Document QkZzRMRdmg42YR5rD2jzxJoL4

... 2 ... 3 ... 4 ... S ... 6 ... 7 ... 8 ... 9 ... 10 ... 11 ... 12 ... 13 ... 14 ... 15 ... 16 ... 17 ... 18 ... 19 ... 20 ... 21 ... 22 ... 23 ... 24 ...... 25 26 ... 27 ... 28 ) ... 31 ... 32 .. 33 .. 34 lEftS more <k 17 23 ' 35 58 pies), 3L , ILL -WHP Current Safety Topics in the GLASS AND CERAMKS |fl INDUSTRY As preseated ia the Sessfoas of the Glass aad Ceramics Sectfae - at the 1951 Natioaal Safety Coagress m Medical Programs in Glass and Ceramic Industry and Small Plant Progress................................................... . 5 The Cost of Public Accidents to industry............................. 8 A hi. i& -s- nsi l Shielding for Radiant Heat in a Glass Plant....................... 8 m $rj ,1 if fcir Volume 12 Transactions 39th National Safety Congress ...i NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 No. Mlchlgaa Aveue Chicago II. III. V 000 If safety is to keep pace 'with today's rapidly advancing technology, we most continually have "new ideas." Each year. at the National Safety Congress, die ideas and experiences of many of the nation's top safety men are presented in the various sessions. Many of these ideas, devices and methods, first presented at a Congress session, later become generally accepted within their fields. In order to present tins information conveniently and at small cost, the Congress Transactions are published in volumes, one for each Section or Division, along with a. General Sessions and Detailed Index to all volumes. The 34 volumes of the 1931 Congress Trans actions are listed cn the last page of tins volume. Safety directors everywhere have found the Congress Transactions a useful aid in their accident prevention programs. In industry, for example, their judicious distribution to key personnel in management and supervision has proved to be of invaluable service. In preparing these Transactions, the proceedings of the Congress have been condensed and edited for reference purposes. Complete original manuscripts, with any charts or illustrations which were used, are available in National Safety Council files. Views expressed at the Congress or in this record are those of the Congress participants and are not necessarily those of the National Safety Council. This votnme is a record of tire sessions held at the 1951. National Safety Congress by the Glass and Ceramics Section. The condnct of these Congress sessions each year is only one of the many cooperative activities which the Glass and' Ceramics Section carries on in behalf of its members, and for; the benefit of accident prevention work in the glass and ceramics industry generally. The Section gives, guidance in the preparation of a great variety of technical and educational ma terial useful in the day-to-day safety programs of glass and ceramics plants. The activities of the Section are under the direction of its Executive Committee; the members of which are listed at the dose of this volume. X 5 Medical Programs in Glass and Ceramic industry and Small Plant Progress By w. j. McConnell, m. d. Dir., Industrial Health Bureau, Metropolitan Ufe Insurance Co., N. Y., N. Y. The growing importance of the field of industrial health and hygiene is evident in the larger glass and ceramic plants generally throughout the nation. Considerable progress has been made in the elimination or control of environmental contaminants and in the provision of creditable health programs. These health conservation services touch die lives of hundreds of thousands of industrial workers whose good health and efficiency are most vital to the organizations they serve. Less progress has been noticed among the smaller plants, although from a public health viewpoint extension of health services to include small plants is of great signifi cance because an overwhelming majority of die industrial population Is employed by tbe small organizations of the country. The management of a small concern is inclined to defer provision of a health service; much as one may be desired, because he believes it difficult to supply the required amount of services economically. This belief can no longer be substantiated. Different groups of individuals and or ganizations have repeatedly demonstrated that it is practicable to provide a joint health service. This can be accomplished by grouping a number of small plants to gether and supplying medical supervision to each. The cost is not out of proportion to that winch large plants pay. The em ployment of medical services used jointly with other industrial plants is not an un usual departure from accepted methods, ana; common services are given proportionately. I had the opportunity, beginning in 1925, of directing a demonstration of cooperative health services to groups of small plants in Philadelphia under the auspices, of the Phila delphia Health Council and Tuberculosis Committee. For administration purposes a unit of small plants with about 25 to 500 employees each, located reasonably near each other and making a tot?] of 1,000 employees were grouped together. Each plant sharing a unit service provided a first-aid or dime room with necessary equipment It was supplied with medical and nursing services, first-aid instruction, health talks,-and sani tary supervision. A registered nurse with industrial nursing training was assigned to each unit She divided her time among the plants according to a definite schedule. Not less than three hours of health work for each 100 em ployees was done in each plant each week. A physician experienced in industrial medi cine and hygiene was assigned to a group of two units, giving half his time to each unit These units were turned over to the plant managements for administration when they became sufficiently organized and were capable of continuing the service without supervision by the Council. The medical supervision of these plants and others added from time to time was admirably directed by Dr. den S. Everts for over a period of twenty years before he turned them over to a successor. The Health Committee of the Chamber of Commerce and of the Board of Trade of Philadelphia has fully endorsed these serv ices. Only a few years ago this Health Committee prepared a pamphlet entitled "Why Plant Industrial Medical Service Should be Adopted." It gives in question and answer form many of the facts which businessmen want explained. These include What is the scope of a good medical service for a small plant? Will a medical service decrease time lost due to accidents? Will a medical service decrease man-hours lost through illness? Many other facts are dis cussed. In recent years other areas in the country have developed similar plans to meet the medical needs of the small plant These are comparable in scope and effectiveness to those in the larger plants. O'Connor1 clearly summarizes four essential require ments for success of a small-plant medical program as follows: "1 The medical per sonnel must be truly interested in developing a real industrial health program; 2 The j 6 Glass and Ceramics Industry medical service must come into the plant; 3 The program must have the interest and support of management; and 4 The primary aim must be the good of the employee." He points out that one small plant of about 700 employees near Boston with a part-time service had $10,000 returned to them one year and $16,000 the next year through reduced compensation losses. Re duction in absenteeism was reflected in ap proximately 50 per cent reduction in their group insurance losses. One large company in New York City reports that its medical department has saved approximately $100,000 per year in reduced accidents alone dur ing the past four years. There are thousands of instances indicat ing the monetary savings and reduction in time lost from -work through adequate health services. William B. Given, Tr., President American Brake Shoe Co., so aptly said in his keynote address on "A Better Place to World' a few years ago at the annual meet ing of the Industrial Hygiene Foundation: "It is not a question of whether a company can afford an industrial health program, but whether it can afford not to have one." Speaking more specifically of the glass and ceramic industry, I need not call the attention of this group to the complexity of the industry. It produces glassware of all kinds and descriptions, refractory bricks, electric and chemical porcelain and stone ware, sanitary ware, china, dinnerware, drain tile, sewer pipe, floor and wall tile, porcelain, and a host of other important products made entirely or chiefly from materials of an earthy nature. In past years workers were exposed to many toxic metals, including lead, arsenic, radmium, manganese, chromium, beryllium, irritant acids and alkali, and toxic solvents of many kinds. Sand, the silica base which makes up a great part of the batch particu larly in glass, pottery, and electric porcelain mixes, presented an important hazard of silicosis, particularly from the dust in the muring, cutting, grinding, and polishing op erations. Throughout the industry, carbon-monoxide was of importance because of the rather illexhausted flames which were so numerous. Many bad burns resulted from hydrofluoric add used in etching of glassware. Lime, burns occurred frequently. Glass blowing processes and work at the furnaces had their own peculiar hazards, including infections, strains, bums, eye injuries, heat exhaustion and heat cramps, rheumatism due to damp ness and extreme changes in temperature. To the great credit of the industrial lead ers of the industry many of these hazards have been controlled or eliminated. Proc esses have been modernized so that many of them are now done entirely by machinery. Automatic mechanical methods have reduced the above hazards to a minimum. Low solubility lead is now largely used in glazes. Mechanical handling equipment has been substituted for manual handling. Many of the dusty operations have been en closed and ventilated. Bottom-dumping rail way cars are used for bulk shipments. Many other improvements have been made. However, as you arc no doubt aware, these improvements are confined largely to the newer and larger plants. Even in these plants, adequate maintenance of equipment is essential. Best results are obtained where the engineering, planning; medical, and safety departments fully cooperate in detecting and controlling unhealthful exposures throughout the plant If management is fortunate enough to have a trained industrial hygiene engineer, he should be part of. or closely associated with the medical and engineering depart ments, and be responsible for the detection, evaluation, and control of health hazards throughout the organization. Although the need for industrial hygiene services depends largely on the nature of the operations, rather than on the size of the plant, small organizations and others may obtain die necessary engineering services through state departments of industrial hy giene, through private organizations, and through consultants. An industrial health program, to be most effective, must be tailored to serve the needs of the particular plant. Generally, the med ical services should include, but not be lim ited to, the following: 1. Prompt and efficient medical and sur gical treatment of all occupational injuries and occupational diseases to reduce disability to a minimum. 2. Treatment of minor non-occupational injuries and illness in an effort to enable the employee to complete his shift, thereby reducing lost time. In the event coatinu- ytjnm*, wistion <fcrM) 1 leadazards Proc- many hineryeduced y used ipment ruffing, ten eng rail. Many aware, jely to 3 these tipment where ! safety ns and ugbout ngh to igineer, lodated departtection. Iiazards tore of are of as may services rial hyis, and le most ie needs te medbe Sta nd surinjnries isabiilty pational i enable thereby continu Medical Programs in Glass and Ceramics Industry and Small Plant Progress 7 ing care is required, workers should be re ferred to their personal physicians . 3. Preplacement physical examinations to all applicants for employment to insure physi cal and mental fitness for work. Workers should be assigned to tasks according to capabilities so that they will not be a hazard to themselves or others. To fit the applicant to his job the examining physician should cooperate closely with the personnel and safety departments so that he is well in formed with respect to die processes carried on in the plant, the materials with which the worker comes into contact, and the environment under which he works. 4. Health examinations of all employees and executives should be made annually, as far as practicable. Such examinations are the basis of a diagnostic service of health education for the plant personnel. The find ings ^ should be carefully discussed by the physician with the person examined, and made the basis of any indicated correctional program. 5. Special periodic examinations, including necessary laboratory work, should be given to employees with special responsibilities, and to those who are exposed to toxic or hazardous processes. The frequency of these examinations is best based on individual plant 'experience, and may be changed from tune to tune. Persons found to have evi dence of disease or of chemical intoxication should be removed from their work and placed under dose medical supervision. At tention should be (Erected immediately to ward controlling the hazardous exposure so that other employees will not be affected. Similar examinations should be made at the termination of employment AH employees leaving the job because of injury or illness, and those returning to work following absence resulting from in jury or illness should be cleared through the medical department to insure fitness to work safely and efficiently. This practice will also minimize the possibih'ty of intro ducing communicable diseases into the plant 6. Complete individual medical records for each employee should be kept in the medical department. These should indude records of preplaccment examinations, periodic physical examinations, medical and occupational in juries. Information regarding occupational injuries should be furnished promptly to the safety and other interested depart ments. The clinical information contained in the medical records should be confidential. General statements concerning physical fit ness and classification of the worker should be furnished other departments upon request Monthly summaries should be prepared. These would indicate the scope of the sev eral activities of the medical department, the incidence and nature of various injuries and illnesses occuring in departments of the plant This report should contain any pertinent recommendations for the correction of conditions causing an undue amount of sickness or of excessive injuries. 7. Other activities of a plant health pro gram include the inspection at frequent in tervals Iqt the medical director or his rep resentative of all operations and shops. These inspections are to detect working conditions and practices inimicable to health and ef ficiency, to become thoroughly familiar with the nature of the various tasks and potential health hazards associated therewith, and to observe unsanitary conditions. 8. The medical department should conduct a progressive program of health education for the employees. Plant physicians and nurses should utilize every opportunity by personal contacts, posters, pamphlets, news articles, lectures, and motion pictures to in struct employees in personal hygiene, nutri tion, sanitation, and disease prevention. These activities should closely parallel the educational activities on safety. Finally, the medical department should maintain friendly and cooperative relationships with local health authorities and private physicians in the interest of maintaining the health and efficiency of plant employees. Comprehensive industrial health services having for its objectives the reduction of ac cidents, illness and the promotion of opti mum health among the plant employees can make its presence felt in industry by posi tive results. Its existence is justified to management in money saved by reduced ac cident costs, less absenteeism and improved quality of work.' Assohns of ErijUng Types of SoutlPUnt Hudsh Stmcts in Northeosttrn United Stotts. R. B. O'Coonor. MJD-, AJU. Archives of Indnrtiiil Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, January 1931, Vol. 3. pp. 73-80. 8 Glass and Ceramics Industry The Cost of Public Accidents to industry By W. GRAHAM COLE Assistant Secy., Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York City Summary of Remarks Poor public relations result from accidents caused by neglected physical environment of plants or commercial vehicle operation or in the use of an industry product such as utili ties. Employees' accidents off the job arc not covered by' compensation and result in pro duction time loss. Accidents to employees' family and friends are a source of worry to an employee and also causes susceptibility to accidents with resultant production time loss. Two out of three deaths and three out of five injuries are the result of off-the-job accidents. While on-the-job accidents have caused four to five million hours of lost time, off-the-job accidents hare caused 60,000,000 hours of lost time. Industry has a definite interest in off-thejob accidents because it results in curtailment of production and the loss of the employee's services. A valued employee makes the cost considerable. In a particular case of six off-the-job accidents, three were due to traf fic, two to home accidents, and one on a farm. There is an additional cost of hiring and (raining replacements for injured employees. As far as costs go, it does not make much difference whether an employee was injured on-the-job or off-the-job. One firm found a ratio of 14 off-the-job to one on-the-job accidents. All are an economic and a social loss, the ultimate cost being paid by the consumer of the product Industry owes to itself and the public the exercise of its know-how to prevent acci dents and to provide leadership to the com munity and to develop interest in the pre vention of accidents. This will result in good will for the company. There is a need for getting facts upon off-the-job accidents. It is important to get employees to think about safety all the time, which will benefit the employee as well as the employer. Off-the-job safety activities can be inte grated with our industrial program for onthe-job safety and can be the means of stimulating interest in various local meet ings of the chamber of commerce, plant fore men. etc: Strong action should be taken in preventing off-the-job accidents. Shielding for Radiant Heat in a Glass Plant By KARL L. DUNN Industrial Hygienist, Coming Glass Works, Corning, N. Y. Until comparatively recently the high tem perature industries have depended almost entirely upon convective or induced con vective coolifig to promote comfort in the work areas. Although direct radiation from hot surfaces was recognized as a major source of discomfort in the glass plants, only very sketchy work was attempted to reduce the intensity of this radiation. About fifteen years ago it was called to our attention that over 50 per cent of the heat loss from surrounding tank furnaces was in the infra-red spectrum. Following this considerably more attention was given to radiant heat than had previously been given to it, but it was only after the or ganized study of several large glass indus tries under the direction of the Industrial Hygiene Foundation in a quantitative deter mination of heat sources that any real logical engineering work was attempted. In review; the first thing to be done was to familiarize ourselves with the basic laws of radiant heat This is probably best ex plained by the Stefan-Boltzman equation This equation says simply that the total Shielding for Radiant Heat in a Glass Plant 9 ) ing and ployees. ;e much injured t found -the-job a social by the jblic the ait acrihe comthe pre*esult in ns upon it to get the time, ell as the be intei for on* neans ot al meetlant foretaken in J nt ivas given usly been sr the orass indusIndustrial live deterany real npted. done was base laws y best ex- equation. the total radiant flux is proportional to the fourth the wave length 2.0 microns which was se power of the absolute temperature of the lected as being about median in the temper radiating source. We have assigned a value ature range that we were experiencing in of -1.0 to the emisavity, or the ability of the high temperature locations. Materials the body to radiate. The Stefan-Boltzman such as gold, silver and platinum were im constant is merely a factor to reduce the mediately abandoned because of the cost final radiant flux values to gram calories angle. Aluminum seemed, after an exhaustive per square centimeter per second. search of materials, to be the ideal material Assuming we have a furnace operating at 1,000s absolute, we find that we have a total radiant flux of gram calories per square centimeter per second of IJ5. If we increase for one to use for several reasons, the major one bring the fact that aluminum oxidizes very* slowly and the thin oxide coat retains most of the initial reflectivity. the absolute temperature of this radiating Aluminum paint is only about 50 per cent object to 1,100s, the temperature increase reflective and was abandoned early in tins has been increased by 10 per cent The in study as a material suitable for reflective teresting fact, however, applying the Stefan- shields. Asbestos paper is extremely low, Boltzman Law, is that the radiant flux has having its value primarily as an insulating increased 44 per cent material in convective heat problems. White To further Illustrate the extreme impor paint, or white lacquer, again has an ex tance of radiant heat in high temperature tremely low reflectivity to the infra-red, and industry*, we again increase the temperature to 2,000s absolute where we find a tempera ture increase of 100 per cent and striking increase of radiant flux of 1,500 per cent conversely these three materials would have a high absorptivity' to the infra-red and, in a short time, after being exposed to high radiant sources would tend to reradiate. These sample calculations impressed us and others with the importance that radiant heat plays in discomfort in workers of the high temperature industries. After considering this problem theoretic calfy, we then decided to review the entire heat problem as far as the glass trade was concerned. We will attempt to illustrate After this review of the principles of the various steps through which we have radiant heat we were then faced with the passed in the glass trade in coping with the fact that the problem of heat in our plants heat problem. First is the typical glass and work spaces, if it were largely radiant plant A centrally located furnace supported heat was one not primarily of convection or upon pylons at the second floor level has as thermodynamics but rather one of optics, its only means of losing heat direct radia recognizing that infra-red obeys all the tion and air flow or convective flow through optical laws common to risible light: Inter an annular space which extends around the position of opaque objects between the periphery of the furnace. The roof is con radiating source and the man seemed at first structed in a simple monitor form, allowing the simplest solution to the radiant heat the heat and generated gases to escape by problem. gravity from the open windows. For a This is true for short term exposures in which the opaque object does not rise in temperature to that of the surroundings. If the opaque shield is of high emissrvity or great many years this was the only system used and the only one we could depend upon for cooling air within the plant walls themselves. conversely of high absorptivity, the opaque The next stage was that in which port screen will eventually arrive at a'tempera able fans were used to circulate the air to ture where it begins to reradiate itself, and keep the air in motion around and about the if the shield or screen is closer to the man than the original radiating object, merely serves to intensify the problem. It seems then, that the correct approach to this prob lem of materials for opaque shields was to select an economic material which had an emissirity low for the infra-red and high in reflectivity. work spaces. Here we found the beginnings of opaque shielding. Materials such as wood, asbestos board, black iron, eta, were used. A great disadvantage of the portable fan was the fact that they tended to circulate air over the hot surfaces and multiply the problem in hot weather by recirculating and moving the super-heated air over the work Most metals have a high reflectivity to men. 10 Glass and Ceramics Industry The furnace continued to radiate to the steel structural and building walls. No pro vision was made for air supply from the basement or within the work space. The monitor remained in its conventional form dependent entirely upon gravity for removal of heat and gases from the furnace itself. This represents the condition that existed until a few short years ago in most of our plants. With the application of the present knowl edge of radiant heat, we continued to use the circulating fans in the space surround ing the furnace. Added to that were several sources of forced air supply through the floor in the workspace. In addition fans were placed in the walls of the building to produce a positive pressure within the build ing walls. Radiant shielding was installed by dropping corrugated aluminum sheeting from the roof level to within three feet of the floor and an extended hood type struc ture completely surrounding the furnace or hot object. To assure ourselves that posi tive flow would take place behind this shield, in some cases we have installed power type roof ventilators commonly used in the foundry trade. The curtain or shield surrounding the fur nace served two distinct purposes. They keep the radiant energy entirely confined to a central area. The infra-red cannot escape to be absorbed hy the steel of the structural parts of the building which in turn mijr become a secondary radiant Generated gases stay within the structure and do not escape into the work space. We are. sure that the temperature on the outside of these shields will remain within a few degrees of that of the outdoor temperature. Qrculating fans remain to assure ourselves that the air will remain uniform in temperature throughout the work areas. While this installation may not be a pro found one enginecringwise, the following will illustrate an actual installation using this principle in which very effective results were obtained over one very hot summer. A light steel framework was erected entirely around the hot furnace. Corrugated alumi num was attached directly to this light structure by means of a blank cartridge actuated nailing devices. In this way we were able to erect the entire shield in a compara tively short time. We erected the shields to the roof level, allowing only very small openings for piping, electrical services and the necessary struc tural steel work. For an idea of the entire structure surrounding one large heated area; within the enclosure is a continuous type lehr or annealing oven. Openings at both ends were necessary to allow the continuous flow of materials. These openings were covered by a tilted hood type structure. Ac cess openings along the sides of this an nealing lehr were provided with overhead garage doors constructed or corrugated aluminum. Every other bay in die roof of the building was open to the sky either through gravity type ventilators or the power type. ire sure that the perature j a proallowing n using : results summer, entirely t alumiis light artridge we were ompara- > level, r piping. t struce entire sdarea; us type at both atitmous 5 were I& Acthis anverbead rugated GLASS AND CERAMICS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 General Chairman--J. C DITTMER, National Lead Company, Brooklyn, N. Y. Vice-Chairman--THOMAS R DONOGHUE, Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, Pitts burgh, Pa. Secretary--HARRY A. JACKSON, Frigidalre Division, General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio. Program Committee--*H. V. GARDNER (Chairman), Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Toledo, Ohio; 'JOHN P. STEPHENSON. Ball Brothers Company, Munde, Ind.; JAMES L. MORRIS. The Federal Glass Company, Columbus, Ohio; 'FRED G. ANDERSON, Corning Glass Works, Corning, N. Y. i Membership Committee--THOMAS R.. DONOGHUE (Chairman), Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; RUSSELL W. FRANK, Ferro Enamel Corp., Cleveland, Obia; BERNARD P. CAMPBELL, Owens-Coming Fiberglas Corp., Newark, Ohio; LEE B. HAWTHORNE, JR, A. P. Green Fire Brick Co., Mexico, Mo.; E. C HARTUNG, Westinghouse Electric Corp-, Derry, Fa. ATews Letter Committee--'JAMES L. MORRIS (Chairman), The Federal Glass Com pany, Columbus, Ohio; JOHN B. FULLEN, Kopp Glass Incorporated, Swissvale, Pa.; CLINTON BALLENGER Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Gas City, Ind.; R E. HORMBERG, The Cambridge Tile Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Engineering and Health Committee--NELSON B. INGALLS (Chairman), The Norton Company*, Worcester, Mass.; FREDERICK S. KRIGER, Coming Glass Works, Coming, N. Y.; W. G. HAZARD, Owens-Illinois Glass Company,' Toledo, Ohio; H. WfAUGH, Anchor Hocking Glass Corp., Lancaster, Ohio. Safety Promotion Committee--WALTER W. WOOD (Chairman), Kimble Glass Com pany, Vineland, N. J.; A. L. THOMAS, Libbey, Owens, Ford, Shreveport, La.; PAUL E. GARRETT, Harding Glass Company, Ft Smith, Ark.; J. H. GATTRELL, Blue Ridge Glass Corpr., Kingsport, Tenn. Safety Contest Committee--HARRY A. JACKSON (Chairman), Frigidaire Division, Genera] Motors Corp, Dayton, Ohio; KARL W. STEINKRAUS, Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Alton, 111.; R. H. LOWRY, Westinghouse Electric Corp, Derry, Pa-1 J. R. HARSHMAN, Armstrong Cork Co, Dunkirk, Ind Staff Representative--HAROLD R. ALLEY, National Safety Council, Chicago, I1L 'Past General Chairman. 4 11 Other Volumes in this Series Users of this volume will find much value in its comjwnion volumes. Here is the list: TITLE VOLUME No. General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes........................................................... I Aeronautical Industries................................... *................................ :.................................... 2 Air Transport Industry............................................................................................................ 3 Automotive and Machine Shop Industries............................................................................... 4 Cement and Quarry Industries................................................................................................. 5 Chemical Industries .................................................................................................................. 6 Coal Mining Industry .............................................................................................................. 7 Construction Industry' ....................................... -..................................................................... 8 Electrical Equipment Industry*.................................................................................................. 9 Farm Safety............................................................................................................................... 10 Food Industry (Including Proceedings of Refrigeration Safety Meetings.)..................... 11 Glass and Ceramics Industry.................................................................................................... 12 Home Safety............................................................................ .. ............................................. 13 Industrial Nursing................................................................................................................... 14 Industrial Subject Sessions (Sponsored by ASSE)....................... 15 Maritime Industries (Marine Section)----- .............................................................................. 16 Meat Packing, Tanning and Leather Industries.................................................................... 17 Metals Industry.......................................................................................................................... 18 Muring Industry ................................................................................................... 19 Motor Transportation Industry (Commercial VehicleSection).............................................. 20 Petroleum Industry .................................................................................................................... 21 Power Press and Forging Operations.......................................................................................22 Printing and Publishing Industry.............................................................................................. 23 Public Employment (Public Employees Safety Committee)...................... 24 Public Utilities Industries.............................................................................................................25 Pulp and Paper Industry.......................................................................................................... 26 Railroad Industry........................................................................................................................ 27 Rubber Industry ..........................................................................................................................28 School and College Safety*......................................................................................................... 29 Textile Industry ..........................................................................................................................30 Traffic Safety ..............................................................................................................................31 Transit Industry ............................................................................... -...................................... 32 Wood Products Industries..........................................................................................................33 Human Understanding--A Two-Way Communication(Early Morning Sessions)............ 34 PRICES OF EXTRA COPIES OF INDIVIDUALVOLUMES TO MEMBERS VOLUME lto9 copies SIZE Each Less than 24 pages-- $029 24 to 48 pages-- 25 49 to 96 pages-- .46 Over 96 pages-- .69 10 to 99 copies Each $023 29 .40 .63 100 to 999 copies Each $0.17 23 25 28 1000 or more Each $0.17 23 25 28 Complete set of Transactions (34 vols.)--$6.90 (1 to 9 copies), 6.30 (10 to 99 copies), 5.70 (100 or more copies). NON-MEMBER prices are double member prices, except volumes 10, 13, 29 and 31. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 42S NORTH MICHIGAN AVE. CHICAGO 11. ILL rums m 1.14. 12 900--252--WHP