Document QkZXYX8BemL2gOEERByjr8VL

FRIDAY, APRIL 27, 1973 WASHINGTON, D.C. Volume 38 * Number 81 PART II ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL Proposed Guidelines for. Thermal Processing and Land Disposal of Solid Wastes No. 81--Pt. rt----- 1 CAPCO JEN 0005983 10544 PROPOSED RULES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ance on the specific practice of land dis those specified are used. It is the obliga posal of milled solid waste is contained tion of the proposed facility's owner and in a position statement issued in Novem operator to demonstrate to the respon [40 CFR Part* 240, 241] ber 1972. sible agency in advance that such tech SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL PROGRAMS Both guidelines are recommended to niques will, in fact, meet the require State, interstate, regional, and local gov ments. Proposed Solid Waste Management Guide ernment agencies and are mandatory for Thermal processing guidelines.--The lines for Thermal Processing and Land Federal agencies. The final promulgation prescribed thermal processing guidelines Disposal of Solid Wastes of the guidelines will therefore serve two are applicable to facilities that are de Background.--The Solid Waste Dis basic purposes, namely: (1) Establish signed to process or are processing 50 posal Act of 1965 (Public Law 89-272) EPA recommended guidelines for adop tons or more solid waste per 24-hour was amended in October 1970 by the tion by State and local governmental day (40 CFR parts 60 and 76). The ap Resource Recovery Act (Public Law 91-- agencies: and .(2) establish mandatory plication of this capacity criterion will 512). In amending the act (sec. 209), the guidelines for direct implementation by be interpreted to mean any facility that Congress charged the Administrator of Federal agencies (see subsequent discus is designed to process or is processing the U.S. Environmental Protection sion of Federal agency compliance). 50/24 tons or more of solid waste per Agency (EPA). " 'in cooperation The draft guidelines now being issued hour. Guidance for facilities processing with appropriate State, Federal, inter by EPA for comment preparatory to pro less than 50/24 tons of solid waste per state, regional, and local agencies, and" mulgation have been reviewed by Fed hour will be provided by EPA at a later allowing for public comment by other eral, State, and local agencies, as well as date. The prescribed guidelines are in interested parties. * '"to recommend to by appropriate professional organiza tended to provide for thermal processing appropriate agencies and to publish in the Federal Register guidelines for solid waste management systems (sec. 209(a) Public Law 91-512). These guidelines were to be consistent with public health and welfare, air and water quality stand ards, and adaptable to appropriate land use plans. The EPA began development of the guidelines shortly after the passage of the Resource Recovery Act in 1970. How ever, efforts had begun much earlier with the predecessor agencies of EPA in de tions and societies. They represent, in their present form, the judgments on the part of EPA regarding what is necessary to assure both environmental protection and satisfactory and acceptable design and operation of land disposal and ther mal processing facilities. They represent objectives that are achievable using to day's technology, while providing flexi bility for unique and specific climatologi cal, geological, geographical, and related conditions. Land disposal guidelines.--The most with minimum adverse impact on the environment and apply to both existing and future facilities. Thermal processing facility operations are expected to con form to the most stringent Federal, State, or local standards that are legally ap plicable to the operation of such facili ties. The requirements section of the guide lines delineate minimum levels of per formance required at thermal processing facilities. Although it is impossible to de lineate all the techniques needed to meet veloping state-of-the-art documents on which sound guidelines could be based and supported. These efforts resulted in two initial documents, "Sanitary Land fill Design and Operation" and "Munici pal Scale Incinerator Design and Op eration." Both of these documents are published and available for use and ap plication in the field of solid waste man agement. In developing the above documents, the EPA and its predecessor agencies utilized the knowledge and skills of in dividuals recognized as national and in ternational experts in the field of solid waste management. In addition, during the draft stages, these documents were reviewed and critiqued by a variety of Federal agencies, all State solid waste agencies were solicited for comment, and widely applied environmentally accepta ble solid waste land disposal method available today is sanitary landfilling. A sanitary landfill is an engineered land disposal facility at which solid waste is spread in thin layers, compacted to the smallest practical volume, and covered with soil each operating day in a manner that minimizes environmental hazards. The sanitary landfill constitutes the basic goal to be achieved in the land dis posal guidelines. The prescribed land disposal guidelines are Intended to provide for operations that will have minimum impact on the environment and they will apply to both existing and future facilities. The guide lines do not establish new standards, but set forth requirements to insure that the design, construction, and operation of the requirements, the recommended pro cedures are intended to emphasize spe cific items of concern. Owners and oper ators of facilities are expected to employ the most efficient techniques and operat ing practices to satisfy the requirements. The recommended procedures represent such methods and techniques based on current knowledge for meeting the re quirements. If techniques other than those specified are used, it is the obliga tion of the owner of the proposed fa cility to demonstrate to the responsible agency in advance that such techniques will, in fact, meet the requirement. Federal agency compliance.--Section 211 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended, requires that all Federal execu tive agencies (as defined in section 105 of Title 5, United States Code) comply a variety of professional organizations land disposal sites meet the health and with any guidelines developed by the and societies was also requested to review, environmental standards for the area in EPA. Compliance with guidelines issued critique, and comment on the draft docu which they are located. Land disposal under the authority of section 211 is re ments. Such rigorous reviews resulted in facility operations are expected to con quired of each Federal agency: two documents which comprise detailed form to the most stringent Federal, 1. Having jurisdiction over any real sources of information for sanitary land- State, or local standards that are legally property or facility which involves it in filling and municipal-scale incineration applicable to the- operation of such solid waste disposal activities; practices. facilities. 2. That enters into a contract with any Introduction to guidelines.--This is The requirements section of the guide person for the operation of any Fed suance is the first indication of the in lines delineate minimum levels of per eral property or facility, and where con tent of the Administrator to promulgate formance required at land disposal facil tract performance involves solid waste guidelines for land disposal and thermal ities. "While it is impossible to delineate disposal activities; processing operations. Both guidelines all the techniques required at every po 3. That permits the use of Federal are written to establish requirements for tential site, the recommended procedures property for the disposal of solid waste; the land disposal and thermal process ing of municipal-type solid waste mate rials. whereas the recommended proce dures are based on sanitary landfilling and municipal-scale incineration prac tices. These guidelines do not deal with other process and unit operations of that support each basic requirement are intended to emphasize specific items of concern. Owners and operators of land disposal sites are expected to employ the most efficient techniques and operating practices to satisfy the requirements. The recommended procedures represent 4. That issues licenses or permits for disposal of solid waste or conducts activi ties which generate solid waste and which, if conducted by someone other th3n the agency, would require a license or permit from such agency for the dis posal of such waste. solid waste management or with special such methods and techniques based on The management of solid waste gen waste materials such as hazardous, agri current knowledge for meeting the re erated by Federal agencies was first sub cultural, and mining wastes. EPA guid quirements. If techniques other than ject to Federal control in 1956 with the FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 81--FRIDAY, APRIL 27, 1971 CAPCO JEN 0005984 PROPOSED RULES 10545 Issuance o Executive Order 11282--Pre vention, Control, and Abatement of Air Pollution by Federal Activities and regu lations to implement the order (40 CFR 76.8). These documents generally pro hibited the open burning of solid waste in urban areas and the use - of open dumps. The thrust of these documents was to control air pollution, not to con trol solid waste practices. Executive Or der 11507--Prevention. Control, and Abatement of Air and Water Pollution at Federal Facilities was Issued in 1970, but again it did not specifically address the management of solid waste prac tices by Federal activities. It is the intent of EPA to seek revision of Executive Order 11507 constituting the basic com pliance system for the guidelines and to proceed with the subsequent development of an OMB circular to formally estab lish procedures to be followed by Fed eral agencies. Response requested.--The EPA recog nises several factors on which it is solicit ing comment and advice via this notifi cation in the Federal Register. EPA in vites particular comments from Federal agencies, non-Federal agencies and par ticularly agencies utilizing Federal land for solid waste management purposes on: 1. The probable range of annual costs of Federal agency compliance with the guidelines. 2. The likely impact, particularly on communities disposing of their solid Subpart B--Requirements and Recommended tion with a final land disposal facility. Procedures Land disposal is required in accordance 240.200 Solid wastes accepted. 240.200- 1 Requirement. with the Environmental Protection Agency's guidelines for the land disposal 240200-2 Recommended procedures: De of solid wastes for both residues from sign. the thermal processing operation and 240.200- 3 Recommended procedures: Oper those nonhazardous wastes which can 240201 240201-1 240201-2 ations. Solid wastes excluded. Requirement. Recommended procedures: sign. De not be thermally processed for reasons of health, safety, or technological limitation. (b) The prescribed guidelines are ap 240201-3 Recommended procedures: Oper plicable to thermal processing facilities ations. designed to process or which are process 240202 Site Selection. " ing 50 tons or more per day of municipal- 240202-1 Requirement. type solid wastes. The application of this 240202-2 Recommended procedures: De capacity criterion will be interpreted to sign. 240202-3 Recommended procedures: Oper ations. 240203 ' General design. 240203-1 Requirement. 240203-2 Recommended procedures: De mean any facility designed to process or actually processing 50/24 tons or more per hour. These guidelines reflect con cern with protection of the total environ ment, are consistent with public health sign. and welfare, air and water quality stand 240203-3 Recommended procedures: Oper ards, and are adaptable to appropriate' ations. land-use plans. The prescribed guidelines 240204 Water quality. 240.204- 1 Requirement. 240 204-2 Recommended procedures: sign. 240.204- 3 Recommended procedures: De Oper are intended to provide for proper ther mal processing with minimum adverse impact on the environment. They incor porate the concept that the operator of a ations. facility must meet the most stringent 240205 Air quality. standards that are legally applicable to 210205-1 Requirement. the operation of the facility. Pursuant 210205-2 Recommended procedures: De to section 211 of the Solid Waste Dis 240205-3 240208 240206-1 210208-2 sign. Recommended procedures: Oper ations. Vectors. Requirement. Recommended procedures: De posal Act, as amended, these guidelines are mandatory for Federal agencies. In addition they are recommended to State, interstate, regional, and local govern ment agencies for use in their activities. waste on Federal lands. sign. (c) The requirement sections con 3. Planning for Federal agency com pliance with the guidelines. In addition, the EPA invites public comments, reviews, and critiques of the guidelines. Interested parties may sub mit written comments In triplicate to the Deputy Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste Management Programs, U.S. En vironmental Protection Agency, Wash ington, D.C. 20460. All comments re ceived on or before June 26, 1973, will be considered. Receipt of comments will be acknowl edged. but the Deputy Assistant Adminis 210.208-3 Recommended procedures: Oper tained herein delineate minimum levels ations. of performance required of any solid 210.207 Aesthetics. 210 207-1 Requirement. 240207-2 Recommended procedures: sign. 240.207- 3 Recommended procedures: De Oper waste thermal processing operation. The recommended procedures sections are presented to suggest preferred methods by which the objectives of the require ations. ments can be realized. The recommended 240208 Residue. procedures are based on the practice of 240208-1 Requirement. incineration of large facilities (50 tons 240208-2 Recommended procedures: De per day or more) processing municipal 240.208- 3 240.209 240 209-1 sign. Recommended ations. Safety. Requirement. procedures: Oper solid waste. If techniques other than the recommended procedures are used or wastes other than municipal wastes are processed, it Is the obligation of the fa 240209-2 Recommended procedures: De cility's owner and operator to demon trator for Solid Waste Management sign. strate to the responsible agency in ad Programs will not provide substantive responses to individual comments. All comments will be availabe for public in spection during normal business hours of the EPA headquarters in Washington, D.C. This notice of proposed guidelines is issued under the authority of section 209(a) of the Solid Waste Disposal Act 240299-3 Recommended procedures: Oper ations. 240.210 General operations. 240.210- 1 Requirement. 240210-2 Recommended procedures: De sign. 240210-3 Recommended procedures: Oper ations. 240211 Records. 240211-1 Requirement. 240211-2 Recommended procedures: De vance that techniques employed will satisfy the requirements. (d) The guideline requirements 'are considered to be generally applicable to the thermal processing of all solid waste materials. However, the guidelines do not apply to hazardous, agricultural, and mining wastes because of the lack of sufficient Information upon which to base recommended procedures. of 1965 (Public Law 89-272), as amended sign. 210,101 Definitions. by the Resource Recovery Act of 1970 (PL-312). 240.211- 3 Recommended procedures: Oper ations. As used In these guidelines: (a) ``Air'': "Overfire air" means air, Wir.LIASI D. Ruckelsh.vus, A.dininh'r.-.ior. M, I'.TJ. Appendix--Recommended BiattocaaPHr AvTHoarrr.--S"C. 209 fa) of the Solid V--*-e Disposal A-'i of :tvj (Public Law CO272) as amended b7 the Resource Recovery under control as to quantity and direc tion, introduced above or beyond a. fuel bed by a natural, induced, or iivred draft, "underfire air" means any lorcsd P.-./ir 2-IC--"JIOEUNHS FOR THE THER. Act of 1970 (Public Law-512). or induced air. under control as to quan l-.AL PROCESSING OF SOLID Y/ASTES Subpart A--Ceneral Provisions tity and direction, that is supplied from SjbrJrt A--General Provisions See. 240 101 Scope. 240.100 Scope. beneath and which passes through the solid wastes fuel bed. (a) A thermal processing facility for (b) "Bottom ash" means the solid 24U101 Definitions. solid wastes must be operated in conjunc material that remains on a hearth or FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 81--FRIDAY, APRIL 27, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0005985 10546 PROPOSED RULES falls off the grate after thermal process (o) "Municipal solid wastes" means, 240.200--2 Recommended procedures: ing Is complete. normally, residential and commercial Design. <c) "Combustibles'' means materials that can be ignited at a specific tem perature in the presence of air to re lease heat energy. (d> "Design capacity" means the weight of solid waste of a specified gross calorific value that a thermal processing facility is designed to process in 24 hours of continuous operation; usually ex pressed in tons per day. (e) "Facility" means all thermal proc solid wastes generated within a com munity. (p) "Open burning" means burning of soUd wastes in the open, such as in an open dump. (q) "Open dump" means a land dis posal site at which solid wastes are dis posed of in a manner that does not pro tect the environment, are susceptible to open burning, and are exposed to the ele ments, vectors, and scavengers. (a) In addition to the residential and commercial wastes normally processed at municipal-scale incinerators, certain special wastes might be considered for processing. These include: Certain bulky wastes (e.g,, demolition and construction debris, tree stumps, large timbers, furni ture, and major appliances), digested and dewatered sludges from waste water treatment facilities, raw sewage sludges, and septic tank pumpings. essing equipment, buildings, and grounds (r) "Plans" means reports and draw (b) If the facility is designed to handle at a specific site. ings, including a narrative operating de special wastes, special areas should be (f) "Fly ash" means suspended par scription, prepared to describe the facil provided for storage while they await ticles, charred paper, dust, soot, and ity and its proposed operation. processing. other partially oxidized matter carried in the products of combustion, (g) "Free moisture" means liquid that (s> "Residue" means all the solids that remain after completion of thermal pro cessing, including bottom ash, fly ash, 240.200-3 Recommended procedures:Operations. will drain freely by gravity from solid and grate siftings. (a) Storage areas for special wastes materials. (h) "Furnace" means the chambers of the combustion train where drying, igni tion, and combustion of waste material and evolved gases occur. (1) "Grate siftings" means the mate rials that fall from the solid waste fuel bed through the grate openings. (j) "Gross calorific value" means heat liberated when waste is burned com pletely and the products of combustion are cooled to the initial temperature of the waste. Usually expressed in British thermal units per pound. (k) "Hazardous waste" means waste materials that are: (1) Toxic or poison ous; (2) corrosive; (3) irritating or sensitizing: (4) radioactive: (5) bio logically infectious: (6) explosive; or (7) (t) "Responsible agency" means theorganizational element that has the legal duty to insure that owners, operators, or users of facilities comply with these guidelines. (u) "Sanitary landfill" means a land disposal site employing an engineered method of disposing of solid wastes on land in a manner that minimizes en vironmental hazards by spreading the solid wastes in thin layers, compacting the solid wastes to the smallest practical volume, and applying cover materials at the end of each operating day. (v) "Sludge" means the accumulated semiliquid suspension of settled solids, deposited from waste waters or other fluids in tanks or basins. should be clearly marked. (b) Facility personnel should be thoroughly trained in any unusual han dling required by acceptance of special wastes. 240.201 Solid wastes excluded. 240.201--1 Requirement. Using Information provided to them by the waste generator/owners, the respon sible agency, the facility owner/operator, and the designer shall jointly determine specific wastes to be excluded and shall identify them in the plans. The gen erator/owner of excluded wastes and the responsible agency shall jointly deter mine an alternative method of disposal for excluded wastes. The criteria used to determine whether a waste is unaccept flammable and that present a significant (w) "Solid wastes" means garbage, re able shall include the facility's capabili hazard to human health and the en fuse, sludges, and other discarded solid ties, the chemical and biological charac vironment. They include, but are not materials resulting from industrial, com teristics of the waste, and the safety of limited to, those materials and concen mercial, and agricultural operations and personnel. Disposal of pesticides and trations of materials that are determined from community activities. It does not pesticide containers shall be consistent to be toxic by the Secretary of Health, include -solids or dissolved material in with the Federal Environmental Pesti Education, and Welfare pursuant to sec domestic sewage or other significant pol cides Control Act of 1972 (Public Law tion 2016) of the Occupational' Safety lutants in water resources, such as silt, 92-516) and recommended procedures and Health Act of 1970 (Public Law dissolved or suspended solids in indus promulgated thereunder. 91-596). (l) "Incineration" means the con trolled-process by which solid, liquid, or trial waste water effluents, dissolved materials in irrigation return flows or other common water pollutants. 240.201--2 Design. Recommended procedures: gaseous combustible wastes are burned (x) "Special wastes" means non- (a) Provision for storing, handling, and changed into noncombustible gases. hazardous solid wastes requiring han and removing hazardous or excluded (m) "Incinerator" means a facility dling other than normally used for wastes Inadvertently left at the facility consisting of one or more furnaces in. municipal solid waste. ' should be considered in design. which wastesare burned. (n) "Infectious waste" means: (1) Equipment, instruments, utensils, and fomltes of a disposable nature from the rooms of patients who are suspected to have or have been diagnosed as having (y) "Thermal processing" means proc essing of waste material by means of heat. (z) "Vector" means a carrier, usually an arthropod, that is capable of trans mitting a pathogen from one organism (b) Examples of wastes which should be considered for exclusion from the fa cility include: Hazardous wastes, very large carcasses, automobile bodies, de watered sludges from water treatment plants, and Industrial process wastes. a communicable disease and must, to another. 240.201--3 Recommended procedures: therefore, be isolated as required by pub lic health agencies; (2) laboratory wastes, including pathological specimens (i.e., all tissues, specimens of blood ele ments, excreta, and secretions obtained from patients or laboratory animals) and disposable fomites (any substance that m.-v harbor or transmit pathogenic crgani-ms) attendant thereto; (3) sur gical operating room pathologic speci mens and disposable fomites attendant thereto and similar disposable materials from outpatient areas and emergency Subpart B--Requirements and Recommended Procedures 210.200 Solid wastes accepted. 240.200--1 Requirement. In consultation with the responsible agencies, the designer and owner/opera tor shall determine what wastes shall be accepted and shall identify any special handling required. Only wastes for which the facility has been specifically designed Operations. (a) Regular users of the facility should be given a list of excluded materials, and it should also be displayed prominently at the facility entrance. If a regular user persists in making unacceptable deliver ies, he should lie barred from the instal lation and reported to the responsible agency. (b) The operating plan should specify the procedures and precautions to be taken if unacceptable wastes are deliv rooms. shall be accepted. ered to the facility or are improperly left < FEDERAL RECISTER, VOl. 38, NO. 81--FRIDAY, APRIL 27, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0005986 PROPOSED RULES 10547 there. Operating personnel should be thoroughly trained in such procedures. 210.202 Site selection. 240.202-1 Requirement. weight of Incoming and outgoing mate rials (the same scale system may be used for both); total combustion airflow rates; underfire and overfire airflows and the quantitative distribution of each; se 240.205-2 Recommended procedures: Dceign. (a) These requirements should be met by using appropriate air pollution con trol technology. Site selection and utilization shall com ply with appropriate Federal, State, or local health, environmental, planning, and solid wastes management agency re quirements and. plans. lected temperatures and pressures in the furnace, along gas passages. In the par ticulate collection device, and In the stack; electrical power and water con sumption of critical units; and rate of operation. The smoke density, the con (b) All emissions. Including dust from vents, should be controlled. 240.205--3 Recommended procedures: Operations. When monitoring Instrumentation in 240.202--2 Recommended procedures: centration of carbon monoxide, or the dicates excessive emissions, appropriate Design. concentration of hydrocarbons In the adjustments should be made to lower the (a) Whenever possible, thermal proc essing facilities should be located In areas zoned for industrial use and having ade quate utilities to serve the facility. <b>. The site should be accessible by permanent roads leading from the public road system. (c) Environmental factors, climatologi stack gases should be monitored. Meas urement of the pH should be considered for effluent waters. Continuously record ing instrumentation should be used as much as possible. (t) Audible signals should be provided to alert operating personnel of critical operating unit malfunctions. cal conditions, and socioeconomic factors should be given full consideration as se (j) Sampling capability should be de signed into the facility so that each proc lection criteria. ess stream can be sampled, and the utili ties required to do so should be close at emission to acceptable levels. 240.206 Vectors. 240.206-1 Requirement. Conditions shall be maintained that are unfavorable for the harboring, feed ing. and breeding of vectors. 240.206--2 Recommended procedures: Design. __ Thermal processing facilities should be designed for ease of cleaning. Areas fa 240.202-3 Recommended procedures: hand. The sampling sites should be so vorable for breeding of vectors should Operations. designed that personnel can safely sam be avoided. Not applicable. 210.203 Cencral design. 240.203--1 Requirement. A plan for the design of the facility shall be prepared or approved by a pro fessional engineer. A list of major con siderations and the rationale for the de cision on each consideration shall be ap proved by the responsible agency prior to authorizations for construction. This information shail remain available for review. ple without interfering with normal plant operations. (k) A laboratory should be Included in the design. 210.203--3 Recommended procedures: Operations. Not applicable. 240.204 Water quality. 210.204--1 Requirement. All waters discharged from the facility shall be sufficiently treated to meet the most stringent of applicable water qual 240.206--3 Recommended procedures: Operations. (a) A housekeeping schedule should be established and maintained. As a min imum the schedule should provide for cleaning the tipping and residue areas as spillages occur, emptying the solid waste storage area at least weekly, and rou tinely cleaning the remainder of the facility. (b) Solid waste and residue should not he allowed to accumulate at the facility for more than 1 week. 2 HI.203--2 Recommended procedure-: Dc-ipu. (a) Tile types, amounts (by weight ity standards, including those established under the authority of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, and 210.207 Ac.sdictics. 2 10.207--1 Requirement. and volume), and characteristics of all in existing State or local standards. The incinerator facility shall be de solid wastes expected to be processed should be determined by survey and analysis. The gross calorific value of the solid wastes to be processed should be determined to serve as a basis for design. (b> Resource recovery in the form of heat utilizat.on or direct recovery of ma terials should be considered in the de sign. 2 10.204--2 Recommended procedures: Design. (a) Effluent waters should not be dis charged indiscriminately. Consideration should be given to onsite treatment of process and waste waters before dis charge. (b) Recirculation of process waters signed and operated at all times in an aesthetically acceptable manner. 210.207--2 Recommended procedures: Design. The facility should be designed so that it is physically attractive. The tipping area should be screened from public view and the grounds should be landscaped. (c) The facility should be designed to should be considered. 240.207--3 Recommended procedures: be compatible with the surrounding area, easy to maintain, and consistent with the land use of the area. (d) Employee convenience facilities and plant maintenance facilities should be provided. Adequate lighting through out the facility should be provided. (e) -The corrosive and erosive action of recirculated process waters should be controlled either by treating them or by using materials capable of withstanding the adverse effects of the waters. (f) Facility design capacity should 210.204--3 Recommended procedures: Operations. (a) When monitoring instrumenta tion indicates excessive discharge con tamination, appropriate . adjustments should be made to lower the concentra tions to acceptable levels. (b) In the event of an accidental spill, the local regulatory agency should be notified immediately. 240.205 Airqunlilv. 240.205--1 Requirement. Operations. (a) A routine'housekeeping and litter removal schedule should be established and implemented so that the facility regularly presents a neat and clean appearance. (b) Solid wastes that cannot be proc essed by the facility should be removed from the facility at least weekly. Open burning or open dumping of this ma terial should be prohibited. 210.208 Re-iduc. consider such items as variations in v;--o equipment downtime, r.ud ?.:i . ii-.mato d.spcsal capability. Emissions .-hail not (-W'eed existing air quality or emission standards established by the U.3. Environmental Protection 2i0.203--1 Eripiirement. Er.- iclue and other .-.o-ilri va-Ee ;-vg.!..cm rosuiiir." from a thermal process shall g) Favihiy .systems and subsystems should bo cic.-igned to assure standby capability in the event of breakdown. Provision for standby water and power should also be considered. Agency (as published in parts CO and 7C of this chapter for new and existing in stallations, respectively) under the au thority of the Clean Air Act, as amended, or State or local air quality or emission be disposed of fn an environmentally acceptable manner, in conformance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's guidelines for the land disposal (h) Instrumentation should be pro standards, if the latter are more of solid wastes or State or local regula vided to determine such factors asi The stringent. tions if the latter are more stringent. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 81--FRIDAY, APRIL 27, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0005987 1054S PROPOSED RULES Systems to recover resources In the resi due may be used, but the systems must be designed and operated In a manner that protects the environment. Un wanted residue materials remaining after the recovery operation shall be dis posed of on land as required by the guidelines for the land disposal of solid wastes. 210.208-2 Recommended procedures: Design. Thermal processing facilities should be so designed as to allow for removal from the site of residue or other solids in a manner that protects the environment. 210.208--3 Recommended procedures: Operations. (a) The furnace operator should visu ally observe the quality of the bottom ash at least twice per shift and record in the operating log the estimated per centage of unbumed combustibles. (b) If residue or fly ash is collected in a wet condition, it should be drained of free moisture. Transportation of these materials, and also of dry ones, should be by means that prevent the loads from sifting, falling, leaking, or blowing from the container/ 210.209 Safety. 210.209--1 Requirement. Incinerators shall be designed, oper ated, and maintained in a manner to protect the health and safety of person nel associated with the operation. Perti nent provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (Public Law 91-596) and regulations promul gated ti'.ereunder shall apply. 210.209--2 Recommended procedures: Design. (a) Attention should be given to the safety of operators and vehicles through the provision of safety devices. <b) Fire control equipment should be provided. (c) Methods and/or equipment for removal of an injured person from the storage pit should be available. 210.209--3 Recommended procedures: Operations. (a) Detailed procedures should be developed for operation during such emergency situations as power failure, air or water supply failure, equipment breakdowns, and fire. These procedures should be posted in prominent locations, implemented by the staff as required, and upgraded and revised periodically. (b) Oxygen masks should be available at convenient locations and their use reviewed periodically with facility personnel. (c> Training in first aid practices and emergency procedures should be given :*1! pv."c*i. <di Tersonal safety devices such as hard hats and safety glasses and shoes should be provided for plant personnel and visitors. e> If a regular user persistently poses a safety hazard, he should be barred from the facility and reported to the responsible agency. 240.210 General operations. 210.210--1 Requirement. The thermal processing facility shall be operated and maintained in a manner that assures it will meet the design re quirements. An operations manual de scribing the various tasks to be per formed. operating procedures, and safety precautions for various areas .of the facility shall be developed arid shall be readily available for reference by plant personnel. 240.210--2 Recommended procedures: Design. Not applicable. 240.210--3 Recommended procedures: Operations. (a) The facility supervisor should be experienced in tlie operation of the type of facility designed. (b> Alternate and standby disposal and operating procedures should be established for implementation during emergencies, air pollution episodes, and shutdown periods. (c) Upon completion of construction of the facility, provision should be made for instruction of the staff in proper operation and maintenance procedures. (d) A routine maintenance schedule should be established and followed. (e) As-built engineering drawings of the facility should be provided at the conclusion of construction of the facility. These should be continuously updated to show modifications by the owner and should be readily available. A schematic showing the relationships of the various subsystems should also be available. (f) Key operations should be promi nently posted. (g) Equipment manuals, catalogs, and spare parts lists should be readily available at the facility. (h) A continuing, on-going training program for facility operating personnel should be provided. 240.211 Records. 240.211--1 Requirement. The owner/operator of the thermal processing facility shall provide records and monitoring data as required by the responsible agency. 240.211--2 Recommended procedures: Design. Continuously recording instrumenta tion should be used as much as possible. 240.211--3 Recommended procedures: Operations. (a) Operating records should be kept in a daily log and should include as a minimum: Cl' The total weight of solid waste received during each shift, including the number of loads revived, the ownership or specific identity of delivery vehicles, the source and nature of the solid wastes accepted, and any charges levied. (2) Furnace and combustion chamber temperatures, including explanations for prolonged, abnormally high and- low temperatures. (3) Rate of operation such as grate speed. (4) Overfire and underfire air volumes and pressure and distribution recorded at least every 60 minutes and as changes are made. (5) Weights of bottom ash, grate Sift ings, and fly ash. ' (6) Estimated percentages of un bumed material in the bottom ash. (7) Water used on each shift for bot tom ash quenching and scrubber opera tion. Representative samples of process waters should be taken at least once per shift and analyzed as recommended by the responsible agency. . (8) Power produced and utilized each shift. If steam is produced, production totals and consumption rates should be recorded. (9) Auxiliary fuel used each shift. (10) Gross calorific value of daily rep resentative samples of bottom ash, grate siftings, and fly ash. (Sampling time should be varied so that all shifts are monitored on a weekly basis.) (11) Emission measurements and lab oratory analyses required by the respon sible agency. (12) Continuous records of monitor ing instruments. (13) Problems encountered and meth ods of solution. (b) An annual report should be pre pared which includes at least the follow ing information: (1) Minimum, average, and maximum dally volume and weight of waste re ceived and processed, summarized on a monthly basis. (2) A summary of the laboratory analyses including at least monthly averages. (3) Number and qualifications of per sonnel in each job category, total man hours per week, number of State certi fied or licensed personnel, staffing de ficiencies, and serious injuries and their causes. (4) An identification and brief discus sion of major operational problems and solutions. .(5) Adequacy of operation and per formance with regard to environmental requirements, the general level of house keeping and maintenance, testing and reporting proficiency, and recommenda tions for corrective actions. (c) Methodology for evaluating the facility's performance should be devel oped. Evaluation procedures recom mended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency such as "Testing Manual for Solid Waste Incinerators," Office of Solid Waste Management Pro grams, should be used whenever possible. Appendix--Recommended Bisuocrapht (1) The Solid Wnr.te D'sposal Act rio* amended. Title II. Public La.v 89-272, 89th Congress. S. 305, Oct. 20, I9t>5. Public Law 91-512, 91st Congress, H.R. 11333. Oct. 23. 1970. Washington, UjS. Government Printing Office, 1971. (2) Achlnger, W. C., and Daniels, L. ., "Seven Incinerators," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, publication No. (SW<51ts.lj).197i. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 81--FRIDAY, APRIL 27, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0005988 PROPOSED RULES 10549 (3) De Marco, J.. Keller, D. J., teckman. J, nntl Newton, J. L.. "Incinerator Guidelines-- 1069." Washington, 03. Government Printlng Office, 1969. (-1) Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Public Law 91-596, 91st Congress, S. 2193, Dec. 29. 1970, Washington, U.S. Gov ernment Printing Office, 1972. (5) "Control Techniques for Particulate Air Pollutants," U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Air Pollu tion Control Administration AP-51, January 1969. (6) Zausner, E. R,, "An Accounting System for Incinerator Operations, "Public Health Service publication No. (SW-17ts) Washing ton, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970. Sec. 241.210 241.210-1 241.210-2 241.210-3 241.211 241.211-1 241.211-2 241.211-3 241.212 241.212-1 241.212-2 241.212-3 Compaction. Requirement. Recommended sign. Recommended eratlons. Safety. Requirement. Recommended sign. Recommended eratlons. Records. Requirement. Recommended sign. Recommended eratlons. procedures: procedures: procedures: procedures: procedures: procedures: Appendix--Recommended Bibliography DeOp- DeOp- Do Op- PART 241--GUIDELINES FOR THE LAND AoTHoarrr.--Sec. 209(a) of the Solid DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTES Waste Disposal Act of 1965 (Public Law 89- Sec. Subpart A--General Provisions 272) a3 amended by the Resource Recovery Act of 1970 (Public Law-512). 241.100 Scope. 241.101 Definitions. Subpart A--General Provisions Subpart S--Requirements and Recommended 24-1.100 Scope- Procedures fa) These guidelines are intended to 241.200 Solid wastes accepted. provide for land disposal site operations 241.200- 1 Requirement. that will have minimal impact on the en 241.200- 2 Recommended , procedures: De vironment. The guidelines do not estab sign, 241.200- 3 Recommended procedures: ations. 241.201 Solid wastes excluded. 241.201-1 Requirement. Oper lish new standards but set forth require ments and recommended procedures to ensure that the design, construction, and operation of both existing and future 241.201-2 Recommended procedures: De- land disposal sites meet the health and sign. environmental standards for the area in 241.201-3 Recommended procedures: Oper- which they are located. They incorporate 241.202 241.2* '2--1 241.202-2 241.202-3 atlons. Site selection. Requirement. Recommended procedures: De- sign. Recommended procedures: Oper- atlons. the concept that the operator of a land disposal site must meet the most strin gent standards that are legally applica ble to the operation of tile site. Pursuant to section 211 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended, these guidelines are 241.203 Design. mandatory for Federal agencies. In ad 241.203-1 Requirement. dition they are recommended to State, 241.203-2 241.203-3 241.204 Recommended procedures: Design. Recommended procedures: Oper- atlons. Water quality. interstate, regional, and local govern ment agencies for use in their activities. (b) The requirement sections con tained herein delineate minimum levels 241.204-1 Requirement. of performance required of any solid 241.204-2 Recommended procedures; De- waste land disposal site operation. The 211.204-3 241.205 241.205-1 241.205-2 sign. Recommended procedures; Oper- atlons. Air quality. Requirement. Recommended, procedures: De- recommended procedures sections are presented to suggest preferred methods by which the objectives of the require ments can be realized.1 The recom mended procedures are based on the sign. practice of sanitary landfilling municipal 241.205-3 Recommended procedures: Op. solid waste; normally, residential, and eratlons. commercial solid waste generated within 241.206 Gas control. 241.206-1 Requirement. 241.206-2 Recommended procedures: sign. De- a community. Sanitary landfilling is the most widely applied environmentally ac ceptable land disposal method. If tech 241.206-3 Recommended procedures: Op- niques other than the recommended pro eratlons. cedures are used, or wastes other than 241.207 241.207-1 241.207-2 Vectors. Requirement. Recommended procedures: De- municipal solid wastes are disposed, it Is the obligation of the proposed facility's sign. owner and operator to demonstrate to 241.207-3 Recommended proced ures: cratlons. Z *1: nt!:or.ics. Op- the responsible agency in advance that the techniques employed will satisfy the tV,V:r-2'n;ot. requirements. : '.'.?v:uin*>\ded procedures: De.1 jJU. (c> The guidelines are considered '.o J41 -..v Recommended procedures: Op- be generally applicable to the land dis orations. posal of all solid waste materials. How 2*i.2n Co*.er material. ::n w--i Requirement. U 1 ?' * 2 Recommended procedures: De- 1 Further guidance may be found In the Mgn. EPA publication, "Sanitary Landfill Design 2W 2u9-3 Recommended procedures:: Op- and Operation." which served as a basis for cratlons. the development of these guidelines. ever the guidelines do not apply to haz ardous, agricultural, and mining wastes because of the lack of sufficient informa tion upon which to base recommended procedures. Concerning the specific prac tice of land disposal of milled solid waste EPA guidance is contained in a position statement issued in November 1972. 241.101 Definitions. As used in these guidelines: (a) "Cell" means compacted solid wastes that are enclosed by natural soil or cover material in a land disposal site. <b> "Cover material" means soil-or other suitable material that is used to cover compacted solid waste in a land disposal site. (c) "Daily cover" means cover mate rial that is spread and compacted on the top and side slopes of compacted solid waste at least at the end of each operat ing day in order to control vectors, fire, moisture, and erosion and to assure an aesthetic appearance. fd) "Final cover" means cover mate rial that serves the same functions as daily cover but, in addition, may be permanently exposed on the surface. (e) "Free moisture" means liquid that will drain freely by gravity from solid materials. (f> "Ground water" means water present in the saturated zone of an aquifer. (g> "Hazardous wastes" means waste materials that are: (!) Toxic or poison ous; (2) corrosive:- (3) irritating or sensitizing; (4) radioactive: <5) biologi cally infectious: (6) explosive; or C7> flammable and that present a significant hazard to human health and the en vironment. They include, but are not limited to, those materials and concen trations of materials that are determined to be toxic by the Secretary of Health. Education, and Welfare pursuant to sec tion 20<6) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (Public Law 91-596). (h> "Infectious waste" means: (1) Equipment, instruments, utensils, and fomites of a disposable nature from the rooms of patients who are suspected to have or have been diagnosed as having a communicable disease and must, there fore. be isolated as required by public health agencies; (2) laboratory wastes, including pathological specimens (i.e., all tissues, specimens of blood elements, excreta, and secretions obtained from patients or laboratory animals) and dis posable fomites (any substance that may harbor or transmit pathogenic orga nisms) attendant thereto: (3) surgical operating room pathologic specimens and disposable fomites attendant thereto and similar disposable materials from out patient a:\MS and emergency rronis. ' i) "Intermediate cover" means cover material lh.it serves the same functions as daily cover, but must resist erosion for a longer period of time, because it is applied on areas where additional cells arc not to be constructed for extended periods of time. (j) "Leachate" means liquid that has percolated through solid waste and has FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO.' 81--FRIDAY, APRIL 27, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0005989 10530 PROPOSED RULES extracted dissolved or suspended mate rials from it. Ik) "Municipal solid wastes" means normally, residential, and commercial solid waste- generated within a commu nity. (l) "Open burning" means burning of Subpart B--Requirements and Recommended Procedures 241,200 Solid wastes accepted. 241.200-1 Requirement. In consultation with the responsible agencies, the designer and owner/opera determine whether a waste Is unaccepta ble shall include the hydrogeology of the site, the chemical and biological charac teristics of the waste, and the safety of personnel. Disposal of pesticides and pes ticide containers shall be consistent with the Federal Environmental Pesticides solid wastes in the open, such as in an tor shall determine what wastes shall Control Act of 1972 (Public Law 92-516) open dump. be accepted and shall Identify any spe and recommended procedures and regu (m) "Open dump" means a land dis cial handling required. Only wastes for lations promulgated thereunder. posal site at which solid wastes are dis which the facility has been specifically 241.201--2 Recommended procedures: posed of in a manner that does not designed shall be accepted. Design. protect the environment. Is susceptible to open burning, and is exposed to the elements, vectors, and scavengers. Cn) "Plans" means reports and draw ings, Including a narrative operating description, prepared to describe the land disposal site and. its proposed operation. Co) "Residue" means all the solids that remain after completion of ther mal processing, including bottom ash, fly ash. and grate siftings. (p) "Responsible agency" means the organizational element that has the legal duty to ensure that owners, opera tors, or users of land disposal sites com ply with these guidelines. (q) "Runoff" means the portion of precipitation that drains from an area as surface flow. (r) "Salvaging" means the controlled removal of waste materials for utilization. (s) "Sanitary landfill" means a land disposal site employing an engineered method of disposing of solid wastes on land in a manner that minimizes envi ronmental hazards by spreading the solid wastes in thin layers, compacting the solid wastes to the smallest practical volume, and applying cover material at the end of each operating day. (t) "Scavenging" means uncontrolled removal of solid waste materials. <u) "Sludge" means the accumulated semiliquid suspension of settled solids de posited from waste waters or other fluids in tanks or basins. 241.200--2 Recommended procedures: Under certain circumstances it may Design. be necessary to accept special wastes at The plans should specify the proce land disposal sites. The following special dures to be employed for wastes requir wastes require specific approval for ac ing special handling. ceptance at the site by the responsible, agency: Hazardous wastes. Infectious in 241.200-3 Recommended procedures: - stitutional wastes, bulk liquids and semi Operations, liquids, sludges containing free moisture, Ca) Routine sanitary landfill tech highly flammable or volatile substances, niques of spreading and compacting solid raw animal manure, septic tank pump- wastes and placing cover material at the ings, raw sewage sludge, and certain in end of each operating day should be dustrial process wastes. Where the use used to dispose of municipal solid wastes. of the disposal site for such wastes is (b> Certain bulky wastes, such as au planned, a special assessment is required tomobile bodies, furniture, and appli of the following items: The site charac ances. should be crushed on solid ground teristics, nature and quantities of the and then pushed onto the working face waste, and special design and operations near the bottom of the cell. Other bulky precautions to be implemented to ensure Items, such as demolition and construc environmentally safe disposal. tion debris; tree stumps, and large tim bers, should be pushed onto the working face near the bottom of the cell. (c) Procedures for disposing of dead animals have been established by law in most States, and the operation should comply accordingly. In most cases, small carcasses should be placed on the work ing face with other municipal solid wastes and covered immediately. In the absence of applicable State laws, large 241.201--3 Recommended proceflures; Operations. . Regular users of the land disposal site should be provided with a list of the ma terials to be excluded. The list should also be displayed prominently at the site entrance. If a regular user persists in making unacceptable deliveries, he should be barred from the site and re ported to the responsible agency. carcasses should be placed in a pit and 241.202 Site selection. provided with a cover of compacted soil or other suitable material; (d) Water treatment plant sludges containing no free moisture and digested waste water treatment plant sludges con taining no free moisture should be placed on the working face along with municipal 241.202--1. Requirement. Site selection and utilization shall com ply with appropriate Federal State, or local health, environmental, planning, and solid waste management agency re quirements and plans. tv) "Solid wastes" means garbage, ref solid wastes and covered with soil or 241.202--2 Recommended procedure-: uge. sludges, and other discarded solid municipal solid wastes. The quantities Design. materials resulting from Industrial, com mercial, and agricultural operations and from community activities. It does not include solids or dissolved material in domestic sewage or other significant pol lutants in water resources, such as silt, dissolved or suspended solids in indus trial waste water effluents, dissolved ma terials in irrigation return flows or other common water pollutants. (w> "Vector" means a carrier, usually an arthropod, that Is capable of trans mitting a pathogen from one organism to another. accepted should be determined by opera tional problems encountered at the work ing face. (e) Incinerator and air pollution con trol residues should be Incorporated Into the working face and covered at such in tervals as necessary to prevent them from becoming airborne. 241.201 Solid waste excluded, g 241.201--1 Requirement. Using information supplied by the waste generator/owner, the responsible agency, the disposal site owner/operator (a) Site development plans should be prepared or approved by a professional engineer and should include: (1) Initial and final topographies at contour intervals of 5 feet or less: .(2) Land use and zoning within onequarter mile of the site including loca tion of all residences, buildings, wells, water ' courses, arroyos, rock outcrop pings, roads, and soil or rock borings. All airports within 5 miles of the site should be identified to aid in assessing the potential hazard of birds to aircraft. (b) Plans should describe the pro (x) "Water table" means the upper and designer shall jointly determine jected use of the completed land disposal water level cf a body of ground water. specific wastes to be excluded and shall site. In addition to maintenance pro (y) "Warkir.g face" means that por identify them in the plans. The genera grams and provisions, where necessary, tion of the Ur.;! disposal site where solid tor/owner of excluded wastes and Ihe for monitoring and controlling decompo wastes are discharged and are spread responsible agency shall jointly deter sition gases and leachate, the plans and compacted prior to the placement mine an alternative method of disposal should address the following ultimate use of cover material. for excluded wastes. The criteria used to criteria: FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 81--FRIDAY, APRIL 27, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0005990 PROPOSED RULES 20551 (1) Cultivated area.--The major con cern if the completed site Is to be culti vated is that the integrity of the final cover not be disturbed by agricultural cultivation activities. In this regard, a sufficient depth of cover material to al low cultivation and to support vegetation should be applied in addition to that recommended for Anal cover. (2) Structures.--It Is not recommend ed practice to construct major structures on a completed land disposal site. If ma jor structures are to be built near a completed land disposal site, a profes sional engineer should approve their de sign and construction including provi sion for protection against potential haz ards of solid waste decomposition gases. (c) The hydrogeology of the site should be evaluated In order to design site development in a manner to pro tect or minimize the impact on ground water resources. Unacceptable hydrogeo logic conditions may be altered to ren der the site acceptable, but all alterations should be detailed in the plans. Precipi tation. evapotranspiration, .and other climatological conditions should be con sidered in site selection and design. (d) Characteristics of on-site soil should be evaluated with respect to their effects on site operations, such as ve hicle maneuverability. (e) Environmental factors, climato logical conditions, and socioeconomic factors should be given full consideration as selection criteria. 211.202--3 Recommended procedur.-s: Operations. (at The site should be accessible to vehicles which the site is designed to serve by all-weath'er roads leading from the public road system; temporary roads should be provided as needed to deliver wastes to the working face. (b) The site should not be located in an area where the attraction of birds would pose a hazard to low-flying air craft. 2(1.203 Design. 211.203-1 Requirement. Plans for the design, construction, and operation of the site shall be prepared or approved by a professional engineer. The plans shall be submitted to the responsible agency for review and, if warranted, approval. 2(1.203--2 Recommended procedures: Design. Not applicable. 2(1.203--3 Recommended procedures: Operations. Not applicable. 211.20 ( Water quality. 211.20 1--1 Requirement. design, construction. and -....y.-.t of tits land disposal sire j-hail r.'environmental hazards and shall conform to the most stringent of applicable ground ar.d surface water e,ty standards and requirements. Ap plicable standards are existing Federal. State, or local standards that are legally enforceable. 241.20-1--2 Recommended procedures: Design. (a) Plans should include: (1) Current and projected use of water resources in the potential zone of Influence of the land disposal site. (2) Ground water elevation and move ment and proposed separation between the lowest point of the lowest cell and the predicted maximum water table elevation. (3) Potential interrelationship of the land disposal site, local aquifers, and sur face waters based on historical records or other sources of information. (4) Background and Initial quality of water resources in the potential zone of influence of the land disposal site. (5) Proposed location of observation wells, sampling stations, and testing pro gram planned, when appropriate. (6) Description of soil and other geo logic material to a depth adequate to allow evaluation of the water quality protection provided by the soil and other geologic material. (7) Provision for surface water runoff control to minimize infiltration and ero sion of cover material. (8) Potential of leachate generation and proposed control systems, where necessary, for the protection of ground and surface water resources; (b) If a land disposal site Is located in a flood plain, it should be protected against at least the 50-year design flood by impervious dikes and other appro priate means to prevent the floodwaters from contacting municipal solid waste. 241.204--3 Recommended procedures: Operations. (a) Surface water courses and runoff should be diverted from the land dis posal site (especially from the working fact) by devices such as trenches, con duits, and proper grading. The land dis posal site should be constructed and graded so as to promote rapid surface water runoff without excessive erosion. Regrading should be done as required during construction and after completion to avoid ponding of precipitation and to maintain cover material Integrity. (b) Leachate collection and treatment systems should be used where necessary to protect ground and surface water resources. (c) Municipal solid wastes and leach ate therefrom should not be allowed to contact ground or surface water so as to impair the water's use. 2(1.205 Air quality. 211.203--1 Requirement. The design, o--ion. ar.d o;.ctr.- t:on of the land disposal site shall mini mize environmental hazards and shall conform to the most stringent of appli cable ambient air quality standards and source control regulations. 2 (1.205--2 Recommended procedures: Design. Plans should include an effective dust control program. 241.205--3 Recommended procedures: Operations. Open burning of municipal solid waste should be prohibited. 2 (1.206 Cas control. 241.206--1 Requirement. Decomposition gases generated within, the land disposal site shall be controlled on site, as necessary, to avoid posing a hazard to occupants of adjacent prop erty. 241.206-2 Recommended procedures: Design. Plans should assess the need for gas control and indicate the location and de sign of any vents, barriers, or other con trol measures to be provided. 241.206--3 Recommended procedures: Operations. (a) Decomposition gases should not be allowed to migrate laterally from the land disposal site to endanger occupants of adjacent properties. They -should be vented to the atmosphere directly through the cover material, cutoff trenches, or ventilation systems In such a way that they do not accumulate in ex plosive or toxic concentrations, especially within structures. (Information on the limits of flammability of gases is avail able in such references as the "Handbook of Chemistry and Physics" 44th ed. Cleveland, Chemical Rubber Publishing Co., 1962,3604 pp.) (b) Decomposition gases should not be allowed to concentrate in a manner that will pose an explosion or toxicity hazard. 241.207 Vectors. 2(1.207--1 Requirement. Conditions shall be maintained that are unfavorable for the harboring, feed ing, and breeding of vectors. 241.207--2 Recommended procedures: Design. Plans should include contingency pro grams for vector control, and the opera tor should be prepared at all times to im plement those procedures. 241.207--3 Recommended procedures: Operations. Vector control contingency programs should be implemented when necessary to prevent or rectify vector problems. 211.208 Esthetics. 241.208--1 Requirement. The i-tnd disposal site yr-all ho d -signed operated a; a'.! times :.i an ally nceep'able manner. 213.2033--2 Recommended proretlurcs: llr-ign. Plans should include an effective litter control program. No. 81--Pt. n-----a FEOERAt REGISTER, VOl. 38, NO. 81--FRIDAY, APRIL 27, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0005991 10552 PROPOSED RULES 241.208--3 Recommended procedures: Operations. (a) Portable litter fences or other de vices should be used In the immediate vi cinity of the working face and at other appropriate locations to control blowing Utter. At the end of each operating day, or more often as required. Utter should be removed from the fences and incorpo rated into the ceU being used. Alter natively, the Utter may be containerized for disposal on the next operating day. (b) Wastes that are easUy moved by wind should be covered, as necessary, to prevent their becoming airbone and scattered. (c) On-site vegetation should be cleared only as necessary. Natural wind breaks, such as green belts, should be maintained where they will improve the appearance and operation of the land disposal site. (d) Salvage operations should be con ducted in such a manner as to not de 241.210 Compaction* 241.210--1 Requirement. In order to conserve land disposal site capacity, thereby preserving land re sources, and to minimize moisture infil tration and settlement, municipal solid waste and cover material shall be com pacted to the smallest practicable volume. 241.210--2 Recommended procedures: Design. (a) Arrangements should be made and Indicated In the plans whereby substitute equipment will be available to provide uninterrupted service during routine maintenance periods or equipment breakdowns. (b) An equipment maintenance facility should be provided onsite or appropriate contract arrangements should be made to receive such service. (c) Equipment manuals, catalogs, and space parts lists should he compiled and readily available onsite. (c) Provision should be made to ex tinguish any fires in wastes being deliv ered to the site or which occur at the working face or within equipment or per sonnel facilities. (d) Communications equipment should be available on site for emergency situ ations. (e) Scavenging should be prohibited at all times to avoid Injury and to prevent interference with site operations. (f) Access to the site should be con trolled and should be by established roadways only. The site should be acces sible only when operating personnel areon duty. Large containers may be placed at the site entrance so that users can conveniently deposit waste after hours. The containers and the areas around them should be maintained in a sanitary and litter-free condition. (g> Traffic signs or markers should be provided to promote an orderly traffic pattern to and from the discharge area and. if necessary, to- restrict access to tract from the appearance of the land 241.210-3 Recommended procedures: hazardous areas or to maintain efficient disposal site. Salvaged material should be Operations. operating conditions. Drivers of manually removed from the land disposal site fre quently enough to maintain aesthetic acceptability. 241.209 Cover material. 241.209--1 Requirement. Cover material shaU be applied as necessary to minimize fire hazards, in (a) Municipal solid waste handling equipment should, on any operating day, be capable of performing the following functions on a slope not flatter than one (vertical) to three (horizontal): (1) Spread the solid wastes accepted In `discharging vehicles should-not hinder operation of mechanically discharging vehicles. Vehicles should not be left un attended at the working face or along traffic routes. If a regular user persist ently poses a safety hazard, he should be layers no more than 2 feet thick while confining It to the smallest practicable barred from the site and reported to the responsible agency. filtration of precipitation, odors, and blow litter: control gas venting and vec tors: discourage scavenging; and provide a pleasing appearance. 241.209--2 Recommended prm-rtim-cs: Design. Plans should specify: (a) Cover material sources and soil classifications (Unified Soil Classifica area; (2) Compact the spread solid wastes to the smallest practicable volume: and (3) Place, spread, and compact the cover material. (b) A preventive maintenance program should be employed to maintain equip ment in operating order. (c) An operating manual describing 241.212 Records. 241.212--1 Requirement. The owner/operator of the land dis posal site shall maintain records ar.d monitoring data to be provided, as re quired, to the responsible agency. 241.212--2 Recommended procedure*: Design. tion System or U.S. Department of'Agri the various tasks that must be performed Where necessary, plans should' pre culture Classification System'. during a typical shift should be available scribe methods to be used in maintain (b) Surface grades and side slopes to employees for reference. ing records and monitoring the environ needed to promote maximum runoff, 241.211 Safely. without excessive erosion, to minimize infiltration. 241.211-1 Requirement. mental impact of the land disposal site. Information, on recording and monitor ing requirements should be obtained (c) Procedures to promote vegetative The land disposal site shall be de from the responsible agency. growth as promptly as possible to com bat erosion and improye appearance of idle and completed areas. (d) Procedures to maintain cover ma terial Integrity, e.g., regrading and re covering. 241.209--3 Recommended procedures: Operations. (a) Daily cover should be applied re gardless of weather; sources of cover ma terial should, therefore, he accessible on ell operating days. The thickness of the compacted daily cover should not be less than 6 inches. (a) Intermediate cover should be'ap plied on areas where additional cells are not to constructed for extended periods c. -.line. The thickness of the compa-'isd intermediate cover should not he less than 1 foot. (c) Final cover should be applied on signed, constructed, and operated in such a manner as to protect the healtlx and safety of personnel associated with the operation. Pertinent provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (Public Law 91-596) and regulations promulgated thereunder shall apply. 241.211-2 Recommended procedures: Design. A manual describing safety precau tions and procedures to be employed should be developed. 241.211--3 Recommended procedures: Operations. (a) A safety manual should be avail able for use by employees, and they should be inztros^ed in application of its procedures. (b) Safety devices, including but not limited to, rollover protective structures, seatbelts, audible reverse warning de 211.212--3 Recommended procedures: Operations. () Records - should be maintained covering at least the following: (1) Major operational problems, com plaints, or difficulties. (2) Qualitative and quantitative eval uation of the environmental Impact of the land disposal site with regard to the effectiveness of gas and leachate con trol, including results of: (i) Leachate sampling and analyses; (li) gas sampling and analyses; (iii) ground and surface water quality sampling and analyses up stream and downstream of the site. (3) Vector control efforts. (4) Dust and litter control efforts. to) Quantitative measurements of the solid wastes handled. This should be ac complished through routine or periodic utilization of scales and topographic sur veys. cadi area as it is completed. The thick vices, and fire extinguishers should be () Description of solid waste mate ness of the compacted final cover should provided on all solid waste handling rials received, identified by source of not be less than 2 feet. equipment. material. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOl. 38, NO. 81--FRIDAY, APRIL 27, 1973 ' CAPCO JEN 0005992 PROPOSED RULES 10553 <b> Upon completion of the site, a de fatted. description, including a plat, should be recorded with the area's land recording authority. The description should include general types and loca tions of wastes, depth of fill, and other information of interest to potential landowners. Apps.vbix--Recommended Bidliocsapht (1) Bauta, J., efc si. "Sanitary Landfill,** American Society of Civil Engineers, Manual of Engineering Practices, No. 39. 1959. (2) Clack, C. A, D. D. Evans. J. L. White, L. E. Ensminger, P. E. Clark, and R. C. Din- auer, eds. "Methods of Soil Analysis. Part l-- Physical and Mlneraloglcal Properties, In cluding statistics of Measurement and Sam pling." Madison, Wis, American Society of Agronomy, Inc., 196S. 13) Black. R. J. "Sanitary Landfill . . . An Answer to a Community Problem; a Route to a Community Asset." Public Health ington, TJ.S. Government Printing Office, Service Publication No. 1012. Washington. 1970. U.S. Government Printing Oifice. 1971. (9) Occupational Safety and Health Act of (4) BJornson,, B. J,, H. D. Pratt, and K. S. 1970; Public Law 91-596. 91st Cong., S. 2193, Llttlg. "Control of Domestic Rats and Mice." Dec. 29, 1970. Washington, U.S. Government Public Health Service Publication No. 563. Printing Office, 1970. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Of (10) The Solid Waste Disposal Act as fice, 1956. Revised 1960. 1968. Reprinted, Bu amended; title If of Public Law 89-272, 89th reau of Solid Waste Management, 1970. Cong., S. 305, Oct. 20, 1985, Public Law 91- (5) Brashares, W. C., and R. M. Golden. 512. 9lst Cong., H.R. 11833, Oct. 26, 1970. Occupational Safety and Health Act. Special Washington, U.S. Government Printing bulletin. Washington, National Solid Wastes Office, 1971. Management Association, 1972. (11) Zausner, E. R. "An Accounting System (6) Brunner, D. R.. S. J. Hubbard, D. J. for Sanitary Landfill Operations." Public Keller, and J. L. Newton, "Closing Open Health Service Publication No. 2007. Wash Dumps," Washington, US. Government ington, U.s. Government Printing Office, 1969. Printing O/flee, 1971. (12) Federal Environmental Pesticides (7) Brunner, D. R., and D. J. Keller. "Sani tary Landfill Design and Operation." Wash ington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972. Control Act of 1972; Public Law 92-516, 92d Cong., H.R. 10729, Oct. 21, 1972. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972. <13) "Handbook of Chemistry and Physics." (8) Sorg, T. J., and H. L. Hickman, Jr.' "Sanitary Landfill Pacts." 2d ed. Public 44th ed., Cleveland, chemical Rubber Pub lishing Co., 1962. Health Service Publication No. 1792. Wash [FR DOC.73-8H6 Piled 4-26-73:8:45 am) EEDcRAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 81--fRlDAT, APRIL 27, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0005993