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FILE NAME Household Contact HC DATE 1951 July DOC HC052 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Trade Publication Article - Industrial Hygiene in the Paint Factory with Advertisements - Paint and Varnish ee re STA pea NEXT ISSUE In August we will feature an article on the activities of the Paint Varnish and Lac- quer Section of the National Bureau of Standards Such functions as research prepa- ration of specifications tech- nical advice umpire testing in legal actions pigment color standards etc. will be covered Formerly PAINT and VARNISH PRODUction manAGER Established in 1910 as The Paint & Varnish Record VOL 41 JULY 1951 NO 7 FEATURES Industrial Hygiene in the Paint Factory by Arthur C. Stern .... 8 Vinyls for Surface Coatings Part III by Walter J. Hanau .....- 12 Penetration of Protective Coatings by Marine Organisms by Dr. William F. Clapp 17 Evaluation of Vinyl Coatings Subject to Immersion in Fresh Water by J. L. Rohwedder and F. W. Shanks 19 Raw Materials Report 2... 0-628) veer ttre tens 38 Published Monthly by Powell Magazines Inc. Executive and Editorial Offices 855 Ave. of the Americas New York , N. Y. BRyant 9-0499 JOHN POWELL Publisher ANTHONY ERRICO Editor EDWARD R. DRAKE Associate Editor A. L. LYNCHI Circulation Manages A. L. BENDER Production Manager DUNCAN P. MACPHERSON EDWARD M. LYNCH JOHN F. HYDE Representatives Advertising Representatives MCDONALD Representatives West Coast Representatives DEPARTMENTS Comment ....00 0... ce scence cts rte etre tenes nesses se New Products ...0 0.500 c) esses r reset rrsterssessc cece teers News Digest 0.05550 5 0 Patents Sevens be ret ct esss trresets ets pene been Fp ebe erenn t ess Technical Bulletins re reer pees .. 2.5.00 Advertiser's Index 2.0006. cece ener cre crete te teense 7 24 28 31 36 42 PRODUCTION is published monthly at 10 McGovern Ave. Lancaster PAINT and VARNISH Inc. John Powell president Ira P. MacNair president and November 16 1949 at the Pa by Powell Magazines Alice L. Lynch secretary Entered as second matter United treasurer Pa under the Act of March 3 1879. Subscription rates Post Office at Lancaster 5.00 for two years 10.00 for five years Canada 4.00 States and Possessions 3.00 a year All other countries 8.00 Editorial and Pan American Countries 4.00 a year 3 busyineeasrs office 855 Avenue of the Americas New York , N. Y. 9-0499 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE IN THE PAINT FACTORY BY ARTHUR C. STERN Chief Engineer Unit Division Industrial Hygiene and Safety Standards New York State Dept. of Labor hygiene has been NDUSTRIAL defined as the science and art of preserving health through the recognition evaluation and control of environmental causes and sources of illness in industry It has been reported that about 2000 different raw materials are used by the paint industry with as many as 600 of them being kept in stock by a single plant Among such a large number of materials there are bound to be some which will cause illness among employees handling them unless adequate safeguards are provided and used Although the use of lead in paint has decreased markedly in the last decade it nevertheless remains the most important health hazard in the paint factory and the material about which safeguards should center Ingestion of Toxic Material TOXIC material enters the body in three ways Ingestion Inhalation and Skin absorption By ingestion we mean allowing it to enter the intestinal tract by swallowing either some of the material itself food contaminated by some of the material or mucous from the nose containing some of the material fil- tered out of the air breathed Food contamination occurs not only by exposure of the food itself in a dusty workroom but also by toxic dust carried on eating utensils dishes hands hair and clothing all of which Arthur C. Stern may be transferred via the food to the mouth Ingestion of toxic material can be minimized if each paint factory using lead pigments or any other toxic powders adopt the following precautionary measures Note Even if only toxic pigments are handled it is wise to enforce these regulations 1. Storage or eating of food in the workroom should be prohibited 2. A separate clean lunchroom should be provided It should preferably be separate from the locker room 3. A cap should be worn while working to prevent dust accumulation in the hair and removed prior to eating to prevent dribbling dust from it onto the food 4. Adequate and convenient washing facilities should be provided and employees should be allowed a paid wash period before lunch 5. Clean working uniforms should be provided preferably daily but not less frequently than twice a week Employees should be required to wear them at work but not be per- mitted to wear them home Adequate locker space should be provided for storing both street clothes and uniforms preferably separate lockers for cach 6. Adequate shower stalls should be provided and the employees encouraged to use them before chang_ ing into their street clothes 7. Smoking and chewing tobacco or gum should be prohibited in the workroom 8. The management should keep the workroom as dust as pos- sible Inhalation of toxic material occurs whenever the worker breathes air containing toxic dust gas or vapor In the paint factory dust exposures occur primarily at the mixers ball or pebble mills and varnish kettles and in the handling of bags of pigments extenders and resins for use in the mixers A lesser exposure occurs in the handling and mixing of tinting pigments The dust problems of mixing and pack- 8 Toxic material enters the body in three ingestion inhalation and skin absorption as illustrated above Precautionary measures will eliminate or minimize these hazards and save not only health but man hours and tend to increase production With 2000 different raw materials used by the paint industry simple safeguards will help aging mixed paints are beyond the scope of this discussion The principal vapor exposures in paint manufacture occur at the re- ducing and tinting operations in can filling in cutting nitrocellulose and resins and in the cleaning of equipment with a solvent Vapor exposures also result from leakage from pipe lines meters pumps filters etc. A small steady drip can allow a whole workroom's atmosphere to become charged with solvent vapor Skin Contact contact with liquids and dusts can occur in all paint manufacturing operations up to the point the cans are sealed Contact with solvents resins oils dyes and similar materials can cause dermatitis and skin sensitiza- tion Workers required to clean equipment with solvent should protect themselves with rubber gloves and where necessary impervious aprons Workers required to handle resins or dyes to which they are sensitive should be similarly protected Overly sensitive workers should not be required to handle chemicals to which they are sensi- tized Personal cleanliness is the best safeguard against dermatitis Therefore the means recommended to prevent ingestion of toxic substances through the maintenance of clean hands hair and body and the wearing of clean clothes are also the primary means of preventing occupational skin disorders Although allergic reactions more serious than dermatitis and even absorption into the blood stream can occur as the result of skin contact with certain chemicals these hazards are not of major significance in paint manu- facture Dust Exposure YEA EARS ago in paint plants the major emphasis of industrial hygienists was on the prevention of ingestion of lead Nowadays major emphasis is on the prevention of inhalation of dusts containing lead or any other toxic element The reason for this shift in emphasis is that although prevention of ingestion of contaminated food during the meal hour is important prevention of inhalation of toxic dust during the more numerous working hours is considerably more important Dusts may be toxic because they are absorbed by the blood in the lungs or because they cause the growth of fibrotic tissue in the lungs thereby impairing the lungs vital capacity Lead pigments and mercury salts are in the first category silica and certain commercial varieties of talc are in the latter class Certain alkaline and acid dusts have the ability to irritate the respiratory tract but fortunately are not commonly found in paint plants Whether or not dust is present in excessive quan- tity depends on its chemical composition its size characteristics and the duration of worker exposure Since a high concentration of any dust is a nuisance and makes for bad housekeeping a good working rule is to control all dust sources regard- less of the health hazard created Dust Materials Handling This discussion is limited to the type of plant which receives its raw mate- rials in bags and drums predominantly the former and which there- fore does neither bulk material hand- ling nor dry crushing and dry grinding In any plant visual evidence of dust on the floor rafters ledges machinery or in air shows where dust control is needed Although points of dust dissemination vary from plant to plant an overall pattern of most probable sources exists One damaged bag allowed to spill powder each time it is handled will leave a trail of dust throughout the warehouse and plant ready to be stirred into the air by each footstep or truck wheel passing by Personnel should therefore be instructed to place only undamaged containers into storage and to give special handling to damaged ones A specific procedure should be developed for spill transport and quick utilization of damaged containers In general plants which store and transport bags of raw material on pallets by means of lift trucks disseminate less dust by material handling than those which pile bags on the floor Piling on pallets keeps the floor open for both inspection and cleaning Plants with good concrete floors are generally freer of dust than those with floors hard to truck over and to clean Accessibility PAINT AND Varnish PRODUCTION JULY 1951 9 and illumination of the storage area are both factors in their cleanliness air The very common habit of work- men of shaking bags or striking them able the drums or cans of the more toxic materials and the scale should Dark hard mezzanines are likely to be dustier than well lit high ceilinged floor areas Good floors against the side of the mixer or mill spout produces violent turbulent air motion and generally succeeds in dis- be all enclosed in an exhausted lighted open front booth so that any dust formed is ventilated out of permit the use of an industrial seminating into the air almost as of the workroom away from the vacuum cleaner the preferable method of floor maintenance in much powder as is salvaged Handling and Weighing Powders employee handling the scales Dust Control at Mixers and Ball warehouse areas Dry sweeping is the least desirable means of floor clean- ing because if toxic dust is on the floor sweeping disseminates it into the air breathed by the porter The use of an open bag or drum and a scoop to add less than bag quantities of powders to a mixer frequently disseminates dust out of all proportion to the quantity of mate- Mills dust control best suited for mixer and ball mill loading is exhaust ventilation by mcans of specially designed hoods over the top of each mixer and of each ball mill Mixers and Ball Mills opera- rial involved Each scoop load must tions at a mixer or ball or pebble mill that cause dust dissemination either have its excess material tapped back into the bag or drum in which are dumping bags discarding empty case a dust cloud arises from the bags and adding less than bag full container or carried in the scoop in quantities by means of a scoop Once a mixer or mill has been which case it dribbles from it onto the floor as the scoop is carried to loaded it ceases to be a source of the mixer Dumping the scoop load dust since the latter is closed and in the former blade or can rotation into the mixer again gives rise to a dust puff before the pigments are wetted is Scooping is more common in the too s owto disseminate dust mixing and weighing of tinting pig- Slitting and emptying a bag into a mixer or mill disseminates dust for ments and dyes than in the large batch mixing of white green or yel- several reasons First there may be low paints and therefore may involve spillage onto the floor around the mixer or the mill feed spout which spillage kicked into the air- air- by walking by Secondly there is the puff of dust which arises from the mixer or mill spout when a bag is dumped There are two reasons for this puff displacement from the mixer of a volume of air equal to the volume of solids added and the escape of air entrained by both the downward fall of the powder and relatively small quantities of quite toxic materials such as certain dyes mildew and fouling agents germicides and insecticides used as additive agents to paints Where there is any doubt as to the ability of the production personnel to handle such materials safely they should be weighed mixed and dispersed in a vehicle in the laboratory under the laboratory hood if neces- sary so that there will be no dust exposure to these materials in the the upward flow of the displaced factory Where this is not practic- A separate clean lunchroom should be provided separate from locker room and ular cleaning of the dust collector nooks and crannies is imperative A cap adjuncts for the prevention of accumulation of dust in the hair and the loading spout Open top mixers should first be fitted with covers having hinged sections for access A rectangular opening should then be cut out of the front portion of the cover slightly wider than a bag if only bags are to be emptied into the mixer or wide enough to take a drum or barrel if either is to be dumped into the mixer The depth of the opining depends somewhat on the diameter of the mixer being affected by the curvature of the front of the cover For most cases this depth need be no bigger than 18 inches for bag dumping nor than the diameter of a drum or barrel for barrel dumping Vertical side and rear sheets of metal extending up at least a foot above this rectangular opening and terminating at the opening complete the hood By keeping the top open handling bags is made easier The fronts of the sides may also be rounded off on top for the same purpose The front of the hood is permanently open In the preferred method of control a downward air velocity of about 200 ft per free from dust and fumes Regand rubber gloves are definite absorption of toxic material 1 minute is maintained through this rectangular opening in the cover by taking an exhaust pipe connection from the rear cover Thus for a 2 ft by 12 ft opening 750 cfm of air would be required To avoid the possibility of sucking out any raw materials from the mixer a bug boo in the minds of many executives considering exhaust systems it is only necessary to keep the upward air velocity in the exhaust pipe con- nection to the rear cover so low that such loss of material cannot possibly occur This is accomplished by using a long converging connection upward from the rear cover at which level the upward velocity would be several hundred feet per minute to the 6 inch exhaust branch pipe where the velocity would be of the order of four thousand feet per minute As an alternate to the foregoing a lateral draft hood may be built over the load opening of the mixer This type hood must also be employed at floor level chutes to ball mills on the floor below Exhaust of from 1000 to 1500 cfm per hood is needed for effective dust control A fan a dust collector and a discharge duct to the outer air complete the exhaust system Vapor Control THER is generally no vapor problem at the mixers and very little at the mills The fact that mill- ing raises the temperature of the paste being milled occasionally creates a vapor problem with formulations containing a vehicle component that will evaporate at milling temperature An exhausted hood over the mill used for this job will control the vapor produced The principal source of vapor in a paint plant is from open top reducing tanks and change mixers where thinning and tinting are done in cans or tanks having a large evaporating surface area open to the workroom air When paint cans are filled from these open vessels the employce so engaged may find himself in an atmosphere having too high a vapor concentration primarily caused by the can from which the filling is being done rather than the relatively small surface area of the cans being filled However if an open cloth filter is used between the large vessel and the cans being filled a source of evaporation is brought close to the employee's nose This is an unsafe practice and should be avoided Closed filters should be used when- ever filters are needed All rooms where can filling or reducing operations take place should be provided with room supply and exhaust ventilation The ventilation rate depends on the types and in- tensity of operations in the work- room Churn rooms are also venti- lated to keep the solvent vapors from spreading throughout the factory This generally involves exhausting the room to the atmosphere while taking the air supply from the adjacent workrooms in the factory Air supply taken from outdoors must be heated in winter and so intro- duced to the workroom that no draft is created The above discussion refers par- ticularly to paint manufature In varnish making the reducing of open kettles is best done under an exhausted hood Lacquer Making lacquer manufacture the use of open mixers or cans and of open mills should be restricted to the incorporation of solids into an oil or varnish vehicle prior to mixture with the nitro- cellulose solution Since such opera- tions are identical with the paint making operations already discussed the same precautions and control means apply All operations involving the cutting reducing pigmentation tinting or storage of nitrocel- lulose and nitrocellulose solutions should be conducted in closed vessels and the workrooms should be well ventilated Occasional opera- tions involving open vessels should be locally hooded and exhausted as should filtering and canfiling operations With properly designed hoods a control velocity of 100 ft per minute into the hood will usually suffice Varnish Modern varnish and alkyd kettles arc connected to a fume exhausting and scrubbing system so that there is an inward flow of air into the kettle from the room This air flow provides dust control when filling the kettle Open kettles over open fires are inherently well ventilated by chimney action At least one of the more toxic solids added to varnish kettles is available in pellet form to still further limit dust exposure Note has already been made when nish of the need for vapor control thinning open kettles of var- Respirators are masks worn over the nose and mouth to allow a worker to inhale safely when he is working in a contaminated atmosphere Respirators are primarily intended to protect workers in emergencies while doing cleaning and maintaining of equipment and in the performance of operations conducted only occasionally They are not intended to be worn con- tinuously throughout a workday nor to protect workers performing operations exposing them to contaminated air for a number of hours per day Respirators are uncomfortable to wear and breathe through even when they are clean and fitted with new filters They are even more uncomfortable when they get dirty and when a clogged filter or cartridge increases the energy that must be expended in breathing This is particularly true on a hot day when the wearer is perspiring freely Respira- tors should not be used as a substi- tute for dust control by exhaust ventilation good housekeeping and similar means When respirators are used the following precautions should be ob- served 1. Only respirators approved by the United States Bureau of Mines for the type of service intended should be used in potentially dan- gerous atmospheres 2. The respirator should be kept in a clean place between periods of use Respirators hanging on hooks or lying on machines in the workroom will get contaminated by dust or vapor in the workroom atmos- phere 3. The management should as- sume responsibility for keeping respirators clean sanitary and supplied with clean filters or cartridges A factory devoted to the manufacture of materials to clcan brighten and protect our homes and structures should itself be a clean bright and protected place to work If paint manufacturers will study their own advertising literature and make their factories as spotless and dust as the workrooms their advertising illustrations disclose the chances for their workmen contract- ing occupational diseases will be at a minimum PAINT AND VARNISH PRODUCTION JULY 1951 11 Purecal didn't just happen Soda Ash Caustic Soda Bicarbonate of Soda Calcium Carbonate Calcium Chloride Chlorine Hydrogen Dry Ice ' Synthetic Detergents Glycols Carbose Sodium CMC . Ethylene Dichloride Propylene Dichloride Aromatic Sulfonic Acid Derivatives Other Organic and Inorganic Chemicals Wyandotte Wyandotte U. B. Wyandotte OFF Sure Purecal will save you more titanium dioxide than any other extender pigment And it will do that while keeping the same brightness opacity and hiding power But there's more to the story than that To begin with we make Purecal by controlled precipitation of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate Temperature pH proportion of reactants rate of addition and other variables are controlled automatically So that the operator can produce any given particle even smaller than the finest ground limestone Which particle size Well here's how we arrived at Purecal M. We varied particle sizes over a wide range checked them with an electron microscope We compared each individual size range oneagainst the other find which produced the most opacity brightness and hiding power We found the size .2 microns as titanium dioxide that did that that size is Purecal M. Have you got our free charts comparing Purecal with other tight colored pigments Better write today * Trade WYANDOTTE CHEMICALS CORPORATION Wyandotte Michigan Officeisn Principal Cities MICA GROUND a At Its Best Every Paint Mica should using manufacturer manufacturer Ground be using CONCORD because - is ground exclusively from a clean white Muscovite Mica scrap Imported from India and Africa - is whiter and purer - is strictly competitive in price Send for samples and prices CONCORD MICA CORPORATION 35 Crescent Street - Penacook N. H. Pioneers in producing Mica for Paint Advance Solvents & Chem- ical Corp. ............. June American Can Co. .......- May American Cyanamid Company .............. May American Zinc Sales Co. 3rd Cover Atlas Electric Devices ..... . Atlas Powder Company ... Bakelite Company a Divi- sion of Union Carbide and June June Carbon Corporation .... The Baker Castor Oil Co. .. Barrett Div Allied Chemical & Dye Corp. .......... Binney & Smith Co. ....... Carbide & Carbon Chemicals June June June Junc Div Union Carbide & Carbon Corp .......... E. W. Colledge G.S.A. Inc. Commercial Solvents Corp. Concord Mica Corp. ...... Continental Can Company .. Coors Porcelain Co. ....... 37 Junc 34 42 June 3 Cuno Engineering Co. .... The Davics Can Co. ....-. The Davison Chemical Corp. Dicalite Division Great Lakes Carbon Corp. ........+- Duisburger Kupferhuette .. Edgar Bros. Co. .......... Elgin Manufacturing Co. .. The English Mica Co. ..... Falk & Co. ........... wee 25 June 41 === === === IFF IFF IFF A. Gross & Company ...... W. C. Hardesty Co. Inc. Hellige Inc. ...-...--606- Hercules Powder Co. ...... IFF IFF = = Landes Zachary & Peterson * Lead Industries Association = Mapico Color Div Co- lumbian Carbon Corp. 4th Cover Metals Disintegrating Co ... June Millmaster Chemical Corp. . 40 Naftone Inc. ......-..... 4 The Neville Company ..... 33 Newport Industries Inc. Front Cover Nuodex Products Co. ...... 28 Pan American Refining Corp. Pan American Chemicals Div ........ 38 R. B. H. Dispersions Divi- sion of Interchemical Corp. 29 Reichhold Chemicals Inc. 2nd Cover Charles Ross & Son Co. .. Shell Chemical Corp. ...... Shell Oil Co. .........0.-- June 39 6 Sindar Corp. ............ Sparkler Manufacturing Company ........-...-. Sun Oil Co. ..... 6.00000 ee Titanium Pigment Corpora- tiontion nr er Troy Engine & Machine Co. Union Carbide and Carbon June 30 June 15 June Corporation Bakelite Com- pany . 2. &. Carbon C. arbon Carbon June Union Carbide & Carbon Corp. Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Div ...... ee United Carbon Co. ....... U. S. Inc. Industrial Chemicals Stoneware icccee creer eenes U. S. Stoneware Co. ..... . Velsicol Corp. .......-.--- C. K. Williams & Co. ...... June May 23 32 Wyandotte Chemicals Cor- poration .........--.--- 42 RCI follows a definition from WEBSTER'S- tndentepa!res cen'tral =. een divide and distribute cre )Ay A According to Webster the word decentralize means to divide and distribute And that's precisely what it means to RCI For RCI world's largest manufacturer of synthetic resins and one of the world's leading producers of chemical colors holds a firm belief in the decentralized type of operation RCI plants warehouses and sales offices are strategically located from coast to coast constant readiness to answer every call with quick convenient efficient outstanding service that pays off with rapid deliveries and handy technical assistance for RCI customers Then too if a product is in short supply at one plant RCI can furnish it from another ... if one or more plants are shut down by strike or fire RCI can still continue to operate But why not find out for yourself Just check the record and you'll agree synthetic resins and chemical colors your best buy is RCI ......... ......... ......... ......... ... ... n...enne 2 oe e )re REICHHOLD CHEMICALS General Offices and Main Plant Detroit 20 Michigan INC Other Planta Brooklyn New York Elizabeth New Jersey South San Francisco and Azusa California Tuscaloosa Alabama Seattle Washington * Chicago Illinois Liverpool England Paris France Toronto and Port Moody Canada Sydney Australia Sasenheim Sassenheim East London South Africa and Apeldoorn Apeldoorn Holland Naples Italy Japan Werndorf Austria * Buenos Aires Argentina Hamburg Germany Gothenburg Sweden ' Zurich Switzerland SYNTHETIC RESINS e PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE CHEMICAL COLORS PHENOLIC PLASTICS MALEIC ANHYDRIDE SODIUM SULFATE PHENOL GLYCERINE SODIUM SULFITE ae, Set e tf rede nT igPatheabe nae2 4] 4 na ey TITANOX TECHNICAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT white pigment inventory to your customers varying demands is yours for the asking The Technical Service Department of Titanox is armed with a wealth of practical data and experience that can save you valuable time in applying the versatility of Titanox Pigments to case your problems today Consider the rutile Titanox Pigments for example Although each of these pigments has been developed through research to impart special properties exceedingly well all are well fitted for a wide range of other applications In fact with just four RCHT RANC RA pigments you can meet the bulk of your customers requirements Call or write the Technical Service . Department today You can be sure of their i. willing cooperation to help you get the most benefit from your Titanox Pigments 7 Titanium Pigment Corporation 111 Broadway : New York 6 N. Y Boston 6 Chicago 3 Cleveland 15 Los Angeles 22 Philadelphia 3 Pittsburgh 12 Portland 9 Ore San Francisco 7. In Canada Canadian Titanium Pigments Ltd. Montreal 2 Toronto 1 PAINT AND VARNISH PRODUCTION JULY 1951 TITANIUM PIGMENT CORPORATION of NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY Subsidiary 15 what's NEW in Metalcoating St aM g PEAY TAM I RI eee 4 i 4 ^' : i i : for ... DRUM COATINGS affords significant new advantages in sub- . . over iron tinplate steel and terne strate protection plate plus chemical resistance for packaging containers Your products and processes may benefit materially through having the facts Write for Velsicol Bulletin No. 221 ' PROTECTIVE LINERS i i i : to PRIMERS VELSICOL General Offices and Laboratories 330 E. Grand Avenue Chicago 11 Illinois representatives CORPORATION Export Division 100 E. 42nd Street New York New York in principal cities 23 ; - dz. PAINT AND VARNISH PRODUCTION JULY 1951 INERT PIGMENTS THAT IMPROVE YOUR PRODUCT ALUMINUALUMMINUM SILICATE PIGMENTS 1 ] | ' HOW EDGAR ASP 100 CUTS DOWN MILL WEAR AND GRINDING TIME Because of Edgar ASP 100s extremely fine particle rts, size maximum size 10 times finer than a 325 3. mesh screen and inherent softness mill wear is materially reduced Coupled with this fact is Edgar ASP 100s unusual ease of dispersion and excellent wettability which can cut grinding time up to 50 at no loss in fineness of grind Two solid qualities which this inert pigment gives you in addition to the saving on expensive and scarce pigments And as with all Edgar products craftsmanship in production combines with meticulous quality control to give you an inert pigment of continuously uniform high quality He Why not receive all the facts A te by sending in this coupon ee . +. technical literature and sample drums are avail- age able no obligation teoee of course Fen eaeoneeeeeaeeeeeee 1 Edgar Incorporated 1899 EDGAR BROTHERS COMPANY Please send me the following O File folder with () Sample drum date 2 lb. technical lb. data 10 lb. Name Firm METUCHEN NEW JERSEY Address ASP 100 na enweonnwnenecw en e s ern e eeezFr F e eenFe F 26 Meet these Rigid Government rr at Paint Specs ... with these U.S.I.resins U.S.I.resins JAN LACQUER ENAMEL LUSTRELESS Grades , II IET Current revision to hot spray type will also utilize AROPLAZ 945 AROPLAZ 945 JAN ENAMEL LUSTRELESS QUICK DRYING non lifting to lacquer ee GRADE , Infrared Reflecting aber AROPLAZ 663 GRADE II Infrared Reflecting Olive Drab only AROPLAZ 663 ri GRADE III Oil Resisting Infrared Reflecting AROPLAZ 663 ante Ube 6889A PRIMER ZINC CHROMATE + Types I and II AROPLAZ 1365 10687 Ordnance ENAMEL LUSTRELESS QUICK DRYING WHITE BLACK 301 BLUE 307 RED 314 YELLOW 316 OLIVE DRAB 319 GREEN 322 BLUE GRAY 331 15090 ENAMEL EQUIPMENT Lt. Gray FORMULA III Type , Medium drying Class 1 gloss and Class 2 gloss Type II Fast drying Class 1 gloss and Class 2 gloss Type III Baking Class 1 gloss and Class 2 gloss AROPOL 865 for grind AROPOL 880 for let down AROPLAZ 1240 AROPLAZ 663 AROPLAZ 1136 New government specifications for finishes used on ammunition military aircraft and other defense items require special resins with really exacting performance characteristics You'll find the resins to meet or exceed these new more rigid specifications in U.S.I.'s Complete Resin bbecauseecbeacauusseU.eS.I. is constantly add- ing new specialized resins to the line . . . keeping abreast of the latest developments in the protective coatings industry through continual forward research There's a local U.S.I. technical representative in your area who 8 eal has complete information on not only these specifications but also any of the other important government issues as well Write or and Rane phone your nearest U.S.I. office today Le eee INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS INC NU 60 East 42nd Street New York 17 N. Y. r Branches in all principal cities 27 PAINT AND VARNISH PRODUCTION JULY 1951 Conducted by Lancaster Allwine & Rommel PATENTS AND COPYRIGHTS 424 Bowen Building Washington D. C. Complete copies of any patents or mark registration reported below may be obtained by sending 50c for cach copy desired to Lancaster All- wine & Rommel Allyl Esters U. Patent 2,536,568 Maxwell A. Pollack Denville N J. assignor to E. F. Drew & Co. Inc. New York N. Y. a corporation of Delaware A method of making modified oils having valuable film forming and drying properties which comprises heating a drying oil to a temperature in the neighborhood of 300 C. for a sufficient length of time to cause partial polymerization of unsaturated acids to take place alcoholizing said oil so polymerized with an unsaturated monohydric alcohol having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and heating said unsaturated alcohol ester at about 300 C. for a sufficient length of time to increase the viscosity of said product Coating Composition U. S. Patent 2,537,017 Gerald R. Barrett Winchester Mass assignor to Monsanto Chemical Co. St. Louis Mo. a corporation of Delaware A coating composition for flexible surfaces comprising as essential film forming materials 1 polyvinyl butyral and 2 a copolymer consisting of the copolymerization product of a secondary alkyl half ester of an ethylene dicarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of malcic and fumaric acids wherein the alkyl radical con- tains from 6 to 10 carbon atoms and styrene said half ester and styrene be- ing copolymerized in a molal ratio between 1 1 and : 2 and a plasticizer for said forming materials Plasticizers for P V C U. S. Patent 2,538,254 Robert J. Lee La Marque Tex and Robert H. Reiff New Cumberland Pa assignors to Pan American Refining Corporation Texas City Tex a corporation of Delaware A resin of reduced corrosion tend- encies selected from the group consist- ing of polyvinyl chloride resin and polyvinyl chloride copolymer resin containing between about 80 and about 95 percent of polyvinyl chloride and be- tween about 20 and about 5 percent of polyvinyl acetate said resin comprising between about 15 and about 100 percent by weight based on said resin of a phenyl naphthyl ketone selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted phenyl naphthyl ketones and unsubstituted phenyl methylnaphthyl ketones Coatings for Flexible Surfaces ABALYN U. Patent 2,537,017 Gerald R. Bar- rett Winchester Mass assignor to Mon- . santo Chemical Company St. Louis Mo. a corporation of Delaware Hercules Hercolyn and in many lacquer compositions A coating composition for flexible sur- faces comprising as essential film form- ing materials 1 polyvinyl butyral and 2 a copolymer consisting of the copolymerization product of a secondary alkyl half ester of an ethylene a ^ carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of malcic and fumaric acids wherein the alkyl radical contains from 6 to 10 carbon atoms and styrene said half ester and styrene being copolymer- ized in a molal ratio between : and Abalyn are liquid resin- ous esters of low vapor pressure good alkali resistance and wide compatibility Both impart gloss and flow to compositions in which they are used Hercolyn hydrogenated methyl ester of rosin is well established as a secondary plasticizer with both type and chemical plasticizers Abalyn methyl ester of rosin is more reactive due to the presence of double structures It is frequently used in heat verted compositions for example in conjunction with phenol hyde condensations to impart resistance to embrittlement Send for technical information and testing sample 2 and a plasticizer for said form- HERCULES POWDER COMPANY Synthetics Dept. 926 Market St. Wilmington Del ing materials ae IC51-3 31 PAINT AND VARNISH PRODUCTION JULY 1951 FORMULATION FOR SPEC FINISHES Sixteen suggested formulations to meet U. S. Government paint speci- fications are offered to paint manufacturers and paint technologists in a page booklet prepared by Rohm & Haas Company Washington Sq Philadelphia 5 Pa Formulations cover Federal Speci- fication 485B a inhibiting olive drab enamel for drums and other metal products 489 a synthetic gloss enamel for exterior and interior surfaces 506B an interior gloss enamel white or with tints 508 a gloss interior enamel white or with tints 636 a synthetic primer for ferrous metal and wood surfaces 266 alkyd resin solu- duced by The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company has been prepared and released In announcing its availability H. R. Thies manager of Goodyear's Chemical Division said the booklet lists properties compounding techniques and applications in a wide range of products Use of the material in general and pressure adhesives is also included ABRASION TESTING Bulletin No. 5003 describes Model 140 standard abrasion testing set manufactured by the Taber Instrument Corp. 111 Goundry St. North Tonawanda N. Y. DECORATING STYRENE Decorative treatments for Lustrex styrene plastic are described in a new page illustrated booklet prepared by Monsanto Chemical Company's Plastics Division Springfield Mass molding processes discussed in the booklet cover metalizing lacquer- ing all types of stamping and print- ing and destaticizing Operating methods and processes are illustrated by charts and photographs Advantages of lacquering as well as preparation of plastics surfaces lacquering methods and operating methods are described fully Metaliz- ing methods include electroplating spraying vacuum metalizing and cathode sputtering tions Quartermaster Corps Tentative Specification O.Q.M.G. No. 167 protective interior lacquers for steel containers for fuels and lubricants formulate with JAN a resisting synthetic primer JAN a phenol or urea formaldehyde baking enamel 5557 a black resisting glyceryl phthalate enamel MIL 6889A a zinc chromate primer for aircraft use MIL a glyceryl phthalate spar varnish 10181 Ord a lacquer type sanding surfacer 15090 a light gray equipment enamel Formula III Amendment 1 Bureau of Ordnance Specification 52 Ord a rapid drying semigloss enamel Bureau of Aeronautics Specifica- tion 26 Aer a low watersensitivity cellulose nitrate lacquer A DISPERSANT resin dispersion in vinyl organosols Medium evaporation rate of ethyl butyl ketone retards film crack- ing and facilitates fusion A SOLVENT solvent for VINYLITE resin VYHH Partic- ularly useful in nitrocellulose lacquers and synthetic coatings requiring a medium ketone Formula PHYSICAL PROPERTIES + ' ' ' . > . . - C4H9COC2H5 LACQUERS AND SEALERS Boiling Point at 760 mm Hg 147.8 Furniture lacquers and sanding sealers are described in a new bul- letin prepared by the Merrimac Div of the Monsanto Chemical Co. Everett Mass Pointing out that the Toluol Dilution Ratio at 20 sec R. S. Nitrocellulose Evaporation Rate Butyl Acetate . + 2.6 40 . finest wood and best design are wasted under an inferior finish the Available in commercial quantities bulletin sets forth qualifications for clear and matte finish lacquers Properties discussed include percent solids application gloss flexibility durability and resistance to scratching printing alcohol heat cold and moisture CHEMIGUM A new technical booklet on Chemi- gum a nitrile synthetic rubber pro- 30 E. 42nd St. New York 17 Offices in Principal Cities Y. In Canada Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Limited Toronto Vinylite is a registered trade of Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation PAINT AND VARNISH PRODUCTION JULY 1951 37 __ TWO ALUMINUM TUBES the one on the right coated with a standard white enamel . . the hand tube coated with an Epon enamel hy f 4 %Y Gy, 4% aha, X, RY W w = SS FF Pe These enameled toothpaste tubes looked alike originally But after a brutal accordion test the Epon resin finish on one remained smooth and unharmed ... even on the sharp corners The second tube coated with a standard widely enamel cracked and flaked off The secret of this adhesion lies in the polar nature of the Epon molecule So outstanding is this property that even an unprimed zinc die casting takes a hard dura- ble finish with a single coat of an Epon resin enamel This property plus excellent chemical resistance and flexibility make Epon resins unusually attractive Although the demand for Epon resins is ahead of present production increased capacity is on the way Now is the time to develop your formulations based on these new resins Experimental quantities may be obtained for evaluation wr PAINT AND VARNISH PRODUCTION JULY 1951 CORPORATION CHEMICAL PARTNER OF INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE Eastern Division 500 Fifth Avenue New York 18 Western Division 100 Bush Street San Francisco 6 * Los Angeles Houston St. Louis Chitago Cleveland * Boston * Detroit + Nework IN CANADA Shell Oil Company of Canada Limited Toronto Montreal Vancouver 39