Document RJ2nwnYj4brao2vyx7GOYvZ5n

FILE NAME: Oil Industry and American Petroleum Institute (API) DATE: 1955 Nov DOC#: API163 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: The Medical Bulletin Article - Environmental Factors of Occupational Origin Related to Carcinogenesis *? V r/N 4r ' Mf DIC es of management and labor, eventing occupational derma- ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OF OCCUPATIONAL ORIGIN RELATED TO CARCINOGENESIS* IAN MACDONALD, M.D.#* IY Although 179 years have passed since the first cancer of occupational idustrial Dermatoses, J. A. M. A. Incidence of Occupational Derma- otorigininclwudaes iadevnatriifeietyd,oofnclyauisnesthoef pdaisffte3r0enytetayrpsehsa,smthaneyliostf bteheenmepxetecnudlieadr I. 111:1523-1528 (Oct. 22) 1938. s of Certain Occupational Dermalie Effect of Alkali on Skin, Effect to certain industries. The list now includes a considerable number of agents for which there is unmistakable evidence of carcinogenicity and rrgents, A. M. A. Arch. Derniat. & a still longer list of suspect substances for which proof of their ability to evoke a neoplastic response is still lacking. As is consistent with thc- gitimate Field for General Praeti- complexity of human cancer in general, some of the more recently ac quired knowledge in this area lias posed more problems than it ha:; ,i of the Census, 1950, table 12-1. answered. From the standpoint of the industrial physician, there are two 1YNOI rmatitis, with Additional Reference Committee on Occupational Der- respects in which occupational cancer is by good fortune dissimilar to most of the known causative factors for cancer in general: much of f the Council on Industrial Health, the constantly accumulating knowledge of occupational factors has Solvents and Dielectrics, Including 344. brought into sharp focus the hazards of occupational exposure to cer tain agents, and once these environmental factors in industry are identi f MEDI of Skin Cleansers and Protective . J. Indust. Med. 5:204-212 (Oct.) fied their control is usually entirely practical. In many instances cancers of environmental origin have been demonstrated to present an epi r demiological picture as clear as that of many of the controlled infectious irr )il Dermatitis, Indust. Med. 21:573 diseases. 'V C.: Some Causes of Cutting-Oil id. 22:28 (July) 1953. It will be obvious that the increase in occupational factors both es I I V HO tablished and suspect as carcinogens during the past several decades is AL DERMATOSES HEALTH a reflection of the increasing degree of industrialization of our society, some phases of which have moused the curiosity, some phases of which aL dean Medical Association have aroused the curiosity and active interest of experimentalists in cancer. The number of industries utilizing substances from which it is f MIDI . Vi ) known or suspected that carcinogens may be derived is increasing, and jlogy and Syphilology the occupationally and environmentally exposed members of the popu lation are, as a corollary, increasing. In industry as in medicine there is \ /f7~ vl.D. greatly increased exposure of personnel to radioactive waste and de 1YHO tion gradation products. Among the newer chemical hazards in the occupa tional environment one thinks of the utilization of mncromolecular .D. .D. Reprinted with permission from Journal of the American Medical Association, Jan. 1, 1955, Vol. 157, No. 1. m , M.D. 0"School of Medicine, University of Southern California. 193 'V TH E M E D IC A L B U L L E T IN Name Soot Arsenic Paraffin oil Shale oil Pitch and tar Crude oils (some) Sun (ultraviolet rays) Aromatic amines Roentgen rays Schistosoma hema- tobium Roentgen rays, radium Anthracene oil Betel nut, tobacco Diet deficiency Radium Lubricating oils Creosote Benzol Uranium Radioactive rays Chromates Nickel carbonyl Asbestos Radioactive rays Tar fumes *0., E,, and M. = 200 Table 2.-- Environmental COarrgcainnsogens Date Discoverer Affected 1775 Potts Skin (scro- turn) 1822 Ayrton Skin 1875 Volkmann Skin 1876 Bell Skin 1876 Mnnouvriez Skin 1879 Hurting and Skin Hesse 1893 Unna Skin 11980925 RFrcileinlien 1911 Ferguson Bladder Skin Bladder 1911 Von Jagicz, Schwartz, and Von Sicbenrock 1913 Rambousck 1915 Davis Bone marrow (lukemia) Skin Month 1919 Mouchet and Liver Gerard 1920 Lcitch and Skin Sequira 1922 SouWtliilasmon and Skin 1924 Cookson 1928 Dolore and Skin Bone Bergamo marrow (lukemia) 1929 Lowy Lung 1931 Martland Bone 1932 Alwens Lmig 1932 Stephens Nasal sinuses and lung 1934 Wood and Gloyne Lung 1934 Neitzel Lung 1936 Knhawnta Lung occupational, environmental, and medical. Nature of Exposure" O. (chimney sweeps) 0., E. 0. (lignite and shale oil industry) 0. O. o. O. sa(ifloarrms)ers, O. (dvc iudustr; O., M. E,, O. (Egypt) ()., M. O. Habit (India, Malay) E. (poverty diets, Africans, 0.,ChMin. ese) O. (mule spinners) O. O. 0. O., M. O. 0. O. 0., M. 0. ENVIRONMENTAL EA< Carcinogenic si a hazard both to general. The pot basis of their nat ponding to then biological. Their soil, or in the wa of initial contact and eliminative seems entirely p toxicologic pract: is the necessary ally exposed. 1. 0 upational mont of Health, 1! 2. llneper, W. < Agency, p. 10. iKi i B N ' IN environmental factors of occupational origin related to carcinogenesis ircinogens rgans Nature of Sected Exposure0 Summary Carcinogenic substances incidental to industrial procedures represent :in (scro- O. (chimney a hazard both to those occupationally exposed and to the population in turn) sweeps) O., E. general. The potential carcinogenic materials may be classified on the basis of their nature, their environmental site, and the target tissues re VI 1 V N O I O. (lignite and shale oil industry) sponding to them. Their natural state may be chemical, physical, or biological. Their environmental site may be in the atmosphere, in the OO.. soil, or in the water. The tissues responding to them may be at the site of initial contact or in organ systems concerned with their metabolic If O. and eliminative processes. The control of these environmental factors O. (farmers, sailors) seems entirely practical on the basis of current industrial hygiene and toxicologic practices. An awareness on the part of industrial physicians lder OO.., (Mdy. e industry) is the necessary starting point for the protection of those environment ally exposed. Ider E,, O. (Egypt) O., M. REFERENCES irrow ^utemia) 1. Occupational Cancer: A Challenge to the Physician, New York State Depart ment of Health, 1949, pp. 10-13. O. Habit (India, Malay ) E. (poverty diets, Africans, Chinese) O., M. 2. Hueper, W. C.: Environmental Cancer, Public Health Service, Federal Security Agency, p. 10. O. (mule O.spinners) O. row emia) OOo..., M. es O. lung ;dicai.