Document R2y2EmXey2z6axbxRrZj0NjNV

jvs&esTos UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION . METALS DIVISION . P.O.BOX 579 . NIAGARA FALLS, NX 14302 . TEL: 71S-278-3376 August 20y 1979 Dear "Calidria" Asbestos Customer: As part of our continuing effort to emphasize the importance of keeping you, your employees and your customers advised of the best practices for using asbestos safely, we are enclosing herewith a copy of our Material Safety Data Sheet for "Calidria" Asbestos, dated September 1, 1976. Additional copies are available from this office upon request. In addition, we are enclosing copies of two pamphlets published by the Asbestos Information Association/North America (AIA/NA) as follows: "What You Should Know About Asbestos and Health" and "Recommended Practices for Handling Asbestos Fiber." Also enclosed is a listing of other published material available from AIA/NA. Copies of AIA/NA material may be obtained directly from AIA/NA. Please advise each of your employees who handles our "Calidria" asbestos that you have such safety data sheets available for reference and deliver to them the foregoing pamphlets for their information and protection. If you do not receive sufficient pamphlets so that each employee handling "Calidria" asbestos will receive one copy of each pamphlet, we will be happy to furnish you with additional copies. We are also concerned that your customers and ultimately their employees be kept informed by you of the best safety practices for using your products containing asbestos. We would like to express our appreciation for your business. Please let me know if we can serve you better in any way. Very truly yours. /rmm Encs. i ]_ lology ' UCASB00650115 PRODUCT: Chrysotile Asbestos TRADE NAMES: "Calidria" Asbestos CHEMICAL FORMULA: Mg6(0H)8Si4010 I. PHYSICAL DATA BOILING POINT AND MELTING POINT: Not Pertinent SPECIFIC GRAVITY (HzO = 1): 2.45 VOLATILE CONTENT: Absorbed Water 1 -- 4% By Weight. Structural Water Approximately 13% by Weight. APPEARANCE: Pellets or Fine White Powder. No odor. Very Slight Solubility in Water. II. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS Asbestos contains no hazardous ingredients. However, the material itself can be hazardous under certain conditions. (See V below.) III. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA NON-COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL: No Fire or Explosion Hazard. IV. REACTIVITY DATA INERT MATERIAL: No Decomposition or Polymerization Conditions. V,HEALTH HAZARD DATA PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE TO AIRBORNE CONCENTRATION: The current Occupational Safety and Health Standard (CFR 29,1910.1001) contains the following exposure limits: "The 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed 2 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the membrane filter method at 400-450 X magnification (4 millimeter objective) phase contrast illumination. No employee shall be exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method just noted.'' EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE: CAUTION: Breathing asbostos may cause serious bodily harm. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES: No acute toxicity. Use respirator if airborne asbestos fiber concentration exceeds OSHA limits. VI. SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES STEPS TO BE TAKEN IF MATERIAL IS RELEASED OR SPILLED: Avoid inhalation of dust. Remove spilled material by vacuum cleaner or by water wash. WASTE DISPOSAL: Bags and waste and scrap materials should be disposed of in a manner which will avoid airborne concentrations of asbestos, such as the use of dust-tight trash bags or containars. Ensure that disposal complies with all applicable federal, state or local regulations. Union Carbide Corporation assumes no responsibility and makes no warranty, expressed or implied, repre sentation, promise, or statement as to completeness, accuracy, or currency of any data provided. UCASB00650116 VII. SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION VENTILATION: Local exhaust for each operation is preferable. {See American National Standards Institute booklet, Z9.2 -- 1971.) General area exhaust Is acceptable. No special considerations. PROTECTIVE GLOVES: None EYE PROTECTION: None RESPIRATORY PROTECTION > The current Occupational Safety and Health Standard CFR 29, 1910.1001 contains the following require ments for respiratory protection. AIRBORNE CONCENTRATION'2) CEILING 8-HOUR EXPOSURE'3' CONCENTRATION 2 maximum 10 maximum 20 maximum 100 maximum 200 maximum 1000 maximum MINIMUM REQUIRED MASK TYPE'4' Not required when allowable limits are not exceeded. Reusable or single use air purifying respirator. Powered filter positive pressure. Over 200 -- Type C positive pressure, air supplied. (1) Allowed only during the time required for installation of engineering controls, when engineering controls are not technically feasible or adequate, and in emergencies. Current OSHA standards require that no em ployee shall be assigned to tasks requiring the use of respirators If, based upon his most recent examina tion an examining physician determines that the employee will be unable to function normally wearing a respirator, or that the safety or health of the employee or other employees will be impaired by the use of a respirator. (2) Fibers per milliliter greater than 5 microns in length, as determined by the membrane filter method at 400-450X magnification {4 millimeter objective) phase contrast illumination. (3) 8-Hour time-weighted average. (4) Only masks certified by NIOSH as acceptable for the exposures encountered may be usad. OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: If the ceiling concentration limit is exceeded, clothing providing whole body covering shall be supplied and its use required. VIII. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS Every place of employment where asbestos fibers are released must be monitored to determine exposure levels. If the permissible time-weighted average and ceiling concentration limits are not exceeded, no special pre cautions are required except: a) Bag damage and dusting should be minimized and dust inhalation avoided. b) A comprehensive medical examination is required for any employee exposed to airborne fibers within 30 days of first such employment, annually thereafter and on termination of employment. c) Personal work clothing can become contaminated with asbestos and may constitute an exposure hazard. Such clothing should be handled and laundered in a manner to avoid airborne concentrations of asbestos. d) Substantial medical evidence indicates that smoking will increase the risk from asbestos exposure. Those working with asbestos should not smoke. Where exposure limits may be exceeded, reference should be made to the regulation CFR 29,1910.1001 for details on caution signs, monitoring, change rooms, protective clothing laundering and record keeping. UCASB00650117 TO: Asbestos Information Association/North America . 1745 Jefferson Davis Highway Arlington, Virginia 22202 Phone (703) 979-1150 -------------------. (Date) Please forward the materials noted below. VVe understand that we will be billed for costs plus shipping charges. ' Handbook--"ASBESTOS--Federal & State Regulations" in three-ring binder. $16.50 each. Quantity A monthly report of items of interest to the asbestos industry. S48.00 per year to non*AIA/NA members. ' Quantity VVhstVou Should Know About Asbestos And Health "What You Should Know About Asbestos and Health." Employee infor mation pamphlet. 5"x7" 25C each. Quantity__!l IfJEV. 4/791 "Recommended Practices for Handling Asbestos Fiber." Heavy coated stock poster. Il*xl4" printed blue on white for employee information boards. 25c each. Q u antity Also available in 3V*" X9" pamphlet form suitable for mailing in #10 en velope. 10c each. Quantity Booklets--"Friction Material Work Practices Guide"--.lfl each Quantity Booklets--Recommended Work Practices--$1.35 each "Fabrication and Use of Asbestos Paper Products" . Quantity "Shop and Field Fabrication of Asbestos Sheet Products" Quantity "Molding and Fabrication of Asbestos Containing Plastic Products" Quantity "Fabrication and Use of Asbestos Friction Materials" Quantity "Use and Handling of Asbestos Textile Products" Quantity_______ __ UCASB00650118 Pamphlets-- "Asbestos in the Atmosphere--A hazard to health?' 20C eaCh Quantity___ "Asbestos in Water--A hazard to health?" 20c each Quantity. Poster Series-- "Asbestos Health Hints for the Workplace." lSrx23' in ' various colors. Available at 40c each or complete series at $2.40. :nr.rr:.-- *.*: 17 r....... ***"'**.*?_ dust spills... never dry sweep! WheitiU required, always use your respirator! If you don't sircokenov^ don't start. If you do jrf smoke, quit! & | Quantity ________ Report unsafe cxmditicrjs immediately! Quantity _______ ..... Repair brbScsn^Jf Quantity ----,, - Use change rooms andloc&exs! Leave dusty /su% clothes j.^atwaStf immediately! Quantity ________ Quantity _______ Quantity Set of Six Posters _ (Quantity) ' Films--AIA/NA can make available, on a loan basis and at no charge, the edueducational/training 16 mm films: "Working With Asbestos" (J-M, 20 min.); "Asbestos, The Indispensable Mineral" (J-M, 20 min.); "Living With Dus/' (3M. 15 min.): and "Asbestos at Work" (A1C-. UK, 20 min.). Special Mailing Instructions: Company Address r*iio ......... UCASB00650119 RULES AND REGULATIONS Title 20--LABOR Chapler XVII--Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Depart ment of Labor PART 1910--OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS Standard for Exposure to Asbestos Dust On December 7. 1971, an emergencytemporary standard concerning exposure to asbestos libers was published in the Federal Register (36 F.R. 23207). In ac cordance with section 6(c) (3) of the Williams-Steiger Occuptalonal Safety and. Health Act of 1970, a notice of proposed rulemaking regarding a permanent standard for exposure to asbestos libers was published In the Federal Register on January 12, 1972 (37 F.R. 466). The no tice invited interested persons to submit botii orally and in writing, data, views, and arguments concerning the proposal. On or about January 24, 1972, the Ad visory Committee on Asbestos Dust was established and requested to make writ ten recommendations with regard to the proposed standard on asbestos. On or about February 1, 1972, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare trans mitted to the Secretary of Labor a cri teria document containing Recommenda tions for an Occupational Exposure exposure to asbestos fibers and the ap Standard for Asbestos by tho National pearance of adverse biological manifes Institute for Occupational Salety and tations. such as asbestosis. lung cancers, Health (NIOSH).Publicnotico was given and mesothelioma, have given rise to of the receipt of the recommendations controversy as to the validity of the and their availability for inspection and measuring tecimiques used and the relia copying. On or about February 25, 1972, bility of the relations attempted to be the Advisory Committee on Asbestos Dust established. Because of the long lapse submitted its written recommendations of time between onset of exposure and to the Assistant Secretary ot Labor for biological manifestations, we have now Occupational Salety and Health. evidence of the consequences of exposure, Pursuant to the notice of rule making, but we do not have, in general, accurate a hearing was held on March 14 through measures of the levels of exposure oc 17,1972, for the purpose of receiving oral curring 20 or 30 years ago, wldch have data, views, and arguments concerning given rise to these consequences. There the proposed standard. On or about are also controversies concerning the March 31,1972, the presiding hearing ex relative toxicity of the various kinds of aminer certified to the Assistant Secre asbestos, and varying hazards In dif tary of Labor for Occupational Safety ferent workplaces. and Health the record of the proceeding. It is fair to say that the controversy The record includes prehearing written has centered in the area between a two- comments, a transcript of the oral pres fiber TWA concentration and five-fiber entations mado at the hearing, and nu TWA concentration, with variations on merous exhibits received during - the tho time needed for compliance. Many course of the hearing or within, the pe employers support a five-fiber TWA. riod allowed after the close of the Most medical opinion is divided between, hearing. a two-fiber standard and a five-fiber The proposed standard dealt with (l) standard. permissible concentrations of asbestos In view of the undisputed grave con libers; (2) methods of compliance; (3) sequences from, exposure to asbestos warning signs; (4) monitoring; (5) med fibers, it Is essential that the exposure be ical examinations; and (6) recordkeep regulated now, on the basis of the best ing. Each of these major proposals elic evidence available now, even though It ited comments, arguments, objections, mRy not he as good as scientifically de and counterproposals. They all have been sirable. An asbestos standard can be re examined and considered. evaluated In the light of the results of 1. Acceptable concentrations of asbes ongoing studies, and future studies, bub tos dust. The proposed standard would cannot wait for them. Lives of employees limit occupational exposure to H-hour are at stake. time-weighted average (TWA) airborne It Is concluded that there should be concentrations of nsbestos dust not ex one minimum standard of exposure to ceeding five libers longer than five asbestos applicable to all workplaces ex micrometers per milliliter. Concentra posed to any kind, or mixture of kinds, tions above five fibers but not to exceed of asbestos. Reasons of practical ad- 10 fibers (celling concentration) would ministration preclude a variety of stand be permitted up to 15 minutes in an hour, ards for different kinds ot asbestos and but for not more than 5 hours in any one of workplaces. Also, while the evidence B-hour day. tends to show that crocidollte, for in NIOSH in effect hns recommended stance, Is more harmful than chrysotile, that the five-fiber TWA and 10-flber the evidence Is not sufficient to establish peak concentrations be permitted only separate standards for varieties of for 2 years; thereafter, TWA concentra asbestos. ' tions should be not more than 2 fibers Because there must be one standard per cubic centimeter (cm.1) of air, and governing exposure to all varieties of peak concentrations should not exceed 10 asbestos, and in workplaces apparently flbers/cm.', with no time restriction. more hazardous than others; because Numerous objections and counterpro some present employees with regular ex posals have been made, with regard to posure to asbestos hove probably al both the limits of asbestos fiber concen ready accumulated great doses ot asbes trations and the time periods to comply tos fibers, due to higher levels of ex with them. Some, for example, have rec posure in the post; because It appears ommended return to a 12-fiber standard that levels of exposure which may be of an earlier day; i.e., a level adopted safe with regard to asbestosis are not under the Walsh-Healey Public Con safe with regard to mesothelioma; be tracts Act in 1969. Others have recom cause the statute requires the protection mended a two-fiber standard to become of every employee, even of one who may effective in 6 months, then a one-fiber have regular exposure to Rsbestos during standard for 2 years, and finally a zero- a working life which may reach, or even fiber standard after 3 years. These rec exceed, 40 years; and because of several ommendations give a fair indication of other considerations which have been the wide spread of the counterproposals. urged and are reflected in the record of No one has disputed that exposure to tiro proceeding, the conflict in the medi asbestos of high enough intensity and cal evidence is resolved in favor of the long enough duration is causally related health of employees. As of July l, 1976, to asbestosis and cancers. The dispute is TWA concentrations of asbestos fibers as to the determination of n specific level longer thun 5 micrometers will not be below which exposure is safe. Various allowed to exceed two libers/cc., with a studies attempting to establish quantita celling value of 10 flbcrs/cc. The current tive relations between specific levels of TWA concentrations of five fibers, and FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 37. NO. II0--WEDNESDAY, JUNE 7, 1972 UCASB00650120 RULES AND REGULATIONS 113i9 ceiling concentrations ol 10 llbers/cc, fibers, so that these would not be released 6. Records. The standard, as proposed will be permitted until July 1. 1076, dur in the normal use ol the products, should and as adopted, requires maintenance of ing what will be a transitional period not be required to be labeled; and (2) records of monitoring and or medical deemed necessary to allow employers to words such as "danger" and "cancer" are examinations. Most of the controversy in make the needed changes lor coming unwarrantedly alarming. this area has revolved around the ques into compliance with the more stringent Both contentions have merit, and the tion whether an employer should be al standard. . standard has been changed accordingly. lowed to have access to the results of The record shows that the many work 4. Monitoring. The proposed standard the required medical examinations. The operations subject to the single asbestos would have required personal monitor apprehension of those who have argued standard (textile."manufacturing, indus ing and environmental monitoring. against employer access is based on the trial. and marine installation, etc.) will Many Issues have been raised concerning expectation that some employers will use meet varying degrees ol difficulty in the availability and reliability of meas the medical examinations as a means of complying with the standard. In some uring instruments, frequency of moni screening employment applicants, and plants, extensive redesign and reloca toring. and conditions in which monitor worse, as grounds for discharging current tion ol equipment may be needed. It ap ing should be required. The adopted employees, who show signs of being af peals, however, the delay in the effective standard takes the objections into con fected by exposure to asbestos. Since the date ot the two-flber standard will pro sideration. It requires periodic monitor purpose of the medical examinations is vide all employers a reasonable time to ing at Intervals no longer than 6 months, to monitor the health of employees ex comply. At the same time, so long as the thus allowing considerable time and dis posed to the hazards of obestos, em- . ceiling limit is complied with, no harm cretion, and prescribes the use ol the ployees cannot in reason be granted the Is reasonably expected to result Irom ex membrane filter method, which-is an ac privilege of refusing to disclose to their posures during the transitional period. ceptable method lor determination of employers results of occupational expo 2. Methods ot compliance. It has bean asbestos fibers. sure. It does not make sense to require pointed out by many persons, that pro It has also been recommended that employers to provide medical examina- tection against asbestos fibers is best employees or their representatives should .tions if they cannot know and use the obtained by controlling the generation of have an opportunity to observe the results of the examinations. For these fibers first, and secondly, by controlling monitoring. The recommendation has reasons the standard provides that em the dispersion ol released fibers into the been accepted. ployers may have a restricted access to ambient air ol the workplaces. Thcrelore. 5. Medical examinations. The pro some medical information. the standard requires leaslble techno posed standard would only require an On the other hand, there is no Inten logical controls and appropriate work appropriate medical examination on a tion to allow employers to abuse medical practices as the primary means of com periodic basis. The generality ol the pro information obtained pursuant to the pliance. Rotation of employees as a way posal has attracted many objections and Act, to the detriment of employees. of meeting the TWA concentration re also many helpful comments. The recom Therefore, the administration of the quirement is allowed only in stated ex mendations ol NIOSK and ol the Advi medical records requirement will be ceptional circumstances, because, as a sory Committee on Asbestos Dust wore closely watched, and. In cases of abuse, general rule, it would be difficult to im much more specific with, respect to both appropriate action will be considered. plement. Personal protective equipment, such as respirators, cannot bo relied upon because, among other reasons, they may be so uncomfortable as to ba bur densome. except lor short periods ol frequency and typo of medical examina tions to be required. The comments vary as to the class ol employees to bo ex amined and as to the frequency ol the examination... The Issues discussed above are believed to be the major ones. Numerous other is sues have been raised in the rulemaking proceedings. Some have been referred to incidentally. Many recommendations, for time. Therefore, it is expected that res The adopted standard requires medical instance, about work practices, are so pirators and shift rotation will ba used examinations both at the beginning and obviously meritorious that their adop during the period necessary to install en the termination ol employments exposed tion needs no exposition here. Other gineering controls and to train employ to concentrations ol asbestos fibers, and recommendations and many objections ees in sound work practices, but, after also requires annual medical examina have not been adopted for a variety of technological compliance has been tions of every employee exposed to air reasons which should be manifest. Sev achieved, their use must be limited to borne concentrations of asbestos. It has eral, for instance, have recommended special work situations and emergencies. been pointed out that in certain indus the use ot respirators only pursuant to a Where both are practicable, shift rota tries, such as construction, an employee variance, or to cases ot emergency and tion is required. 3. Labeling. The proposed standard stopped short of requiring labeling as bestos and asbestos-containing products. may work for several employers during the same year. Accordingly, the standard does not require either preemployment, or termination, or periodic examinaton occasional short-term exposures. The recommendation with respect to vari ances undoubtedly has many merits, The proposed standard would have_ re of any employee who has.been examined but is considered administratively im quired only warning signs at locations in accordance with the standard within practical. where asbestos hazards are present. the past year. Accordingly, after consideration of the However, labeling, rather than warning signs, has proved to be a point of con troversy. Both NIOSH and the Advisory Committee on Asbestos Dust recom mended labels lor asbestos products and One question which has been raised goes to whether the employer or the em ployee should be allowed to choose the examining physician. The standard gives the option to the employer. Since whole record of the proceeding, and pursuant to sections 6 (b) and (c) and 8(c> of the Wllliams-Stelger Occupa tional Safety and Health Act of 1970 (84 containers, and these recommendations some employers already have a medical Stat 1593, 1595, 1599; 29 U.S.C. 655, became very controversial In the course examination program in operation, and. 657), 29 CFR 1910.4, and to Secretary of ot the proceeding. Many counterpro proposals have been made as to the lan guage ol the warning as well as to the products to be subject to the labeling requirements, fimployers, in general, also, have medical departments with some expertise In the diagnosis of abeatos-related diseases, it seems more reasonable to permit them to utilize the present programs and expertise, than to Labor's Order No. 12-71 (3G F.R. 8754), Part 1910 of Title 29 of the Code of Fed eral Regulations Is amended as set forth below. strongly contend that (I) finished prod permit an employee to choose a private (1) Section 1910.93 Is amended by re ucts which effectively entrap asbestos general practitioner. vising Table G-3 to read as follows: FEDERAL .REGISTER, VOl. 37, NO. 110--WEDNESDAY, JUNE 7. 1972 UCASB00650121 11320 RULES AND REGULATIONS 1910.93 Air contaminants. to which any employee mBy be exposed (d) Personal protective equipment-- shall not exceed two fibers, longer than (1) Compliance with the exposure limits Trace o-3--Mmrxu. Dojis 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of prescribed by paragraph (b) of this sec air, as determined by the method pre tion may not be achieved by the use of Substance MppeT Mf/U> scribed in paragraph (c) of this section. respirators or shift rotation of em (3) Ceiling concentration. No em ployees, except: siirco: Crystalline; Quart! (rtsplreblch. Quartz (Iota! dust).. CxlstaboUte: Use the mlue calculated from the 250* lOms/M* " ployee shall be exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer than (i> During the time period necessary to install the engineering controls and to institute the work practices required 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of by paragraph (c> of this section; asio,+ air, as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. <ii> In work situations in which the methods prescribed in paragraph (c) of *& either techntadjy not count or mass forraulti for quartz. , Tndymltc: TJsftHtheT&lu* calculated from tbo for* mules forqunrtt. Amorphous, Including natural dblomaceous earth................ `* . f.2^7 ' fensibIe or feasible to an extent insuffl- not limited to, isolation, enclosure, ex- tcloiennst oto ^re1d,u^c0e3thfelbeairrjbboernloewc-tohnecelinmtriats- .' 20 80nm/M* %31D) haust ventilation, and dust collection, shall be used to meet the exposure limits prescribed In paragraph (b) of this section. prescribed by paragraph (b) section; or fill) In emergencies. ' of this "" 6iHra(ro Hits than \% crys* tallmesilica): __ Mies............................................. So*pitou...._.------------ - j Tiilc......................... ............... roctlnnd cement__ ......... 60 Cmphlti' (natural)........*.. Coot dust (respirable fraction 15 If.-S Ihnn i% 810;)................ .................... For more than 57c SJOi..................... Inert or Nuisance Diet: JcrrplmUle fraction............ Tot.il dust..... ........... 15 60 . ^,, JLlmg/M* or IQmg/M* %S10t+2 Mmy/M* Note: Conversion factors-- mppc/X35A- million pnrtfeln per cable meter -particles per c.c. i Minions o( particles per cubta foot of Ur, based on linplngrr simples counted by Hghbfleld technics. f Tltu percentage of crystalline tUlea In the formula Is the amount determined from lr*bome samples, except In those laslnnet* In which other motbods bare brt'n shown to be applicable As d jii rmlrird by the membrane niter method at 3 X phssc contrast magnification. Doth concentitvtloii and percent quartz /or the replication of this limit are to bo determined from tltc (r.tcnon passing a size-selector ultii the following chomcleristlcs: Ai roil} nnmie tliamticf mult density sphere) Percent passing selector * 00 2.5 75 15 SO 6.0 2e 10 0 TJtf inc.vnfementa under thU noto refer to the ase of sn AKC instrument. If the respirable friction of com dus: ts determined with a MRB Uio figure correspendinff to thnt ol 2.4 Mc/M' In the table hr coal dust is 4.6 Mg/M*. 2. A new 5 1810.93a Is added to Part 1910, reading as follows: 1910.93a Asbealoj. (a) Definitions. For the purpose of this seetton. (1) "Asbestos" includes chrysotile. amosite, crocidolite, tremo11te, anthophylllte, and actlnolite. (2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos fibers longer than 5 micrometers. (b) Permissible exposure to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers--(1) Standard, effective July 7, 1972. The 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed five fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air. as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. (2) Standard effective July 1. 1975. (il) Local exhaust ventilation, (a) Local exhaust ventilation and dust col lection systems shall be designed.-con structed, Installed, and maintained in accordance with the American National (iv) Where both respirators and per sonnel rotation are allowed by subdivi sions. (i>, (ii), or- (ill) of -this subpara graph. and both are practicable, person nel rotation shall be preferred and used. Standard Fundamentals Governing the (2) Where a respirator is permitted by Design and Operation of Local Exhaust subparngriiph (1) of this paragraph, it Systems, ANSI Z9.2-1971, which Is In- ' shall be selected from among those ap- corporated by reference herein. proved by the Bureau or Mines, Depart (b) See 5 1910.6 concerning the avail ability ol ANSI Z9.2-197J. and the maintenance of a historic file in connec ment of the Interior, or the National In stitute for Occupational Safety and Health, Department of Health, Educa- tion therewith. The address of the Amer ican National Standards Institute Is given in 1910.100. (ill) Particular tools. All hand-op erated and power-operated tool3 which may produce or release asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits pre tlon, and Welfare, under the provisions of 30 CFR Part 11 (37 F.R. 6244, Mar. 25. 1972), and shall be used in accordance with subdivisions (i), (ii), (ill), and (Iv) of this subparagraph. (i) Air purifying respirators. A reusa ble or single use air purifying respirator, scribed in paragraph (b) of tliis section, such as, but not limited to. saws, scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills, shall be pro vided with local exhaust ventilation sys tems in accordance with subdivision (il) of this subparagraph. (2) Work practices--(I) Wet methods. Insofar as practicable, asbestos shall be handled, mixed, applied, removed, cut, scored, or otherwise worked in a wet state sufficient to prevent the emission of airborne fibers in excess of the ex posure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, unless the usefulness of the product would be diminished thereby. (ii) Particular products and opera tions. No asbestos cement, mortar, coat ing, grout, plaster, or similar material containing asbestos shall be removed. from bags, cartons, or other containers in which they are shipped, without being either wetted, or enclosed, or ventilated so as to prevent effectively the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (ill) Spraying, demolition, or removal. Employees engaged in the spraying of asbestos, the removal, or demolition of pipes, structures, or- equipment covered or insulated with asbestos, and In the removal or demolition of asbestos in sulation or coverings shall be provided with respiratory equipment in accord ance with paragraph (d) (2) (ili) of this or a respirator described in subdivision (11) or (lil) of this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour time-weighted aver age airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed no more than 10 times thosfe limits. (H) * Powered air purifying respirators. A full facepiece powered air purifying respirator, or a powered air purifying respirator, or a respirator described in subdivision (iii) of this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the concentra tions of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits pre scribed In- paragraph (b) of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour timeweighted average concentrations of asbestos fibers ore reasonably expected to exceed 10 times, but not 100 times, those limits. Oil) Type "C" supplied-airrespirators, continuous flow or pressure-demand class. A type "C" continuous flow or pres sure-demand, supplied-air respirator shall be used to reduce the concentra tions of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits pre scribed in.paragraph (b) of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour timeweighted average airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 100 times those limits. section and with special clothing in ac (iv) Establishment ol a respirator pro The 8-hour time-weighted average air cordance with paragraph (d) (3) of this gram. (a) The-employer shall establish borne concentrations of asbestos fibers section. a respirator program In accordance with FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 110--WEDNESDAY-, JUNE 7, 1972 UCASB00650122 RULES AND REGULATIONS 11321 the requirements of the American Na where asbestos fibers are released to be subparagraph shall conform to the re tional Standards Practices for Respira monitored in such a way as to determine quirements of 20" x 14" vertical format tory Protection, ANSI ZB8-2-lfl6>, which whether every employee's exposure to signs specified in 51910.145(d)(4), and is Incorporated by reference herein. asbestos fibers is below the limits pre to this subdivision. The signs shall dis b. See 5 1910.6 concerning the avail scribed in paragraph (b) of this sec play the following legend in the lower ability of ANSI ZS8.Z-1969 and the main tion. If the limits are exceeded, the em panel, with letter sires and styles of a tenance of on historic file in connection ployer shall immediately undertake a visibility at least equal to that specified therewith. The address of the American compliance program in accordance with in this subdivision. National Standards Institute is given In paragraph (c> of this section. 5 1910.100. (2) Persondl monitoring--(1) Sam (c) No employee shall be assigned to ples shall be collected from within the tasks requiring the use qf respirators If, breathing zone of the employees, on based upon his most recent examination, membrane filters of 0.6 micrometer po- Legend Asbestos' 1" Dust Hazard--------------------- Notation Sans Serif. Gothic or Block. >4" sons Serif. an examining physician determines that rosslty mounted in an open-face filter Gothic or the employee will he unable to function holder. Samples shall be taken for the Block. normally wearing a respirator, or that determirtation of the 8-hour time- Avoid BreathJing Dtust... 14" Gothic. the safety or health of the employee or weighted average airborne concentra-' ProteotI" Vi" Gothic. other employees will be impaired by hisuse of a respirator. Such employee shall tions and of the ceiling concentrations of asbestos fibers. ^ uemoln in area Unless Your Work Re ii " Gothic. be rotated to another Job or given the (il) Sampling frequency and patterns. quires It. opportunity to transfer to a different po After the initial determinations required Breathing Asbestos Dust 14 point Gothic. sition whoso duties he Is able to perform by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, May . Hazardous .To with the same employer. In the same geo samples shall be of such frequency and Your Health. graphical area and with the same senior pattern as to represent with reasonable ity. status, and rate of pay he had just' accuracy the levels of exposure of em prior to such transfer, if such a different ployees. In no case shall the sampling bo position is available. done at intervals greater than 6 months Spacing between lines shall b8 at least equal to the height of the upper of any two lines. (2) Caution labels--(i) labeling. Cau 13) Special clothing: The employer for employees whose exposure to asbestos tion labels shall be affixed to ail raw- shall provide, and require the use of, spe cial clothing, such as coveralls or similar whole body clothing, head coverings, gloves, and foot coverings for any em ployee exposed to airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers, which exceed the celling level prescribed in. paragraph (b) of this section. (4) Change rooms: <i) At any fixed place of employment exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers In ex cess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph tb) of this section, the em ployer shall provide change room3 for employees working reEUlarly at the place. <ii> Clothes lockers: The employer shall provide two separate lockers or con tainers for each employee, so separated or isolated as to prevent contamination may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of tills section. (3) Environmental 7nonltoring--(l) samples shall be collected from areas of a work environment which are represent ative of the ail-borne concentrations of asbestos fibers which may reach the breathing zone of employees. Samples shall be collected on a membrane filter of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8- hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations and of the ceiling con centrations of asbestos fibers. (li) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, and other products containing asbestos fibers, or to their containers, except that no label is required where asbestos fibex-s have been modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder, or other material so that during any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, disposal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of tliis section will be released. (il) Label specifications. The caution labels required by subdivision (i) of this subparagraph shall be printed in letters of sufficient size and contrast as to be readily visible and legible. The label shall state: Caution of the employee's street clothes from his samples shall be of such frequency and work clothes. pattern as to represent with reasonable Contains Asbestos Fibers (Ill) Laundering: (a) Laundering of accuracy the levels of exposure of the Avoid Creating Dust asbestos contaminated clothing shall be employees. In no case shall sampling be done so as to prevent the release of air at intervals greater than 6 months for Breathing Asbestos Dust May Cause Serious Bodily Harm borne asbestos fibers in oxcess of the ex posure limits prescribed In paragraph (b) of this section. (b) Any employer who gives asbestos- contaminated clothing to another person for laundering shall inform such person of tho requirement in (a) ot this subdi vision to effectively prevent the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in para graph (b) of this section. (c) Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers, and labeled in accordance with para graph (g) of this section. (e) Method of measurement. All de terminations of airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers shall be made by the membrane filter method alf^OO-WO X (magnification) to millimeter objective) with phase contrast Illumination. (f) Monitoring--(1) Initial determi nations. Within 6 months of the publi employees whose exposures to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the exposure limits prescribed In para graph (b> of this section. (4) Employee observation of monitor ing. Affected employees, or their rep resentatives, shall be given a reasonable opportunity to observe any monitoring required by this paragraph and shall have access to the records thereof. (g) Caution signs and labels. (1) Cau tion signs, (i) Posting. Caution signs shall be provided and displayed at each location where airborne concentrations of asbestos flbers-may be in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. Signs shall be posted at such a distance from such & location so that an employee nmy read tho signs and take necessary protective steps be fore entering the area marked by the signs. Signs shall be posted at all ap proaches to areas containing excessive concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers. (h) Housekeeping--(l) Cleaning. All external surfaces In any plRce of employ ment shall be maintained free of accu mulations of asbestos fibers if, with their dispersion, there would be an excessive concentration. (2) Waste disposal. Asbestos waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equip ment, and asbestos-contaminated cloth ing. consigned for disposal, which may produce in any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, processing, dis posal, or transportation Rirborne concen trations of asbestos fibers In excess of the exposure limits prescribed hi-paragraph (b) of this section shall be collected and disposed of In sealed impermeable bags, or other closed. Impermeable containers. (1) Recordkeeping--(l) Exposure rec- ords. Every employer 6hall maintain rec ords of. any personal or environmental monitoring required by this section. Rec ords shall be maintained for a period of at least 3 years and shall be made avail able upon request to the Assistant Secre cation of this section, every employer (il) Sign specifications. The warning tary of Labor for Occupational Safety shall cause every place of employment signs required by subdivision (!) of this and Health, the Director of the National FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, HO. 110--WEDNESDAY, JUNE 7, 1972 UCASB00650123 11322 RULES AND REGULATIONS Institute lor Occupational Safety and tlons. Records shall he retained by Health, and to authorized representa- employers for at least 30 years. tlves of either. (ii) Access. The contents of the rec- (2) Employee access. Every employee 0rds of the medical examinations nnd former employee shall have reason- required by this paragraph shall be made able access to any record required to be available, for" inspection, and copying, maintained by subparagraph Cl) of this to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for paragraph, which indicates the em- occupational Safety and Health, the ployce's own exposure to asbestos fibers. Director of NIOSH, to authorized physi- (3) Employee notification. Any em- clans and medical consultants of either ployec found to have been exposed at any of them, and, upon the request of an em- time to airborne concentrations of asbes- pioyee or former employee, to his physi- tos fibers In excess of the limits pre- clan. Any physician who conducts a scribed in paragraph (b) of this section medical examination required by this shall be notified in writing of the expo- paragraph shall furnish to the employer sure as soon as practicable but not later cf the examined employee all the infor- than 5 days of the finding. The employee matlon specifically required by this shall also be timely notified of the cor- paragraph, and any other medical Jn- rective action being taken. formation related to occupational ex- (J> Medical examinations--(1) Gen- posure to asbestos fibers, eral. The employer shall provide or make available at his cost, medical exnmina- 3- Anew 5 1810.10 is added to Subpart tlons relative to exposure to asbestos re- B of Part 1910, reading as follows: quired by this paragraph. (2) Preplacement.. The employer shall provide or make available to each of his employees, within 30 calendar days fol lowing his first employment In an occupation exposed to r.lrborne con centrations of asbestos fibers, a compre hensive medical examination, which shall include, as a minimum, a chest roent genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 Inches), a history to elicit symptom 1910.19 Asbestos dust. Section 1010.93a shall apply to the ex posure of every employee to asbestos dust in every employment and place of employment covered by 9 1010.12, 3 1910.13, 3 1910.14, 1910.15, or 5 1910.16, in lieu of any different standard on ex posure to asbestos dust which would otherwise be applicable by virtue of any of those sections. atology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (P70 and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEVL,). Effective date. Paragraph <b) (2) of S 1910.93a shall becomo effective July 1, 1976. All other provisions of 33 1919.93a, 1910.93, and 1910.19 shall become effec (3) Annual examinations. On or be tive July 7, 1972. The current emergency fore January 31. 1973. and at least an temporary standard remains in effect nually thereafter, every employer shall until July 7, 1972. provide, or make available, comprehen (Secs. 6, 8, 84 Stat. 1590, 1S98; 09 UJS.C. 655. sive medical examinations to each of his 6S7; 29 CFR 1910.4: Secretary of Labor's employees engaged In occupations ex Order No. 13-71. 38 F.B. 6764) posed to airborne concentrations of as bestos fibers. Such annual examination shall Include, as a minimum, a chest Signed at Washington, S.C., this 2d day of June 1972. roentgenogram (posterior-anterior 14 x G. C. Guenther, 17 Inches), a history to elicit symptom atology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include Assistant Secretary of Labor. IFR Doc.72-8574 Filed 6-6-72;S:4B ami forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEVt,.). (4) Termination of employment. The employer shall provide, or make avail able, within 30 calendar days before or after the termination of employment of any employee engaged In an occupation exposed-to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination which shall'Include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (pos terior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to Include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced e:tpiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,,). (5) Ilccent examinations. No medical examination -is required of any em ployee, if adequate records show that the employee has been examined la ac cordance with this paragraph within the past 1-year period. (6) Medico! records--(1) Mainte nance. Employers of employees examined pursuant to this paragraph shall cause to be maintained complete and accurate records of ail such medical examina- What You Should Know About Asbestos And Health UCASB00650125 co TfJl) -- > O a c *oU o O) - * CO > Q) o |S 00 ^O x0 o _CLQ. 1 <*> g >*t j* s Co " c 1 (0 O <0 n0? in <0 u. O O 0) 5 Do O v_ > 3 O o >N Q) . Ou. a o -Ct-D* <0 O (D o ir o CL >> to i= 2| m < X) 0) (0 JO (0 o CO x: ~ Q. E 6 a> 2 CD X> >> 1 5 c o .> o O2 <0 J3C 3w <p 2 > co o CO *uo. CO N CO a TO = E c a> a> i_ 3 cw co 3 O a > <0 " cp *2 XI CO c o *o --o >o 03 > TD --c- Ol. ^L> CL o5 *C0 (D -C Q> o (0 J'ZoDZ> o =5 CO 3 ^3O>N sCt_oz *5^ -c 15 _e co jC r- ~CO is3 CO 5 2-1 'n o J UCASB00650126 i?2 52 f 3 o-a <0 wra co O --TJ oci co 2O c o M oo. z"rtot!zS're--c5ms^"--=oo,,Oogf5-l)^"cro_dJjg-oo (0 COa> x: ? 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