Document R2RxxD53Zmr590kypbGmvvDv

280 CHAPTER 18 1965 Guide And Data Book Additional air is required to replace air entering chimneys through draft hoods and barometric draft dampers, and also to provide ventilation in closely confined boiler and furnace rooms. Experience has shown that the ventilating air openings required in heater rooms depend not only on the size of the heating plant but also on the type of fuel being burned, the relative size of the equipment room, the tightness of building construction, and the operation of exhaust fans or other devices which affect the static pressure in a building. Because of the number of variables involved in establish* ing air requirements, and the variations in building con traction and arrangement, there is no universally accepted rule for providing ventilating openings. However, the im portance of providing proper ventilation should not be underestimated, and a failure to do so may result in erratic or even dangerous operating conditions for equipment Rules for providing air supply openings are found in technical standards, in state and municipal building codes and in service and installation bulletins published by various manufacturers of fuel-burning appliances. The following brief rules may be used as a guide: 1. Residential hating equipment installed in unconfined spaces in buildings of conventional construction does not ordi narily require ventilation other tKn normal air infiltration. 2. Commercial heating equipment installed in unconfined spaces with inadequate infiltration requires openings to outside equal to the total area of flue outlets on all fuel-burning equip ment in the space. 3. Residential heating equipment installed in confined space having unusually tight construction requires two openings to the outside. Free area must not be h-- than 1 Bq in. per 4000 Btu per hr input with vertical ducts or 1 sq in. per 2000 Btu per hr with horizontal ducts. Upper openings should be in the ceiling or as high as possible in the ride wall; lower opening should be in the floor or wall below combustion area inlet to appliance. 4. Commercial heating equipment in a space having in adequate infiltration requires two openings to the outside, each pot teas than 1 sq in. free area per 5000 Btu per hr input. Open ings shall be located above highest draft how relief opening or draft regulator opening and below combustion air inlet to heating equipment respectively. 5. Operation of exhaust fans, or kitchen fans, usually requires that sufficient fresh air be admitted to the boiler room to over come any negative pressure. Fireplaces may also require special wnngMemtinn, REFERENCES 1 Five Hundred Texts of Various Coals in Househeating Boilers (U. 8. Bureau of Mines Bulletin No. 276). * A P. Kratz, S. Konzo, and D. W. Thompson: Combustion EMeienae* as Related to Performance of Domestic Heating Plants (University of Illinois, Engineering Experiment Station Circular No. 44). .. 1 Quality of Anthracite as Prepared at Breakers (U. 8. Bureau ofMutes Report of Inoestigatien, 1935, R. L 3283). * D. W. Lockhn and G. V. Parmdee: Rating of fuel oils by a test unit (ASHVE Transactions, Vol- 57. 1951, p. 139). ' D. W. Lock!in: Should fuel oil specifications be modified? (Fueloil and Oil Heat, November 1957, p. 75). * ASTM Test Designation D611-55T. ' W. A. Sullivan and E. B. Glendenning: Tomorrow's fuel oil__ The effect of catalytic distillates on home heating ofl quality (Fueloil and Oil Heal, May 1945, p. 38). * J. C. Reid and A. B. Hersberger: Burning index for dis tillates (Fueloil and Oil Heat, January 1947, p. 90). * W. R. Morgan: Condensation of Moisture in Flues (University of Illinois, Engineering Experiment Station Circular No. 22). l' Corrosion and Deposits tn Boilers and Gas Turbines (ASME, 1959). u Effect of Soot on Heat Transmission in Boilers (U. 8. Bureau af Mines Report of Investigation No. 3272). Effect of Soot on the Rating of an Oil-Find Boiler (National Bureau of Standards Report BMS 54). u P. NichoUs and C. W. Stapels: Removal of Soot from Furnaces and Flues by the Use qf Solti and Compounds (U. S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin No. 360). BIBLIOGRAPHY Bureau of Mines Publication*: Henry Kreisinger and F. K. Ovits: Sampling and Analysing Fhte Gases (Buflrtin No. 97). National Coal Association: Consultation and literature available on utilization. Anthracite Industries Laboratories Publications Comparison af Sizes, Egg, Slope and Chestnut Anthracite (Report 2015). Anthracite Industries Manual (Report 2403). Ofl and Gas Publications: D. R. Hngin, and W. L. Oinkenbeard: Distillate Beating (fib Section 7, Petroleum Products Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book ComMay, Inc., 1960). O. C. Blade: Burner Fuel OHS (U. S. Bureau of Mines, Petroleum Products Surrey, 1961, 1962, 1963). Literature Pertaining to the Art and Science of Oil Burning for Residential Applications (American Petroleum Institute, Publica tion No. 1537, January 1960). - Combustion ("Industrial Gas Series,'* American Gas As sociation). Comfort Heating (American Gas Association). Gaseous Fuels (American Gas Asociation, 1954). F. H. Faust and G. T. Kaufman: Handbook of OH Bunting (Oil-Heat Institute of America, now National Oil Fuel Institute, 1951). E. R. Weaver: Formulas and graphs for representing the inter changeability of fuel gases (National Bureau iffStandards Journal af Research, 1951, Research Paper R. P. 2193). Lewis and von Elbe: Combustion Flames and Explosions of . Gases (Academic Press, New York, 1951). Broom's Directory of American Gas Companies (Moore Publishing Co., Inc., 48' W. 38th Street, New York 18, N. Y.). CHAPTER 19 REFRIGERANTS Physical Properties, Heat Properties, Electrical Properties, Velocity of Sound, Refrigerant Performance, Leak Detection, Effect on Materials of Construction EFRIGERANTS are the vital working`fluids in refrig- Heat is removed from the system by evaporating the liquid R, eration systems. They transfer heat from one place to refrigerant and is added by condensing the refrigerant vapor. soother usually for the purpose of cooling various substances. These processes occur in absorption Systems as well as in me- Toble 1 .... ASHRAE Standard Designation of Refrigerants (ASHRAE Standard 34-57, ASA B79.T -1960) JtefrigercBf Number Chemical Name Chemicof formula Kvfrigrant Number Chomfeaf Nome Halocarboa Compounds 10 Csxbontetrachloride 11 TYichloromonofluoromethane 12- Dichiorodifluoromethane 13 Mondchlorotrifluoromethane 13B1 Monobromotrifiuoromethane ecu CCLF CCbF, CCIFj CBrFi 14 ' 20 21 ` 22 23 Carbontetrafiuoride Chloroform Dichloromonofiuoromethane Trifluoromethane CF, CHCU CHCliF CHOP, CHF -30 Methylene Chloride CHjClj 31 Monochloromonofluoromethane CHiCIF 32 Methylene Fluoride CHiF, 40 Methyl Chloride CHzCl 41 Methyl Fluoride CHjF 50* 110 111 112 112a Methane Hexachloroethane PeatachloromonofluororthftnA Tetrachlorodifluoroethane Teteaehlorodifluoroethane CH --- " CCUCCliF CCIiFCCUF CCUCC1F, 113 113a 114 114a 114B2 Trichlorotrifluoroethane Trichlorotrifluoroethane Dichlorotetrafluoroethane Dichlorotetrafluoroethane Dibromotetrafluoroethane CCUFCC1F, OCUCFi CQFtCCIFt OCUFCF, bbrPtUSrFi 115 Monochloropentafluoroethane 116 Hexofluoroethane 120 Pentachloroethane 123 Dichlorotrifiuoroethane 124 Monochlorotctrafluoroethane CCIFiCF* CFiCFt CHCWCF, CHC1FCF, 124a 125 133a 140a 142b Monochlorotetrafluoroethane ' Pentafluoroethane Monochlorotrifluoroethaoe Trichloroethane Monoehlorodifluoroethane CHFtCCIF* CHFiCF* CHiClCFi CH*CC1 CH,CC3F, 143a 150a 152a 160 218 Trifiuoroethane Diehloroethane Diflnoroethane Ethyl Chloride Ethane Octafluoropropane Propane CH*CF* CHsCHFs - CHjCHid' CFjCFiCFf Uti/JUjUU* Cyclic Orvnnin Oimnramrin Dichlorobexafluoroeydobutane - C318 Monochiorohentafiuorocyriobutaag Octafluorocyclobutane CCIFt C*F, Azeotropes 500 Refrigerantel2/152a73.8/26.2wt%t CCljFt/CHjCHFj 501 Refrigerants 22/12 75/25 wt % CHClFj/CCUFj 502 Refrigerants 22/115 48.8/51.2 wt% CHClFi/CCIFiCFi Miscellaneous Organic Compounds Hydrocarbons 50 Methane 170 Ethane 290 Propane 600 Butane 601 Isobutane 1150** Ethylene 1270** Propylene CH CHjCH* CH*CH*CH* CTLCHjCHjCH, CH(CHj) CHi=CHi CH,CH=CH* Oxygen Compounds 610 Ethyl Ether 611 Methyl Formate C*H*OC*H* HCOOCHj Nitrogen Compounds 630 Methyl Amine 631 Ethyl Amine CEUNH, C*H*NH* Inorganic Compounds (Cryogenic) 702 Hydrogen (Normal and Para) 704 Helium 720 Neon 728 Nitrogen 729 Air 732 Oxygen 740 Argon H, He Ne N .210*, .78N*, .01A O, A Inorganic Compounds (Noncryogenic) 717 Ammonia 718 Water 744 Carbon Dioxide 744A Nitrous Oxide 764 Sulfur Dioxide MH, HjO CO* N*0 SO* Uosaturated Organic Compounds 1112a Dichlorodifluoroethylene 1113 Monochlorotrifluoroethylene 1114 Tetrafluorocthylene, 1120 Trichloroethylene 1130 Dichloroethylene 1132a Vinylidene Fluoride 1140 Vinyl Chloride 1141 Vinyl Fluoride 1150 Ethylene 1270 Propylene CCl=OF, CClFs^CF, CF*=CF, CHCi=ca* ' CHO^CHa CHj=CF, CH*=CHC1 CHj=CHF CHf*=CH* CH*CH*^GH*. MetJan*. ethane, and propose appear in tbe t Corner Corporotios Document Z-D-127, p. L. t these compound* ore hydrocarbon*.' baT Ore property ktimtified to tbe'dSdUon Tbe Cnenl reeponeibility for this chapter is oorzned to TC 1.9, EUfriguaitU end BHbo, end tbe Teek Group far Refrigerant TebJee