Document QgyQ28Ee2X3EkBkEGLJQ9j8g6
AR226-2339
Fluoropolymers
Monitoring Technical Group
September 18,2003
Agenda
Program Overview
- EPA Suggested Priority Change Discussio
Landfills Soil Sampling Biota Sampling
-*\
Possible Sources of Exposure
FPA Manufacture
Non-Fluoropolymer Products
P Impu POS
Ma
Fluoropolymer
Manufacture
S
-0
0 0 0
01
(0 Ul
High Heat Treated Applications
Low Heat Treated Applications
Point Source Emissions Population Exposure Material Flow
Trans formatio
to PFO
APFO Manufacture
Fluoropolymer Summary
Processing
Fluoropolymer Manufacture
Dry Resin
Processing
Non Fluoropolymer
Products
Aqueous Resin
Processing
APFO Manufacture
99% Reduction in emissions as
compared to prior manufacture
Air dispersion modeling
Water monitoring
-- Prior Manufacturer
- New technology baseline
Program Plant Design
LOI
LOI/other
LOI
Tim In p
Co
Ong Ong
>99%
Emissions Reduction
APFO Manufacture
Air
Dispersion Modeling Water Monitoring
LOI ECA
Fluoropolymer Summary
Processing
Fluoropolymer Manufacture
Dry Resin
Processing
Non Fluoropolymer
Products
Aqueous Resin
Processing
Non-Fluoropolymer Products
Program
Tim
Commitment to not sell APFO
outside fluoropolymer industry
LOI
Ong
>99%
Emissions Reduction
APFO Manufacture
Air
Dispersion Modeling
Water Monitoring
Fluoropolymer Summary
Processing
| Fluoropolymer
_^ Manufacture
Dry Resin
Processing
Aqueous Resin
Processing
LOI ECA
Fluoropolymer Manufacture
Global Material Balance 50% Emissions Reduction Commitment
2002 Status - 48% reduction from
the baseline
Monitoring/Modeling Commitments
- Air dispersion modeling
- Groundwater - Soil - Landfill
Program
pre-LOl pre-LOl
LOI
LOI/other Other
Other
Tim
Com 2
12/3 Ong (Tod (Tod
>99%
Emissions Reduction
APFO Manufacture
Air
Dispersion Modeling Water Monitoring
LOI ECA
Fluoropolymer Summary
>50%
Emissions Reduction
Fluoropolymer Manufacture
1Mr Dispersiol[1 ^Modeling
\ ^Vater Sampli]^
^^lonitoring
Processing
-> Dry Resin
Processing
Aqueous
->
Resin
Processine
A^^on ^ k
Processing/Articles of Commerce
Program
nTni" m
Articles of commerce testing
- "New" Articles of Commerce
LOI
12/
- "Aged" Articles of Commerce
ECA
2Q
Dispersion processors material
LOI
12/
balance Incineration testing
ECA
6/3
>99%
Emissions Reduction
APFO Manufacture
Air
Dispersion
Modeling Water Monitoring
LOI ECA
Fluoropolymer Summary
>50%
Emissions Reduction
Fluoropolymer Manufacture
t\.ir Dispersior1 ^Modeling
\ ^Vater Sampliing/ ^^[onitonng
Processing
-^ Dry Resin
-
Processing
Aqueous
->
Resin
-
Processing
r ^ o n ^J Fluo^^lymer|]----------------------------------y
Promts f
Articles of Commerce Te
Dispersion Processors M
Aged Articles of Comme
Incineration Testing
EPA Proposal
Delay "Articles of Commerce" testing and goal date an accelerate "Air dispersion modeling95 at Fluoropoly
manufacturing sites in order to expedite the process
determine if additional monitoring (and ECA) is nee
these facilities.
Impact
Program
Ti
Articles of commerce testing
2/
- "New" Articles of Commerce
LOI
i ^
wr
s
-000 Monitoring/Modeling
0
"
Commitments
10
- Air dispersion modeling
LOI
+2
ECA Technical Subgroup
Monitoring
Landfill Monitoring and Exposure Summ
Goal for Today
Understand the contribution of landfills PFOA levels in the environment
Environmental Assessment F Manufacturing Facilities/Land
1. Characterize emissions and source parameters from facility/landfill
3. Assess Environmental Exposure Potential
Landfills Are Regulated An Well Managed
Industrial landfills are subject to State waste management requirements:
- Most have engineered containment and co systems (i.e., daily and permanent)
- Extensive/frequent surface water and groundwater monitoring
- Discharges are NPDES permitted
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Typical Landfill Monitorin
Surface Water Monitoring
- Ponds - Outfalls - Stormwater - Streams
Groundwater Monitoring - Program dictated by hydrogeologic compl - Quarterly or semi-annual
Leachate Monitoring
What we have learned fro
monitoring at landfills...
Landfills On-site Summary
Item
Landfill Type
Site Wells
Site 1
Site 2
S
EnggCap
Active
So
15
13
Sampling Events
Over 20
10
On-site PFOA Range 0.058-30,500 NQ-22.8
N
(Ppb)
On-site PFOA Mean (Ppb)
2763
2.87
B GW-SW Flow (gpy)
525,600
6,664,900
2,4
I o PFOA Flux (Ibs/yr)
4.03
8.65
^siisS''
\.
Flux Calculation
Groundwater Investigation
Steering Team (GIST)
GIST Offsite Summary-3 Landf
Item
Sitel
Site 2
S
GIST Offsite Sample
1-mile
1-mile
2
# Off-site Samples
30
53
Offsite PFOA Range ND-0.636
ND-0.974
N
(Ppb)
Offsite PFOA Mean
0.04
0.185
(Ppb)
Landfills-Overall Impression
Landfills are regulated by state permits
Permits require:
- Engineering controls - Monitoring plans
Our experience demonstrates:
- Engineering controls are effective for PFO
- The monitoring conducted indicates minim
PFOA contribution to the environment
Actions
The other Fluoropolymer LOI signatori
will compare the DuPont data with thei
industrial landfill data in order to devel
an understanding of the contribution of
other landfills to PFOA environmental
loadings
ECA Technical Subgroup
Monitoring
Soil Sampling Summary
Goal for Today
Understand the significance of soil
sampling in characterizing the overall
manufacturing contribution to PFOA le
in the environment
CATT Defined Soil Ingestio
Risk Based Concentration
240 mg APFO/kg soil or 240,000 ug/kg
Based on typical child/adult exposure through ingestion scenario
Soil Exposure Scenario
Exposure assessments for soil typically consi
the topmost 1 to 2 feet of the soil column whe
accidental ingestion may occur. Exposure to deeper soils is typically only rele
in an industrial/construction setting. In that c
engineering controls and health and safety measures prevent direct exposure.
APME PFOA
Adsorption/Desorption Stud
Key Results:
- Most soil types with low to medium organic carb content displayed very low adsorption capacity.
- A high organic content soil/sludge also displayed
"Adsorption Coefficient as a function of organic
content" or "Koc'\
- Water effectively desorbs PFOA
I Conclusion: 0
0
0
0
- PFOA has low affinity for adsorption onto soils
^
PFOA Koc versus Other Chemicals*
Cape Fear
- Drummer
Hidalgo
^-- Keyport
Wilmington Sludge
*
Methylene Chloride
200
400
Low Adsorption
600 Koc (mL/g)
Napthalene
800
1000
High A
Other Soil Sampling Observati
Fine grained soils (i.e., clays and silts) can su
higher PFOA "wet weight" concentrations du
entrapped pore water Soils below the water table less likely to adso
PFOA
Weather conditions (i.e., wet or dry) at the tim sampling will affect results
Soil Sampling Summary
Two key sampling events:
In 1998 approximately 247 soil samples were colle
at a fluoropolymer facility: - Objective:
Develop concentration versus depth profiles
- Random locations throughout site
- At Solid Waste Management Unit (wastewater pond
August 2002 at an off-site location (20 samples)
630-1
620-
610-
600-
590-
580-
570-
560-
^
-0
0 0 0
Random Site Locations (PFOA in ug/kg
S
^ \
''/.;)/.
Li
(0 'oa |. Q ' I
1'.
,.
't" r.
AEE05-S B02 A 06-SE301
22.0
14.0
6.5
5.5 5.5
Z 09-SE301
CAiTT==24 0,
AC)06-S B03 AC^06-S B05
34.0 5.0 5.5
55.0
6.0
6.0
12.0
5.5
6.0
5.5 5.5
'
^.
.d ""I"'
...(3.\ e0:
'
"
0
;1:
'
.' J '' Y
5.0 5.5 5.5
6.5
5.0
5.0
5.0
16.0
6.0
5.5
12.0
5.5
6.0
Note: Sept. 1998 after 3 months normal preci
Solid Waste Management Unit (PFOA in ug CATT = 240,
610^
600-
&yu
580570560-
II////
P 04-SB102 50
11000 10000
R 04-SE$02 9500
7900
11000
Q 04-SB 170
48000
Note: Former waste management p constructed with bentonite clay lin
Off-site Location-August 2002 (PFOA in u
<CY\~n' = 240,0
600-1
h^IW--1
5W- 1
590-
OoU
570-
\// 110
> ^/ 6.1
/^
/^
7.5
V 6.9
<-ai
17.0
1.1 18.0
W (3
8.4
t
^'A-. v
y-^
170.0 13.0
3.4 3.3
NQ ND ND
560-
x- ND
,- ' a.
NQ ND
NQ
550-
'1
<
ND
A -l ^
ND ND
540-
S
1
Note: Colle ctechafter 6 wee ksof below norrnal precipi
01
M
(0
Conclusions
Adsorption/Desorption data suggests AP will not adsorb to soils
Sample data verifies that APFO does no
build up in soils
APME PFOA
Adsorption/Desorption Stud
Key Results:
- Most soil types with low to medium organic ca content displayed very low Adsorption Coeffic (Kd). Range: 0.41-8.86 mL/g
- A high organic content soil/sludge also display
relatively low Kd (12.6-36.8 mL/g)
- Water effectively desorbs PFOA
Conclusion:
m
2
- PFOA has low affinity for adsorption onto soil
0
s
EXP000632
Soil Sampling Summary
In 1998 approximately 247 soil samples were collected at a
fluoropolymer facility:
- PFOA Results Surface 0-2 ft Depth:
Site-wide: Mean 31.3 ug/kg (40 samples)
Waste Pond/Clay Liner: Mean 2,842 ug/kg (4 samp
- PFOA Results-Site Soil Boring Profile:
0-2 ft. 4-6 ft. 8-10 ft.
13.5 ug.kg Clay/Silty Clay 20.0 ug/kg Clay/Silty Clay 39.0 ug/kg Clay/Silty Clay
16-18ft.l0.5ug/kgClay/SiltyClay
20-22 ft. 20.0 ug/kg Clay/Silty Clay
40-42 ft. 11.0 ug/kg Sand
60-62 ft. 12.0 ug/kg Sand & Gravel
|-0 -*Mean PFOA across site not including waste pond: 40.16 ug/
0
000> samples)
tf> u
CATT = 240,000 ug/kg