Document R2O0mzxVbkDDJO8GpxvoMLr2v

FILE NAME: Z< DATE: DOC#: Z< DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION hZZZ:ZDd WZZZZ '. _::,,::.:_:' .-t,!.- /, , :::...:.::::;:.:: .. .:::::':::::::::::::: .................. ,:::::::::::::::::', :.:.:.:::~.:.::::.:.::::::::::: .. : .. .......:.:..:.;..: ':::.:: -:.::'-:..:.: .. .. ::::.::.:-:::-:~::.:::: :.:' .. '- ... ::::.::::-:.:,::.:,:~:..:.~.:..: :':'" :',. .... ':: :::::'.::::.:',- :: :.: :. ::"::":':'::;!!i.::~~~~.:: :.: ..:.:.::......:::.::: . .... :::;:::::.. :..::....:... ............ ....... .-...:.:'.:..:::'.:::::::...:.:::.:~::. ',.....:....:. ;;.:......:',.::':-.::.:::'::'::''::-"::. ',. C::. C::. Paul: ,~~~-~:'t'~ ~ _-1~_0~_~jt~-:~NnN-~dEP.-:U..![-B~-:-[:~-~-H~-:~-:-:-:_nr;:}.=d~a=~t_:l_'o:_n~_..:.=~_.!.=R:_e:_p:_o:.:r~..:.t~[l...;U~~;:'-r~..J]~..s~~L&-~JiMR:_~r- :=':_;:&:-f:~L1j:_;:_.c:.:_ ;",="'=:<:~=~=",;/.~1-f'~r -=~IJ: ~K~E::!y~C~O~D~t~~______~K~E~y...:W~O~RD~O~R~C~H~A~R~A~C~TE~R~I;:ST~I~C~~;-:-::~;:;:=-::t--tGJ.::--:t.;;-~S,,C~~O~PAE~-:-N:O;-T~E-0S-:~)~q4<;:~-;-II;--r. . ..... ... ::.. --::~/~_-41T1Jh~e:...lp~u~l~m~02..!n~a~r::.;vLR~e...s~I2.2o~n~s~e~t~o~B~r~a~k~e~-~D~r~u~rn~l-t~tt~/~f.~,t-_lo~---Cl/\':!!::.:..J.~'-L~~=--=-=-~'-'---"---r:;:. ~~L~~~~~~D~u~s1t~:~ALJP~r~e~lii~m~i~n~a~r~'v~lILnqv~e~s~t~i~~la~t~i~o~n~.:M~--t/----~~~~~~~~:2~~---r __ -;_.:.../:-\:-' =_.::...=:.l.-'":-': :'-'-'=:- . ::~:::.:::~:I!!~~ ~ t: . ::::!';:::,~~ =~(, ...:...;..:..:..:..:..:..::::,:'..:.:~ SUIitl!ary: -ftBrake-c.:::m dust has evoked a puJ.::lODary response in rats and ha!:sters .~...... ................. "hich sU8gest that this dust is biolo;ice.l1y 'inert.' Brake-dru;n d\!st is _--- capable of producing fer:::uginous bodies in the lungs of pa~sters that ~re 1n- .................................... .:::::::;::::::::: distinguishable fro;a asbestos bodies. 11 .".:::-:::::::::::---- .:...::.:. . .: : : - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - - . . . : . . . . . . - - - - - - - : - r :... . .:.::.~.::. :~:~:~:~.~;-~-~-------------t---------I ---+------------r---------L .. :.:::::::::::::::---..:.-.~~-------------__t------------;::: : : : : : : : : : - r -:-::.:::::: ::::: -------I------------~----------------------t------------------------,---- .::.::::' I .~ . : .-:j:-/.!:::~;:~:?:f::::::.':~::::---+-----------t---~----- :~1I1:====j==:=====================+=================, ~:. '0 _ _ _ ..... ;!t ~;~~Wi~~~~~-----_4-.!~---------------------------i---------------------:,.~:';,.)(;..;.~f~~: ~~E=Y!H~~ '.. ...:. -::::::::::::::::::: .:.~::::~~~~~~~f: lS1II KEYDEX(!)lHZ-MCBEEFORMKE.1Il0 INDEX/TRACING CARD .. ) ~: .:. ........,................. . :" .. :-:::::::::-:-::.: -0:::::::'"::::::::::::::::::"'":: ...:........:..::.;;:.:::::.:..: .. .:JP71 , (4i2l 621-1100 IND.USTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA, INC. 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH, PA. 15213 Report on THE PULMONARY RESPONSE TO BRAKE-DRUM DUST: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION for JOHNS-MANVILLE CORPORATION .- by Pau~ Gross, M. D. Director of Research Laboratory Industrial Hygiene Foundation J'1I)~ l. "-'- ~ , I { - /(. I C r.\-l '- \ I (Cc... -"C l t Robert T. P. deTreville. M. D. President AN .... SSOCI ... TION 0'" I,:"OUST"<IES "'O~ T .. e: ... ov ... ",ce;Me;NT 0'" .. e; ... L..T .... ".UL.. WOFOKING CONOITIONS - i'NDGoSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA.INC 3. Three of the hamsters were killed 7 1/2 months after the injection and lung washings were obtained from. ~hese a.nima.l~ using a modified LaBelle and Brieger technique. The sediments from these washings were smeared upon slides which were allowed to dry and were examined microscopically unstained. All remaining hamsters and rats were killed 12 months after the intratracheal dosage. All lungs we re dis tended with formalin under a pres sure of 10 to 12 cm of water. Paraffin sections were cut and stain~d with hematoxylin and eosin. Pertinent fields on thes e slides were photographed after which the slides were decolorized and inlpregnated with silver usi~g .Gordon and Sweets technique. The same fields were then rephotographed. The coverslips were then removed and the slides subjected to microincineration for one hour at 6000 C. After . treatment with concentrated hydrochloric acid and washing with water, the same fields were photographed for a third tinle, but now under dark-field illumination. By printing througp a composite negative, made by superimposing the dark-field negative upon either light-field negative, a picture is obtained that relates the mineral dust to the tissues and cells. ,- , INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION Of' AMERICA,INC, 5. Longer- term Reaction A. Seven and one-half months (hamsters) The lungs of hamsters killed at this time are nearly normal except for widely scattered foci in which a few alveoli contain clusters of macrophages and the lining cells of their septa are excessively numerous and swollen. An occasional giant cell is also found in the air .spaces. Smears of ,the sedinlent from the lung washings show scattered asbestos bodies, many of which are segmented (Fig. 3). B. Twelve Irlonths (rats and hams ters) The only significant lesions found in the lungs of these animals are accumulations of dust-filled macrophages within widely scattered clusters of alveoli, associated with slightly increased arborescence of alveolar argyrophilic fibers (Figs. 4- 6). In some instances, the affected alveoli can be identified as ones that were evaginating off alveolar ducts' or respiratory bronchioles. No collagenization of alveolar walls or obliteration of alveolar lumens is demonstrable. Also noteworthy is the fact that in rats in spite of a six-fold greater dosage, the amount of alveolar i.nvolvenlent at one year is not greater than that seen at four days with .only one dose of 3. .5 mg of dust. A similar discrepancy is found in the lungs of hamsters,which also show a degree of pulmonary involvement at 0I?-e year with a t~tal dosage of 10.5 mg not greater tha n that of hamsters four days after a single injection of 3.5 mg. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA,INC, 7. dust could be ascribed to inadequa'te do~age. This ITlay be true. However, froITl a practical point of view, it is not likely that a city dweller is apt to inhale ITlore than an extremely small dose during a 24-hour exposure; and, as seen in these animals, there is no tendency for the lungs to accumulate, . 14 compact,. and sequester the du~t as is seen with ce:r:tain other dusts. Con- sequcntl y, removal of the inhaled brake- drum. dust from the lungs m.a y be expected to be good. Nevertheles s, it is advisable to repeat this study with a larger number of anim,als, using also larger dosages and allo,\\r1ng the aniInals to live out their lives. Conclus ions Brake-drun1 dust has evoked a pulnlOnary response i~ rats and hamsters I which suggests that this dust is biologically "inert. fI Brake-drum dust is capable of producing ferruginous bodies in the lungs of hamsters that are indistinguishable from asbestos bodies. INDUSTHIAL HYGIENe F"OUNDATlON OF AI-1ERICA,INC References (continued) 9. Gross, P.;deTreville, R. T. P.;Cralley, L. J.;Davis, J. M. G.: Pulmonary Ferruginous Bodies, Development in Response to Filam.entous Dusts .and a .Method of Isolation and Concentration, Arch. Path. 85:539- 546, (May), 1968. 10. Gross, P., et al: The Effect of a Synthetic Ceramic Fiber Dust upon the , Lungs of Rats, Arch. lndust. Health Q:161-166, (February), 1956. 11. Gardner, L. U.: Studies on the Relation of 'Minera1 Dusts to Tuberculosis, Part 1I: The Relatively Early Lesions in Experimental Pneumoconiosis Produced by Carborundum Inhalation and Their Influence on Tuberculosis, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 2:344, 1923. 12. Gross, P.; Westrick, M. L.; McNerney, J. M.: Experilnen1:a:l Tuberculopneumoconiosis, Arch. Indust. Health 11:320-334, (March), 1959. 13. Gross, P. and Nau, C. A.: +.-ignite and the Derived Steam-Activated Carbon: The Pulmonary Response to their Dusts, Arch. Environ. Health..!i:450-460, (March), 1967. 14. Brieger, H. and Gross, P.: On the Theory of Silicosis: ID Stishovite, Arch. Environ. Health.!2.:751-756, (December), 1967. ., , .- "l ')1'. ~ . ~"" ~.... ;:' , .. , ,*-..:.J . . ...-.... , 1 Tk .,...~ L ...... ~'t ~. ',' ' ,,. , /1:'>-. ~"it.. ,1 j'~ ...., "'-:::,-..,; ~ 1 \, t .:;," , ~,PJ ..... ,:00 .' , .. 1 ~., ,....,.. ~l ..... ~. 4 ..i'l., ',: ,~- .~, '" I "/.*1 .' 1/" ;;. .. '.J...9'1( -oi/I',",.~.,..'. '). ,,) ~I:.~, .. \;-." --..;;3" , r- -:,: ~ ~.-.z~ .. ,..loO tOo ~ :'~ .~:.,.. -,,~ '~,,, -:.,.~ .., :rir " ; f.."t~'9~," _.. If' \lI'f' "', '1",' l~.._., ,"'.c :,.....,.f."..V;'\.).~ I '.. ~ 111- ~. '\'" ' ,...... .... '.., h,.:".... , r' -: '."!. .., ~) r-~ ~. ' _ _ _:;:".. t',,,.' I ' ,.Y,.",~, . .. .. - ' .. ~ ,~.' ~ ..~;:;#';..r ,J':..,t~~ ..,.'J~l"l''''' - .,., I. ~,... ...... ' . ...... "'{r~ ,:..~J~i .. "" ~~,,,,,:: 7 ~, . 0" ... . ~_ . ' . {, ,.....(" .... J,'-' \ <?- ,.. r~'1J'- ..-.;;.... ""ft}. _'[.. -' _.. ~~.S>..,~-:\ .>~I. v~~r'C) . .'~...... _. r.l ,,: a. J v,.. ""I,',:". '-/," ~ ,~~ ~,,: ~~!,,' ,!..."1' .. ~ r, . .,.:-..1:. I~~,#"_'y".,,,,,,.-v..,",. ... ' \ " - ' ~..., .'" ;'1' l "'\,'-.' ("~1I..""",>P,{',,\':.'" ~ ""-"t".',,~-"',",:}-..\,\, ' : ......."~t.....I ,!.',.l-".i~ .. /I/I,/t"" . '. _ ' . .. ,-,..:7." " . ..... v- ':.>-' - _ . . .~-~;;:"." .' .~ j '"." .; ..' ~ ,'. .'I)...-" ) \.-.". . ;.Y" .' ',," . .~~....!rJ- ,r ~ '?'- \r.~: -~r~-1A 1.\." "~:...~-(_~. ~ ~'r ~d~4e:'', "'r-~:~.~.l.~-;,~; ~ '.j~ ....... t ~'.... O;;-,.~" 1--."A\5-','-'$''.'' .~. ,J,~w~. .. ,\, .. '> " '," .l '-., " ',\..~ .. .!. , <.!J. ? ' ," \l ,.", -> "\....'..,._.. ,..,. ,'.l".'_,. ''-W \t.... .......~ATa ." , . . , .... "'-:"I ..~. :.I- ,.;.... _ , ' -If ! ;~.r JA ,l~,"""J!./'<'; ....t.>!,, .,~,f..,.."... "."'.:..".;') ~',- ....1' f,;..;~!. -il ' , \ ".""-., ;4', - If ,i\.,-.{V. .C1.(.'o>~l".'''':C :;- ' _,~t "',,j.:' ....-:;: !C. <' , .....{, . ~",' .,' . :;',. , ........'... , .....,' - ) \":';:; ' .:..;...-..~..,,,,~~' , . , j; .::.. ; I),,.. .... '....., \'.'jr, ,:,'" ... & ..... ..'. --'...... ' I t ...... . ,.f t') '''''' _' ........ -, ... '" - "..f. 4C .... '.\' (.;, 'f 1.>( /.It;;''v ... "'r'l", i' ." ) {~;, , _~<.1..;\>.~:.,'.-\w,C. *' 'i" ",.. \... L ... ..f4 ...-<"""';.. ....... ~ _L.. ..i _ .. -.... \... b ( \. Fig. 3 Region of an alveolar duct one year after intratracheal injections of brake- dru:m dust. The tissue reaction at this ti:me is not Significantly different fro:m that of Fig. 1 and still consists only of clustered macrophages. He:matoxylin and eosin. x 150 . ~ " Fig. 4 The same field as in Fig. 3 but after silver i:mpregnation, showing minimal arborescence of mural argyrophilic fibers. Gordon and Sweets. x 150 ...."..., .\.,-rJ:.--< -'i;r-;jP "]. .! ...... r. '\~r ~/~--r- '::J~ "',..~ .. -. Q( ( :~.II. 11'( ~ .,~r,~ , ', ) .. "'1 rlI. - -('\",,.)...~..t'~~...... .,';,~ c\~~,,,\:, """ ,...... "......~" ~f-;.: J;Jt '.!J )"4 ) ... -:-.., I ~ :" .,....: ".,,-~ ;;:,\ .')"'1' .-' , .:, .;, .::.. --.-..~ ~ "', . J ~, : ,~. .~ '1 1 ~ ....... ~ \ . j/; /_",,';;'0"(1 ,,~ J -- .I;' l " , ..:::.:':1j .}-.. ... ~1 ~~\>< .(1;"":.!~ ~~;. ~ ..-,\\ ~ " ....~~. " .........,J ;', ;; '.' \ 'I ...... \ "'-1 " ~ Q ,~J' ...'1 . ~.' ..... l .... ~....... "'; V' .---,,~ "l .. , ~~."':J.l'~ i "~"--',) .. ' ~. LjlI"'i)...,.,. .i ,.. ~,.,,'. ".V+J......_. -'" ~.' ....j _.j , "', "," .... . ,.... ,.r I ' .'!.. ~ ('.~-:, Il;~ ".... ~ '-I,.,~.\..'t,~ '''j ":f'g,.-" . : 'r- :;[:" ;". . :;. ;'~'1~ ;,...:...... "" &'J.~. ~~. ....- iI t;.. Y" ') ~.".~ r.rJ ~ I ."" ~.I\'" ,~.. ,*! ~-:, I(~' .'~ ~\~ ""'. '-: .''4 c:;,-# .. "~\',/,,,,. r."... "' . ," ", -.< ....,1-~' \ . , '"~ ..... ~:/ I.... ' '. 'tt'c.o ,:;. ,.,-'" ":....~,G, ,Io"~'> ,. )~~. ,~" .: .:j (.~ ......... ~} > ... ~t;.-". "'~ " .ac .. ~:~';~-., "," j ,I~ '. " !~ '. .' C. ~ It"!~"..kf_~"" J . " " ,.. ~J! . I .: ~'!:;:.' ; , r~ . (. -.. if" ; ;i,::~)....', ) ~I.' . "f,'..... ,.~;..... ~,.... ./',r~ . 1 ;." .', _",,~-.A" ~. . , .... ", . '::-. .~'. . 't:' J I".} . . ':' ~ . r~- '-. .:." \'. , ~. ,,' ...;" . f M. .' . ''';'1'' , " ::.~~~., . 'r. ..t ,.If . " 1 r~ -\.~ " "'. j , l " . {, ~_~ -Alto. &_._-'_.... ~.. ____ ~._._~~_~_ Fig. 5 Composite picture of the same field as in Fig. 3 showing that the macrophages still contain abundant mineral dust. x 150 1 \ .". . . 4~''''~1,~ ',- ,I[ _ ~ ~T"" r.- f vr\;,;~'t' '.~ . .,- 0(\ " .. .....~. \.' ,'\".\ ". '- ~ ~ {,>~ Fig. 6 Smear of lung washings from a hamster injected intratracheally with brake- drum dus t s even months previously, showing a typical segmented asbestos body. Eosin only. x1l50