Document RJQK3pvgNL658gDVLOOR8xNnn

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT ( Tn, TO TBS JiARITIKE COimSSZO* WASHINGTON, D.C. Il.'DGSTRIAL HEALTH SDRVET or THE BETHLEHEM - FAIRFIELD SHIPYARD, INC. BALTIMORE, EAHILAND September 24-25, 1942 Philip Drinker, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston H. K. Sessions, Lt. Com., (If C), O.S.H. T. P. Connelly, Lt., (K C), D.S.K. John F. Ege, Jr., Ensign E-V(S(, D.S.N.R. Kenneth W. Kelson, Ensign H-Y(S), D.S.N.R. Eorwiek Ross, Ensign H-V(S), D.S.N.R. L. E. Woodman, Ensign fi-Y(s), D.S.N.R. Tbig^doetcest cortains^i^fornatier' offertins * national defense of tie unltad/tates within ? easing of the Espionage Ne^sO U.S.C.. ZZ. r.r.-s. 82. It transmission or JS* revelation of i-.s contents in any cancer Ursa unauthorized pencz is prohibited by lev. < '  The dispensary is now being enlarged, but not suffi ciently to take cere of a work load of 40,000 treatments per month. It is anticipated that women will soon be employed end arrangements will haws to be made at the dispensary to take care of this class of patients. It is suggested that sub-dispensaries be located under the building ways to take some of the work load off the dispensary end also to make medical services available to workmen nearer their jobs end obviate the time lost in walking to the dispensary. It is understood that X-ray equipment is to be secured ror use at the dispensary. All efforts should be made to expedite this due to the loss of time in sending patients to be X-rayed to town and the inconvenience of waiting a day for a report. An increase in the number of doctors is needed and appre ciated by management and the liedleal Director. At least one doctor is needed for the day shift at the Fabrication Division Plant. A minimum of two and preferably tJuree doctors are need ed in addition to those present at the dispensary. In addition to, preemplcyment examinations periodic exam inations of those engaged in occupations potentially hazardous to.themselves and others is highly desirable. Occupation 1 disease in this way nay be discovered early when a change in occupation may prevent irreparable disabilities. (1) I A form to be filled out by the foreman or leatilngsum authorising a visit to the dispensary is desirable. This provides the foreman or leadingman with knowledge of the whereabouts of his men and discourages unnecessary visits to the dispensary without preventing necessary visits. A fora for revisits to the dispensary which Indicates the time of reporting and the time of release provides a foreman or leadingman with the knowledge of where his men have spent their tine while away from the job. A break down cf cases as to effect as well as cause is needed. This wil3 provide the safety department with inforoation as to where personal protective equipment and special safety measurer are needed. Housekeeping aboard the ships under construction should be improved, and insanitary practice eliminated promptly. General ventilation, or ventilation by dilution, which is the present method of ship ventilation used hers, should be supplemented by the use of local exhaust ventilation. The necessary equipment, now lacking, should be purchased. Fresh air should be introduced into confined spaces by means of duct work from the outside air. We recommend as the Wemost practical for this yard, considering equipment available, the use of flexible canvas duct in combination with the Coppur or Robertson dowers. The ventilation department is at present undermsnned for the coverage it must make. The department should consist of enough mer to cover the sixteen ways and outfitting docks efficiently and often. () Members of the ventilation crew should be provided with . hard htts an which is printed "ventilation0 so thtt the crew men will be easily recognisable. Members of the ventilation department ere lacking in ex perience end training. To offset this, a standard ventilation set-up should be devised for the ships under construction and the crew men made entirely familiar with these set-ups. Turnover and Absenteeism! Me talked at some lengths with Messrs. Willis, Eodgekinson, Kendall, Bobbins, and Sr. Shaffer regard ing conditions in general. The present working population Is about 50,000 with a weekly turnover of r : -n*t ?30 and an ab senteeism rate of about is. There seems to be no reason fcr these high figures which do not apply with e^ual force to many other new yards -- that is, housing end transportation problems are no worse here than in many other districts. Like all other new yards this one has many green men but the parent company, Bethlehem Steel Corporation, has one c? the largest steel sills in the country at nearby Sparrows point. Baturally, the parent company furnished a fair nucleus of sen with experience both in shipbuilding and in general steal fabrication.,. For the medical and safety departments ther drew on well established organisations in the parent company. We have criticized certain phases in both departments but the criticisms definitely are not because the persons concerned lack experience. (S) raitt&.FWXMiag The medical facilities consist of a dispensery at the ship yard proper &nd a first aid station located at the Fobricatinf Division about two miles away. She dispensary is located close to the naln cate and con sists of a one story building containing a treataent roots, eye room X-ray room, physiotherapy roon, doctor's office, operating room a four bed ward and a locker room for personnel. The first aid station at the Fabricating Division adjoins the Personnel Department and consists of a treataent root, com bination eye room and ward, an office, and a preeaployaent exam ination room. The buildings and equipment pertaining to medical activities have been furnished by the iTaritiae Commission who also furnishes the expendable supplies. Personnel for the dispensary consists of three doctors of whoa Dr. F. E. Shaffer is the Uedieal Director, three female registered nurses and twenty-three first aid men. The first aid station has for its personnel eight first aid men. The dispensary is covered during the day by two physicians. Dr.-Delaney and Dr. Pound, three registered nurses and five first aid men. The swing and graveyard shifts are covered by five first aid sen on each shift. The first ala station has three first aid men an the first two shifts and two on the graveyard shift. I [ KSPICAfc JfiClhlllfZ The medical facilities consist of a dispensary at the ship yard proper *nd a first aid station located at the Fabricating Division about two miles away. The dispensary is located close to the sain gate and con sists of a one story building containing a treatment rood, eye room X-ray roan, physiotherapy room, doctor's office, operating roam s four bed ward and a locker roost for personnel. The first aid station at the Fabricating Division adjoins the Personnel Department and consists of a treatment root, com bination eye room and ward, an office, and a preemployment exam ination room. The buildings and equipment pertaining to medical activities have been furnished by the Pari time Commission who also furnishes the expendable supplies. Personnel for the dispensary consists of three doctors of whom Dr. F. . Shaffer is the ilecical Director, three female registered nurses and twenty-three first aid men. The first aid station has for its personnel eight first aid men. The dispensary is covered during the day by two physicians, Dr.-Deleney and Dr. Pound, three registered nurses end five first aid men. The swing and graveyard shifts are covered by five first aid men on each shift. The first aid stttion has three first aid men on the first two shifts anc two on the graveyard shift. 0 For eecictl services the last to shifts are covered by Dr. Shaffer and Dr. Delaney who are on call at all tines. Insurance for the yard i* carried by the Maryland Casualty Company, who furnishes 75j! of the payroll for medical services while the Maritime Commission furnishes }*. Patients requiring hospitalisation are transferred to the Maryland General Hospital. Transportation is supplied by one Maritime Commission ambulance and two station wagons at the yard. Within a few days it is anticipated that a Maritime Commission ambulance will be in use at the Fabrication Division plant. Specialists in the major branches of medicine are available in Baltimore end are consulted as necessary. There is no visiting nurse service. :ir il pi ~ .. rr -1-i ^ Records: There is no form authorising treatment required from men reporting to the dispensary for treatment. Dpon reporting to the dispensary for treatment a form is filled in giving the name, date of injury, check number, occu- . =' pation, residence, nationality, and a description of the eceident. The injured takes this form to the nurse or doctor who treats the patient and records his findings. Tne data are later transferred to a permanent card system. If lost time is in volved, a "Surgeon's Report" is accomplished and sent to the insurance carrier. If the patient is sent home, or to the nospitel, a "Personal Pass" is completed which allows the inJured to leave the yard. This form is also used in cases of non-Industrial illness which necessitates leaving the yard CpW* 5r /S * -r --V 9 A form is not in use for revisits to the dispensary. In ease of redressings and retreetoccata data re recorded on a special form. A standard nomenclature of diseases end conditions is not in use. Cases? There were 39,370 treatments given at the dispensary during the month of August 194f and of these 14,751 were new * cases. 2^e cases constitute a very high percentage of patients coming to the dispensary for treatment. Ho figures are avail able as to th<t actual number, but it is estimated thi.t at leapt 5j of all cases seen are -eye injuries and there .are about ec.ucilr divided between foreign bodies and actinic ray ophthsic-iE. The records ere not broken ccwa to -show the number of bed disabilities, but it is the opinion of the physicians that the:,' are quite nunerous. Industrial illness Is net common and no cases sf lead poisoning have been detected. Early cases say go undetected, however, in the absence of periodic examinations. About 1<? of the dermatitis cases appearing at the dispensary are con sidered to be of indystrial origin. There is no specific oc cupation or operation considered responsible for these cases. Venereal diseases are rarely seen at the dispensary anc are not considered to be a factor in absenteeism. Approximately 1000 cases of non-industrial illness tre seen aorthly. This does not include the group who remain at # f home or are seer, by private physicians. (6) M '* * 4 I I j ' i 1 ( \ Examinations Preeaployaent exasinations era done cn ell prospective employees. These examinetions are performed by first eld sen who consult the dispenser? physicitns as neces i'ii.'ii sary. During the month of August 1942, there were 4S20 such examinations conducted with 455 rejections. The main causes for p.~ rejection are defective vision, cardiovascular abnormalities, ^_ hernia, end extreme varicosities of the extremities. Periodic examinations of crane operators are'non being conducted, with the eyes end cardiovascular systems being carefully checked. The routine examination of other employees . engaged iu. occupations hazardous to themselves or ethers is not done. Examinations such as X-ray ere rerformed by the Yarylend ` Casualty Company if the patient is ambulatory end by the- ; L .. Earyland General Hospital, if the patient is hospitalized. pollaboration with the Safety Section; The safety department is notified in case a seriously injured patient is brought to the dispensary in order that ?n early investigation cf the circumstances may be made. The radical records arc furnished the safety department for their information and for statistical purposes*. .. Air Held Precautions* There ere eleven first aid stations lo cated throughout the yard for use during air raids. I*':h station contains a large first aid box containing a stretcher, blankets, splints and a supply cf dressings and antiseptics. These stations will be manned by volunteer yard workers the have been given the American ?.ed Cross Standard First A5.fi Coarse. I( I` I: Evacuation of the wounded will be carried out by the Ref Cross; <- I i. Ho sand bag or other protection has been afforded the dis- pensary or first aid station te protect then against flying TC' bomb fragments. =^f: ftATER Supply: The main yard and the pre-fabrics ting division are both provided with Baltimore's municipal water supply. Pumps are provided which ecu supply salt rater in the event of a fire. Ho crosseonnection exists with the city supply. mm" "r Sewerage: Septic tanks provide primary treatment for sewEge from the main yard before it is discharged into the ocean. An adequate number ot conveniently located toilets is .provided for the main yard as a whole but adequate hand washing facilities are not provided for the employees handling food in the yard's canteens. Ho treatment is provided- for the wastes from the too few toilets serving the prefabricating 7&ri. The City of Baltimore is supposed to make a sever line cvcliable to this yard but h*s not done so. Dntil such a sewer is provided it is not planned to install more toilets for the iDOC-7000 workers in this yerd. Steps should be taken to relieve the present need of toilets. :___ y Rubbish fa?d $er'3gA: jThe rubbish and garbage are collected regu larly by the municipality but the housekeeping of the 7trd is so poor in pieces that garbage v-as observed is. considerable quantities on the ground around the various ca:teens. .- Canteens: The yerd has one large building nhic.1. was previously usee as a cafeteria End several small shacks throughout the yard which Ere being usee as canteens. Tne small flacks are being supplied with pies, cakes, etc. from-the main csntesn building =Z1 where regular res-turtnt equipment is available. She general ^ setup is satisfactory but the following objectionable conditions ~~ were observed: 1. Fly control in the canteens was very poor. ZT . Pies were stored in the open where flies could easily == get at then. Several pi*s were noted which were practio- ally covered with flies. pjf. 3. Refrigerators in sever*1 of the shacks were dirtyinside. -- 4. Garbage pails were not provided for all of the canteens. ZZ 5. In general, cleanliness and housekeeping wj-'s poor. 6. No handwashing and toilet facilities were readily tviilrble bZ to the persons handling food i.: tke canteens andas only. itur. one toilet is available for colored employees of the yard, == it is necessary for the colored employees in the can- jZy~ teens to go a long distance to tcilet facilities. So jyf' soap or towels were provided for '.hose who did sake ;*-* use of handwashing facilities. [T Eoasekeericg: We have called to the attentive of those responsible thafhousekeeplng aboard the ships undei construction is noticeably poorer than most yards of comparable sise, presenting possible hasards to health and safety, and ntkin^ for e certain amount of inefficiency among the workers. Welding lines, air hoses, burners1 lines, and electric light cables are strewn *uite carelessly over ramps and ledc*'?s, along scaffolding walks, and in other position? where inattentive*, underfoot night easily cause a can. to trip or fall. We recognise ;;y p_ f=[ fr^ p-k that these line* ere in such quantity as to be difficult to control, but we feel that in this yard the matter has gone unnecessarily far. Workmen ere apparently unusually careless, about leaving waste building material about the ships. We observed the hold of one ship in the outfitting dock to contain several days1 accumulation of lunch bags, in addition to a quantity of waste excelsior, wood, shavings, nuts and bolts, planking, and considerable unclassified material, all of ivfaich present ed an excellent point of origin for a fire. The presence of the material is not surprising in itself, for a quantity of such waste as this must be collected and removed frequent ly. It was quite obvious, however, that no attempt at col lection had been made for seme time in this case. The practice of using the ship as a toilet is particular ly apparent in this yard. Heans should be found to stop the practice altogether. It is not done because cf the lack of convenient toilet facilities, for clean and conveniently . placed toilets are at the head of every way, but has started by laziness, and because no one has fait or assumed the re sponsibility to put an end to it. We urge strongly that the responsibility for ending this, be assigned end offenders b suspended or dismissed VEKTIUTICy Mr. Vincent Evans, safety inspector) is the ventilation foreman st this yard. Under bin is s day shift staff of nine (four checkers end five laborers)) a swing shift staff of the seme number) and a graveyard shift staff of three laborers whose activities ere directed by a safety Inspector. Both checkers ana laborers are members of thd laborers de partment) cnc are lent to the safety department for assignment to the ventilation work according to th# needs of the department. The checkers* work consists of locating blowers (which are fre quently moved by the welders) and determining positions requiring ventilation. The checkers further direct the work of the laborers who move and set up blowers, clean and repair them) and generally act as blower maintenance men. The ventilation department hes the following equipment on hand: 400 Coppus (1500 c.f.K.) blowers S3 Robertson (5000 c.f.m.) blowers 4 Large Capacity (10,000 c.f.m.) blowers 150 Lengths (12* each) Hex tube duct, 86 -- V" In addition to the above, twenty Robertson fens are on order. The company does not have any flexible metal hose for local ex haust. From observation, and discussion with the ventilation foreman, it was learned that ventilation on ships under con struction is accomplished by general ventilation only. This, is not in keeping with accepted practices cf good ventilation, fr while general ventilation is undeniably better than nothing, it / n \ % ( cannot ba depended upon to maintain clean air under all conditions. Previous to the tine of our visit, the ventilation departnent had made safe United use of the flexible canvas duct for general ventilation In the deep tanks and fore and after peaks. They determined to their own satisfaction that the blowers which they had In their department were not cap able of maintaining air flow through a sufficiently long length of tubing to warrant continuing its use. However, the department now has in stock a number of Robertson blowers with more on order, and these eight ver7 well be put to work with the flexible canvas duet. If these blowers cannot'be released for this work, we feel that the Coppus blowers could be used to deliver a sufficient quantity of air to make the practice worth while. We took the opportunity to run a Coppus blower in conjunction with twenty-four feet of the FIextube duct at this yard, end while the results were not impressive, we be lieve that confined spaces would benefit by use of this com bination. As was previously mentioned, the yard makes no use of local ventilation. The department does sot have any local -exhaust tubing, and la in no position with its present equip ment to initiate any uses of ventilation by local exhaust. V.'e observed many Instances in the double bottoes, in the fore end after peaks, and in the deep tanks in which local exhaust is a definite necessity. The engine room is also a source of trouble due to the galvanized welding which must be car ried on in this space, and should have local exhaust to com- I plctnent the general ventilation. The ventilation Departsent crew is untrained, end, compared to usual standards, inadequately canned. Accord ing to Ur. Eodgfclnson, management's representative, the organisation of the ventilation department is in a state of flux due to recent changes brought about by the orefting of the ventilation foreman a few weeks ago. Yhen the matter is finally settled, however, we recommend that the department consist of enougi men to cover sixteen ways end the outfit ting docks efficiently end often. Ye further recommend thet the men be equipped with identification of a type easy to recognise. Hard hats with the word "ventilation* lettered thereon has proven very satisfactory in other cases. The ventilation problems which the invasion barges will represent is not considered difficult to overcome. The working spaces will not be particularly confining or small, and a combination of local exhaust and general ventilation should be entirely satisfactory for ventilating purposes. The ventilation set-ups can be standardized right from th<> beginning because of the similarity of the tanks throughout the length of the ship. We recommend that the ventiletion department purchase a number of lengths of flexible metal tubing suitable for use aa a local exhaust duct. A manifold should be purchased to be used with the flexible metal hose for attachment either to the Cop-pas blowers or the Robertson blowers, whichever seems more suitable for the Job in the opinion of the ventil ation foreman. (IS) i 'J _, lit. it I# i i ^ |. ( * ' i 1 i t > i l * Standard set-ups* should be devised for ventilation of the two types of ships with which the deportment will be con cerned (invasion barges sad liberty ships) with the equipment avelleble to the ventilation department. Every man in the department should be mode familiar with these set-ups so tiu.t for say given stage in ship construction he till be cble to install effective ventilation. It will be noticed that the department bee purchased one manufacturer's fan to the exclusion of others. It was expleined to us that the yard has only twenty-five cycle current available with'which to operate electrical equipment, and that only the Coppus fan wae available in quantity with a twentyfive cycle motor. Vhlle we believe the Coppus fan is sctisfactory for ship ventilation, it is not sufficiently high in capacity or pressure to serve for all purposes. Ve are glad * to sea that some higher capacity fans have recently been purchased, for we believe that they are needed la this yard. For the protection of painters spraying point in confined areas such as inner bottoms, USA air-line respir ators are provided, the equipment is approved and adequate, bat, according to information gathered at the paint shop. It la seldom used by the sea. The complaint' is that the device is. too bulky and that the air line and filter arragemeat causes too much difficulty in moving about in small compart ments. Bather than be handicapped thua, the pointers prefer to use USA COHFO chemical cartridge respirators. The cart ridges will not protect against high concentrations and must be replaced frequently. It is suggested that the air line respirators be used as much as possible since they offer more riositive protection end greater comfort for the workmen then ` do filter type respirator*. Head lead paint is applied by spraying, and the neceaaitT of taking every precaution against possible inhalation of paint mists cannot be too strongly emphasised. Respirator* should be worn even while working in open spaces such as ship's holds. Splash back end air currents may endanger a psinter spraying the outer hull surface by exposing him to paint mists. The operation appears safe, but is not. An example of earelessnes s or Ignorance was encountered during our inspection of ships in the wet dock. A painter was engaged in spraying superstructure surfaces and neglected to wear the respirator fastened around his neck. Visible clouds of paint droplets were noted in his breathing none. A paint remover containing methylene dichlorlde, or dichoromethane, is used occasionally, this compound is noncombustible and a good solvent, but it is toxic. It is readily volatilised to the vapor state and should be used only with adequate ventilation or with protection supplied by firline masks or chemical cartridge respirators. Welding:- Lack of figures makes impossible an estimate if the number of cases of eye flesh. In recent months, however, such injuries at the prefabricating plant have been reduced to a n<r><nw due to the aighiy successful goggle campaign. Every one working in the vicinity of welding arcs as well as welders themselves has been supplied with anti-flash goggles, and the results have been gratifying. (15) Ho such campaign has been attempted a1 the sain yard, and it was noted that fex men wore goggles. fcelders are not wearing goggles beneath their helmets. The safety department stated that protective goggles were extremely difficult to ob tain, but we found *. considerable supply of spectacle type anti-flash goggles stored in the tool rooms at the hesd of the ways, the distribution of the goggles, in oar opinion, would aid in decreasing the number of flash bums. Screening of welding operations in the shops is generally good. The screens used are semi-permanent types* Portable screens should help further in preventing unnecessary exposures. Similarly, portable screens should be used on open welding Jobs in tue yard. The practice of welding or burning steel which has teen vreviously -tinted with red lead creates a hazard likely to escape attention. The heat of the electric arc converts the paint to a lead oxide fume, and particularly in confined spaces a welder's exposure to the fume may be sufficient to cause lead poisoning. Chronic poisoning will result from inhalation of small doses of fume over long periods, acute poisoning is possi ble when gcss amounts of fume have been inhaled in a short time. Safety Department: Safety personnel consists of one safety en gineer, ITr. bobbins, and twenty inspectors. They are split up between the shipyard (day shift eight, swing five, graveyard four) and the fabricating shop (dey shift two, string one, graveyard at-. In all, there are sixteen hulls at the yard and (16) two wet docks each c*pt.bie of aceoaodating four bull each. In the near future, additional wet dock is to be provided. There are twenty-seven labor divisiona end a total of about a dozen shops in the shipyard and fabricating division. The educational prc^raa here is good. Green men, are trained in a period of six weeks. Sixteen hundred men attend the school at one tine. The safety sen lecture in about three class roans, for twenty hours, one day each week. The subjects Included in this r~Z* Learners School are accident causes, eye flashes, and foreign bodies, first aid instruction, safe cloth ing, care of equipment, fire prevention, etc. Several sound slide films are used in this lecture course. Supervisors are given safety talks about every two weeks. In addition to the safety classes, education further in cludes the use of various kinds pesters and other types cf literature. These are posted throughout the ynrd on about c hundred julletin boards. These rosters are changed with each new safety drive, is a part of the regular safety progress., this yard stages a Boir.thly safety contest on the ways. The safest way flies a distinction flag, at the fabricating division safety contests nsr'e also been applied fairly successfully to the problem of eye flashes. In general, tha impressions of the safety work that had reen done were faverable. Personal Protective Icuiment; Hard Eats: Hard hats are checked out to the men. Hot as many sen (60C9) as the sefety de-art-- sent desires ere vec-ring these hets. To correct this situation ` (17) ( . -i I 14.000 hats have been requisitioned but these as yet haven' t been delivered. Goggles: Impact and anti-flash goggles together number 16.000 to 0,000 pairs. The percentage of flash goggles is saall (probably 0}f) consequently not as many sen as desir able are provided with them. The situation as elsewhere is undoubtedly due to inadequate deliveries from the optical houses. At the fabricating shop the proportion of men wear ing anti-flash goggles was obviously very much better. Goggles are distributed from a central t>cl room In the case of inti-flesh goggles ulonet it is necessary for the men to get approval slips from the safety department. There is a goggle repair shop. Respirators: It was estimated that the yard has on hand 400 rulmosen Ho. 5 respire tors, 60 to 00 tfillson So. 770 lead fume respirators and 1 MSA metal fume respirators. It was not known just how many respirators have been checked out. However, it was assumed the supply was adequate because rf the numbers still on hand. The dust respirator is us4d by scalers and painters and the fume respirator is at times used by weld ers. For paint spraying a Comfo cartridge type respirt-tor is used.*"ln addition the yard has purchased four air line res pirators for the painters. This was a result cf the fact that the peinters complained about the lack of respirators. Since the first rush, however, these have been little used. All respirators are issued from several tool rooms. There is no regular procedure followed for cleaning respirators. The men are issued respirators, end it is their responsibility to keep them as clean as they desire. ! lfc==iv Safety Shoes: There is not sufficient: drive to the safety shoe sales program in the yard. The plant has ;ut on safety shoe campaigns, and some men, as a result, have purchas ed shoes in the city. With this kind of an arrangement, it Is little wonder that few safety shoes are worn at the yard. f-- ltr.r-: . About 8QJC of the wen in the fabrication division were said to wear safety shoes. It was the impression, after a store or. less superficial visual check that the percentage of men wear i**' ing safety shoes was much lower. The safety department feels strongly that the whole shoe program would be more effective if a shoe store could be locat ed in the yard. Since payroll deductions are unlawful, no way of accomplishing this end is seen by the safety department. At other plants, a payroll advance system has worked, l.e., the , company advances money to pay for the shoes and is repaid oh payday. 1 i Shoos: Toe several shops in both the shipyard and the fabricat ing division were visited. For the most part there was little if any exposure to occupational diseases. tt One instance of poor ventilation was noted in the section of the machine shop Where galvanised pipe is welded and cut. Three canopy hoods epd two 7OG0 c.f.m. propellor fens in the ceiling were provided for ventilation. Together the systems did not control the fumes at all adequately. In an area 25 ft. by 15 ft. about ten welders were working. The welding locations changed frequently end the percentage of the time that the fumes rose into the space controlled by the ventilation system ! was slight. In spite of the adverse situation the fume concen- ! (19) itittag -\ 4 treticns were not very high. Y.ork of this mture Is best entileted by means of a flexible-duet, local exhaust system. There Is no sandblasting here, no asbestos shop of any importance, end no other hazardous occupations ishich occasion ally we have found In other ysrds. Pine Covering Shoo; All Pibergles being used as insulation Is being put in piece with metal clips instead of with Dolflnlte cement. The practice eliminates any possible hazard from toxic varieties of Dolflnlte. Pipe coverings ere made up of a mixture of 85Jf magnesia and 15 asbestos. The materiel is prepared outside the yerd end has only to be covered with asbestos cloth before being pieced on the shops. The only health hazard involved is in the cutting of the asbestos cloth, and the danger is consider ed slight. One worker is Involved. Both Piberglas installation and pipe covering are done by outside contractors. B ! w i r---r i (0) \