2 S(-6M 4B "Health at Exxon" - Specific Hazards y)T,i /Wf. /U of- 23 DfyTl 12-10-74 <!y fsv/jww/gjw 5cr:>jf- "Tfrc !J, ('-4; '* f^N Sf'f<sL>-lAo C " CUT y ' \,J : V J. f1 c j P - j. (... m'.- w / I CfV-'t/to I ^ (tc.u < f cunff j/' ; (Af^w.s ; ^s- = t>Jrr/.^u. s>af ) / / ^nOr r------------------------ ----------------- j...........................................................................- ............................ ...................L----------- --------- 1 i M MID 6-0 AuOh 86 ECU Chart #86 ^ ^ Finally, you can help the medical department in 1 making sure that hearing checks are made periodical^? / on employees who work in and around excessive noise L-- levels, so that any problem which develops can be detected before the noise causes permanent damage to their hearing. a/^fl; n- 87 ECU Chart # 87 This completes our discussion of specific health hazards of the so-called big 10 listed here - asbestos, lead, cadmium, benzene, sulfuric acid, phenol, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, carbon monoxide, and noise. 88 MCU Tim We hope that we've impressed you enough with the impurtaiice of all of them, so that you now auuti a little better than you did, the need for being alert for any dangerous conditions which may deve]op in the work area. 89 ECU Tim We should emphasize that OSHA is becoming more and more active in this whole area of occupational disc" and health hazards. Some standards have already bee: established. Others will be established in the futu-. Eventually, all of these hazardous industrial materi: we've described to you will be covered by OSHA standards. 90 ECU Chart # 90 Exxon is interested in either meeting or bettering these standards for the same reason that OSHA is establishing them, to prevent occupational disease a- related health problems among employees. Actually, 1-21 most of the protective measures called for by OSHA a "old hat" to our safetyf(industrial hygiene and medi people. SAL GC0C207P0 R A c! v W No BR-102 C^vM Wl" "OT^ So/<'<?t - (Wt.,.22 of 23 UbU "Health at Exxon" - Specific Hazards i i *3>fyY^ 11/27/7*+ (?Y FSV/JWW/GJW scCtjt- 1 CfXK'fC^(( ^ i1 V fo^. | _3u fG.CU * nK \i l o r^f(J* C - cor-. \aJ-vJ'.Pi ; F* fAi* C*>.t 9t> j ^C'J^ JA<0'.viv CX<\;t-u/ ; U> * DlM/WA*. S^of ) AuOlt 91 B MCTJ C c92 A ECU 1 1 93 cB ECU z9U B MCU c95 C ECU Tim It's very unlikely that there*s any continuing, serious health hazards in your plant that the Company's industrial hygienists and medical personnel don't already know about. And you can be sure that they're doing evervlihing possible to correct the situation. Chart #92 ^\\ The importance of your role as an EXxon supervisor is that you and your fellow-supervisors are the ones that these trained specialists look to, to learn of changed conditions and new developments that involve the handling of hazardous materials or potentially dangerous operations, j\y Tim Tim Chart $ 95 If you know of, or suspect. Borne hazard, and vou don't report it to your safety department, you're doing yourself, your employees, and your companv. a real disservice. Another thing you want to keep in mind is this. We've been talking about the health aspects of these hazardous materials in this particular segment. In other segments we talked about safety. But it's not always that easy to draw a line and separate safety problems from health problems. They often go hand in hand. How they are classified is something you should't worry about. Any problem which can result in one of your employees getting sick, getting hurt, or disabled in any way, is one which should get your attention. 1-22 SAL 000020721 SAL 000020783 5. Tell the group that if an employee or his representative requests to review the Act, Standards, or OSHA Regulations which the Company has available the request must be handled promptly. If such a request is made, consult your super visor or the Safety Advisor. [Reference 1903.2(c)] 6. Know that there are some flaws in Segment 1. The instructor can use his discretion as to whether or not to point these out. a. No roll-over protection on bulldozer. b. No overhead protection on forklift truck. c. No safety belts or nets used by men on the steel structure. d. Segment I refers to 5 million businesses covered by the Act. Segment II states there are U million businesses covered. The actual figure is between the two mentioned. Segment 2 - "OSHA Inspection" 1. Segments 1 and 2 are on the same videocassette. There is about 20 seconds of blank tape between the segments. Segment 2 starts at about a 350 dial reading on a Sony Videocassette Player Model VP-1000. Segment 3A - "Workplace Violations11 1. Point out that the use of handrails is desired on both sides of a loading rack where it is practical to install them. They can be omitted if they are not practical and the falling hazard is minimized by using a runway at least 18" wide. [Reference 1910.23(c)(2)] 2. Table P-1 Approximate Angle of Repose for Sloping of Sides of Excavations (1926.652) states: "Clays, Silts, Loams or Non-Homogenous Soils Require Shoring and Bracing. The Presence of Ground Water Requires Special Treatment." J-2 SAL 000020 784 If there is any question about the soils at your installa tion they should be resolved vith your Safety Advisor and Engineering Department. 3. A ladder is shown as the means of access to trenches 4 feet or more deep. Steps or other suitable means of access are also permissible. Segment 3B - "Electrical Violations" 1. Eeview this segment with persons who are familiar with electrical practices at your plant. If there are any differences or special electrical problems at your plant point them out during this segment. 2. Tell the class whether a tag-out or lock-out procedure is followed at your plant. You may want to pass out copies of the procedure during the segment. 3. Point out that the video tape tends to over emphasize the importance of the intrinsically safe label. The label is just a good means of identifying equipment which is safe to use in a hazardous area. It is possible that equipment without a label is safe but in these cases further checking is required to verify that it is. 4. Point out that a ladder, crane boom or other equipment does not actually have to contact a high voltage line to complete a path to ground. The air itself can. be part of the path and an arc can be established if the equipment comes too close to a line. This is the reason for the specified 10 feet or more clearance requirement. Segment 3C - "Machine Guarding and Other Violations11- 1. Point out that abrasive wheel guards should cover the spindle end, nut, and flange projections. Segment 4a - "Occupational Diseasetr 1. Point out that although not specifically referred to, the nurse is an important part of the medical team which helps in combating industrial health problems. J-3 SAL QCCC2Q735 Segment 4b - "Specific Health Hazards" 1. Cheek with the industrial hygienist. Safety Advisor or medical staff for your facility to determine if there are unusual health problems at your facility which should be discussed. Find out what the problem materials are, how they can be detected, how they effect people who are exposed and find out what protective measures should be taken. If specific safety standards are available for these materials mention where copies can be obtained. 2. Point out that the asbestos in gloves, welding blankets, and gaskets is usually retained by a binder or has too few particles to be a problem to employees. 3. Point out that there should be very little or no cadmium materials in Exxon plants because purchase specifications exclude the use of this material. It was stressed in this segment because it is such a bad actor that all supervisors should be on the alert for this material. It is possible that it could be brought in the plant as a substitute for zinc plated materials. 4. Point out that sulfuric acid does not normally cause tooth enamel erosion. Erosion of tooth enamel has been observed in "mouth breathers" in acid plating and other high exposure jobs. In our operations we would not expect this problem. SUGGESTED INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS 1 - Program is Worthwhile I think this program about the Occupational Safety and Health Act is worthwhile and necessary. It's worthwhile, because we've put the OSHA program together in such a way that it saves lots of time, your time. In just a few hours, you'll be able to learn from this program what it might have taken you days, or even weeks, to dig out for yourself from the mountain of information which is available on OSHA J-4 SAL 0CCG2C766 2 - Program is Necessary It's necessary, "because the company has an obligation to be sure that all of its employees understand what is expected of them in all areas of their work, including safety, and how they and their jobs may be affected by any local, state or federal laws. 3 - Will Help Supervisors Understand OSHA Better I believe that this overall program will enable you to better understand OSHA, in general, and what it means to you, as super visors. More specifically, the program will acquaint you with some of the real problems and situations at the company's re fineries and plants - and how you are involved. When the Federal Congress passed the OSHA law, they did so with this purpose in mind - quote, to assure, so far as possible, safe and healthful working conditions to every employee in America, and to preserve this country's human resources, unquote. We agree with the purpose of OSHA which was stated by Congress. U - Interest in Safety Nothing New for Exxon Being interested in safety is nothing new to Exxon. For years, the company has been very active in providing safe, healthful working conditions for its employees. Now, the Federal Government is in the safety business with us, implementing the Occupational Safety and Health Act. As far as we're concerned, this simply sets up one more incentive to keep moving in a direction that Exxon has always regarded as a sensible one to be heading in. 5 - Supervisors Occupy Key Positions As supervisors, all of you occupy key positions on the overall Exxon safety team. You and the nonsupervisory employees who work for you are really the only ones who can keep our safety record good - or make it bad. J-5 SAL 0CQC207R7 6 - You Have Management Support As you go about handling your safety responsibilities and helping the company meet or surpass OSHA's safety requirements, you can be sure that you have support, and the support of every other manager in your plant. All of us feel very strongly that ve can count on all of you to do a good job in this area! J-6 SAL 00002C783 LIST OF SUPPLEMENTAL PUBLICATIONS 1. Superintendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington, D. C. 20U02 OSHA 2036 - "All About OSHA" A 23 page 5" x 8" booklet telling the who, what, where, when, why and how of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 19TO. OSHA 2057 - "The Principles and Techniques of Mechanical Guarding" A 58 page 8" x 10" illustrated booklet giving the princi ples, techniques and construction specifications for Mechanical Guarding (1973 price $0,90/copy) OSHA 2072 -"General Industry Guide for Applying Safety and Health Standards 29 CRF 1910"_________________________________________ A 30 page 8" x 10" index of OSHA standards arranged by categories - Workplace, Machine and Equipment, Materials, Employee, Power Source, Process, and Administrative Regu lations . OSHA 2082 -"Training Requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards" A 22 page 8" x 10" listing of training requirements organized by type of operation. J-7 SAL 000020789 OSHA 2085 - "Employer-Employee Safe Practices for Excavation and Trenching Operations"______________________________________ A 15 page 6" x 9" illustrated pamphlet covering excavations and trenching. OSHA 2087 - "15 Questions - Know the Answers - - - - Help Prevent Cave-ins"___ A 5 page 5" x 8" pamphlet containing 15 questions and answers which will help prevent trenching and excavation accidents. OSHA 2089 - "Trenching & Excavations - A Check List A 2 page 5" x 8" listing of factors to be checked before, during and after trenching or excavating. OSHA 2201 - "General Industry - OSHA Safety and Health Standard Digest"______________________________________________________________________________ A 57 page 4" x 6" pocket size booklet that contains a digest of the General Industry Standards. Approximately 90$ of the standards are covered in an "easy to read" form. OSHA 2202 - "Construction Industry - OSHA Safety and Health Standard Digest" A 47 page 4" x 6" pocket size booklet that contains a digest of approximately 90$ of the Construction Industry Standards in easy to read form. 2. National Safety Council 425 North Michigan Avenue Chicago, Illinois 6o6ll Stock No. 129.67 - "Guards Illustrated" A 104 page 8" x 10" manual with discussion and illustration of numerous machine guards. Illustrations are of a somewhat J-8 SAL G0002C79C better quality than the OSHA publication, however, the material covered is essentially the same. Stock No. 15909 - Supervisor's Safety Observation Handbook An 18 page 6" x 9" booklet which helps the supervisor establish a program for making safety observations in his work area. It discusses the why, how and when of safety observations as well as the importance of housekeeping, lighting, material handling, machines and equipment, clothing, protective equipment, temperature extremes and other environmental conditions and plans for emergencies in the overall safety observation plan. Data Sheet 2^>k Revision A - "Trench Excavation11 A 5 page 8" x 10" data sheet complete with illustrations covering the techniques of trenching. The data sheet presents a lot of information in concise form. 3. Bureau of Business Practice 2L Rope Ferry Road Waterford, Connecticut 06385 "What Every Supervisor Must Know About .... The Occupational Safety and Health Act" A 6h page 5" x 8" booklet which gives a three page condensa tion of the OSHA Act and dedicates the rest of the booklet to the basics of safety. J-9 SAL 00C020791 L. Institute for Management P. 0. Box 733 Old Saybrook, Conn. 06U75 "The Supervisor's OSHA Compliance Handbook11 A 52 page 5" x 8" booklet on the supervisor's role in safety with an OSHA overtone. Well written in "story" form. IV10 SAL GC0C20792