Document QXmxM4L88axEEkEOv02Y6deLo

. AlA--12-B CSI^DiV,-? KOPPERS Architectural and Construction Materials SC-BE-05687 HOPPERS COAL TAR MEMBRANE Why Coal Tar Materials Should be Used The function of waterproofing and dampproofing is to prevent the entry or passage of water through masonry or concrete structures. The most impor tant property that must be possessed by any wa terproofing or dampproofing material is its ability to resist prolonged contact with water. It cannot be assumed that all materials-used for this work are actually resistant to water. True water-resis tance is obtained with coal tar pitches. Advantages of Coal Tar The following properties of coal tar make it partic ularly adaptable for waterproofing and dampproofing: Resistance to Water The molecular structure of its constituents accounts for the ability of coal tar to withstand and remain virtually unaffected by water even under prolonged immersion. Resistance to Bacteria Recent field and laboratory studies show that soil bacteria seldom, if ever, attack coal tar pitch, where as they do attack, and sometimes destroy, other waterproofing materials. Chemical Inertness Because of the chemical structure of its constituents, coal tar pitch is inert to the chemicals usually found in soil. Permanence Coal tar pitch maintains its physical and chemical properties during long periods of service under ground and thereby provides long-term protection when used for waterproofing and dampproofing. Uniformity The careful selection, blending and processing of coal tars used in the production of waterproofing pitch and dampproofing products results in the outstanding uniformity of these materials. Koppers Will Help You With Waterproofing Specifications and Details Because of the considerable expense and difficulty in rectifying an in adequately waterproofed structure, the specifier must take precautions in the preparation of waterproofing specifications end related details to maximiie the possibilities of a permanently water-tight job. The majority of projects present such a wide variety of conditions that the specifica tions and details must be tailored almost invariably for the individual structure. It cannot be stressed too strongly that an adequate number of plies and the correct combinations of waterproofing materials together with accurate and clear detailing are essential. Koppers has had many years experience in the waterproofing field and offers the specifier en gineering assistance in achieving the best passible waterproofing job. 2 WITHSTANDS THE TEST OF TIME . . . THE NEED FOR WATERPROOFING Water in contact with masonry structures is absorbed by capillarity due to the presence of pores and voids existing throughout the mass. Masonry structures that extend below water level (either river, sea or ground water) in addition are subjected to a pressure of the water above; this actually forces water into the pores and voids of the masonry sur faces. This pressure is termed hydrostatic pressure; the deeper the structure extends below the water level, the greater the hydrostatic pressure at any point The presence of water in masonry structures may cause damage in a number of ways. Freezing water expands and causes concrete to crack. Chemical containing waters attack concrete and weaken it and eventually may cause corrosion of reinforcing steel. The passage of water through concrete also removes certain constituents which weaken it Hydrostatic pressure causes both lateral and upward thrust Vertical walls must be designed to resist lateral thrust and floors to resist upward thrust Static water will exert a pres sure of 62Yt pounds per square foot 0.43 pounds per square inch, for each foot of heat (See tables on page 12.) Membrane Waterproofing Method To effectively prevent the entrance of water under pres sure, the time proved method of membrane waterproofing should be followed. When properly applied, membrane water proofing seals and protects the entire area by forming a con tinuous waterproof blanket on the outside surface, through the footings, and over the floor area. Floor waterproofing should be covered with reinforced concrete of sufficient strength and thickness or weight to counteract any expected upward thrust from hydrostatic pressure. Where and when feasible, an efficient drainage system should be designed and installed to reduce hydrostatic pres sure. Water pressure must be relieved during construction by pumping until the masonry structure has developed .suf ficient strength to overcome both lateral and upward thrust in the long run, any concrete or masonry structure will eventually deteriorate to some degree if it is not water proofed effectively because of the destructive effect of water. The cost of the waterproofing is small in comparison with the total cost of the structure, yet waterproofing pro longs the life of the structure and insures the safety of the investment What Does The Waterproofing? The actual waterproofing provided by a membrane assembly comes only from the amount of coal tar pitch waterproofing agent which is applied between the plies of reinforcement. The purpose of the reinforcement layers is to build up the sufficient amount of pitch to meet the waterproofing re quirements of each job and to give strength and flexibility to the membrane itself. The pitch does the waterproofing. Erieview Plaza in Cleveland, Ohio includes a concourse, skating rink, and fountains in a reflecting pool thet mirrors the hub of the complex--the 40-story Erieview office tower. Erieview Plaza's mall covers a 450-car underground garage. Because of the tree wells and water-filled pools in the park, and the rigorous weather in Cleveland, waterproofing was a major problem. It was solved'with the most water-resistant material known to construc tion: coal tar pitch. Koppers 5-ply coal tar pitch waterproofing membrane was used to waterproof the mail, and the concourse sur rounding the building. 4 THE NEED FOR DAMPPROOFING _7_ Ko Dampproofing is a water-repellent surface coating applied by mop, brush, spray or trowel and should only be used where there is no hydrostatic pressure against the surface. Water proofing is dampproofing but dampproofing is not waterproof ing. Dampproofing becomes ineffectual when cracks develop in masonry structures from settlement or other causes. If the earth surrounding the foundation walls holds water for any length of time, moisture will penetrate the masonry structure because of its porosity. Mortar averages about 15 to 20% voids and concrete about 13 to 17%. A good dampproofing coating will penetrate into and fill the pores of a surface. It is sufficiently elastic to resist minor expansion and contrac tion and is unaffected by weak acids and alkalies that may come in contact with it Dampproofing must be applied in a sufficient number of coats to provide a film free of pinholes. It must have a strong bond with the surface to which it is applied to in sure that it will remain in place. Dampproofing should not be applied to a masonry surface which may be saturated with moisture and also subject to freezing and thawing, Through-Wall Flashing Through-wall flashing employing fabric embedded in a flash ing cement, is designed to prevent the penetration of inter mittently present water through a wall or similar construction by diverting the direction of flow. It is essentially the same as dampproofing in principle, but differs in that dampproof ing is generally an all-over surface treatment while throughwall flashing is restricted to vulnerable points. A 50-foot-wide, open promenade deck, encircling the base of Pittsburgh's new stainless steel dome Civic Arenas designed by Mitchell & Ritchey, architects, serves a dual role as walkway and roof. Better than two-thirds of the promenade area functions as a roof over the lower- level entrances, meeting rooms and storage areas. The walkway-roof has been waterproofed in a time- proven roofing formula by application of a multi-ply "membrane?* of coal-tar pitch and tar-saturated fabric, so that the rooms below will remain bone-dry in air kinds of weather. The waterproof membrane consists of five layers of pitch, and two plies each of tar-satur ated felt and cotton fabric^ - The 60 tons of coal-tar pitch required for the water proofing system wea supplied by Koppers Company, Irxv KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. 5 MATERIALS COAL TAR WATERPROOFING PITCH II Koppers coal tar Waterproofing Pitch is manufactured by distilling selected blends of high-tempera ture coke oven tars to the proper consistency for waterproofing ap plications. The pitch produced is. resistant to attack by termites, is self-healing and self-sealing if slight breaks occur in the pitch. It conforms to irregularities in the surfaces to be waterproofed and bonds permanently to properly pre pared masonry surfaces. Koppers Waterproofing Pitch complies with A.S.T.M. specifica tion D-450 Type B and Federal Specification R.P.-381 Type II. Koppers Waterproofing Pitch is furnished in 400-500 lb. drums. It is available also in hot liquid form should the waterproofing project be of sufficient size for this type of delivery. Fhltf IdiatffleatJM if Ktaft aid AiNialt It is ofttn difficult to tall whitliir coal tar pitch or asphalt has bun Mivarcd to a job. Both ara dark brawn to black in color and are handled in a similar manner. The following ara a few simple tests which can be used in the field to assist the specifier or engineer to dif ferentiate between the two product*! Pitch Bituminous coal derivative Won't quickly dissolve or discolor gasoilne Will sink in 16% salt water solution Specific gravity in 1.25 range Shipped in light metal open top drums Asphalt Petroleum derivative Will quickly dissolve in and discolor gasoline Will float in IE . salt water solution Soecifie gravity in UJ range -. usually shipped in paper cartons REINFORCEMENTS Architects and engineers have long realized that waterproofing compounds themselves are highly water-repellent, but do not re main in piece if applied alone. A support ing framework adds strength and flexibility to the waterproofing agent and provides the means for specified quantities to be built-up in place. It is only logical to use the best reinforcement to produce the best membrane. SELECTION OP REINFORCEMENT Then, are three basic reinforcement prod ucts used in standard waterproofing mem branes. GLASFAB*, saturated cotton fabric, and felt The choice of reinforcement mem ber^*pends on several factors which must be evaluated against the requirements of each specifiejob. Since all three products have been used extensively over the years with success, select the reinforcement which best meets the requirements of job site conditions, expected hydrostatic pres sure, type of surface, severity of environ ment, potential future movement value of structure and contents to be protected, and economics. GLASFAB GLASFAB is a lightweight, very highstrength, open-mesh, woven-glass fabric which, when combined with applications of waterproofing pitch, forms a tough, mon olithic waterproofing membrane. It has greater strength and resistance to punc ture than felt and is especially effective where vibration or deflection may be en countered. It lends flexibility to the mem brane and conforms to the contours of the surface over which'it Is applied. GLASFAB is particularly recommended in waterproof ing systems under heavily-loaded columns, for machine and railroad track isolations, in buildings, as well as for bridges, roadways, tunnels, underground garages, parking decks, planter boxes, reflecting pools, etc. It can be applied on comers, angles, and irregular surfaces without entrapping air, thus creating a stronger bond. FABRIC For years, saturated cotton fabric has been a standard reinforcement product for water proofing membranes. It has certain charac teristics which are particularly adaptable to membrane applications such as open mesh construction, flexibility and conform ance to the contours of the substrate. FELT Felts have been used for many years and perform satisfactorily as reinforcement for waterproofing membranes. Tarred felt in combination with alternate layers of water proofing pitch forms an effective membrane. Combinations of felt and GLASFAB or fabric are sometimes used in alternate plies. Al ternately, felt may be used in the underlying plies with GLASFAB or fabric in the outer plies. ...................... - - - GLASFAB o A strong duntil* ralnforc*- menfc. Not* opan waov* and flat man of GLASFAB for a*aa of bitumen penetration resulting in monolithic can. ftructJom 1 6 r GLASFAB is 2 wovsti glass reinforcing fabric; whicli is coated with a specially formulated hydrocarboir resin suitable for use with all waterproofing materials. made of 100% textile glass yam, inorganic and rot proof. extremely high and permanent tensile strength. - maximum resistance to acids and high temperatures^. open mesh weave, eliminating moisture or air entrapment. tough puncture and impact ' resistances loomwoverr uniformity whicfr gives dimensional stability, minimum thickness, giving high " " fiexibilityv-trim laps, greater volume of bitumen per square without sagging. low overall cost because the first cost is the last cost. STANDARD ROLL . . Size .~v. 180? frcone direction and then width ... .36 iir_ . f through^ 360 over the same length----- 150 ft V't, r\ \.c-: - - ^noandreLiadieopppsitedirection. Weight...........a lbs. Breaking strengtfr Cofbc.Bfack i (by grad method! - . - ^ Threadcount--. .20x10 warp......... 75 lbs. - Alscr available: Thread Count-- fill ........... 75 tbs- .. . . 20x20 -s<l _A^-^*ndiax IQ:. Flexibility ~ " - 7 - V. r No cracking of the uncoatedfab- GLASFAB'is'made to-comply with' ric when at 32F, it is berrtover ' A.S*T.ht. Specification D-1666and a lii' mandrel through an arc of Federal Specification HH-C-466h. TAR SATURATED COTTON WATERPROOFING FABRIC Tar Saturated Cotton Waterproofing Fabric, an open-mesh cotton fabric, is ' thoroughly saturated with coal tar pitch by being passed successively through hot melted pitch and hot squeeze rolls during its manufacture. It is sufficiently porous to permit the moppings of hot Waterproofing Pitch to penetrate through during the application of the waterproofing and become firmly anchored in place. Tar Saturated Cotton Fabric is manufactured in the following grades: Standard Grade--a -high-quality, saturated cotton waterproofing fabric with good tensile strength and a thread count of 28 x 18. Specification Grade--a superior cotton waterproofing fabric which is made to comply with A.S.T.M. Specification 0*173, Federal Specification HH-C-581a and HH-C-591. ]_ Ko Protection Course A newly apolied waterproofing membrane mult be protected agalntt rupture and puncture dur. In* backfilling or construction. In all cates, backfilling should be done ae soon ae possible to further protect the membrane. Impregnated building board or im pregnated rigid insulations serve at good protection course materials for the average application. A course of cement concrete ap plied against the waterproofing can be used as a bedding course for brick, tile, or other protective fac ing in applications such as swim ming pools, shower baths, dairy and hotsl kitchen doors. N ss\\\\\\m\ Waterproofing may be protected by a slab of concrete In tunnels, sub ways. sidewalk vaults, sub-base ments and reservoirs. TARRED FELT Approved Tarred Felt is a product of the "felting" of organic fibers. The dry felt is passed through a hot bath of coal tar and hot squeeze rolls. Koppers tar saturated felt increases in weight not less than 140% during saturation. The felt most frequently used in waterproofing applications has a minimum weight of 13 pounds per 100 square feet or a minimum weight of 56 pounds per roll of 432 square feet Approved Tarred Felt is made to comply with A.S.T.M. Specification D-227 and Federal Specification HH-R-595. Protection course can be omitted on culverts and bridgs arenas pro viding a uniformly fine flit, free of Cinders am* sharp stone, is avail able to be -placed directly against the waterproofing. KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. 7 DETAILS Careful detailing, particularly in the critical areas of a structure, is essential to achieve a watertight job. The following pages contain sug gested methods of handling the details for typical critical areas encountered in sub grade waterproofing. It is rec ognized that many jobs have their own particular set of conditions which often re quire special detailing. The following group of details by no means illustrates the only methods for a given situation but are shown as details which have resulted in suc cessful applications over the years. fan if ; iu FOUNDATION WATERPROOFING NO SCALE SIDEWALK VAULT 8 Vj'-l'-O- TUNNa u'- v-v MEMBRANE THRU KEY JOINT l'--r-cr WATERPROOFING BETWEEN SLABS (Whan Btturmnou* Pmn( ta uaad no axoanaan pant a nacaasary) In ntnfrooflnc aealleatlan* batman alaba wMra a poaalbttlty of momnant tittta Intredaea a all* M*t or anti-bandia tUmant on tM top turfaca of tfia watarprooflnt mambcana. Thlt ponnlti tM top or aaastad ilao to mon without damama tM mamoraM bantam IL A tooan building paptr Imoarvfoua to 01- tununota matanal, httvy polyathyltnt non-aotorMnt insulation, a mnttown VO moot. #iyt coatad rocfina fait, Inc* land bod or a combination of hnaolno mattrlala ara urn of tfia matartaia nbMfl maka wltabia flip anaatx or antf- bendlna alamaata. PIPE DETAIL THRU HORIZONTAL SLAB l'--l'-O* KOPPERS COMPANY, INC, 9 specifications MEMBRANE WATERPROOFING The waterproofing specifications on these pages are based upon many years of technical and practical experience. They are presented in the accepted CSI (Construction Specifica tions Institute) form for the convenience of the specifier. The methods of application are in accordance with ac cepted standard practice. The materials recommended have been designed and tested for the best waterproofing appli cations. Under most conditions access to a waterproofing membrane in service is difficult, costly, and sometimes impossible. It is recommended that the specifier seriously consider overspecify ing in situations where there is any doubt regarding correct number of plies, layers of pitch and strength requirements in any membrane system. A thoroughly experienced and reliable contractor is essen tial for a successful application. Plies of Membrane Recommended for Different Water Pressures Sued on todllcitlan to wild wttt or floor Mt n*M, MeweeiMWiWitnae 1 1 1-3 4-10 11*23 26-90 51-100 pa** 2i 3 41 S1 1 3 4 9 T Pressure in Pounds per Square Inch for Different Heads of Water in Feet 0.433 I 0.SS6 12*9 1.732 2.145 22M | 10311 1444 32*7 4.3X 4.7S3 9.19e]s.l2S 1.0*2 4.4*9 j 1.9211 72*1 7.7*4 1227 two 9.0(3 9229 i 9.959 102*2 10423II12SI111441112.124 12257 12.900 13.423 13254 042*9 14.722 HISS 192*1 (11021116.454 142*7 17.320 17.753 111*5 09219 19.052 14.4*5 llt.911120251 (20.7(4 21217 so paso 22.0*1 2221* 02.94*123212 *3219 tUM |244llI2S.114 25247 sotes.seo 29.413 129.14* 2727* 127.712 HUS 2*27* 12*411 29.444 29.477 70 [kJIO lx.743 |lU7l 01.90* 32.042 32473 222011*3241 ill774 3(207 K 34.440 90 (31970 3S.073 39.443 19.50* (3*23* Blt3S j2t* (430*2.77022(I134111.10355 37239(37471:31104 |412M [42.001 (42.434 31237 (42 *47 Rtf. KIMtr-eirttr ArcMttcti jut SaOdwi HttOboek Matsrial Quantities (for ettimsting purposes) Ptitt f lMt Tar Ugrtty Turn wt MprMt tv Wt 1 3 * s 6 aKWMtf Mke tt twin WearprwSwm* 3 4 s 6 7 ts CVpItl men toa i* ft ef 90 120 ISO ISO 210 MEMBRANE WATERPROOFING (CSI 0IVISI0N 7) 1. SCOPE All membrane waterproofing for concrete slabs -- vertical and horizontal--where noted on drawings shall be ply membrane weterproofing consisting of------------------------------- 2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS i Preparation of surfaces: Surfaces to be waterproofed shall be reasonably smooth and free from holes or projections which might cause puncture of the membrane. The surface shall be dry and thoroughly cleaned to remove dust and loose mate rials immadiataly before application of the waterproofing. Do not apply waterproofing when effects of freezing or moisture will adversely affect the waterproofing application. b. Applicator: All membrane waterproofing shall be applied by an experienced roofing and waterproofing contractor. 3. APPLICATION PRECAUTIONS a. Pitch shall not be heated above 375*F. b. Roll or press firmly all plies of membrane into the hot pitch and apply without wrinkles, buckles or kinks. e. On vertical walla apply pitch with cotton roller mops or by other suitable application techniques. d. Ley membranes on vertical surfaces of deep waterproofing surfaces in courses not exceeding ten feet in length where immediate and careful backfilling is not possible. After each course of waterproofing system is completed and before the top mopping is applied, nail each course at the upper edge before the next course is applied. Nail each succeeding course endfapping not less than 10 inches. 1 Reinforce wall angles, corners or any place the waterproof ing membrane course may be subject to unusual stresses with not less than 2 additional plies of fabric or GLASFAB reinforcement and moppings of pitch. f. Insulate and protect all hot water and steam pipes which project through or are near the surfaces to be waterproofed. Take the necessary precautions to prevent water from getting between the waterproofing and the waterproofed surface at all points where the membrane is penetrated by drains, pipes, etc. Apply extra plies of reinforcing membrane and pitch mop pings in these areas. g. Carefully examine laps which have been exposed for any length of time, such as at the junction of a vertical wall and a slab, for defects and insufficient lap areas and repair as necessary before proceeding with further application. h. Apply all membrane waterproofing systems in a workman like manner and use wood nailers treated with a water-borne preservative for all vertical wall waterproofing. L Protect the membrane from damage by other trades after installation to maintain the integrity of the waterproofing throughout the structure. -- j. Ventilation should be provided in enclosed spaces during application. 12 specifications MEMBRANE WATERPROOFING The waterproofing specifications on these pages are based upon many years of technical and practical experience. They are presented in the accepted CSI (Construction Specifica tions Institute) form for the convenience of the specifier. The methods of application are in accordance with ac cepted standard practice. The materials recommended have been designed and tested for the best waterproofing appli cations. Under most conditions access to a waterproofing membrane in service is difficult, costly, and sometimes impossible. It is recommended that the specifier seriously consider overspecify ing in situations where there is any doubt regarding correct number of plies, layers of pitch and strength requirements in any membrane system. A thoroughly experienced and reliable contractor is essen tial for a successful application. Piles of Membrane Recommended for Different Water Pressures S*s*tf on ipollation to solid will or floor j ML nans. Marfa* CwlSU Fdt l Fair* 1 I Is MS 1-3 4-10 11-25 26-30 31-100 *bm 2i 3! 41 s1 1 * 4 * Pressure in Pounds per Square Inch for Different Heads of Water in Feet use | xim X4S4 34*7 *42* | 7.3*1 7.7*4 X227 1123*1114*1 12.124 12457 134** jlS.021 16.434 1S4S7 If.911120.331 (20.7*4 21217 23.113124348 |244S1 125.114 23447 H.145 2X37*2X011 29.444129.177 32473 3240*13X341 3X774134207 13X103 3723*137471 13X10413*437 1.133 (41461142001142.434142.M7 *f. Kldotr-ftrtor ArtNtfcts on* Xilldofi HaidOoek Material Quantities (for estimating purposes) HksVKmnTv uantu ratrtc v SSrm* tv Wt 2 3 4 s 6 ItWSStS MMlBfS < XlSSVf wtv 3 4 3 6 7 WMilOM rassM t* capita * 10* it ft. rt wtvsrsslvs 90 120 ISO 1*0 210 MEMBRANE WATERPROOFING (CSI OIVISION 7) 1. SCOPE All membrane waterproofing for concrete slabs --vertical and horizontal --where noted on drawings shall beply membrane waterproofing consisting of 2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS a. Preparation of surfaces: Surfaces to be waterproofed shall be reasonably smooth and free from holes or projections which might causa puncture of the membrane. The surface shall be dry and thoroughly cleaned to remove dust and loose mate rials immediately before application of the waterproofing. Do not apply waterproofing where effects of freezing or moisture will adversely affect the waterproofing application. b. Applicator All membrane waterproofing shall be applied by an experienced roofing and waterproofing contractor. 3. APPLICATION PRECAUTIONS a. Pitch shall not be heated above 375*F. b. Roll or press firmly all plies of membrane into the hot pitch and apply without wrinkles, buckles or kinks. c. On vertical walls apply pitch with cotton roller mops or by other suitable application techniques. d. Lay membranes on vertical surfaces of deep waterproofing surfaces in courses not exceeding ten feet in length where immediate and careful backfilling is not possible. After each course of waterproofing system is completed and before the top mopping is applied, nail each course at the upper edge before the next course is applied. Nail each succeeding course endlapping not less than 10 inchex x Reinforce wall anglex comers or any place the waterproof ing membrane course may be subject to unusual stresses with not less than 2 additional plies of fabric or GLASFAB reinforcement and moppings of pitch. f. Insulate and protect ail hot water and steam pipes which project through or are near the surfaces to be waterproofed. Take the necessary precautions to prevent water from getting between the waterproofing and the waterproofed surface at all points where the membrane is penetrated by drains, pipes, etc. Apply extra plies of reinforcing membrane and pitch mop pings in these areas. g. Carefully examine laps which have been exposed for any length of time, such as at the junction of a vertical wall and a slab, for defects and insufficient lap areas and repair as necessary before proceeding with further application. h. Apply all membrane waterproofing systems in a workman like manner and use wood nailers treated with a water-borne preservative for all vertical wall waterproofing. L Protect the membrane from damage by other trades after installation to maintain the integrity of the waterproofing throughout the structure. -- j. Ventilation should be provided in enclosed spaces during application. 12 2 coat DampprooAng r Hot Pitch or Cold Applied Damproofing - Mirttt-Pty Ter Membrane WttwpnoAni 7 Ko ' Concrete Nails Thro Flat fin Discs, 10" O.C. or Wood Nailer (if concrete non-nailahle) "IMtMyTv Mn Utn- -M Wtin--r-p--r--M-. VM- I Multi-Ply Tar Mtntbram Waterproofing PLANTER BOX Waterproofing^nd/or Dampproofing Cows* (Should be hard material such as cement asbestos board to protect against damage from digging) ^ PLANTER DRAIN SHOWER BATH WATERPROOFING s. KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. 11 Ka 4. MATERIALS a. Coal Tar Waterproofing Fttcfi--AATJ*. 0450 Typo B b. Membrane (Select one or combination) GLASFAB--AJLT.M. 0-1668 Tar Saturated Cotton Fabric--AAT.M. 0173 Approved Tarred Felt--A.S.T.M. 0227 C. Concrete Priming Oil--K&.TM. 04341 3. APPLICATION i. Horizontal concrete slabt (1) Beginning at the low point of the slab mop trie surface with hot Koppers Waterproofing Pitch and immediately apply the reinforcing membrane over the entire area. (2) Be sure that each piy it solidly mopped and bonded. (3) For the various waterproofing systems lap the reinforcing plica as followss (a) Two Ply System --lap 19 inches, (b) Throe Ply System--lap 22% inches, (c) Four Ply System --lap 27Vi inches, (d) Five Ply System -- lap 29 inches. (4) Mop the entire top surface with Koppers Water proofing Pitch. The completed waterproofing forms a firmly bonded system and the reinforcement shall not be exposed at any piece. (5) As soon as any portion of the waterproof ing has been completed, caver it with the protection course specified, such as brick, tile, concrete rigid insulation or other specified material. b. Plaaa waterproofing: When membrane waterproofing is used in plaza construction with interior drains and finish slab does not rest immediately on the waterproofing, but on con crete pedestals, in addition to the application precautions above the following additional precautions shall be taken: (1) If deck is sloped to interior drains, specify waterproofing pitch conforming to ASTM Specification 0450 Type A. (2) Before the pouring or piecing of pedestals supporting pre cast finish slabs, additional reinforcement shall be installed under each pedestal over existing membrane. (3) Extreme care should be taken to protect the finished waterproofing from damage by other trades during construction of towers, etc. Place a protective course over the finished membrane until the wearing surface is placed. (4) On precast concrete systems all joints should be grouted with flashing cement and stripped. ' c. Vertical wall: (1) Over the entire surface to be water proofed, apply a uniform brush coet of Koppers Concrete Priming Oil, approximately 1 gallon for each 100 square feet (2) Mop wall completely with Koppers Waterproofing Pitch. (3) Starting at the most practical place, install the de sired number of plies lapping them as follows: (a) Fear My-- lap 21% inches, (b) Three Ply--lap 24% inches, (c) Twe Piy-- lap 19 inches, (d) When more than 4 plies are used in a membrane, it is recommended that they be Installed In at least two operations, La, 2 plies over three, 3 plies over three, etc. maintaining the shingle fashion method in each operation. (4) Nall membrane with concrete nails 8 Inches on centers through flat tin discs at the end lap and hori zontally across the membrane, if wood nailers are installed, nail membrane to nailer with 1% inch roofing nails through flat tin discs 8 inches on cantors. (5) Mop the entire surface with Koppers Waterproofing Pitch. The completed waterproof ing forms a firmly bonded system and the reinforcement shall not be exposed at any place. (6) As soon as any por tion of the waterproofing has bean completed, cover it with the protection course and backfill. University at llllnot* in Urbane. lllnote--Twenty-two campus bulhUnra are protected horn moisture with ooaUialf million square fare or coal tar pitch waterproofing membrane Fifteen buildinai are already constructed Including tna Lacture Cantor, library, union nnmptaa, aotaoca- and engineering laboratorlre. staff and administration building; tna physical ptarrt and theOraat Court. Sevan otnar buildinai are undar construction. ArcMtacta for tha Chicago Circle, Skidmore, carings and Marrlll at Chicago and arehltacta for tha physical plant bulUng A. Sustain A Sons, Inc. Chleasp and a F. Murphy Asooctatag. CMcajC arehltacta for tha union building specified SZJOO sc ft. of 3-pty oool tar pitch mambtana to watarpraot tha are* banaoth tha aaadrea, multWeval pottos surrounding tha amphithaatar. In addition 90PQO ac ft or ooai tar Pitch mambrans was uaad to watarpreoF a mare of 10 toot utility tunnafs which connect two physical plant buUdfagg with alt acadamic and administration buildings. in Lea Angetae--The California Federal Ptazs building roof aatvas as r landing spot tar heUcoptan. For aatarpreoflng undar tha ItoUreop slab, Chartaa Luremao Aaaoctatae arehltacta, satactad a Ksppsra Spiy ooaMar pitch watarpreaflng many' branc A similar syream protacts tha am floor root, undar a slats promenade on tha ground, twenty taraa planting boras are watatprectad with a simitar S-ply built-up msmbrana eov arad with W Insulation tar protaettan from tha dirt lsawnant walla otkstoa a sarvtaa and toarega area are kept permanently dry wttn a Koppers system of priming oil plus a My watanpreoflng membrane and a top costing at pitch. KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. 13 specifications DAMPPROOFING-SUB-GRADE Three systems are recommended for subgrade dampproofing of masonry surfaces: Pitch Dampproofing (hot applied meth od), Koppers Foundation Coating (cold applied method), and Bitumastic Super Service Black (cold applied method). The dampproofing specifications which follow are designed to prevent the penetration of moisture or dampness through a masonry surface. They are not designed to withstand hydro static pressures. Written in the accepted CSI (Construction Specifications institute) form for the convenience of the Specifier, these specifications aDply to surface above grade as well as be low. Materials and methods suggested are designed to keep walls dry. Depending on conditions, dampproof coating aoelications may te made on either exterior or interior surfaces of reinforced concrete. These treatments also give protec tion to the reinforcing steel. Application is of extreme importance and the selection of a reliable contractor is essential for an effective job. Damp proofing will not withstand cracks or other structural failures due to ground movement, settlement or other causes even if it is expertly installed. DAMPPROOFING SUB-GRADE. HOT PITCH METHOD* (CSI DIVISION 7) Pitch dtmpprooflng because of the inertness of coat tar pitch, has proved to be highly desirable and is recommended for most dampproofing applications. Where hot applications are not practical, alternative cold applied methods as mentioned above can be used. 1. SCOPE Foundations, bridge abutments, basements, retaining wails, culverts, reservoirs, dams, sumps, pits, vats, tanks, as noted on drawings, shall be dampproofed by the hot pitch appli cation method usingcoats. 2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS a. Preparation of surfaces: All cracks, holes and voids and open areas in a concrete surface caused by segregation of coarse aggregate shall be thoroughly wetted with water and then carefully filled with Portland Cement Mortar, struck flush and permitted to dry. Before applying dampproofing, the masonry surface shall be free of dirt grease, excess mortar or other foreign matter that might interfere with adhesion and penetration of the coating, . 3. MATERIALS - a. Coal Tar Waterproofing Pitch--A&TjiL D450 Type B b. 6LA3FAB--AJ5.TJM. D-1668 . e. Concrete PrMaf Oil--AS.TM. 043-41 4. APPLICATION . : (a) Over the entire surface to be dampproofed, apply a uni form brush coat of Koppers Concrete Priming Oil and allow to penetrate. Approximately 1 palIon shall be used for each 100 square feet (b) App$ a mopping of Koppers Water proofing Pitch. Approximgfpy 25 pounds per 100 square feet shell be used and the pitch shell be matted and hasted to a temperature not In excess of 375*F. (e) A second mopping of waterproofing pitch shall then be applied over the entire surface of the first mopping. Approximately 25 pounds per 100 square fset shall be used sp that the entire amount of pitch applied shall amount to A" total of approximately 50 pounds par 100 square feet (d) Reinforce ell corners, cracks and joints vtfth a strip of GLASFA8 or Tar Saturated Water proofing Fabric, extending 9 Inches on both sides, mopped in place, (e) Fabric reinforcing with its pitch mopping! shall be in addition to the 2 mopping! of pitch, (f) The permanent back fill shall be tamped into place as soon as the last mopping has cooled. preferred method 14 DAMPPROQFING SUB-GRADE, KOPPERS FOUNDATION COATING (COLD) METHOD (CSI DIVISION 7) For the prevention of dampness on interior masonry or con crete surfaces below grade, the use of Koppers Foundation Coating, a heavy body coal tar coating, is very effective. Its coal tar base offers protection against moisture and the acids and alkalies found in soil and cinder fill. It can be applied by brush or with regular spray equipment It pene trates into and bonds tightly to properly prepared masonry surfaces. 1. SCOPE Foundations, bridge abutments, basements, retaining walls, culverts, reservoirs, dams, sumps, pits, vats, tanks as noted on drawings, shall be dampproofed by the Koppers cold method usingcoats. 2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS a. Preparation of surfaces) All cracks, holes and voids and open areas in a concrete surface caused by segregation of coarse aggregate shall be thoroughly wetted with water and then carefully filled with Portland Cement Mortar, struck flush and permitted to dry. Before applying damppreefing, the masonry surface shall be free of dirt, grease, excass mor tar or other foreign matter that might Interfere with adhe sion and penetowon of the coating. 3. MATERIALS a. Kappers Foundation Coating 4. APPLICATION (a) Cover completely the exterior surfaces and footings of foundation walls, retaining walls and bridge abutments with 2 coats of Koppers Foundation Coating applied either by brush or by spray. The application rate is 80-150 square feet per gallon depending upon the porosity of the concrete surface coated, (b) Apply the coating evenly from the foot ings to the soil or grade level so that all surfaces present a uniform black appearance. Brush or spray the second coat at right angles to the first coat to assure thorough coverage of the entire surface with a continuous impervious film, (c) Drying time between the first and second coats is 24 hours. Back-filling shall not be done before. 1 day after the final coat is appliad and shall be completed within 6 days. Ctiieaee CMC Canter--C. F. Muruny Associates--Supervising ArcMtectw Skidmore, Purines A Merrill -- end Loefil, ScJiloeemen A Bonnott--Associate ArcKItects tpeemed 2104300 *q. ft. at 5-ply cool ter pitch membrane to protect the entire Civic C?tar. Areas waterproofed Indude the piexe, air condltionlns equip ment roome on the 9th end Slet floors, trucking concouree tree end rampe. Approximately *04300 tq. ft. of vMterprootlni were ueed on the duel purpeee plea clone which eoporotoe the meee or concrete end briefce which trell from one sky scraper to another. Secondly, the plea an be ueed for out door function* a relllee, concerts end art exhibits. It Includes a pool with fountain, four stairwells, two truck rampe and throe 2Afoot-squers planter boxes. DAMPPROOFING SUB-GRADE, BITUMASTIC SUPER SERVICE BUCK METHOD (CSI DIVISION 7) When a heavy duty dampproofing coating is required for se ver* exposure conditions, Bitumastic Super Service Black provides protection with a very high vapor barrier efficiency. It is a heavy body coal tar base coating applied by brush or special spray equipment It bonds tightly and dots not run or sag on vertical surfaces. 1. SCOPE Foundations, bridge abutments, basements, retaining walls, culverts, reservoirs, dams, sumps, pits, vats, tanks, as noted on drawings, shall be dampproofad by the Bitumastic Super Service Black cold application method usingcoats. 2. 6ENERAL REQUIREMENTS a. Preparation of surfaces: All cracks, holes and voids and open areas in a concrete surface caused by segregation of coarse aggregate shall be thoroughly watted with water and than carefully filled with Portland Cement Mortar, struck flush and permitted ,to dry. Befora applying dampproofing, the masonry surface shall be free of dirt grease, excess mor tar or other foreign matter that might interfere with adhe sion and penetration of the coating. 3. MATERIALS a Bitumastic Super Sanies Black 4. APPLICATION (a) Apply one coat of Koppars Bitumastic Super Service Black by brush or heavy-duty spray equipment over entire surface to be protected. Apply at a rata of 80 to 100 square feet per gallon. Actual coverage will depend on density and porosity of the concrete, (b) Allow 24 hours drying time, (c) Apply a second coat of Koppers Bitumastic Super Service Black at the rate of 80 to 100 square feat par gallon, (d) Allow a minimum of 48 hours drying time before back-filling. {) To achieve greater film strength, apply ona ply of GLASFAB to the surface immediately before the second application. FsoUacOnla TYPICAL BASEMENT OAMPPROOFING KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. WATERPROOFING...AND DAMPPROOFING r Ko SINCE? 1917?' The Compton Hill Reservoir is.one of two reser-' voirs serving- SL Louis. Missouri, and all of St_ Louis' County. It" was built ir* 187Q with- ar. 56- million-gallon capacity! Irr 19177 to stop a 3-mil-t lion-gallon per day leak; a Koppers 5-ply. coal tan-- pitch: membrane- waterproofing; system was. in "IK stalled on the reservoir floor The reservoir has not been emptied* far maintenance since 1917-. however, several test borings weredrilled in prep aration for the construction- aF Interstate High- way 44, which will be located within 100 to 200" feet of the reservoir and below- its floor level. These test borings have indicated no reservoir- 5.V leakage-- . SINCE 1937 Mellon Institute, a non profit institute of indus trial research- irr Pittsburgh, Pa., is completely protected with Koppers coal tar pitch mem-brane waterproofing system. Over G3 tons of pitch and 84,288 square feet of burlap were required to waterproof the terraces, steps, entrances and Sjr- sidewalk. The system has been in use since 1937, when the building was constructed. It., USED TODAY Wham watarprooflnt is critics! Prudential Canter--Boston, Mass--Bettar than 350.000 square feet of 3-ply waterproofing membrane, composed of coat tar waterproofing pitch, manufactured by Koppers Company, Inc, and woven glass fabric, was installed throughout Boston's new 52-story Prudential Tower and its adjoining plazas. The architects, Charles Luekman Associates and Hoyle, Doran & Berry, specified this same protection for water proofing all comfort facilities and as a complete water proofing system for the five mechanical floors. This waterproofing system plays a major protective role in the North and South Plazas where decorative fountains, land scaped terraces with golden weeping willows and Japanese holly bushes and a sunken ice-skating rink are special attractions in these areas. (Photo courtesy of Aerial Photo of New England) SINCE 1950 Since it was completed in 1959, the Washburn Tunnel in Houston, Texas has been prctccf'-d with a Koppers coal tar pitch membrane water proofing system. Approximately 24.000 cars per day travel 2,936 feet from portal to portal with out encountering wet spots. (fcwthtrd of the new Washington Hilton Hotel is under ground--and 200,000 sq. ft of 5-ply coal tar membrane makes it watarproof. Because no building In Washington, D. C* can be over 90 feet high, William B. Tablet, the architect of the new Washington Hilton Hotel, had to design a structure that would have much usable space underground. The hotel has five (avals below pads, including garages, ballroom, dining rooms, lobbies, exhibit space and service space. KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. 3