Document QgyVvkZyV1k2d69D2bbyZLeG8

FILE NAME: New York State & NY Times (NY) DATE: 1967 DOC#: NY079 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: NY Dept of Labor Industrial Code Part 23 [As Amended]  2 2 .2 8 T IT L E 12 L A B O R reg u la r Intervals not exceeding three months for fitness to continue work in j com p ressed air. The record of each such examination shall be made on form no I 22-B en titled "Physical E xam ination" and a copy shall be kept on the job. (d) R esu m p tio n of w o rk . Every compressed air worker who has been absent from th e job 10 days or more shall be examined by the physician before resuming w ork. T h e ph ysician 's findings shall be submitted in writing to the person in charge , and sh a ll be k ep t on the job. (e ) P h y sic a l fitness. (1) Persons engaged for manual labor in compressed air for the first tim e shall not be over 40 years of age. (2 ) Only persons who are able to readily equalize the pressure in their ears shall be accepted for work in compressed air. (3 ) P erson s h a v in g chronic alcoholism shall not be permitted to work in compressed air. (4) P ersons havin g any chronic systemic disease or any impairing physical d eform ity or abnorm ality including excessive obesity shall not be engaged for w ork in compressed air. (5) P erson s h a v in g any disease of the ear or any systemic disease including sk eletal, cardio-vascular, respiratory, genito-urinary or gastro-intestinal, which m ay be aggravated by work in compressed air or which m ay prevent safe perform ance o f such work, shall not be permitted to work in compressed air. Historical N ote Sec. added by renumbering former see. 1967. 22.24, filed Jan. 12. 1967 to be eff. Jan. 16, i f 2 2 .2 8 P reservation o f medical records, (a) A ll records pertinent to med ic a l exam inations, em ploym ent dates and decompressions shall be promptly delivered to and placed in the custody o f the owner. The owner shall cause such records to be preserved and properly filed within the State until they are transferred to the commissioner. fb) The ow ner m ay voluntarily transfer such records to the commissioner at any tim e and shall so transfer them within 10 years after cessation of the opera tion s in th e course o f w hich they were made. (c) I f for any reason the owner is or becomes unable so to preserve and file such records he shall transfer them to the commissioner. (d) A ll such records in the custody of the owner shall be made available to th e com m issioner on demand. They shall be transferred to the custody of the com m issioner if the comm issioner at any time finds that such transfer is necessary fo r their preservation and orders that they be transferred to him. (e) N o person shall m aliciously alter, mutilate, destroy or remove any such record. 1.'!-* Historical Note Sec. added by renumbering former sec. 1967. 22.26. filed Jan. 12, 1967 to be eff. Jan. 16, 4 P j' #H || 2 2 .2 9 Severability. I f any provision of this Part or the application thereof to a n y person or circum stance is held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications o f th is P art which can be given effect without the invalid provisions or applications and to this end the prolusions of this Part are declared to be severable. Historical Note See. added by renumbering former aec, 1967. 22.26, filed Jan. 12, 1967 to be eff. Jan. 16, 542.24 UB 1-31-67 CHAPTER X BOARD OF STANDARDS AND A PPEALS 23-1.1 PART 23 PROTECTION IN CONSTRUCTION, DEMOLITION AND EXCAVATION OPERATIONS (Statutory authority: Labor Lnw, 55 27-a, 28, 29) Subpart 28-1 Siibpart 23-2 Subpart 23-3 Subpart 23-1 Subpart 23-5 Subpart 23-6 Subpart 23-7 Subpart 23-8 Subpart 23-9 Subpart 23-10 Subpart 23-11 General Pro\isions Construction Operations Demolition Operations Excavation Operations Scaffolding Material Hoisting Personnel Hoists Mobile Cranes, Tower Cranes and Derricks Power-Operated Equipment E xh au st Gases from Internal Combustion Engines U se of Explosives Historical Note Part repealed, new Part (Subparts 23-1-- 23-11) filed May 30, 1972 eS. June 1, 1972. S e c tio n -2 3 ,0 2 3 .63 Historical Note Sees, repealed, filed May 30, 1972 eft. June 1, 1972. Sec. 23-1.1 23-1.2 23-1.3 23-1.4 23-1.5 23-1.6 23-1.7 23-1.8 23-1.9 23-1.10 23-1.11 23-1.12 23-1.13 23-1.14 23-1.15 23-1.16 23-1.17 23-1.18 23-1.19 23-1.20 SUBPART 23-1 GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec. Title and citation Finding of fact Application Definitions General responsibility of employers Responsibility of employees Protection from general hazards Personal protective equipment Drinking water and sanitation Hand tools Dumber and nail fastenings Guarding of power-driven machinery Electrical hazards Temporary combustion devices Safety railing Safety belts, harnesses, tail lines and lifelines Life nets Sidewalk sheds and barricades Catch platforms Chutes 23-1.21 23-1.22 23-1.23 23-1.24 23-1.25 23-1.26 23-1.27 23-1.28 23-1.29 23-1.30 23-1.31 23-1.32 23-1.33 23-1.34 Historical Note Subpart CS 23-1.1--23-1.33) May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972. Ladders and ladderways Structural runways, ramps and platforms Earth ramps and runways Work on roofs Welding and flame cutting operations Lead fumes and dust from structural steel Mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic jacks Hand-propelled vehicles Public vehicular traffic Illumination Approval of materials and devices Imminent danger--notice, warning and avoidance Protection of persons passing by construction, demolitioner exca vation operations Severability added, filed Section 23-1,1 Tit,e and citation. Within and for the purposes of the New York State Department of Labor, this Part (rule) may be known as "Industrial Code Rule No. 23" relating to "Protection in Construction, Demolition and Excava tion Operations" and m ay be cited as "Rule 23" as an alternative and without preju- 543 L B 1-31-75  23-1.2 T IT L E 12 LABOR dice to its designation and citation established by the Secretary of State of the State of New York. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1072 eff. June 1, 1072. 23*1.2 Finding of fact. The board finds that the trades and occupations of persons employed in construction, demolition and excavation operations involve such elements of danger to the lives, health and safety of such persons and of persons lawfully frequenting the areas of such activities as to require special regulations for their protection in that such persons are exposed to the following: (a) The hazards of falling and of falling objects and materials. (b) The hazards associated with the operation of vehicles and of construction, demolition and excavation machinery and equipment. (c) The hazards of fire, explosion and electricity. (d) The hazards of injury from the use of and contact with dangerous tools, machines and materials. (e) The hazards incidental to the handling and movement of heavy materials. (f) The hazards of exposure to the elements and air contaminants. Historical Note See. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972. 23-1.3 Application. This Part (rule) applies to persons employed In construc tion, demolition and excavation, operations, to their employers and to the owners, contractors and their agents obligated by the Labor Law to provide such persons with safe working conditions and safe places to work. This Part (rule) also applies to persons lawfully frequenting the areas of construction, demolition and excavation operations. This Part (rule) applies exclusively throughout the State of New York notwithstanding any other law or regulation, local or general. Notes: (1) See, however, secftion 23-1.13 of this Part (rule) relat ing to electrical hazards. (2) Section 23-1.33 of this Part (rule) does not apply to any city in the State having a population of one million or more persons. Historical Note Sec. filed May 30, 1972; end. filed San. 31, 1975 eff. Feb. 1,1975. 23-1.4 Definitions, (a) Oenerai descriptive terms. A s used in this Part (rule), such general terms as adequate, effective, equal, equivalent, firm., necessary, proper, safe, secure, substantial, sufficient, suitable and other similar terms when used to describe materials, devices, structures, methods and procedures required by this Part (rule) shall mean that such materials, devices, structures, methods and pro cedures shall be of such kind and quality as a reasonable and prudent man experi enced in construction, demolition and excavation operations would require in order to provide safe working conditions for himself in the performance of such work. (b) Specific terms. As used herein, or in connection with this Part (rule) the following terms mean: (1) Acceptable. Acceptable to the commissioner. (2) Aerial basket. A vehicle-mounted, power-operated device with an artic ulating or telescoping work platform designed for use at elevated working positions. (3) Approved. In respect to a device, material or method; in compliance with a subsisting resolution of approval adopted by the board. In respect to action by the board: made the subject of a resolution of approval. There are two kinds of approval granted by the board as follows: 544 L B 1-31-75 CHAPTER I BOARD OF STANDARD? AND APPEALS 23-1.4 lit General approval. An appro-'nl. e't.her required or voluntary, which is effective th ro u g h o u t th e S ta te of N r-'/ V iii) Sprcin! approval. An upprovr.l. cill's- required or voluntary, which is granted for a particular device, material or met/, - to be used or operated only at the specific location stated in the resolution of special approval. (4) Area. Any space, either private or public, including a road, street or sidewalk, which may be affected by or subject to hazards from construction, demolition or excavation operations. (51 Bearer. A horizontal member of a scaffold which supports the platform. (61 Blasting area. An area near any blasting operation in which concussion or flying material or debris resulting from a blast of explosives can reasonably be expected to cause injury to any person therein. 171 Board. The Board of Standards and Appeals of the State of N ew York. (8) Boatswain' chair. A seat supported by rope slings attached to a block and tackle or supported by a powered hoisting unit designed to accommodate one person in a sitting position for vertical travel. (9) Bricklayer's square scaffold. A scaffold the platform o f which is com posed of planks supported on built-up squares secured to each other by diagonal bracing. (10) Catch platform. A structure fabricated and mounted on an exterior vertical wall of any building or other structure and designed to catch and hold failing objects or material from upper working levels. (11) Commissioner. The Industrial Commissioner of the State o f N ew York or his duly authorized representative. (12) Competent. Qualified by training and/or experience to perform a par ticular task or duty. (13) Construction work. All work of the types performed in the construc tion, erection, alteration, repair, maintenance, painting or moving o f buildings or other structures, whether or not such work is performed in proximate relation to a specific building or other structure and includes, by way of illustration but not by way of limitation, the work of hoisting, land clearing, earth moving, grading, excavating, trenching, pipe and conduit laying, road and bridge construction, concreting, cleaning of the exterior surfaces including windows of any building or other structure under construction, equipment installation and the structural installation of wood, metal, glass, plastic, masonry and other building materials in any form or for any purpose. (14) Dangerous air contaminants. Air contaminants in quantities tending to injure the health of any person. Air contaminants in quantities greater than 25 percent of the lower explosive level of any substance, mixture or compound which they may form. (15) Dead load. The load imposed on a structure by the weight of all com ponent parts which make up such structure. (161 Demolition work. The work incidental to or associated with the total or partial dismantling or razing of a building or other structure including the removing or dismantling of machinery or other equipment. (17) Designated person. A person selected and directed by an employer or his authorized agent to perform a specific task or duty. (18) Excavating machine. A power-driven vehicle equipped to excavate, push, grade or elevate earth, rock or other material. (19) Excavation work. The removal of earth, rock or other material In con nection with construction or demolition operations. (20) Excavation, area-type. An excavation having a bottom width equal to or greater than twice the depth of such excavation. 545 IB 5-31-72  23-1.4 TITH E 12 LABO R (21) Excavation, trcnch-tgpc. An excavation having a bottom width less than twice the depth of such excavation. (22) Extension ladder. A. nonself-suppporting portable ladder adjustable In length which consists of two or more sliding sections traveling in guides or brackets. (23) Extension trestle ladder. A self-supporting trestle ladder provided with an adjustable vertical sliding single ladder section having parallel sides or rails. (24) Heavy duty scaffold. A scaffold designed and constructed to carry a maximum live load of 75 pounds per square foot, such as one intended for stone masons and required to support heavy materials in addition to the workmen. (25) Independent pole scaffold. A scaffold supported from the ground, floor or equivalent surface by a double row of vertical poles, independent of support from the walls of a building or other structure, and which consists of poles, ledgers, diagonal bracing, horizontal platform bearers and a platform. (26) Job site. The site of a project involving construction, demolition or excavation operations. (27) Ladder jack scaffold. A scaffold the platform of which is supported by brackets or jacks attached to the side rails of ladders. (28) Ledger. A horizontal scaffold member extending to and forming a tie between the vertical posts and which supports the putlogs or bearers. (29) Life net. An approved life net made and used in compliance with the provisions of this Part (rule). (30) Light duty scaffold. A scaffold designed and constructed to carry a maximum live load of 25 pounds per square foot, such as one intended for car penters or painters and required to support no load other than a small weight of material or tools in addition to the workmen. (31) Live load. The load imposed on a structure consisting of the total weight of all loads supported by such structure. (32) Manually propelled mobile scaffold. A portable rolling scaffold sup ported by casters. (33) Material platform, hoist. A power- or manually-operated suspended platform operating in guide rails attached to a tower or similar structure used for raising or lowering material exclusively and operated and controlled from a point outside the conveyance. (34) Medium duty scaffold. A scaffold designed and constructed to carry a maximum live load of 50 pounds per square foot, such as one intended for brick layers or plasterers and required to support no load other than a moderate weight of material in addition to the workmen. (35) Multiple-point suspension scaffold. A scaffold with a continuous plat form supported by three or more beams or bearers the ends of which are so suspended by wire rope from an overhead support as to permit the raising or lowering of the platform to a desired position by manual or powered means. (36) Needle beam scaffold. A scaffold consisting of a plank platform sup ported by parallel horizontal beams which are suspended by ropes. (37) Outrigger scaffold. A scaffold the platform of which is built upon out riggers or thrust-outs projecting from the wall or exterior face of a building or other structure with the inboard ends of such supports secured inside the build ing or other structure. (38) Personnel hoist. A power-operated elevator the car of which operates in guide rails supported by an exterior tower or similar structure or by an in terior hoistway within a building or other structure and used primarily to carry persons to elevated work areas during construction or demolition operations. 546 L B 5-31-72 CHAPTER I BOARD O P STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-1.4 (39) Persons law fully frequenting. Any person exercising a lawful right of presence or passage in any area, including persons on a public, sidewalk, street or highway. (40) Power buggy. A small self-powered vehicle operated by one person and used solely for the movement of materials on or about construction, demolition or excavation sites. (41) Putlog. A horizontal member of a single-pole scaffold supported on one end by a ledger and on the other end by the wall of a building or other structure and which supports the scaffold platform. (42) Roofing bracket. A bracket used in sloped roof construction and having sharp points of other means for securely fastening the bracket to the roof in order to prevent any person from slipping. (43) Runner. A horizontal member of a scaffold extending the entire length of the scaffold. (44) Safety belt. An approved safety belt provided and used in accordance with the provisions of this Part (rule). (45) Scaffold. A temporary elevated working platform and its supporting structure including all components. (46) Sectional ladder. A ladder consisting of two or more individual sections so constructed that the sections can be connected and combined end to end to function as a single ladder. (47) Shall. The word shall is always mandatory. (48) Shoring, concrete. A system of temporary supports, either wood or metal, used to support the weight of forms and uncured concrete. (49) Shoring, excavation. Temporary bracing used to support the sides of an excavation to prevent their collapse. (50) Single ladder. A nonself-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, consisting of but one section. (51) Single pole scaffold. A scaffold the platform of which rests on putlogs or cross-beams, the outer ends of which are supported on ledgers secured to a single row of vertical posts or uprights while the inboard ends are supported on the top of a wall or other structure or by means of openings in a wall or other structure. (52) Soil, (i) Stiff cohesive soil. Soil which does not crumble and which shows only slight indentations with moderate finger pressure. Such soils are generally stiff silts and clays or glacial tills with a relatively high content of plastic fines. (ii) Noncohesive soil. Soil which crumbles by itself or under slight finger pressure. Such soils are generally silts, sands, gravels or mixtures of these with little or no plastic fines present. (Ili) Soft cohesive or wet-flowing soils. Wet sticky soil which can be molded with slight finger pressure or wet fine-grained granual soil which flows under its own weight. Such soils are either soft silts, clays, organic soils or w et loose sands and/or silts. (53) Stepladder. A self-supporting portable ladder, adjustable in length, having flat steps or heavy duty rungs and a hinged back, (54) Stilts. A pair of devices with foot and leg attachments which are used to elevate a person above a floor or equivalent surface in order to perform work on walls and ceilings. (55) Tower crane. A crane design which utilizes a mast or tower in a fixed vertical position for supporting the operating boom. The three elements of a tower crane are a revolving superstructure, a base mounting and a boom attach- 547 L B 11-80-75  23-1.5 TtTLH 12 LABOR m ent and such elements are varied for each tower crane application. (56) Trestle ladder. A self-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, consisting of tw o sections w hich are hinged together a t the top to form equal angles with the base. (57) Tube and coupler scaffold. A self-supporting scaffold constructed of individual pieces of tubular metal, pipe or other material of equivalent strength forming vertical posts, runners, bearers and diagonal bracing and with ail junc tion points fastened together h y means of approved couplers or approved locking devices. (58) Two-point suspension scaffold. A scaffold of the type commonly known as a painter's scaffold or swing staging having a platform supported b y stirrups or hangers a t tw o points near the ends and which is so suspended from overhead supports as to permit the raising or lowering o f the platform to a desired position either manually or by means of power. (59) "Window jack. A working platform fcr one person which is supported by a bracket or jack which projects through a window opening. (60) Zone o f demolition. Any area in the immediate vicinity of a demolition site where persons m ay b e injured from falling material or debris or from the operation of demolition machinery or equipment. Historical Note See. added, filed May 80, 1972 eff. June X 1972. D ecisions 1. Term "soafloM" construed A platform under a bridge which was being worked on, placed there to>catch ma terials falling from the bridge emd to pro vide a work platform^ is a "eoaffold''- as de fined in the Industrial Code (12 NVCRR 2S-1.4[bH451 end is within the purview of section 240 of the Labor "Lam. Rocha v. State of New York, 45 AD 2d 638 (1974). 23-1.5 General responsibility of employers. These general provisions shall not be construed or applied in contravention of an y specific provisions of this P art (rule). (a) Health and safety protection required. A ll places where employees are suf fered or permitted to perform work o f any kind in construction, demolition or excavation operations shall be so constructed, equipped, arranged, operated and con- ducted as to provide reasonable and adequate protection for the lives, health and _Perscms well as of persons lawfully frequenting th e area of such, a ty. To this end, all employers, owners, contractors and their agents and other persons Obligated b y law to provide safe working conditions, personal protective eq pment and safe places to work for persons employed in construction, demolition prations a*3 to protect persons lawfully frequenting the areas of a0 ^ shall provide or cause to be provided the working conditions, safety t y*les of oonstruction, methods of demolition and of excavation and the ahull arrr lneans' mthds and procedures required by this P art (rule). No employer ,, 5 * TM ^ 811 employee to work under working conditions which are not Ce 016 Provisions of this Part (rule), or to perform any act pro hibited b y any provision of this Part (rule). bv tiris ? ^ r< ^ J e^ \ r^ nent TM P *eoy. For the performance of work required an emnlovmi- han * 6 ?ae by or un^er the supervision of a designated person, and unifient mnr, M ff* * 0 as 811011 person only such an employee a s a reasonable ccoonnssiiddeerr ccoommpneetteenntt*t?o pee"rofoeram111succohnswtrourckti.on, demolition or excavation work would 5 5 ? 648 LB 11-80-75 saf egw lrds- (1) No employer shall suffer or *" - -* - * CHAPTER 1 BOARD OP STANDARDS A N D APPEALS 23-1.7 (2) All load carrying' equipment shall be designed, constructed and main tained throughout to safely support the loads Intended to be Imposed thereon. (S) A ll safety devices, safeguards and equipment in nse .Shall he kept sound and operable, and shall be immediately repaired or restored or immediately re moved from the job site if damaged. H istorical N ote Seo, added, filed H ay SK 1072 eft. dune 1,1072. 23-1.6 Responsibility o f employees. Every employee Shall observe all the pro visions of this Part (rule) which directly concern or affect his conduct. He shall use the safety devices provided for h is personal protection and he shall not tamper w ith or render ineffective an y sa fety device, safeguard or personal protective equip m ent H istorical N ote See. added, filed Hay BO, 1072 eft. June 1,1072, 23-1.7 Protection from general hazards, (a) Overhead hazards. (1) Every place where persons are required to worK or pass that is normally exposed to falling material or Objects Shall he provided with suitable overhead protection. Such overhead protection Shall consist of tightly laid sound planks at' least two Inches thick full size, tightly laid three-quarter inch exterior grade plywood or other material of equivalent strength. Such overhead protection shall be provided with a supporting structure capable^ of supporting a loading of 100 pounds per square fo o t (2) Where persona are lawfully frequenting areas exposed to falling material or objects but wherein employees are not required to work or pass, such exposed areas Shall be provided w ith barricades, fencing or the equivalent in compliance with this Part (rule) to prevent inadvertent entry into such areas. (b) Fading hazards. (1) Hazardous openings, (i) Every hazardous open ing into which a person m ay step or fall shall he guarded by a substantial cover fastened in place or by a safety railing constructed and installed in compliance with this P art (rule). (li) "Where free access into such an opening is required by work in prog ress, a barrier or safety railing constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule) shall guard such opening and the means of free access to the opening Shall be a substantial gate. Such gate shall swing in a direction away from the opening and shall be kept latched except for entry and ex it (ill) "Where employees are required to work close to the edge o f such an opening, such employees shall be protected as follows: () Two-inch planking, full size, or material o f equivalent strength installed not more than one floor or 15 fe e t whichever is less, beneath the opening; or () A n approved life n et Installed not more than five feet beneath the opening; or (o) An approved safety belt with attached lifeline which is properly secured to a substantial fixed anchorage. (2) Bridge or highw ay overpass construction, (i) Approved safety belts shall be provided for and used b y persons employed at elevations greater than 50 feet above land or water during bridge or highway overpass construc tion or a t any elevation during structural or construction work performed over highways or railroads open to public traffic. (ii) Scaffolds, platforms or approved life nets m ay he provided as altem a- MB LB 11-80-78  23*1.7 T IT L E 12 LA BO Il tives to approved safety belts. When used, such alternatives shall be Installed not more than five feet below the lower edge of the structural members on or above which the persons to be protected are working. Such scaffolds, plat forms or life nets shall be Installed and maintained at all times when persons are working except when such safety protection would Interfere with the placement of structural members or assemblies, in which case approved safety belts shall be worn. (c) Drowning hazards. Where any person Is exposed to the hazard of falling Into water beneath his work location in which he m ight drown, equipment for the prompt rescue of such person from the w ater shall be provided. Such equipment shall consist o f a manned boat o f a size suitable for the existin g w ater conditions and area. Such boat shall be equipped w ith oars, w ith U nited States Coast Guard approved life preservers, with a life ring fastened to a line not less than 50 feet in length and w ith a boat hook. Such boat shall continuously patrol the area beneath th e work location at all times when any person is exposed to the falling and drown ing hazard. (d) Slipping hazards. Employers shall not suffer or permit any employee to use a floor, passageway, walkway, scaffold, platform or other elevated working surface w hich is in a slippery condition. Ice, snow, w ater, grease and any other foreign substance which may cause slippery footing shall be removed, sanded or covered to provide safe footing. (e) Tripping and other hazards. (I) Passagew ays. A ll passageways shall be kept free from accumulations of dirt and debris and from any other obstructions or conditions which could cause tripping. Sharp projections which could cut or puncture any person shall be removed or covered. (2) `Working areas. The p arts of floors, platform s and similar areas where persons work or pass shall be k ep t free from accumulations of dirt and debris and from scattered tools and m aterals and from sharp projections insofar as may be consistent with the work being performed. (f) Vertical passage. Stairways, ramps or runways shall be provided as the means of access to working levels above or below ground except where the nature or the progress of the work prevents their installation in which case ladders or other safe means of access shall be provided. (g) Air contaminated or oxygen deficient w ork areas. The atmosphere of any unventilated confined area including but not lim ited to a sewer, pit, tank or chimney where dangerous air contaminants m ay be present or where there m ay not be sufficient oxygen to support life shall be tested by the employer, his authorized agent or by a designated person before any person is suffered or permitted to work in such area. Such testing shall be in accordance w ith the provisions of Industrial Code Part (rule) 12 relating to th e "Control of A ir Contaminants" and such areas shall be subject to the other pertinent provisions of Industrial Code Part (rule) 12 and of Industrial Code P a rt (rule) 18 relating to "Exhaust Systems". (h) Corrosive substances. A ll corrosive substances and chemicals shall be so stored and used as not to endanger any person. Protective equipment for the use o f such corrosive substances and chemicals shall be provided b y the employer. H istorical N ote Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 etc. June 1,1872. D ecisions 1. Applicability Held that the overhead protection re quirements of the Industrial Code (12 NTCBR 23.3(h] Tcf. 23-L7(a)J) could not be followed in the construction of a power plant without rendering performance of the construction contract impossible. The owner is required to provide a safe place to work 550 LB 11-30-75 CHAPTER I BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-1.12 23-1.11 Lumber and nail fastenings, (a ) The lumber used in the construc tion of equipment or temporary structures required by this Part (rule) shall be sound and shall not contain any defects such as ring shakes, large or loose knots o r other defects which may impair the strength of such lumber for the purpose for w hich it is to be used. (b) The lumber dimensions specified in this P art (rule) are nominal or trade size except as otherwise specifically stated with the words "full size" and except in the case of ladders. (c) A ll nails shall be driven full length and shall be of the proper size, type, length and number to provide the required strength a t all Joints. Only double headed or screw-type nails shall be used In the construction of scaffolds. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June X, 1973. 2 3-1.12 Guarding of power-driven machinery, (a) General. Power-driven machines not specifically considered in this Part (rule) shall be guarded In accor dance w ith the requirements of Industrial Code Part (Rule No.) 19 relating to "Guarding of Dangerous Machinery, Vats and Pans." (b) K eys, set screws and sim ilar projections. All keys, set screws, bolts and sim ilar projections on shafts, pulleys, gears, collars and couplings and other re volving members, where such projections are not countersunk or protected by location from accidental contact by persons, shall be guarded by smooth, cylindrical safety sleeves constructed of wood or m etal which completely surrounds each such projection, or each such projection shall be guarded by a stationary enclosure of sheet metal, wire mesh, expanded metal or other suitable material. Any openings in such enclosures shall reject a ball one-half inch in diameter. (c) Power-driven saws. (1) Every portable, power-driven, hand-operated saw w hich is not provided with a saw table, except chain saw s and circular brush saw s, shall be equipped w ith a fixed guard above the base plate which will com pletely protect the operator from contact with the saw blade when the saw is operating and with a movable self-adjusting guard below the base plate which w ill completely cover the saw blade to the depth of the teeth when such saw blade is removed from the cu t Note: Electrically-driven portable saws are also subject to the provisions of section 23-1.10 of this Part (rule). (2) Every power-driven saw, other than a portable saw, shall be equipped w ith a guard which covers the saw blade to such an extent as will prevent contact w ith the teeth. In operation, such guard shall rise automatically by pressure from the material being cut or shall be so adjusted that as the saw cuts the material, the distance from the material to the underside of the guard does not exceed one-half inch. The exposed teeth of the saw blade beneath the table shall be effectively guarded. Every such saw shall he provided with a cut-off sw itch w ithin easy reach of the operator without his leaving the operating position, Exception: Any arm saw whose upper blade half is enclosed and which is provided with a front blocking bar or rod is not required to be guarded by the automatic rising pressure guard. (3) Every table circular saw used for ripping shall be provided w ith a spreader securely fastened in position and with an effective device to prevent m aterial kickback. (d) Sprockets and gears. Sprockets and gears which are not protected by location or design from accidental contact by persons shall be completely enclosed 6SS LB 5-31-72  2 3 -1.13 T IT L E 12 LABOR or shall be provided with band guards which cover the periphery and which have side flanges which extend below the roots of the teeth. (e) B elts, pulleys and flywheels. All belts except conveyor belts and all pulleys and flywheels which are less than seven feet above the ground, floor, working plat form , runway or equivalent surface where persons work or pass and which are not protected b y location from accidental contact by persons, shall have all moving parts guarded by substantial enclosures or by safety railings constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule) which will prevent persons from approaching within a horizontal distance of 18 inches. Enclosures required by this P art (rule) m ay be temporarily removed when starting a machine or for machine adjustm ent or maintenance, but shall be replaced immediately thereafter. (f) Friction-disc drives. Friction-disc drives which are not guarded by design or location from accidental contact with any person shall be completely enclosed or shall be provided with band guards with side flanges. (g) W ire rope. The nip points between power winches or sheaves and wire ropes shall be guarded by substantial enclosures or by safety railings constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule). H istorical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972. 2 3 -1 .1 3 Electrical hazards, (a) Operations subject to the jurisdiction of the Public Service Commission. None of the provisions of this section shall apply to or in connection w ith operations conducted by employers, owners, contractors and their agen ts subject to the jurisdiction of the Public Service Commission. (b ) General. (1) Precautions. All power lines and power facilities around or near construction, demolition and excavation sites shall be considered as energized until assurance has been given that they are otherwise by qualified representatives of the owners of such power lines or power facilities. (2) Determ ination of voltages. Before work is begun a t any construction, demolition or excavation site, the employer shall determine the voltage levels of all energized power lines and power facilities around or near such site. Where tw o or more voltages are available at a job site, all electrical equipment and circuits shall be appropriately identified. Such identification shall include voltage level and phase. (S) Investigation and warning. Before work is begun the employer shall ascertain by inquiry or direct observation, or by instruments, whether any part o f an electric power circuit, exposed or concealed, is so located that the per formance of the work may bring any person, tool or machine Into physical or electrical contact therewith. The employer shall post and maintain proper warn in g sign s where such a circuit exists. He shall advise his employees of the loca tions of such lines, the hazards involved and the protective measures to be taken. (4) Protection of employees. No employer shall suffer or permit an em ployee to work in such proximity to any part of an electric power circuit that he m ay contact such circuit in the course of his work unless the employee is pro tected again st electric shock by de-energizing the circuit and grounding it or by guarding such circuit by effective insulation or other means. In work areas where the exact locations of underground electric power lines are unknown, persons using jack hammers, bars or other hand tools which may contact such power lines shall be provided with insulated protective gloves, body aprons and footwear. (5) Guarding o f switches or other circuit interrupting devices. If protection fo r em ployees consists of de-energizing circuits, employers shall cause open 554 LB 5-31-72 CH A PTER X BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-1.13 switches or other circuit interrupting dcvires to be guarded against inadvertent closing until such employees are no longer exposed. (6) Notifying u tility company. At least five normal working days before work is begun within 10 feet of any live overhead power line or before any ex cavation work is performed which might contact or disturb a live underground pow er line, the employer shall notify in writing the utility whose power line m ay be affected. (7) Generators. Portable electric power generators on any construction, demolition or excavation job site shall have the frames and one pole of the elec trical outputs grounded. (8) Defective insulation. Any wiring found to have cracked insulation or insulation deteriorated in any other way shall be immediately removed from service and discarded. Cc) Temporary electric power circuits at construction, demolition or excavation job sites. (1) Temporary electric wiring, (i) All temporary wiring shall be sup ported on proper insulators and not looped over nails or brackets. No bare wires or other unprotected current-carrying parts shall be located within eight feet above any surface where persons may work or pass unless completely guarded by a fence or other barrier. Exception: Where qualified persons must make adjustments or measurements on an electrical device or circuit. (U) Electrical systems and current-carrying equipment shall be properly grounded except as provided for blasting circuits in this Part (rule). Where it is necessary to lay electrical wiring on the ground, such wiring shall be of the weather-proof type and heavy enough to withstand the wear and abuse to which it m ay be subjected. No conductor shall be used to carry a higher vol tage than the manufacturer's rating. (ill) Elevated power lines shall have sufficient vertical Clearance where they cross highways, access roads or areas traveled by trucks, cranes, shovels or other similar equipment. In no case shall such vertical clearance be less than 18 feet. (iv) Fuses and other automatic cut-outs shall not exceed a size that will cause open circuits at points lower than the carrying capacities of the pro tected conductors or equipment or their insulation. (d) High-voltage power circuits (over S00 volts to ground) at construction, demolition and excavation sites. (1) At any construction, demolition or excava tion site where any person or equipment is required to approach nearer than 10 feet to any overhead energized high-voltage power line or power facility, such approach shall not be made unless or until the following procedure has been complied with: (i) The owner of such power line or power facility shall be notified in writing by the employer that such an approach is to be made. (ii) In not more than one normal working day following the receipt of such written notice, the owner of the high-voltage power line or power facility shall advise and make recommendations for the procedure to be followed in performing any work nearer than 10 feet to such power line or power facility. Exception: In an emergency situation involving imminent danger to the life, health or safety of any person the em ployer is not required to comply with this provision. {Hi) The employer shall follow the procedure recommended by the owner 555 LB 5-31-72  23-1.14 T E H jB 12 LABOR o f the high-voltage power Hue or power facility in performing any work within 1 feet of such power line or power facility. (2) The procedure outlined in subparagraphs (1), (ii) and (ill), above, shall be followed whenever any excavation work is to be performed ih any area where underground high-voltage power circuits are known or expected to exist (8) Any equipment used on a construction, demolition or excavation site which could approach nearer than 10 feet of an energized electric power line or power facility, located overhead or underground, shall be effectively grounded as follows: (I) Any such equipment shall be provided with a permanent (damp or other means for convenient and effective attachment to a grounding conductor, (li) The cable connecting the clamp to the ground shall be equivalent to a No. 1 AWG or larger single conductor, extraflexible, rope-stranded copper, with 600-volt covering for abrasive protection, and w ith terminal parts that insure a proper connection with hand-type screw clamps. (Hi) A n effective ground for such equipment shall be one having a meas ured resistance of 25 ohms or less, or a connection to a continuous under ground metallic water piping system. (4) Any machinery or equipment used on a construction, demolition or ex cavation site which has a hoom or similar moving extension shall be provided with a durable warning sign posted and maintained in such a location as to be clearly visible to the operator of such machinery or equipment from his operating position. Every such warning sign shall bear the following legend in black letters on a yellow background: WARNING 1 (Letters to be at least one-half inch j In height) l V S a li G a; (i St Of 1. ! gul NS 550 It is unlawful to operate this equip- "J ment closer than 10 feet of any ener- I gized high-voltage electric power [ circuit. I (Letters to he at inch in height) H istorical Note Sec. added, hied Hay SO, 1S7Z off. June 1, ISA least one-quarter 23- 1.14 Temporary combustion devices, (a) General requirements. (1 ) The use of an open salamander, coke burner or other device or receptacle of a n y kind in which charcoal, coal or any other fuel or combustible substance is burned for any purpose is prohibited in any enclosed area of any building or other structure unless sufficient ventilation is maintained in such enclosed a r e a to assure a safe atmosphere for breathing and proper combustion. (2) N o tarpaulin or canvas covering shall be located nearer than 10 f e e t from a temporary combustion device unless such covering has been treated w ith, Same retardant chemicals. Tarpaulins and canvas coverings which have been, treated w ith flame-retardant chemicals may be located not less than four f e e t from a temporary combustion device. Tarpaulins and canvas coverings shall b e securely fastened to prevent contact with any temporary combustion device. (8) Temporary combustion devices shall not be placed on an y com bustible floor, platform or any other combustible surface unless such surface Is p ro tected or insulated for a minimum distance of six feet In a horizontal direction f r o m the perimeter of the combustion device on all sides. The minimum overhead o r side clearance from the combustion device to any combustible m aterial s h a l l be four feet. 5515 I2B 5-81-72 CHAPTER I BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-1.14 Exception: The horizontal insulation protection on a scaffold platform may be limited to the width of the scaffold platform provided there are no combustible objects or materials within six feet horizontally in any direc tion from the combustion device and that the other pertinent provisions of this section are complied with. (4) Temporary combustion devices shall be provided with suitable base supports or legs to prevent tipping. (5) An approved fire extinguisher of a suitable type shall be located on the same floor or level and within 50 feet of every temporary combustion device being used. When a temporary combustion device is used on any scaffold plat form, an approved fire extinguisher of a suitable type shall be located on such platform. (6) Solid fuel heaters and oil-fired salamanders are prohibited from use in any building or other structure under construction or from use on any scaffold. (b) Temporary combustion devices using liquefied gas. (1) General, (i) After June 1, 1972 all combustion devices used for temporary heating which use liquefied gas as fuel shall be approved. (ii) Liquefied gas used as fuel in temporary combustion devices shall con tain an agent which will give such gas a distinctive and detectable odor. (iii) Areas in which temporary combustion devices fueled by liquefied gas are used shall have legible warning signs affixed to every entrance to such areas. Such signs shall be conspicuously located so as to be readily visible to persons approaching such areas. Such signs shall hear the words, "DANGER --FLAMMABLE GAS" in letters at least four inches in height on a contrast ing background. (iv) Temporary combustion devices manufactured after June 1, 1972 shall be provided with automatic cut-off devices which will shut off the fuel supply in the event of flame failure. Such cut-off devices shall be installed a t the burners. (v) A designated person shall be in attendance on the job site a t all times when liquefied gas combustion devices are operating. (2) IAquefled gas cylinders and containers, (i) Cylinders and containers of liquefied gas used as fuel for the heating of construction shanties, sanitary facilities, field offices or other temporary buildings or structures on construc tion, demolition or excavation sites shall be located outside such buildings or other structures. Exception: Temporary combustion devices specifically designed to be attached to gas cylinders or containers. (ii) The use of cylinders or containers of liquefied gas having stored capacities in excess of 1,000 pounds each is prohibited in the interior of any building or other structure. Where such capacity cylinders or containers are used, they shall be stored in central areas outside of any building or other structure. Such liquefied gas supply shall he located a distance o f a t least 25 feet from any building or other structure or from any combustible ma terial and shall be protected from the sun and high temperatures. (iii) Liquefied gas cylinders or containers not in use shall be stored or placed a t a distance of a t least 25 feet from any building or other structures or from any combustible material and shall he protected from the sun and high temperatures. Each storage location shall be provided with a t least one approved portable fire extinguisher of a suitable type. (iv) Liquefied gas cylinders or containers shall be raised or lowered onlyin suitable cradles. The use of ordinary slings for such purpose is prohibited. 567 K B 5-81-72 a o ui w: su ag in Co ar< Cn eto o f, 1. A s guiri : NYC 550 S 2 3 -1 .1 4 ra ra a s 12 IA BC N o more than two cylinders or containers shall be handled in a cradle at one time. (v) Liquefied gas cylinders or containers shall not be dropped or thrown from any height. (Ti) liquefied gas cylinders or containers, whether full, partially full or empty shall he securely fastened In place in an. upright position and pro tected from any damage. Such cylinders shall not be supported in the areas of the valves or valve protectora ExcepMtioonn-. mIn ^operraztiooantsal wpohsejrteione,uachs incytlhinedeexrtsramctuiostn obef placed liquid. (vil) The control valve of any liquefied gas cylinder shall be located at the domed end of such cylinder. When not In use, such control valve shall be protected by its ring guard. A key, wrench or hand wheel shall h e maintained on the spipdia of every liquefied gas cylinder or container at all times during use. The use of a control valve at the combustion device as a sole means of turning off the fuel supply is prohibited. (vfii) Each liquefied gas cylinder or container shall be provided with a pressure regulator or an automatic pressure reducing device. Such regulator or reducing device shall be located between the cylinder or container and the combustion device or distribution manifold. (ix) Valves, fittings, piping and other accessories connected to a liquefied gas cylinder or between a cylinder and a pressure reducing device shall be designed to withstand the maximum hydrostatic cylinder working pressure. (S) Oetttral station distribution. Where temporary combustion devices use liquefied gas supplied from a central station, the liquefied gas distribution shall be in accordance with the following: (i) Liquefied gas shall be distributed throughout the building or other structure from the cylinder or container area to the combustion devices In the gaseous state by means of flexible or rigid piping suitable for such use a t a pressure not exceeding 20 pounds per square inch gage. (li) Such flexible or rigid branch piping shall extend to a point not m o fha.71 10 feet nor less than six feet from any temporary combustion device. (till such piping shall be provided with shut-off valves a t each floor or equivalent level take-off from the riser, a t each branch take-off and a t each final take-off. (iv) The connections between the flexible or rigid piping and the tern porary combustion devices shall be by means of armored flexible hose. Sutii hose shall be provided with metal screw connectors which shall be maintain! in a tight condition. M (4) Use of individual liquefied gas cylinders or containers. Where each tem-j porary combustion device is supplied with liquefied gas from an individual cylinder or container and a central station distribution system is not used, such u se stag be in accordance with the following: (ij juacn liquefied gas cylinder or container shall bo securely fastened In an upright position and protected from any dam age. Such cylinder Shall not be supported in the area of the valve or valve protector. (il) Each liquefied gas cylinder or container shall bo located a minima: distance of six feet from any temporary combustion device. Exception: Any temporary combustion dovloe specifically de signed to be attached to a gas cylinder or container. BBS LB 5-81-72 CHAPTER I BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-1.16 (iil) Liquefied gas cylinders or containers shall be connected to temporary combustion devices by means of armored flexible hose not more than 10 feet nor less than six feet in length. Exception: Any temporary combustion device specifically de signed to be attached to a gas cylinder or container. (iv) Such armored flexible hose connections shall be made by means of metal screw connectors which shall he maintained in a tight condition. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1572 eft. June 1,1972. 23-1.15 Safety railing. Whenever required by this Part (rule), a safety railing shall consist as a minimum of an assembly constructed as follows: (a) A two inch by four inch horizontal wooden hand rail, not less than 36 inches nor more than 42 inches above the walking level, securely supported by two inch by four inch vertical posts at intervals of not more than eight fe e t (b) A one Inch by four inch horizontal midrail. (c) A one inch by four inch toeboard except when such safety railing is installed at grade or ground level or is not adjacent to any opening, pit or other area which may be occupied by any person. (d) The hand rail of every safety railing shall be smooth and free from splinters and protruding nails. (e) Other material or construction may be used for safety railings required by this Part (rule) provided such assemblies have equivalent strength and assure equivalent safety. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eft. June t, 1972. 23-1.16 Safety belts, harnesses, tail lines and lifelines, (a) Approval re quired. Safety belts, harnesses and all special devices for attachment to hanging lifelines shall be approved. (b) Attachment required. Every approved safety belt or harness provided or furnished to an employee for his personal safety shall he used by such employee in the performance of his work whenever required by this Part (rule) and when ever so directed by his employer. At all times during use such approved safety belt or harness shall be properly attached either to a securely anchored tail line, directly to a securely anchored hanging lifeline or to a tail line attached to a securely anchored hanging lifeline. Such attachments shall be so arranged that if the user should fall such fall shall not exceed five feet. (c) Instruction in use. Every employee who is provided with an approved safety belt or harness shall he instructed prior to use in the proper method of wearing, using and attaching such safety belt or harness to the lifeline. (d) Tail Tines. The length of any tail line shall he the minimum required in order for an employee to perform his work, but in no case shall be longer than four feet. Such tail line shall be attached to a hanging lifeline or to a substantial struc tural member at a point no lower than two feet above the working platform ,or working level. Tail lines shall he first grade manila or synthetic fibre rope at least one-half inch in diameter with a breaking strength of not less than 4,000 pounds or shall be fabricated of other approved materials. (e) IAfeMnes. Any hanging lifeline required by this Part (rule) shall be not more than 300 feet in length from the point of suspension to grade, building setback  23-1.17 T T U B 12 LABOR or other surface. Every hanging lifeline shall be securely attached to a sufficient anchorage. Every hanging lifeline shall be provided with padding, wrapping, chafing gear or similar means of protection from contact with building edges or other objects which may cut or abrade such lifeline, lifelin es shall be fabricated of wire rope at least five-sixteenths inch in diameter or first grade manfia or synthetic fibre rope at least one-half inch in diameter w ith a breaking strength of not less than 4,000 pounds. (f) Inspection and maintenance. (1) Every safety belt, harness, tail line and lifeline shall h e inspected b y a designated person prior to each use. Em ployers shall not suffer or permit any employee to use any such equipment which shows any indication of mildew, broken fibre or fabric, excessive wear ' " or any other damage or deterioration which could materially affect the strength of such safety belts, harnesses, tail lines or lifelines. Any such equipment found to he unsafe shall he removed from the job site. (2) When not in use, safety belts, harnesses, tail lines and lifelines shall be stored in such areas and in such a manner as to prevent their deterioration and to protect them from being damaged. H istorical Note Sec. added, filed May SO, 1972 eff. Jane 1, M70. 23- 1.17 lAfe nets, (a) Approved required. Any life net used in construc tion or demolition operations shall be approved. (b) Materials wnd construction. Approved life nets shall be made o f first grade fibre cordage, woven fabric or synthetic fibre and all such materials shall be treated to render them fire resistant; or such approved life nets shall be constructed of wire rope. An approved life net shall have a mesh not exceeding four inches. The perimeter of every life net shall be reinforced with cloth-covered wire rope, manila rope or synthetic fibre rope and shall be equipped w ith properly sized padded thimbles, sockets or equivalent approved means of attachment to supports and anchorages. (c) Sine, strength; location a n d attachm ent of life nets. Every life net or com bination of life nets shall be of sufficient size and strength to catch and hold any person for whose protection such n et or combination of nets is being used in case of a fall. Such net or combination of nets shall be located so as to completely cover the area of possible fall. Every life n et shall be attached to sufficient anchorages or supports outside of and beyond the area of possible fall and shall be supported at a height to prevent sagging which m ay cause the net to strike or touch any surface or object beneath when cushioning the fall of any person. (d) Maintenance. Every life net in u se shall be thoroughly dried before storage and shall be stored in a dry location which Is protected from the elements. E very life net shall be protected against damage from mechanical devices, acid or other cor rosive substances or from any other type of deterioration. (e) Inspection. Every life net shall be thoroughly inspected by a designated qualified person before each installation. A daily visual inspection shall be m ade by a designated person of every life net in use. Employers shall not suffer or permit any installation or use of any life n et which shows any indication of mildew, broken fibre or fabric, excessive w ear or any other damage or deterioration w hich could materially affect the strength of any portion of such life net. Any life n e t found to be unsafe shall be Immediately removed from the job site and n o t re turned for reuse unless properly repaired. H istorical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, i m CHAPTER I BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-1.18 2 3 -1 .1 8 Sidewalk sheds and barricades, (a) Sidewalk sheds. A sidewalk shed constructed in accordance w ith the provisions of this section shall be required along any sidewalk or thoroughfare where the following conditions persist: (1) Where any building or other structure exceeding 40 feet in height above and alongside of such sidewalk or thoroughfare is to be erected. (2) Where any building or other structure exceeding 25 feet in height above such sidewalk or thoroughfare is to be demolished and the distance from such sidewalk or thoroughfare to the nearest point of such building or other structure is one-half or less of the height of such building or other structure. (3) Where during construction or demolition operations, material or debris is to be transported over such sidewalk or thoroughfare, regardless of the height of the building or other structure being constructed or demolished. (b) Sidewalk shed construction. (1) The deck and supporting structure of every sidewalk shed shall be constructed to sustain a live load of at least 150 pounds per square foot without breaking, and if material is to be stored thereon such deck and supporting structure shall be constructed to sustain a live load of not less than 300 pounds per square foot without breaking. Every sidewalk shed shall be so erected as to provide a vertical clearance of not less than seven and one-half feet at any point above the walkway surface. Every sidewalk shed shall have such width as to allow the unimpeded passage of pedestrians at all times but in no case shall any sidewalk shed he less than five feet wide. (2) The outside edge and the ends of the deck of every sidewalk shed shall be provided with a substantial enclosure a t least 42 inches in height, consisting of boards not less than one inch thick laid close, or of screening formed of not less than No. 16 U.S. gage steel wire mesh with openings which will reject a one and one-half inch diameter ball, or of corrugated metal sheet of not less than No. 22 U.S. gage or of exterior grade plywood not less than one-half inch thick. (3) The deck of every sidewalk shed shall consist of planks not less than tw o inches thick full size laid tight. Unless such deck is constructed solidly against the face of the building or other structure in such manner that no mate rial, debris or other objects can fall on the sidewalk or other walkway surface, the side of the shed toward the building or other structure shall be solidly fenced with a barricade for its full height. Solid sliding or swinging gates or doors may he provided for the movement of men and materials. (4) Metal or other materials of equivalent strength and suitability may be used in lieu of wood in the construction of sidewalk sheds. (5) Sidewalk sheds shall be provided with illumination having an intensity of not less than five-foot candles measured at the walkway level to insure the safe movement of persons. (c) Barricades. (1) Along every sidewalk or pedestrian thoroughfare where a building or other structure is to be constructed or demolished and where a side walk shed is not required by this Part (rule), there shall be erected a substantial barricade to prevent unauthorized persons from entering the site of such oper ations. (2) Such barricade shall he a fence or equivalent barrier not less than six feet in height. Such barricade shall he of solid construction for its entire height and length except for such openings, provided with solid doors, as may be neces sary for the proper performance of the work. (8) Where the height of the building or other structure to be constructed or demolished is not more than 25 feet above the ground, grade or equivalent surface and where the distance from the sidewalk or pedestrian thoroughfare to the nearest point of such building or other structure is more than one half of the height of the building or other structure, a substantial safety railing constructed 081 IB Si 3 Ml : : : 5 S'.SO 3 C c u vs c* eti of a. j quii wyi 550 23-1.19 TETIffl 12 EABOR In compliance with this Part (rule) may he installed a t the inside edge of such sidewalk or pedestrian thoroughfare in lieu of such solid barricade. H istorical Note Sec. added, filed May 3ft 1972 eff. June 1,1973. 23-1.19 Catch platforms, (a) General. Catch platforms shall not he used as working platforms, walkways or for the storage of material. (h) Oatdh platform construction. Catch platforms where required by this Part (rule) shall comply with the following: (1) Every catch platform shall he at least five feet wide and so inclined that the outer edge is six indies higher than the inner edge. (2) If the supports of a catch platform consist of outriggers, such outriggers shah he at least two inches b y 10 inches in sis, se t on edge and spaced not more than eight feet apart. Such outriggers shall be placed and anchored in compliance with this Part (rule). (3) The planking used in the construction of catch platforms shall he at least two indies thick full size and shall he laid tight and nailed. Each such plank shah lap its end supports by a t least 12 inches. Other m aterials of equivalent strength may be used in lieu of such planking. (c) Catch platform enclosures. Except as otherwise permitted hy this Part (rule), the open sides of catch platforms shall he provided with a barricade or fence of tight planking a t least two inches thick, exterior grade plywood at least threequarters inch thick or of No. 18 U.S. gage wire screen mesh with openings that will reject a ball one-half inch in diameter. Every such enclosure shall be at least 48 inches in height above the platform with no opening between the bottom of the endosure and the platform. Supports for a wood enclosure shall be at least two inches by six inches in cross-section and shall he spaced not more than 10 feet apart, center to center. (d) Catch platform installation. Every catch platform shall be so installed that the inner edge of such catch platform is flush with the wall of the building or other structure on whidh it is installed. H istorical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1,1972. 23-1.20 Chutes, (a) Chute enclosures. Wooden or metal chutes used for the removal of material and debris from elevated levels of a building or other structure and which are at an angle of more than 45 degrees from the horizontal shall be entirety enclosed on all sides and the top, except for openings used for the receiving and discharging of material and debris. Such necessary openings shall not exceed 48 inches in height, measured along the wall of the chute, and all openings shall he covered when not in use. Chutes which are at an angle of 45 degrees or less from the horizontal may be open on the upper side. (b) Chute construction. E v e ry chute more than 24 inches in maximum iraidt dimension shall he constructed o f planking at least two inches thick full size, exterior grade plywood a t least three-quarters inch thick or sheet metal at least three-sixteenths inch thick. E very chute shall have a metal bottom where the material or debris strikes the chute and every chute shall be rigidly supported throughout its height A substantial gate shall he constructed and installed at the lower end of every loading chute to control the loading of material or debris into) trucks and to cover the chute opening at all other times. Splash boards or baffles shall be Installed on every chute to prevent materials br debris from rebounding 562 I1B 5-31-72 CHAPTER I BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-1.21 onto the street, sidewalk shed or any other area adjacent to the discharge end of the chute. (c) Protection a t chute openings. A bumper or curb not less than four inches by four inches in section shall be provided a t each chute opening where such opening is level with or below the level of the floor or platform. Every space between the chute and the edge of the opening in a floor or platform shall be solidly planked. (d) Danger signs. A sign reading, "DANGER", shall be placed in a conspicu ous location at the discharge end of every chute to warn persons employed in or lawfully frequenting the area of the chute of the potential overhead danger. Letter ing on such signs shall be not less than six inches in height with letter strokes not less than three-quarters inch in width and shall be of such color as will contrast with the background. Historical Note See. added, filed May 30, 1972 eft. June 1,1972. 23-1.21 Ladders and ladderways. (a) Approval required. Any metal or fiberglass ladder which is 10 feet or more in length shall be approved. Any other ladder not named or described in this Part (rule) shall not be used unless approved. (b) General requirements for ladders. (1) Strength. Every ladder shall be capable of sustaining without breakage, dislodgment or loosening of any com ponent at least four times the maximum load intended to be placed thereon. (2) Opaque protective coatings prohibited. The use of an opaque protective coating on any ladder is prohibited. (3) Maintenance and replacement. All ladders shall be maintained in good condition. A ladder shall not be used if any of the following conditions exist: (i) If it has a broken member or part (ii) If it has any insecure joints between members or parts. (iii) If it has any wooden rung or step that is worn down to three-quarters or less of its original thickness. (iv) If it has any flaw or defect of material that may cause ladder failure. (4) Installation and use. (i) Any portable ladder used a s a regular means of access between floors or other levels in any building or other structure shall be nailed or otherwise securely fastened in place. Such a ladder shall extend at least 36 inches above the upper floor, level or landing or handholds j shall be provided at such upper levels to afford safe means of access to or * egress from the ladder. Such a ladder shall be inclined a maximum of three inches for each foot of rise. (ii) All ladder footings shall be firm. Slippery surfaces and insecure objects such as bricks and boxes shall not be used as ladder footings. j (Hi) A leaning ladder shall be rigid enough to prevent excessive sag under expected maximum loading conditions. (iv) When work is being performed from ladder rungs between six and 10 feet above the ladder footing, a leaning ladder shall.be held in place by a person stationed a t the foot of such ladder unless the upper end of such ladder is secured against side slip by its position or by mechanical means. When work is being performed from rungs higher than 10 feet above the ladder footing, mechanical means for securing the upper end of such ladder against side slip are required and the lower end of such ladder shall be held in place by a person unless such lower end is tied to a secure anchorage or safety feet are used. f f l ) The upper end of any ladder which is leaning against a slippery sur- : 6R8 UB 5-S1-72 | ii l!  23-1.21 T IT L E 12 IABOR face shall be mechanically secured against side slip while work is being performed from such ladder. (5) Wooden ladder rungs. (1) Round ladder rungs shall be not leas than one and one-eighth inches in diameter and oval rungs shall be of equal strength. The tenons of rungs shall be not less than seven-eighths inch in diameter. All tenons shall fit tightly into holes which shall either extend through the side rails or be bored so as to give at least thirteen-sixteenths inch of bearing to the tenons. In through-bore construction, the tenons shall be flush with the outside rail surface of the ladder. All tenon holes shall be located on the center lines of the wide faces of the side rails. The shoulders of each rung shall fit firmly against the side rails and the tenons secured in place with nails or the equivalent to prevent the tenons from turning. (il) Rung spacing shall be uniform and shall be not less than 12 Inches nor more than 14 inches, center to center. (6) Ladder splicing. Ladders shall not be spliced to increase their length except that extension pieces may be spliced to the upper ends of ladders for use as handholds. Such extension pieces shall not bear against the ladder supporting object or structure. (7) Limited use of metal ladders. Metal ladders shall not be used or placed in any location where they may come into contact with any energized electric power line, power facility or any exposed electrical parts of apparatus or equip ment. (8) Spreaders. All ladders with spreading bases, such as step and trestle ladders, shall be equipped with locking type spreaders to hold such bases rigid when in the open position. (9) Placement of ladders in door openings. Ladders shall not be placed in door openings unless the doors are securely fastened open, closed and locked or otherwise effectively guarded against swinging. (10) Prohibited types of ladders. The use of single pole (scaling) ladders or rail type ladders where the rungs or cleats are attached across the pole or rail is prohibited. (c) Single ladders. (1) Length. Rung or cleat type ladders consisting of a single section shall not exceed 30 feet in length. (2) Cleat type ladders, (i) Materials. Wood used in the construction of cleat type ladders shall be thoroughly seasoned, free from sharp edges and splinters and shall be sound. The slope of the grain of side rails and cleats shall he no greater than one in 15. Wood containing knots which intersect the narrow faces of cleats and side rails shall not be used. Wood containing knots which intersect the wide faces of cleats may he used provided such knots are less than one-quarter inch in diameter. Wood containing knots which intersect the wide faces of side rails may be used providing such knots are less than one-half inch In diameter, are located at least one-half inch back from the edges of the rails and are not more frequent than one knot in every three feet of raii length. (il) Construction, (a) Cleats. The minimum size of cleats shall be three-quarter inch by three inches for cleat lengths up to and including 20 inches and three-quarter inch by three and three-quarter inches for cleat lengths up to and including 30 inches. Cleats shall not exceed 30 inches in length and the maximum vertical spacing between cleats measured along the side rails shall not be less than 12 inches nor greater than 14 inches, center to center. Cleats shall be set into the side rails one-half inch with a snug fit or they shall be braced by filler blocks between the cleats, (b) Side rails. The minimum size of side rails shall be one and five- 564 LB 5-31-72 I p * i* '* ' 9 CH A PTER I BOARD O F STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-1.22 eighths inches by three and five-eighths inches for ladders up to and includ ing 19 feet in length and one and five-eighths inches by five and five-eighths inches for ladders greater than 19 feet in length, id) Extension ladders and sectional ladders. (1) Length. Extension ladders shall consist of not more than three sections and shall not exceed 60 feet in length when fully extended. The maximum working length from an extension ladder shall be the length of the ladder minus the minimum overlap. Minimum overlaps shall be as follows: Length of Ladder in Feet Minimum Overlap in Feet Up to and including 36 3 Over 36 up to and including 48 4 Over 48 up to and including 60 5 (2) A djustm ent guides. The adjustment guides of extension ladders shall be so attached to the rails as to prevent the upper sections from tipping or falling out while in use or during adjustment. Each upper section of any extension ladder when extended shall be locked in place by two automatic positive acting locks. (e) Btepladders. (1) Length. Stepladders with side rails exceeding 20 feet in length shall not be used. (2) Bracing. Such bracing as may be necessary for rigidity shall be pro vided for every stepladder. When in use every stepladder shall be opened to its full position and the spreader shall be locked. (3) Stepladder footing. Standing stepladders shall be used only on firm, level footings. When work is being performed from a step of a stepladder 10 feet or more above the footing, such stepladder shall be steadied by a person stationed a t the foot of the stepladder or such stepladder shall be secured against sway by mechanical means. (4) Prohibited use. Stepladders shall not be used as supports for scaffold planking. (5) Stepladder construction, (i) Width. The minimum clear width be tween side rails at the top step of a stepladder shall be 12 inches and such width shall increase a minimum of one inch per foot of length between the top and bottom of the rails. (ii) Tread depth. The depth of the steps or treads of any stepladder shall be' not less than three inches. (HI) P ail shelf. A pail shelf, if provided on a stepladder, shall be designed to fold completely within the ladder. (iv) M etal ladder steps. Metal ladder steps of any stepladder shall be corrugated, knurled, dimpled, coated with skid-resistant materials or otherwise constructed or treated to minimize Blipping. (f) Ladderways. After June 1, 1972, any Iadderway exceeding 70 feet in height shall be equipped with rest platforms spaced at intervals not exceeding 35 feet. Where ladders are used in series and where a danger of falling material or debris exists, such ladders shall be staggered, offset or so located as to provide protection from such danger. Historical Note S ec. a d d e d , filed M a y 30, 1372 efT. J u n e 1, 1972. Decisions 1. Buie cited Ctaytor v. Wilmont A Cassidy, 44 AD 2d 564 Buie (12 NYCRR 23-1.21[b]f41) cited in (1974). 23-1.22 Structural runways, ramps and platforms, (a) Application. This section does not apply to ramps constructed of earth, gravel, stone or similar em bankment material. 565 LB 11-80-75  23-1.23 TITLE 12 LABOR (bl Runways and ram ps. (1) All runways and ramps shall he substantially constructed and securely braced and supported. Runways and ramps constructed for use by motor trucks or heavier vehicles shall be not less than 12 feet wide for single lane trathe or 24 feet wide for two lane traffic. Such runways and ramps shall be provided with timber curbs not less than 10 Inches b y 10 inches, full size timber, placed parallel to, and secured to the sides of such runways and ramps. The flooring of such runways and ramps shall be positively secured against movement and constructed of planking at least three inches thick full size or metal of equivalent strength. (2) Runways and ramps constructed for the use of persons only shall be at least 18 inches in width and shall be constructed of planking a t lea st tw o inches thick full size or m etal of equivalent strength. Such surface shall be substantially supported and braced to prevent excessive spring or deflection. W here planking is used it shall be laid close, butt jointed and securely nailed. (3) Runways and ramps constructed for the use of wheelbarrows, power buggies, hand carts or hand trucks shall be a t least 48 inches in width. Such runways and ramps shall be constructed of planking a t least tw o inches thick full size or metal o f equivalent strength. Such runways and ram ps shall be sub stantially supported and braced to prevent excessive spring or deflection. Where planking is used on such runways and ramps, it shall be laid close, butt jointed and securely nailed. Such runways and ramps shall be provided with' timber curbs at least two inches by eight inches full size, set on edge and placed parallel to, and secured to, the sides of such runways and ramps. Bracing fo r such run ways and ramps shall be installed at a maximum of four foot intervals. (4) Any runway or ramp constructed for the use of persons only which is located at, or extends to, a height of more than four feet above the ground, grade, floor or equivalent surface shall be provided with a safety railing constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule) on every open side. (c) Platforms. (1) Any platform used as a working area or used for the unloading of wheelbarrows, power buggies, hand carts or hand trucks shall be provided with a floor of planking at least two inches thick fu ll size, exterior grade plywood at least three-quarters inch thick or metal of equivalent strength. Platforms used for motor trucks or heavier vehicles shall be provided w ith floors of planking a t least three inches thick full size or metal of equivalent strength. (2) Every platform more than seven feet above the ground, grade, floor or equivalent surface shall be provided with a safety railing constructed and in stalled in compliance with this Part (rule) on all sides except th ose used for loading and unloading. Such sides when used for the loading or unloading of motor trucks or heavier vehicles shall be protected by timber curbs a t least 10 inches by 10 inches full size and when used for the loading or unloading of wheel barrows, power buggies, hand carts or hand trucks such sides shall be protected by timber curbs at least two inches by eight inches full size se t on edge and secured to platform. Exception: The following platforms are exempt from the safety railing or curb requirements: platforms of needle beam scaffolds; floats and rivet heater platforms used by structural ironworkers: ladder jack scaffold platforms; and trestle and extension trestle ladder scaffold platforms. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 3D, 1972 eft. June 1, 1972. 23-1.23 Earth romps and runways, (a) Construction. E arth ramps and runways shall be constructed of suitable soil, gravel, stone or sim ilar embankment material. Such material shall be placed in layers not exceeding three fe e t in depth 566 LB 11-30-75 I v > > # tU ' -J * > * CHAPTER I BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-1.24 int! encb such layer shall be property compacted except where an earth ramp or 'unwa.v consists of undisturbed material. Earth ramp and runway surfaces shall be maintained free from potholes, soft spots or excessive uneveness. (b) Slope- Earth ramps and runways shall have maximum slopes of one in four (equivalent to 25 percent maximum grades). ic) Earth ram ps and runways used by motor trucks. Earth ramps and runways constructed for use by motor trucks or heavier vehicles shall be at least 12 feet in width if used only for single lane traffic or shall be at least 24 feet in width if used for two lane traffic. Such ramps and runways shall be provided with timber curbing at least 10 inches by 10 inches full size securely pinned to the ramps or runways by steel rods, with beams at least two and one-half feet in height or with equivalent barriers along the sides. (dl Earth ram ps and runways used by persons. Earth ramps and runways used, by persons with or without wheelbarrows, power buggies, hand carts or hand trucks shall be at least 48 inches in width. Such ramps and runways more than four feet above the adjacent ground, grade or equivalent level shall be provided with safety railings constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule). The total rise of any continuous ramp or runway used by persons with or without wheelbarrows, power buggies, hand carts or hand trucks shall not exceed 12 feet unless such rise is broken by a horizontal section at least four feet in length every 50 feet. Historical Note S ec. a d d e d , filed M a y 30, 1372 eff. J u n e 1, 1972. 23- 1.24 Work on roofs, (a) General requirements. (1) Roofing brackets. (i) Required, use. Roofing brackets shall be used whenever work is to be performed on any roof having a slope steeper than one in four inches unless crawling boards or approved safety belts are used in compliance w ith this Part (rule). (ii) Roofing b ra cket construction. Roofing brackets shall be constructed and installed to fit the pitch of the roof and when in use shall provide a level working platform. (iii) Roofing bracket installation. Roofing brackets shall be secured in place by nailing, by securely driving into the roof the pointed metal projec tions which are attached to the undersides of roofing brackets or by means of first grade manila rope or synthetic fibre rope at least three-quarters inch in diameter which is passed over the ridge poles and tied. (2) Crawling boards, (i) Crawling board construction. Crawling boards shall be at least 10 inches in width and one inch in thickness. Each crawling board shall be provided with cleats which are at least one and one-half inches in width by one inch in thickness. Such cleats shall be spaced at equal in tervals across the full width of the board and shall be firmly nailed. Cleat nails shall be driven through and clinched or shall be of the screw type. Crawling boards shall extend from the ridge poles to the eaves when used in connection with roof construction, repair or maintenance. (ii) Crawling board installation. Crawling boards shall be secured to a roof by ridge hooks or equally effective means. (iii) Crawling board lifeline. A lifeline in compliance with this Part (rule) shall be strung beside each crawling board. (b) H igh and steep roofs. Where any work is being performed in the construc tion, repair or maintenance o f any roof without a parapet at least two and one-half feet in height and such roof is more than 20 feet in height measured from the ground or grade level to the exterior edge of the eaves and the slope of such roof is 667 I5B 5-81-72 v !  23' 23-1.24 TTELiH 12 UABOR (b co: fo: foj ra fa ra: ag Sl2 le th) su; Is bu nu ful StE Pl am cui to, wa loc flCM Ins (cj nn prt gri P I Of eqi sta loa mo Inc bai by sec 23 runwa mater. 566 1 greater than one In four, a ground-supported scaffold in compliance with this Part (rule) shall be provided. Such scaffold shall be installed beneath the work area with the scaffold platform not more than two feet below the exterior edges of the eaves o f the roof. Such scaffold shall be of sufficient width to extend outward at least two feet from the exterior ro o f edge and the scaffold platform shall be provided with a safety railing constructed and installed in compliance with th is Part (rule). In addition, persons performing such work shall be protected against sliding by means of roofing brackets or crawling boards installed and used in compliance with this Part (rule). Such roofing brackets or crawling boards are not required in cases where every employee engaged In work on such roof is provided with and used an approved safety belt or harness securely attached to a lifeline in cow- pliauce with this Part (rule). (c) Protection of persons using roofing machines. Where persons are using roofing machines on any roof which does not have a parapet a t least three feet in height installed around the perimeter of such roof, protection from falling shall lie provided for such persons as follows: (1) I f the work area extends to any edge of the roof, such edge shall be pro- vided w ith a safety railing constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rale) or a ground-supported scaffold in compliance with this Part (rule) shall he provided. Such scaffold shall be installed the length o f the work area With the scaffold platform level with the roof edge elevation. Such scaffold shall be of sufficient width to extend outward from the roof a t least two feet Hie scaffold platform shall he provided with a safety railing constructed and in stalled in compliance with th is Part (rule) and the space between the scaffold platform and the roof shall n ot be more than six inches. (2) IS such work does not extend to any roof edge, portable stanchions located five feet in from the roof edge and connected by ropes or chains shall be provided. Such stanchions shall be spaced so that the connecting ropes or chains shall not be less than 36 nor more than 48 inches above the roof surfaces, (d) Hof roofing material transporters, also known a s hot luggers. Closed con tainers or devices used for transporting molten roofing m aterials from fin stations to the application areas on roofs shall be equipped w ith a t least the following safety features in order to minimize hazards to persons caused by blowbacks of the molten roofing materials: (1) Hoisting transporters. On or before January 1, 1973, every existing transporter shall be equipped with the following devices: (i) The fill pipe cover shall be provided with a safety latch designed and installed to keep the cover in place at all times except during filling operations. (il) On top of every such transporter remote from the fill pipe there shall be installed an automatic venting device designed to release any accumulation of gas pressure. Such venting device shall he Inspected daily to assure proper operation. (2) New transporters. Every transporter manufactured after January 1, 1973 shall be equipped with the following sa fe ty devices: (i) The fill pipe cover shall be provided with a safety latch designed and Installed to keep the cover in place a t all times except during filling operations. (ii) Every such transporter shall be automatically vented or so con structed as to prevent the accumulation of gas. Every such transporter1shall be inspected daily to assure proper operation. (Hi) Manufacturers of hot roofing material transporters shall furnish written operating and safety instructions with every transporter. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eft, June 1, 1972. 568 I B 5-31-72 CHAPTER X BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-1.25 23-1.25 Welding'and flame catting: operations, (a) Compressed gas cylinders. (1) Cylinder storage. Compressed gas cylinders not in use shall be stored in an upright position remote from open flames, radiators and other sources of heat, buildings or other structures and from any combustible material and shall be protected from the sun and high temperatures or fire-resistant shields shall be provided. Such cylinders shall be so arranged or placed that they w ill not be knocked over or damaged by passing or falling objects, equipment or materials. Qylinders containing oxygen shall not be stored near cylinders containing com bustible gas, combustible material, oil or grease or in other areas where a spon taneous combustion hazard exists. Cylinder valves shall be closed a t all times when not in use. (2) Control valves and regulators, (i) The control valve of any compressed gas cylinder shall be located at the domed end of such cylinder and when not in use such control valve Shall be protected by a suitable cap or ring guard. A key or wrench shall be maintained on the spindle of every compressed gas cylinder a t all tim es during use. (ii) Each compressed gas cylinder in use shall be provided with a pressure regulator or an automatic pressure reducing device. (3) Use. (i) Compressed gas cylinders shall be raised or lowered only in suitable cradles. The use of ordinary slings for such purpose is prohibited. (ii) height Compressed gas cylinders shall not be dropped or thrown from any (ill) Compressed gas cylinders shall be placed in an upright position when in use. (iv) During use each compressed gas cylinder shall be securely fastened to a stationary object unless other suitable provision has been made to keep it from falling over. (v) During use a compressed gas cylinder shall be located at least six feet from any combustible material or from any heating device. (vi) Empty compressed gas cylinders shall be immediately removed from working areas and stored in designated safe locations. The valves o f such cylinders shall be closed and tags or signs indicating that such cylinders are empty shall be attached thereto. The use of compressed gas cylinders as rollers, props or supports is prohibited. (b) Bose and hose connections. (X) All hose shall be first quality and of a type manufactured for use on construction or demolition job sites. Hose used for oxygen cylinder connections shall have fittings of a different design that hose used for compressed gas connections. Hose connections shall he of either the ferrule or clamp type. Hose shall be capable of withstanding, without leakage, a pressure equal to a t least twice the maximum delivery pressure of the pressure regulators provided for the system but not less than 300 pounds per square inch gage. (2) Hose shall be protected from damage by trucks or other moving con struction or demolition equipment Hose shall be so placed when in use as not to constitute a falling or tripping hazard. All hose shall be carefully examined at frequent intervals for leaks or for signs of excessive wear, damage from abrasion or any other deterioration. Defective hose or hose connections shall be imme diately repaired or removed from the job site. .(c) Torches. (1) Torches shall be lighted only by means of friction lighters or self-contained electric spark igniters. (2) When torches are changed or when welding is halted for more than five minutes, all cylinder valves shall be closed. 589. KB 5-31-72  23-1.26 TITLE 12 LA BO R 13) Momentary stoppages may be controlled at the torch valves. I d > PrnUrtion n/ persons. All persons engaged In welding or flame-cutting oper ations shall be provided where necessary with proper scaffolds installed and used in compitante with this Part (rule). Such persons shall be provided with approved eye protection suitable for the work involved and appropriate protective apparel. When arc welding is performed near other persons, such other persons shall be protected from the arc rays by opaque screens or by approved eye protection. ! r' * I (el Fire protection. (1) Oily and greasy substances shall be kept aw ay from the areas where cylinders, hose and torches are being used. Cylinder valves and connections shall not be lubricated. (2) Where there is a hazard to other persons from flying particles of metal there shall be provided suitable incombustible screening installed between the welding or flame-cutting operations and such other persons. (3) Whenever welding or flame-cutting operations are performed in the vicinity of any combustible material there shall be provided, within easy reach of the persone performing such work, at least one approved fire extinguisher or fire pail filled with an appropriate fire extinguishing agent. * ? (f) Explosion hazard. Before any welding or flame cutting is done on any tank or container that contained any materials which may generate a flammable vapor upon the application of heat, all piping connected to such tank or container shall be disconnected or blanked off. Any residual flammable material shall be removed and the tank or container shall be completely purged with a suitable purging agent. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eft. June 1, 1972. 23-1.26 Lead fumes and dust from structural steel, (a) General. A ll hot riveting, welding, flame cleaning and flame cutting of structural steel or other metal which has been coated with any compound containing lead or with any other sub stance which may create toxic fumes when heated shall be performed in the follow ing manner. T' t (b) Hot riveting or welding. Where such hot riveting or welding is to be per formed in confined spaces, the contact surfaces, exterior surfaces and the rivet holes of field joints to be hot riveted shall be free from any compound containing lead or from any other substance which may create toxic fumes when heated. (c) Cleaning coated surfaces. (1) Removal of paint from rivet holes shall be performed by means of reaming or other suitable method. (2) All surfaces adjoining rivet holes and surfaces subject to heat from weld ing shall be so cleaned as to prevent the creation of toxic and noxious fumes during riveting or welding. (3) Where cleaning is performed with a torch, the person performing such cleaning shall be provided with an approved respirator. Where cleaning is per formed by mechanical means, such as in scraping or grinding, the person per forming such work shall be provided with an approved respirator. id) Flame-cleaning or flame-cutting operations. Unless suitable local exhaust ventilation is provided, all persons performing flame-cleaning or flame-cutting oper ations on metals that have been coated with any compound containing lead or any other substance which may create toxic fumes when heated, and all persons located within a radius of 15 feet of such operations, shall be provided with approved respirators. Historical Not fee* added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June fi r- ft' % 570 LB 5-31-72 r CH A PTER I BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-1.30 23-1.27 Mechanical, hydraulic and ,,malic jack, fa) Cnpacily marking. T h e rated capacity of every jack in pounds nr tons shall be legibly marked in a conspicuous location on the jack by casting, stamping, etchimr or other suitable permanent means. Such marking shall not affect the structural integrity of any jack. (b) Overtravel. Every jack shall be provided with a positive stop to prevent overtravel. (c) Lubrication. Every jack shall be maintained properly lubricated. (d) Loads. When an object or structure has been raised to a desired height by m ea n s of a jack, such object or structure shall be immediately blocked or cribbed. (e) Use. The use of any jack shall be at all times under the direct supervision o f a designated person. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 39, 1972 eT. June 1, 1972. 23-1.28 Hand-propelled vehicles, (a) Maintenance. Hand-propelled vehicles s h a ll be maintained in good repair. Hand-propelled vehicles having damaged handles o r any loose parts shall not be used. (b) Wheels and handles. Wheels of hand-propelled vehicles shall be maintained free-running and well secured to the frames of the vehicles. Buggy handles shall not e x ten d beyond the wheels on either side. (c) B uggy counterbalance. Loose weights shall not be hung on buggy handles a s counter-balances. When counter balance weights are used, they shall be fastened secu rely to the buggy handles. (d) Curbing. Curbing at least six inches in height shall be provided along edges o v e r which material or debris is dumped from a hand-propelled vehicle to a lower level. (e) Storage. When not in use, hand-propelled vehicles shall be stored in loca t io n s away from passageways and work areas. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eft. June X, 1972. 23-1.29 Public vehicular traffic, (a) Whenever any construction, demolitloi o r excavation work is being performed over, on or in close proximity to a street r o a d , highway or any other location where public vehicular traffic may be hazardous t o the persons performing such work, such work area shall be so fenced or barri c a d e d as to direct such public vehicular traffic away from such area, or such traffic s h a l l be controlled by designated persons. (b) Every designated person authorized to control public vehicular traffic shall b e provided with a flag or paddle measuring not less than IS inches in length and w id th . Such flag or paddle shall be colored fluorescent red or orange and shall be m ou nted on a suitable hand staff. Such designated person shall be stationed at a p r o p er and reasonable distance from the work area and shall face approaching tra ffic. Such person shall be instructed to stop traffic, whenever necessary, by ex te n d in g the traffic flag or paddle horizontally while facing the traffic. When traffic i s to resume, such designated person shall lower the flag or paddle and signal with h i s free hand. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30. 1972 eft. June 1.1972. 23-1.30 Illumination. Illumination sufficient for safe working conditions shall b e provided wherever persons are required to work or pass in construction, demo- 571 LB 1-31-75  23-1.31 T IT L E 12 LA BO R litlon and excavation operations, but in no case shall such illumination be less than 10 foot candles in any area where persons are required to work nor less than five foot candles in any passageway, stairway, landing or similar area where persons are required to pass. Historical Note Sec. added, hied May SC, 1872 ell. June 1,1972. 23-1.31 Approval of materials and devices. Application may be made to the board for the approval of any device, apparatus, material, equipment or method which may be used in compliance with the intent of this Part (rule) and approval by the board shall be deemed to authorize such use. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eft. June 1, 1972. 23-1.32 Imminent danger--notice, warning and avoidance. Where noncompli ance with a provision of this Part (rule) causes or tends to cause imminent danger to a person employed in construction, demolition or excavation work and written notice thereof is given by the commissioner to the appropriate employer, owner, contractor or his agent, such person shall either (a) a t once effect compliance suf ficiently to end the danger, or (b) unless the commissioner does such posting or tagging on his behalf, forthwith post the dangerous area or tag the dangerous device or material with suitable posters or signs warning of the danger and forbidding unauthorized entry into the area or unauthorized use of the device or material, and shall maintain such posters or signs until the danger has been ended. While such noncompliance exists no employer shall suffer or permit any person employed by him to enter or be within an area or to use a device or material as to which he has received such a notice of imminent danger, or which is so posted or tagged, except to effect compliance with this Part (rule). No unauthorized person shall remove such poster or sign. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eft. June 1 1972. 23-1.33 Protection of persons passing by construction, demolition or excava tion operations. [Additional statutory authority: Labor Law, 200, 241, 241-a, 242] Note: Pursuant to section 241(8) otf the L/afootr Ijaw, this section does not apply to any city in the State of New York having a population of one million or more persons. (a) Protection required. (1) Reasonable and adequate protection and safety shall be provided for all persons passing by areas, buildings or other structures in which construction, demolition or excavation work is being performed. In addi tion, such protection and safety shall also be provided for persons passing by un attended excavations, such as sump holes, trenches, shafts, wells, pits and similar excavations. Such protection and safety shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of this Part (rule). (2) Every area, building or other structure where construction, demolition or excavation work is being performed shall be so constructed, shored, equipped, guarded, arranged, operated and conducted as not to endanger any person pass ing by on any sidewalk, street, highway or other public or private thoroughfare. (3) The means, methods, procedures, devices or structures used to provide such protection and safety shall include but not be limited to railings, fences, barricades, sheeting and shoring, sidewalk sheds, temporary walkways and tem porary roadways. Such means, methods, procedures, devices or structures shall 672 LB 1-31-76 CHAPTER r BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-1.33 be selected to provide the required protection and safety in accordance with the particular hazard or hazards involved. (b) Pedestrian protection. (1) Existing thoroughfares, (i) Where pedestri ans use an existing public sidewalk or other public thoroughfare which is ad jacent to an area, building or other structure where construction, demolition or excavation work is being performed, the side of such existing thoroughfare which is next to or faces toward the work shall be protected or guarded. Such protection shall be at least 36 inches in height above the walking surface and shall be substantially constructed, installed and maintained in accordance with the provisions of this Part (rule). (ii) Where any such existing thoroughfare is endangered by falling ob jects or materials, a sidewalk shed or other overhead protection shall be in stalled and maintained in accordance with the provisions of this Part (rule). (iii) Where any such existing thoroughfare is endangered from both sides, protection or guarding shall be provided for both sides. (iv) Where a vehicle crossing interrupts any such thoroughfare, clearly legible signs shall be posted in conspicuous locations warning pedestrians of such crossing. In addition, any vehicle intending to cross such thoroughfare shall come to a complete stop and shall not proceed until: () pedestrians using such thoroughfare have been warned by either a flagman or other designated person, a pedestrian light control or by an au dible signal; and () the driver of the vehicle is assured that no pedestrian is in his path. (2) Temporary walkways, (i) Where an existing sidewalk or other public thoroughfare is interrupted by the work being performed, a temporary walk w ay at least four feet in width shall be constructed and maintained in accord ance with the provisions of this paragraph. (ii) Such temporary walkways shall be protected on both sides for their entire length or on one open side if the other side is against a wall or building. I f endangered by falling objects or materials, every such walkway shall be provided with overhead protection in accordance with the provisions of this Part (rule). (iii) The walking surface of every such temporary walkway shall be com pacted, free from tripping hazards and so constructed as to permit adequate drainage. If planking is used on the surface of any such walkway, it shall be of uniform thickness, shall be laid parallel to the length of the walkway and shall be fastened together to prevent displacement. (iv) Any temporary walkway located in a street, highway or other public thoroughfare used by vehicles shall be provided with adequate signs, reflec tors, flashing lights or other warning devices which will provide sufficient warning to vehicle operators. (3) Elevated temporary walkways, (i) Every temporary walkway elevated to a height of more than four feet above the ground or equivalent surface and which is more than 10 feet in length shall be designed by a professional engi neer or registered architect licensed to practice in the State of New York and shall be installed in accordance with such design. (ii) Every elevated temporary walkway shall be designed and installed to carry a minimum live load of 125 pounds per square foot of surface. (iii) The surface of every elevated temporary walkway shall be smooth, Arm, free from tripping hazards and so constructed as to permit adequate drainage. If planking is used on the surface of any such walkway, it shall be 572.1 L B 1-31-75  23-1.33 TITLE 12 LABOR of uniform thickness, shall be laid parallel to the length of the walkway and fihnii he fastened together to prevent displacement. (iv) Both sides of every elevated temporary walkw ay shall be provided w ith safety railings or equivalent protection in accordance w ith the provisions of this Part (rule). Where one side of any such walkway is against a wall or building, only the open side shall be required to be so protected. (v) Every stairway leading to or from an elevated temporary walkway shall be substantially constructed and rigidly braced. The treads shall be con structed of wood planks not less than tw o inches by 10 inches nominal size while the risers shall be not more than eigh t inches in h eig h t Every such stairway shall be at least four feet in width and, if more than five feet in width, provided with an intermediate or center stringer. Both sides of every such stairway having more than four risers shall be provided with smooth handrails which are free from splinters and which shall be located at least 30 inches but less than 40 inches in height above the nose of any tread. (vi) Where ramps are used in lieu of stairways in connection with eleva ted temporary walkways, such ramps shall be constructed, installed and main tained in accordance with the provisions of this Part (rule). (e) Vehicular protection. (1) 'Whenever any construction, demolition or ex cavation operation is to be performed adjacent to, over or in a street, highway or other public or private thoroughfare where vehicular traffic is passing, such work area shall be barricaded or otherwise guarded to protect such traffic. (2) The closing of streets, roads, highways or other public thoroughfare where vehicular traffic is passing shall be in accordance with and the approval of the local authorities having jurisdiction. (3) Where flagmen are used to control public vehicular traffic at any such work site, such control shall be in accordance w ith the provisions of this Part (rule). (4) Where a temporary roadway is designated or constructed, adequate warning signs, flashing lights, flagmen or other means shall be provided to indi cate clearly the paths of vehicular travel, (5) I f a temporary roadway is designed for two-way traffic, traffic lanes shall be clearly indicated by barriers, painted markings or other equivalent means. (6) Where any temporary roadway is adjacent to an excavation, the side of the roadway so adjacent shall be guarded by timber curbs not less than 10 inches by 10 inches in size, full size timber, which are substantially anchored or guarded by barriers of equivalent strength. (7) Where any temporary roadway is constructed of an earthen embank ment and such roadway is intended for use for a period of more than five working days, the surface shall be constructed of suitable gravel, stone or similar mater ia l Such material shall be adequately tamped and the surface shall be free from potholes, soft spots and excessive bumps. (8) Any structural temporary roadway elevated to a height of four feet or 'more above the ground or equivalent surface and which is 10 feet or more in length shall be designed by a professional engineer or registered architect li censed to practice in the State of N ew York and shall be constructed in accord ance w ith such design. (d) Maintenance. (1) Existing and temporary walkways shall be maintained free from obstructions, tripping hazards, snow, sleet, ice and accumulations of water, dirt or dust and of any other material or objects. (2) Temporary roadways shall be maintained free from ice, snow and exces- B 1-81-75 il # f 4 CHAPTER I BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-1.34 sive accumulations of dust and water. The surfaces of such roadways shall be maintained Arm, reasonably even and free from bumps and potholes. Exception: Such maintenance shall not be required, for any tem porary roadway which is pant of a street, highway or other public thoroughfare. (e) ITlumination. (1) Temporary walkways and the surfaces beneath side walk sheds shall be provided with illumination of a t least five foot candles. Note: Where normal street lighting provides adequate IHutnimtdon, additional sources of illumination are not required, (2) Temporary roadways shall be provided with sufficient illumination or re- fiectorized delineators so as to clearly indicate the side barriers or guardrails and the path or paths of travel. (f) Protection from associated hazards. (1) Where welding or cutting opera tions are being performed adjacent to any public thoroughfare, such operations shall be shielded from public exposure by an opaque screen. (2) Where spray painting, sand blasting or steam cleaning operations are being performed adjacent to a public thoroughfare which m ay be exposed to spray m ists or flying particles, such operations shall be shielded from public ex posure by canopies, tarpaulins or other substantial coverings. (3) Where any demolition operation is being performed, public thoroughfares shall be established and maintained well outside the zone of demolition in accord ance with the provisions of this Part (rule). (4) Where any material is stored adjacent to a public thoroughfare, material piles shall be maintained stable and of such size that falling or shifting m aterial will not endanger persons nsing the thoroughfare. (5) Temporary service lines such as hose lines, electrical wiring, Cables, ropes, piping and similar lines which cross public thoroughfares shall he so lo cated or guarded th at they w ill not constitute tripping hazards for pedestrians nor obstructions for vehicular traffic. Where such service lines are suspended they shall be located a t least eight feet above the ground or equivalent surface where pedestrians are passing and at least 18 feet in height above the ground or equivalent roadway surface where vehicles are passing. HistoricalNote Sec, [filed May 80,1872; JJentmf. 28-1.84, mew filed Jan.;81,1875 eff< PCb.:1,; 1975< 23-1.34 Severability. If any provision o f this Part '(rule)' or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held Invalid, such invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this Part (rule) which can he given effect with out the invalid provisions or applications and to this end the provisions of this Part (rule) are declared to be severable. HistoricalNote Sec. added by renram. 23-1J38, filed Jam. 31, 3375 eft. Feb.: 1, 0976.: Sec. 23-2.1 23-2.2 23-2.3 23-2.4 SUBPART 23-2 CO N STRU CTIO N O PERA TIO N S Maintenance and housekeeping Concrete work Structural steel assembly Flooring requirements in building construction Sec. 23-2.5 Protection of persons in shafts 23-2.0 Catch platforms required 23-2.7 Stairway requirements during the construction of buildings 23-2.8 Painting HistoricalNote Subpart (55 23-2.1--23-2.8) added, Sled May 30,1972 eff. June 1, 1972. 572.3 L B 1-31-76 m 23-2.1 TITLE 12 LABOR Section 23-2.1 M aintenance and housekeeping, (a) S to ra g e o f m a te ria l or e q u ip m e n t. (1) All building m aterials shall be stored in a safe and orderly manner. M aterial piles shall be stable under all conditions and so located th a t they do not obstruct any passageway, walkway, stairw ay or other thoroughfare. 572.4 IB 1-81-76 CHAPTER I BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-2.3 (2) Material and equipment shall not be stored upon any door, platform or scaffold in such quantity or of such weight as to exceed the safe carrying capacity of such floor, platform or scaffold. Material and equipment shall not be placed or stored so close to any edge of a floor, platform or scaffold as to endanger any person beneath such edge, (b) Disposal o f debris. Debris shall be handled and disposed of by methods that w ill not endanger any person employed in the area of such disposal or any person lawfully frequenting such area. Historical Note See. added, filed May SO, 1672 eff. June 1,1672. 23-2.2 Concrete work, (a) General requirements. Forms, shores and re shores shall be structurally safe and shall be properly braced or tied together so as to maintain position and tape. (b) Inspection. Designated persons shall continuously inspect the stability of a ll forms, shores and reshores including all braces and other supports during the placing of concrete. A ny unsafe condition shall be remedied immediately. (c) Beams, floors and roofs. (1) Necessary horizontal and diagonal bracing shall be provided in both longitudinal and transverse directions to provide struc tural stability of beams, floors and roofs. Shores and reshores shall be properly seated top and bottom and shall be secured in place. (2) Where shores or reshores rest upon the ground, mud sills or other bases shall be provided. (3) Where the sum of the dead and live loads on the forms m ay exceed 150 pounds per square foot, the design of such forms, including shores, reshores and bracing, shall be as specified by a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New Tork. Such design plans and specifications shall be kept on th e job site available for examination by the commissioner. All forms, shores, reshores and bracing shall be constructed and installed in accordance w ith such design plans and specifications. (d) Stripping. A fter stripping, forms shall be promptly stockpiled or removed from areas in which persons are required to work or pass. Protruding nails, wire tie s and other form accessories not necessary fo r subsequent work shall be pulled, cut or otherwise made safe. (e) R estoring. Reshoring shall he provided w hen necessary to safely support slabs and beams after stripping or where such members are subjected to superim posed loads due to construction on upper levels. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 3S7Z eff. June 1,1972. 23-2.3 Structural steel assembly, (a) Placing of structural members. (1) During the final placing of structural steel members, loads shall not be released from hoisting ropes until such members are securely fastened in place. Structural steel members shall not be forced into place by hoisting machines while any person is so located that he m ay he injured thereby. (2) Open web steel joists that are hoisted singly shall be transferred from their place of storage directly to their permanent location and secured against dislodgment. Such a load shall not be released from the hoisting rope until i t is so secured. Bundles of such joists shall be so placed as to prevent accidental dis lodgment while being hoisted. Immediately upon the release of th e ties or straps 578 D R 5-81-72 23-3.4 TUPLE 12 LABOR from such bundles, the individual joists shall be distributed to and placed in their permanent positions and secured against accidental dislodgment. (3 ) Loads shall not be placed on open web steel joists until such joists are permanently located and secured including the installation of required bridging. (b) Boling or cutting of structural steel members. Load-bearing structural steel members shad not be materially weakened by holing, cutting or b y any other means except in accordance with the advice of the designer thereof or of a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York. (c) Tag lines. While steel panels or structural steel members are being hoisted, tag lines shall be provided and used to prevent uncontrolled movement of such panels or members. (d) Erection of lintels. Where exterior metal lintels are erected in steel or con crete frame buildings or other structures after the permanent floors have been in stalled, a suitable scaffold constructed and installed in compliance w ith this Part (rule) shall be provided and used unless each person engaged in the w ork of erecting such lintels is provided with and wears an approved safety belt or harness in com pliance with this P art (rule). (e) Tandem loads. The suspension of tandem loads from the boom or hook of any crane or derrick over any area or location where persons work or pass is pro hibited. Historical Note Sec. added, Sled May 30, 1972 eff. June % 1972. 23-2.4 Flooring requirements in building construction, (a) Perm anent floor ing--sleeleton steel construction in tiered buildings. The permanent floors of such building s or other structures shall be installed as soon a s possible as the erection o f structural steel members progresses. In no case shall there be more than eight stories, floors or equivalent levels or 1 2 0 feet, whichever is less, between the erection floor and the uppermost permanent floor. (b) Temporary flooring-- sleeleton steel construction in tiered buildings. (1) Erection b y tow er crane or derrick, (i) The erection floor shall be covered over the entire surface except for access openings. Such flooring shall he of th e proper strength to support the working load intended to be imposed thereon. Such temporary flooring shall be laid tight and secured against movement. (ii) There shall also he provided a tight and substantial floor w ithin tw o stories or SO feet, whichever is less, below and directly under th at portion o f each tier of beams on which any work is being performed. Such floor shall b e of the proper strength to support the working load intended to he im posed thereon. Such floor shall be constructed of planking a t least tw o inches th iclc fu ll size or material of equivalent strength as a minimum. (2 ) Erection by ground-supported cram. Where erection is being done b y means of a crane operating on the ground, grade or equivalent surface, a tig h t, secure and substantial floor shall be installed within two stories or 30 feet, w hich ever is less, below and directly under that portion of each tier of beams on w h ic h any work is being performed. Such floor shall consist of planking at least t w o inches thick full size or of material of equivalent strength. A s a n alternative t o such floor, an approved life net installed in compliance with this P art (rule) m a y he provided. Any such life net shall be Installed and maintained not more t h a n two stories or 80 feet, whichever is less, below and directly under th a t p o r tio n of each tier of beams on which any work is being performed. ^ ddigk one sto ry skeleton steel construction. In the erection o f one s t o r y :eleton steel buildings or other structures where the clear vertical h eigh t o f ISB 8-81-72 CHAPTER X BOARD OH STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-2.5 such building or other structure is 30 feet or more, protection similar to that required for tiered construction as specified in paragraphs (1 ) and (2 ) above shall be provided. Cc) Flooring--other construction. (1) In the erection of any building or other structure having double wood floor or bar joist construction, the rough flooring shall be completed as the construction of such building or other structure pro gresses, Including the tier below the one on which the wood floor joists or bar joists are being installed. (2) In the construction of a building or other structure having single wood flooring or any other flooring system, the floor immediately below the story where the floor joists are being installed shall be kept covered. Such flooring shall be at least two inches thick full size or shall be of material of equivalent strength and be laid tight and secure. Historical Note Sec. added, filed Kay 30, 1972 eff. June 1,1972. 23-2.5 Protection of persons in shafts, (a) General. Persons required to perform work in or at shafts, other than elevator shafts, shall be provided with the following protection: (1) Protection from falling material. A tight covering consisting of planks at least two inches thick full size, exterior grade plywood at least three-quarters inch thick or material of equivalent strength shall be installed so as to cover the entire cross-sectional area of the shaft. Such cover shall he located a t a point in the shaft not more than two stories or 30 feet, whichever is less, above the level where persons are working. (2) Protection from falling, (i) To minimize injuries from falls in shafts, a tight platform consisting of planks at least two inches thick fu ll size, ex terior grade plywood a t least three-quarters inch thick or material of equiva lent strength shall be installed not more than one story or 15 feet, whichever is less, in the shaft below the level where persons are working. In lieu of such platform, an approved life n et installed in compliance with this Part (rule) may be provided. Such approved life net shall be installed in the shaft not more than one story or 15 feet, whichever is less, below the level where per sons are working. (ii) In buildings or other structures where stair halls, stairwells or other similar shafts are to be constructed of masonry, floor slab forms or planking at least two inches thick full size shall be installed as the work progresses. Such slab forms or planking shall be installed in such shafts not more than two stories or 30 feet, whichever is less, below the story on which any brick work or masonry is being erected. (b) Protection of persons in elevator shafts. (1) During the installation, re pair or replacement of any elevator where persons are working in the elevator shaft, except for the stacking of elevator rails, a tight platform consisting of planks at least two inches thick full size, exterior grade plywood at least threequarters inch thick or material of equivalent strength shall he installed not more than two stories or 30 feet, whichever is less, above the level at which any work is being performed so as to provide protection against falling objects or material. Such platform shall cover the entire cross-sectional area of the shaft except that spaces not exceeding 1 2 inches may he left for rail clearance between the edge of the platform and the sides of the sh a ft Protection for persons stacking elevator rails shall he provided by the Installation of a platform as described above which shall he installed Immediately above the hitch point of the hoiBting equipment (2) A similar platform such as Is specified in paragraph (1) above shall be 575 L B 5-31-7'  23-2.6 TO TEE IS t' a S O R installed level with the top landing of each elevator shaft In w h ich work i s t>eing performed to prevent any person from falling into such shaft. (3) Where any elevator is feeing installed, repaired or replaced and p e r s o n s are working in the shaft, a solid or wire mesh partition sh all b e provided w h ere necessary to prevent such persons from contacting any adjacent operable e le v a t o r or counterweight. (4) Where persons are required to perform any work a t in term ed iate le v e ls between stories in elevator shafts, such persons shall be provided w ith o v e r h e a d protection from falling objects or material. Such protection sh a ll be a t l e a s t 27 inches in width and shall cover the area where the persons are w orking. (5) Where persons are required to perform any work a t in term ed ia te le v e ls between stories in an elevator shaft, such persons shall be provided w ith p r o t e c tion against falling. Such protection shall be either an approved life n et in s t a lle d in compliance with this Part (rule) or planking at lea st tw o in ch es thick f u l l size or other material of equivalent strength. Such protection sh a ll b e lo ca ted , n o t more than two stories or 30 feet, whichever is less, below th e p o in t in the e le v a t o r shaft where such persons are working. In lieu of an approved life n et o r su b stantial covering, such persons may use approved sa fety b e lts or h a r n e s s e s securely attached to hanging lifelines in compliance w ith this P a r t (rule). (6 ) While any work is being performed in existing elevator sh afts, a l l s h a ft doors shall be kept closed except where it is necessary to k eep a door o p e n in order to perform the work in which case either the elevator c a r shall b e lo c k e d at such landing and a chain or other barrier between 36 and 42 Inches in h e ig h t shall be placed across the door opening, or a person shall b e sta tio n ed a t su ch door opening to prevent unauthorized entrance to such door opening. Historical Note Sec. added, died May SO, 1972 eft. June 1,1872. 23-2.6 Catch platform s.required, (a) During the construction of e x t e r io r masonry walls of any building or other structure, except chim neys, from a f l o o r or scaffold inside the building or other structure and such floor or scaffold is m o r e th a n 35 feet above the adjoining ground or equivalent surface, there sh a ll be p r o v id e d along the exterior face of such w all a catch platform, installed in co m p lia n ce w ith this Part (rule) with the following exceptions: (1) In lieu of the required barricade or fence on all open sid e s of t h e catch' platform, such sides shall be provided with planks whose m inim um c r o ss-se c tio n a l dimensions shall be tw o inches by nine inches or material o f equivalent s t r e n g t h having one dimension a t least nine inches. Such planks or m a teria l of e q u iv a le n t strength shall be so placed that the greater dimensions are v ertica l. (2) A two-inch space may be left between the inner ed ge o f th e ca tch , p la t form and the face of th e wall of the building or other structure. (b) Such catch platform shall be located not more than 20 f e e t below t h e floor or scaffold platform from which the work is being performed. Historical N ote Sec. added, filed Hay 30, 1872 etc. June 1,1972. 23-2.7 Stairway requirements during the construction o f buildings; ( a ) Gfen- eral requirements. During the construction of any reinforced concrete b u ilflin g or other structure, at least one stairway shall be installed which sh a ll extend t o a level not more than four floors or 60 feet, whichever is less, below th e upperm ost w o r k in g floor or level During the construction of other types of buildings or o th e r stru c tures, at least one stairway shall be installed which extends to a le v e l n ot m o r e th an two floors or 30 feet, whichever is less, below the uppermost w o rk in g floor o r level. 576 I S 5-81-72 CHAPTER X BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-2.8 Such stairways shah be extended upward as the construction progresses to comply w ith this Part (rule). (b) Stairw ay construction. Temporary stairways shall have treads constructed o f w ood planks not less than two inches by 1 0 inches in size, or metal not less than tw o inches in depth of equivalent strength. Such temporary stairways shall be not le s s than three feet in width and shall be substantially constructed and rigidly braced. Such stairways more than five feet in width shall be provided with inter m ediate or center stringers. Stairways with steel treads and landings which are to be subsequently filled in with concrete or provided with other permanent tread sur fa c in g shall be provided temporary wooden treads carefully fitted in place and extending to the edges o f the metal nosing and over the full width of the treads and landing^. (c ) S/celeton iron or steel stairs. Skeleton iron or steel stairs shall have treads o f wood planking not less than two inches by 1 0 inches in size. (d) Vertical rise. Any temporary stairway shall not have a vertical rise of m ore than 1 2 feet between landings or floors. (e ) Protective railings. The stairwells of temporary wooden stairways and of perm anent stairways where enclosures or guard rails have not been erected shall be provided with a safety railing constructed and installed in compliance with this P a r t (rule) on every open side. Every stairway and landing shall be provided with handrails not less than 30 inches nor more than 40 inches in height, measured vertically from the nose of the tread to the top of the rail. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May SO, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972. ,, 23-2.8 Painting, (a) Confined space definition. As used in this section, a confined space means a room, a portion of a room or an enclosure having no means o f natural ventilation other than one entrance opening and which room, portion of a room or enclosure is of such dimensions that a painter is required to work inside su ch room, portion of a room or enclosure. Such confined space may be a tank, an elevator car, a compartment, a closet, the upper area of a high ceiling room or a sim ilarly enclosed space. (b) General requirements. The painting of confined spaces, including the rise of coatin g materials, paint removers, stains, solvents and abrasives, shall be so per form ed as to prevent the dissemination of such harmful materials into the air where persons are located in quantities tending to injure the health of such persons. (c) P aint spraying. Persons engaged in paint spraying operations and persons in such close proximity to such operations that they are exposed to the spray mists sh a ll be provided with and shall use approved respirators. Operators of paint spray in g equipment shall be provided with and shall use protective oil, grease or cream on the exposed parts o f their bodies. Where such work is performed in tanks, vats and similar enclosed vessels, protection in addition to the required respirators shall b e provided by means of mechanical exhaust ventilation. (d) Brush work. Persons engaged in brush painting with other than waterm ixed paints in confined spaces shall be provided with approved respirators. Where brush work is performed in tanks, vats and similar enclosed vessels, protection in addition to the required respirators shall be provided by means of mechanical ven tilation. (e) Coating rem oval. Where coating removal is being performed w ith any vola tile solvent In a confined space, protection in addition to approved respirators shall be provided by means o f mechanical ventilation. 677 JSB 6-81-72  23-3.1 TITLE 12 LABOR (f) Machine sanding. A n approved respirator shall be provided for, and shall be worn by, any person operating a sanding machine unless the sandpaper is wetted with oil or water or the sanding machine is provided with a dust collector. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1072 elf. June 1, 1972. SUBPART 23-3 DEMOLITION OPERATIONS Sec. 23-3.1 23-3.2 Sec. Special approval required General requirements 23-3.3 Demolition by hand 23-3.4 Mechanical methods of demolition Historical Note Subpart (96 28-3.1--23-3.4) added, filed May 30, 1972 eiT. June 1, 1972. Section 23-3.1 Special approval required. Any method of demolition of any building or other structure not named or described in this Subpart shall not be used unless granted a special approval. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eft. June 1, 1972. 23-3.2 General requirements, (a) Preparations for the demolition of any building or other structures. (1) Before demolition Is started, all glass In the exterior openings of the building or other structure to be demolished shall be removed. (2) Before demolition is started, all gas. electric, water, steam and other supply lines shall be shut off and capped or otherwise sealed. In each such case, the service or utility company involved shall be notified in writing at least 24 hours in advance of the start of work on such lines. (3) Where it is necessary to maintain any gas, electric, water, steam or other supply line during the demolition operations, such lines shall be so protected with substantial coverings or shall he so relocated as to protect them from damage and to afford protection to any person. If such lines are to he relocated, the service or utility company involved shall be notified in writing at least 48 hours In advance of such relocation. In not more than one normal working day the service or utility company shall notify the employer of the procedure to be followed In performing such relocation and such procedure shall be followed by the employer. (b) Protection of adjacent structures. During the demolition o f any building or other structure, the employer performing such demolition shall examine the walls of all buildings or other structures adjacent to the one which is to be demolished. Such examination shall Include a determination of the thickness and method of sup port of any wall of such adjacent buildings or otheT structures. Where there is any reason to believe that an adjacent building or other structure or any part thereof Is unsafe or may become unsafe because of the demolition operations, such operations shall not be performed until means have been provided to insure the stability and to prevent the collapse of such adjacent buildings or other structures. Such means shall consist of sheet piling, shoring, bracing or the equivalent. (c) Barricades. Demolition sites shall be fenced, barricaded or provided with sidewalk sheds in compliance with this Part (rule). fd) Dust control. Provision shall be made at every demolition site to control the amount of airborne dust resulting from demolition operations by wetting the debris and other materials w ith appropriate spraying agents or by other means. 578 LB 5-S1-72 Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972. CHAPTER I BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-3.3 23-3.3 Demolition by hand, (a) Application. The provisions of this section shall not apply to mechanical means of demolition. (bi Demolition of walls and partitions. i l l The demolition of wails and parti tions shall proceed in a systematic manner and all demolition work above each tier of floor beams shall be completed "notore any demolition work is performed on the supports of such floor beams. <21 Masonry shall not be loosened nor permitted to fall in such masses as to endanger the structural stability of any floor or structural support which such masonry may strike in falling, (3) Walls, chimneys and other parts of any building or other structure shall not be left unguarded in such condition that such parts may fall, collapse or be weakened by wind pressure or vibration. (4) Employers shall not suffer or permit any person to work while such per son is standing on top of a wall or any similar elevated structure of small area. (5) In the demolition by hand of exterior walls, all persons performing such work shall be provided with safe footing in the form of sound flooring or scaffolds constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule). (6 ) Walls or partitions which are being demolished by hand shall not be left standing more than one story or 15 feet, whichever is less, above the uppermost floor on which persons are working. Such walls or partitions shall be removed before the aggregate area of the openings in such floor exceeds 25 percent of the total floor area. (c) Inspection. During hand demolition operations, continuing inspections shall be made by designated persons as the work progresses to detect any hazards to any person resulting from weakened or deteriorated floors or walls or from loosened material. Persons shall not be suffered or permitted to work where such hazards exist until protection has been provided by shoring, bracing or other effective means. (d) Boarding of w all openings. Where windows and other exterior wall open ings in buildings or other structures being demolished are more than 25 feet in height above the ground or grade level and are within 2 0 feet of any floor opening used for the removal of debris from floors above, such windows and other openings shall be solidly boarded up during demolition operations to prevent the accidental passage o f debris. (e) Methods of operation. Where the demolition of any building or other struc ture is being performed by hand, debris, bricks and any other materials shall be removed as follows: (1) By means of chutes constructed and installed In compliance with this Part (rule); (2) By means of buckets or hoists; or (3) Through openings in the floors of the building or other structure in com pliance with this section. (f) Access to floors. There shall be provided at all times safe access to and egress from every building or other structure in the course of demolition. Such safe means of access and egress shall consist of entrances, hallways, stalnrays or ladder runs so protected as to safeguard the persons using such means from the hazards of falling debris or materials. (g) Protection tn other areas. Every floor or equivalent area within the build ing or other structure that is subject to the hazard of falling debris or materials from above shall be boarded up to prevent the passage of any person through such area, or shall be fenced off by a substantial safety railing constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule) and placed not less than 20 feet from the perim eter of such floor opening or such area shall be provided with overhead protection 579 LB 5-31-72  23-3.3 WPT.TT, 12 IiA B O B in the form of tight planking a t least two inches thick full size, exterior g ra d e plywood a t least three-quarters inch thick or material of equivalent strength. (h) Demolition of structural steel try hand. Steel construction shall he d em ol ished column length by column length and floor by floor. Every structural m em b er which is being dismembered shall not be under any stress other than its own w e ig h t and such member shall be chained or lashed in place to prevent its uncontrolled swinging or dropping. Large structural members shall not be thrown or dropped from the building or other structure, but shall be carefully lowered. Where a der rick is used in the demolition of buildings or other structures of skeleton s t e e l construction, the floor upon which the derrick rests shall be completely planked o v er with planking of adequate size. Where other methods are used, the persons e n g a g ed to the dismantling of structural steel members shall be protected by solidly p la n k ed flooring not less than two inches thick full size or sound floor arches not m ore th a n two stories or 30 feet, whichever is less, below and directly under that portion o f a n y tier of beams where such persons are a t work. (i) Demolition of floor arches. Before demolishing any floor arch, debris and other materials shall be removed from such arch and from other adjacent floor a rea s. Planks not less than two inches thick by nine inches in cross-section full size sh a ll be provided for and shall be used by the persons to stand on while breaking d ow n floor arches between beams. Such planks shall be so located as to provide sa fe supports for such persons should the arches between the beams collapse. A n y op en spaces between such planks shall not exceed 16 inches. (j) Floor openings. (1) Permissible aggregate area. During the d em olition of any building or other structure by hand, the aggregate area of openings in th e floor immediately beneath the floor being demolished shall not exceed 25 p er c e n t of the total area of such floor. (2) Required protection, (i) Every opening used for the removal of d eb ris or materials on every floor not closed to access, except the top working floor, shall be provided with an enclosure from floor to ceiling equivalent to th a t afforded by planking not less than two inches thick full size. Such en closu re shall be solid except for portions openable for loosening blocked debris. A lte r natively, the opening shall be fenced off by a substantial safety railing con structed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule) and placed n o t le s s than 20 feet from the perimeter of such opening. Every opening not u sed fo r the removal of debris or other materials in any floor to which access is p e r mitted shall be protected by a solid enclosure as described above, by a su b sta n tial safety railing constructed and installed at least two feet from the perim eter of the opening and otherwise in compliance with this P art (rule) or su ch opening shall be solidly planked over with planks not less than two in ch es thick full size. ~ (ii) Openings in the top or working floor more than 16 inches In le a s t dimension shall be protected on all sides, except the side a t which debris or other materials is deposited, by a substantial safety railing constructed and installed at least two feet from the perimeter of the opening and otherwise in compliance with this Part (rule) or by a rope not less than five-eighths in ch diameter or an equivalent chain placed not less than two fe e t from the p e r i meter of such opening. Such rope or chain shall be not less than 36 inches n o r more than 42 inches above the floor surface. That portion of any floor op en in g adjacent to and immediately below a point where persons are employed in a n y work upon a wall or equivalent structur shall be provided w ith solid floorin g not less than five feet in width measured from the inside face of such w a ll o r equivalent structure. Such flooring shall consist of planking not less thnn tw o inches thick full size, exterior grade plywood not less than three-quarters Inch thick or material of equivalent strength. 5S0 LB 5-31-72 CHAPTER. I BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-3.4 (k) Storage of m aterials. (1 ) General, (i) Materials shall not he stored on catch platforms, scaffold platforms, floors or stairways of any building or other structure being demolished, except that any such floor may be used for the temporary storage o f materials when such floor Is of such strength as to safely support the load to be Imposed. (11) Storage areas shall not interfere with access to any stairway or pas sagew ay used by any person a s a means of ingress or egress. Suitable barri cades shall be provided to prevent stored materials from sliding or rebounding Into any area where any person Is located or passing. All materials shall be safely piled in such locations as will not interfere with any work operations nor present any hazard to any person employed a t or frequenting the demoli tion site. (2) Storage of debris or m aterials in cedars. When debris or materials are stored in the cellar or basement of any building or other structure being demol ished, such debris or materials shall not be in piles which extend higher than the top of the foundation wall. The person in charge of the demolition operations shall provide sheet-piling, shoring, bracing or such other means as may be neces sary to insure the stability of such foundation walls and to prevent any such wall from collapsing due to the pressure of the accumulated debris or materials. (l) Safe footing required. Any person working above the first floor or ground level in the demolition o f any building or other structure shall not he suffered or permitted to use accumulated debris or piled materials as a footing in the perform ance of his work: E very person shall be provided w ith safe footing consisting of sound flooring, planking not less than two inches thick fu ll size, adequately supported exterior grade plywood a t least three-quarters inch thick or other material of equivalent strength. (m) Catch, platform, required,. During the demolition of any exterior masonry wall or a roof from a point more than 75 fe e t above the adjoining ground, grade or equivalent level where persons are exposed to falling debris, materials or objects, a catch platform shall be constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule). Such catch platform shall be located at a level not more than 20 feet below the working level. Exceptions: (1) A catch platform, is not required where a chim ney Is being demolished. (2) A catch platform is not required where a scaf fold, constructed and installed In compliance with this Part (rule), provide equivalent protection. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1872 eft. June 1, 1872. 23-3.4 Mechanical methods o f demolition. The use of a swinging weight a t- ,, tached to the line of a crane boom, clamshell bucket, power shovel, bulldozer or any other mechanical device or equipment for the purpose of demolishing a building or other structure or any remaining portion thereof shall be in accordance with th e following requirements: (a) H eight lim itation. The building or other structure or any remaining portion thereof -bail be not more than SO feet in height above the ground, grad or equiva lent surface. (b) Structural stability. Walls, chimneys and other parte of any building or other structure shall not be left unsupported or unguarded in such condition th a t such parts m ay fall, collapse or be weakened by wind pressure or vibration. (e) Zone o f demolition. (1) Where a sw inging weight is used in demolition 581 LB 9-80-78 23-4.1 TTTCH 12 LABOR operations, a zone o f demolition with a radius of at least equal to one and one-half times the h e ig h t o f the building or other structure or any portion thereof being so demolished sh a ll be maintained around the points of impact. Where a swinging weight is used, th e supporting cables shall be of such length or shall be so re strained that i t is n o t possible for the weight to swing against any other building or structure th a n th e one being demolished. (2) Where a clam shell bucket is being used in demolition operations, a zone of demolition sh a ll be maintained within 25 feet on both sides o f the line o f travel of the bucket. (8 !) W here oth er mechanical devices or equipment are being used in demoli tion operations, a zone o f demolition shall be maintained in the area into which the building or oth er structure or any portion thereof may fall. Such zone of demolition shall equal at least one and one-half times the height of the building or other structure or any portion thereof above the ground, grade or equivalent level. (4) Only p erso n s essential to the operation of the demolition devices or equip ment shall be su ffered or permitted to enter any zone of demolition. (5) Substantial barricades constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule) sh a ll b e erected wherever there is likelihood of any person entering a zone o f dem olition other than the persons essential for operation o f the demoli tion devices or equipment. (6 ) The con trols o f any mechanical device or equipment used in demolition operations sh all b e located and operated a safe and reasonable distance from the point of demolition. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1,1972. SUBPART 23-4 EXCAVATION OPERATIONS See. Sec. 23-4.1 General requirements 23-4.4 Sheeting, shoring and bracing 23-4.2 Trench and area type excavations 23-4.5 Use of Tables HI and IV 23-4.3 Access to excavations Historical Note Subpart (IS 28-4.1--28-4.5) added, filed May 30, 1872 eff. June 1, 1072. Decisions 1. liability for breach of duty to provide shoring Held that a subcontractor who breached the nondelegable duty of providing shoring for an excavation (Labor Law, 241; 12 NYCRR 23.8 [cf. F art 23-41) has no cause of action against the contractor, who breached the same duty. They are joint tort-feasors. Milne v. Chandler <6 Bailee, 45 Mlsc 2d 593 (1964), affd. 23 AD 2d 711 (1965). 23-4.1 General requirements, (a) Stability of structures. Except in hard rock, whenever a n y excavation is to be performed in the vicinity of buildings, struc tures or utilities, th e integrity, stability and structural adequacy of such buildings, structures or u tilitie s shall be maintained at all times by the use of underpinning, sheet piling, bracing or other equivalent means to prevent damage to or failure of foundations, w alls, supports or utility facilities and to prevent injury to any person. Such underpinning, sh e e t piling, bracing or equivalent means shall be inspected a t least once each d ay o r m ore often if conditions warrant Every such inspection shall be conducted b y an experienced, designated person. (b) Prohibited e n tr y . N o person shall be suffered or permitted to enter any trench or sim ilar e x ca v a tio n where he may be exposed to side or bank failure or cave-in unless proper safeguards for his protection have been provided. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May SO, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972. 582 LB 9-80-78 CHAPTER I BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-4.2 23-4.2 Trench and area type excavations, (a) Whenever any person is re quired to work in or is lawfully frequenting any trench or excavation five feet or more in depth which has sides or hanks with slopes steeper than those permitted in Table X of this Subpart, such sides or banks shall be provided with sheeting and shoring in compliance with this Part (rule). Such sheeting and shoring system shall be in contact with the sides or banks of such trench or excavation. A designated person shall carefully inspect such sheeting and shoring at least once each day and more frequently in the event of rain, the presence of additional surface or ground water from any source, excessive ground vibrations or whenever additional loads of any kind have been imposed near or adjacent to such excavation. Additional pro tection against slides and cave-ins shall be provided whenever necessary. Any trench or excavation in clay, sand, silt, loam or nonhomogenous soil which has sides or banks more than three feet but less than five feet in depth shall be provided with side or bank protection in compliance with this Part (rule). Such side or bank pro tection shall not be required where an employer maintains on file at the excavation site a dated certification in writing by a designated person who is qualified by train ing and experience indicating that such person has examined the sides and banks and has found them to be stable and not subject to failure or cave-in. Such certifi cation shall be available for examination by the commissioner. (b) Where the sides or banks of a trench or area type excavation may be sloped back without causing subsidence or damage to buildings, structures, utilities, roads, streets, highways or similar facilities, sloping of the excavation sides or banks may be used as protection in lieu of the sheeting and shoring required by this Part (rule), provided such sloping conforms to the values set forth in Table I of this Subpart. Such sloping of the excavation sides or banks may be used in combination with sheeting and shoring. When such a# combination is used, a level bench a t least 24 inches in width shall be left between the toe of the sloped section and the braced section. The sheeting of the braced section shall extend a t least 12 inches above the elevation of such level bench. (c) Any unbraced sloped excavation which extends below the ground water table, especially adjacent to rivers, reservoirs or other bodies or sources of free water, shall be under the direct supervision of an experienced person designated by the employer. (d) In any excavation with a combination of sloped unbraced sides or banks near the surface and vertical sheeted and shored sides or banks near the bottom, the steepest allowable slope of such unbraced portion of the sides or banks shall be based on the total excavation depth. (See Table I of this Subpart.) (e) Where any side or bank of an excavation is undercut and has a reverse slope toward the trench centerline creating a vertical load on the sheeting and shoring,, such sheeting and shoring shall be designed by, and installed in accordance with the specifications determined by, a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York. Such sheeting and shoring shall be designed to support the vertical load imposed by the overhanging material as well as the load imposed by h e adjacent ground. (f) Excavated material and other superimposed loads shall be placed at least 24 inches back from the edges of any open excavation and shall be so placed or piled that no part thereof can slide, fall or roll into the excavation. Such 24-inch required clearance m ay be reduced if the employer installs a barrier or similar retaining device which is designed and constructed to prevent excavated material from falling into the excavation. 588 XiB 5-81-72  23-4.2 TTTT.TB 12 LABOR TABLE I STEEPEST ALLOWABLE UNBRACED SLOPES Type of.Soil or Book Stiff cohesive soil Noncohesive soil Depth of Excavation S to 10 ft. Over 10 ft. 1% vertical on 1 horizontal 1 vertical on 1 horizontal (trench) 1 % vertical on 1 horizontal (area) 1 vertical on 1 horizontal 1 vertical on 1 % horizontal (when subject to vibrations) 1 vertical on 1 horizontal 1 vertical on 1 % horizontal (when subject to vibrations) Soft cohesive or wet flowing soil 1 vertical on 1 horizontal 1 vertical on 1 % horizontal (when subject to vibrations) 1 vertical on 1% horizontal (trench) 1 vertical on 1 horizontal (area) 1 vertical on 1 % horizontal (when subject to vibrations) Stable rock Vertical sides permitted Vertical sides perm itted Unstable rock 1% vertical on 1 horizontal 1% vertical on 1 horizontal Notes: The slopes given in Table X are ithe steepest allowable. Conditions may occur requiring the UBe of flatter slopes to prevent slope failure and subsidence of adjacent areas. A slope shall start from the bottom of esjch side of an ex cavation or where the lower portions of such sides consist of stable rock from the top of such rock. _______ (g) All sides or banks, slopes and areas in and adjacent to any excavation shall be stripped and cleared o f loose rock or any other material which m ay slide, fall, roll or be pushed upon any person located in such excavation. (h) Any open excavation adjacent to a sidewalk, street, highway or other area lawfully frequented by any person shall be effectively guarded. Such guarding shall consist of a substantial fence or barricade. As an alternative, such guarding m ay consist of an extension of the sheeting above the ground surface adjacent to the excavation to a height of a t least 42 inches above such adjacent street, highw ay or other area lawfully frequented by any person. In lieu of such guarding, protection may be afforded by a substantial covering installed over such excavation. Such covering shall consist of planking a t least two inches thick full size, properly sup ported exterior grade plywood a t least three-quarters inch thick or m aterial of equivalent strength. Where it is possible that the movement of vehicles or other heavy equipment will take place over such covering, the covering shall b e of suffi cient strength to withstand such loading without structural failure of th e covering or of the support system. (i) Where no work is being performed in an unattended open excavation w hich has substantially vertical sides or banks three feet or more in depth, su ch excava tion shall be effectively guarded on all open sides regardless of the location of such excavation. Such guarding shall consist of a fence, a barricade or a sa fe ty railing constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule). A s an alternative, such guarding may consist o f an extension of the sheeting above the excavation to a height of a t least 42 inches above the adjacent ground, grade or equivalent level In lieu of such guarding, protection m ay he afforded by a substantial covering in stalled over the excavation. Such covering shall consist of planking a t lea st tw o 584 LB 5-31-72 G I-A -P T E R I BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-4.4 i n c h e s thick full size, properly supported exterior grade plywood at least threeq u a r t e r s inch th ic k or material of equivalent strength. Where it is possible that the n i o v e m e n i of veh icles or other heavy equipment will take place over such covering, t h e co v erin g shall h e of sufficient strength to withstand such loading without struc t u r a l failure of th e covering or of the support system. ( j ) T em porary sheet piling installed in an excavation to permit the construction o f a retaining or structural wall shall be left in place until such wall has developed a d e q u a t e strength to support any load intended to be imposed upon such wall. ( k ) Persons sh a ll not be suffered or permitted to work in any area where they t t i a y b e struck or endangered by any excavation equipment or by any material being d i s l o d g e d by or fa llin g from such equipment. ( l ) The sides o f any excavation in stable rock may be vertical and are not re q u i r e d to be provided with sheeting and shoring. Such sides shall be scaled and kept f r e e o f a ll loose ro c k or material that may be dislodged or may fall into such ex cavation . Historical Note Sec. a d d e d , filed M a y 30, 1972 eff. J u n e 1, 1972. 2 3 . 4 , 3 A c c e ss to excavations. Ladders, stairways or ramps constructed in com p l i a n c e w ith this P a r t (rule) shall be provided in every excavation more than three f e e t i n depth for s a f e access and egress. Such ladders, stairways or ramps shall be i n s t a l l e d in sufficient number and in such locations as to be readily accessible to any p e r s o n wishing t o enfer or leave such excavation without more than 25 feet of l a t e r a l travel. Historical Note Sec. a d d ed , filed M ay 30, 1972 eff. J u n e 1, 1972. 2 3 - 4 . 4 Sheetin g, shoring and bracing, (a) Where any excavation is not pro t e c t e d by sloped sid e s or banks in compliance with Table I of this Subpart, any per s o n in such excavation shall be protected by sheeting, shoring and bracing in com p l i a n c e w ith T ab les H, IH and IV of this Subpart. Sizes of materials listed in the t ; t a b l e s are nom inal or trade dimensions. TABLE II M A XIM U M HORIZONTAL DISTANCE BETWEEN EDGES OF SHEETING T y p e of Soil S t i f f cohesive soil TToncohesive soil S o f t cohesive or w e t flowing so il 5 to 10 ft. Tight 2 feet Tight Excavation Depth Over 10 to IS ft. Tight Tight Tight Over IS to 20 ft. Tight Tight Tight Cb) Shores, str u ts and braces, whether horizontal or inclined, shall be of ade q u a t e size to provide stiffness and adequately braced to withstand the loads intended t o b e imposed thereon . The ends of all braces shall be individually anchored and f a s t e n e d to fully resist all imposed forces and to prevent such braces from shifting o r slipping. The placing of any inclined shores, struts or braces at any angle ex c e e d i n g 30 degrees from the horizontal is prohibited. ( e ) Each earth-supported shore, strut or brace shall bear against a footing of s u f f ic i e n t area a n d stability to prevent any subsidence, yield or shifting of such s h o r e , strut or brace. 585 LB 5-31-72 * Sizes of tim ber for such conditions becom e excessive. A special stru c tu re designed by a professional engineer licensed to practice in th e S tate of N ew Y ork sh all be constructed an d used fo r th e specific condition involved. Note: Tim ber sizes are nom inal or trad e dimensions. 23-4.4 T IT U S 12 LA B O R 2 M * O^ 00 *? 00 o <*c ou 00 Hi * <0 To >fc I 1 &a B3 a I 8 -B a ^ 5 bs - .3 3 a I sZ rf d > " * & 8 * 1 3 6 d I f*3 m P3< li| |I 3 p. g .ea og S " Q.?d >>5 U) *,o 3 a | <! I 03 . cfl h.o# -1 a fl) w_ rs .Eg} <D . " 3 .o CO - *1 ft .g 3 w 3 's > 8 jf ho ed s ? W eg CO os t, 2 g&o 2a 5 *, hfi J3 ^ <* H i *5 I AO 4V-> i l * * *m *d | *2 g s5 586 L B 5-31-72 >3 6 Cl X 4* O ^ ^ i *K 5 e. CHAPTER I BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-4.5 (d) Each end of each stringer shall be individually braced. W here strin gers are terminated to form individual panel type sheeting, each such p an el shall be brace at either end. (e) In lieu of sheeting and shoring and where conditions perm it, a self-support ing movable shield of timber or metal may be used and moved ahead a s the e x ca v a tion and construction progresses. The supporting capacity o f su c h a shield sh all be equal in all respects to the sheeting and shoring set forth in T ab les II, IH and IV of this Subpart. When any person is located in such excavation a t an y point not protected by such shield, sheeting and shoring as set forth in T ab les H, IH and IV of this Subpart shall be provided. (f) In lieu of wood, screw jacks of adequate size and sta b ility m ay be used as cross bracing in the sheeting and shoring of any excavation. A n y type of cross bracing used shall be in a true horizontal position, shall be secu rely fastened and shall be prevented from shifting or slipping by adequately fa sten ed scabs or blocks. (g) When the depth of an excavation requires the use of tw o vertical len gth s of sheeting, one above the other, the lower sheeting shall be s e t inside the bottom stringers of, the upper sheeting and shall be driven down and braced as the excava tion continues. (h) Excavations which are generally parallel to existing underground pipe lines, utilities or structures of any kind shall be tightly sheeted and shored alongside such pipe lines, utilities or structures where they are exposed by su ch excavations. (i) Timber sheeting shall consist of structurally sound hardwood a t lea st two inches by six inches in size or of lumber of equivalent strength. The actual th ick ness of such timber sheeting shall be consistent with the size of the supporting timbers and the depth of the excavation. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eft. June 1, 1972. 23-4.5 U se of Tables III and IV. The use of Tables in and TV shall be subject to the following requirements: (a) The sizes of members shown in Tables III and IV are th e minimum require ments for timber bracing systems used in the sheeting and shoring o f excavations. (b) Steel, aluminum or combinations of steel, aluminum and tim ber bracing systems of equivalent strength and capacity may be used in p la ce of tim ber bracing systems. (c) Portable, adjustable-type metal shores for trench b racin g system s sh all be approved. (d) Braces shall be so placed that the full cross-sectional areas required by Tables H I and IV of this Subpart bear against the stringers. (e) Stringers shall be placed with their least dimensions fla t ag a in st the sh e e t ing. (f) Where any side of an excavation is a combination o f a n unbraced slope in accordance with Table I of this Subpart near the surface a n d a braced vertica l section near the bottom, the sizes of the bracing members sh a ll be determ ined from Tables IH and IV of this Subpart. In such case, the excavation depth shall be the sum of the depth of the braced section plus one-half the depth o f the unbraced sloped section. (g) The uppermost brace of any bracing system shall be located not m ore than . two feet below the top of the supported material. V (h) The maximum distance between the lowest brace a n d the bottom o f the excavation shall not exceed three feet, except where the sh eetin g or soldier b eam is embedded as stipulated in subdivision (i) below. 587 LB 5-31-72 ur> 588 LB 5-31-72 fv-> Trench Depth 5 to 10 ft Over 10 to 20 ft. Over 20 ft TABLE IV in MINIMUM SIZES OP STRINGERS AND BRACES Wide Trenches--Horizontal Cross-Braces More Than Four Feet But Not Longer Than Eight Feet Type of Soil Stiff cohesive Vertical Spacing of Stringers 4 ft. max. If Feet Stringers Braces 4x4 4x4 Horizontal Spaci rig of Cross-Braces 6 Feet 8 Feet Stringers Braces Stringers Braces 6x6 or 4 x 8 4x6 6x6 4x6 12 Feet Stringers Braces 8 x8 6x6 Noncohesive Over 4 ft. to 6 ft. max. 6 x6 or 4 x 8 4x6 6x6 6 x6 6 x8 6 x8 8 x 10 6 x8 Soft cohesive and w et flowing Stiff cohesive and noncohesive 4 ft. max. 6x6 4 ft. max. 4x6 6 x6 4x6 6 x 10 6x6 6x6 8 x 10 6 x6 6 x6 8 x8 or 6 x 1 0 6x6 1 0 x 12 1 0 x 10 8 x8 8 x8 Soft cohesive and wet flowing 4 ft. max. 6 x8 6x8 8 x 10 6 x 10 1 0 x 12 8 x 10 * *s For any trench over 20 feet in depth the sheeting, shoring and bracing system shall be designed by a professional engi y neer licensed to practice in the State of New York. Such design plan, including design analysis and specifications, shall be submitted to the board for special approval before any work is performed on such excavation. New York shall be constructed and used for the specific condition involved. Note: Timber sizes are nominal or trade dimensions. E $ f I 5 O'P.COB q,e* P*S'Si Ef'S jj- f 'a S ,|" 8 S g a g S ,s - | s g-ir laa? iU-gfigg gpha. " --3"S'SSs.o- "e i ^SfRaag & a s g3  23-5.1 r|T(rjJJg3 12 IiA B O R without settling or deformation and shall he secure against m ovem ent in a n y direc tion. Unstable supports, such as barrels, boxes, loose brick or loose stone, sh all not be used. (c) Scaffold structure. (1) Except where otherwise specifically provided in this Subpart, all scaffolding shall be so constructed as to bear four tim es th e maxi mum weight required to be dependent therefrom or placed thereon w hen in use. (See Labor Law, i 240, subdivision 3.) Such maximum w eight sh all be construed to mean the sum of both dead and live loads. Exception: Paragraph (1) above does not apply to scaffold sus pension ropes. (See seotion 2S-5.19 of this Subpart.) (2) Every scaffold shall be provided with adequate horizontal and diagonal bracing to prevent an y lateral movement. (d) Scaffold loading. (1) Light duty scaffolds shall n ot be loaded w ith live loads in excess of 25 pounds per square foot. (2) Medium duty scaffolds shall not be loaded with live loads in ex cess o f 50 pounds per square foot. (3) Heavy duty scaffolds shall not be loaded with live loads in ex cess o f 76 pounds per square foot. (4) No scaffold shall be loaded in excess of the maximum load for w hich it is intended. (e) Scaffold planking. (1) Except on needle beam and pole scaffolds, scaf fold planks shall extend not less than six inches beyond any support n or more than 18 inches beyond any end support. Such six inch minimum requirem ent shall > not apply when such planks are securely fastened in place. Scaffold plan k s shall be laid tight and inclined planking shall be securely fastened in place. (2) The maximum permissible live load for two-inch full size planking shall be as follows: (i) H eavy d u ty scaffolds--75 pounds per square foot for spans u p to and including six feet. (ii) Medium d u ty scaffolds--50 pounds per square foot fo r spans over six feet and up to and including eight feet. (iii) L ight d u ty scaffolds--25 pounds per square foot for spans over eigh t feet and up to and including 1 0 feet. (3) The maximum permissible live load for two-inch nominal th ick n ess plank ing shall be as follows: (i) L ight d u ty scaffolds--25 pounds per square foot for spans over six fe e t and up to and including eight feet. (ii) Medium d u ty scaffolds--50 pounds per square foot for spans u p to and including six feet. (iii) H eavy d u ty scaffolds--two-inch nominal thickness planking shall not be used for heavy duty scaffolds. (4) The maximum permissible live load for one and one-quarter inch fu ll size planking shall be 50 pounds per square foot for spans up to and including four feet. (5) The minimum width of every planked scaffold platform sh a ll be 1 8 inches except for the following: (i) Bench type scaffolds where the working platforms are not m ore than 24 inches above th e floor or other supporting surface shall be n o t less th an nine inches in width. (ii) Trestle an d extension trestle ladder scaffold platform s sh a ll have 590 LB 5-31-72 C H A P T E R . I BOARD OB' STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-5.T widths equal to the distances between the side rails of the ladders, hut in no case shall such platforms he less than 1 2 inches in width. ( f ) Scaffold maintenance and repair. Every scaffold shall he maintained in good arepair and every defect, unsafe condition or noneompliance with this P art (rule) s h a l l he immediately corrected before further use of such scaffold. (g ) Scaffold lumber. A ll lumber used in the construction o f scaffolds and s c a f fo ld platforms shall he stress-grade, having a minimum unit stress "f " o f 1500 3?si. The use of scaffold lumber shall be in conformance with the grade classification, i . e . lumber graded for use as posts or columns shall not be used where beams or j o i s t s are required. A ll lumber subjected to stress shall be sound, straight grained, f r e e from shakes, large, loose or dead knots or checks or from any other defects which may impair its strength or durability. (h) Scaffold erection, cmd removal. Every scaffold shall be erected and removed tin d e r the supervision of a designated person. (i) Overhead protection. Overhead protection when required for any scaffold s h a l l consist of planking not less than two inches thick full size, exterior grade iplywood not less than three-quarters inch thick or material of equivalent strength. S u c h planks used for overhead protection shall be laid tight, shall extend the fu ll le n g t h and Width of the working platform. Such overhead protection shall he located m o t more than 10 feet above the surface of the working platform. Such overhead protection shall not be used to support any person, material, tools or equipment. (j) Safety railings. (1) The open sides of all scaffold platforms, except those platforms listed in the exception below, shall he provided with safety railings. constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule). Exceptions: Any scaffold platform, with an elevation of not more than seven feet; the platforms of needle beam scaf folds; floats and rivet heater platforms in use by structural Ironworkers; ladder jack scaffold plat forms; and trestle and extension trestle ladder scaf fold platforms. (2) All scaffolds under which any person is likely to work or pass shall be provided with a w ire mesh screen o f not less than No. 18 TJ.S. gage steel w ith openings that will reject a one-inch diameter ball. Such wire mesh screen sh all be installed between the toeboard and the top guard rail on both ends and on th e outboard side of the scaffold platform. (3) Any end or side of any scaffold platform that is located within six fe e t horizontally of an unenclosed side of a material hoist tower, construction elevator or similar moving equipment shall be effectively screened to a height of a t le a st six feet above the scaffold platform. Such screen shall be constructed of w ire mesh of not less than No. 18 U.S. gage steel with openings that w ill reject a one-inch diameter ball. (k) Splices. Horizontal load-bearing members of any scaffold shall not be spliced between points o f support. Historical Note See. added, filed May SO, 1972 eff. June 1 , 1972. Derisions 2. Maintaining scaffold w ithout overhead protection After one of its employees was struck <amd killed by falling object while working on scaffold on sixth floor of 24-story build ing, defendant masonry contractor woe properly charged with and found guilty of maintaining scaffold without overhead pro- teotion in violation of occupational health and safety standards (12 NYCKR 23-1.7 [.HI], 23-5.1B3). State plan of occupational health and safety standards has not been pre-empted by Federal Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. People v. Rosen t Sons, 79 Mise 2d 328 (1974). 591 D B 11-80-75  23-5.2 TTTCB 12 liA J S C 'R 23-5.2 Approval required. The use of any scaffold of a ty p e not nam ed, s p e d " fied or described In this Part (rule) Is prohibited unless su c h scaffold h a s t e e n granted a special approval. Historical Note Sec. added} filed May 30, 1972 eff. Juno 1, 1972. 23-5.3 General provisions for metal scaffolds, (a) A pplication of th is s e c t i o n . This section applies to all scaffolds constructed of m etal except mobile typ es. (b) Special approval required. A n y metal scaffold erected after June 1, 1 9 7 2 t o a height exceeding 125 feet above the ground, grade or equivalent surface s h a l l r i o t be placed in service until such scaffold has been granted a special approval. "XMie plans and specifications for any such scaffold shall be subm itted to th e h oard . f such approval (c) Strength, and factor of safety. The total of live and dead loads i m p o s e d o n any scaffold assembly shall not exceed one-quarter o f the ultim ate stren g th off t i r e members as determined by actual test. (d) Minimum uniform live loads. (1) Metal scaffolds sh all be d e sig n ed a n d constructed to support safely all loads intended to be im posed thereon, b u t i n n o case shall such scaffolds be designed or constructed to support uniform liv e l o a d s of less than the following: (i) Light duty scaffolds--25 pounds per square foot. (ii) Medium duty scaffolds--50 pounds per square fo o t. (iii) Heavy duty scaffolds--75 pounds per square fo o t. (2) Metal scaffolds designed and constructed for particular ty p es o f w o r k shall support uniformly distributed live loads in accordance w ith the f o llo w in g -: (i) Stone masons--75 pounds per square foot. (ii) Stone setters (no stone on scaffold)--25 pounds per square fo o t. (iii) Bricklayers--50 pounds per square foot. (iv) Stucco applicators--50 pounds per square foot. (v) Lathers and plasterers--50 pounds per square fo o t. (vi) Carpenters--25 pounds per square foot. (vii) Miscellaneous (no material on scaffold)--25 pounds per square f o o t . (3) In addition to such live loads, m etal scaffolds sh all b e designed a n d c o n structed to support the dead loads, such a s platforms, fram es, safety r a ilin g s a n d ,,other members. (e) Safety railings. Safety railings constructed and installed in com pliance w i t h , this Part (rule) shall be provided for every metal scaffold. (f) Access. Ladders, stairs or ramps shall be provided fo r access to and e g r e s s from the platform levels of metal scaffolds which are located more th a n tw o f e e t above or below the ground, grade, floor or other equivalent le v e l (g) Footings. (1) Footings for metal scaffolds shall be sound, rigid and c a p a ble of supporting the maximum design loads o f such scaffolds without s e t t l e m e n t or deformation. Such footings shall be secure against m ovem ent in a n y d i r e c t i o n , and shall have sufficient area to properly transfer the v ertica l post or end f r a m e loads of the scaffolds to the ground, grade or equivalent su rface w ith ou t c a u s i n g any unsafe condition. (2) Metal base plates of not less than 16 square inches in area by o n e - e ig lx t h . inch in thickness shall be provided for the tubular ends o f p osts and fo r th e l e g s of end frames which are in bearing contact w ith the fo o tin g s or other s u p p o r t i n g surfaces. 592 LB 11-30-75 c h a p t e r i bo ard o f stan d a rd s an d a p pea ls 23-5.3 (3) Where the ground, grade or other supporting surface of a metal scaffold is n o t level, screw Jacks or adjustment jacks shall be used to support the tubular posts or end frames of the scaffold so that the scaffold platform bearers are level. Such adjustment jacks shall be so positioned that the threaded sections do not extend beyond the frames or parts more than 1 2 inches. (h) Tie-ins. (1) Every m etal scaffold shall be securely tied into the building or other structure a t intervals not to exceed SO feet horizontally and 26 feet vertically. IconUnuedl 692.1 123 11-80-75 CHAPTER I BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-5.4 (2) Ties to any window cleaners' anchors are prohibited. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eit. June 1, 1972. 2 3 -5 .4 Tubular welded frame scaffolds, (a) Bracing. (1) Tubular welded fr a m e scaffolds shall be properly braced by cross bracing or diagonal bracing, or b o th , for securing vertical members together laterally. Such braces shall be of s u c h length a s will automatically square and align the vertical members of such scaffold s so th at when erected such scaffolds are plumb, square and rigid. All b races shall be securely connected. (2) E very tubular welded frame scaffold erected after June 1, 1B72 to a height in excess of 26 feet shall be provided with continuous vertical cross-bracing on th e inboard and outboard sides of the scaffold except as follows: (i) Vertical cross-bracing may be omitted at the working level of any such scaffold. Such vertical bracing may be omitted between alternate pairs o f scaffold frames on the inboard side of any such scaffold for a maximum of tw o w orking levels. (ii) Tower bracing may be used in which case each separate tower shall b e provided with continuous vertical cross-bracing for the full height on both th e inboard and outboard sides. The vertical cross-bracing may be omitted on th e inboard side of the uppermost working level only. Adjacent towers of the scaffold shall be tied together on both the inboard and outboard sides by con tinuous horizontal members that extend the full length of the scaffold. Such horizontal members shall be placed at every level where building or structure tie-ins are required by paragraph 23-5.3 (h)(1) of this Subpart. C3) D iagonal horizontal bracing shall be provided at every level where build in g or structure tie-ins are required. (b ) Scaffold frames. (1) Coupling pins, sprockets or other safe positive cou p le r s shall be used to connect scaffold frames at every vertical frame extension. (2 ) Each, frame leg shall have a positive lock or fastener to hold one frame m em b er to th e other vertically. (3 ) The spacing of frame members of tubular welded frame scaffolds shall n o t exceed th e following limits except for special conditions where trusses or o th e r means o f bracing insure the required factor of safety of such scaffolds: (i) The maximum permissible frame spacing for heavy duty scaffolds shall be up to and including six feet. (ii) The maximum permissible frame spacing for medium duty scaffolds shall be up to and including eight feet. (iii) The maximum permissible frame spacing for light duty scaffolds shall b e up to and including 1 0 feet. ( c ) B rackets. Brackets shall be supported by the vertical members of the scaf fold fram es. Brackets shall not be more than 30 inches in width. When a bracket is u s e d to extend the width of the frame on any side of a Bcaffold normally requiring a s a f e t y railing, provision shall be made in the outer end of such bracket for a safety railing post. ( d ) S a fety railing posts. Each safety railing post installed on a tubular welded fra m e scaffold shall fit over a coupling pin or sprocket connected to the outer end of a n end fram e leg, or shall fit into a frame leg not less than four inches. Such post sh a ll be securely fastened to the end frame of the scaffold by a positive locking device. 598 LB 5-81-72  23-5.5 TITLE 12 LABOR (e) Mtal trusses. (1) Where metal trusses are used on any tubular welded frame scaffold, such trusses shall he provided with sufficient supports for the i platform planks between the scaffold frames. | (2) Any metal truss used to span a gap in a tubular welded frame scaffold shall have a strength capacity sufficient to provide the required factor of safety. (3) Where trusses are used on tubular welded frame scaffolds erected to a height of more than 60 feet, such scaffolds shall be designed by a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York. Copies of the design drawings for any such scaffold shall be kept at the scaffold installation site avail- j able for examination by the commissioner. Historical Note Sec. added, fled Hay 30, 1972 eff. June 1,1972. 2 3 - 5 .5 Tube and coupler m eta l scaffolds, (a) Structural members. The structural members of tube and coupler scaffolds shall ibe constructed of steel tubing. (b) Couplers. (1) All vertical, horizontal and diagonal members of tube and coupler metal scaffolds shall be securely fastened together with approved safe locking devices to form positive connections. (2) The use of grey cast iron fittings in such scaffolds is prohibited. (c) Burners. (1) Every tube and coupler metal scaffold shall be provided with a ledger or runner of metal tubing locked end to end with fittings to form a continuous length of the scaffold. Such runner shall be secured to each inter secting post of the scaffold with approved couplers or clamps. (2) Runners shall be placed not more than six feet, six inches on centers vertically. (3) The bottom runner of any such scaffold shall be located as close to the base of the scaffold as possible. (d) Bearers or putlogs. (1) The bearers or putlogs of such scaffolds shall be installed transversely between the posts. They shall be securely coupled to the posts and shall bear on the runner couplers. When such bearers or putlogs are coupled directly to the runners, the couplers shall be kept as close to the posts as possible. (2 ) The bearers or putlogs shall be located at each set of posts, at each level and at each intermediate level where a working platform has been installed. (3) Each bearer or putlog shall be of sufficient length to provide an overhang of at least four inches hut not more than 1 2 inches beyond the inside and outside posts. (e) Bracing. (1) Cross bracing shall be installed across the width of every tube and coupler scaffold at every third set of posts horizontally and at every fourth runner vertically. Such bracing shall extend diagonally from the inner and outer runners in an upward direction to the next outer and inner runners. (2) Longitudinal bracing shall be installed on every tube and coupler scaffold. Such bracing shall run from a point near the base of the first outer post upward at an approximate 45 degree angle to the extreme top of the scaffold. (3) Where the length of the scaffold continues beyond such longitudinal bracing, such bracing shall be duplicated, beginning at every fifth post. (4) In a similar manner, such longitudinal bracing shall also be Installed to run from a point near the base of the last post upward at an approximate 45 degree angle toward the first post to the extreme top of the scaffold. (5) Where the height of any such scaffold is greater than its length, addi tional longitudinal bracing shall be installed a t a point on the first post a t tKe 594 LB 5-31-72 CHAPTER I BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-5.6 same elevation as the top of the lower longitudinal bracing. Such additional bracing shall run in an upward direction at an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the top of the scaffold. Such additional bracing shall also be installed in a similar manner starting from the outer end or last post a t the same elevation. (6 ) Where conditions prevent the attachment of such longitudinal bracing to the posts, such bracing may be attached to the runners of the scaffold. (f) Light duty tube and coupler scaffolds. All posts, bearers, runners and bracing used for light duty tube and coupler scaffolds shall be constructed of nominal two-inch O.D. steel tubing. The posts of any such scaffold shall be spaced not more than six feet apart by 1 0 feet along the length of the scaffold. (g) Medium duty tube and coupler scaffolds. All posts, runners and bracing of medium duty tube and coupler scaffolds shall be constructed of nominal two-inch O.D. steel tubing. Where the posts are spaced not more than six feet apart by eight feet along the length of such scaffold, the bearers shall be constructed of nominal two and one-half Inch O.D. steel tubing. Where the posts are spaced not more than five feet apart by eight feet along the length of such scaffold, the bearers shall be constructed of nominal two-inch O.D. steel tubing. (h) Heavy duty tube and coupler scaffolds. All posts, bearers, runners and bracing o f heavy duty tube and coupler scaffolds shall be constructed of nominal two and one-half inch O.D. steel tubing. The posts of such a scaffold shall be spaced not more than six feet apart by six feet, six inches along the length of the scaffold. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30. 1972 eff. June 1, 1972. 2 3 - 5 .6 Ple scaffolds, (a) Poles. The foot end of any pole used in a pole scaffold shall rest on firm footing and shall be secured against lateral movement by nailing, the use of cleats or by any other effective means. Where wood poles are spliced, the ends shall be square and the upper sections shall rest squarely on the lower sections. Wood splicing pieces shall be provided on at least two adjacent sides and shall be not less than three feet in length. They shall overlap the abutting ends by an equal distance and shall have a combined cross-sectional area of not less than 50 percent of the cross-sectional area of the pole. (b) Putlogs. Every wood putlog shall be reinforced with a substantial steel strip secured to the lower edge of the putlog throughout the entire length of such putlog. (c) Bracing. Every pole scaffold shall be braced or attached to the building or other structure to prevent movement of the scaffold away from such building or other structure. Diagonal bracing shall be provided to prevent the poles from mov ing in a direction parallel to the wall of the building or other structure. Diagonal bracing shall be so installed that every spliced section of every pole is connected with the adjacent poles. (d) Connections. (X) The ends of all horizontal wood supporting members and of all braces shall overlap the nail fastenings a sufficient amount to prevent the ends of such members from splitting. (2) Where bearers rest on a wall of a building or other structure, the length of the bearing surfaces on such wall shall be at least four inches. Such bearers shall rest on firm and level surfaces. (3) Where ledgers lap each other, bearing blocks or other effective means attached to the poles shall be provided to support such ledgers. Ledgers shall not be spliced between poles, but shall be continuous from pole to pole. (e) Planking. Where planking is lapped on a pole scaffold, each plank shall lap its end supports at least 12 inches. Where the ends o f planks on a pole scaffold abut 595 LB 5-31-72 1 23-5.6 T IT L E 12 LABOR each other to form a flush floor the butt joints shall be at the center lines of the poles. The abutted ends shall rest on separate bearers. Intermediate beams shall be provided where necessary to prevent the dislodgment of planks because of deflection and the ends of the planks shall be secured to prevent their dislodgment. (ft Pole scaffold erection and removal. When a new working level is desired, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new working level is framed. As the scaffold is abandoned with the progress of the work, all supporting members shall be left intact. When a pole scaffold is dismantled the sequence of the removal of members shall be in reverse of that used in the erection of such scaffold. (g) Specification requirements or pole scaffolds. Any wood pole scaffold ove 80 feet in height above the ground, grade or equivalent surface shall be designed by a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York and shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with such design. A copy of the drawings and specifications for such scaffold shall be kept at the job site available for exam ination by the commissioner. The wood of any such scaffold shall be treated to make it incombustible as defined in Industrial Code Part (rule) 7. Wood pole scaffolds 80 feet or less in height above the ground, grade or equivalent surface shall be con structed in conformity with Tables V, VI, VII, VUI, IX, and X of this Subpart. TABLE V LIGHT DITTY SINGLE POLE SCAFFOLDS Minimum Nominal Sizes in Inches and Maximum Spacing of Members Type of use Uniformly distributed load Maximum height of scaffold Poles or uprights Pole spacing (longitudinal) Maximum width of scaffold Light duty Not to exceed 25 pounds per sq. ft. 2 0 ft. 80 ft. 2x4 4x4 6 ft. 1 0 ft. 5 ft. Bearers or putlogs (min.) To 3 ft. width To 5 ft. width Ledgers With 6 ft. pole spacing With 10 ft. pole spacing Vertical spacing of horizontal members Bracing (horizontal and diagonal) Tic-ins Planking Not more than 6 ft. span Not more than 10 ft. span 2 x 4 on edge 3 x 4 or 2 x 6 on edge 114 x 4 on edge 114 x 9 on edge 7 ft. 1x4 1x4 114 x 9 2x9 596 LB 5-31-72 1F CHAPTER T BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-5.6 TABLE VI MEDIUM DUTY SINGLE POLE SCAFFOLDS Minimum Nominal Sizes in Inches and Maximum Spacing of Members Type o] use Uniformly distributed load Maximum height of scaffold Poles or uprights Maximum width of scaffold Pole spacing (longitudinal) Bearers or putlogs Spacing of bearers or putlogs Ledgers Vertical spacing of horizontal members Bracing (horizontal) Medium duty Not to exceed 50 pounds per sq. ft. 60 ft. 80 ft. Top 60 ft. Lower sect. 4x4 4x4 4x6 5 ft. 8 ft. 8 ft. 3 x 4 on edge 3 x 5 or 2 x 9 on edge 3 ft.-4 in. 6 ft. 2 x 9 on edge 9 ft. 1 X 6 or 114 x 4 Bracing (diagonal) Tie-ins Planking 1x4 1x4 2x9 TABLE VII HEAVY DUTY SINGLE POLE SCAFFOLDS Minimum Nominal Sizes in Inches and Maximum Spacing of Members Type of use Uniformly distributed load Maximum height of scaffold Poles or uprights Pole spacing (longitudinal) Maximum width of scaffold Bearers or putlogs Spacing of bearers or putlogs Ledgers Vertical spacing of horizontal members Bracing (horizontal and diagonal) Tie-ins Planking Heavy duty Not to exceed 75 pounds per sq. ft. 60 ft. 80 ft. Top 60 ft. Lower sect. 4x4 4x4 4 x6 6 ft. 5 ft. 8 ft. 3 x 5 or 2 x 9 on edge 3 x 6 or 2 x 9 on edge 6 ft. 2 X 9 on edge 6 ft.-6 In. 2x4 1x4 2x9 597 LB 5-31-72  23-5.6 TITLE 12 LABOR TABLE V n i LIGHT DUTY INDEPENDENT POLE SCAFFOLDS Minimum Nominal Sizes in Inches and Maximum Spacing of Members Type of use Uniformly distributed load Maximum height of scaffold Poles or uprights Pole spacing (longitudinal) Pole spacing (transverse) Ledgers Vertical spacing of horizontal members Bearers--to 3 ft. span to 1 0 ft. span Bracing (horizontal and diagonal) Tie-ins Planking Not more than 6 ft. span Not more than 10 ft. span Light duty Not to exceed 25 pounds per sq. f t 2 0 ft. 80 f t 2x4 4 x4 6 ft. 1 0 ft. 6 ft. 1 0 ft. IK x 4 on edge IK x 9 on edge 7 ft 2 x 4 on edge IK x 9 on edge 1x4 1 4 IK x 9 2x9 TABLE IX MEDIUM DUTY INDEPENDENT POLE SCAFFOLDS Minimum Nominal Sizes In Inches and Maximum Spacing of Members Type of use Uniformly distributed load Maximum height of scaffold Poles or uprights Pole spacing (longitudinal) Pole spacing (transverse) Ledgers Vertical spacing of horizontal members Spacing of bearers Bearers Bracing (horizontal) Bracing (diagonal) Tie-ins Planking Medium duty Not to exceed 50 pounds per sq. ft. 60 f t 80 ft. Top 60 ft. Lower sect. 4x4 4x4 4x6 8 ft 1 0 ft. 2 x 9 on edge 6 ft. 6 ft 2 x 9 on edge 1 x 6 or U4 x 4 1x4 1x4 2x9 598 LB 5-31-72 CHAPTER I BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-5.7 TABLE X HEAVY DUTY INDEPENDENT POLE SCAFFOLDS Minimum Nominal Sizes in Inches and Maximum Spacing of Members Type of use Uniformly distributed load Maximum height of scaffold Poles or uprights Pole spacing (longitudinal) Pole spacing (transverse) Ledgers Vertical spacing of horizontal members Bearers Bracing (horizontal and diagonal) Tie-ins Planking Heavy duty Not to exceed 75 pounds per sq. ft. 60 ft. 80 ft. Top 60 ft. Lower sect. 4x4 4x4 4x6 6 ft. 10 ft. 2 x 9 on edge 4 ft.-6 in 2 x 9 on edge 2x4 1x4 2x9 Historical Not Sec. added, filed May 30, 1672 eff. June 1. 1972. 2 3 . 5 . 7 Outrigger scaffolds, (a) Outrigger beams. Outrigger beams shall extend not more than six feet beyond the face of the building or other structures. The inboard ends of outrigger beams, measured from the fulcrum points to the extrem e inboard points of support, shall be not less than one and one-half times the outboard ends in length. Any wood beams used as outriggers shall rest on their least dimensions. The sides of any such wood beam shall be plumb and the edges shall be horizontal. The fulcrum point of any outrigger beam shall rest on a secure bearing which is at least six inches in each horizontal dimension. Every outrigger beam shall be secured in place against movement in any direction and shall be securely braced at the fulcrum point against tipping. (b) Inboard, supports. The inboard ends of outrigger beams shall be securely supported either by means of struts bearing against the sills in contact with an overhead structure or by means of anchoring tension members such as U-bolts secured to the structural frame of the building or other structure. The inboard ends of outrigger beams shall be secured against tipping and the entire supporting struc tures shall be securely braced in both directions to prevent any horizontal move ment of such structures. (c) Design and construction, fit Unless outrigger scaffolds are designed by a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York, the mini mum sizes of the members of such scaffolds shall be in accordance with Table X I of this Subpart. (2) Any outrigger scaffold designed by a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York shall be constructed to conform to such design. A copy of the detailed drawings and specifications showing the sizes and spacing of the members of such scaffold shall be kept at the job site available for examination by the commissioner. 599 LB 5-31-72  2 3-5.8 * * LABO (d) Planking. The planking of every outrigger scaffold p la t e ,or*vw tight and shall extend to within three inches of the wall of the *1 . . I t b e laid o r other structure. Such planking shall he nailed or bolted to the outrigg-e *-s (e) Screening. Where there is a danger of material or o b j any outrigger scaffold, such scaffold shall be provided with wire Jli^ST from c r c e n i n g in compliance with this Part (rule) installed between the guard rail toeboard. TABLE XI MINIMUM SPECIFICATIONS FOR OUTRIGGER S C A . T i ^ . j ^ o i S Maximum L o a d .......................... Outrigger Size-- Lumber .................................. Steel ....................................... Aluminum .............................. Maximum Outrigger Spacing-- Lumber ................................. Steel--7" I -b e a m .................. Aluminum--10 I 8.7 ............ Planking .................................... Guard R a il.................................. Guard Rail U p r ig h ts................ Toeboards .................................. Light duty scaffolds 25 lbs. per sq. ft. 2 "x 10" 7" I-beam 10 I 8.7 10' - 0" 10' - 0" 1 0 ' xO'' 2" x 9'' 2 " x4" 2 " x i" 2 " x 6 '' 3 " 3-0" I --b e a m l O I 8 -7 6 ' 5C O" S ' 3C O" &' O" 3 " 3C 9 " X 4" 2 " X 4" 2 " X 9" (f) Superstructures. All supports for superstructures i n s t a l l e d o n o u t r i g g e r scaffolds shall be placed directly over the outrigger beams and s l u a . i l "toe n a i l e d or otherwise secured In place. Such superstructures shall not ex ceed s i x f e e t i n h e ig h t above the outrigger beam supports and shall otherwise c o n f o r m w i t h t h i s F art (rule). In no case shall horses be used as supports for such s u p e r s t r u c t u r e s . Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972. 2 3 - 5 .8 A" suspended scaffolds, (a) Inspection before i n s t c c Z l c L t i o n . A l l loadcarrying parts or components and means of suspension including a d e q u a c y o f a n c h o r age or support of every suspended scaffold shall be inspected b e f o r e s u c h s c a f f o l d is installed. (b) Suspension from roof hooks or irons. No parapet, c u r t a i n w a l l o r sim ila r portion of a building or other structure shall be used to support t h e r o o f h o o k s or irons of any suspended scaffold unless a professional engineer l i c e n s e d t o p r a c t i c e in the State of New York certifies that such parapet, curtain wall o r s i m i l a r p o r t i o n of a building or other structure is adequate to support the loads i n t e n c l e c l t o t > e im p o se d thereon. Such certification shall be kept on the job site available f o r e x a m i n a t i o n by the commissioner. (c) Installation and use. (1) The installation or horizontal c h a n g e i n p o s itio n of every suspended scaffold shall be in charge of and under t h e d i r e c t s u p e r v i s i o n of a designated person. (2 ) The horizontal displacement of any suspended s c a f f o l d P l a t f o r m in a direction perpendicular to the face of a building or other structure toy m e a n s of an applied horizontal force shall not exceed one-tenth of t h e v e r t i c a l d is ta n c e from the elevation of the scaffold platform to its point of s u s p e n s io n . A n y p erso n who applies such horizontal force to a scaffold platform while I r e i s l o c a t e d o n any portion of the building or other structure at a point more t h a n 3 . 0 f e e t a b o v e the ground, grade or equivalent surface shall be provided w ith a n < ^ s h . a . 1 1 u s e an approved safety belt with a lifeline in compliance with this p s c r t t t o a l e } _ 600 LB 5-31-72 CHAPTER I BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-5.9 (d) Hoisting machines. (1) A ny manual or power-operated hoisting machine used for suspended scaffolds shall be approved. (2) A block and tackle shall not be construed to be a hoisting machine and is not required to he approved. (3) A t least four turns of the suspension wire rope shall a t all times remain on the drum. The end of such rope shall be properly secured to the drum. The foregoing requirement does not apply to traction type hoists. (e) Fibre rope. Fibre ropes used with suspended scaffolds shall be first grade manila hemp or its equivalent in strength. Blocks shall be of a size to fit the ropes. (f) Limited m e of fibre rope. (1) Fibre rope shall not be used for or near any work involving the use of corrosive substances or chemicals. (2) Fibre rope shall not be used as a means of suspension in lengths exceed ing 1 0 0 feet between blocks. (3) Fibre rope shall not be used on hoisting drums. (g) Tie-ins. Every suspended scaffold shall be tied in to the building or other structure at every working level. Window cleaners' anchors shall not be used for such tie-ins and other means shall be provided. (h) Scaffold platform. The planking of every suspended scaffold platform shall overlap its support in compliance with this Part (rule). Such planking shall be either nailed in place or otherwise secured against displacement. Where such planks rest directly upon stirrups without any intermediate supporting frames, they shall be secured together by means of cleats nailed to the undersides at intervals not ex ceeding four feet. Cleats or other equivalent means shall be provided on each side of the supporting stirrups under the planks to prevent sliding or any movement of the planks. Historical N ote Sec. added, filed Hay 30, 197Z eff. June 1,1972. 2 3 - 5 .9 Two-point suspension scaffolds, (a) W idth and fastening. Two-point suspension scaffold platforms shall be not less than 20 inches nor more than 32 inches in width. Every such platform shall be of sufficient width to properly fit the hangers and shall be securely fastened thereto hy U-bolts which pass around the hangers or by other equivalent means. (b) Hangers. The platforms of two-point suspension scaffolds shall rest on hangers fabricated of mild steel or wrought iron, each having a cross-sectional area capable of sustaining four times the maximum rated load. Such hangers shall he designed with supports for guard rails, intermediate rails and toeboards. (c) Roof irons. Roof irons or hooks used in connection with two-point suspen sion scaffolds shall be constructed of mild steel or wrought iron and shall be securely anchored. They shall be provided with tie-backs of at least three-quarters inch manila rope so installed that the tension is at right angles to the face of the building or other structure. Where the upper block hook does not directly engage the roof iron, the connection shall be made by Improved plow steel wire rope not less than one-half inch in diameter. (d) Safety railings and screening. The open sides of two-point suspension scaf folds shall be provided; with safety railings constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule). In addition, such safety railings shall be provided with wire mesh installed from the toeboards to the top railings. Such wire mesh shall be not less than No. 18 U.S. gage steel with openings that will reject a one-inch diameter ball. (e) Use of two-point suspension soaffolds. (1) Two or more such scaffolds shall not be combined into one by bridging the distance between them. Persons shall not pass from one two-point suspension scaffold to another. N ot more than SOI L B 5-31-72  23-5.9 TTTLB 12 LABOR two persons shall be permitted to work on any two-point suspension scaffold at one time unless such scaffold Is specially approved and such use is stated in such approval. (2) Every person located on any two-point suspension scaffold shall be pro vided with and shall bo required to use an approved safety belt or harness to gether with a separate hanging lifeline in compliance with this Part (rule). (f) Suspension ropes. (1) When hoisting machines are used for any two-point suspension scaffold, the wire rope shall be at least five-sixteenths inch in diameter and capable of supporting at least six times the intended load. (2) All fibre rope used for two-point suspension scaffolds shall be at least equivalent in strength to three-quarter inch first grade manila rope. (g) Platform requirements. Wood platforms of two-point suspension scaffolds shall comply with one of the following requirements. Metal platforms or other plat forms not in compliance w ith this Part (rule) shall be approved. (1) Ladder type platform s. (1) The side stringers of the horizontal sup porting ladder shall be constructed of clear spruce or other material of equiva lent strength and durability. The rungs shall be constructed of straight grained oak, ash or hickory not less than one and one-eighth inches in diameter with seven-eights inch tenons mortised into the side stringers a t least seveneighths of an inch. The stringers bail be tied together with metal tie rods not less than one-quarter inch in diameter. Such tie rods shall pass through the stringers and shall be riveted tight against washers a t both ends. Hangers shall be securely fastened to the platforms not less than six inches nor more than 18 inches from either end by means of U-bolts at the bottom supporting member. Such TJ-bolts shall pass over the side rails of the platforms. (See Tables XU and XTTT of this Subpart.) (ii) The flooring strips of ladder type platforms shall be spaced so th any opening in the platform floors will reject a three-quarter inch diameter ball. Ladder type platforms shall be constructed in accordance with the sched ules listed in Tables X U and X m o f this Subpart. (2) Plank type platform s. Plank type platforms shall be constructed of planks not less than two inches in thickness and eight inches in width, full size. Such planks shall extend not less than six inches nor more than 18 inches beyond the supporting hangers. A bar shall be nailed across the platform on the under side at each end to prevent the platform from slipping off the hangers. Where two or more planks are used, they shall be fastened together by cleats not less than one inch by six inches in size. Such cleats shall be nailed on the underside at intervals of not more than four fe e t Planks used for such platforms shall not be spliced. Any span between supports shall not exceed 10 fe e t (3) Beam platforms. Beam platforms shall have stringers constructed of straight-grained lumber not less than two inches by six inches full size set on edge. The stringers shall be supported on the hangers and the clear spans be tween hangers shall not exceed 16 feet. The ends of the stringers shall extend beyond the hangers not less than six inches nor more than 18 inches. The string ers shall be bolted to the hangers by means of U-bolts which pass around the hangers and through the stringers. The platforms shall be supported on cross beams not less than two inches by six inches full size which are laid flat and let into the upper edges of the stringers at intervals of not more than four feet. Such cross-beams shall lit snugly and shall be securely nailed in place with screw-type nails. The platforms shall be constructed of lumber not less than one inch by six inches in size, nailed tight together and extended to the outside faces of the stringers. The ends of all platform boards shall rest on the cross-beams and shall be securely nailed thereto. 602 LB 6-81-72 CHAPTER I BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-5.9 TABLE XII SCHEDULE FOR LADDER TYPE PLATFORMS Platform Length (Feet) Side Stringers--Minimum Cross-Section (Finished S iz e s-- Inches) (a) A t Ends (b) A t Middle Reinforcement (Minimum) Rungs Tie Rods-- (a) Number (Minimum) (b) Diameter Flooring Materials Side Rails Rungs IS V, A 16 IS <20 <* 8 A 30 134 X2% 134 x2% 1% x 3 1% x 3 134 x314 1% x-334 1% x334 1% x 4 134 x 414 134 x 414 A %-in. x Tii-in. steel reinforcing strip or its equivalent shall be attached to the underside, full length. Rungs shall be 1^ inches minimum diameter with at least %-ln. diameter tenons, and the maximum spacing shall be 18 inches, center to center. 3 4 4 5 6 Minimum diameter--14-in. The minimum finished size of flooring shall be %-in. x 2% -in. Clear sitka spruce; west coast hemlock; Douglas fir. Straight grain hickory, ash or oak. TABLE XIII SCHEDULE FOR LADDER TYPE PLATFORMS FOR EXTENSION TRESTLE AND TRESTLE SCAFFOLDS Platform Length (Feet) Cross-Section (Inches)--- Tapered -- Ends Middle No Taper Reinforcement io -n 6 18-20 BS-24 6-88 134 x 3 134x314 134 x 314 134 x3% -- 1% x 3 1% x314 134 x334 134 x 414 -- 134 x 3 134x314 134 x 314 134 x 4 1% x 414 A '/-in. x 34-in. steel reinforcing strip or its equivalent shall be attached to the underside of each side rail, full length. Rungs Rungs shall be 1-3/16 inches minimum diameter with at least 34-in. diameter tenons, and the maximum spacing shall be 14 inches, center to center. Tie Rods Flooring 5/16-ln. diameter spaced at every fourth rung. Minimum finished flooring size: 14-in. x 1%-in. Materials Side Rails Rungs Clear sitka spruce; west coast hemlock; Douglas fir. Straight grain hickory, ash or oak. H isto rical N ote Sec. added, filed May 30. 1972 elf. June 1. 1972. 602.1 LB 5-31-72 2 3-5 .1 0 TITLE 12 LABOR 2 3 -5 .1 0 Multiple-point suspension scaffolds, (a) Design. (1) Every mul tiple-point suspension scaffold, including all its supports and fastenings, shall be designed by a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York. A copy of the typical drawings and all specifications, signed by such professional engineer, shall be kept on the job site available for examination by the commis sioner. (2) Every multiple-point suspension scaffold shall be designed and constructed with a factor of safety in compliance with the Labor Law and this Part (rule), except that wire ropes supporting the platform shall be at least five-sixteenths inch in diameter and capable of supporting at least six times the load intended to be imposed on such scaffold. (3) Every multiple-point suspension scaffold shall be provided with an ap proved hoisting machine. (4) Outrigger beams and platform bearers of multiple-point suspension scaf folds shall be constructed of structural grade metal. A detailed inspection of each such beam or bearer shall be made prior to installation and use and such inspec tion shall be repeated at intervals of not more than 30 days during scaffold use. Such inspections shall be made by competent designated persons who shall com plete and sign a written record of the results of each such inspection. Such w rit ten record shall be kept at the job site available for examination by the com missioner. (5) Platform supports of multiple-point suspension scaffolds shall be designed to provide sufficient headroom for easy passage throughout the lengths of such scaffolds. (6) Effective means shall be provided to prevent rope supports from slipping off the ends of the outrigger beams. (b) Installation of multiple-point suspension scaffolds. (1) Each such scaffold shall be installed in accordance with the required design drawings. Any installa tion or relocation of a multiple-point suspension scaffold shall be bv or under the direct supervision of a competent designated person. (2) The overhang of outrigger beams on such scaffolds shall at no tim e exceed that specified on the required design drawings. (3) Outrigger beams shall be properly anchored and braced to provide rigidity and to prevent sliding or tipping. (4) Supporting points for outrigger beams shall be level, smooth and o f sufficient areas to provide firm seats. (5) Wire rope connections shall be in compliance with this Part (rule). A t least four turns of the wire rope shall remain on the hoisting drum at all tim es. The foregoing does not apply to traction type hoists. (6) The hosting rope of every multiple-point suspension scaffold shall h e maintained properly lubricated. (c) Scaffold platform. The platform of every medium duty multiple-point su s pension scaffold shall be at least equivalent in strength to two-inch planking, fu ll size. Such planking shall be laid tight and shall be fastened in place or cleated to prevent dislodgment. Light duty multiple-point suspension scaffolds shall be provided with ladder type platforms constructed in accordance with the schedule listed in Table XU of this Subpart and securely fastened to the hangers by U-bolts or other equivalent means. (d) Safety railings and screening. (1) The open side and ends of every m ul tiple-point suspension scaffold shall be provided with a safety railing constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule). In addition, every such sa fe ty 602.2 L B 5-31-72 CHAPTER I BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 2 3 -5 _-j ^ railing shall be provided with an enclosure of wire mesh installed fro m toeboard to the top railing. Such wire mesh shall be not less than No. 18 TX.igj^ gage steel with openings that will reject a one-inch diameter ball. (2) The inboard side (side next to the building or other structure) of e v e i v multiple-point suspension scaffold shall be provided with a toeboard. (e) Overhead protection. Where there is a hazard from falling objects o r r r ia _ terials, multiple-point suspension scaffolds shall be provided with overhead p r o t e c t i o n in compliance with this Part (rule). (f) Scaffold dismantling. When a multiple-point suspension scaffold is l o s i n g dismantled and the scaffold platform is not lowered intact to the ground or other safe surface, each person performing such dismantling shah be provided with, ti.-n.ci shall use an approved safety belt or harness together with a lifeline in c o m p l i a n c e with this Part (rule). Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972. 2 3 -5 .1 1 Needle beam scaffolds, (a) Use of needle beam, scaffolds. N e e d l e beam scaffolds shall be used only for the support of persons performing r i v e t i n g , plastering, painting and other similar work. Needle beam scaffolds shall not b e m s e d . for the storage of materials. (b) Scaffold platform supports. Wood needle beams shall not be less than f o u r inches by six inches in size and shall be so placed that the greater dim ension, i s vertical. They shall be of one length and shall not be spliced. Such beams s h a l l t o e provided with intermediate supports or hangers in such manner that any span s h a l l not exceed 10 feet. Where metal beams are used for needle beam scaffold p l a t f o r m supports, such beams shall be at least equal In strength to the four inch by s ix i n c h wood beams. (c) Hope. Rope used for the support of needle beams shall be eq u iv a len t i n strength to one-inch diameter first grade manila rope. Such rope shall be a tta .e lr .e d . to the needle beams with "square hitches" which shall be so tied on r e c t a n g u l a r beams as to prevent such beams from rolling or otherwise becoming d i s p l a c e d . Mechanical stops such as cleats or pins shall be used to prevent the ropes f r o m slipping off the ends of the beams. (d) Scaffold platform. (1) The platform planks for needle beam s c a f f o l d s shall not be less than two inches in thickness full size. Platform planks s h a . l l extend not less than 12 Inches beyond any support nor more than 18 i n c h e s beyond any end support (2) The dimension of any needle beam scaffold platform in a direction p a r a l l e l to the needle beams shall be not less than three feet nor more than six fe e t. (3) When needle beam scaffolds are U3ed with one beam higher than, f i x e other or where the platform planks are not level, the platform shall be s e c u r e d against slipping. (e) Containers for tools. Suitable containers for tools, bolts and similar o b j e c t s shall be provided for every needle beam scaffold Such containers shall be s e c u r e l y attached to the scaffolds. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1372 eff. June 1,1972. 2 3 -5 .1 2 Horse scaffolds, (a) Limitation of height. Horse scaffolds s h a ll n o t be constructed with more than two tiers of horses and the height of the w o r ld n g r platforms of such scaffolds shall not exceed 10 fe e t 602.3 JIB  23-5 .13 TITHE 1 2 X5-A-B0R (b) Installation of horse scaffolds. The fo o tin g s for horses shall b e l e v e l and secure against accidental movement in any d irection. W here horse scaFo l< ^s 816 superimposed upon other types of scaffolds, th e h o rses sh a ll be placed d i r e c t l y ver supporting beams. All horse scaffolds shall be secu red ag a in st sliding or t ip i? * 11!?. (c) Construction o f horses. (1) The m inim um siz e s o f members for h o r s e scaf folds used for light duty shall be two in ch es b y fo u r inches for th e to s-ek s or bearers and one inch by four inches for the le g s a n d horizontal braces. T h e span of such backs or bearers shall not exceed fo u r feet. (2) The minimum sizes of members o f horse scaffolds used for m e c lit* 111 duty shall be one and one-quarter inches by nine in ch es fo r the hacks or bearers and one and one-quarter inches by four and one-quarter inches for the le g s a n d hori zontal braces. The span of such backs or b earers sh a ll not exceed six f e e t . (S) The minimum sizes of members o f h orse scaffolds used for h e a v y duty shall be three inches by four inches for th e b ack s o r bearers and o n e a n d onequarter inches by four and one-quarter in ch es fo r th e legs and h o r iz o n ta l braces. The span of such hacks or bearers shall n o t ex ceed s ix feet. (4) The backs or bearers of horse scaffolds sh a ll in every case r e s t o n gusset braces which are a t least one inch thick. (5) Every horse scaffold shall be provided w ith sufficient diagonal a n d hori zontal bracing to assure rigidity. (6) In lieu of wood, the legs of such h o rses m a y he constructed, o ff metal which is in every case equivalent In stren g th to th e w ood herein r e q u ir e d !. (7) Horse scaffold legs may be lengthened b y m eans o f splicing o n e x te n s io n pieces having the same cross-sectional a rea s as th e scaffold legs, p r o v i d e d such extension pieces lap the full lenghts of the sca ffo ld le g s and are se c u r e ly a tta c h e d to the legs by through bolts. (d) Horse spacing. The backs or bearers or h orses used in the c o n s t r u c t io n off scaffolds designed for loads up to 25 pounds p e r sq u are foot shall he s p a c e d , not t o exceed 10 feet, center to center. When used in scaffolds designed for lo a d s u p to 50 pounds per square foot such spacing shall n o t exceed eig h t feet, center t o center. When used in scaffolds designed for loads up to 75 pounds per square fo o t s u c h spac ing shall not exceed six feet, center to center. Historical N o te Sec. added, filed M ay 30, 1972 e ff. J u n e 1, 1972. 23 - 5.13 Carpenters' portable bracket scaffolds, (a ) Construction o f b r a c k e ts . Each supporting bracket of a carpenters' portable b rack et scaffold s h a ll c o n s is t off a triangular portable frame constructed o f w ood n o t le s s than two in c h e s toy th ree inches in cross-section or shall he constructed of m eta l of equivalent s t r e n g t h . T h e members of such brackets shall be properly fitted a n d secu rely joined. (b) Bracket installation. Each such brack et sh a ll h e attached to t h e w a l l of a. building or other structure by means of a bolt n o t le s s th a n five-eighths i n c h , i n diam eter. Such bolt shall extend through such w a ll and sh a ll be secured to d e v e lo p t h e required strength. The brackets shall be sp a ced n o t to exceed eight f e e t , c en ter t o center. Where the use of five-eighths inch d ia m eter b olts fo r such in s t a ll a t i o n s i s impractical, such brackets shall he secured b y w h a ler cleats or metal t i e s e q u iv a le n t in strength to five-eighths inch diameter bolts. (c) Loading. N o more than two persons shall occupy any given 1 6 f e e t o f a carpenters' portable bracket scaffold a t a n y o n e tim e. T he total w eig h t o f f supplies, tools, materials or equipment placed on any such scaffold in addition t o t h e occu pants shall not exceed 100 pounds. 602.4 EB 5-81-72 C H A P T E R X BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-5.1 S (d) S a f e t y railing. Where the working platform of any carpenters' portable b ra ck et sca ffo ld is elevated more than, seven feet above the ground, grade, floor or eq u iv a len t surface, such platform shall be provided with a safety railing constructed an d in s ta lle d in compliance with this Part (rule). Historical Note Sec. added, died May 30, 1972 eft. June 1, 1972. 2 3 - 5 . 1 4 Bricklayers' square scaffolds, (a) Limitation of use. Bricklayers' square sca ffo ld s shall not be used as heavy duty scaffolds. (b ) C on stru ction o f squares. (1) The squares of bricklayers' square scaffolds sh all n o t exceed five feet in width hy five feet in height. The minimum sizes of m em b ers shall not be less than those specified in Table XTV of this Subpart TABUS XTV M IN IM U M SPECIFICATION'S OP BRICKLAYERS' SQUARE SCAFFOLDS Members Dimensions B e a r e r s or horizontal m em bers...................................................... B e g s ....................................................................................................... B r a c e s a t c o rn e r s............................................. ................................ B r a c e s diagonally from center frames .'....................................... 2" f S ' 2" X 6" 1" X S" 1" X B" ( 2 ) Such squares shall he reinforced on both sides of each comer with gusset b r a c e s a t least one inch thick. Each square shall be provided with braces at least one in c h b y eight inches in size on both sides. Such braces shall extend from the c e n te r o f each' member to the canter of the adjacent member or shall he other w ise arranged to secure rigidity of the square. (c) C onstruction of scaffolding. The squares shall be set not more than five feet a p a rt f o r m edium duty scaffolds and not more than eight feet apart for light duty sca ffo ld s. One inch by eight inch diagonal bracing extending from the bottom of o n e sq u are t o the top of the next adjacent square shall he provided on both the fr o n t a n d b a ck o f every bricklayers' square scaffold. (d) Scaffold platforms. The platform planks used for such scaffolds shall he n o t le s s th a n two inches in thickness, full size. The ends of the planks shall overlap on th e b a c k s of th e squares and each such plank shall be supported by not less than th ree sq u a res. Such planks shall extend beyond the edges of the squares by not less th a n s i x in ch es nor more than 18 inches. (e) M u ltiple tiers. Bricklayers' square scaffolds shall not be constructed with m ore th a n three tiers. When erected in tiers, such scaffolds shall be so constructed t h a t t h e squares are directly one above the other. The upper tiers shall stand on con tin u ou s row s of planks laid across the next lower tier and shall be nailed securely or o th e r w ise secured so as to prevent displacement Such scaffolds shall be erected on le v e l an d firm foundations equivalent to that afforded by two-inch by nine-inch p la n k in g . Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 off. June 1,1972. 23-5.15 Beam-to scaffolds, (a) Limited use of lecm-to scaffolds. UeaM-to sc a ffo ld s sh a ll not he used or erected to a height exceeding 10 feet above the ground, g ra d e or equivalent surface. Eean-to scaffolds shall be used only as light duty scaffolds. 'Cb) Scaffold construction. The spread between the legs Of any lean-to scaffold, m ea su red at' the feet, shall be at least equal to one-half the height of such scaffold. 802.5 DB 5-31-72 2 3 -5 .1 6 : TITOE 12 LABOR The maximum span for two-inch by nine-inch planking shall be 10 feet and the maximum span for one and one-quarter inch by nine-inch planking shall be aix feet The minimum sizes of members of lean-to scaffold supports shall be as specified in Table XV of this Subpart. TABLE XV MEttMOM SPHCTBTGA.TIONS FOR LBAN-TO SCAFFOLDS Members Dimensions Horizontal bearers ................................. Legs ....................................................................................................... Braces between l e g s ............................................................. Gusset braces a t top of legs ......................................................... Half diagonal b r a c e s............................................................. maximum spans of planking: 2' x 9' ....................................................................................... 1% x 9" ....................................................................................... 2" X 5" 2" S 4 ' 1" X H" 1" X 5" 1" X R" 10 f t 6 ft Historical Note Sec. added, filed Kay 30, 1972 elf. June 1.1972. 2 3 -5 .1 6 Trestle and extension trestle ladder scaffolds, (a) Permissible scaf fold height. The elevation of working platforms of trestle and extension trestle lad der scaffolds shall not exceed 20 feet above the ground, grade, floor or equivalent surface. (b) Bracing or tie-ins required. Where the working platform of any trestle ladder scaffold is located more than 10 feet above the ground, grade, floor or equiva lent surface, the tops of such trestle or extension trestle ladders shall be tied in to the building or other structure. Such tie-ins shall be by means of rigid bracing, chains or ropes fastened securely to substantial, firm anchorages. Where such anchorages are unavailable or where such tie-ins are impossible and there is no adjacent wall, the bases of such trestle ladders shall be extended perpendicularly to the length of the working platform such distance as to provide a base dimension of not less than one-quarter of the height of the scaffold platform above such base. Cc) Scaffold platforms. Working platforms between trestles shall be equal to the width of the rungs of the extension. Where ladder type platforms are used, such platforms shall comply with the requirements listed in Table XITI of this Subpart. (d) Limitations of use. Trestle and extension trestle ladder scaffolds shall be used only for interior painting, decorating, light maintenance or similar work. Such scaffolds shall not be used for exterior work nor for work in which the equipment, supplies or materials required may hamper or endanger the persons on such scaffolds. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1.1972. 2 3 -5 .1 7 Ladder jack scaffolds, (a) Approval required. Ladder jack scaffolds shall not be used unless approved. (bl Limitations of use. Ladder jack scaffolds shall he used only as light duty scaffolds. The scaffold platform elevation of any ladder jack scaffold shall not be more than 20 feet above the floor or equivalent surface. (c) Scaffold construction. Ladders used in the construction of ladder jack sca folds shall be designed, constructed and maintained in accordance with the provi- 602.6 LB 5-81-72 CHAPTER I BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 2 3-5.19 sions of this Part (rule) pertaining to ladders. Such ladders shall be so placed, fastened or held, or shall be so equipped with acceptable means as to prevent slip ping. Platform planks shall be not less than two inches thick full size if constructed of wood. Metal planks shall be approved. Any plank used for such scaffold platform shall extend beyond any support not less than six inches nor more than 18 inches beyond any end support. The spans between supports shall not exceed eight feet. N o more than two persons shall occupy any ladder jack scaffold at one time. Historical Note S ec. a d d e d , filed M ay 30, 1972 eft. J u n e 1, 1972. 2 3 - 5 .1 8 Manually-propelled mobile scaffolds, (a) Platform planking. Scaf fold platforms for manually-propelled mobile scaffolds shall be tightly planked for the full width of the scaffolds except for necessary access openings. Such planking shall consist of planks not less than two inches thick full size, exterior grade ply wood at least three-quarters inch thick or material of equivalent strength. (b) S afety railings required. The platform of every manually-propelled mobile scaffold shall be provided with a safety railing constructed and installed in compli ance with this Part (rule). (c) Platform access. A ladder or stairway shall be provided for proper access to every manually-propelled mobile scaffold. Such ladder or stairway shall be affixed to or built into the scaffold and so located that when in use it will not have a ten dency to tip the scaffold. Landing platforms shall be provided at intervals not to exceed 35 feet. (d) Scaffold height. For any free-standing manually-propelled mobile scaffold th e ratio of the platform height above the ground, grade, floor or equivalent surface to the minimum base dimension shall assure scaffold stability when in use, but in no case shall such height be more than four times the minimum base dimension. (e) Casters. Casters shall be properly designed for strength and dimensions to support four times the maximum load intended to be imposed thereon. All casters shall be provided with positive locking devices to hold the scaffolds in position. (f) Scaffold bracing. Manually-propelled mobile scaffolds shall be properly braced by cross-bracing or diagonal-bracing, or both, to secure vertical members together laterally. Cross-braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square and rigid. A ll brace connections shall be made secure. (g) Scaffold footing. Whenever any such scaffold Is In use and is occupied by an y person, such scaffold shall rest upon a stable footing, the platform shall be level and the scaffold shall stand plumb. All casters or wheels shall be locked in position. (h) Moving the scaffold. Provisions shall be made to prevent such scaffolds from tipping or falling during their movement from one location to another. S caf folds shall be moved only on level floors or equivalent surfaces free from obstructions and openings. No person shall be suffered or permitted to ride on any manuallypropelled mobile scaffold while It is being moved. (i) Bridging prohibited. Bridging between two or more manually-propelled m o bile scaffolds or between any such scaffold and other supports is prohibited. Historical Note Sec. added, Hied May 30, 1972 eff. June 1,1972. 2 3 - 5 .1 9 Elevator scaffold Jacks, (a) When elevator scaffold jacks are used for the installation of elevator hoistway doors, such scaffold jacks shall he con structed and installed In compliance with this Part (rule). 602.7 KB 5-31-72  2 3-5.20 TITLE 12 LABOR (b) The platforms of such scaffolds shall consist of planks at least equal In strength to No. 1 grade fir. Such planks shall be at least two Inches thick full size. Such planks shall he supported by scaffold brackets or jacks constructed of spruce or plywood at least three-quarters Inch by five inches In size or of metal of equiva lent strength. (c) Such jacks shall be constructed and installed in any hoistway by being tightly wedged between the guide rails and the elevator door sill. There shall be a notch at least one and one-half inches by one and one-half inches in the lower hori zontal member of each jack at which point such jack shall rest on the door sill. A. plank, at least two inches thick full size, shall be placed on the lower members of the jack and notched to fit tightly against the front vertical members to prevent any inward movement of the jacks. Such planks shall be bolted to the jacks by means of angles three inches by three inches by one-quarter inch in size. The first plank of the main scaffold platform shall be bolted similarly to the jacks. At the points where the jacks rest against the guide rails, "C" clamps shall be used to prevent dislodgment. "C" clamps shall also be used to fasten two-inch by four-inch guard rails to the guide rails. Where it becomes necessary to prevent horizontal movement, cleats shall be nailed to the platform planks to block such planks against the guide rails and/or hoistway walls. (4) Every person working from, installing or dismantling such scaffolds shall be provided with and shall use an approved safety belt or harness properly secured in compliance with this Part (rule). Historical Note S ec. a d d e d , filed M ay 30, 1972 eff. J u n e 1.1972. 2 3 * 5 .2 0 Window jacks, (a) Approval required. All window jacks shall be approved. (b) Construction of window jacks. All window jacks shall he constructed, in stalled and used in compliance with section 23-5.1 of this Subpart. (c) Window jack use. Every window jack shall be limited to light duty loading and shall be used only for the purpose of working a t the window opening through which such jack Is Installed. N o more than one person shall occupy a window jack at any one time. Window jacks shall not be used as supporting elements or anchor ages of scaffolds or other devices and the placing of planks between one window Jack and the jack of an adjacent window is prohibited. Historical Note S ec. a d d e d , filed M ay 30, 1972 eft. June 1.1972. 2 3 -5 .2 1 B oatsw ain's c h airs, (a ) Manual type of wood construction. (1) Strength. Every boatswain's chair and supports shall be capable of sustaining four times the maximum weight intended to he placed thereon. (21 Chair or seat. Every boatswain's chair or seat shall be suspended from its four corners by means of rope slings. Such chair or seat shall be not less than 24 inches in length by 10 Inches In width. Such chair or seat shall be two inches in thickness except that such thickness may he one and one-eighth inches If the c-hair or seat is constructed of hardwood. Each such chair or seat shall be rein forced across its full width by means of cleats securely fastened to the underside of each end. (31 Suspension tackle. The rope used as a means of suspension for boat swain's chairs shall be first grade manila at least five-eighths inch in diameter or svnthetic fibre with a breaking strength of 5,000 pounds and with a diameter of at least one-half inch. Such rope shall be reeved through proper size hall bearings 602.8 LB 5-31-72 CHAPTER I BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 2 3 -5 .2 2 or bushed blocks. Rope attachments to such blocks shall be by means of thimbles and splicing. Only safety hooks shall be used. (41 Anchorage.?. The means of suspension shall be attached to anchorages of sufficient rigidity and of ample strength. Where necessary, ropes shall be pro tected against chafing. (5) Seat guard or safety belt. Every boatswain's chair or seat shall be pro vided with a rope or strap guard across both the front and rear located 18 inches above the seat or shall be provided with an approved safety belt with separate hanging lifeline securely attached to a fixed support or anchorage in compliance with this Part (rule). (b) Powered type boatswain's chairs. AH powered type boatswain's chairs shall be approved. (c) Harnesses. Harnesses designed to suspend a person in a sitting position in order to perform work of any kind shall be approved. Historical Note S e c . a d d e d , filed M a y 30, 1972 eff. J u n e 1, 1972. 2 3 - 5 .2 2 Stilts, (a) IAmited use. (1) Stilts shall be used only for the work of taping joints in wallboard used for wall and ceiling construction, commonly known as "dry wall" construction. The use of stilts for any other purpose is prohibited. (2) Stilts shall be used only by competent persons who have voluntarily agreed to their use. The use of stilts shall not be at the direction of or at the request of, expressed or implied, any employer. Any person who uses stilts in the performance of such taping work shall be qualified for such use. (b) Notification of the commissioner. In every case where stilts are to be used, the employer shall notify the commissioner, in writing, of such intended use at lea st five days prior to such use. Such notification shall give the name and address of the person agreeing to use the stilts, the location of the job site where the stilts are to be used and the date when such use is to commence. (c) Scaffolds required. Whenever stilts are used, scaffolds commonly used and appropriate for wallboard construction and which are in compliance with this P art (rule) shall be provided at all times such work is being performed. Such scaffolds shall be readily available for any person performing such work who may elect to use such scaffold. (d) S tilt construction. Stilts shall be of sound and substantial construction and shall be maintained in good repair at all times while they are being used. (e) S tilt elevation. Stilts shall not elevate the feet of any person more than 24 inches above the floor. (f) Protection from hazards. Stilts shall be used only on even floor surfaces kept free from obstructions, materials, debris, accumulations of dirt or slippery subitances. Persons on stilts shall not be suffered or permitted to work near any open in g w hich is not covered or protected in compliance with this Part (rule) or otherwise guarded. Historical Note S e c . a d d e d , filed M a y 30, 1972 eff. J u n e 1, 1972. 602.9 BB 5-31-72  23-6.1 TOTHE 12 LABOR SUBPART 23-6 MATERIAL HOISTING! Sec. 23-6.1 23-6.2 General requirements Rigging, rope and chains for material hoists Sec. 23-6.3 M a t e r i a l p l a t f o r m H istorical Note S u b p art added, filed M ay 3 9 , 1972 eff. J u n e 1, 1972. o r b ucket hoists Section 23-6.1 General requirements, (a) A-ptpTiccction o f Subpart. The g en eral requirements of this Subpart shall apply to a l l m a t e r ia l hoisting equipment except cranes, derricks, aerial baskets, excavating m a c h in e s u sed for material h oist ing and fork lift trucks. (b) Maintenance. Material hoisting equipment sh a ll a t a ll times he m aintained in good repair and proper operating condition w ith su ffic ie n t inspections to in su re such maintenance. All defects affecting safety shall h e im m e d ia te ly corrected eith er by necessary repairs or replacement of parts, or s u c h d e fe c t iv e equipment shall h e immediately removed from the job site. (c) Operation. (1) Only trained, designated p e r s o n s shall operate h oistin g equipment and such equipment shall be operated i n a s a f e manner at all times. (2) Operators of material hoisting equipm ent s h a l l remain a t the controls while any load is suspended. (d) Loading. Material hoisting equipment sh a ll not fe e loaded in excesB of t h e live load for which it-was designed as specified by th e m a n u fa ctu rer. Where th e r e is any hazard to persons, all loads shall be properly t r im m e d to prevent dislodgm ent of any portions of such loads during transit. S u s p e n d e d loads shall he secu rely slung and properly balanced before they are set in m o t io n . (e) Signal system required. (1) Operators a n d sig n a lm e n . Material h o is ts shall he operated only in response to a sign al s y s t e m and all operators a n d signalmen shall be able to comprehend the sig n a ls r e a d ily and to execute th e m properly. (2) Signal transmittal. Such signal system sh a ll c o n sist of manual sign als, telephone communications or a visual or audible s i g n a l code. Such sig n a lin g methods may he used separately or in combination. W h e r e manual or visual s i g nals are used, the signalman shall have a d e a r a n d unobstructed view of t h e hoist operator at all times and the hoist op erator s h a l l have a clear and u n o b structed view of the signalman a t all times. T h e m a x im u m distance b e tw e e n the signalman and the operator Bhall he 80 fe e t. W h e r e persons are loading o r unloading at more than one level or where the s ig n a lm a n cannot he readily s e e n by the hoist operator, an electrically- or m ech a n ica lly -o p era ted hell system s h a l l be provided and used. Where audible signals a r e u s e d , such signals shall b e capable of being heard at all times above the n o r m a l sound level in the a r e a . Intercommunication or telephone systems shall b e p r o v id e d in addition to m a n ually-operated electrical or mechanical bell s ig n a l s y s t e m s where necessary f o r safe operation of the hoist. Weatherproof e le c t r ic a l connections and fittin g s shall he used for electrically-operated signal or co m m u n ica tio n systems on h o i s t towers that are exposed to the elements. (3) Visual m3, audible signal code. Where a v is u a l or audible signal s y s t e m is used in the operation of any material hoist, th e fo llo w in g signal code s h a l l he employed: 602.10 L B 5-31-72 CH A PTER I BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 2 3 -6 .2 Signal 1 bell or light . 2 bells or lights 3 bells or lights 4 b ells or lights Action Stop Raise Lower Lower slowly (4) P o stin g of signal code. Where a visual or audible signal code is used, a copy o f s-uch code shall be posted in a conspicuous location adjacent to the h o istin g controls, clearly visible to the hoist operator from his operating position. W here th ere is a car attendant, such code shall also be posted in a conspicuous p osition in th e hoist car. ( f ) P ro tectio n of hoist operator. (1) Where an overhead hazard exists, the operator o f a. hoisting machine shall be provided with overhead protection equiva le n t to tig h t planking not less than two inches thick which is supported to develop its full strength. (2 ) T h e area or space occupied by the hoisting machine and its operator sh a ll be protected from the elements and shall be heated in cold weather to a tem p eratu re of at least 60 degrees Fahrenheit at all times such area or space is occupied. ( g ) P ro tectio n of mooing parts. Gears, belts, sprockets, drums, sheaves and points o f co n ta ct between moving parts of power-driven hoist equipment, when not guarded by location, shall be guarded in compliance with this Part (rule] and with Industrial Code Part (rule) 19. (h ) T ag Tine. Loads which have a tendency to swing or turn freely during h oistin g shall Toe controlled by tag lines. (i) H iding. Riding on loads, buckets, slings, balls or hooks or material hoisting equipm ent is prohibited. (3) H o istin g machine. (1) Hoist brakes. Hoist brakes, capable of stopping an d holding 150 percent of the rated capacity of the hoist, shall be provided for ev e r y m aterial hoist. Each-manually-operated material hoist shall be equipped w ith an effective pawl and ratchet capable of holding the rated load capacity w h en such a load is suspended. Each electric motor-driven material hoist shall be provided with a mechanical automatic motor brake or an electrical or mechan ic a l device which will stop and hold 150 percent of the rated capacity of the hoist autom atically in case of power failure. (2) H oistin g machine anchorage. Hoisting machines shall be so constructed, in stalled a n d secured in place as to prevent tipping or dislodgment. (It) R e p a irs and lubrication. No repairing, cleaning or lubricating of machinery shall b e done unless such machinery is at rest. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May SO, 1972 eft. June 1, M72. 23- 6.2 R igging, rope and chains for material hoists, (a) Hoisting rope. (1 ) T y p e s required. Only wire rope of the improved plow steel classification o r equivalent having a safety factor of not less than six shall he used with pow er-driven hoisting machinery, except for winchheads or capstan hoists where fibre rope m a y be used. (2) P ib r e rope, (i) Fibre rope shall be first grade mania hemp or syn th etic fibre. Means to prevent chafing shall be provided where necessary. Proper siz e blocks to accommodate the rope shall be used. Fibre rope shall b e protected where acid or any other harmful or corrosive agent or chemical 502.11 LB 6-31-72  23-6.2 T IT L E 12 EA B O R is used. Ail fibre rope shall be stored in a d ry condition and in a dry place protected from the elements. (ii) Fibre rope that is unsound in an y w a y or that shows the effects o f severe wear, deterioration or abrasion shall n o t be used and shall be removed from the job site. Frozen rope shall be thaw ed before being used. (S) Wire rope, (i) Wire rope shall be so handled and stored as to prevent kinks and shall be maintained lubricated to prevent corrosion. Wire rope that is kinked shall not be used on any m aterial hoist. Wire rope shall be discarded and replaced when more than 10 percent of the total wires of an y lay are broken. A. rope lay is that distance measured along the rope in which one strand makes a complete revolution around the rope axis. Wire rope shall he discarded and replaced when the w ires on the crown of the strand are worn down to less than 60 percent o f their original cross-sectional area, when visual inspection indicates marked sig n s of corrosion, deterioration or abrasion and when any combination of broken wires and abrasion has reduced the original strength of the rope to 80 p ercen t or less. (ii) The ends of wire rope shall be secu rely attached to the hoist drums and at least four turns of rope shall remain on each drum at all times. Exception: A ttach m en t o f th e ro p e to t h e h o is t drum sh all n o t he required on tra c tio n ty p e h o ists. (iii) Means shall he provided to prevent accidental contact with or damage to any hoisting rope. Such means shall co n sist of substantial covering, fencing or guarding by location. (4) Wire rope fastenings, (i) W ire rope fastenings shall consist of zincfilled sockets, wedge sockets with a t lea st one rope clip above each socket, eye-splices with pear-shaped thimbles to fit the rope, proper size thimbles with rope clips or other approved fastenings. (ii) Where clips are used as fasten in gs, the number used shall he in accordance with Table XVI of this Subpart. (iii) The spacing between clips shall be a t least six times the diameter of the rope. The U-bolts of clips shall be placed over the short ends of the ropes. TABLE XVI ROPE CLIP REQUIREMENTS Rope diameter Minimum, number of c lip s Up to and including 7/16 in c h ..................................................... 2 Up to and including % in c h ..................................................... 3 Up to and including 1 in c h ....................................................... 4 Up to and including 1% in c h e s............................................... 5 Up to and including 1 % in c h e s............................................... 6 Up to and including 1% in c h e s............................................... 7 Up to and including 2% in c h e s................................................. 8 Up to and including 3 inches ................................................... 9 (ib) Sheaves. Load-bearing sheaves for w ire rope shall he o f proper diameter and grooving to accommodate the rope but in no case shall such diameter be le ss than 20 times the diameter of the rope. Sheaves shall be maintained properly lubri cated. Sheaves and blocks that are so ex cessiv ely worn, damaged, deteriorated or otherwise defective as to cause or threaten to cause failure of the equipment sh a ll not he used. Sheaves intended for use w ith fibre rope shall not be used with w ire rope. CHAPTER I BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23=6.3 (c) Fittings. AH hooks, shackles and other fittings subject to tension or shear shall be drop-forged. The use of deformed or damaged hooks, shackles, chains or other fittings is prohibited. All suspended pulley blocks, sheaves, well wheels or similar devices shall be moused or securely fastened or safety hooks shall be used. (d) Use of chains. (1) Chains shall not be used as slings in hoisting opera tions except for the raising or lowering of wooden piles, large timbers, large pieces of masonry or large stones. (2) Chains shall not be knotted nor shall they be shortened or spliced by the use of nails or bolts. (3) Defective chains shall not be used. (e) B eat treating of chains. The annealing or normalizing of chains shall be performed only by the manufacturer or his authorized agent. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May SO, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972. 2 3 * 6 .3 Material platform or bucket hoists, (a) Design requirement. Every material platform or bucket hoist erected after June 1, 1972 shall be designed by a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York. The design plans and specifications for any such hoist shall be kept on the job site available for examination by the commissioner. (b) M aterial hoist towers. (1) The tower of every material hoist shall be supported by a firm foundation of such dimensions and area as to adequately distribute the intended load so as not to exceed the safe load-bearing capacity of the supporting soil. Tower bracing shall be constructed of such material and shall be so installed as to secured tower stability and rigidity and to keep the tower plumb. (2) Each such tower shall be secured with guys or rigid braces at each com er at intervals not to exceed 26 feet vertically. Tower guys shall be at least one-half inch diameter improved plow steel wire rope and shall be securely fastened to adequate anchorages with wire rope clips in accordance with Table XVT of this Subpart. (3) The erection and dismantling of any material hoist tower shall be per formed only under the direct supervision of a designated person experienced in this type of work. Timber hoist towers shall be erected only to a height neces sary for the performance of the work and shall be extended in height only when the construction work has progressed sufficiently to provide for the anchorages and bracing heretofore required. Hoist towers constructed of metal shall not be erected to a height exceeding 50 feet above the highest portion of the buildings or other structures which may be used as suitable anchorages for guying such towers. (4) Hoist towers shall be so constructed that there shall be at least four feet of clearance between the lowest point on the circumference of the cathead sheave and the highest point on the hoisting rope fastening on the car of bucket when such conveyance is at the uppermost terminal or landing. (c) H oistway enclosures. (1) Interior. Interior hoistways for material hoists shall be enclosed at every floor level to a height of at least eight feet on all sides except entrance openings. Such enclosures shall be constructed of wire mesh of not less than No. 18 TJ.S. gage steel with openings which will reject a one-half inch diameter ball or such enclosures shall be partitions of exterior grade plywood at least three-quarters inch thick, of wood slats not less than three-quarters inch thick installed horizontally and spaced not more than two inches apart or of 602.13 LB 5-31-72  23-6.3 T n u ffl 12 ISABOR other material of equivalent strength. Such enclosures shall be adequately sup ported, braced and secured. (2) Enclosed exterior. When any exterior h o istw a y for a material h o ist is enclosed, such enclosure shall extend from the lo w e st term inal points to the cathead elevations on all sides except entrance openings. Such enclosures shall be constructed of wire mesh of not less than No. 18 TJ.S. g age steel w ith openings which will reject a one-half inch diameter ball. (3) Unenclosed exterior. When any exterior h o istw a y fo r a material hoist is unenclosed, the following requirements shall apply: (i) Such hoistway shall be enclosed a t the ground o r grade level to a height of at least six feet on all sides except entrance openings. Such en closure shall be constructed of wire mesh o f n ot le s s than No. 18 U.S. gage steel with openings which will reject a one-half in ch diam eter ball. Entrance openings of any such hoistway shall be provided w it h g a tes or bars in com pliance with this Part Crule) except that sliding b a rs m ay be used in lie u of hinged bars. Such gates or bars shall be kept clo sed w henever the c a r is hoisted. (ii) In addition to the enclosure of the h o ist car a s required by this Part (rule), each loading side of any such car sh a ll b e provided with a selfclosing gate at least 66 inches in height, constructed o f th e same m aterial as the car enclosure. (iii) Where any point on a moving ear or counterw eight of a m aterial hoist passes less than eight feet from a floor, roof, scaffold platform or other work surface or position, such floor, roof, scaffold platform or other work surface shall he provided with a partition a t le a s t six fe e t in height. Such partition shall extend horizontally at least five fe e t p a st the horizontal projection of the path of the car or counterweight. S u ch partition shall b e at least equal in construction to hoistway enclosures a s specified in this P art , (rule). '1 (d) Entrances to hoistways. (1) Ail entrances to any hoistw ay used for material hoisting above the lowest loading terminal o r grade entrance shall he i i guarded by substantial gates painted fluorescent orange or yellow. When closed, such gates shall guard the full width of the entrance openings. The top of each such gate shall be at least 36 inches in height above th e floor surface when located two feet or more from the hoistway line. Any such g a te located less than two feet from the hoistway line shall he not less than 66 in ch es in height above the floor surface. If such entrance gates are constructed w ith a grille, wire m esh, lattice or other openwork material, the openings th erein shall reject a hall more than two inches in diameter. Any such gate shall h a v e an underclearance o f not more than two inches. Such entrance gates shall be e ith er vertical sliding, hori zontal sliding or swinging gates. Any swinging gate sh a ll sw ing fn the direction of egress from the car to the floor. I (2) A t the lowest loading terminal or grade entrance, a wood or m etal bar may be used to guard the entrance to a hoistway u se d fo r material hoisting. Such bar shall he painted fluorescent orange or yellow. Such b a r shall he mechan ic! ically or electrically interlocked with the hoist car so th a t the bar shall be closed and locked before the car can leave the lowest term inal or grade level and cannot 'i! be opened until the car has returned to such level. Ip (3) Bars or pipes shall not be used to guard h o istw a y entrances a t any level ,| s or floor above the lowest terminal or grade level. ;|| (4) Gates at hoistway entrances above the lo w e st term inal or grade level :i! shall be kept closed when the car Is not a t such entrances. 602.14 LJB 6-31-72 CHAPTER I BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-6.3 (e) C a r construction. (1) Hoist cars used for material hoisting shall be enclosed from floor to crosshead with solid enclosures on all sides not used for loading or unloading. Every such hoist car shall be provided with overhead pro tection installed at the crosshead to protect any person from falling objects or m aterials. Such overhead protection shall consist of planking at least two inches th ick , exterior grade plywood at least three-quarters inch thick or other material o f equivalent strength. (2) In. lieu of solid enclosures, hoist cars may be enclosed with expanded m e ta l of not less than No. 9 U.S. gage steel with openings which w ill reject a one and one-half inch diameter ball. Such enclosed cars shall also be provided w ith toeboards at least four inches in height on all sides except those used for loading and unloading. (3) Car platforms shall be provided with securely fastened blocks and cleats to prevent the rolling of wheeled vehicles and the shifting of other equipment. (f ) Guide rails. The guide rails of material hoists shall be constructed of steel or sound, structural grade hardwood securely fastened at intervals so as not to deflect m ore than one-quarter inch during normal operation of the hoist. (g ) O peration of hoist. The operation of any hoist car, bucket or platform is prohibited whenever persons are climbing the hoist tower or working on any part of th e tow er below the cathead. Exception: The platform, cage, ear or bucket may be used to , raise persons for authorized maintenance and repairs that cannot he done otherwise. (h) P rotection of operator. The operator of every hoisting machine used with m aterial platform or bucket hoists shall be provided with overhead protection against fa llin g objects or materials. Such overhead protection shall be equivalent to tight planking n o t less than two inches thick supported to develop its full strength. (i) Loading and roping of platform, hoists. The maximum safe capacity of each platform h oist shall be determined by using a factor of safety of eight. Such maxi m u m safe capacity shall be posted conspicuously on the crosshead or side members o f every su c h hoist and such capacity shall not be exceeded. (j) Thoroughfare. Hoistways for material hoists shall not be located either p artially or wholly over sidewalks, passageways or other areas to which persons h a v e access unless a broken-rope safety device is provided for each such hoistway. S u ch sa fe ty devices shall be capable of stopping and holding the platform or bucket w ith its rated load. Such safety device requirement shall also apply to the counter w eig h ts o f such hoists, if provided. (k) R iding. Riding by any person on a material hoist is prohibited except for n ecessa ry inspection, maintenance and repairs. Signs to that effect shall be posted in conspicuous locations on both sides of the crosshead or side members and at every entrance to any such hoist. The legend on every such sign, in letters not less than o n e and one-half inches in height on contrasting backgrounds, shall read as follows: "WARNING--RIDING BY ANY PERSON PROHIBITED" Historical Note Sec. added, fllea May 30, 1872 off. June 1,1972. 602.15 LB 5-31-72  23-7.1 TCniE 12 liABOR SUBPART 23-7 PERSONNES. HOISTS Sec. Sec. ( 28-7.1 Sanerai requirements 23-7.2 Temporary personnel or workmen's hoists 23-7.3 Temporary use of permanent elevators Historical Note Subpart added, filed Hay 30, 1972 elf. June 1, 1972. Section 23-7.1 General requirements, (a) Application of Subpart. This Sub-J part applies to personnel hoists where the temporary use of permanent elevators is ! made or where temporary workmen's hoists are provided to transport persons to and from their working levels in the construction of buildings or other structures. (b) Maintenance. Personnel hoisting equipment shall be maintained in good repair and in proper operating condition at all times. Inspections of such equipment shall he made with such frequency as to insure such maintenance and operation. (c) Operation. Only trained, designated persons shall operate personnel hoists and such hoists shall be operated in a safe manner at all timss. Historical Note Sec. added, filed Hay 30, 1872 eff. June 1,1972. 23-7.2 Temporary personnel or workmen's hoists, (a) Approval required. Temporary personnel hoists shall not be placed in service until each such installation has been granted a special approval. The requirements o f any such approval shall be applied in conjunction with all other requirements o f this section. (b) Hoist towers. (1) Every hoist tower used for a temporary personnel hoist | shall be supported by a firm foundation of such dimensions as to adequately dis- ' tribute the transmitted load so as not to exceed the safe load-bearing capacity of the ground upon which such tower is erected. Each such hoist tower shall he securely braced to the building or other structure so that such tow er is held in a plumb vertical position, is stable, rigid and able to withstand wind pressure. (2) Bach such hoist tower shall be secured with guys or rigid braces a t each corner at intervals not to exceed 26 feet vertically. Tower guys shall be a t least one-half inch diameter improved plow steel wire rope and shall be secu rely fas tened to adequate anchorages with wire rope clips as specified in Table X V I of Subpart 23-6 of this Part (rule). A ll building tie-ins shah be identified b y metal tags bearing the legend: "WORKMEN'S HOIST--DO NOT REMOVE". (3) Hoist towers shall be erected and dismantled only under the direct super vision of qualified, designated persons. (4) Hoist towers shall be erected only to heights necessary fo r the perform ance of the work and shall be extended in height only when construction has progressed sufficiently in height in order to provide for the adequate anchorages and bracing required by this Subpart unless other safe and adequate gu ying can | be provided. i (c) Hoistway enclosures. (1) Interior. Interior hoistways for tem porary per sonnel hoists shall be fully enclosed at every floor except for entrance openings. Such enclosures shall be constructed of wire mesh of not less than N o. 18 TJ.S. gage steel with openings which will reject a one-half inch diameter ball or such enclosures shall be partitions of exterior grade plywood a t least three-eights inch thick, of wood slats not less than three-quarters inch thick installed horizontally { and spaced not more than two inches apart or of other material o f equivalent strength. Such enclosures shall be adequately supported, braced and secured. 602.16 I B 5-31-72 CHAPTER I b o a r d o f s t a n d a r d s a n d a p p e a l s 23-7.2 (2) Enclosed exterior. When exterior hoistways for personnel hoists ar enclosed, such enclosures shall extend from the lowest terminal points to the cathead elevations on all sides except entrance openings. Such enclosures shall be constructed of wire mesh of not less than No. 18 TT.S. gage steel with openings which will reject a one-half inch diameter hall. (3) Unenclosed exterior. When exterior hoistways for personnel hoists are unenclosed, the following requirements shall apply: (i) Every such hoistway shall be enclosed at the ground or grade level to a height of at least 10 feet on all sides except entrance openings. Such enclosures shall be constructed of wire mesh o f not less than No. 18 tl.S. gage steel with openings which will reject a one-half inch diameter ball. The entrance openings of such hoistways shall be guarded in compliance with this section. (ii) Where any point on a moving car or counterweight passes less than eight feet from a floor, scaffold platform or other work surface or position, such floor, scaffold platform or other work surface so exposed shall he pro vided with a partition at least six feet in height. Such partition shall extend horizontally at least five feet past the horizontal project of the path of the car or counterweight. Such partition shall be a t least equal in construction to hoistway enelbsures as specified in this section. (4) Running clearances. Every hoistway enclosure shall be so installed and reinforced in all areas subject to external pressure that the running clearances between car and enclosure cannot be reduced to less than one inch upon the application of any horizontal pressure of 100 pounds against any point on such' enclosure. (d) Hoistway doors. (1) Every entrance opening in any hoistway enclosure for a personnel hoist shall he provided with a solid door at least 78 inches in. height which shall extend across the full width of the opening. Such door shall be provided with a vision panel securely covered with wire mesh. Such door shall be provided with a lock or latch which is openable from the hoistway side only and Inaccessible from the landing side. Every such door shall have an underclearance of not more than one-half inch. Exception: Such entrance door at the lowest landing of any hoistway Bhall be provided with, a means, accessible only to designated persons, for unlocking the door from the landing side. (2) In normal service every hoistway door shall be locked or latched shut except when in use for passage to or from the car. No person except the ear attendant shall open any such door. (3) Hoistway entrance doors shall be hung to provide durability and shall he securely reinforced. (e) Car enclosures. The car of every personnel hoist shall he permanently enclosed on all sides and the top except the side used for entrance or exit. Such enclosure shall be equivalent in strength to two-inch planking laid tight. The top of every such enclosure shall be provided with an emergency exit opening fitted with a hinged hatch eover. Such exit opening shall be not less than 18 inches in its smallest dimension and not less than 400 square inches in area. (f) Gar doors or gates. (1) Each landing side o f any ear used in a personnel hoist shall be provided with a door or gate at least six feet in height constructed of material at least as equivalent In strength as the car enclosure. (2) Every opening in such door or gate shall be of such size and shape a s to reject a three-inch diameter ban at any point. $02.17 EE 6-81-72  2 3 -7 .2 IT rnE 12 I5ABOR (3) Every such car shall he equipped w ith an approved electrical contact arranged that the car cannot he operated unless each door or gate is shut. (g) Wiring. Wiring and other electrical equipment shall he o f proper quality and properly installed. Electrical installations shall be in accordance w ith the 1971 National Electrical Code. Hoistway wiring may consist o f heavy-duty rubber-covered traveling cable. All wiring and other electrical equipment exposed to the elements shall be weatherproof. (h) Lighting. Inside the hoistway car and at each landing means for artificial lighting shall be provided. The insides of hoistway cars, landings and spaces occu pied b y hoisting machines shall be illuminated in compliance with this Part (rule-)' at all times. (i) Materials carried on personnel hoists. Personnel hoists may be used for carrying material providing the rated load capacity of the hoists are not exceeded. When materials are being carried on such a hoist, only the person necessary for handling such materials shall be permitted to ride in the car, in addition to the operator. When concentrated loads are carried in such a hoist car, such loads shall not exceed 25 percent of the rated load. (j) Car attendant or operator. (1) Any car o f a temporary, personnel hoist shall not be operated in service unless such car is in the charge of a designated person stationed in the car as its attendant or operator. (2) No person other than such car attendant shall cause or permit the car to move or shall open any car door or gate or hoistway door. The car attendant shall not cause the car to move until he is sure that the ear door or gate and the hoistway doors are closed. (3) The car attendant shall not cause the car to move unless he is satisfied that the load being carried is prepared for movement. (4) Persons designated as car attendants for temporary personnel hoists shall be over 18 years of age, trained, qualified and competent to operate the cars of such hoists. (k) Hoisting machine enclosures. Where a hoisting machine is located inside a building or other structure, such machine shall be effectively guarded in compliance with this Part (rule). 'Where a hoisting machine is located outside a building or other structure, such machine shall be enclosed or barricaded in compliance with this Part (rule) and, in addition, shall be provided with substantial overhead protection. Such overhead protection shall consist of planking at least two inches thick full size, exterior grade plywood at least three-quarters inch thick or material of equiva lent strength. (l) Communications. A means of voice communication shall be provided for every temporary personnel hoist where such hoist is operated jointly by a car attend ant and a hoisting machine operator stationed adjacent to the hoisting machine. (m) Inspection and testing. Prior to use, initially and after any extension, every temporary personnel hoist shall be tested. Such testing shall be performed only by a designated person and shall consist of the following: (1) A running te st with rated load and a t rated speed with stops a t each landing. (2) A test of the normal and final terminal stopping devices w ith no load carried in the upward direction and with full load carried in the downward direc tion. (3) A test of the car safety device a t rated load and a t rated speed. (4) A test of the car speed governor. (5) A complete written report of every such test shall be made and signed 602.18 UB 5-31-72 CHAPTER X BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS by the designated person making such tests. Such reports shall include the dates of the tests, the test loads and speeds involved and the results of such test. Such reports shall be kept in a lo g book on the job site available for examination by the commissioner. Historical Note See. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972. 2 3 -7 .3 Temporary use of permanent elevators, fa) Temporary use permitted. Passenger or freight elevators being installed in buildings or other structures for permanent use m ay be used before completion of the building or other structure during construction to carry persons or material, or both, provided such elevators conform to the following requirements: (b) H oistway enclosures. The hoistway of any such elevator shall be enclosed with its permanent enclosure and permanent doors or such hoistway shall be enclosed with either solid or openwork material, except for access openings, as follows: (1) Openwork enclosures shall he either wire mesh of a t least No. 18 XX.S. gage steel or expanded m etal of at least No. 18 TJ.S. gage. The openings of such openwork material shall reject a one-half inch diameter ball. Such enclosures shall be provided with unperforated kick plates installed a t every floor level above the lowest floor. Where a counterweight is provided such openwork enclosure shall be covered on the counterweight side with wire mesh of not less than No. 18 U.S. gage steel with openings that w ill reject a one-half inch diameter ball. Such mesh covering shall extend the full width of the counterweight plus one foot on each side. (2) Solid enclosures shall consist of partitions o f exterior grade plywood at least three-eighths inch thick or of other material of equivalent strength. (3) Every such enclosure shall be so supported and braced that when sub jected to a horizontal pressure of 100 pounds applied a t any point the resulting deflection shall not exceed one inch and shall not reduce the running clearance to less than one inch. (c) H oistway doors. Where permanent hoistway doors are not in place, tem porary hoistway doors shall he provided as follows: (1) Every floor landing opening in a hoistway enclosure shall he provided with a solid door extending across the full width of the opening and not less than 78 inches in height. The clearance between the bottom of any such door and the floor shall be not less than one inch nor more than, two inches. Each such door shall be provided with a vision panel of not more than 80 square inches in area. Every such vision panel shall be covered with wire mesh of No. 18 ET.S. gage steel with openings which w ill reject a one-half inch diameter ball. Each such hoistway door shall be provided with a lock or latch which is openable from the hoistway side only and inaccessible from the landing side. (2) If the hoistway door at the lowest terminal landing is locked automati cally when closed with the car at the landing, such door shall be provided with a means to unlock it from the landing side to permit access to the car. Such, means shall be accessible only to designated persons. (3) Where such hoistway doors are of the vertical sliding type, they shall be of a type that requires counterweights. Provisions shall be made for the con tainment of the counterweights if their means o f suspension should fail. (d) Elevator car. Except where permanent elevator cars are used, temporary elevator cars used in permanent hoistways shall be constructed to conform to the following requirements: (1) Frame. The frame of every such car shall consist of a safety plank and vertical stiles gusseted to a crosshead constructed of steel channels. Such frame 502J9 L B 5-31-72  2 3 -7 .3 TITEE 12 IiABOR phniT be wgntm and constructed to carry safely all the loads intended to be imposed thereon. Steel diagonal bracing shall be provided to support the four comers of the car platform. (2) Platform. The platform of every such car shall co n sist of a channel steel or aluminum frame and steel or aluminum stringers assem bled as a unit and secured to the safety plant. Platform flooring shall be constructed o f steel or aluminum plate or of wood. If wood is used, it shall be of structural grade lumber not less nm two inches thick and shall be protected on th e underside by steel Bw H n g of at least No. 26 TJ.S. steeL Such flooring shall b e securely fastened to the car platform. (5) Oar enclosures. Such temporary elevator cars sh a ll be enclosed on the top and on all sides except those sides used as entrance and exit openings. Such enclosures shall consist of planking at least two inches thick, laid tigh t, or of other material of equivalent strength. The top of every such elevator car sh all have an emergency exit opening in th e enclosure of not less than 400 square in ch es in area with the least dimension a t least 16 inches. Such em ergency exit openings shall be provided with hinged hatch covers. (4) Oar doors or gates, (i) Each such car shall be provided w ith a car door or gate on the landing side. Such door or gate shall b e a t le a st six feet in height and shall be of construction equivalent in strength to th a t o f the car enclosure. (11) Every opening in such car door or gate shall be o f such size and shape as to reject a three-inch diameter ball. (iii) Every such car door or gate shall be equipped w ith a n approved electric contact so arranged that the car cannot be operated unless the door or gate is within two inches of full closure. Such electric contact sh all not be readily accessible from w ithin the car. (iv) Such car doors or gates shall be of the horizontally or counterweighted vertically sliding type. Where a horizontal g a t e is used, such gate may be arranged to sw ing inward when fully collapsed. (6) Oar controls. The car controls of such elevators shall be so arranged that such cars can be operated or controlled only from w ith in the cars. (e) Elevator operators. Such elevator cars shall be operated only b y competent, trained, designated persons. (f) Testing. Prior to the initial use of any temporary elevator installed in a permanent hoistway, such elevator shall be tested by a designated person. Such testing shall he in accordance w ith the following requirements: (1) The car of such elevator shall he loaded to its r a te d capacity and oper ated a t its rated speed to the upper and lower limits o f it s travel a t lea st twice in order to test the operation of the upper and lower auom atic lim it devices as well as the operation of the hoisting machine brake a t various lev els of the hoistway. (2) With the rated load in place, the car safeties shall be actu ated by trip ping the governor by hand while the car is traveling downward a t rated speed. (3) Such test shall be repeated with no load at least o n c e every m on th while the elevator is in use by operating at a slow speed and tripping th e governor by hand. (4) A written report o f each test shall be made and sign ed by th e designated person making such tests. Such reports shall include the dates, te st loads and speeds involved as w ell as the test results. Such written reports shall b e kept in a log book on the job site available for examination by the com m issioner. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May SO. 1872 eff. June 1,1972. 602.20 LB 5-81-72 CHAPTER X BOARD OF STANDARDS A N D A PPEALS 23-8 .1 SUBPART 23-8 . MOBILE CRANES, TOWER CRANES AND DERRICKS Sec. 23-8.1 23-8.2 23-8.3 General provisions Special provisions for mobile cranes Special provisions for tower cranes Sec. 23-8.4 Special provisions for derricks 23-8.5 Special provisions for crane operators Historical Note S u b p a r t a d d e d , file d M a y 30, 1972 off. June 1,1972. Section 23-8.1 General provisions, (a) Stability and stren gth . Mobile cranes, tower cranes and derricks used in construction, demolition and excavation operations shall he so constructed, placed and operated as to be stable. No component or part of any such crane or derrick shall be stressed beyond its rated capacity as deter mined by the manufacturer or builder. (b) Inspection. (1) Every mobile crane, tower crane and derrick shall be thoroughly inspected b y a competent, designated employee or authorized agent of the owner or lessee of such mobile crane, tower crane or derrick a t intervals not exceeding one month. Such inspections shall include but not be limited to all blocks, shackles, sheaves, wire rope, connectors, the various devices on the m ast or boom, hooks, controls and braking mechanisms. (2) A written, dated and signed record of each such inspection shall be completed b y the competent, designated employee or authorized agent who made the inspection on an inspection form provided by the commissioner. The m ost recent record of inspection of a moble crane, tower crane or derrick shall be posted inside the cab of such crane or derrick under a transparent protective covering or shall be filed in an. office on. the job site available for exam ination by the commissioner. Attached to such record of inspection shall be a w ritten designation naming the competent employee or authorized agent. Such attached designation shall be signed b y the owner or lessee of such mobile crane, tower crane or derrick. (3) Every mobile crane, tow er crane and derrick shall be inspected before being erected or operated for the first tim e on any job. (4) Adjustments and repairs to mobile cranes, tower cranes and derricks shall he made only b y competent, designated persons. (5) A preventive maintenance program shall be established for each mobile crane, tower crane and derrick based on the manufacturer's recommendations. Dated and detailed records o f such program s shall b e available on the job site for examination by th e commissioner. (c) Footings. A firm footing shall be provided for every mobile crane, tower crane and derrick. (d) H oisting mechanism brakes and locking devices. (1) E v e ry poweroperated mobile crane, tower crane and derrick shall be provided w ith hoisting mechanism brakes capable o f sustaining at rest one and one-half tim es the maximum rated load on a single part line. Hand or foot operated brakes shall be provided w ith a substantial locking device to lock any such brake in engage ment. Pedals of foot-operated brakes shall be constructed so that the operators' feet cannot easily slip off. Nonslip pedal surfaces are acceptable for this purpose. (2) Power-controlled low ering devices, when provided, shall be capable of handling rated loads and speeds in order to provide precision low ering and reduce demands on the brake loads. Exception? This paragraph, does not apply to any mobile crane provided with a clamshell or dragline used in exca vation operation. 802.21 EB 5-31-72  23-8.1 TPPT.th 1 2 IiABOB (S) Electrically-driven mobile cranes, tower cranes and derricks shall be provided with devices which will automatically hold th e loads In ca ses o f power . failure. (e) Load handling. (1) Mobile cranes, tower cranes and derricks shall not be loaded beyond their rated capacities. (2) Hoisting' ropes for concrete buckets used w ith mobile cra n es, tower cranes or derricks shah be provided with safety hooks or closed shackles. (3) Where slings are used to hoist material of lo n g length, sp read er bars shall be used to space and keep the sling legs in proper balance. (4) Reinforcing rods, conduit and lumber, when o f uneven len g th s a s well a s column clamps and similar items which cannot be easily secured to form, safe drafts or loads shall be hoisted in boxes. Each such box shall be su b sta n tia lly constructed and supported from Its four comers by individual len g th s o f wire rope having spliced or clipped loops for attachm ent to the load line. T h e con struction and suspension of each such box shall be capable of holding- a t least four times the load for which it is intended (5) In steel erection, when a load is suspended from a mobile c r a n e, tower crane or derrick at two or more points w ith slings, the eyes of the lif t in g legs of the slings shall he shackled together and this shackle or the e y e s of the shackled slings shall be placed on the hook. Alternatively, th e ey es o f t h e lifting legs may be shackled directly to the hoisting block, b all or balance b ea m . The eyes may be placed on the lifting hook without shackles if the hook is o f the safety type. (6) No more than one load shall be suspended from the sam e load lin e of a mobile crane, tower crane or derrick at one time. (f ) Boistm g the load. (1) Before starting to hoist w ith a mobile cra n e, tow er f crane or derrick the following inspection for unsafe conditions shall b e made: (i) The hoisting rope shall be free from kinks. (ii) Multiple part lines shall not be twisted around each other. (iii) The hook shall be brought over the load in such manner a n d location as to prevent the load from swinging when hoisting is started. (iv) The load is well secured and properly balanced in the sling o r liftin g device before it is lifted more than a few inches. (v) If there is a slack rope condition, it shall he determined th a t the hosting rope is properly seated on the drum and in th e sheaves. (2) During the hoisting operation the following conditions shall h e m et: (i) There shall he no sudden acceleration or deceleration of th e m oving load unless required by emergency conditions. (ii) The load shall not contact any obstruction. (S) The side loading of booms on mobile cranes, tow er cranes and derricks shall be limited to freely suspended loads. j (4) Mobile cranes, tower cranes and derricks shall n o t be used for d ra g g in g f* loads sideways. * (5) Mobile cranes, tower cranes and derricks shall not hoist, low er, sw ing or travel while any person is located on th e load or hook. (6) Mobile cranes, tower cranes and derricks shall not hoist or c a r r y any load over and above any person except as otherwise provided in th is P a r t (rule). (7) The operator of any mobile crane, tower crane or derrick shall n o t leave A his position a t the controls while any load is suspended nor shall any p e r so n be ^ permitted to work or pass under a stationary suspended load. 602.22 LB 5-31-72 ^ 3 CHAPTER I B O A R D O P STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-8.1 (g ) L im ita tio n s o n modifications of mobile cranes, to w er cranes or derrichs. N o load-bearing c o m p o n e n t or part of any mobile crane, tower crane or powerdriven derrick s h a l l b e replaced by another component o r part nor shall any mobile crane, tow er c r a n e o r derrick be modified by the addition thereto or the removal therefrom of a n y lo a d -b e a r in g component or part unless such replacement or modi fica tio n shall b e a s c e r tifie d by either the manufacturer or builder of such crane or derrick or b y a p r o fe s s io n a l engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York. (h) C ast ir o n . C a st iron, shall not be used for members or parts of any mobile crane, tow er c r a n e o r derrick subject to tension or torsion except for brake and clutch drums. fi) G u a rd in g m o v i n g parts. Exposed moving components or parts of mobile cranes, tow er c r a n e s a n d derricks such as gears, set screws, projection keys, chains, ch ain sp rock ets a n d reciprocating parts which might constitute a hazard under n orm al o p e r a tin g co n d itio n s shall be guarded and such guards shall be securely fa sten ed in p la c e . B a c h su ch guard shall be capable of supporting without permanent distortion th e w e i g h t o f a 200 pound man, unless such guard is located where it is im possible fo r a p e r s o n to step or ply his weight on it. (j) P r o te c tio n f r o m th e elements. Friction brakes and clutches of mobile cranes, tow er c r a n e s a n d derricks shall be provided w ith adequate protection from th e elements. (k) W ire r o p e s a n d reevin g accessories. (1) Rope sa fe ty factors. Wire rope provided f o r u s e o n a n y mobile crane, tower crane or derrick shall be in com pliance w ith t h e s a f e t y factor requirements listed a s follows: (i) F o r su p p o r tin g rated loads (Including boom suspensions): ( a ) T h e s a f e ty factor for live or running ropes that wind on drums or p a s s o v e r sheaves shall be not less than 3.5. (b ) T h e s a fe ty factor for boom pendants or standing ropes shall be not le s s th a n 3.0. (ii) F o r su p p o r tin g the boom and working attachments at recommended travel o r t r a n s i t positions and boom lengths: (a ) T h e s a f e t y factor for live or running ropes shall be not less than 3.5. (b ) T h e s a f e ty factor for boom pendants and standing ropes shall be not le s s th a n 3.0. (Hi) F o r su p p ortin g the boom under recommended boom erection con ditions: (tt) T h e s a f e ty factor for live or running ropes shall be not less than 3.0. (b ) T h e s a fe ty factor for boom pendants or standing ropes shall be not le s s t h a n 2.5. (iv) T h e s a f e t y factors specified in subparagraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) above shall b e d e te r m in e d on the basis of rope loads resulting from crane or derrick m a n u fa c tu r e r s' ratings, with approved reeving, published nominal breaking str e n g th s o f n e w ropes and with load and boom stationary. (2) H o i s t in g r o p e . When the hook of the hoist of any mobile crane, tower crane or d e r r ic k i s resting on the ground or equivalent elevation at least two fu ll w raps o f t h e h o is tin g rope shall remain on the drum o f such crane or derrick. (3) R e p la c e m e n t rope. Replacement ropes for an y mobile crane, tower crane or derrick s h a l l h e a t least the equivalent in strength and grade as the original ropes fu r n ish e d b y th e manufacturer or builder of such crane or derrick. (4) E y e s p l ic e s . E ye splices shall be made in an acceptable manner and rope thimbles s h a ll h e u se d in the eye. 02.28 T5B 5- 81-72  2 3 -8 .2 TFIX5E 12 IiA B oa (5) U-bolt clips. TT-bolt clips shall have the U -bolt section on the dead or short end, and the saddle on the live or long end of the rope. Spacing and number j . o f clips shall be in accordance with manufacturer's recommendation. Clips shall b e of drop-forged steel. When a new ly installed rope has been in operation for "il a t least one hour, all nuts on the clip bolts shall be re-tightened and th ey shall f be re-checked for tightness a t monthly intervals thereafter. ; (6) Special fittings. Swaged, compressed or w edge-soeket fittings shall be applied as recommended by the manufacturer o f the rope or fittings or by the | manufacturer or builder of the mobile crane, tower crane or derrick. a (7) Hope inspection, (i) DaUy. All running ropes in continuous service H on a mobile crane, tower crane or derrick shall be visually inspected a t least once every working day. fs (U) Monthly. All ropes in use on a mobile crane, tower crane or derrick shall be thoroughly inspected by a competent, designated person a t least I once a month. A full written, dated and signed report of each such inspection, which shall include the condition of all ropes, shall be kept on file on the job site available for examination by the commissioner. Any rope damage or deterioration which might result in appreciable loss of original rope strength shall be carefully noted and a determination shall be made b y the designated person as to whether continued use of such damaged or deteriorated rope constitutes a hazard. (l) Lubrication. (1) Sheave bearings. All sheave bearings on mobile cranes, tower cranes and derricks shall be regularly lubricated according to the recom mendations of the manufacturers or builders of such cranes or derricks. \ (2) Moving parts. All moving parts of mobile cranes, tower cranes and derricks for which lubrication is specified, including ropes and chains, shall be da regularly lubricated. Lubricating system s shall be frequently checked fo r proper ip delivery of the lubricant. Lubricating points shall be accessible without moving ; guards or other parts. (m) Operation near power lines. The operation o f any mobile crane, tower crane or derrick near or around any power line or power facility shall he done only in accordance with the provisions of Subpart 23-1 of this Part (rule). ` (n) 17se o f mobile cranes in concrete work. In building construction where con crete is raised by mobile cranes, such loads raised to elevations more than 150 feet - shall he deposited or discharged only in hoppers or other appropriate facilities which are so located as to permit operation of the boom of any such crane at a minimum load radius. Historical Note i Sec. added, filed May SO, 1B72 eff. June 1, 1972. 2 3 - 8 .2 Special provisions for mobile cranes, (a) Inspection. (1) A mobile , crane which is moved from one job site to another w ithout dismantling beyond m the folding of the boom and such additional dismantling as m ay be necessary for V*<] that purpose is not required to be inspected before being first erected or operated ; on each job site to which it is moved, providing the m onthly inspections are per- 1 formed on schedule. (2) The inspection and repair of mobile crane booms shall be made only when such booms are lowered and adequately supported. i (b) Footings and outriggers. (1) Footings. A firm footing shall be provided fp for every mobile crane. Where such firm footing is n ot naturally available, it /j shall be provided by substantial timbers, cribbing or other structural members 602.24 LB 5-81-72 CHAPTER I BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 2 3 -8 .2 sufficient to distribute the load so as not to exceed the safe bearing capacity of the underlying material. (2) Outriggers, (i) Means shall be provided to hold all outriggers of mobile cranes in their retracted positions while such cranes are traveling and in their extended positions when blocked for hoisting. (ii) Where used on mobile cranes, power-operated jacks shall be provided with means to prevent loss of jack support under load. (iii) Each outrigger on a mobile crane shall be visible from its actuating location. (iv) Means shall be provided to securely fasten outrigger floats to the outriggers when in use. (c) Moisting the toad. (1) Before hoisting a load the person directing the lift shall see that the mobile crane is level and, where necessary, blocked. (2) Before hoisting any load at a new job site, the boom of a mobile crane shall be test operated to its maximum height (3) Loads lifted b y mobile cranes shall be raised vertically so as to avoid swinging during hoisting except when such operations are permitted by the capacity chart. A ta g or restraint line shall be used when rotation or swinging of any load being hoisted by a mobile crane may create a hazard, (4) When a mobile crane is operated at a fixed radius, the boom-hoist pawl or other positive locking device shall be engaged. (d) Mobile crane travel. (1) A mobile crane traveling to or from one job site to another or traveling on a street or highway shall not carry any jibs, attachments, buckets or other devices or material attached in any w ay to the boom whether the boom Is in the folded position or not. Exception: A hydraulic crane where the jib is permanently hinged to the boom or any crane where the manu facturer authorizes that fee design of such crane guarantees the safe transport of the jib or other at tachments. (2) Mobile cranes shall not travel with suspended loads unless such crane is under the control o f a competent, designated person who shall he responsible for the position of the load, boom location, ground support, travel route and speed of movement. (5) A mobile crane, with or without load, shall not travel with the boom so high that it m ay bounce back over the cab. (e) CowntenoeigJits for mobile cranes. Counterweights shall be provided for and used on mobile cranes as specified by the manufacturers or builders of such cranes or by professional engineers licensed to practice in the State of New York. A mobile crane shall not be operated without the full amount of ballast or counter weight in place. Mobile cranes that do not have the ballast or counterweight attached m ay he operated temporarily with special care when handling light loads. The ballast or counterweight in place on any mobile crane shall not exceed the manufacturer's or builder's specifications. (f) Mobile crane construction. (1) Booms, (i) Booms, boom sections and jibs of every mobile crane shall he constructed of suitable steel and shall he used only for the purposes recommended by the manufacturer or builder of such mobile crane. (ii) The boom of any mobile crane shall not be raised from the level of the surface on which the crane rests other than by the use of its own hoisting capabilities. The design, construction and length of any boom shall he such 602.25 LB 5-31-72  23-8.2 T E E L 12 LABO R that there is no undue stress imposed on the crane structure or mechanism during such raising operations. (iii) Boom stops shall he provided on mobile cranes to prevent over topping. (iv) Any boom extension used on a mobile crane which is not provided by the manufacturer or builder of the crane shall he designed by a professional engineer licensed to practice In the State of N ew Tork. A copy of the design plans for such boom extension shall be kept a t the job site available for examination by the commissioner. (2) Braking mechanism,. In addition to the hoisting mechanism brakes re quired by this Subpart, every mobile crane shall be provided with the following: (i) An adequate braking mechanism for the boom hoist. (ii) A swing lock or swing brake capable of preventing rotation. (Iii) A brake or other equivalent device adequate to bring the mobile crane to a stop from any travel for which such crane is designed, together with a means of locking such mobile crane so as to hold it stationary. (3) Boom sheave guard. The sheave at the end o f a mobile crane boom on which the hoisting rope operates shall be provided w ith a guard to prevent the rope from leaving the sheave in case of rope slack or any other condition. (g) Mobile crane capacity charts. (1) Load ra tin g s fo r mobile cranes, (i) Load ratings sail not exceed the percentages listed in Table XVH of this Suhpart of the tipping loads for mobile cranes. (ii) The stability of mobile cranes will be influenced by such factors as freely suspended loads, track, wind or ground conditions, condition and in flation of tires, boom lengths and proper operating speeds for existing condi tions. All such factors shall be taken into account in determining mobile crane stability. TABLE XVH MAXIMUM LOAD RATINGS FOR MOBILE CRANES Type of mobile crane mounting Maximum, load ratin gs (Percentages of tipping loads) Crawler without ou triggers........................................ 75 Crawler, outriggers fully extended ......................... 85 Truck and wheel mounted (w ith or w ithout out riggers fully extended) .......................................... 85 (2) Mobile crane capacity chart required, (i) Every mobile crane shall be provided with a capacity chart w hich shall be posted and maintained clearly legible in the cab of the crane visible to the crane operator from his operating position. Such chart shall set forth the safe loads which may be hoisted by such crane at various lengths of boom at various boom angles and radial dis tances. Where outriggers are provided, such safe loads shall b e set forth on the capacity chart with and without the use o f the outriggers. Such chart shall also indicate whether or not such handling accessories as hooks, blocks and slings are included. (ii) Unless furnished by the manufacturer or builder of the mobile crane, the required capacity chart shall toe prepared and certified by a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of N ew Tork and a copy thereof submitted, on request, to the commissioner. (iii) No load shall be lifted b y any mobile crane th a t exceeds the relevant maximum specified by its capacity chart. 602.26 LB 5-31-72 CHAPTER I BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-8.3 (h) Boom, angle indicator. Every mobile crane having' either a boom exceeding 40 feet in length or a maximum rated capacity exceeding 15 tons shall he provided with an approved boom angle indicator. Such boom angle indicator shall indicate the boom angle in degrees and shall be clearly visible to the mobile crane operator from his operating position at all times. Such boom angle indicator shall emit a visible or audible warning signal whenever the boom angle is unsafe. Exception: Boom angle indicators are not required to be opera tive when such mobile cranes are used for excava tion work with clamshells or dragline buckets. (i) Unauthorized operation. The operator's cab of every mobile crane shall be kept locked whenever the operator is not present. No unauthorized person shall enter the cab of or remain immediately adjacent to any mobile crane in operation. Ignition locks, locking bars or other equivalent devices shall be provided to prevent unauthorized operation of mobile cranes. (j) Operation of a mobile crane w ith a demolition ball. In addition to the gen eral requirements of this Part (rule) for mechanical demolition, the operation of a mobile crane w ith a demolition ball shall be subject to the following provisions: (1) The weight of any demolition ball shall not exceed 50 percent of the safe load capacity of the hoom length used a t Its lowest angle of operation. (2) During operation with a demolition ball the swing of the boom shall not exceed 30 degrees from the center line, front to hack, of the crane mounting. (3) The windows of such crane cabs shall he constructed of shatterproof glass or shall he protected by adequate metal screens. (4) The load line and the attachment of the demolition ball to the load line shall be inspected at least twice daily. (5) Truck-mounted mobile cranes without outriggers shall not be used with a demolition ball. Historical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1072 eS. June 1,1972. 2 3 -8 .3 Special provisions for tower cranes, (a) Tower creme erection. (1) Every tower' crane used in construction shall be erected in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and under the supervision of a competent, desig nated person experienced in tower crane erection. (2) Prior to the erection of any tower crane the ability of the supporting system, including slabs, foundations and the underlying soil to support the loads intended to be imposed thereon shall be certified by a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York. (3) Tower cranes shall he erected so that the jibs and counterweights can swing 860 degrees without striking any building, structure or any other object. (4) Prior to initial use, a newly erected tower crane shall undergo a static overload test in the direction of least stability. Such test shall consist of sus pending a load at the rated load and at the maximum radius for a period of at least one hour. Subsequent to such test, settlement of the equipment and load hearing foundation shall be within the limits specified by the tower crane manu facturer. A written report of such test shall be kept on the job site available for examination by the commissioner. (b) Tower crane capacity chart. Every tower crane shall he provided with a capacity chart which shall he posted and maintained legible in the cab of the crane clearly visible to the operator from his operating position. Where a remote control stand is used a duplicate o f such capacity chart shall he affixed to such control stand. Such capacity chart shall be furnished by the manufacturer of the crane and shall 802.27 LB 5-31-72  2 3 -8 .3 TPCIB 12 liA BO R Include a full and complete range' o f crane load ratings at all stated operating radii f o r each allowable speed and for each recommended counterweight loading. (c) Tower crane construction. (1) li m i t switches. lim it switches w hich shall be sealed against unauthorized tampering shall he provided a s follows: (1) To limit trolley travel a t either end of the Jib'. (U)-' To limit load Woek upward motion to prevent two-Mocldng. (ai)' To limit the load being lifted to no more than 110 percent o f th e rated load upon completion o f the static overload test as specified in paragraph (a) (4)' of this section 28-8.8, above. (2) Cabs and remote control stations. (1) Tower crane cabs a n d remote control stations for such cranes shall he protected from falling ob jects and material and from the dem ents. (H) Cab windows shall he constructed of transparent sa fety glazing material and shall provide clear visibility in all directions. (Hi) Cabs and remote control stations for tower cranes shall be heated to a temperature of a t least 60 degrees Fahrenheit during cold weather whenever occupied. (lv) Cabs and remBte control stations for tower cranes shall he adequately ventilated. (3) Accessibility. Adequate and safe means of access to and eg ress from th e cabs and machinery platforms of tower cranes shall be provided. W here it is necessary to inspect the jib attachments located on the jib of any tow er crane, a footwalk with suitable handrails shall he provided for such inspections. (4) Brakes. In addition to th hoisting brakes required by this Subpart, tower cranes shall be provided with the following: (i) Slewing brake. Every tower crane shall be provided w ith a brake having adequate holding power in either direction to prevent m ovem ent of the jib when desired during normal crane operation. Such brake sh all he capable of being set in the holding position and kept there without attention from the operator, (ti)' Trolley brake. The trolley of every tower crane shall he provided with an automatic brake or device capable o f Stopping movement of the trolley in case of trolley rope breakage. (5) ' Electrical equipment, (i) AH electrical equipment o f tower cranes shall be grounded. (ii) AH tower cranes shall he provided with Hghtning protection. (iii) AH controls of tower cranes shaH he of the deadman type. (iv) In the event of power faHure, all tower crane brakes shaH be' set automatically. (6) Climbing jacks. Where climbing jacks are provided for tow er cranes su ch jacks shall he equipped w ith over-pressure relief valves, pressure g a g e s and cheek valves designed to retain pressure in case of hydraulic line failure. (7) Wind velocity device. Every tower crane shaH Ibe provided w ith a device fo r measuring wind velocity. The sensing portion of every such device shall he mounted on the highest point of the crane while the readout of every such device shaH he located in th cab or remote control station of the tower crane. (8) Counterweights. Counterweights used on tower cranes shaH he in accord a n ce with the manufacturers' recommendations. Counterweights shall he securely fastened to the counter jib to prevent pieces from being accidentally dislodged. 12.28 E B 5-81-72 C H A P T E R I INDUSTRIAL BOARD OF APPEALS 23-8.4 Inspection and maintenance, (l) Tower cranes shall be Inspected and m ain t a i n e d in accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations. ( 2 ) Where the m ast of any tower crane runs through floor openings in the building o r o th e r structure in which the crane is mounted and the mast is secured by w edges o r b r a c e s, such w edges or braces shall be inspected for tightness and dislocation at l e a s t twice each working day. ( e ) Operation o f tow er cranes. (1) Operators. Tower cranes shall be operated only b y p erso n s who are qualified in accordance with the provisions of section 23-8.5 of this Subpart. ( 2 ) Operation in windy conditions. Tower cranes shall not be operated when the w i n d speed is at any time greater than 30 miles per hour. Tower cranes shall not be r a i s e d to new operating levels when the wind speed exceeds 20 miles per hour. ( 3 ) Operation without counterweight prohibited. No tower crane shall be operated w ith o u t the full amount of ballast or counterweight in place as specified by the m an u fa c tu r e r or builder of the crane or by a professional engineer licensed to practice in th e State of New York. Historical Note Sec. filed M ay 30,1972 eff. June 1,1972. 2 3 -8 .4 Special provisions for derricks, (a) Bracing of foot blocks. The foot b lo c k s of every derrick shall be securely supported and firmly anchored against m ove m en t i n any direction. (b ) Guys. (1) Number and spacing. The top of any guy derrick mast m ore than 25 f e e t in height shall be steadied by not less than six wire rope guys so spaced as to m a k e the angles between adjacent guys approximately equal. ( 2 ) Attachment. Wire rope guys shall be secured by either weldless steel sockets, t h im b le and splice connections, thimbles with proper size and numbers of rope clips or c a n t steel guy plates having grooved bearing surfaces of the same shape and size a s t h e wire rope thimbles, using a spliced or wire rope clip attachment. ( 3 ) Anchoring. Guys shall be attached to strong permanent construction or to sub s t a n t ia l "dead m en" securely anchored in the ground. (c) JESreast-type derricks. Breast-type derricks shall be guyed from both the front and rear. W here front guys are not possible because of derrick operation, provisions shall be m a d e to prevent such derricks from tipping over backward. Breast-type derricks w h ic h a re operated by hand power shall have hand grips securely and positively fastened to t h e sh aft and a ratchet and pawl shall be provided which will hold any load. (d ) D errick construction. (1) Materials. The mast, boom, frame and sim ilar parts of a derrick shall b e constructed of suitable steel or of selected wood of proper strength a n d durability. ( 2 ) Mast fittings. On derricks which have booms larger than the masts, the gud g e o n pins, m ast tops and goosenecks shall be securely fastened to the tops of the m asts to p r e v e n t such parts from pulling out when the booms are raised. (e ) D errick capa city charts. (1) A capacity chart shall be provided for every der r ic k and such chart shall be posted conspicuously on the job site. Unless furnished b y th e m anufacturer or builder of the derrick, the capacity chart shall be prepared and c e r t if ie d by a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York and a c o p y thereof shall be submitted, upon request, to the commissioner.  23-8.5 T IT L E 12 LABOR (2) A derrick shall not lift any load that exceeds the relevant maximum specified on its capacity chart. (f) Derrick boom raising. The boom of any derrick shall not be raised from the level of the surface on which the derrick rests other than by the use of its own hoisting ca pabilities. The design, construction and length of the boom shall be such that there is no undue stress imposed on the derrick structure or mechanism during such raising operations. Historical Note Sec. filed May 30. 1972 eff. June 1.1972. 23-8.5 Special provisions for crane operators, (a) Finding of fact. The board finds that the trade or occupation of operating cranes of the type described in subdivision (b) of this section, In construction, demolition and excavation work involves such ele ments of danger to the lives, health and safety of persons employed in such trade or occupation as to require special regulations for their protection and for the protection of other employees and the public in that such cranes may fall over, collapse, contact electric power lines, dislodge material and cause such material to fall or fall to support intended loads surd convey them safely, unless such cranes are operated by persons of proper ability, judgment and diligence. (b) Limited application of this section. This section applies only to mobile cranes having a manufacturers' maximum rated capacity exceeding five tons or a boom ex ceeding forty feet In length and to cull tower cranes operating in construction, demolition and excavation work. The word crane as used in this section refers to tower cranes and to such mobile cranes of the following type: a mobile, carrier-mounted, power-operated hoisting machine utilizing hoisting rope and a power-operated boom which moves lat erally by rotation of the machine on the carrier. (c) Certificate of competence required. No person, whether the owner or otherwise, shall operate a crane in the State of New York unless such person is a certified crane operator by reason of the fact that: (1) he holds a valid certificate of competence issued by the commissioner to op erate a crane; or (2) he is at least 21 years of age and holds a valid license issued by the Federal government, a State government or by any political subdivision of this or any other State and such license has been accepted Inwriting by the commissioner as equivalent to a certificate of competence Issued by him; or (3) he is a person who: (1) is at least 21 years of age and is employed by the Federal government, the State or a political subdivision, agency or authority of the State and is operating a crane owned or leased by the Federal government, the State or such political sub division. agency or authority and his assigned duties Include operation of a crane; (ii) is at least 21 years of age and is employed only to test or repair a crane and is operating it for such purpose while under the direct supervision of a certified crane operator; or under the direct supervision of a person employed by the Federal government, the State or a political subdivision, agency or authority of the State and his assigned duties include the operation of a crane: (iii) an apprentice or learner who is at least 18 years of age and who has the permission of the owner or lessee of a crane to take Instruction in its operation and is operating such crane under the direct supervision of a certified crane operator or under the direct supervision of a person employed by the Federal government. 602.30 LB 4-30-91 CH A PTER I INDUSTRIAL BOARD O F APPEALS 23-8.5 the State or a political subdivision, agency or authority of the State and whose as signed duties include the operation of a crane. (d> Application forms and photographs. An application for a certificate of compe tence or for a renewal thereof shall be made on forms provided by the commissioner. Upon notice from the commissioner to an applicant that a certificate of competence or a renewal thereof will be issued to him. the applicant must forward photographs of himself in such numbers and sizes as the commissioner shall prescribe, and such pho 'v tographs must have been taker, within 30 days of the request for such photographs. (e) Physical conditions. No person suffering from a physical handicap or illness, such a s epilepsy, heart disease, or an uncorrected defect in vision or hearing, that might diminish his competence, shall be certified by the commissioner. (f) Experience required. An applicant for a certificate of competence must be at least 21 years of age and must have had practical experience in the operation of cranes for at least three years and, in addition, have a practical knowledge of crane mainte nance. (g) Examining board. The commissioner may appoint an examining board which shall consist of at least three members, at least one of whom shall be a crane operator who holds a valid certificate of competence issued by the commissioner, and at least one of whom shall be a representative of crane owners. The members of the examining board shall serve at the pleasure of the commissioner and their duties will include : (1) the examination of applicants and their qualifications, and the making of rec ommendations to the commissioner with respect to the experience and competence of the applicants; (2) the holding of hearings regarding appeals following denials of certificates; 13) the holding of hearings prior to determinations of the commissioner to suspend or revoke certificates, or to refuse to issue renewals of certificates; (4) the reporting of findings and recommendations to the commissioner with re spect to such hearings ; (5) the acts and proceedings of the examining board shall be in accordance with regulations issued by the commissioner. (h) General examination. Each applicant for a certificate of competence will, and each applicant for a renewal thereof may, be required by the commissioner to take an appropriate general examination. (i) Operating examination. An applicant who passes the general examination will also be required to take a practical examination in crane operation, except that the comm issioner may waive this requirement with respect to an applicant for a renewal o f a certificate of competence. (j) Contents of certificate. Each certificate of competence issued shall include the nam e and address of the certified crane operator, a brief description of him for the purpose of identification and his photograph. (k) Term of certificate. Each certificate of competence or renewal thereof shall be valid for three years from the date issued, unless its term is extended by the commis sioner or unless it is sooner suspended or revoked. The commissioner may extend the term of any certificate of competence as he may find necessary to relieve a certified operator of unnecessary hardship.1 (1) Carrying certificate. Each certified crane operator shall carry his certificate on h is person when operating any crane and failure to produce the certificate upon request b y the commissioner shall be presumptive evidence that the operator is not certified. 602.31 LB 4-30-91 1 23-9.1 TITLE 12 LABOR (m) Renewals. An application for renewal of a crane operator's certificate o f com- A petence shall be made within one year from the expiration date of th e certificate sought ft to be renewed, except that the com m issioner m ay extend the tim e to make su ch appli- ' < cation to prevent any undue hardship to a certified crane operator. (n ) Suspension, revocation, refusal to renew, denials o f certificates, hearings. (1) The commissioner may, upon notice to the interested p arties and a fter a hear ing before the examining board, suspend or revoke a certificate of com petence upon Jjk finding that the certified operator has failed to comply with an order of the com m is- Fp sioner or that the certified operator is not a person of proper com petence, judgm ent or ability in relation to the operation of cranes, or for other good cause show n. (2) Prior to a determination by the com m issioner not to renew a certifica te of competence, the comm issioner shall require a hearing before the exam ining board upon notice to the interested parties. (3) (i) An applicant whose application for a certificate has been denied by the commissioner may, upon his written request made to the com m issioner w ith in SO days after the m ailing or personal delivery to him of a notice of such d en ial, have a hearing before the exam ining board. (ii) Such hearing shall be held by the exam ining board which shall m ak e its recommendations to the com m issioner within three days after such h earin g has been concluded. A written notice of the com m issioner's decision, con tain in g the reasons therefor, shall be prom ptly given to the certified operator or app lican t, as the case may be, and to any interested parties who appeared at the h earing. Every such hearing shall be held in accordance w ith such regulations as the com m issioner may establish. H istorical Note Sec. filed M ay 30,1972; am d . filed A pril 2,1991 eff. A pril 17, 1991. A m ended (b ). I SUBPART 23-9 POWER-OPERATED EQUIPMENT Sec. 23-9.1 23-9.2 23-9.3 23-9.4 23-9.5 Application of this Subpart General requirem ents Conveyors and cableways Pow er shovels and backhoes for m aterial handling Excavating machines used Sec. 23-9.6 23-9.7 23-9.8 23-9.9 23-9.10 23-9.11 A erial baskets Motor trucks Lift and fork trucks Pow er buggies Pile drivers Mixing m achines H isto rical N ote S u b p art filed M ay 30, 1972 eff. J u n e 1, 1972. S e c t i o n 2 3 -9 .1 Application of this Subpart. The provisions of this Subpart shall apply to power-operated heavy equipment or m achinery used in construction, dem olition and excavation operations. These provisions sh all not apply to m aterial or p erson n el hoists (see Subpart 23-6) nor to cranes and derricks (see Subpart 23-8). H istorical Note Sec. filed M ay 30,1972 eff. Ju n e 1,1972. 2 3 -9 .2 General requirem ents, (a) Maintenance. A ll power-operated equipm ent shall be maintained in good repair and in proper operating condition at a ll tim e s. Suf ficient inspections of adequate frequency shall be made of such equipm ent to insure such maintenance. Upon discovery, any structural defect or unsafe [c o n ti n u e d ] 602.82 LB 4-30-91 C H A PT E R I BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 2 3-9 .2 co n d itio n in su ch equipm ent shall be corrected by necessary repairs or replacement. T h e serv icin g 1 and repair of such equipment shall be performed by or under the su p erv isio n o f designated persons. Any servicing or repairing of such equipment s h a ll be perform ed only w hile such equipment is at rest. (h ) O peration. (1) A ll power-operated equipment used in construction, demo litio n or excavation operations shall be operated only by trained, designated p erson s a n d a ll such equipment shall be operated in a safe manner at all tim es. (2) O perators of power-operated m aterial handling equipment shall remain a t the co n tro ls w hile any load is being handled. ( c ) L oading. Power-operated m aterial handling equipment shall not be loaded in e x c e ss o f th e m anufacturer's design live load rating. A ll loads shall be properly trim m ed to p reven t dislodgm ent of any part of such loads during transit. (d ) P ro te c tio n of moving parts.' Gears, belts, sprockets, drums, sheaves and a n y p oin ts o f con tact betw een m oving parts of power-operated equipment or m a c h in e s w hen n o t guarded by location shall be guarded in compliance w ith this P art (r u le ) and w ith Industrial Code Part (rule) 19. ( e ) R efu elin g. W hile refueling, the engines of power-operated equipment or m a ch in es sh a ll be stopped except for turbo-charged diesel engines which are re fu e le d th ro u gh a special connection which prevents exposure of the fuel to the a tm o sp h ere. Open flam es and any spark producing devices shall be kept a safe d ista n c e a w a y from any area where engines are being refueled. Persons shall not sm o k e or ca rry lighted sm oking m aterials in such area. ( f ) E n g in e exhaust. Steam or exhaust gases from power-operated equipm ent s h a ll be d isch arged a t a point where such steam or gases w ill not contam inate th e a ir in a w orking zone. Such discharges shall be in compliance w ith any regula tio n s, orders, or law s prom ulgated by any authority concerned w ith air pollution. ( g ) E q u ip m en t a t rest. The operators of m aterial handling equipment sh all n o t lea ve su ch equipm ent while loads, buckets or blades are suspended. A ny such lo a d , b u ck et or blade sh all be brought to rest on blocks, shall be lowered to the grou n d , g ra d e or equivalent surface or shall be brought to the low est end o f travel o f th e equipm ent. (h ) R o ll-o ver protection required. (1) Roll-over protective structure, (i) A ny new self-p rop elled earth-m oving, excavating or grading equipment or m a ch in es, w hether mounted on crawlers or wheels, which is sold or offered for sa le in N ew York State after January 1, 1973 shall be equipped w ith an ap proved roll-over protective structure when such equipment is used or intended to h e u sed a t any location in N ew York State subject to the provisions o f th e L abor L aw or of th is Part (rule). Such equipment shall include: grader; bull dozer; tractor (prim e mover) having a manufacturer's rated flyw heel horse pow er o f 50 or m ore; front end loader w ith bucket capacity rated by the manu fa ctu rer a t one cubic yard or more; scraper and off-highway type hauler h a v in g capacities rated by the manufacturers at five cubic yards or more. ( ii) A ny self-propelled earth-moving, excavating or grading equipm ent or m ach in es, w hether mounted on crawlers or w heels, which has been m anu fa ctu red a fter July 1, 1971 and before December 31, 1972, and which is sold or offered fo r sale in N ew York State, shall be equipped w ith an approved roll over p rotective structure by July 1, 1973, when such equipment is used or in ten d ed to be used a t any location in New York State subject to the provisions of th e Labor Law or of this P art (rule). ( iii) Such roll-over protective structure shall be designed, constructed and in sta lled to protect the operator in the event of accidental overturning of such equipm ent. 602.38 U S 6-31-72  2 3 -9 .3 TETU E 12 IABOR (2) A pproved seat b elt required. A ny equipment required b y th is P a rt (rule) to have an approved roll-over protective structure shall also be p rovid ed w ith an approved seat belt for each se a t Such seat belt shall be -used b y th e operator whenever the equipment is being operated. Exception: T racto rs w ith pipe-laying equipm ent in s ta lle d a r e n o t required to be provided w ith th e ro ll-o v er p ro te c tio n . (i) Riding. Persons shall not ride on the loads, b u c k e ts, blades, balls, hooks, or sim ilar parts of power-operated equipm ent or m ach in es. H istorical N ote S ec. a d d ed , filed M a y 30, 1972 eff. J u n e 1.1972. slings, 23-9.3 Conveyors and cableways, (a ) W alkways. W alk w ays alon g and ad jacen t to conveyor belts shall be kept free of m aterials and sh a ll be u n ob stru cted for their entire length. Where such w alkways are located three fe e t o x m ore above the ground, grade, floor or equivalent surface such w alkw ays sh a ll b e provided w ith a sa fety railing constructed and installed in compliance w ith th is p a r t (ru le). (b) Trippers. Where trippers are used to control discharge o f m aterials from conveyors devices for throw ing the b elt drives into neutral sh a ll b e in sta lled a t both, ends of the runways. (c) Spillage. Where conveyor belts cross over any sidew alk, s tr e e t, highw ay, or any other area where persons m ay work or pass, trays of sufficient siz e to catch any spillage from such belts sh all be installed. (d) Overhead protection. Where persons work or pass d ir e c tly beneath a con veyor, overhead protection in compliance w ith this P art (ru le) s h a ll b e provided. (e) Signal system required. A signal system in com pliance w ith Subpart 23-6 of this Part (rule') shall be used in conjunction w ith conveyors fo r sta rtin g and stopping and for the raising and lowering of loads. (f) Riding prohibited. No person shall ride any conveyor b elt o r th e bucket or load handled by any cableway. H istorical N ote S e c . added, filed M a y 30, 1972 eff. J u n e 1.1972. 23-9.4 Power shovels and backhoes used for m aterial h a n d lin g . W here power shovels and backhoes are used for m aterial handling, such eq u ip m en t and the use thereof shall be in accordance w ith the follow ing provisions: (a) Strength. Such equipment shall he so constructed, p la ced and operated as to be stable. Such equipment shall not be stressed beyond th eir c a p a c itie s as deter mined by the m anufacturers. (b) Inspection. (1) Such equipment shall be thoroughly in sp ected by desig nated persons at intervals not exceeding three m onths. (2) Inspection and repair of each such machine sh all b e p erform ed w ith the m otor stopped and w ith the boom lowered and adequately su p p orted . (3) A written, dated record of the m ost recent in sp e c tio n o f each such machine shall be made on a form supplied by the com m ission er and sh all he signed by the designated person m aking such inspection. S u ch w ritten record sh all be kept on the job site available for exam ination b y th e com m ission er. (c) Footing. Firm, lev el and stable footing shall be p ro v id ed fo r each such machine. W here such footin g is not otherw ise supplied, it sh a ll be provided by substantial tim bers, cribbing or other structural mem bers in su ffic ie n t num bers and 6 02.34 L B 6-31-72 CHAPTER I BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-9.5 of sufficient size to distribute the load so as not to exceed the safe bearing capacity of the underlying m aterial. (d) Hoisting m echanism brakes and locking devices. (1) Such equipment shall be provided w ith brakes or equivalent devices capable of sustaining at rest one i and one-half tim es the maximum rated load. (2) Hand or fo o t operated brakes or equivalent devices shall be provided i with substantial lock in g mechanisms to lock such brakes or equivalent devices ; while they are engaged. i (e) A ttachm ent of load. (1) Any load handled by such equipment shall be suspended from the bucket or bucket arm by means of w ire rope having a safety factor of four. ' (2) Such w ire rope shall be connected by means of either a closed shackle * or a safety hook capable of holding at least four tim es the intended load. ?, (f) Lim itation on modifications. No modifications affecting the load handling capacity of such m achines shall be made unless the modification is certified by either the m anufacturer o f the equipment or by a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of N ew York. (g) Capacity. No load shall be lifted by such equipment that exceeds the m axi mum load specified b y the m anufacturer of such equipment. (h) General operation. (1) A ny load lifted by such equipment shall be raised In a vertical plane to m inim ize swing during hoisting. (2) Such equipm ent shall not travel w ith a suspended load except on surfaces which conform to the requirem ents of subdivision (c) of this section. (3) Ignition locks or equivalent means shall be provided to prevent unauthor ized use of such' equipm ent. (4) Unauthorized persons shall not be permitted in the cab or im mediately adjacent to any such equipm ent in operation. (5) Carrying or sw inging suspended loads over areas where persons are working or passing is prohibited. (6) Operation near power lines or power facilities shall be in compliance with this P art (rule)'. H istorical N ote Sec. added, filed May SO, 1972 eff. June 1,1972. 23-9.5 E xcavating m achines, (a) Footing. Excavating machines shall n ot be used where unstable conditions or slopes of the ground or grade may cause such machines to tilt dangerously. To prevent such unstable conditions, mats of timber or equivalent m eans to afford stable footings shall be provided. (b) Protection of operator. Where an operator of an excavating machine m ay be exposed to an overhead hazard, such equipment shall be provided w ith a cab or equivalent cover affording protection against such hazard. (c) Operation. E xcavating machines shall be operated only by designated per sons. No person except th e operating crew shall be perm itted on an excavating machine w hile it is in m otion or operation. N o person other than the pitman and excavating crew shall be perm itted to stand w ithin range of the back of a power shovel or w ithin range of the sw ing of the dipper bucket while the shovel is in operation. W hen an excavating machine is not in use, the blade or dipper bucket shall rest on the ground or grade. The operator of an excavating machine shall n ot leave the controls o f such machine a t any tim e when th e m aster clutch is engaged 602.35 LB 5-31-72 said th e engine Is operating. Oiling and greasing shall be perform ed only w h ile an exca v atin g m achine is at rest and the m aster clutch disengaged. The boom o r the b u ck et, dipper or clamshell of a power shovel shall not p a ss over th e sea t or cab o f a tru ck or other vehicle while any person is in such sea t o r cab. (d ) Operation near power Tines or power facilities. The operation o f excavating m ach in es near power lines or power facilities shall be In com pliance w ith th is Part (r o le }- 1 (e ) Trenching, Material shall not be pushed manually Into th e p ath of trenching m achines. (f) Stopping or parking excavating machines. The operator o f an y excavating m ach in e shall not leave the controls of such machine u n til he h as low ered the b u ck et or blade into firm contact w ith the ground or grade surface. (g-) Backing. Every mobile power-operated excavating m achine ex cep t for craw ler mounted equipment shall be provided w ith an approved w arning device so in sta lled as to autom atically sound a warning signal when su ch m achine is backing. Such warning signal shall be audible to all persons in the v icin ity o f the m achine above the general noise level In the area. H istorical Note Sec. added, filed May SO, 1972 e ft June 1,1972. 23 -9 .6 A erial baskets, (a) Equipment inspection. P rior to th e u se of an a eria l basket th e operator shall make a daily inspection of th e equipm ent. (1) Such daily inspection shall include the follow ing: (f) A ll attachm ent welds between the actuating cylinders and th e boom or pedestal. '(if) A ll pivot pins for security of their locking d evices. (iii) A ll exposed ropes, sheaves and leveling devices for both excessive w ear and security o f attachm ent. (IV) Hydraulic system s for leaks and excessive w ear. (v) Boom and basket for cracks and abrasions. (v i) The lubrication and fluid levels. (2) A' te st operation of the hoom from the ground controls through on e com p lete cycle shall he performed by the operator. The b a sk et controls sh a ll be tested to m ake sure th at they are In proper working order. T he tru ck driver sh a ll test the truck brakes and other automative operating accessories. (3) A record of such inspection and testing shall be m ade by th e operator. S uch record shall be kept on the Job site available fo r exam ination by th e com m issioner. (4) A ll defects, malfunctions or any other conditions found during su ch in spection and te st which m ay affect the safe operation of th e a erial b a sk et shall be corrected before such aerial basket is placed in operation. (b ) Aerial basket safeguards. (1 ) Where aerial b ask et controls are so located th a t they m ay come into contact w ith obstructions, such controls sh a ll b e pro tected by guarding or equivalent protection shall be provided. (2) The lower controls a t ground or grade level sh all be capable o f over rid in g the controls located in the basket. (c ) Driving or moving of aerial basket truck. (1) A erial b ask et tru ck drivers an d aerial basket operators shall be competent designated persons w ho h a v e been trained in the operation and use of such equipment, 602.36 E B 5-81-72 CHAPTER I BO A RD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 2 3 -9 .6 (2) T he in stru m en t panel of the truck cab shall be equipped w ith an auto m atic warning" d evice, such as a ligh t or sim ilar device, to warn the driver when the boom is ra ised . (3) Driving" o r m oving the aerial basket truck w hile any person is elevated in th e b ask et is prohibited. (d) T ruck p lacem en t. Prior to aerial basket operation, the truck shall b e placed only on solid grou n d or equivalent surface to provide a substantially sound footing for the truck w h eels and outriggers. The truck shall be so located that both front and rear a xes are approxim ately horizontal, though they may be at different ele vations, so th a t th e truck does not lean sideways. Before the operation o f the basket, a person sta tio n ed on the ground shall, by signaling, the truck driver, posi tion th e truck a n d m aneuver the empty basket into the proper working position. The b ask et sh a ll th e n be returned to the ground or cradled in its traveling position. Such person sh a ll also exam ine the outriggers for proper positioning and truck stab ility. B efore su ch outriggers are lowered or extended, such person sh a ll make sure th a t no o b stru ction s or other persons are in the way. (e) A erial b a sk e t operation. (1) The use of an aerial basket as an anchoring point for a b lo ck and tackle, or as a m ake-shift boom on a straight lif t is pro h ib ited . (2) A erial b a sk et equipment designed for use as a derrick shall be equipped w ith an ap p roved boom angle indicator so that the operator w ill know th e boom angle a t a ll tim e s. A capacity chart showing safe loads, boom heights and hori zontal reach d ista n ces a t various boom angles shall be installed n ex t to the operating co n tro ls clearly legible to the operator from his operating position. (3) B efore th e basket is moved, the operator shall observe the location of all ob stru ction s and any other hazards which may be in the vicinity. The operator shall alw ays fa c e the direction in which the basket is moving or is about to move. (4 ) T he op eration of an aerial basket near power lines or power fa cilities shall be in com pliance w ith th is F art (rule). (5 ) A ll a ir or o il supply hoses for power tools used from the aerial basket shall be free o f an y conductive m aterial. (B) T he tr u c k and the aerial basket vehicle shall be adequately grounded at all tim es w hen in use or the basket shall be isolated from the truck by Insulation. (7) W here a eria l baskets are operated near power lines and power facilities, m aterials and to o ls shall not be passed between a person on the ground or grade level and a p erso n in the basket, unless both such persons are w earing highvoltage rubber g lo v es and other protective equipment, such as rubber sleev es and sa fety h a ts or ca p s. D uring such use of an aerial basket, persons shall n o t enter or leave th e tr u c k w hile the boom or basket is near or in contact w ith electrically energized equipm ent and no person on the ground or grade level shall be suffered or p erm itted t o touch the track. (8) P erso n s sh all enter or leave an aerial basket only when such b a sk et Is restin g on th e ground or grade level or cradled in the traveling position. Persons shall stan d c le a r of the path of the basket and boom when such basket is being low ered. A ny m ovem ent of the vehicle while persons are elevated in th e basket is prohibited. (9 ) W hile p erson s are in the elevated basket, persons on th e ground or grade level sh a ll n o t en ter the area directly beneath such basket except when required by the p ersons in the basket. (10) T ools, equipm ent and m aterials shall not be thrown from o r to the elevated b a sk et. 802.87 L B 6-81-72  2 3 -9 .7 TITLE 12 I3ABOR (11) A ll tools not In use shall be adequately secured in trays in the baskets, o r adequately secured in suitable b elt holsters. (12) Standing on the rim of the basket, placing and standing on boards across the rim of the basket or placing and standing on ladders in the basket is prohibited. (18) U nless in an em ergency situation, or upon request o f a person in the a eria l basket, the controls to lower the boom sh all be operated only by persons in the elevated basket. H istorical Note Sec. added, filed May 80, 1972 eff. June 1, 3972. 2 3 -9 .7 Motor trucks, (a) Brahe maintenance. The brakes of every motor tru ck shall be so maintained that such truck w ith fu ll load m ay be securely held on a n y grade th at may be encountered in normal use on th e job. (b ) Blochs. (1) Provision shall be made to apply w heel blocks to' any truck ascending any ramp w ith a slope steeper than one in 10 to prevent the truck from sliding in case of stall. '(2) N o person shall work under the raised body of a dump truck unless such body is securely blocked to prevent accidental low ering. (c ) hooding. Trucks shall not be loaded beyond their rated capacities and all lo a d s shall he trimmed before the trucks are moved. Loads th at are apt to become dislodged in transit shall be securely lashed in place. (d ) Baching. Trucks shall not be backed or dumped in places where persons are w orking nor backed into hazardous locations u n less guided b y a person so sta tion ed th at he sees the truck drivers and the spaces in back of the vehicles. (e ) Riding. No person shall be suffered or perm itted to ride on running boards, fen d ers or elsewhere on a truck or sim ilar vehicle except where a properly con stru cted and installed seat or platform is provided. (f) Dumping. No person shall be located w ithin the bo'dy (load-carrying por tio n ) of a truck while the dumping mechanism is being operated. (g ) Cab protector. Dump truck bodies which are loaded b y mechanical means sh a ll be equipped with suitable steel cab protectors w hich cover a t lea st the rear, quarter o f the tops of such cabs. H istorical N ote Sec. added, filed May 30, 3972 eff. June 1, 3972. 23 -9 .8 L ift and fork trucks, (a) Capacity. A m etal p late w ith legible etched or stam ped figures giving th e capacity rating in pounds shall be attached to every lift or fork truck. A pouch firm ly secured to the truck and containing a document h a v in g the follow ing information m ay be used as a m eans of identifying the loa'd r a tin g o f the truck: truck m ake, model, serial number, and load rating in pounds. (b ) N o lift or fork truck shall be loaded beyond its capacity rating. (c ) B rahes and load-elevating mechanisms. E very pow er-operated fork and lift tru ck sh all be provided w ith a lockable brake. The load-elevating mechanism shall be capable of being locked a t any elevation. (d ) Hand-lift handles. Every pallet truck having a hand-lift handle shall be provided w ith an automatic device to retain the raised load and free the frnnaic imHi it is re-engaged by the operator. (e ) Operating surfaces. No lift or fork truck sh all be used on any surface that is s o uneven a s to make upsetting likely. : 602.S8 LB 5-81-72 CHAPTER I BOARD OF STANDARDS AND APPEALS 23-9.9 (f) P ackaged masonry units. No masonry units packaged by means of wire or metal tape sh all be handled by a lift or fork truck when any part of such wire or tape binding is broken. (g) Loose masonry waits. Unless palletized masonry units are securely bound in package form , provisions shall be made to prevent spillage. (h) Support of pallets. Loaded pallets shall be kept level a t all tim es. Masonry units used a s p allet supports shall be securely lashed to the pallet and shall be of proper quality and number to provide stable footing for the load. Loose material and other unstable supports for pallets shall not be used. (i) P rotection of operator. Every fork lift truck shall be provided w ith a sub stantial overhead canopy or screen to protect the operator from falling objects and m aterials. (j) Prohibited use. No lift or fork truck shall be in m otion when the loaded forks are elevated higher than necessary to clear floor obstructions except as re quired for positioning to deposit the load. (k) R iding on forks. No person shall stand or ride on th e forks of a moving fork lift truck. (l) W arning devices. Every power-operated fork lift truck shall be equipped w ith a horn, w histle, gong or sim ilar warning device which can be actuated by the operator. Such device shall be clearly audible above the normal noise level in the work area. H istorical N ote Sec. a d d e d , filed May SO, 1972 efE. June 1,1972. 2 3 - 9 .9 Power buggies, (a) Assigned operator. N o person other than a trained and com petent operator designated by th e employer shall operate a power buggy. (b) D efective machines. No power buggy shall be operated unless it is in com pliance w ith th is P art (rule) and is in good operating condition. (c) Mechanical requirements. (1) Stability. Every power buggy shall be so designed and constructed as to withstand w ithout tiltin g the following: (i) A 45 degree turn a t fu ll rated load and maximum designed forward speed. (ii) A collision stop against wheel blockage on a level grade at full rated load and one-half maximum designed forward or full reverse speed. (ili) L ateral traversal of 10 percent grade slopes a t full rated load and m axim um designed speed. (2) B raking power, (i) Every power buggy shall be provided w ith brakes and tire surfaces capable of bringing such buggy to a fu ll stop within 25 feet on a lev el dry plank surface or frictional equivalent a t full rated load and m axim um designed speed. (ii) Brakes shall be capable of being fixed in engagem ent to hold the full load stationary On a 25 percent grade. (3) Accidental starting. The controls of every power buggy shall be so ar ranged, shielded or located that they cannot he accidentally engaged. (4) Warning devices. Every power buggy except those having maximum speeds o f three m iles per hour and upon which no person rides shall be equipped w ith an easily operable horn or other audible warning signal. Such audible hom or other sign al shall be capable of being Heard ab'Oye the normal noise level in the area. 302.39 BBS 5-31-72 2 3 -9 .1 0 Erne 12 riABO R (5 ) Beats and visibility. Every power buggy oi th e riding ty p e sh a ll b e pro vided w ith an operator's seat or standing platform designed and secu red t o pre ven t slipping off and located th at the operator m ay h ave m axim u m p ra ctica b le driving visib ility. (6 ) Speed. Every power buggy of the riding typ e sh all h e d e sig n e d or equipped th at it cannot travel faster than 12 m iles per hour on a le v e l su r fa c e . (d) Operation. Cl) Parking on grades. No pow er buggy s h a ll be l e f t un attended on any grade sufficiently steep to cause such b uggy t o c o a st I f fr e e of engine and brake resistance. (2 ) Prohibited operation. N o power buggy shall h e operated: (1) a t a speed greater than 12 m iles per hour; (ii) when carrying more than its fu ll rated load; (ill) on insecure or slippery surfaces or on su rfaces so in c lin e d o`r uneven a s to endanger stab ility; (iv) on grades steeper than 25 percent; or (v) on ramps, runways or other surfaces n o t in com p lian ce w it h this P art '(rule)'. (e) Special requirements for runways and ramps. Runways, ram p s, p la tfo rm s and other surfaces upon w hich power buggies are operated sh all co n fo rm to the follow ing requirem ents: (1 ) They shall be substantially constructed and securely su p p o rted , braced and fastened to prevent movement. (2 ) T hey shall he constructed to sustain w ithout failu re a t le a s t f o u r tim es the maximum load for w hich they are intended. (3 ) The minimum w idth inside of curbs for any ram p, ru n w ay or p la tfo rm for single lane power buggy traffic shall be tw o feet w id er than th e o u ts id e width of any power buggy operated thereon and tw o feet w ider than tw ic e s u e li buggy w idth In places where passing or two lane traffic occurs. (4 ) Ramps shall be lim ited to maximum grades o f one on fo u r. (5 ) A ll runways sh all he substantially level transversely. (6 ) Curbs in compliance w ith this P art (rule) sh all be p ro vid ed a lo n g the edges of surfaces upon which power buggies are operated as fo llo w s: (i) Curbs shall b e furnished along a ll edges w h ich are n e a r e r th a n . lO feet horizontally to the edge of any unenclosed floor area, sh a ft o r o th er o p e n space in to or through w hich a fall from such surface o f m ore th a n 2 4 in c h e s ver tica lly is possible, except as set forth in subparagraph (H i) b elow . (H) W here curbs are not required because th e b uggy is o p e r a te d on a surface n ot over 24 inches above any floor or eq u ivalen t su r fa c e b e lo w , such low er surface shall b e strong enough to sustain th e loaded p ow er b u g g y in event o f a fa ll thereon. (ffi) Curbs m ay b e om itted at actual dumping p oin ts m ore th a n 2 4 inches above an y floor or equivalent surface below if the edge over w hich' t h e dump in g occurs is provided w ith bumpers or other m eans w hich w ill e ffe c tiv e ly stop th e buggy from running over the edge w hile dumping. H istorical N ote Sec. added, filed May SO1, 1972 elf. June 1,1972. 23-9.10 P fle drivers, (a ) Footing. Before p lacing or a d van cin g a p ile driver, th e ground sh all be inspected and, where necessary for firm and le v e l fo o tin g , crib bing or tim ber m ats shall be provided to assure stab ility fo r th e p ile d r iv e r 1. A fter 602.40 E B 5-81-78 99B CHAPTER I b o a r d o f s t a n d a r d s a n d a p p e a l s 23-9.11 placing or advancing a pile driver, inspection and correction of the footing shall be made a s n ecessary to m aintain such stability. (b) Inspection. A ll pile driving equipment shall be inspected daily before th e start o f w ork and ev ery defect or unsafe condition shall he immediately corrected before p ile driving operations are begun. (c ) P ro tectio n o f operator. The operator of every pile driver shall be protected from fa llin g objects o r m aterials, steam , cinders and w ater by a substantial covering. (d) Q ualifications of operators. Each member of the pile driving crew sh all be properly in stru cted in th e work he is to perform and the pile driving operation sh a ll be in ch arge of a train ed , designated person who alone shall direct the work an d give th e op eratin g sig n a ls. (e) B undling o f piles. The preparation of the piles shall be done at a safe d is tance from th e driving operation. During the hoisting of piles, all persons n ot actually engaged in operating the equipment and handling the piles shall be k ep t from th e area. (f) W hen not in use. 'When any pile driver is not in use the hammer sh a ll be chocked or blocked in th e leads or lowered to the ground or grade level. Cg) T em porary interruption. The operator of every pile driver shall rem ain at the con trols w hen th e driving is interrupted until the hammer has been chocked or blocked in th e leads, or has been lowered and is resting on a driven pile or on th e ground. (h ) Steam , and a ir lines. Steam and air hose shall be securely fastened in p la ce at cou p lin gs and interm ediate points to prevent dangerous whipping of such h o se in th e ev en t o f a break . The control valves for steam and air lines shall be located w ithin e a sy reach o f th e operator at his operating position. (1) D riv in g p la tes,, cushions and striking heads. D riving plates, cushions and strik in g h ead s shall b e securely and positively fastened in such maimer as to p reven t their d islod gm en t du rin g the driving operations. (j) L adders. A ladder extending from the bottom o f the leads to the overhead sh eaves sh a ll he perm anently attached to the structure supporting the leads. (k ) 'W orking p la tfo rm s. Where a structural tower supports the leads, w ork in g platform s con sistin g o f planking a t least two inches thick, fu ll size, laid tigh t sh a ll be provided on all lev els of the leads a t which it is necessary for persons to w ork . Such p la tfo rm s sh a ll be provided w ith safety railings constructed and in sta lled in com pliance w ith th is P a rt (rule) on all sides, except on the hammer or lead sid e of th e p latform s. W here such platform s cannot be provided approved safety b e lts and life lin e s shall b e provided. (l) M a n d ril su p p o rt. M andrils shall be attached to the leads by safety ch ain s or cab les to prevent dislodging or failing during connection to piles. H istorical Note Sec. added, filed May 80, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972. 2 3 - 9 .1 1 M ixin g m achines, (a) Charging skips. Each time before ra isin g or low erin g a ch argin g skip, the operator shall make sure th at no person is lo ca ted in th e d an ger area. In addition, there shall he a safety railing constructed and in sta lled in com p lian ce w ith th is P art (rule) on both sides o f th e charging skip so arranged as to p rev en t p assag e o f any person under the raised skip. (b ) H oppers. H oppers into' which a person m ay fa il shall be effectively guarded w ith a su b stan tia l iro n gratin g consisting of crossbars o f one-half inch round sto c k 502.41 EB 5-31-72  23-10.1 r a n 12 EABOR or its equivalent, spaced not to exceed five inches between bars. M axim um openings in such grating shall be one square foot in size. (c) B ucket hoists. Where a falling hazard exists a t th e point w h ere a m ixer discharges into a bucket hoist, such point shall be guarded by location, b y a safety railing constructed and installed in compliance w ith th is P art (rule) or b y other equivalent means. (d) Flywheels. Flywheels and power transm ission m echanisms s h a ll h e kept covered and guarded against accidental contact. (e) Trough typ e mixers. The revolving blades of trough or batch ty p e m ixing mar-Wrmc g^gii be guarded with' a substantial iron grating consisting o f crossb ars o f one-half inch round stock or its equivalent, spaced not to exceed fiv e in c h e s be tw een bars and located at least five inches above the blades. H istorical Note Sec. a d d ed , filed M ay SO, 1972 eff. J u n e 1,1972. SUBPART 23-10 EXHAUST OASES FKOM rNTEKNAE COMBUSTION E N G IN E S Sea. 23-10.1 23-10.2 23-10.3 23-10.4 P rohibited em ploym ent U nsafe atm osphere M aintenance of engines Enclosed spaces Sec. 23-10.5 23-10.6 23-10.7 H istorical Note S u b p art added, filed M ay Ju n e 1,1972. E x h au st piping Special tru c k s Environm ental req uirem ents 30, 1072 eff. Section 23-10.1 Prohibited employment. No em ployer shall require a n y per son to work in an atmosphere containing exhaust gases in a concentration tending to injure health. H istorical Note Sec. a d d ed , filed M ay 30, 1272 eff. J u n e 1, 1972. 23-10.2 U nsafe atmosphere. An atmosphere in which exhaust g a ses a r e visib le or create irritating or nauseous fum es shall be presumed to contain such g a s e s in a concentration tending to injure health. No contrary presum ption sh a ll o b ta in by reason of th e absence of such visibility or of such fum es. H istorical N ote Sec. a d d ed , filed M ay 30, 1972 eff. J u n e 1,1972. 23-10.3 Maintenance of engines. A ll internal combustion engines a n d their accessories shall, as far as Is practicable, be kept in such repair and a d ju stm en t as to create no gases other than those incidental to normal operation. G a sk ets, m ani fold, m ufflers, exhaust piping and all connections shall be m aintained fr e e o f leak s and secured against displacement. H istorical Note Sec. a d d ed , filed M ay 30, 1972 eff. J u n e 1, 1972. 23-10.4 Enclosed spaces. No stationary internal combustion en gin e sh a ll be operated under any conditions which allow introduction of its exhaust g a se s in to any occupied enclosed space. The operation of other internal combuslon e n g in e s w ith in 602.42 IiB 5-81-72 CHAPTER X BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEARS 23-11.1 such a sp a ce is proh ib ited except for the necessary entrance and departure of v eh i cles and e x cep t w hen such space is so ventilated as to assure an atm osphere free from ex h a u st g a se s in a concentration tending to .injure health. H istorical N ote Sec. ad d ed , S le d May 30, 1972 eff. J u n e 1, 1972. 2 3 -1 0 .5 E x h a u st piping. The exhaust piping of each internal combustion en gin e sh a ll be so in sta lle d a s to discharge exhaust gases aw ay from the operator and a n y oth er p esron s w o rk in g or passing nearby. I H istorical Note Sea added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972. 2 3 -1 0 .6 S p e c ia l track s, (a ) E very motor truck used for th e transportation of rea d y m ixed con crete or other m aterial, which requires th e continuous op eration of a n y en g in e a tta ch ed to such truck during loading and unloading, shall be equipped w ith ex h a u st p ip in g to discharge above the truck a ll exh au st gases created during load in g or unload in g. (b ) T he ow ner, contractor, or h is agent or any other person in charge o f a n y job w h ere su ch tru ck s are used, shall provide such supplem entary piping or oth er eq ilip m en t a s m a y b e necessary to divert th e exhaust gases from the b reath in g zone of any persons. H istorical Note Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972. 2 3 -1 0 .7 E nvironm ental requirem ents. Exhaust gases from internal com bustion en gin es sh a ll be discharged into the atm osphere in accordance w ith the rules an d reg u la tio n s o f ap p rop riate jurisdictional authorities concerned w ith environm ental con d ition s. H istorical N ote Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1,1972. SUBPART 23-11 U SE OP EXPLOSIVES Sec. 23-11.1 G eneral requirem ents 23-11.2 Preparations for blasting 23-11.3 L oading or charging operations Sec. 23-11.4 Blasting or firing operations 23-11.5 Reentry of blasting area H istorical N ote Subpart added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1,1972. j) S e c tio n 2 3 -1 1 .1 General requirem ents. [A dditional statutory authority: L abor L aw , 2 0 0 , 241, 241-a, 242] (a) Application o f Subpart. The provision s of th is S u b p art a p p ly to all construction, dem olition and excavation operations in w h ich ex p lo siv es a re u sed in addition to the provisions of Industrial Code P art (ru le) 39 r e la tin g to th e "P ossession, Handling, Storage and Transportation of E xplosives'' as w e ll a s th e p ro visio n s of article 16 o f th e Labor L aw printed w ith said P a rt (ru le) 39. N o te: T he detonation of explosives near pipes conveying combus tib le gas is subject to the provisions of section 322-a of the General Business Law. 602.48 LB. fi-30-78 23-11.2 T T n iB 12 LABOIl (b) The Waster. A t each construction, demolition or excavation site where explosives are being used, a person shall be designated b y the employer, owner, contractor or his agent to perform the duties of a blaster as specified hereinafter and no person other than the blaster shall perform such duties. Every blaster shall hold a certificate of competence issued by the comm issioner pursuant to the pro visions of Industrial Code Part (rule) 39. (c) Handling explosives. Only the blaster and com petent persons designated by the owner of the explosives or his agent, under the general supervision of the blaster shall handle explosives. (d) Prohibited explosives. Black powder, straight nitroglycerin and deteriorated or frozen dynamite are prohibited for use in any construction, demolition or excava tion blasting operations. H istorical N ote Sec. added, filed M ay 3, 1972; am d. (b). filed J u n e 22,1973 eft. A ug. 1, 1973. A m e n d ed 2 3 -1 1 .2 Preparations for blasting, (a) Equipment inspection. Each day be fore being used all blasting equipment shall be inspected b y the blaster. A ll equip ment defects which may affect the safety of any person sh all be corrected before such equipment is used. (b) Drilling. (1) Drilling area inspection. The area in which drilling is to be performed shall be inspected for hazards before any drilling is started in such area. (2) Drill movement. When any drill is being moved from one location to another the drill steel, tools and other equipment shall be secured and the mast shall be placed in a safe position. (3) Drill crews. A ll persons shall stay clear of augers or drill stem s which are in motion. Persons shall not pass under or step over any m oving auger or drill stem. Persons shall not be located on the m ast w hile the drill is in operation. (4) Drill attendants. Drills shall be attended a t all tim es during operation. (5) Power failure. In all cases of power failure drill controls shall be placed in neutral positions until power is restored. (c) D rill holes. (1) Size of holes. A ll drill holes sh all be of sufficient size for the explosives being used. The size shall be such th at the explosive cartridges shall easily reach the bottom of the hole w ithout forcing or ramming. (2) Hole hazard. Drill holes large enough to constitute a falling hazard shall be covered or guarded if left unattended prior to blasting. (3) Deepening holes. D rilling in any hole that has a t any tim e contained explosives is prohibited. (4) Hole intersection. Holes shall not be drilled where there is a danger of intersecting any charged or misfired hole. H istorical N ote Sec. added, filed May 30, 3972 eff. June 1,1972. 2 3 -1 1.3 Loading or charging operations, (a ) The charging or loading of ex plosives into holes shall only be performed by or under the general supervision of the blaster. (b) Explosives shall not be brought into the blasting area u n til immediately before the holes axe to be loaded and when other prelim inary work has been com pleted. (c) The loading of holes shall be followed by firing w ithout undue delay. 602.44 L B 6-30-78 CHAPTER I BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEARS 2 3 -1 1 .4 (d) Explosives shall he kept separated from detonators until loading is started. (e) The amount of explosives brought into the blasting area shall he lim ited to the amount necessary for the blast. If after loading, however, there are any unused explosives or detonators, they shall he removed to a safe distance from the blasting area. (f) N o activity of any nature other than that is required for loading holes with explosives shall be perm itted in a blasting area. (g) Explosives shall not be removed from original wrappers before being loaded into the holes except when irregularities of holes prevent the use o f whole cartridges with safety or in blockholing where small charges are desirable. This subdivision shall not apply to free running explosives. (h) The blaster shall be responsible for the control of explosives and detonators in the blasting area to prevent th eft or loss and for the return of unused explosives and detonators to the m agazine. Historical Note S e c . a d d e d , filed M ay SO, 1972 e ft. J u n e 1, 1972. 23-11.4 B lasting or firing operations, (a) Firing. The firing of any explosive shall be performed only by the blaster. (b) Detonator connection. (1) A ll detonator connections shall be made by the blaster or a designated competent person under his direct supervision. (2) The leg w ires of detonators shall be kept short-circuited until connected to a blasting circuit or to leading wires. The power source end of such blasting circuit or leading w ires shall be short-circuited during the tim e connections are being made at th e holes and until attached to the blasting machine or to the power circuits. (c) Blasting circuits. (1) A ll electric circuits used for the firing of ex plosives shall be ungrounded circuits and shall be thoroughly insulated. D eteri orated or damaged w ire sh all not be used in any blasting circuit. (2) Testing of Wasting circuits. Before firing, electric blasting caps and blasting circuits shall be tested. Such tests shall be performed only by the blaster. Such testin g shall be performed by the use of a blasting galvonom eter designed for the testin g of blasting circuits. (3) Firing switch. When firing explosives hy means of a blasting circuit, such firing shall be controlled by a switch located outside the danger zone. Such switch shall be fixed in position and wholly enclosed in a tig h t box which shall be kept locked a t a ll tim es except when firing. No person other than the blaster shall have access to the sw itch. Such switch shall be provided w ith a shortcircuit in the "OFF" position and shall be so arranged th at th e box can be locked only when the sw itch is in the "O IF" position. (4) Blasting circuit plugs. Each blasting circuit shall be broked in a t least one place on the incom ing side of the switch by a gap of a t least five feet at all tim es during the firing operation. The connections at such gap shall be made by means of plugs. (d) B lasting machine. B lasting machines of any type and leading w ires shall be under th e direct supervision of the blaster. Every blasting machine shall be located a safe distance from the blasting area. Such safe distance sh all be deter mined by th e blaster. The leading w ire shah not be connected to a blasting machine until im mediately before the tim e of firing and shall be disconnected and shortcircuited im m ediately after such fixing. 602.45 L B 5-31-72 23-11.5 TFTLE 12 I3ABOR (e ) Wiring by means of fuses. Firing of explosives by m eans of fu ses shall be in com pliance w ith th e follow ing requirements: (1) Fuses shall not be less than 48 inches in length. (2) Fuses shall not be kinked, bent sharply or handled in a rough manner. (3) Fuses shall be cut and capped in safe, dry locations. (4) B lasting caps shall be crimped to fuses only by m eans of tools specifically designed for such purpose. '(5) The blaster and at least one other person shall be present w hen lighting fu se s. (f ) B lasting mat. W herever any person may be endangered from the material being blasted, such m aterial shall be covered on all exposed sides w ith a strong w oven m atting of w ire rope not less than one-half inch in diam eter, or other equiva len t covering which w ill be effective in preventing p articles from bein g projected into th e air by the blast. (g ) B lasting operations during electrical storm s. A ll use and handling of explosives shall be stopped im mediately upon the approach of an electrical storm and a ll persons in the blasting area shall im m ediately retire to a place o f safety in a proper location designated by the blaster. (h ) Warning and retreat. Before the firing of any explosives all m eans of access to th e blasting area shall be effectively guarded to exclude a ll unauthorized persons. The b laster shall then sound a warning distinctly audible to all persons w ithin the b lastin g area. A ll such persons shall retire to a safe distance or to a safe shelter. Such safe locations shall be designated by the blaster. The blaster shall then exam ine th e blasting area to make certain that a ll persons have retired therefrom to a designated place of safety. No b last shall be fired w hile any person is in the blasting area. H istorical N ote Sec. a d d e d , filed H a y 30, 3.872 e ft. J u n e 1, 1972. 2 3 - 11.5 R eentry of blasting area, (a) Permission required. N o person shall return to a blasting area subsequent to firing u n til perm itted to do so by the b laster as announced by an audible signal. (b ) Misfires. Im m ediately follow ing the firing, th e b lastin g area shall be ex amined by the blaster for evidence of misfired charges. In case o f any misfired charge, a ll persons in th e blasting area shall return im m ediately to the safe loca tions. The blaster shall report such misfire to his im m ediate superior. Such misfire sh all be disposed of by the blaster in a safe and proper manner. W here a fuse has been used for firing, persons shall not return to m isfired holes fo r a t least 30 m inutes. W here electric blasting caps have been used for firing, persons shall not return to m isfired holes for a t least 15 minutes. (e) Reloaded holes. I f it is necessary to reload and refire a hole for any reason such reloading is perm issible providing the tem perature of such hole has been reduced to 150 degrees Fahrenheit or less either by w ater or b y other means. H istorical N ote Sec. a d d e d , filed M a y 30, 1972 eft. J u n e 1, 1972. 602.46 IiB 5-31-72 CHAPTER I BOARD OP STANDARDS AND APPEALS 2 4 .2 PART 24 FIRE DRILLS (Statutory authority: Labor Law, 51-a, 52) Sec. 24.0 A p p lic a tio n 24.1 G e n e ra l p ro v is io n s 24.2 D u tie s o f p e rs o n s c o n d u c tin g d rills 24.3 S u b s titu te s Sec. 24.4 U se o f e le v a to rs 24.5 D u tie s o f p e rso n s in ch arg e of b u ild in g 24.6 E m p lo y e rs', o w n e rs' resp o n sib ilities Section 24.0 [A pplication.] Part 24 is not applicable in New York City. 24.1 General provisions, (a) It shall be the duty of the owner or tenant of a factory building to conduct fire drills monthly, as required by the provisions of subdivision 2 o f section 279 of the Labor Law and at such other tim es as the com mission m ay direct; and all occupants of such building shall participate therein. (b) For the purpose of conducting such fire drills, the owner or tenant shall designate floor captains, male and fem ale searchers, squad m onitors and exit guards; he may also designate watchmen. This provision shall apply only where there are 25 or more persons employed on a floor. Where less than 25 persons are employed on a floor, there shall be at least two persons designated to perform, so far as possible, all of the duties assigned to the persons herein set forth. 24.2 D uties of persons conducting drills. (a) [Floor captain.] (1) The floor captain shall, under the supervision o f his employer, have fu ll charge of the fire drill organization on his floor. Before w ork is begun each day, he, or such assistants as the em ployer m ay designate, sh all see that all aisles are free from obstruction, that ex it doors are unlocked, and windows affording egress to places of safety unfastened; th at hallways and stairw ays are properly lighted and all obstructions removed therefrom; th a t outside stairw ays and fire escapes are made free from snow and ice, and any dangerous condition that m ay exist remedied; he shall also examine extinguishers, fire hose, fire buckets, etc. Immediately after work is commenced, he shall check up the fire drill organization list and note if the regularly assigned persons are present; if any are found to be absent, he shall assign other employees, if prac ticable, to perform their duties. (2) W here new employees are taken on, he shall Immediately notify them of the existence of the fire drill organization and give them the necessary instruc tions as to th e duties they are to perform, etc. (3) H e shall be fam iliar w ith the location of the interior alarm signal box or boxes on his floor and know how they are operated. (4) H e shall listen for the test signal each morning a t the appointed hour and In the event of th e te st signal not being heard he shall communicate w ith the superintendent or other person in charge of the building and advise him of th e fact. (5) D uring the progress of the fire drill, the orders of the floor captain sh all be final a s to the carrying out of the drill on his particular floor. (b) [W atchm an.] The watchman shall see that all doors and windows are closed and w hen necessary shall use other effective m eans to retard the spread of fire. The w atchm en shall be th e only persons permitted to remain on the floor during the progress of a fire drill. For ordinary purposes, only one watchman and a substitute m ay be designated. In special cases, however, extra watchmen m ay be assigned, but in no instance shall the number of watchmen exceed three to a floor. (o) [Seorchers.] (1) The male and fem ale searchers shall search all toilets, *L. 1321, ch. 50 transferred substance of 51-a to S28, and substance of 9 52 to S29. 603 LB 8-1-63