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164 CHAPTER 12 1965 Guide And Data-Boole Table 1 ..: Relative Capacity of 30-min Activated Coconut Shell Charcoal for Contaminant Vapors Tbm capocBy fade* hot Am following nmiaktgj-- 4--~High capacity hr aO Mviati to this category. Onm pound tahmt up about 20% to 50% of it own octgfef--overripe about 1,(331%). This cetoqory fpdudmt nod of lb odat tgwfa; wblawtt 3--SrfUfutJory far aO bn in (to category. Dwt coMifnf* good epptkutioas but A* capocffr b mot as high as for catopory A' Adtorbt about 10 to 25% of A weight overupe about | (167%Jh 2 tndude* tubiioacet which on not highly adsorbed but which aright be token up mflnjeclfy to ghrm good mrvice under the portkutv ceoditiooi of operation. That* require individual diedktop. .. I--Adtorptioo capacity h low for (bo aateriaU. Activated dwrwxJ coo. no* bo aofit/uctorifr used torotnove tbaa under ordinary drexasstdaef' 3--Acetaldehyde .. 4--Acetic acid 4---Acetic anhydride " 3--Acetone ' 1--Acetylene 3--Acrolein 3--Cigarette smoke odor 4--Citrus and other fruits 'J 4--Qeantng'enmpoopds' 1 ' 3--Coal smoke odor' 3--Combustion odors ;i!, 4--Cooking odors 4--Acrylic add .3--Acrylonitrile , 4--Adhesives 4--Airwick ' 4--Alcoholic beverages 2--Amines ' > -,i 2---Ammonia 4--Amyl acetate 4--Amyl alcohol 4--Amyl ether 3---Animal odors : 3--Anesthetics 3--Corrosive gases 4--Creosote 4--Cresol. , 4--Crotonaldehyde 3---Cyclohexane 4--Cyclohexanol - ' - *:/* . 3--Cyclohexanone . .r .... 3--Cyclohexene " 4--Dead animals " ` ' 4--Decane , . 4--Decaying substances 3--Deodorants 4--Aniline ' 4--Antiseptic ' 4--Asphalt fumes . . 4--Automobile exhaust 3---Bathroom odors 4--Benzene 4--Detergents 4--Dibromoethane 4--Dzchlorobenseae', - 4--Dichlorodiflurimmpthi.no . 4--Dichloroethane ` 3--Dichloroethylene' 3--Bleaching *o*utionfl 4--Body odors ; 3--Borane 3--Bromine 4--Burned flesh 4--Burned food : - 4--Dichloroetby] ether 3--Dichloromonofluor-. , , methane .. .' 4--Dichioro-nitroethane 4--Dichloropropane'' * > 4----Dichlorotetrafluoroethahe 4--Burning fat 3--Butadiene 2--Butane 3--Butanone . 4--Butyl acetate 4--Butyl alcohol,- :_, ," ' 4--Diesel fumes.3--Diethyl amine 4--Diethyl ketone ! 4--Dimethyianiline , 4--Dimethylsuifate 3--Dioxane ' ' ,.^v , ; 4--Butyl ceDoaolve 4--Butyl chloride 4--Butyl ether 2--Butylene 2--Butyne 3---Butyraldehyde 4--Dipropyi ketone 4--Disinfectants 4--Fmhftlmmg odors 1--Ethane 2--Ether 3--Ethyl acetate 4--Butyric arid 4-- 4---Cancer odor 4--Caprylic acid 4--Carbolic arid 3--Carbon bisulfide 4--Ethyl acrylate 4--Ethyl alcohol 3--Ethyl amine 4--Ethyl benzene 4--Ethyl bromide 4--Ethyl chloride 1--Cartxm'dioxide l--Carbonmonoxide 4--Carbon, tetrachloride 4--CeOosofve 4--Charred materials 4--Cheese 2--Ethyl ether 3--Ethyl formate 3--Ethyl mercaptan 4--Ethyl silicate 1--Ethylene 4---Ethylene chlorhydrin 3--Chlorine 4--Chlorobenzene 4--Oilorobutadiene 4--Chloroform'' 4--Chloro nitrbprbpane 4--Chloropicrin ' 4--Ethylene dichkuide 3--Ethylene oxide 4--Essential oils 4--Eucalyptole 3---Exhaust fumes 4--Female odors 3--Fertiliser 3--Film processing'odors 3--Fish .odors 4--Floral scents 3--Fluorotnchloromethane 4--Food aromas , 4--Methyl butyl ketone 4--Methyl cellosolve 4--Methyl cellosolve acetate* 4--Methyl chloride . .4--7Methyl chloroform 3--Methyl ether 2--Formaldehyde 3--Formic arid 2--Fuel gases, 4--Gangrene 4--Garlic 4--Gasoline - - , 3--Methyl ethyl ketone 3--Methyl formate 4--Methyl bobutyl ketone 4--Methyl mercaptan 4--Methytcyclohexane ' . 4--Methylcydohexanol 4--Heptane 4--Heptylene' 3--Hexane 3--Hexylene 3--Hexyne 4--Hospital odors ' 4--Household odors ' 1--Hydrogen 3--Hydrogen bromide . 3--Hydrogen chloride. 3--Hydrogen cyanide 2--Hydrogen fluoride . , 4--Methylcyclobexanone . 4--Methylene chloride '3--Mildew ' 3--Mold 4--Monochlorobenzene 4--Monofluorotrichloro- methane ,, 4--Moth hafla 4--Naphtha (Coal tar) : 4--Naphtha (Petroleum). 4--Naphthalene 4--Nicotine . * 4--Hydrogen iodide ... 3--Hydrogen aelentde 2--Hydrogen sulfide 4--Incense ' 3--Indole' 2----Inorganic ohomioala . . > 2--Nitric acid 4--Nitro benzenes 3--Nitroethane' 2--Nitrogen dioxide - 4--Nitroglycerine ' 2--Njtromethane 3--Incomplete combustion 3--Industrial wastes 4--Iodine 4--Iodoform 4---Irritants 4---Isophorone 4--Nitropropahe. 4--Nitrotoluene - 4--Nonane 4--Octalene 4--Octane 4--Odorants 3--Isoprene 4i-Iaopropyt-ncetate. ... 4--Isopropyl alcohol -. 3--Isopropyl ether 4---Kerosene 4--Kitchen odors - 4--Onions 4 Organic chemicals 4-rOsone 4--Packinghouse odors 4--Paint and' redecorating odors 4--Lactic arid 4--lingering-odors 4--liquid fuels ` 4-rrIiquor odors . 4--Lubricating nil and- greases 4--Palmitic arid 4--Paper deteriorations 4--Paradichlorbenzine ' 4--Paste and glue - 3--Pentane 4--Pentanone 4--Lysol ' "f . ' ; 1 4---Masking agents^ j r~- 4--Medicinal odors 4--Melons 4--Menthol 4--Mo-captans . 3--Pentylene 3^--Pentyne: 4---Perchloroethylene - 4--PerfumeSj cosmetics 4--Perspirations 4--Persistent odors ' 3--Mesityl oxide 1--Methane 3^-Methyl acetate. 4--Methyl acrylate .. 3--Methyl alcohol 4--Methyl bromide- . 4--Pet odors 4--Phenol. 3--Phosgene 4--Pitch . 4--Plastics. 3--Poison gases - ^. QdonoU- .1 165 Table 1.... Relative Capacity of 50-min Activated Cocoriut Sheil Charcoal for Contaminant Vapors (Concfuded) 4--Popcorn and candy ^ ^--Poultry odois ^ZpropiSmldehyde 4--Propionic arid 4--Propyl acetate 4__ propyl alcohol 4__ propyl chloride 4--Propyl ether. 4--Propyl mercaptan 2--Propylene 2--Propyne 3--Putrefying substances 3__Putrescine 3--Pyridine 4--Radiation-products 4--Rancid oils 4-^Rerins 4--Reodorants 4--Ripening fruits 4--Rubber 4--Sauerkraut 3--Sewer odors , 4--Skatole 3--Slaughtering odors 4--Smog 4--Soaps 4--Smoke 3--Solvents 4--Sour rmllrH 4--Spilled beverages. . ffSfc Activated tbiMl'i tapooty for odor venaetoaembm* vith the eooeeatretioo is air, with humidity end temperature. ana with the ewul velocity wed throosb taa filter*. The number* even represent typical or 4-^-Spolled food stuffs 4---Stale odors 4--Stoddard solvent 4--Stuffiness - 4--Styrene monomer .4--Toluidxne ' - - - . 4--Trichlorethviene. . . 4--Trichloroetnane .- -.4--Turpentine 4--Urea ' 2--Sulfur dioxide 3--Sulfur trioxide 4--Sulfuric arid 4--Tar 3--Tarnishing ^ses 4--Tetrachloroethane 4--Tetrachloroethylene, 4--Theatrical makeup odors 4---Tobacco smoke odor 4--Toilet odors 4--Toluene 4--Uric arid 4--Valeric arid-: 4--Valericaldebyde 4--Varnish fumes 4--Vinegar 4--Vinyl chloride 3--Volatile materials 4--Waste products.. 3--Wood alcohol 4--Xylene ` .. * iTBire eoaditiooa vary id ipeciac matancaa. aim valoea in tne ton here been anembiad from many eoureee whirling laboratory testa and field a. nedetwi fa emmet whan tamaiMl value* wen not tniholt1 the Bother has. Gated hs opinion of tlto probabtecapacity baaed on cesarnl openenoa. Tba UUa Alette be used aa a eeoerai guide only. replaced by clean outdoor air. It has been shown by ASHRAE and other research that ventilation requirements for human' occupancy are a function of the space per person and the de gree of activity (see Table 1, Chapter 7). Data from1 this' table and other sources have been presented in a readily ncflhlf* form in Fig.. 2.u The values from Curve D 'of. Fig. 2/ have *I|*> been found to apply reasonably, well to densely: populated heavy-smoke-laden atmospheres such as sports arenas where vision and irritation are more of a problem than odor. It has been'found that 30 cfm per person are necessary' for effective commercial-ventilation for such arenas, to avoid objectionable eye-irritation, odors, and impaired visibility.11' The actual oxygen requirement per person varies with activity! It is normally about 0.89 cu ft per man hour when walking at a rate of 1 mile per hour. About 0.74 cu ft of carbon, dioxide is liberated per man-hour for normal activity.11 Nor-' mal air contains about 0.03 percent carbon dioxide. Fig. 3 shows the effect of carbon dioxide on lung action. A concen tration of 0.6 percent has little effect on lung action, increas ing it only about.10 percent above normal.1* .~ : ' As shown in Fig: 2, the oxygen and carbon dioxide require-' meats can be met with an outdoor-air ventilation rateof'less than 4 cfm per person.* This may include infiltration.. An outdoor-air ventilation rate above 4 cfm is required to dilute odors, irritants,' smoke density, or other nontoxic conditions.; The amount of ventilation required per person to remove hu man odors, of dilute them to an acceptable value, cab be found from.Curve D of Fig.`2 for the space occupancy. -. > Adsorption- ; i Adsorption is the physical condensation of a gas or vapor onactivated solid substrate. These substrates are typically high, porosity, yielding internal 'surface areas of 100-300 square' meters per gram. The adsorbents are generally of two types:; (1) those.which store,the adsorbed odor (e.g. charcoal).and. when saturated are regenerated by high temperatures;'and1 (2) those which contain,reactant chemicals in the substrate. (e.g.,- permanganate alumina) to destroy or inactivate.-the. adsorbed odor. Charcoal adsorption is the physical condensation of a gas or vapor sorbate'on the charcoal sorbent. The capacity of charcoal to adsorb gases or vapors varies with1 the gas or vapor" Some are readily adsorbed, while others are not The relative adsorption qualities of high quality 50-minute un impregnated coconut shell charcoal for some vapors are given in Table 1. The values used are based on the removal of the substance from dilute concentrations in air, as encountered in sir recovery and air-conditioning systems. If the weight of the vapor to be adsorbed is known, then the quantity'of charcoal; required for the period under consideration can be obtained by use of Table 2. Table 3 serves as a guide to the relative odor levels of various types,of occupancies. These are the levels.existing prior to installation of special odor removal equipment. The occupancies are classified into four odor levels. Odor level A contains the lowest amount of odor, and level D, the highest. Table 2 .... Yearly.Requirement in Pounds of 50-min Activated Coconut-Shell Charcoal for Various, Occupancies* Residences . ... Total per person Non-smoking.................................................................. Smoking............................. ........................................... 1 2 Individual roams per person living room. ................................................................. Dining room........... ............................................. -- Kitchen............................................................................. Toilet and bath............................................................ Laundry....................... ........................... .............. 0.5 .0.25. 0.25 0.25. 0.15 O.IS;. Office Total per person Smoking...................... ......................... 1 ................ 'f2,' 1 School, per pupil........ ...................................................... 1 1.5 Hospital (room or ward), per bed............................... 3 Laboratory (average), per person............................... 3 ^ S'- . .. .Add op the amount of eethraiadehMeoalnwded by unite ae indicated to tbetabla. Fr exam^e, U tbera are fi pdopie to an effieei 3 of wtiooi *re amoks*. imIH u.iii iimt r r*. a total ntffiPi for nnritttt'-iT-m eanditicpa ia indicated.