Document QXqwDEbNoBokq9okwN2Gdqmq5

460 CHAPTER 18 ' 1956 Guide ' Table 8. Degree-Days fob Industrial Heating in Various Cities-of the . United States* Annual Totals for a Normal Heating Season. State Degber-Dayb 45F 55F Base State Citt Degree-Days 45F 55F Base Base Ala.. Am. Ark.. Cal.. Col.. Conn..' D. C... Fla.. ..' Ga...: Idaho. m.. c.. Ind.. la.... Kan.. Ky.... La...... Me..-. Md.'. Birmingham................. Mobile...................... Montgomery........... 853 245 504 Phoenix....................... Yuma.......................... Fort Smith.. Little Rock.. Eureka.......... ....... -Fresno....... Independence....... Los Angeles........... Red Bluff..................... Sacramento........... San Diego.............. Sfyn Francisco....... San Luis Obispo... Denver................. Grand Junction.. Pueblo................. '3 .519 15481767 1499 1478 [Minn... 1188 1328 718 1930 17 822 803 26 384 Miss.. Mo... 3440 3433 3261 Meriden./-- New Haven.. 1769 3237 Washington........... 1041 2487 Pensacola:................... 127 Nev... Atlanta...................... Augusta.......... ......... Macon..'..................... Savannah.................. Boise....................... Lewiston................ Pocatello................ 109 1165 N. H.. 661 711 N. 3... 231 N. M. 1045 2814 ' 1034 * 2688 N. Y.. 2161 4140 Cairo.. ......... Chicago............. Springfield....... 749 2119 1969 3743 1677 3289 Evansville.;.. Indianapolis.. 799 2335 1397 2829 N. C.. Charles City............... Davenport.................. Des Moines................. Dubuque.................... Keokuk-- .............. Sioux City........ . Concordia. Dodge City.. Topeka........ Wichita.'....... 3370 ' 5293 2296 4142 2440 4180 1628 4468 1926 - 35792894 4732 1652 1385 1518.. 1152 2690 2962 1811 2587 N. D. Ohio.. Lexington-- Louisville...... 2557 1073 2294 Okla.. New Orleans.............. Shreveport.................. 30 565 Ore... Eastport.. Poiritiand.. Baltimore.. 2956 5236 2530 4572 Pa... 986 2491 Boston................... Nantucket.................... Alpena.............. Detroit.............. Escanaba.......... Grand Haven.. Grand Rapids.. 1787 1514 3131 2240 3699 2405 2332 3603 3419 '5499 4089 5918 3435 4177 i. iIs. C.. Houghton.................. Lansing...................... Marquette.............. Port Huron............... Saginaw.......... ......... Sault Ste. Marie....... Duluth...................... Minneapolis....... 4029 2537 3713 2630 2312 4049 6112 4444 5842 2 4275 4552 6575 4419 3309 4796 2497 6774 5417 6572 5497 Vicksburg.. Columbia....... Hannibal. -- TCanafta City.. St. Louis....... Springfield... 468. 1252 2939 1635 3231 1463 2980 1186 2745 982 2423 Havre....... Helena-- Kalispell. Lincoln.................... North Platte................ Omaha..................... Valentine................. Winnemucca... Concord....... Atlantic City.. Santa Fe.. ... Albany.......... Binghamton. Buffalo......... Ithaca.......... New York... Oswego......... Rochester... Charlotte.............. Hatteras................... Raleigh.................... Wilmington............. Bismarck................. Williston............... .. 3736 2843 2874 5874 5071 5131 3023 2291 2284 2833 3850 4152 3982 4801 1670 3468 2646 4640 1123. 2904 1634 . 3106 - 2018 2073 2359 2412 1098 2274 2341 4302 4296 4316 4023 3089 4363 4231 172 1338 718 229 1080 729 3831 4616 6468 6399 Cincinnati............. Cleveland.............. Columbus.............. Dayton................... Sandusky............... Toledo............. . 1376 1525 1600 1487 1949 1990 3003 3795 3255 3147 3425 3757 Oklahoma City.. 600 1835 Baker....... Portland.. Roseburg.. Erie................ Harrisburg... Philadelphia.. Scranton....... Pittsburgh.... . 2321 373 272 4307. ` 1911 .1868 2337 1565 1122 1938' 1377 3837 3236 2695 3755 3028 Block Island.. Charleston.. Columbia:.. Greenville.. 871 3388 336 759 297 1502 Estimating Fuel Consumption for Space Heating 461 Table 8. Degree-Days for Industrial Heating in Various Cities of the United States (Continued) Annual Totals for a Normal Heating Season. State City Degree-Days 45F 55F Base Base State City Degbee-Days 45F 55F Base Base S TV 3743 3162 2590 2898 Chattanooga................. Knoxville.,................... Memphis Nashville....................... 242 431 . 166 419 Abilene-- .................. Amarillo........................ El Paso.......................... Fort Worth................... Galveston..................... Houston........................ Palestine....'............... San Antonio............... ! 786 1978 1475 5678 Vt............... Burlington.................... 5234 4628 6045 Va............... 1398 Richmond..................... 1741 1284 1678 Walla Walla................... 2220 919 754 W. Va...... Parkersburg.................. 43 Wis............ 30^ 3981 Wyo............ 3202 3014 4984 3652 7121 554 1928 260 1496 549 1895 184 2062 2185 1741 3672 507 2365 993 2565 1506 3327 1147 . 2784 3318 3034 3067 2657 5331 3992 . 4850 . 4617 2500 3208 4700 5450 & From Degree-Day Handbook, by C. Strockand C. H. B. Hotchkiss (The Industrial Press, 1937, pp. 132-134). Values are not coordinated with table 2 which is from a later source. of degree-days, plant operators frequently compute each month the fuel burned per degree-day by the heating plant. The resulting unit value, by eliminating the outside temperature variable, indicates whether the operating efficiency of the plant is above or below the previous month or year. INDUSTRIAL DEGREE-DAYS When estimating the heating requirements of warehouses, factories, and other buildings where the inside temperature to be maintained differs greatly from the usual inside temperature range of 68 to 72`F, it is common to use degree-days based on temperatures of 55 to 45 F. These are gen erally referred to as industrial degree-days, and are listed in Table 8 for a number of cities using both 55 F and 45 F as the base. In general, the degree-days (55 F base) are used when the temperature of the heated space is to be maintained at approximately 60 F. For an inside temperature of about 50 F, the degree-days calculated on a 45 F base should be used. The industrial degree-days are useful for estimating fuel consumption by comparison between localities in which the difference in degree-days is not too great, and where the known fuel consumption of one building may be used to determine unit consumption per degree-day. MAXIMUM DEMANDS AND LOAD FACTORS In one form of district heating rates, a portion of the charge is based upon the maximum demand of the building. The maximum demand may be measured in several different ways. It may be taken as the instantane ous peak or as the rate of use during any specified interval. One method is to take the average of the three highest hours during the winter. These figures are shown for a number of buildings in Detroit in Table 9.12