Document QkjnNjjzENzQByE28xbM9kkD6
R~rOH7
K.vno DiYioicK ?L,-..rr OwenB-Illinois Glass Coapany
SayroTille, How Jersoy May 29, 1951
mXJStSIAL HYGIENE SURVEY
Laboratory Maw York
Arthur J . Vorwald, M.D. Director , Tha Trudeau Foundation and
The Seranao Laboratory
In cooperation with: Edward C. J. Urban Thooaa M. Durlcan Donald A, Bailey
00CC64
Asbestos Litig Saranac Lake 1989 Depos. Exhibit p.118
Report of Industrial Hygiene Survey
of "aylo Division Plant, Owens-Illinoio Glass Company
SayreTille, New Jersey
ourvey of the Kaylo Division .plant of the Cv.ens-Iliinoid Class
Company, located at Sayreville, New Jersey, was mace on January 30. 1
by T. M. Durkan and B. C, J. Urban of The Saranac Laboratory in company
with ff. G. Hazard of the Owens-Illinois Cospany, The purpose of the
survey was to observe the plant operations and to discover whether any
hazards to handled pherlo
bedrsatsd by duat liberated from the raw materials
7%f* '.pr
.
-
ttoAict* aanufaotured. Duat counts of atmos-
%S^vv. : lategia locationa with the midget implager
apparato* t* whiofe;
1 *-t*,*^S olsaner devipe'
XKMSOaatrmtlca of air-uspended dust
i x ' 'v ' T' ' * snaplea of atmospheric dust : -1 paper filtera with a vacuum
-- free silica and asbestos i!
Could'be estimated. The filters :c*-^ >*-s IBgcheffsatlvely retained dust parti-
of ;theee-filter paper samplee ...* >
'ejp was being mads, but the
so; of the Oeses-Illinois
" ' ^mtf ;;teir composition was
The oompeotttBtt cod*
_____ e nd Baidwd Product
' -v1'j'. *1 ^ tha plMlpil raw materials
whioh aro used In "--------
of the product Kayla no indicated la
table 1. In addlticmtothematarlala listed.
ta of kaolin
00CC65
Asbestos Litig Saranac Lake 1989 Depos. Exhibit p.119
,-i :e.-ev.t \rs recuircd hue tha3a J:~:o it:-3 aro not rtis::J `t
Of tha six raw materials described in table 1, ill o :cc.rr. c-x: z.- Ire
:nu3t be regarded as potentially hazardous and capable of jauuir.g a cri'-:-
pneumoconiosis. Inhalation of unosite or chrysotile con ircauce an j'.'.su
and inhalation of silica flour or tripoli can cause silicosis, iis, -.cr.iz.cooa.
earth on inhalation is capable of producing a diffuse fibrosis whicV. as
unlike siliooeie or asbeetosis but which may be quite disabling.
The finding that the sample of amosite had a quartz oontent of :ll per
cent is quite surprising. It is thus apparent that exposure to this coe-
maroial fora of soaosite may present a potential hazard not only from
asbestos fibers but also froa fre>eilica particles.
The finished product, Kaylo, appears to oonsist principally of a
crystalline fora of oaloiua silicate which yields a charaoteristlc ::-ray
diffraction pattern. Petrographic and chemical examination rovailsd,
however, that other const!tueate ere present in the material. A sample
of light grade Kaylo waa shorn by analysis to have a quartz contact of
1 .Vr.-yLjr>'rAa* ; ,,
about $ per oentj fw ^bs heavy grade the value was about 5 per cent.
v`4,
.'m
Both grades also oeathlaed moderate amounts of asbestos. In a sample of
the li^t grade the asbestos sae in the fora of chrysotile which comprised
approximately 5 to 20 per cent of the seaple. For a sample of the haavy
grade tha ehrysotlle ocntent was eatlaated to be about S to 10 par cent
but, in addition, about S to S per cent of anoaite aabestoe was seen.
Carbonates made up about 1 per cent of eaeh grade of Kaylo.
-2-
ooccee
Asbestos Litig Saranac Lake 1989 Depos. Exhibit p120
ay !?. 19 51
\tizz:
!'oo:i :..cr; of /<t~osoh?ric fv;rr;
?.: j cor.ciinlraticn of ;h3 aixio3.:l'.aric duct to '*hich the c.-jCet.a vers
:xposad at various points is ahara by the dust coimts ir table 2. Infer--
t-ation pertinent to ths operations or conditions at each sampling point
are included in the table. A summary of the dust counts is as follows:
Samle 1 2 S 4 S 6 7
Router machine Center aisle Batch seighing roan Asbestos unbsgging roc Bast finishing line Pre-hardener Mixer balcony
Particles per cu.ft. of air
Smaller than lOu Larger than ICl
4.4 million
0.08 million
3.4 0.16
8.4 0.26
6,9 0.14
8.3 0.48
2.2 0.45
5.2 0.00
The composition cf thesmterial suspended is the air at seven representative 1 nnations lsTmsaTtil Tir^tfiaaiis'lj Mil la tabls S; from the data
sphere at those seven locations
la about lT^QOff^eo. ft. of air or 0.01 mg. per cu. ft., t-load of the atmosphere at the other locations ranged froa 0.06 to O.f.ag*. per ea*ft. The haaardous fraotioa of the dust consisted of the free silica components (quarts and dlatoaaoeoua earth) and the asbestos oaapoaenta (sawsite sad ohrysotlle). These haaardous consti tuents generally ends up a large portion of oaoh dust sample, as the
.
1 i .) .; . ':bl*
'--
1A
General Troighixg area
2A Asbestos tank
3A General plant air
4A Finishing line
SA Router naohine
6A . Boxear aad truck
7A ...'^Asboallos shredding roan .
'.C ,CC**T. !*.*? ZKV CUVfc '1C*G5 10-20 18-30 3-5 1-3 4-7 22-24
j 0 50 02-43 10-20
6-12 27-39 40-50
By wi'lliftit:<M wIpm for concentration and composition oi . ' *'\y\,1'" .v.
atanagtewifr: dM^ateToaoh- sampling point a fair idea of the potential
dart hazard' at thbo* points can ho obtained*
Ataospherlo Dust at Sampling <un03
C<acentratlop
Partloles per
Free silica Asbestos
components consonants
per cent
per cent
v'c :::
r i.cst survey. -Mch Lsc-vcc:'
:a;.; ::: -
"~ti --atoi'i.'.iJ ur.d utsospbci'ic du-t .u.d i 1 indeed : >fibar ci dns-:
ralco it spcar-tni -:hat considerable r.vcca lien hed been given :-n mil ~
plant ti the control ex' dust. 3xlisu:t systona of ror:oving the duet -.ad
been installed and the anouni of durt su3pendori in the planx ateosphero
was revealed by the survey to be at relatively low levels. Since, io~~
aver, in many areas of the plant hazardous free silica and aobesxoa
minerals comprised a largo portion of the air-floated material, it ia
very important that effective dust control measures be maintained at
all times so that the dissemination of unsafe amounts of dust into the atmosphere will be prevented,
A number of agencies have suggested threshold or mn-rtirmn allowable limits for the concentration of dusts in industrial atmosphere. In 1948 the Department of Health for the State of New Jersey informed The
Saranac Laboratory that the Department followed a "Sanitary Code" which recommends oertain threshold limits far dost exposure. A 3onewhat similar code has recently been developed by the American Conference of
Governmental Industrial hygienists. Threshold values established by those codes are at follows:
(The threshold values are given on the next page)
00CC69
Asbestos Litig % Saranac Lake
f 1989 Depos. Exhibit p.123
Aabeatoa Free allioat
0aens-Iilinci3 yay 29, 13 51
Maximum Allowable Concentration (Particles par cu.ft. of air)
Sew Jersey code
An. Conf. Sot. led. 3y7,. ccce
6 Billion
5 oiIlian
" il- rv > ' .
. inoertalnareaa ( such as the gertlam of the duet to
obeetoe tank and boxcar)
v.; -i 1989 Depos. *! Exhibit p.1i 24
00CC70
Owens-Illinois May 29, 19 SI
-;r tiis- circling point, the weight of dust collected there with the vacuus -leaner device and filter paper indicates that the dust concentration in side the boxcar was possibly of the order of SO million or more. Since about ooe-third of the dust was asbestos, it seems likely that a potentially hazardous condition existed.
Suggestions end Reoosseendaticps
1. It is suggested 'Oust Mininas exhaust ventilation rates which will
provide effective dart oolleetlan for each branch of the dust control
system be determined, vailessthis hae already
that the
suction of theae braacbae-1e-\dieeked pariodle^lyv
msasurensnts ean be
2. The exhaust
aBetteefiiwbagttfc: w- ibhlil be re-
designed so that the agotta^J^tteeCB^tf^lahtatf nloee te the peiata
where the duet is prod
'ey ParifxH,eel-||^.-flensing S. Hou the plant. At machine oarrlage vided for the balcony care should be taken to avoid
^
aaree
-t.
. .00CC71
. Asbestos Litig. Saranac Lake 1989 Depos. Exhibit p.125
Cv.era-Illijjci ; '-.ay 29, Del
-v.culd bu cIssued periodically.
-- Special attention should be given to housekeeping in those f.*aas
There silioa flour, tripoli, dlatooaceous earth and asbestos are handled.
It was noted during the survey that bags of these icaterials were stored
in large piles throughout the plant area where apace was available.
Some of the bags were broken and oovered with dust. Dust arising from
this source would tend to eostenlaate the atoosphere of the entire
plant. . . ,v;^r;.
5. It'.isroconMndedthat^. A'sbction hoed be iaatelled in front of the
operator. vfcojeaanaX^fcifcOOa^ovwr.the'iaylo tiles an the conveyor belt. * dAX''^nplcywel^pjWtf|j^se|te~p<djatrwhere dost is ereeted should be
educated tncpoddhit^MdsjlsaalhlkBCaotl&as. As sn added safeguard,
it iseuggerted ^8to^lit^Jii|rt^W^ijKiiatiy jobs be required to change
their
clothing^!
.... "Jf2Ev
7. Since it sppnsrs-.tMt.; .hA""G:
'trSi
ears are probably exposed to
m
sabestbs fibers, it is reoan-
M* 9grovd rMplrator during
*%;
.> . .
foouree, to redoes the dust
prsotiosble method
a. . v _ t iwin bo'nods ;Inthe plant at regular Monthly
intervalauntile ida' lswel o^ dustises^in esoh potentially-haaardous ares is establish**. tbs sa rays can: titan ho dsns lass frequently.
-s-
00CC72
Asbestos Litig Saranac Lake 1989 Depos. Exhibit p.126
Owen 3-II .inois May 20, 131
9. -1C :r.iintonanca of tho working snvironreent in a condition which conforms co regulations promulgated ty local health agencies or which is in accord with accepted standards of good practice should cot bo considered as a complice protection for a worker from acquiring a disease as the result of his occupation. It is strongly recommended that at the Kaylo plant a medical program be maintained which would require a pre-employment examination. Including a roentgenogram of the ohest, of all prospective employees and a routine chest roentgeno gram of all regular workers at intervals of onoe each year. Such a program should reveal those individuals dm are unfit for employment in a dusty trader..Of*most iayortanoe, any case of disease which might develcp ln tharegularly employed workers would be found early, before it beoame a serious health problem te the individual and a liability to the aaaageaesfc.
?
-9
^
Asbestos Litig. Saranac Lake 1989 Depos. Exhibit p.127
00CC73
Table 1
Owens-Illinois ).'ay 29, 1951
9 ANALYSIS C7 RJW iiATTRIALS USSD IN TEB MASOTACTORS CF KATLO
Cs: ^oosition t- - - - -
Sise of Particles
Tho bulk of the material was fibrous. Mcny of the fibers wero separated; they did not possess the high degree of flexibility of chrysotile. Grains of chlo rite or serpentine were ad hering to some of the fibers.
The sample of the emoeite brought back from the Kaylo plant had a quarts content of 21 per cent.
Most of the fibers were several hundred microns to several om. in length; relatively few were shorter
then 50 microns. Many of these short fibers were 1 micron or less in dia meter and, unlike chrysotile, were generally straight or only slightly ourved. About 5 per cent of the material (by weight) would pass through a 100 mesh aoreen; in this saallerthan-100 siesh fraction about one-third of the fibers were longer than 20 miorone and for every fiber there were
about 6 particles.
Chrysotile
More than 90 per esnt -
The fibers were well separated,
fibrous chrysotile, Adher--
Many were several hundred aiorcna
ing to sone of the fiber*- '; ' -' long and sons mere several mm. In
vwre grains of ohromite (f
length. About 10 per seat of the
carbonates, e feu grains of. material (by weight) would pass
nasaive serpentina and a - through * 100 mssh aoreen; in the
trace of olivine. About 0.6JC mkllar-than-100 mesh fraction about
quarts also was present,'
~ one fourth of the individual fibers
ware longer than 20 microns sad for
every fiber there sere about 12 parti
cles, In this frsotioa unopened
.'* - . bundles were about as amorous as the
asperated fibers.
Diatomaooous earth
Primolpelly natural
- ;
tanaeodwa earth with a-1rgsgt
of quirts,. Probably aonetf^
Probably more than 90 to 96 per oaut of the paurtides were nmallsr them 1 micron.
.....
Quick lime
uw--e^ arly e*lwl ej..., . quarts and ates, feldspar and glmM,
. ..*p!f. lwo_eat.wly_ smaller than 2 adoiuna end - ''^yirdly larger than 10 mlcrox
X mlorona
Silica floor
Almost antirsly purs,;.
finely-ground quarts.
Tripoli
Almost antirsly oryptocrystalline quarts,
/^ktP'uhallly i "
*- i
them n per oeut of
mailer than 8
v'"-' r hehsbljr more than 96 per oant of the partial#* ware smaller than 6 mierwutt only rarely ware any largar thaatO microns seen.
Asbestos Litig.
Saranac Lake 1989 Depos. Exhibit p.128
00^C74
u Table 2
Owen3-I11irois 'ey 29, 1951
.:u};th
of atvospeeric dost at various samplihg poihts :h plaijt
Q
L ce.-p-os .1 alcohol.
j-k3n with The aidgst impinger. The collecting iloid was
j ,-u nTjcar machine. Taken at 2:46 P.ll. j 10 lain, sampling tine.
Router machine cutting Kaylo blocks into pipe insulation forms.
5; uple represented exposure of two men at router machine outlet removing pipe
ir.iulatian forms and applying doth coatings. A light glue maa sprayed on the
Terms with compressed air spray guns to make the cloth adhere to the Kaylo.
IT. 3 cutting parts of the machine were eaoloaed by sheet metal housings which
re re exhausted by a central suction system. The exhanst points were checked
by smoke tests and were found to have strong suotlea. This same central
exhaust system also servsd the west finishing, line, which was non in operation
at the time. Sinoo the exhaust points of the west lino wore closed off by
dumpers, the volume of exhaust at the router machine was substantially
increased*
.
.
The router unit wns looartedinthe open plant area. Moderately heavy
accumulations of Kaylo dust oovwrod tbo undercarriage of the machine. The
operators discarded broksst ploses afinsulation by throwing then into open
containers. Several aantpfcfcrs nonr filled in a short tiao and the ezoeas
discards fell to the floors Housekeeping la-the machine
only fair.
Oust canoentratianii^vpartioleo pwr ou. ft. of sir
7.^|^i4-*niWi:asUar
(tearly all of these
. -i A* pnsttolM appeared to be S|i or less in length.) ^O.OdjaiTltpn larger than 10n. (10 to 20|i In length.)
Sample f2 Canter aisle. Tsfcanraft- 510P;X.t lOnixu aanpllng time. General air sample along twrtte-yfdJfl* bwtsaon direct-fired driers and indu-
rctor units. The units wsea <rf?7s^ganpletely esclosed construction. Qaly a alight volume of steesa^anhino^^yCaBlad'igb^-thw general sir. Housekeeping
k Oust limn i ni i si lini'iT^|i|iJMippfp|d~ mil ft", of sir an 10m. (Most of the partidea as. in length.) than 1(V. (10 to 20|i in length.)
Sample #3: Bateh.welshing_____
sailing time,
Ganeral air sample in bataifc
te weighing was being don#
at time ofsawpling ana doewtetJ
Other normal ectiv-
ity was going on. Knnsekewpihg ln
iaftslr ta good ardor snd the
general vtlistlCB
of the dnsfc
storage bins into tbs
jitnvldod nlth exhaust sys-
teas. Those exhaust points
ieete and the saoticn was
found to he only fair. Xharing sa lnspeetlaa
'liar is the day visible
araunts of dust were seen tr escape interthe
air fren the
ing points dullhg weighing.
.
Ousx concentration: particles per nt^. ft^ of sir - -
8.4 sUllen saaller thorn 10p. " (Most of the partloles
were 6(i or less lnltegth.)
0.26 wlllioa larger than lCgi. (tear lOp. In length.)
Asbestos LTitig. Saranac Lake
1989 Depos. Exhibit p.129
1
2 ;Ccnv.um&dj
.sni-lllir:cis Vay 25, 1951
: ;_
iSi" a a; 4:00
3 c.'_nllr.j lire.
";j-- i-o c; o.* nuu -> f..oootos molgjiag room. A somplcso cycl. of a;:-.:
o o.o rj:clool:.'3 cy
a 250 lb. big of anoai;o long-fibor &3bostcs,
-- d,..x 1; c;i n p liiti'o:-.:, focdir.,-; "hs riffle ooblo and Toadiog &3bo.-coa : x
'.0 .0. ;oe:- sill. The no:: 7/as coiUjil-otoly enclosed and -ros exhaujtod from
"10 70 ncs in the ceiling. The door wac open to admit bags of aabostoa sr.d
air for -renti Indian. A visiblo cloud of dust in the air j^io praaeno
Luring tho unhanging operation. Moderately heavy accumulations of fiber vero
iraaen'o on the nachina ourfacea and sails throughout the room. During the
inbaggmg operation tho operator, mho mas stationed in the e-cream of air
:oming into the room, wore a filter-type reapirator approved by the U.S, bureau >f Minos.
Dust concentration: particles per cu. ft, of air
6.9 million aaaller than IO4. (Moat of the parti cles mere 5|i or leas in length.)
0.14 Billion larger than 10(1. (Near 10n in lengch.)
Sample #5: Bart finishing line. Taken at 4:18 P.M, t 5 aln. sampling time.
Exposure of workman while turning Xaylo structural tllea by hard on a
conveyor belt located la tba center of the finishing line. All adjaoent tile
smoothing opermtione mere --clceed end mere provided with ezheueta. Moderate
quantities of dust werereised when the aen turned the tiles. The finishing
line was located la
open plantarwa. Housaksapiag was good.
Dust concentration*' psrtlolee per ou. ft. of sir
.3-. '8,8 aillion Mailer tfaea 10iu (Host of the parti-
77 . olea were 8|i or lees la length.}
0.48 million larger than 10|*. (Hostly 10 to lSu in
. '"7.7 .
- length}, one was 100|t long.)
Sample #6: re-har^MBB^qTbfcan - at 4*4d;
20 ala, sampling time.
Tbre-hardeoaa, ss^jHlarpqurjj^WSohlra, B vnlt. Oaaeral air aaaple of the
ares in vtoohijfa^isp^d^^
jrilt.. ' A. wet slurry of Kaylo was poured
into nolda aafc-gtUas-pni^ythrDw^teaVataaa ohoct lnto the pro-hardener. A
moderate aaoiirtr ~efr eteea:w la the stnoapharw sroad tte machine. .
Dust ooBeanlratlana partlolsa. par' otr^. ft. of air *
* ` B;falllleu7analler Hun UftC' '(Host of that parti-
olea were lees than V la length.)
0.46 allllfla larger than X0|t. (Op tol6p. la lmgth.)
Sample #7: Ulmer balcony. Takaa at 488> P1U} 18
ling
Oanaral air sample In wet and and.-oentar of
mixing beloony. An a
mere doing their nornml work, tee
aillca end
to a
mixer unit free several portable containers* All'the
taits
covered. AccusulatlanB of dust fran spHtstge were present & all the
mixer units md an parts of the floor, area. -
Dust ocnoantratlcns particles per ou* ft. of air
6.2 million aaaller thaa 10|i. (Host of the
psrtlelee were lose thaa 84 la length.)
0.00 aillian larger thaa 10n.
Asbestos Litig.
Saranac Lake
1989 Depos. Exhibit p.130
00CC76
'"able 3 A.YALYSI3 OF SAliPLSS 07 ATMOSPHERIC COST
Owens-Illinois Slay 29, 1951
2A 4A 5A SA 7A
par pnr cent per cent per cent per cent per cent per cent
5 10
5-10
3-5
4-7
'..^d:.c*oizs : _\r~-h
35-45
6-10
rucsite Cbi-ysotile C'.ilorito Carbonates
5**5 40-60
- ;t
2-s .-
s-io v i. r*..-
30-40
5-10 MO
5-10
26-36
1-2 - 2-4
^.
40-60
Haylo (?)* Ooathite
> Scf
m v.. - ' ' 10-20
Ferrio oxide
Opaque
Organic fiber "Clay-like
i.*.' *sW
5v>-P utfv
-v>
v~
lotos: Semple LA*, 2A*
BA. The bulk^i _ mofetlr 8B.\%2Ci
HHB
1"* ".;
Jb?Z&!?g
'
TA. The amoaite obourrad^n
also u bundles
Fibers shorter than-JO
tile. It Is doubtfUlthet. ^ ^spsssg-n^*"'* u
this sample.
Asbestos LXtig. IMP.C77
Saranac Lake
-wv
1989 Depos.
Exhibit p. 131
A-\
. .tor
2A 3k 4A 5i 6A 7A