Document QXpv65XBj1GZ4N97XLV6Knbe8

LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, INC. LEAD A FACTOR IN METALWORKING FIRM'S SUCCESS 5-.*i Tr olving complex production S problems efficiently and at conforming anodes for General Electric chrome plating opera cost savings to the firm and its tions. Ease of production, lower customers is a byword at production costs than with other Borneo, Inc., a Gloucester, Mass methods, and product reliabil- achusetts metalworking firm. ity prompted Borneo to seek out In eleven short years the firm other orders that called for lead has built a solid business with work. a solid reputation. Its customer Over the years the company list is impressive, including a has perfected various old and number of well-known and pres new methods of spinning, tigious companies. stamping, deepdrawing and Part of the company's success casting precision products that is attributable to its ability to require lead. Spun or cast lead solve the production challenges shielding for X-ray equipment of new-design, high-precision and for the storage and handling parts. Another factor, maintains of other radioactive materials N.K. Banks, Jr., Borneo's Presi is commonplace. The company's dent, is the company's extensive custom-made product list ranges work with lead. Borneo started all the way from lined metal working with lead right at the shapes to a complex 163-hole outset, producing spun lead medical scanner collimator. As with other parts such as the spun lead conforming anodes made for General Electric, production and cost efficiencies were realized when working with lead. ba an le with t qu.i' 11 l.iiildi li.uiai !*>.- Th. bank rlac Sfitl-I. 'l iirk ln-i |,i an' bank ii tin- |'<llour : Id tin eharje Grit anelmi Archil A'S.ici were ii Id do lead a Stood wide \ In ; rope I il metal, inu to The I. much unusu. End ncath filamer fu'i- in chor" i insure Nation. This medical scanner collimator made for Baird-Atomic was the first of a now wide variety of collimators made by Borneo. The lead-filled, stainless steel shell part has 163 tapered, hexagonal holes that must focus within .005-in. Septums between holes are as low as .040-in, What seemed to pose insurmountable production problems proved simple with Borneo's ingenuity and the easy workability of lead. L I A 266 06 C'?dtis: A'ehite dataller Lead Wi BANK r a il in g ScHORED WITH ^AD w o o l |. jrit National Bank of Chicago has added T ji(,r architectural landmark to that city Jf] construction of its new 60-story head, l[h huilding. The graceful up-swept sided ii the main feature in the First Naj mH omplex. scheduled for completion in ..ll.lt j.j" |.jr^t's new headquarters is the tallest ^ |,uj|din2 in the world, and tied for sixth imons: the world's tallest buildings. At -,i frit, it ties with the RCA building in New ,,rk (. ]M_i,l(. [he hank building and readily apparent [mmie doing business on the extensive main ' |.jn2 |]oor. is a glass railing around the en,j |ierimeter of the bank quarters on the second aho\e. The Solarbronze glass railing adds p, [I,,- feeling of openness and spaciousness that luracterize the interior design of the bank. Critical to the railing design, of course, is an ,,[( horine system that insures complete safety. \rihileets for the building, C. F. Murphy & \-.eeiates and the Perkins & Will Partnership. .,,-rr unwilling to rely on standard setting wedges ,, ,|o the necessary job. They relied instead on -ad wool calking, a foolproof material that has amid up under the most rigorous testing for a ,,iilr variety of calking installations. In all, 15,000 pounds of lead wool, a loose, ropelike strand made up of fine threads of lead metal. were used to calk the First National railin c to a depth of 6-inches in its setting channel. I he lead w ool application is an unusual one, mm h as the size of the glass railing is in itself unusual. I rider the tremendous pressure generated bemath the point of the calking iron, the tiny alaments of lead wool actually "cold weld" or tij-e into a single piece of lead. This lead "an1 hor forms a tight and impervious seal that will msure the stability of the glass railing at First National. ' "dlt ' ' Murphy A Associate* The Perkins & Will Partnership ' tier*! r r I OD r#ctor,; Gust K. Newberg Construction Co. *r*` ^'[l*burgb Plate Glass Ind., Inr 001: Gardiner Metal Company BATTERIES POWER A BIG MOVE LJauling 75 ton.- of steel from one plant site to another is as simple as (licking an electric switch at the Middletown, Ohio mill of Armco Steel Company. Armco uses lead acid bat tery-powered locomotives to haul a; many as five fully-loaded buggies at a time ... a potential total capacity of 150,000 pounds. Each of the five locomotives in Armco s fleet has a complement of two batteries, the largest motive-power batteries made. While one battery is in service, the other is on charge, so that the two batteries power three full shifts. Armco reports that their use of lead acid batteries has re sulted in significantly low operating and maintenance costs. Also, the battery-powered locomotives go about their bur ness without creating any bothersome fumes. Each of the locomotive batteries measures approximate! 4' x 6' x 12' and weighs 20.000 pounds. Too large to be shipj*. assembled, the battery cells are shipped individually and tht, installed at the mill in large Armco-made steel travs. Batten interconnections are made by the battery manufacturer. Carefully planned battery maintenance at Armco insure ample power at all times for the locomotives. This essential ^ terplant handling system operates reliably three shifts eac^ seven days a week. LIA26606 Giant locomotive battery is lowered into place for charging. The battery, made up of 84 cells and is rated at 168 volts. Pb Lead Power 71 Hamburg, Germany, will be the host city for the 4th International Lead Conference scheduled for September 21 through 24, 1971. Under the overall sponsorship of the European Lead Development Committee, the conference program is being organized by the Lead Development Association of London. A committee repre senting German lead producers has made all meeting arrange ments in Hamburg. The conference program will include technical sessions on the manufacture and use of lead acid batteries; the production, prop erties and performance of lead cable sheaths; the role of electric vehicles in public and private transport; and new developments in lead metallurgy and technology Also part of the program are plant visits to German lead production and fabrication facilities, a reactor station, and the largest research establishment m Ger many concerned with fundamental research into elementary particles. The 1971 Wilhelm Hoffmann Memorial Awards for original lead research will be presented at the September conference. The awards were originated and first presented at the 3rd Interna tional Lead Conference held in Venice in 1968. In addition, the Association has started a new international lead acid battery competition, for which awards will be given during the Hamburg meeting. As with the previous three conferences, attendance will include interested parties and experts in the lead industry from all over the world. To facilitate the immediate flow of Information through this multi-language group, full simultaneous translations of ah proceedings will be made in English, French, German and Spanish Copies of the provisional program together with hotel reserva tions and conference registration forms are available on request from Lead Industries Association, Inc., 292 Madison Avenue, Ne York, New York 10017. Starting tended of the constru front dc RARE JEWELS SPARKLE BRILLIANTLY IN LEAD SETTING Starting with a lead exterior finish on the rebars that ex tended from the ceiling down to the counters and the floor of the store, the use of lead expanded into the design and construction of counter and display spaces and even the front door of the shop. I overs and collectors of beautiful " jewels come to an abrupt stop the first time they enter the dazzling in terior of the Arthur king Jewelry Store on New' York's prestigious Madison Avenue. It's dazzle with a difference. Instead of the conven tional, almost pedestrian, rectangu lar jewelry shop interior with glass showcases and implicit "don't touch" signs that connoisseurs of jewels are accustomed to, Mr. King's store is a one-of-a-kind custom-designed lead showcase. It required both experience and imagination for Mr. King to select one of the world's most common materials to set off his exquisite jew elry. And it works to perfection. The monochromatic gray color of lead is a perfect foil for the brilliance of the jewelry. The lead has a richness and beauty all its own without being ob trusive--a potential danger when one decides to completely change the "look" of normally so unchanging an institution as a jewelry store. Sound practical considerations also governed the choice of lead as the major material to be used for the display and renovated areas. Archi tectural details offensive to Mr. King's highly developed esthetic taste in cluded a ceiling too high in relation to the area's other dimensions and an extensive fire sprinkling system that either had to be lowered or disguised. It was Mr. King's inspiration to create a false ceiling with a free form lattice work of steel reinforcing bars with a lead finish. The airiness, strength and masculine look of the re bars appealed to Mr. King. The lead finish provided the proper color and patina. Display counters were made with a plywood and asbestos dam into which lead was poured and then worked by Mr. King himself with a welding torch to create the proper texture and tone. Display cases were literallv custom-fitted into spaces between rebars. The rases also were made of steel with a lead exterior finish. The major work done. Mr. King's keen eve focused on other details of the shop's interior. Lltimalelv the lead was used in several places to tie the interior design together: the framing of wall mirrors to obliterate the rigidlv geometric vertical and horizontal lines that "fought" with the now almost "organic" design forms of the interior: at the foot of the eeiling-to-floor rebars to soften the har-to-floor union and to match the freer form of the bar-to-ceiling design. The lead finish was ground and polished with soft wire brushes, steel brushes, and sanding discs. The end result is a textured, soft-looking sur face of considerable elegance. Lac quer and wax were applied to the lead surfaces at the last to prevent oxidation. Since Mr. King is primarily- in the jewelrv business and a designer, architect and metalworker only bv avocation, his first concern, naturally, is how- does the lead work in rela tion to the sale of jewels. The an swer is positive. The lead is an ideal surface for showing gems. A stone dropped on lead will not bounce or break as it might on glass. Nor will the stone harm the counter surface as it would if dropped on a wooden counter. The soft richness of the lead sets off the jewels beautifully without ostentation or in any wav competing for attention in the eve of the cus tomer. A great deal of knowledge, insight and hard work went into the interior design of the Arthur King Jewelry Store. Also a lot of lead ... an es timated two-and-a-half tons. Nothing like it exists anywhere in the world; but in it are the nuclei of a hundred different ideas for the practical and esthetic use of lead as a versatile ma terial for both display and structural changes. 5 LIA26609 LEAD... A MAJOR FACTOR IN NEW MACHINERY NOISE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS The costly effects of machinery noise can be fought with new techniques using lead as a noise barrier ncontrolled machinery noise has U always been costly to human depending on the equipment used. The table below lists the most common health, and as a result, to productionplant machines used for which average efficiency. Growing awareness and con noise levels exceed 90 db. Any standard cern with the problem has led to the sound level meter set to "A" mode will development of new techniques to re determine the noise levels for any given duce machinery noise to safe, liveable plant or machine. limits. Lead and leaded composites play The type of machine involved de an important part in this accomplish termines the design of the sound in ment. sulating system. Fully automatic ma Lead, in a variety of forms (see box), chines may be completely enclosed in offers excellent sound insulation prop a sound insulating structure with doors erties and can be tailored to meet very built into the enclosure to permit neces- specific demands for noise controls. cary adjustments and tooling changes. One can easily measure the noise Manually fed equipment, however, must levels in his plant and base their ac provide for operator access so it is not ceptability or nonacceptability on the possible to cover the machine com Federal Government's Walsh-Healey pletely. In such cases, partial enclosures, Public Contracts Act. The Act limits efficiently constructed, are capable of re industrial noise to 90 db "A" scale in ducing noise levels to safe limits. Some any plant having government contracts manually operated machines can be re exceeding S10,000 or any manufacturer trofitted with automatic feed devices. involved in interstate commerce. The This approach is economically sound if Act specifies that an increase of 5 db production increases are also desired. in the noise level over the 90 db limit requires that worker exposure be halved. Since the allowable worker exposure Tools in Lead's Noise Reduction Arsenal Lime to 90 db is 8 hours, a level of 95 A good sound barrier should be db means the worker can be exposed dense, limp, and impermeable. Lead and for only 4 hours. lead composites easily fulfill these re Pin Down the Noise Sources quirements. Additionally, they are usu ally unaffected by coolants, cutting oils, In an industrial complex the noise drawing compounds and similar indus level will vary from section to section trial materials. Sheet lead is readily Lead Materials for Noise Insulation Material Sheet lead Lead/Foam Leaded plastic sheets Damping tile Casting compounds Trowelling and damping compounds Description Usual weight Vi -lb to 4-!b y2-lb and 1-lb sheet lead sandwiched between layers of polyurethane foam Lead loaded sheet vinyl or neoprene with or without fabric reinforcement Lead loaded epoxy or urethane tiles Lead loaded epoxy Lead loaded epoxy, neoprene and urethane Uses Used alone or laminated to substrates of various types Laminated to enclosures As a curtain or to line enclosures Damping heavy machinery Potting, filling complex voids Damping enclosures, surfaces, resonant members and rattling panels r obtained in weights ranging from t/ji-lb. (l/128"-thick) to 8-lb. (i/8". thick) per square foot. Weights normally used for noise reduction applica. tions are t/o-lb. and 1-lb. An outstanding advantage in the use of sheet lead pa ai th is its easy workability. It can be cm with an ordinary pair of scissors, formed by hand and applied to most any surface with elastic type adhesives. Lead can be readily laminated to many be l.v ca M substrates including steel and aluminum sheet. These lead laminates can be formed, drawn or otherwise shaped using the same tools as employed for the substrates themselves. Leaded vinyl sheet is another useful material for sound attenuation. One adaptation of this product comprises two sheets of lead loaded vinyl laminated to rets a core of glass fiber cloth to give the tot P material more supporting strength. This materia] is often hung around noise producing sources with excellent results or used in conjunction with acoustical wool for reducing noise from machin ery. In addition to reducing noise, leaded vinyl sheet is also used to damp vibra tion in resonating structures. Sheet lead and polyurethane sand wich material is ideal for sound condi tioning areas such as the inside of ex jne nilic F italic per d r press isnlca r hsmrr IMtic tar sa Mill isting machine shrouds or guards. The material is easy to work. It can be cut with a pair of scissors or simple steel rule dies when repetitive parts are needed. It can.be shaped readily to con tours and held in position with adhe sives. Types are available with a sealed surface that will not absorb oils or coolants. For structure-borne noise, lead loaded epoxies make ideal damping compounds. The compounds are made by mixing powdered lead into epoxies. The material is usually applied with a trowel and can be used on resonating structures such as machinery guards to reduce vibration and the resultant noise. Deadening Vibrations from High Impact Machines High tonnage presses, drop hammers and other high impact machines create vibrations in addition to air borne noise. These vibrations, unless short circuited, can be transmitted through out an entire plant even into office areas where they may be translated into audi ble noise. To prevent this from occur ring, machines must be isolated from their foundations. One highly efficient method of accomplishing this isolation 6 L 1A26610 ^ tj,p Use of lead antivibration is tfir sfalled between the vibration Pr0` '"Machine and the foundation of the l'u` \f made of a sheet of steel The Pads a ,e hviched between two layers of as- an''' within a sealed envelope of sheet ^Tlead anti-vibration pads are fabri- 1, 3 d to order for specific applications. Mechanical Power Presses An automatic power press is most 7'(-lively sound controlled by enclos- ' jt fuily in a sound insulating struc- " t made of sheet lead or lead com- 11 , - Onlv recently a manufacturer nosites- ' of die sets for mechanical power presses used this method to quiet the presses in their own shop. A straightside, 600 spm 20-ton press with a slide feed was en closed in a lead/foam laminate structure that reduced noise levels from 96 db to 86 db six feet in front of the press, 98 db to 85 db six feet from the rear. The enclosure was easily constructed of a wooden frame covered with ply wood. It was then lined with sheet lead/ polyurethane laminate. Cut-outs were provided for the slide feed, finished parts and scrap. Louvers were cut into the top of the structure and flat panels covered with the same lead material located underneath as baffles, to pre vent excessive heat build-up. Possible techniques for noise insula tion systems for other types of power presses include: Presses with automatic feed devices-- floor to ceiling leaded vinyl curtains that will enclose single presses or banks of units. Presses that require operators--retro fit the press with an automatic feed de vice so that the press can be fully en closed with a lead noise attenuation sys tem; or failing that, build a partial ! i of Typical Machines Range Above 90 db. Average db level prtM pj, drop pr tpmt 00I&I por PTM** )*> fUmmtr PPfde pcrow iRBChind altrtnr afll <* 130 130 128 108-118 98-112 98-110 101-105 99-101 93-100 100 99 80-95 enclosure that will lower the noise but to a lesser degree than the full enclosure. Large Industrial Gears On a larger scale, heavy gears such as those on hoists and crane equipment, generate high noise levels. The meshing of teeth on these "industrial giants," some of them up to 40" or more in diameter, results in a painful, high pitched ringing. The resonance of these huge gears can be substantially reduced by applying to the gear face damping materials such as lead loaded epoxies or lead loaded vinyl sheets. Machinery Guards In some instances, large machinery guards of sheet metal have a tendency to set up a high pitched ringing noise if stiffening ribs have not been added. The solution to this problem is to lamin ate pieces of sheet lead to the guard by trial and error method until the ringing is reduced or eliminated. Self adhesive leaded vinyl sheet may also be Used to line the guard with the same result. Air Compressors Air compressors, a source of irritat ing noise within the industrial complex, can be silenced by enclosing them com pletely within a shroud consisting of sheet lead, lead/foam or leaded vinyl laminated to any material intended for drywall construction. Louvered open ings with baffles should be provided for the dissipation of heat build-up. Vibratory Feeds A source of highly distracting noise on production machines devoted to au tomatic assembly of spark plugs was created by air-vibrated feeds on each of the units. The noise, caused when the steel spark plug shells were vibrated into position on the metal feed track, was reminiscent of machine gun fire. This unavoidable, metal-on-metal noise was a distraction to workers. Because of the feed's construction, it was im possible to completely enclose them. Plant maintenance engineers surrounded the 2-foot by 4-foot area around each vibrating feeder with curtains made from reinforced, lead loaded vinyl. Even though the curtained area was left open at top and bottom, the noise at the in dividual Leeds was reduced from 93 db to 86 db. Automatic Riveters Another shop tool where most of the noise produced is impact noise is a pneumatic riveter. By enclosing the bar rel of the tool in leaded vinyl sheet and rock wool some quieting can be achieved. The enclosure muffles the ex haust noises. _.._...... . ,, PtW L I A2 66 11 I he new bridge taking shape over Tthe Mississippi between Shelby County, Tennessee, and Crittenden County, Arkansas, is a vital link in one of the country's major highway systems. As yet unnamed, the bridge is part of Route 40. an across-continent high way that provides millions of people with convenient access from the south eastern United States all the way to the west coast. Scheduled for completion in 1972, the newr bridge is jointly owned by the Tennessee Department of High ways and the Arkansas Highway Commission. It was designed by Hazelet & Erdal. Louisville, with Bethle hem Steel Corporation as prime con tractor for the main river span:. In all 14,450 tons of steel will go into the superstructure of the bridge ... an investment of 825,000,000. Maintenance and preservation are ma jor factors in insuring the safety of the bridge as well as the investment. For this important bridge a timetested lead paint system is being used for protection against the corrosive effects of the atmosphere and the river. Paint specifications for the bridge are taken from the State of Tennessee's Department of Highways specifications for steel structures. To add sti^urther protection and to ex tend the life of the paint system, a third field coat was added to the basic specifications. Upon completion the bridge will have a total of five coats of protective paint, four of them containing basic lead silico chromate. The structural steel is delivered to the site with a wash primer and a shop-applied pri mer coat of orange silico chromate,/ alkvd resin paint formulated as fol lows : Orange Pigment % by weight Lead silico chromate Organo mont- morillonite 99.33 min. .07 max. Vehicle Linseed Oil Alkyd/resin solution Non-volatile in vehicle Volatile thinner & drier 59.0 min. 21.0 min. 73.5 min. 26.5 max. Paint Pigment Vehicle 65.5 min. 34.5 max. Two field coats of red silico chromate/alkyd resin paint will be ap plied, followed by the final coat of bright green. Formulations for these coats are: L I A 2 6612 prop but exist the eer.ti vice. use i and Pigment Red c/c by weight Lead silico chromate 61.0. min. Siliceous red iron oxide 1855c Fe.0:i 1 35.5 max. Organo montmorillonite 0.5 min. Vehicle Linseed Oil Alkvd resin solution 18.0 min. 31.0 min. Non-volatile in vehicle 71.5 min. Volatile thinner & drier 28.5 max. Paint Pigment Vehicle 62.0 min. 38.0 max. pott 1 () able mat. corn mg to acram and safe-t w no i impa rerui peri i lids Pigment Creen 81 by weight Lead silico chromate 85.0 min. Phthalocyanine green 2.9 max. Phthalocyanine blue 1.0 max. C.P. med. chrome vellow 2.6 max. Titanium dioxide 8.0 max. Organo montmorillonite 1.0 max. Vehicle Linseed Oil 5.0 min. Alkyd resin solution 73.0 min. Non-volatile in vehicle 55.5 min. Volatile thinner & drier 41.5 max. Paint Pigment Vehicle 39.0 min. 61.0 max. Oh Oonal made possil metal and , glaze and | 50 sn , the public interest in art and hobby pot- A't(,rv grows, so does the danger of imr handling and use of some essential, ^''potentially toxic materials. The danger ' t' for [he amateur potter himself and for ii'!'eventual user of any improperly glazed !,'J mir Piece used for fo0<:1 or beverae ser` "since there can be little control over the ,e to which the increasing volumes of art j hobhv pottery are put. it is essential to ' II ,,ut the correct procedures for using the ...tier's materials. ' Our concern is lead, one of the most valu- materials used by the ceramist but a ... i(.ria1 that poses certain hazards if used in,,rrectlv. The primarv danger is lead leach.,,ut of the ceramic glaze when exposed ,, acids contained in some foods and bev- raires. However, properly formulated, applied ,,,j fired, lead fluxed glazes are among the -i!e>t and most acid resistant of all. Whv use lead in the first place? Because element, alone or in combination, will mpart all of the desirable properties to a cramic glaze that lead will. Centuries of ex perimentation with substitutes have proved this conclusively. The presence of lead oxide In a property formu lated glaze offers: A highly acid-resistant glaze that matures in a lower melting range than leadless glazes. A more foolproof glaze. Lead oxide increases the glaze's fluidity during firing and maintains it over a wider firing temperature. A low surface tension that allows the glaze to heal over defects in the whiteware more effectively. * Brilliant glaze surfaces because of the high index of refraction. High resistance of divitrification, the process by which the surface crystalizes and makes the cer amic piece porous. Color compatibility with most coloring oxides used in art glazes. Glazed ceramics normally have an excep- honal permanency and durability. No glaze made, however, is totally insoluble; so it is possible, given the right conditions, for heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, copper, barium and others used in glazes, to leach. If the -laze has been properly formulated, applied ^ fired, the quantity that will leach out is 50 small as to be almost unmeasurable--in the case of lead, less than seven parts per million parts of solution, when tested accord ing to industry and government standards. Factors that determine the amount of lead that can be extracted from any given glaze include chemical composition of the glaze, ratio of ingredients to one another, glaze thickness, temperature and length of time fired, and kiln atmosphere. Potters Using Commercial Glazes Any hobbyist producing ware that may be used with food should use low lead release glazes only. A safe procedure is to make cer tain that the glaze manufacturer specifies that the glaze can be used for food contact sur faces when fired according to instructions. Copper oxide must never be added to a lead glaze. The combination results in a reaction that markedly increases lead release. Firing by time alone poses uncertainties that can be avoided. The hobbyist should use standard pyrometric cones when firing; they will insure correct firing time and temperature for a reliable glaze. With low fire glazing normally used by the hobbyist, a thin glaze is usually better. During firing the glaze will react with and dissolve body constituents; they, in turn, strengthen the glaze and make it more acid resistant. Potters Formulating Their Own Glazes So many glaze formulations have been pub lished for the use of the studio potter that it is impossible to comment on them individu ally. The Lead Industries Association has available a list of glazes that consistently give a lead release of less than seven parts per million, when fired to the proper cone level. If any glazes other than these are to be used, they should be tested before they are considered safe for food and beverage appli cations. Good Housekeeping The value of careful housekeeping for the amateur potter cannot be overstated. The han dling of materials, dust controls, proper spray ing procedures, ventilation controls, personal hygiene ... all must be considered by the potter. Specific cautions are included in the Lead Industries Association booklet, "Facts About Lead Glazes For Art Potters and Hobbyists" which will be sent to anyone on request. 9 LI A? 6613 IMPORTANT GUIDELINES FOR THE AMATEUR POTTER Award-winning Cushman Motors golf cars get their corrosion resistance from terne. Terne ready to be inserted in press. Terne part at conclusion of pressing operation. s more and more people flock to A the world's golf courses, the pletion of the lease period, the golf cars are refurbished and leased to a second need for reliable and attractive golf club for a corresponding period. In all, cars to transport them around the a golf car should be able to withstand course rises correspondingly. One almost 8 years in all kinds of poten major manufacturer of golf cars. Cush tially destructive weather. man Motors, a division of Outboard Certain areas of the golf car body Marine Corporation, conducted exten are particularly susceptible to corro sive material tests before selecting sion. One of the worst such areas is the lead-allov coated steel (terne) as the coach joint, an inaccessible blind where most effective corrosion-resistant ma moisture collects and causes conven terial for their car bodies. tional steels to rust. The overall ex The golfer's comfort and pleasure terior surface of the body is also vul are only one consideration in the de nerable since it is exposed at all times sign and manufacture of a golf car. to the elements and the most minor The economics of running a golf or scratch or other abrasion could expose country club or even a golf course in the base metal to corrosion. this time of high service costs man After testing fibreglass and date among other things, the purchase other materials, all of which of equipment that will give maximum failed either in their corrosion- service for maximum life. A recent resistance or because they k survey by experts in the field indicates could not easily be repaired that while club revenues are up 4.4% by Cushman's distributors, the in the 1970-71 period, costs are up 6%. company decided that commer cial weight terne was the answer Traditionally, clubs lease to these various production con- golf cars, usually from _ siderations. manufacturer's distributor, for a 3 to 4 year period During that time, the distrib utor is responsible for any necessary repairs. Upon com Terne parts emerging from painting area. Cushman now uses terne for the critical body areas of its complete line of golf cars. In addition to the factors of corrosion-resistance and ease of repair now built into the Cushman golf car line, an important third fac tor also resulted. The special proper ties of terne make it able to take and keep a beautiful exterior finish that will hold up even under the duress under which a golf car is normally operated. Other benefits accruing to Cushman with their use of terne are the ease with which it is formed or deepdrawn. Die life is extended since the terne coating acts as a lubricant. Lubricant cleanup and die dressing costs are re duced. And terne is easily soldered and welded. Cushman golf car customers and distributors alike will benefit from the Company's switch to terne. It is ex pected that there will be far less need for body repairs resulting from cor rosion them usual. When repairs are necessary, they can be made with rela tive ease by the distributor, with exist ing equipment. And with minimum care, the golf car will shine like "new'' throughout its career on the greens. ` (t n tl TERNE GOLF CARS EMERGE FOR THE SWINGING L1 A 2 fofc 1 4 ODDS "N" ENDS ABOUT LEAD Jlie c a b l e t h a t w o n t q u it Originally installed under Puget Sound in . this 2-conductor No. 6 cable is still eX'cellent condition and ready for line ser1,1 although currently enjoying its second '^ement. The cable is insulated with Okonret'r libber and protected with a lead sheath ite rue A steel armor wire. In its initial service carried 6600 volts and was raised to 7200 after a period of years. It was retired in 1952 and Put on standb>' by its owner, Peninsula | i,,ht Company, Gig Harbor, Washington. |n 1968 the installation was converted to three- I ihase. 13 kv. Pending the arrival and installation of new cable, this veteran cable's two conductors were connected as the neutral and the cable was once again in operation. Thanks in part to lead's resistance to corrosion, this underwater cable may find that life indeed begins again at forty. n ew f l u x l es s s o l d er in g pr o c es s A new fluxless soldering technique that employs a polyurethane coating has been developed by International Business Machines Corporation. The coating which is sprayed or brushed on, or dipped, protects the metallic -urfaces from contaminants. The process was developed initially for use in high-density electronic environments (there flux residue can trigger corrosion. Solder and parts to be joined are cleaned, rinsed in deionized water, dried and coated with polyurethane. Once coated, the parts can be stored indefinitely until ready for soldering. Since the polyurethane melts below the melting point of a 60/40 tin-lead solder, it is easily displaced by the heavier alloy at joining tempera tures. Rather than de compose, the polyure thane redistributes itself at the joint surface. W hen the solder solidi fies, a metallurgically sound connection is achieved. WONDER WHERE THE YELLOW WENT? They may have to rewrite the children's books that persist in identifying fire engines as being red. In fact, Junior may well have to get out a yellow cravon for his coloring book. Although fire engines remain pre dominantly red, largely because of tradition, recent studies have shown that red isn't necessarily the safest or even the most visible color for fire engines. Chrome yellow, long in use as a highly visible cautionary color for highway dividing lines, traffic warning signs, and school buses, to name only a few applications, has emerged the most desirable color for fire fighting equip ment as well. Shown here is an engine belonging to one of two volunteer fire companies in Chesterfield County, Virginia. They have switched from red to chrome yel low because they consider the yellow more visible and therefore safer. CHANGE OF ADDRESS OR NEW READER Use this side of the coupon if you have recently changed your address or if you would like to be added to the mailing list for LEAD FOR CHANGE OF ADDRESS PLEASE WRITE IN NUMBER FROM TOP OF ADDRESS OR ATTACH OLD LABEL. 2 ADD ME TO YOUR MAILING LIST (please check one) V/ ATTACH MAILING LABEL HERE _________A___________ To_____________ Name, Title Company Street City, state, zip code PLEASE CHECK INTEREST Painting Health & Safety Architectural & Building Design & Radiation Engineers Ceramics Chemical Engrs. Battery Power Miscellaneous (please specify) NEW LISTINGS Lead as a modern design material Design engineering catalog with specifics on lead characteristics. Benefits, avail able forms. Details on iead use as coat ing. radiation control, sound control, and in soldering, ceramics, etc. Illustrations, tables, graphs. Eight pages. M-15 Use of lead in the automobile Reprint of article from Metals Week dis cussing in detail the various applica tions of lead in the automobile. Four pages. M-17 Lead--The "Clydesdale" workhorse in space Reprint from Space World detailing the applications of lead m space exploration. Illustrated. Four pages. M-19. The U.S. Lead Industry--1970 An annual review of activity within the in dustry that contains a general summary for the year and a senes of charts and tables giving current statistics on lead production and consumption. M-20 Facts about lead glazes for art potters and hobbyists Detailed information on the proper formu lation. firing techniques, handling, etc. of lead fluxed glazes used by art potters and hobby ceramists. Illustrated. Sixteen pages. M-21 ARCHITECTURAL Waterproofing with sheet lead A description of the use of lead as a membrane waterproofing material for lin ing poofs, planters, fountains, shower stalls and floors where positive water proofing is required. Architectural details and specifications are included. Eight pages. A-2 Lead roofing and flashing Detailed instructions on the simplest and most usual methods for forming or join ing lead for roofing and flashing appli cations. Complete specifications. Diagramatic drawings. Sixteen pages. A-5 Lead applications for building and construction Reprint of article from Progressive Archi tecture reviewing the latest developments in the use of lead in architecture and construction. Twelve pages. A-10 PAINTS Red lead based paint systems Technical booklet lists properties and ap- Follow the safety line with chrome yellow Formulations and suggested applications for chrome yellow safety paints. Illus trated. Eight pages. M-5 PLUMBING Lead plumbing catalog and specifications Specifications and details for the use of lead in plumbing. Waste connections, shower and safe pans and chemical lab oratory drains are covered. Four pages D-2 CHEMICAL CONSTRUCTION & CORROSION PROTECTION Corrosion resistance of lead in chemical applications A chart presentation of the corrosion re sistance of lead and its alloys against 188 common chemicals from 0 to 300 0F. Six pages. H-3 Lead in modern chemical construction Reprint from Encyclopedia ol Chemical Process Equipment. Describes installation, proper design application, and testing of lead linings. Twelve pages, illustrated. H-l Cladding steel with lead by powder rolling A description of the roll compacting pro cess under investigation by the Interna tional Lead Zinc Research Organization. Four pages. H-4 BATTERIES A primer on the lead-acid battery A condensed story of the principles of the lead-acid battery and its chemistry, in cluding some of the fundamentals and definitions of direct-current electric en ergy. Two pages. L-6 SOUND BARRIERS Director of acoustic specialties Summary of available materials for sound insulation by barrier, damping and absorbtion methods. Sixteen page list of materials by brand name and manufac turer. Eighteen pages. J-4 Industrial noise--how to control it Technical data on the causes of indus trial noise and information on methods of controlling it. List of control materials available. Graphs. J-8 ANTI-VIBRATION PADS Ways to reduce press vibration Two installations of lead asbestos pads to reduce heavy machinery vibrations. Sec tional drawings and loadings are given. Two pages, illustrated. G-l Lead asbestos anti-vibration pads Specifics on lead anti-vibration pads in cluding design and sizing, specifications for the sub-contractor, and list of pad manufacturers. Three pages- G-3