Document RJDJGQmadEX5736jZq5Veq0DB

CHICAGO OCTOBER 10-14 < 1938 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, me. /- 1911, Nlil 5*W C#hjI. I". in i>i U. S. A i/I C o c o y \ nirtiaa,,)o-----N--^'--0:--llNoN''^NTNN|fl'N0tNi3NCOiOf-inrn'CfO0 } v^->^f^v. 'fjs^j '>O/1 --O^OO c*** r*H f^* -O !/ 3 >*'S JiV) V) O3__ Vu) 4> s *.3 3- a, 2 3 _. 4> o cS Z c oc w <* = a cu ! O -2 5"S? &s*S o .5 1(8<J.1e*- i 4> -"SSs 1 IDw 0<-.S2 .5 i 5c c - 2 *3 .2 S X o 41 oo . co Z -fl3r*U|~$so. <rA -iwC .3 -- " o | -1 < q e o -~--w a Ifl 4> O _ --nC 9J E c o - tf> 5 c " fi -- >>- co W -- 3 ,2 Sfl'o i/i 2 > fl ** _c c .2 4 V) o o a x <a 3 !5 ww Vi V> 33 *5 -3 c= c= !/ V CO 2B m a - C >. fS 2 co w e 22 c i *wW W ^" O>. =-C *3 T3 = .^2 =^S2 > C 5 12 s3 _< cO-- >--o1 <9 4^ 3*5 Uu *is1 OO T3 Ou a, S - -c_ ij 4> o >- E ~ - c 3 o o t*. 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X2 *.: 31~ I s < > I< s 2 -~ n Z " =3* ?: * -" 3 - X 'i 2 5 ^ y - C - - 2 .' -si? 31 * .-: * - ni -- X . w - 5 Ir: ~ ^ x >. * J. - -0 - = 1^ lS'S-5 * 3 C 3 -c 3 -C -w x 7. 2 *rx; f - - Jj X V x - ** .j d; t: * j zy " u"s " J i /. . ^ ~- e 5 * *C i U 3 -2i ..aa ~ *~ ^ <" * . r* p 'Z L5*</: -- W w < <3 M a .'2 3 wu J3S O[5 5 V? ii 16 *w _ *1 .2 '" j -5 J s* - 3 Zc i.2 ?<3 1.5 i^'3 eur^i -- | = ~ UJ * i &t.:i g g* a j:ViU t: 5 >. =*' || * 5 a5':* %-J. n- ? *< 2- "X? = .* * U - 'w 2 - s" a 5 y~ "= S Ip 5.^1 _ 2g 2 c- S 2 t S5 S5 Ui 3" / I /. i ^ r" Pu/ = *ic _ ->ri. --: . >9 -I 3 oT ro 5 o 4 s-Ui! ^ co X = -7 , ? -ft - w^ * Z -- CO On =- I '/ i i 'A 'i < '-z' uo QC o =a!i7_T-=3r5:=-- H u LU Q OFFICERS A N D DIRECTORS, Continued .3 3Z OFFICERS A N D DIRECTORS, Continued '. 2. |u <-? u 5-S sH ss c '% i .2 1 Ss 2 |.j 2r r*sa 5 *8 1 M 6 ^ 5 _ u o '-J -- V O3 j~j . So U 5' tt oto 13 1S * (3 w e- ^ 2-- 20 i e s , | 53 e S .. 0 30 (J o_ a U <3 -3 u3 3 (_> in Vw -- 3 Io 1-3 Xyk i3 ^5(3 3O = U ICEftS A N D DIRECTORS, Continued O 3,* u S. i<3 "<j .= .2 2 -J5>; 3 ^ *- s 2 J5 O vi -- s (3 __ 3 3 ; J lj 'r- *<2 J* s " o<n-i t5j - .2 . .2 ^ .2 c u2-- V VC.2 -fly 5 .2 .= '5 t/5 W o-i= i.o- 2 . 5^2-* ,, * VJ o 5_ JJ -* s ^ >A % CJ , *> 3 -- ,2 . C y V) 2 -3sG. I*: J-- 2 * * '5 S ' " *ig! u 0O .23 ,tu <1 s3 n O. &5 C^ S -a 2* <?* ? s J ?! X ~ n p % ; a//. 5 cn c v5 X O 'rt gi:x. f . C/l u* 2 i X* X v o 2 w s6 2 <S O U * a U < xa c * i / >< . 1 2 0 u -C 3* IU \A ? a* ,3 Z = >* B 3 X j 2 -- " Q ^ (j 3 s <J 1 ? o S * U ov = 5 w <3 'S .2 ^ * wV5 J *3 3 -J --25- 2 i 75?' u ^ ,W/V.,*552. .3K2COto. C JTW 5 -a jfil 5 2 ? * :y a "3 u > ft. 5 5 > i :- 5"* ^w r S 55 & -SI 2 ~ < * . N^i >* il v. -1 .3 o 5 QW _;. -i ^X* -jf ,7X. S wU l iQ< a 5i^ 2 ^ u s ; J ~ < Ci J; 2 53 i5'j- t-'sgy = U ^ ^ </i ~ >. y> a _ /> o o si -- 2 * i/i S.s? n *r 3 03JVJS 3u 5y5 e v< Q u w u Six u*ia 3 rt # *C * 3 2 X ! a g >: ti. 2.9y S 2 K xj i.U"_-yy.usO,-.-^ow i*;2<o*- ?a* ^ g 5 S ;; " a X y O3 i 3 - .1 J J '-A = "111 *J ^D ^ - *^0 5 is*|j J 5 s "1 3 = :- i 25J U 5 ^7. a d a a 2 3 U 0 r * < 3 ->: J= atf u iC-i OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, Continued A. C. !\:<>kk<:f.r. Rochester Safety Council River. Paterson Safety Council F. . A. fvt'HKHT-i. Textile Section .# Rector i<(jiiin*><in*. E.t'tkiv Safety Council I-'. A. Rnuixnx. Paper & Pulp Section U. E. 1<ockh>ht, Power Press Section k.uwr l.. Ror.rxs, Jr., Chemical Section A. V. Kohwkdkh. Duluth, Missabc & Iron Ranee Railway Companv Walter Ronbniiaum. Western Pennsylvania Safety Council G. E. Santoro, General Electric Company Henhv G. Schaffnkr, Eric Safety Council Harry A. Sctici.tz, United States Steel Corporation of Delaware Charles B. Scorr. Past President Eari. S. Shaktzeh, Utica Safety Council Frank T. Sheets, Portland Cement Association Gk.v. Jons H. SHRRnuvNE. Massachusetts Safety Cmtticil l)x. L. A. Shouuv. Bctltleliem Steel Company Ernkst L. Simonds, Xew Haven Safety Council . Juuoe Lr.E E. Skew, Cleveland Safety Council C. W. Smith. Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Wai.tek Dent Smith, Delaware Safely Council W. A. Snow. Construction Section R. T. Soi.enstex. Elliott Service Company Lf.si.ib j. Sorenson. City Traffic Engineer, Chicago . E. C. Si'iuxo, Philadelphia, Pa. Gkorok K. Stephens. Safety Bureau, Buffalo Chamber of Com- mcrce 0*1.. John Sth.u-et.u Consolidated Edison Company of N. Y. Inc. Arthur M. Toufi. Consulting Marine Engineer C. P. Toiaian, Past President Mr.i.i. E. Trammell. Metals Section Ckokhi: G. Tkaveh. Greater Chicago Safety Council, luc. Major R. IYTrimiilk. Richmond Safety Council . Frank E. Yitjt. Superior and Douglas County Safely Council Du. B. I,. Yosiiuhui, General Electric Company Dr. David E. Wkci.ei.v. Baltimore Safety Council Dr. C. H. Watson, Past President (_ Wise Wescott. Safely Dept., Auto Cluh of Rhode Island S. E. Whitish, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company . A. W. Whitney, National Conservation Bureau Chaxi.es 1C Wilson, General Motors Corporation }'. B. Wr.vsi.mv, Safety Div., Birmingham Cliamhcr of Commerce W. E. Worth. International Harvester Company Arthur H. Ywnr, Past President E. .1. Zauft, Safety Bureau, Duluth Chamber of Commerce 8 c l''-' ' ` ." i'.. ... , . *; acc ti\c T' pror t'p" it ' .V' >vtt; arc sice dev lllj': ' have If. !.o a dual agencies and w n\ s opportunities tor be physically drs <uinme>i up t>v j equal qualities of phcant's ability anj add an unlimited ^'severance. inserts, ork and success u ill Disease THURSDAY MORNING SESSION October 13. 1938 T!:i' <e"iun ior llic discussion uf out standing proiikii" m die field ni occupa tional disease was called to order hy the Hon. f'. .1. Angsten, Chairman, the Illinois Industrial Commission. Chicago, who pre- sided, 1 lie Chairman emphasized the im portance of the selected -objects to lie pre sented by eminent speakers, and promptly introduced lltc first scheduled speaker. The Trend of Occupational Disease Legislation By HENRY D. SAVER Manager of the Casualty Department. Association of Casualty and Surety Executives Let u< consider the difference* between the accidental injury and the occupational di*ca*c. h'or these distinctions are important and nm*t constantly he home in mind when wc consider either legislation on^tlic sub ject of disease, or engineering methods of prevention or control. flcnerally speaking. accidents occur at a spccihc moment in point ot time, and, from the standpoint of fixing liability under any policy of insurance. it i< in the future; that is to <av. at the moment of the acceptance of liability under any insurance contract the accident for which liability may be as sumed has not yet happened. That fre quently is not so with the occupational dis ease. Insurance by its very nature can only assume liabilities that have yet to arise---nut those that have already accrued! Again, speaking generally, the industrial accident is something that can he seen-- even though unforeseen. It may be visual ized and described in words, setting forth specifically the time, place and maimer of happening. It can then he determined, after the happening of the event, whether it was preventable or inevitable; blame, if any. can be assessed; the worker involved, or bis foreman or superintendent, can be shown the fault, anti effective measures can be taken to guard against % tike future hap pening. Hut some will <ay, truly, not all accidents happen in the manner described: that not ahvavs are they held to occur only at a specific moment or under circumstances where they can lie visualized and described. Hy administrative and court decisions, it i\ true in some jurisdictions that the definition of "accident" has been greatly broadened. We find (lie entrance of disease germs into the human system without visible trauma, with resulting sickness or death, and even the specific time and place not definitely known, except that it is shown to have probably occurred in the employ niei.t, being hchl to lie an accident. ([tiers vs. Hull, trs App. t>iv. Ut>. ICi N.V 7f.T. .in Anthrax rav; Venticn vs. X, *v I .fit t.iim. her Co.. IC*I \Vi. j*C, a lynhui.l c.i* . amt others.) J'oisoning of the body through the effects of. a deleterious or toxic substance used in the employment, the dangers of which were unknown to litc worker, the employer hav ing lieett negligent in safeguarding properly the use of such substance, lias been held (o he the result of an industrial accident. (Victory tn<arklr & Socially C*>. vs. Franck*. 14/ Maryland, 264; anil (lie very recent case of Black vs. Crern Amo C. Iowa Supreme Court. August S. 192*. 2St, V.\V. 159.1 And where negligence of the employer has been shown, an injury to health, even though not occurring through a happening at a given time and place, hm hy repeated 6 I8s iif-i Is rrMiM illld y ^ ji- ; ; Z Z 7 3? s >- - a pm - - = iM i-i: : = h!1LrEc ~" --V--. 'I':*_"s- =2'- "= zi'tsa - .r = I - : I-Hi: * - s 3B 5 2"=- '-Z= s~= iis 55 = = s .2 .s J f =m, . + 5-- -Sa5 5 : - : ? - -H ' - 5 z i uO i s - 5. _c "- T t " '.'4~ "<3 5 7 ^ ' :7 = 2 4 - 7. 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I ~ 5 1JX i = ffilH siM's U 5 ?"* S iw5w5 :/: 8 5 |1 , -;.n- " - * ~ ~ ml 0 = u.. wn t- "-- -- Si*i .. n V o -- is V v a o .5 V -- " ^ ^ v > -'-a v-. --M ^ ~ *" 1 5 v . 2 s-c s - 1 1 = i> 5 2 u ,, ; > -;.S !^> ;;S.55?.S- 2 * = .o^ = v|`5 S 3 * I: ; - jrHlri ?wsS i ? 2 "J.bi1 HsSS *:= -3 sg~ - ir >J2 S - ^ - 2 3 = .if 4 si'H 3 "*!* Z= e.i = e_ rl-lli: 3 S' .5 s- C's ?- ~ ^ ~ . 2 ' ' * : ~ i = ^ =- J ^ " *C - "T l * - - -- I : i ."t 2 i " _!= f r ri - lfii!t*S U /V v ^ ^ ^ = - - .=. 1 x ; t - - * ^V = sj Ii~i II z -. ' -1 ~ ~ y ^ v w - " I !- |= Vr 4i : i [ ;' 2 i -5 2 2 S f?l I:=-4 _2 4- -- c . -j if2 I= I I; 7-' 2 ' - = - -` - 5 = J; x - 7 " .r 5- - H/ -; 1 5- ^^ -- M-fi '' k- ^ eli!-s== =;': : 5 JlTi! I I i - = " = X ~ <= = ' I = -' 5 ^ o i4;jhi -S-2 5 -- _ w /; -- s - : 11 : i : " l - 7 .x - 7 /> = 5^?` = 7>"==M: = =1 -. :.= > _x f = >. v " ^ `Biz.sii = " ^ * - --" w = i " 2 = 5 = = - - * = B?" rs-'Soo>2* 7 V ;S " y , "' j5 5- J: S -: ss -- v -->2- -4 1 y ---<* v = _ ~ .3 _T "2 _ -- .: ^ ~3 _ Z ; ^ .1 - ?-2 / -~ = : s = A- - =" T - =- 1 X "-5 2- --nv . -i _n c' .2 'i= -X -.=3-'s-rt = -= sSx x o=2 " -- ~. 1.?. * = 2 = J ' ... - y iv'~ . -: 2 4 5 - s- =- ; r . = 2 r-- - S' T z : lu-Hi -= 11:'I'! 2 S 521 i-ztK* ~'~-vo-Zrt z. Z x= ^ = ~~ j- u .. _ - = = ?* = ; :c rt # ** j :/? 5 J- = o - y s -= v 2 2 ^ " s w "N y 2. " si-si*: . e. fl w .- in 1 = oe -.23 -*: c -- WS 5sic*i.i -ntll&I S =S "C = -i = = 2- 7 0 w o .,.r 2 -S^S' I c *5- - -ci y i5 ll 13S^ 1 ft .^siii - -- ~ .-. sxr. v _22 TT S-- ^ ^ ^ x = * 5 's - i 5r-s 5 -- t J c -= ~ Sis g ii -- 5 *- 75. 2. -52 -T-^I 'S'7 | a-s = = 2 S . 5*=o-2'5-gf8i-"5 - - "; s t< ^ x , _ !:MV3 5 4!i"s = I 5^.2 S c 3*- -4O vS r2t ---4 S 2 :2 5r Jl51flIi! |^5i -gfi s V v2l^i^-1 - : r: r 7 <l--ii/ l-^T^l J's - -S = ~ "li j'1 i-ih 111 : 2'5 2 ;.S 5oj?!^'.3 n 5xi v -; u .= X _ V I:s38^ s - r* : lS i-- i-x I S>"- 5-s is* i% z J s" S ~s s c -j r?>' Z ` *3 S .3 S' 2 1 = 3~ .X si ii' s |oZO So SUxi S S .Ij * Kit If I-! ?ei'' 1,1 :fli 5" = *3 3O K81iC:i;>. Z = IF^l 2 -5 i s'iy * i 2 ^ .= . 32-s3:`i ,hi:si "sl Is *75:5 ! srtwS" g 5? iS t - 5 - * s j,"" X :- 4s-s;v^- =:| fl ji J3i Hi - : ,_2 ^ BI r. s , -J -S S If Is _-2 e- S "sca --rt :fi. "y -0 LI,? 7.-3= ^2 M l.i!] 4o, ",...32 inI 2 W V" '"= I Ilf *.l 5 r = .3 X2~u "=^ X^ xS a li-i -'ii 3 ; .;* .1 ; r . -J If a i = T i ; -s-5 3-i-e i . 2 I -= l ?- - :: >.-; - = 3 2 - ?5 . " ' = _ - ' ^ ~ ' "; 2 o.-f_. .-:-- n ^ -- ^ i : 5 " '-i " y a ^z r * ' * 1 --- ^ 5 -= ^ ' - i 1 ^ i " i .51 i-r ' 7 = ^-r .. 3 J -- - 2-7. " 1 ' V -w ?; " y :: ... 1 : * 3 - s ^ T: -M I-iJ--ts .= ,, . - 75~! v i z .2 -= | .j. " ^..:. - g - ::J ^-s*r--a=z;z_s " -- i~ " r" sC= =Ci - - .-, __ v r i i =-j1 i J i Hi-I i .2 _ - 2 -d ?; v -s = i5siM - t 1^-5 == i ? -? "" 5 = i 1 ^ 3 : M ^ -i '= 5 1I i >. t-i = ; v - f .-_5 v_ - ,2 " rt s-'-^r . . ^^ S' Cj. : i1 4< y *,, T - - s 54 2 i ' = 2 `2i. i ! .a 1 % o^ O1 rr ut s l t: * 1 = . ; "i J s ? -j !.= - . ' - - -- = "5 * " -r ' * " i: Li-: --s .v J-- w/ --. 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'5 s sJ.= ^ * : 1.1 ?|SS* 1 5 -3 a * S 4 "Jsiil'i: ; - a .3 :oq3!jo?J, IsM^fpc- ?i=l-iiissHsE * llfwj IH = 1!; I!=:"3I isM = ilJHI-- fi!l|it|i|i{ 'VJ -J IT 5? gs*s' ec-g*^2--"S^v s,, z -2 - 5 ytt 1-5 -= 7* l.8 5: S-= =i - -?. *5.s 5^3 - ?-S -gf r^SfceS--^ I > T -s n -5 g X g, ^ -- - y ,> 3 .= 5 *|*~ ss!t."Is . ^ w w i. = 7* i I 3 = bJ3 S| 3.2 S- :"5> 9 5 '* ilii'ji' iiiJllia 2? - 3 " ~ 5 -- 7 -- > -w i 22& Silver Jubilee Safety Cmujre.u of the '.vmptoins experienced by the patient should be recorded. The point U tluit tacts should ue recorded and not guesses. It t> more important, for example, to know that ten men in a given occupation were dis abled by "pain in the stomach'' than to getten different guesses- ot the disease or ailmerit causing the pain. Another item of importance on the record is "hy whom diagnosed." and should show whether the diagnosis was made by the family phys ician. plain physician, nurse or the patient himself. L'nder "termination'' of ease, one should record whether the illness terminated in recovery, death, relapse or ended in a chronic condition. The following statistical information and data are. therefore, possible if the'items listed in the slide just shown you are care fully prepared. . I. The frequency or severity rate of any given di*c0`i: for the entire plant, individual departments or occupations. 2. The time lost due to any given dis ease or to all diseases combined in the en tire plant or by departments, or occupation. J. The mortality mte. -4. The case fatality rate, expressed as the percentage ot cases of a given disease which terminates fatally. \ The intelligent application of preventive measures, of control* of health preservation must have statistics and they will always he an integral part in the solution of any problem. That ft holds true in industrial hygiene is represented in my next slide which sltows that the strength of any wheel is dependent on cacti and every spoke and each is dependent upon the other, otherwise your structure is unbalanced or collapses. ADJOURNMKXT tfessm TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 11, 1938 Tlic nrt meeting of delegates to the Steam Railroad Sessions was called to order hv Mr. W. W. Wood. Superintendent ot Safety and Welfare. Uahmiorc & Ohio Hailroad Company. Raltiniore, Maryland. who presided. Chairman Wood briefly nut. lined the significance yf the programs of the two sessions |ilamic<l. and then miro. duced the first speaker. * "HiddenJZauses" By FRED VV. SARGENT President, Chicago and North Western Railway Company, Chicago 1 We have seen the evolutionary growth J of accident prevention work from its in* ccption, as applied to the American rail* road*. /Many of ns Here knew Mr. Ralph *. C Richards intimately, anti discussed his hopes ami ambitious with him frequently, j Though lie met from time to time with dis* * couraging results, yet he never surrendered. .- He laid the foundation for safety work that t is vastly enlarged and is rapidly ripening t into collateral lines that arc of benefit not } only to employees and managements but to the entire economic ami social structure ot | the country. . * In the beginning, and even until rather " recent times, the greatest emphasis was laid * upon working rules and physical conditions v of plant and facilities: iu other words, a ? ifc place t<5* work. There was every rcai son in the world why the greatest emphasis * should I>c placed upon these factors, and, v indeed, we are nut yet so far along that f ire can afford to lessen our efforts with ^ tmtioit to these matters. In the beginning, the idea of a surgical s department was to care Cor men and women tatter they were injured. Gradually this * ( conception has been enlarging and changing j into a broader field and greater service, if A a greater service is possible. This depart* ment no longer has as its sole objective the healing of wounds and the saving of "i toman lives after injuries. Gradually, steadily, the whole conception of safety work lias progress'd and evolved until to day it lias become a nationwide activity, drawing to its cause the hc*t minds ami the finest characters in our social structure. And with this greater interest in the work it has been lint natural that the whole scope, theory and conception of the under taking should gradually enlarge to embrace the wider field of accident prevention, to which I am aUmt to refer. In recent years many, of the railroads have enlarged their conception of this work and have come to the realisation that safety work involves not only safe tools, safe ua> and structures, and safe surroundings, hut involves likewise, and with ctpial impor tance. the very physical and menial condi tion and attitude of the employee or <.nicer himself. With lids thought in mind Wi nnie changed the title of the head of our surgical organization from that of "Chief Surgeon" to that of "Medical Director,'* because if men arc to avoid accidents know that they must not only he sur. rounded with safe working rules and safe working conditions, hui they themselves must he physically and mentally fit: and that the so-called human clement, always and ever present, most constantly lie reck oned with if vc are to achieve the ultimate beneficial results so earnestly desired. And so it i.s that in all this work, whether i.i Vi'cw (on railroad right 'I be permuted when tea'* removed. ifniiig should by jcivcn ot rams by sounding die iccord.mce with the law . regulations of these requirement-* will ,%rlves stop crossing acci- only an lid to a general Responsibility - are involved in 00 per ng accidents. Since there automobiles and 232,902 ule. (he opportunity for is apparent. The public. . definite responsibility in . and enforcement of such csult in: .ction of motor vehicles cars will be barred from latinri of (he licensing ol hose mentally ami pliys< and those with a rcrord g will not be permitted to the highways not only <ls at grade cros'iu.g* hut tnselvcs that the way is iptins to cross the tracks, early show that the rail,.s their opportunity peractual progress in rCtiue-nts. However, they have motorists ami they are ..idi in an elective manit is necessary that the the cooperation of state .lie officers in policing the otsings connection with .ics on the streets and plan of this nature--beIs and the public--would ircctive mean* of check.ml reckless driving over The railroads as a rule ixpaycrs in the cities and ich they operate and are peration. $ { education and Jaw ation is merely a method 3'team Rtitlroud 743 of informing the public as to the number of accidents their causes anti how they may he avoided. With this limited application of effort, automobile accidents of all kinds have been constantly increasing. We have found in our efforts to prevent accidents to employees that we must supplement onr educational methods with rules regulating the conduct of the individual and that such rules to be effective must be enforced. It is imperative that a similar procedure be followed if we arc to curb the rccklcssnc** inherent in certain motor driver*. Ninety-rive per cent of the motor driver* of tTtis country arc competent and careful, ft is to them that we appeal to aid us m thc-enforccment of such rules ami regula tions as arc necessary to eliminate from our highways the one and one-half million drivers who arc reckless and incompetent. THURSDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 13, 1933 Safety and Public Relations By ROBERT S. HENRY Assistant to the President, Association of American Railroads, Washington, D. C. The safety movement, which constitutes one of the proudest chapters of American industrial achievement, naturally falls into two main divisions. Safe conditions must be created, in the first place, hut there must l>e also created a safe state of mind. No doubt the pioneers of the safety movement encountered industrial managers wilting enough to install safe equipment, but skeptical as to the need or the value of the education ami exhortation needed to instil! safe ways of thinking. Every man knows that to get hurt wilt cost him time and money and suttcring, these skeptics might have said, so what's the use of going to a lot of trouble to tell him so? He'll take care ot himself! Fortunately, the safety pioneers rcalircd that safety was a matter of the minds of men just as much as a matter of machines, and that the safest equipment and the safest rules did not. in ami ot themselves, make a safe man. They fought their bat tle for safety on both fronts--safe condi tions. yes. but safe thinking as well, achieved through constant iteration and reiteration of simple principles. The early leaders of the safety move ment pioneered in a field broader than their direct goal of promoting personal* safety. They pioneered in- the field of ecuring and organising the wide-spread un derstanding and cooperation without which tbfcir movement must have failed of its full measure of success. How well they and their successors did the job is told in the statistics of declining accident rates, of lives and limbs saved. , In these latter years, American industry is faced with the need for another sort of understanding and cooperation on (lie parr not only of those employed hut of the whole public which our industry serves. In die short space of little more than a century, our American scheme o enterprise has settled and civilized a continent, it has made possible a standard oi material plenty and well-being unknown before :n the his tory of the world, and unknown chew here in the world today. U'c are : >'<l that one- third of the people of the nation are ill-fed. tll-ttouscd and ill-clad, but it -I:- uM b- borne in mind that when tin's American was of enterprise beam to luuciu r a century anl a half ado. practically the pop ulation was ill-fed. ill-housed and ill-clad, according to our modern standards. Mis takes have been made, perfection i- a long way olT, but there is in the record c*f achievement much solid ground for pride. Today, as never Itufore, tKu he*t opera tion. the safe functioning, thcNvry exist ence of the vast and varied organization of our economy of free enterprise, depend upon public understanding and appreciation of what it is, what it docs, how it works, what it means to all of us. The safety movement is built upon safe .i ,i Id i .7. i: i