Document QXMpjXGY9vZ85ewb98rV41BZ4

Vol. 2. FOUNDATION FACTS October, 1940 This new-ltter la Issued monthly totmemtar companies and trade associations aflUtatedfryith Air Hygiene Foundation. Its purpose Is to xaport Foundation news and activities. Air .'Hygiene Foundation is a partnership of Industrz^aad tH science organised to protect the health^ot-'.the CS "W6l18 million workmen in heavy lndustry-.'iv^ ra co fi Fifth Annual Meeting Nov The fifth annual Meeting of Air Hygiene Foundation, scheduled at Mellon Instttw^Vyfy Pittsburgh, Nov. 12-13, will insist that the health of workers is as vital as heal,|fe4".'vw1'*' of soldiers in girding America. Defense Droduetion demands defense of employee heaJttft-i. . . Prof. Philip Drinker cf Harvard will head a symposium highlighting health saffe* ;-vvnv " guards in the mining, mechanical and chemical industries which boar the brunt of prs*.^' .. parodness production. In World. War I, eight to nine men were busy in the mills ing one soldier supplied at the front. Participants in the symposium include: ' KjV'_ Capt. Ernest V/. Brown, Senior Medical Officer, Brooklyn Navy Yard -- Industrial . > Hygiene and the Navy in National Defense; Dr. P.A. Nr;ul, National Institute of Health**...cy The U.S. Public Health Service in the Defense Program; Dr. Howard V/. Haggard, Yale University -- Noxious Gases; Dr. Carey P. McCord, Detroit -- Health Protection in Tfltflr ;y trie V,'elding; William P. Yant, Research Director, Mine Safety AjpJiances Company -- PM^T` tection of Civilians in 'War Time. Dr. E.R. Weidlein, Director, Mellon Institute, who is serving the National Advis*'.- ory Defense Commission, will speak on "Industry in the National Unergency." L. Metcalfe. Walling, Administrator, Division of Public Contracts, U.S. Labor Department, vail cuss health requirements on government contracts under the Walsh-Hcalev Act, * u- Findings from Foundation researches on industrial health will be reported by Dr* '- L.U. Gardner, The Saranac (N.Y.) Laboratory, Dr. Eliot R. Clark, University of Pann- ' i' sylvania, and Prof. Drinker of Harvard. - l" Dr. A*J Lioiza, Chat man of the Foundation's Medical Committee, will report on "what's now" in industrial hygiene. Dr. VIM. Gafafer, U.S* Public Health Service, will report on the study of "Sick Absenteeism in Industry" which the Foundation has started in collaboration with the Public Health Service and the Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons. T.C. Waters of the Foundation's Legal Committee will discuss latest legislation affecting workmen's compensation for occupational disease. . - ' Two New Members Powers X-Ray Products, Inc., end the Industrial Tape Corporation, an affiliate of Johnson <2c Johnson, recently joined Air Hygiene Foundation. Chlorine Safety Chart Available The Mathicson Alkuli Works, Inc., 60 E. 42nd St., Nov/ York City, issued a revision of its Chlorine Safety Chart. C.S. Glenn, Vice President, replying to our inquiry, states: "V;o will iie glad tc send one of those charts to anyone desiring it, and we would bo glad tc 'nave you so state in your FOUNDATION FACTS. High health standards are now demanded in British industries under governmental order. Voluntary action by industry for health improvement, as in Mr Hygiene Foundation, forestalls such governmental demands. AIA HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVCNU PITTSBURGH, PA. fi PLAINTIFFS ti EXHIBIT ( a? OO 0, October, 1940 Air Hygiene Foundation, 4400 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. DIGEST OF INDUSTRIAL HTOISNB Literature--News--Developments News Items 692 Pules On Hernia Revised. Under date of July 12, 1940, the Industrial Commission of Ohio revised its rules on hernia as sot out below: All Hernia claims shall be considered on their merits, special stress being laid on the following general principles: The Commission considers hernia as a disease or a physical weakness which ordinarily develops gradually and is rarely the result of an accident. A pulsa tion in the internal ring without definite protrusion is not considered a hernia, A large hernia extending to the external ring or farther discovered within a short time following the injury without severe pain and prostration is considered un related to the injury. A hernia appearing two years or more after the operation at the site of the operation should not be considered as the result of the origin al injury or operation. (a) The claimant must establish by competent proof: (1) That the injury resulting in hernia was sustained in the course of and arising out of his employment, (2) That tho hernia appeared immediately or within a short period following the injury. (3) That the hernia did not exist prior to the injury. Ohio Ind, Consn. Monitor, 13, 142 (September, 1940), 693 Occupations Hazardous for Minors. Beginning September, 1940, minors between 16 and 18 cannot bo employed in coal mining operations other than those specified in this order. The exceptions in clude slate or refuse picking at a table or chute in a tipple or breaker, and work on the surface such as in offices. Child Labor Regulations, order No. 3. U*S. Dept. Labor, Childrens Bureau, Washington (August 1, 1940), 694 Microfilm Copying. Microfilm copying of many of the original articles referred to in this Digest and published in tho periodicals received by the Airoy Medical Library of Washing ton is being done by "Medicofilm Service," a non-profit organization operating in the Army Medical Library, The charge is 30 cents for each complete article not exceeding 30 pages in length, and 10 cents for each addtional 10 pages or fraction thereof, A circular of information and containing a list of the more than 4000 periodicals received by the Library will be sent upon request. Address requests, orders and remittances to -- Medicofilm Service, Army Medical Library, 7th Street and Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D. C. HHB8-60iOi21 HM B0-0010122 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 2. 695 New Treatment for Silicosis. Reports of the first clinical trials of a new treatment for silicosis was brough to the American Public Health. Association at its meeting in Detroit. For a number of weeks, seven or eight men arc having their lungs dusted daily with aluminum powder in the liope of checking any further changes in their lungs cause by silica dust which they breathed at work. It will be at least a year before the results of the treatment can be determined, but the signs now are "far from discouraging." The treatment begins with a two-minute daily inhalation and works up to ?. thirty-minute dose. The men continue their work while they are being treated. Tests of lung function were mado before the start of treatment and will bo mado at intervals thereafter. Before the treatmentswere begun, a large num -n ber of men who had been long exposed to aluminum dust wore carefully studied. They showed no evidonce of harm due to the dust. It is not felt that tho treat ment vail ever supplant proper dust control methods and in fact, the treatment through its patent will be held from plants not up to standard on ventilation and other dust control methods. Science Supplement 92_, 10 (Ootober 18, 1940). Legal Developments 696 Flour Dust. A bakery employee who 'worked for years at a dough molding machine, applied for compensation, claiming he had boon compelled to quit work on account of a bronchitis and asthma which he attributed to constant inhalation of flour dust. Claimant's job required him to take the loaves from the machine and place then in the baking pans and he alleges that an automatic duster on the machine kept him constantly in an atmosphere impregnated with dust from the flour. He first noticed ill effects in 1937 and in Fobruary, 1940, his condition became so bad that he was compelled tc quit work. The case was referred to a medical investi gator who gave it as his opinion that the claimant was simply allergic to flour dust and that his condition was identical with that of persons suffering fran asthma, hay fever and bronchitis from such pollen as ragweed, goldenrod, house dust, etc. The Commission agreed with his conclusions and ordered that the claim be denied. Ohio Industrial Commission Monitor, 13_, 138 (September, 1940). 697 Penumonia Caused by Inhalation of Fumes from Truck. "Injury by Accident?" Plaintiff, a truck driver employed by defendant company, a road building con tractor, became ill after driving for one day one of the company* s heavy truck3. The trial court found that truck 54, operated by plaintiff, was old and worn and discharged an excessive amount of smoke and gases which plaintiff inhaled, the effoct of which was to precipitate tho activity of pneumo-cocci gems which re sulted in pneumonia; that truck 54 for a period of 30 days prior to this time had been discharging a larger amount of fumes and smoke than other trucks on the some job; that there was no accident and no unusual or unexpected occurrence on the date in question. Compensation was denied. Plaintiff has appealed. From the trial court*s findings it night properly bo said that the pncimonia was pxoximate- ly caused by injury sustained from the inhalation of smoke and gas, but tho trial court refused to find that the pneumonia or the injury resulting therein was proximately caused by accident. Does the New Mexico Workman's Compensation statute provide compensation for injuries which are accidental only in tho sense that the injury itself is unforeseen and unexpected, even though there is nothing unforeseen and unoxpected in the surroundings and circumstances in which the occupation or the work is carried on and no unoxpected event has cuased the in jury? Or, must the injury be the result of an accident in the sense that some un foreseen or unexpected occurrence caused the injury? Plaintiff himself disclaims Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 3. m that there is any accident in the case, unless the injury alone may ho regarded { as an accident. Sec. 7 of the 1937 Workmen's Compensation Act of New Mexico provides that a workman claiming compensation "on account of injury suffered by accident...shall give notiee in writing of such accident and of such injury to such employer within thirty days after the occurrence thereof,..." The legislate ture differentiated between "accident" and "injury", and required notice to be given of each "occurrence." This is a strong argument that the legislature meaflC 'CC by "accident" some incident or occurrence external to the claimant's physical condition. Plaintiff knew that the truck burned "lots" of oil and that the fumes and dust filled his lungs and it was hard to breathe, but he continued to work under those conditions which were not unusual to driving a truck on a road _n building job. This is no accident. Neither does the court say the pneumonia plaintiff suffered w&3 an occupational disease. The hazard Y/as probably not naturally and unavoidably incident to the work. The case is rather in a twilight zone. It is held, under tho facts of this case, that pneumonia, unaccompanied by and unrelated to any injury by accident, as such term is construed herein, is 0 not embraced within the terms of the New Mexico Workmen's Compensation Law. Judgment, denying compensation, affirmed. Stevenson v. Leo Moor Contracting Co. ot al. N.M. Supreme Ct. Decided September 21, 1940. (CCH) 698 Silicosis. Whether Employed for Sixty Days After Effective Date of Act, Evidence, Salahub is a brass moulder and was employed in the foundry of plaintiff in error about seven yeers. He filed a claim for compensation under tho Workmon's Occupa tional Diseases act cn account of disablement from advanced silicosis. The award of the arbitrator for permanent total disability was sustained by the Commission and confirmed by tho circuit court of Cook county. The cause is hero on writ of error for further review. It is not contended Salahub*s ailment did not arise out of and in the course of his employment or that he is not permanently and totally disabled. The claim for compensation alleges the approximate date of the last exposure as November 30, 1936. The effective date of the act was October 1, 1936. The employer claims Salahub was discharged on Friday, November 27, 1936, and, therefore, was not employed for a period of sixty days after the effective date of tho act. Salahub contracted silicosis before the act went into effect. Section 23 provides that any employee, who had contracted silicosis or asbestosis prior to the effective dateof tho act, but not disabled therefrom, might, within sixty days after the act took effect, file with the Industrial Conaission a waiver of full compensation, and, upon approval of the waiver, would thereafter bo entitled to fifty per cent of such compensation. The record shows that at quitting time on Friday, November 27, the superintendent gave Salahub such a waiver and directod him to go to the Industrial Commission on the next day and sign it, which Salahub did, but performed no vrork on that day. Ho came to work on the following Monday, November 30, changed his clothes, took out his tools, went to his bench and asked the forman if he should continue the same job he was on Friday. The foreman, and later the superintendent, told him he could not go to work. Salahub*s time card was still in tho machine for recording entrance and departure of employees when he came to work on Monday morning and he punched the -Ti time of his entrance. Sending Salahub to the Industrial Commission with the waiver and leaving his time card in the machine until November 30 tend to show he was not discharged on November 27. The award of the arbitrator and the Ccmmission shows they found Salahub was not discharged until November 30 and this court can not say tho findings is against the manifest weight of the evidence, Salahub was in the employ of plaintiff in error cn October 1, 1936. He was exposed to the hazard of his employment during the period of sixty days after the effective date of the act. This brought him within the terms of Section 25, and it was not necessary to show he was exposed every day during the sixty-day period. It is not material whether he was discharged before or after 7:30 A.M., the time for '&G G-n L----- J _ cs Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 4. -S' starting to v/ork. The day began at midnight. Excluding October 1, he was in employ of plaintiff in error sixty days when he was discharged. The claim es that the act is elective and that no showing was made that the employer elected^ to come within its terms is made for the first time in this court. The hearings before the arbitrator and Commission and in the circuit court wore conducted as3 if the employer hud elected to come within the terms of the act. Parties may not shift their ground on review. The objection comes too late in this court, as The cause will be considered as if formal proof of election had been made. Since the petition for a writ of error herein w'&3 allowed, tho claim that Section 25 is unconstitutional has been settled by this Court in Liborty Foundries Co, v. Industrial Com., .373 111. 146, 25 N.E. (2) 790, adversely to that conten tion. Plaintiff in error, referring to that holding, nevertheless insists that there is no liability in this cause because disability from silicosis could not possibly develop between October 1 and November 30, end points out that the evi dence does not show tho disease was contracted between those dates. The argu ment loses sight cf the fact that section 25 does not contemplate the disease must be contracted during the period of sixty days or more after the effective date of the act. It is not true that disability could not develop in that period from the disease previously contracted. There is a difference between having a disease and being disabled thereby. The contention of no liability cannot be up hold. There is no virtue in the claim that the provisions of Section 25 ore not in harmony with the title of the act, nor is that claim properly presented. It is made here for the first time. All other grounds urged as to tho unconstitu- ticnality cf Section 25 are disposed of in the Liborty Foundries Co. case, supra. Judgment affirmed. Central Pattern ac Foundry Co. v. Industrial C^mission et al. 111. Supremo Ct. Decided October 11, 1940. (CCH). ... . Papers on Dust, Gases and General Industrial Hygiene 699 Industrial Health and National Defense. L.D, Bristol. J.A.M.A. U5, 1235-1237, (October 12, 1940.) Many problems arising out cf the preparedness program will require new industrial health procedures and rules, mere intensive study and research in the field of occupational diseases and industrial poisons. In the author's words the aim should be "to speed the work but spare the worker." During the last war very little was done in this important field -- private industrial medicine was just making a beginning, the Division of Industrial Hygiene of the D.S. Public Health Service had only been established a few years and there were only one or two very young state industrial hygiene units. One hope of the author is for integrated cooperation between the various organizations in this field during tho present emergency -- especially for tho inauguration of a national plan for the standard ized recording and roporting of industrial morbidity and mortality. Studies to determine unfavorable or hazardous working conditions must be broadened; in fact, a strengthening of the entire industrial health program will be required from every branch, both public and private. The health of the industrial worker, one of our precious resources, must be conserved. 700 Noise and Efficiency. Anonymous. Safety Eng., 80, 41 (August, 1940). Numerous studios and investigations have indicated that industrial noise impairs efficiency of worker output. In one investigation it was found that the perform ance of weavers who were given ear protectors, apparently increased efficiency about 7.5$. In another study, it was found that cutting off a noisy ventilating fan, despite resultant decreased ventilation, increased efficiency about 12$. Other investigations bear out these results. Noise is a direct cause of fatigue. Loud noise will bring on fatigue very quickly. The influonoe on worker health and rate of productivity are readily apparent. HUBS-0010125 i Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 5* 7C1 Sight Saving in Industry* C. Huh. Health. New Haven Dept, of Health. J37, 5-6, (September, 1940), Today there are 3,000 individuals in America blinded from industrial causes and in ordinary times about 75 case3 per year are added to the total. The average cost of an eye injury is usually tvn.ee that of any other injury, a single case of blindness frequently costing employer or insurance underwriter $30,000. The total cost for blindness, partial sight loss and all other ocular injuries in this country reaches the staggering total of $100,000,000. While flying parti cles from grinding and chipping processes are responsible for 80% of accidents, various other factors such as tools or parts of machinery, splashing liquids (especially acids and alkalies), explosions, falls and infections constitute most cf the remaining causes. Poisonous dusts, gases and vapors maydLrectly injure the eye or indirectly impair it through systemic disease, for example lead fumes may give rise to general intoxication of which optic neuritis is one manifesta tion. 'Welding arcs and radiant energy in the form of x-ray or radium may also produce damage. Poor illumination may cuase eyestrain.and fatigue. Poor vision, undetected and uncorrectod, may be the cause of injury. 702 Report Upon the Work of the Miners* Phthisis Medical Bureau for the Three Years Ended July 31, 1938. Union of S, Africa Government Printor, Pretoria, 1939. This report presents the results of the Bureau's examinations and reconsiders the problems of the etiology, pathology and clinical course of silicosis and silicotuberculosis on the Rand. There were 15,219 physical examinations for employment with rejections from 28 to 40% yearly and another equal group deferred for reex amination. Periodic examinations were made every six months on a group which in 1937-38 numbered 28,414 miners* The prevalence rate of silicosis is falling: from 28.99 per 1000 in 1927-28 tc 18.12 in 1935-36 and 15.31 in 1937-38. The average exposure for the whole group i3 now 18-1/2 years; in 1922-23 it was only 9-5/12 years. It is believed that with an exposure of 18 years about 20% of the underground miners will have developed silicosis under present conditions. Por now Rand miners '.with primary silicosis after oxposure of 18 years, the expecta tion of life is 15 to 16 years. Supervened tuborculosis shortens this consider ably. Half the primary cases progress to a secondary stage in 8 years and 66% had similarly advanced in 18 years. During the period 1935-38 only 9 new cases of tuberculosis were found and last year there were only 5 among 24,414 working miners. Of the 9 cases, 6 were in men with previously diagnosed silicosis. In the "new" miners (for whom special precautions aro taken) no new case of tuber culosis was discovered between 1935 and 1938. Postmortem examination of 2,031 pairs of lungs revealed 510 with silicosi3 with 25% tubercular in 1123 Europeans and vdth 50 to 60% tubercular with or without silicosis among the natives. It is further concluded that "silicosis docs not appear to aggravate the risk of the occurrence of lung cancer." 703 Health and Industry. Anonymous. Nature 146, 375-376 (September 21, 1940). (Great Britain). ' This is a discussion of a report issued by the British Association for Labour Legislation on the subject of Welfare and Health in Relation to Hours of Work and Output in Wartime. The matter of overwork and fatigue, the employment of children and young persons, the promotion of health and welfare, ventilation and lighting during the black-out are all considered in the new aspect wartime brings. The Minister of Labour and National Service has issued an order requiring factory owners to retain part-time or whole time medical men, nurses and officers to supervise the welfare cf employees. The necessity will bo determined by the num ber of employees or by the presence of dangerous processes in the plant. It is emphasized that industrial hygiene must be extended and coordinated with health services outside the working place. 'OC 0, Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 6. 704 International Congress on Labor Pathology and Labor Organization. French Scheduffi Of Invalidity, G. Girino, Med. dei~~lavoro~~31, 33-39 >59-66 (1940) (Italian), " Among the subjects considered were: soldering, skin diseases, special steels, ana methods of compensation of industrial diseases. The French schedule is un usual in that it gives an arbitrary percentage invalidity for each disease. For instance, load paralysis 10-75ft lead anemia 5-20ft, etc. These arc problems which should be evaluated by medical and legal exports in each case rather than determined flatly by lav/. 705 Problems Vfhich Arise in the Handling of Illness Among Wage Earners. a.R. Riddcii, Cunad. ?ub.^'Health Jour. 31, 223-227 (May, 1940). Since 30?. of Ontario wage earners are employed in plants having 50 workers or loss and since fcv.T of those plants have any medical service, tho private practi tioner, on whom the workers must depend, should at lc-ast familiarize himself with the occupational hazards in his region. Only then can he advise a man when to continue his work; when he should shift to another job; or when he must tempor arily discontinue work. These three problems are discussed. 706 The Cc-mponsctjon of Occupational Pisceses. L. Telcky. Gcsundheit u. Wchlfnhrt (Zurich) pp. 349-357 (1940). (German). This is a short history cf the development and organization of compensation for occupational diseases in Switzerland, England, France and Germany, and a brief survey of tho laws of tho United States, quoting the definition of "occupational disease" according tc tho Illinois law. Based upon Europoan experience, it is shown that in order to make compensation lav/s effective there must be: compul sory notification by the physician in every case of occupational disease, exam ination of every notified case by an orpert physician authorized by the State, and final diagnosis made by an expert and impartial physician. The institution of preventive measures is the chief value cf compensation laws. 707 Disabling Morbidity among Mai.:- and Female Employees in Mail Order Stores. H.P. Brirvfcon end E.C* Frasier. Pub. Health Ropt. 55, 1165-1178 (June 28, 1940). Four mail order stores are the source of sick benefit organization records of 8,006 members. Rates for mules were markedly lower than for females, especially in diseases of the nervous system, diseases of tho pharynx and tonsils, genitourinary diseases, appendicitis, and influenza and grippe. The data show incidence according to occupational group, age, sex end marital status. For females, tho average number of cases for 1000 was 90.0; for males, 63.4. 708 Mortality ana Morbidity in the First Two Years of Life as Related to the Parents* Occupation. A. Capellini. Med. del lavcro 30 , 313-329,347-354 (1939^.(Italian)-. This investigation covers 10,598 couples with 37,710 pregnancies. There are 14 occupational groups (usually that cf the father) and 10 groups of death causes. All circumstances in the parents' lives (including social conditions) which may influence the child's life and health are described. The general mortality of children in the first two years is 22,27% of tho pregnancies. Pregnancies range from 263 in percentage of couples in the electrical industry to 538.46 in the food industry. Abortions range from 9.61ft of pregnancies in transportation to 20.03 in the clothing industry. Of the children of parents in the food industry, 7.2ft die in tho first two years, and 27.21ft in textile workers, among whom there ere four times as many women as men. 709 Electrocardiogram in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. S. Caccuri. Arch. mal. prof. 2, 540-564"Tl939-40). (French). A study was made of the electrocardiograms of rabbits acutely or subacutely poi soned with carbon monoxide. It was shown that adrenalin and methylene blue had no effect but that bilateral vagotomy diminished the effect of carbon monoxide on the heart. It was established that this gas can injure the myocardium. HW BB-00101 2 Kyo U----- j Ul digest of Industrial Hygiene - 7. 710 Sick Absenteeism in the Non-Ferrous Mining Industry. A.5*. Fletcher. American Mining Congress, September IS, 1940. The author recommends a definite program of recording sickness absenteeism so that companies may have facts upon which to base conclusions as to why so much more time is lost because of sickness than due to accidents, in fact 12 times as many 3hifts. He points out that in health conservation programs savings may be much more than actual figures indicate since the hidden indirect costs are also saved. (NOTE: Attention of member companies is called to the Sickness Absenteeism program now being carried on by the Foundation.) 711 Poisoning by Oxygen under High Pressure. C. Hedorer and L. Andre. Bull. Acad, de - Mod., 123, 294-306 (1940). (French). This is the report of an investigation into the effect of inhalation of oxygen under high pressure, especially in divers who have accessory oxygen supply. The condition is characterized by injuries and changes in the lung tissue (emphysema, atelectasis) which develops under additional pressures of 0.7 to 0.8 atmospheres. Under 4-5 atmospheres, epileptiform attacks may be seen; there is also pulmonary injury present. Old animals are more sensitive than young ones. Both the amount of pressure and the duration of exposure are important, and all symptoms are in tensified by the presence of carbon dioxide. 712 Respiratory Adjustments ot Oxygen-Lack in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide. D.B. Dill and N. Zamcheck. Am.J. Physiol., 129,~47-52~(Aprilt 1940). ~ The regulation of respiration .and the properties of the blood have been studied in two healthy young men exposed to atmospheres deficient in 02 and containing various concentrations of COg. There wore significant differences between the two subjects, shewn by the graphical description of thoir respiratory responses. The addition to inspired air of COg renders a given low pOg (partial pressure of Og) mere tolcrablo, not only on account of an increased arterial saturation but because the disturbance of acid-base balance is reduced. However, the gain in oxygen saturation is loss than results from an equal increase in pOg, the pCOg remaining constant. The bearing of these and related investigations on current theories of respiratory regulation is discussed. -- Authors' summary. 713 On the Chronic Action of Sulfur Dioxide Gases, tbrnmination of Workers in an Electron Foundry^ Humperdinck. Arch.f.Gowerbopath., 10, 4-18^1940).(German) This is a report on examinations and investigations of workers in an electron foundry who were exposed to the inhalation cf sulfur dioxide (28* to 1502* p.p.m.) Chronic catarrh of the upper respiratory tract and bronchi was the most common finding and emphysema was soon often. No special effect of the gas on the blood forming organs could be detemined, but there was a high count of leucocytes in the blood of workers on the night shift. The author recondends good ventilation. 714 Studies on the Intrapulmonary Mixture of Oases. I. Nitrogen Elimination free Blood and Body Tissues During High Oxygon Breathing. R.C. Darling and others. J. Clin. Invest. 19, 591-597 (July, 1940). This is a careful analysis of the many factors involved in the excretion of nitrogen during the breathing of pure oxygen. It was discovered that nitrogen is excreted more rapidly under non-bnaal than under basal conditions, and that emphysematous subjects apparently excrete more nitrogen than noimal subjects when examined by thi3 method. The apparatus and technic are described. . HWBB-0010127 ,,-----u S?TfZ\ Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 3. 715 Electrocardiogram in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. G. Bastelli. Gior. di clin. med. 21, 533-5C6 (May 20, 1940). (Italian). The electrocardiograms of two groups of rabbits were studied before and in the course of acute and chronic experimental carbon monoxide poisoning, together with thoaaof 42 victims. Typical transient modifications of tho ventricular com plex 'were present in the 'grams of rabbits with acute poisoning. The alterations of the electrocardiogram of acutely poisoned man, shortly after the occurrence of poisoning, consisted in a low potential action of tho myocardium, auricular fibrillation, premature ventricular contraction and predominance of the left ventricle. The 'grams of the victims of acute poisoning became normal in about two months, although in some cases there were permanent alterations. They were present in 5 out of 20 victims with chronic carbon monoxide poisoning. The alterations wore of the type which indicate damage to the coronary arterios. Transient lesions of the heart are caused by anoxemia due to poisoning; permanent lesions are the result of damage to the endothelial lining of the coronary arter ies, as carbon monoxide has a specific injurious effect on the epithelium of the arteries. 716 Testing Respiratory Protective Equipment for Approval. H.K. Schrenk. U.S. Bur. of Mines, I.C. No. 7130. (August," 1940T! " This is a review of the types cf respiratory protective equipment made for pro tection against various kinds and combinations of atmospheric contaminants. The author states tho general requirements, basic consideration, essentials cf test methods and past approval rules. 717 Lupoid-Sarcoid P.oacticn Induced hy Foreign Body (Silica). W.M. German. Am. J. Clin. Path., 10, 245-250 (March, 1940). A v;ound incurred while mountain climbing 15 years before had cuased no trouble 'until a year age 'when swelling developed at the scar site. Examination of the tissue showed a tuberculous reaction although tuberculosis was almost certainly not present. There were crystals in the giant cell cytoplasm, presumably silica. 718 Effects of Precipitated Silica and of Iron Oxide on the Incidence of Primary Lung Tumors in Mice. J.A. Campbell. Brit. Med. Jour. 2^, 275-280 (August 31, 1940). (Groat Britain). Dusting with precipitated silica or with brown oxide of iron trebles the incidence of primary lung tumors in mice living 10 months or longer. There is a definite increase in malignancy with the iron oxide. The amount of silica used did not cause formation of fibrotic nodules in tho lung tissue of the mice, and it is suggested that the fully formed fibrotic nodule of silicosis inhibits malignancy. The tracheo-brcnchial lymph nodes of the mice exhibited some degree of fibrotic nodule formation due to silica. The dusting also caused an increase in the num ber of mice showing hypertrophy of the lymph tissue in the lungs and in the tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes. The connective tissue surrounding these nodes was also increased, as was the incidence of bronchopneumonia. The above results with silica and iron give experimental support to the statistical evidence that there i3 a relatively high incidence of carcinoma of the lung in metal-grinders, engineers, and foundry-workers. Preliminary experiments with a "nickel" dust have also been concluded. It is pointed out that previous negative results in animal experiments with 3ilica and other dusts are probably due to the fact that tho animals were net permitted to live to the ago for production of lung tumors or tho animals employed were not sensitive to the development of lung tunora. Animal experiments have not yet established the cause of lung cancer in the Sohneeberg and Joachimsthal miners. -- Author's summary. HWBB-0010128 HffBB-0010129 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 9. 719 A Peculiar Disease of the Lymph .Nodes (Eggshells) in 3ilicosis. E. Schairer. Aren. f. Gewerbepath., 10^ 37-42 (1940). (German). Other workers have described the formation of "eggshells" in the hilar lymph nodes. Those arc described in detail by the author. He shows roentgenograms of old; slate workers showing distinct formation of calcification around a large par of ons or more lyr.ph nodes. 720 Respiratory Insufficiency in Silicosis. G. Castrovilli and U. Ibcrti. Med. del lavoro. 30, 267-280, 209-306(1939). (Italian). This is a report on the character of respiration in different stages of silicosis. There is a decrease in vital capacity (the amount of air which can be forcibly expired eftcr a full inspiration) only in the more advanced stage (2nd). Oxygen content of arterial blood is lowered in the 3rd stage, especially in cases with emphysema. With advancing silicosis, the venous pressure is increased. Dyspnea ic-.used principally by fibrotic processes. 721 Action of Tele Dust on the Lungs. A. Policard. Arch. mai. prof. _2, 530-539 (1939-40). (French). V.'hite rats inhaled extremely high concentrations of talc dust (over 5 microns) for 12 days, 3 hour3 daily. Seme of' the animals died of congestion of the lungs. Pathological and histological findings of the animal3 dying or killed during the period of exposure or after 12 to 2C days are given. The dust, which reached the alveoli, i3 caught by the monocytes. Twelve days after the exposure ceased there was no lung irritation, and twenty days later there was no dust presont in the lungs. ` 722 Anatomy, Pathology and Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Asbostosis. G. Mottura and E. Fagicnc. Rass. med. indust. 11, 233-284 (1940). (Italian). These arc the histopathological findings in two cases of asbestosis, both in women. There is also a discussion of the subject of asbestosis bodies. 723 Degeneration of the Cervical Spinal Cord with Secondary Spinal Muscle Atrophy . Caused by Work with Compressed Air Tools. R. Masson and H.E. 3uttner. .Arch. f. Gewerbepath. 10, 19-23 (1940)7 (German)"? The authors believe that there is a possibility of a "vibration-traumatic injury" in a 64 year old coppersmith after 36 years hard work with a jackhammer. He had paralysis of both aims and legs, analgesia and loss of sense of temperature. Autopsy showed a small focus of dislocation in the marginal portion of the lateral column. There were "degenerative processes in the cervical and upper dorsal por tion of the 3pinal cord." 724 Caisson Disease v/ith Special Reference to the Bones and Joints. B.L. Coley and M. Mccre, Jr., Ann. Surg. ill, 1065-1075 (February, 1940l. Bono lesions are described in two pationts, one of wheat had had 8 definite attacks of the "bends" during 16 years as a caisson worker; the other had had one attack during a period of 4 months as a worker under pressure. The bone lesions consist, roentgenographicolly, of medullary areas of increased density surrounded by a thin band of calcification, interpreted as areas of infarction. There is no involvement of the bono cortex and the lesions usually present in the diaphysis of the femur, tibia and humeries may or may not involve the epiphysis and second arily the joint. The rccntgenographic findings of joint injury resemble those characteristic of -arthritis defozmans. Pain and deformity may be associated with the joint lesions, while the medullary areas of involvement appear to be "silent". HWBB-0010130 Digest of Industricl Hygiene - 1C. 725 Treatment of Jupuytren*s Contracture* li.W. Meyerdiug. m.J.Surg. 49^, 94-103 (July, 1940). 1 Conservative treatment has little effect in the prevention or cure of Dupuytren' contracturo (contraction of fingers and palms due to inflammation). The author advises surgical excision of the involved palmar fascia. Subcutaneous section of the constricting bands of palmar fascia is satisfactory in some cases. A combination of excision, splinting and physical therapy results in a useful func tioning extremity. 726 Comments on Manual Artificial Respiration and a Proposed New Method. P. Prr.est. Acta men. ocana. 103, 539-546 (1940). (Scandinavian]. The patient is placed upon his right side and expiration is effected by pressure of both of the operator's hands on the lateral surfa.ee of the left thorax. In spiration is obtained by seizing the left upper aim of the patient as near the head of the humerus and the acromion as possible and drawing the aim upwards and back;\rards, with the operator's knee ussd as a kind of.lever. 727 Freon Refrigerants (Safe Properties and Characteristics), R.J. Thompson. Safe Practice Bull. No. 48. Penna. Dept, of Labor & Ind. 11 pp. (September 30, 1939). This is a discussion of this newer type gas which is less toxic than substances formerly used as refrigerants. Its characteristics and safe properties such as lack of toxic cr irritant nature, non-inflammability and non-explosiveness, in ertness, insolubility in water, ~nd non-corrosiveness are discussed at some length. 728 Protection in Radium Teletherapy at Westminster Hospital. C.W. Wilson* Brit. J. Radiol., 13T105-107 (March, 1040T7TGreat Britain). Over o period of 3-1/2 years, operators working continuously with radium have worn condenser ionization chambers. Two gram units were first employed, later 4 grnm, then 4 grem plus 2 grem units. The average daily dose under the first exposure was from 0.205 to 0.253 roentgens {the recommended maximum is 0.25 for continuous exposure). In the later exposures, the average doses received were much lower, presumably because the staff took greater care. During the period of observation, no staff member had an illness traceable to this exposure. 729 A Glimpse of the Unknown. Anonymous. Safety Eng. 80^, 65-68 (October, 1940). Thu x-ray is an important part of the physical examination which has proven its economic value to employer and employee alike. One obstacle to more widespread use of the x-ray in the past has been the relative high cost. With the advent and perfecting of the rapid paper film method, much of the trouble end expense of examining large groups has boen eliminated. Tho real need and demand for such a development is attested by the rapid increase in its use. (NOTE: Sec Foundation's Medical Series, Bulletins II and III.) 730 Microtitration of Selenium. G.. Wcmiaont and F.J. Hopkinson. Ind. & I&g. Chem. Anal. Ed., 12, 309-310 (May 15, 1940). A new method for titrating very small amounts of selenium has been shown to give good results when applied to solutions containing known amounts of selenium, and when used to determine small amounts of selenium in urine. 731 A Polarizing Comparison Microscope fer Use in Petrographic Measurements. G-.J. Faust. U.S. Bureau of Mines, R.I. No. 3503 (April, 1940). This is a description of a polarizing comparison microscope consisting of a single stand with two tubes. There is a brief discussion of its application to mineral dressing, ceramics, phamaceuticals, chemicals, dusts, engineering, min ing, and petrography in general. A technic for using the instrument in photo micrography is given. --n S*' Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 11. 732 Practical Application of Stoke* s Law to Various Dust Equipment. K. Landsborg. Penna. Dept, of Labor & Ind. Safe Practice Bull. Mo.41 pp.5 (September 20, 1939). Four practical methods of the sedimentation separation of particles are described in tho order of increasing complication. Three of these methods use liquids, one uses air. These methods make use of Stoke*s law of sedimentation of particles under tho influence of gravity. This law was developed originally for particles of spherical shap3, viz. water droplets, but has since been proven to hold also for irregular shaped particles equal in weight to spherical particles. A range of particles 3izes from 0.5 microns to 30 microns may be determined conveniently, by using a water medium for settling of dust particles. 733 A Method of Producing Air-Vapor Mixtures in Gas or iume Chambers. L. Silverman. Rev. Sci. Instruments. 11, 546 (October, 1940). A method for producing known concentrations of air-vapor mixtures is described. A brass tube fitted with a stopper is arranged to contain syringes of varying capacity in such a '.my that the plunger may be depressed by a screw from outside the gas chamber. The syringes are calibrated with mercury, weighing bottle and balance, so that they give a certain volume of solvent por turn. The device is also fitted with n heater unit to insure volatilization. Good results have been obtained with benzol, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl alcohol. 734 Quantitative Analysis by X-Ray Diffraotion. I. Determination of O.uartz. J.W. Ballard, K.I. Oshry, .and H.E. Schrcnk, U.S. Bur. of Mines, R.I. 3520 (June,1940). A brief description is given of the x-ray diffraction method of mineral analysis using internal standards and microphotometer measurements for quantitative deter minations. Rcs\dts of several analyses for quartz mixed with various other min erals are given. Tho method, according to this preliminary report, should be particularly applicable to industrial hygiene studies. Future reports are planned on cost of equipment, training and skill necessary, time required to sake analyses, effects of cor.plox samples containing several 3ilicate minerals in addition to quartz, and the applicability of this method to other forms of free silica such as tripcli, tridymite, diatcmaceous earth, opal, etc. 735 Rapid Methods for the Determination of Gases in Air. F.A. Patty. Am. J. Pub. Heath. 30, 1191-1190 (October, 1940). A description of various mothods for the determination of gases in air. Tho most important qualifications are convenience, speed, accuracy and portability. All mothods should be tried in synthetic atmospheres before use in the field. An ability to recognize odors and their intensity is useful. Many of the rapid methods do not possess a high degree of accuracy but nay bo used in routine in dustrial hygiene surveys where concentrations may change as much as 100# in very short intervals. 736 Rapid Methods for the Estimation of Air Dustiness. H.H. Schrenk. Am.J.Pub. Health. 30, 1183-1190 (October, 1940V. This i3 a description of various methods for tho estimation of dustiness in air. There is a brief discussion of principles, technic of collection and quantitative determination. The interpretation of dust estimates should be based upon an understanding of atmospheric conditions, work schedule, plant operation, physiolog ical effects of dusts, and the limitations of the method used. 737 Cyanide Shop Revamped. Anonymous. Iron Age, 146, 4 (October 17, 1940). Complete- modernization of tho cyanide department of a steel treating plant pro vides efficient and more heathful working conditions. The cyanide pots are con cealed by a front panel eight feet in height with openings of sufficient size to permit loading ana unloading. The ventilating system consists of fitted hoods over each pot furnace oil feeding into one main exhaust which connects to the main balding stack. The hoods arc individuaiy controlled as to volume of air and position. HHBB-0010131 oo Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 12. Papers on Industrial Poisons, Cancer. Denaatitis, etc. 738 Porphyria and lead Poisoning. 0. Spuhler. Scnweiz. med. Wchnschr. 70, 369-372 (1940). (German). An account of lead poisoning in a locksmith who had had colic repeatedly and once had encephalopathy. The author discusses at some length the origin of lea porphyrin and connects it with the injury to the bone marrow. 739 Vitamin C in Chronic Lead Poisoning. L. Pillcmer and others. Am. Jour. Med, Sciences 2QG, 522-327 (September, 1940). In two series of 44 guinea pigs on a subclinical scurvy intake of vitamin C, the degree of lead poisoning developed in one month by oral ingestion of basic lead carbonate was more severe when compared to the plumbism in two groups of 24 pigs on a saturation level of the vitamin. The vitamin was not significantly protec tive against weight loss, anemia and stippling but did prevent the onsot of ' nauro-plumbism. No evidence has been found to show that lead has any effect on vitamin C utilization or its metabolism. Therapeutically, vitamin C is ineffi cient compared to removal of the iead exposure. The complementary activity of the serum of lead-poisoned animals v/as parallel to the concentration of ascorbic acid of the scrum, and was not influenced by the lead intake. 740 Experimental Investigation of tho Rate of Intestinal Absorption of Lead. C, Pozzato and E. Antionicli. Med. del lavoro, pp. 14-18 (1940). (Italian). One-half gram of lead acetate per kilogram of body weight was injected into a blood vessel of a dog's small intestine. Blood samples were withdrawn from the portal vein at intervals and finally from the heart. Normal blood from the por tal vein contained 8-26 gamma per 100 cc.; 20 minutes after the injection of lead, 100-148 gemma; the highest load content was found after 1-1/2-2 hours when the concentration was between 188-260 gamma. Then the concentration declined. 741 Lead in the Blood, Urine and Feces of Nomal and Lead Poisoned Persons. R. Massicne and G. Boltrsmi" Mod, del lavoro 31, 1-18 (1940). (Italian). One hundred normal persons, 23 workers in lead foundries, and 17 lead poisoned patient3 in the clinic were examined by the authors. The highest amount of lead found in noiraal blood was 80-90 gamma per 100 cc. (average 30-50 ganaaa); the highest amount in 100 cc. of urine was 30-40 gamma (average 20-30); in 24 hour urine samples the highest and average amounts were 220-230 and 70-90 gamma. In the feces the amounts were 60-90 gamma per/gm. and 0-40 gamma average. In persons vath load poisoning the corresponding figures for blood lead were 220-230 and 90-100 gamma per 100 cc., for 24 hour urine samples, 410-420 and 110-220 gamma, and for 100 {jn. feces, 340-350 and 0-70 gamma. Tho highest value for lead in the blood was among the foundry workers: 130-140 gamma, the average being 70-10C gamma. 742 Influence of Acidosis and Alkalinity in Experimental Lead Poisoning. S. Maugeri and A. Capellini. Med. del lavoro 30, 257-266 (1939). (Italian)"". Two groups of rabbits were used: one was given an acid diet and a solution of ammonium chloride and magnesium chloride; the other received an alkaline diet with soda bicarbonate and trisodlc citrate. Later both groups were given small doses of load acetate. Excretion of lead in the urine took place more quickly in the first group. 743 The Porphyrins in Health and Disease. K. Do'orlner and C.P, Rhoads. Physiol Rev. 20, 416-468 (July, 1940). 7!us is a long article on the chemistry of porphyrins and their existence in healthy and diseased persons. There is a short section on load poisoning and men tion of other industrial poisonings such as mercury. There is an extensive bibli ography. lfi)B6-0010132 HWBB-0m33 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 13. 744 Influence of Histamine Shock upon Basophilia of Erythrocytes in Experimental Lead Poisoning. M. Zck and others. Arch. nal. prof. , 574-577 (1939-40),(Frenc Large differences in the number of stippled cells wore found immediately before and after tho death of lead-poisoned guinea pigs. Stippled cells decreased re markably -- almost entirely, after the injection of 5-10 mg. of histamine into the heart. In non-fixed blood smears, granular forms were fewer but reticulo cytes were more frequent. 745 Mote on Accidental Lead Poisoning. G. 3atta and others. Chimie and lad. 45, Vi. 637-3 (April 20, 1940). (French)! Load poisoning resulted from inhalation of fumes due to oxyacotylene cutting of a mex.rl bridge following its destruction from explosion. Although the work 'as carried out in the open air, the load fume content from paint coating on the metal structure was us high as 1 grain per cu. meter. The use of respirators is recommended for such v.Trk. 746 Metabolism of Hemoglobin in Lead Anemia. 3. Maugeri. Med. del lavoro. 31^ 97-105 7(1940") (Italian) Mine cases of lead colic and 14 cases of chronic lead poisoning were examined. The blood of the two groups shewed 3.23-4.7 million and 2.85-4.33 million erythrocytes. The hemoglobin was from 60-80# and 48-98# respectively. Lead in the urine was 21-134 gamma # and 14-51 gamma #; the bilirubin content of the serum was 1.33-2.9 mg. # and 0.49-1.47 mg. % with urobilinogen contents of urine of 2.<--2i.73 mg. and'0.56-2.86 mg. (one case 26.26); in the stools, the figures were 156-756 mg. and 54-187 mg. From these figures, the conclusion is made that hemoglobin metabolism is greatly increased in cases of lead colic and frequently in chronic lead poisoning. Lead anemia seems to be of the hemolytic type. 747 Detection of Stippled Erythrocytes in Sternal Puncture in Lead Poisoning. Henning and Keilhack. Ptsch. med. V/chnschr. 66, 325-324 (1940). (Ger.aan). In ten men with lead poisoning, tho number of stippled cells was larger in the bone marrow (sternal puncture) of 8 than in the blood. In two cases the stippled cells wore fewer in the marrow and in two, there were no such cells in the blood and but a very few in the marrow. 748 Lead in Blood, Urine and Foces After Injections of Calcium and Magnesium Sulfate. R. Massif ne> and F. Zanotti. Med. del lavoro. 31, 25-32 (1940). (Italian). Injections of calcium chloride and later of magnesium sulfate wore made in 16 men with loud poisoning. There was a marked fall in blood lead after the calcium in jections in all cases except a man with chronic nephritis and in one with "chronic saturnism." After injections of magnesium sulfate, the amount of lead increased in all but these two cases, but not equal to the original concentrations. The results were the same for urine and feces in .all but the some two cases. 749 Colorimetric Determination of Lead Chromate by Diphonylcarbazide. T.V. Letonoff and J.G. Reinhold, Ind. Sc Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed.. 12, 280-284 (May 15, 1940). After ashing biological material, lead is precipitated as lead potassium chromate bjr addition of potassium chromate to a solution of the ash containing chloride, citrate, acetate, and ammonium ions at pH 6.6 to 7.4. The precipitation is accom plished in a centrifuge tube and the double chromate is separated and washed by centrifuging. Lead is determined colorimetrically by moans of the red color formed by diphonylcarbazide with chromate. Preliminary separation of lead is emitted. Absence of interference by other metals has been demonstrated. s3 <z< digest of Industrial Hygiene - 14. 750 Weighing and Mixing of Lead Oxides in Lead Battery Manufacture. J.T. Moore. Safe Practice Bull. No. 18. Penna. Do./t. of Labor Sr. Ind. 7 pp. (June 21, 1940), This is a description of a complete change in the method of handling load oxides in weighing end nixing processes in lead buttery manufacture with resultant elim ination of a lather dusty routine. Specially constructed delivery funnels are clamped over the top of lead oxide drums. The drum is then hoisted into place over the mixer tub into which a weighed amount of oxide is permitted to flow, Th weighing tub is exhausted during the weighing process and then the surface of the oxide is wetted tc settle the du3t. Mixing tubs arc also exhausted end the dust recovered, Plate pasting is done by machine eliminating personal handling. 751 On the Special Forms of Disease In Workers with Duraluminum and Other Alloys Containing High Percentages of Magnesium end Aluminum. 11. Zangger. Arch. f. Gawerboputh., 10, 1-5 fi940l~ (Gorman) It i~. wrong, the author emphasizes, to center one's interest only on the chemical composition of these alloys, especially the high magnesium content, when study ing cheir effect on the health of workers. One must .also consider other factors: welding, cleaning, lubricating and greasing. He believes that the tendency of wounds from dural to he-'! slowly may bo caused by residues of the welding salts still presmt v.t -the site. t 752 A Case of Occupational Acetone Poisoning, G. Sack. Arch, f. Geworbepath., 10, 30-86 (1940). |Gorman)'. After inhaling snu.ll amounts of acetone, the patient complained of fatigue, nausea and hcacache. After using it for cle" ng, he became very ill and was t-ken to the hospital unconscious. His face .s rod, there was severe nausea and salivation, the bio. d sugar increased (138 mg.), and traces of albunen, red and white blood colls were present in the urine. He recovered in a week. 753 Toxicity of Stoddard Solvent. J.A.K.A. (Queries and Minor Notes). 115, 403 (August 5, 1940). This solvent is a petroleum distillate with a flash point not below 1009F. It is supposed to be less toxic than petrel naphtha, volatile mineral spirits, etc., and loss of a skin irritant and fat solvent. This railway worker complained of neuritic pains in hands and arms, and of oye irritation. The latter might bo due bo the solvent but not the pain in hands ana arms. 754 Occupational Benzene Poisoning. E. Martin. Med. du travail. 12, 48-76 (1940). (French). This report discusses bonzono poisoning with special reference tc the French literature and regulations. There is mention of the hazards of spray painting and straw hat manufacture. The connection between benzene poisoning and vitamin C is considered, especially testing for hypovitaminosis by intrudermal reaction with dichlorophenol-indophenol or by measuring ascorbic acid. 753 3enzonc Poisoning in Artificial Silk Mills. Z. Martin. Mod. du travail, 12, 77-81 (1940). (French). . A description of three cases of benzone poisoning and the operation at which it was acquired; mixture of equal parts of linseed oil and benzene is used to finish the artificial silk. 756 Strong Mycloblastic 'Reaction of the Blood and Bone Marrow in a Case of Benzene Aplastic Myolugis. P.E. V/eil and S. Perles. Sung 14, 54-58 (1940); Soc. franc, d'hanatcl. , No. 12 (1039). (French). Benzene poisoning was fatal in this man whe had worked with it for twelve years. The disease became seri.us after ha ha I a boil on liis nock. Sternal puncture shewed total aplastic myelocytesis (presence of marrow cells in bicod) with a strong blastic reaction of the reticulo-endothelial system. HWBB-fe01013(> G-n 'Lib Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 15. 75? Toxic Jaundice from T.N.T. J.C. Bridge. Brit. Med. Jour. 2_ 297, (August 31, 1940). (Great Britain)' It is pointed out that between 1916 and 1918, there were 40C cases of toxic jaundice (acute yellow atrojrhy of the liver) caused by poisoning with T.N.T. (trinitrotoluene). As the manufacture and use of thi3 substance has been greatl extended, the author warns that cases of poisoning will probably again occur. He asks the medical profession to ice op in mind possible contact with T.N.T. when called upon to attend a case of jaundice the cause of which ic obscure. The degenerative changes in the liver nay not manifest themselves in the form of jaundice immediately, anc it may be that the patient has been out of contact with T.N.T. for c. considerable time before the symptcaa of jaundice manifests itself. 758- Experimental Contribution to the Pathology end Therapy of Sequelae of Pulmonary Edema Caused by Phosgene. E. Kothlin. Schweiz, mod. Wchnschr. 70, 641-647 7l940)". (German). Experiments on rats showed by physical, hematological, and pathological examina tion that lung edema caused by inhalation of phosgene produced secondary local and general effects -- compensatory emphysema with the blood picture of chronic infection. The local lung changes .and general symptoms may be cured in a short time by treatment with calcium. This treatment must be begun early to be effec tive. The lung volume was 130 higher in animals not treated from the first day of poisoning. 759 Mercury Content of the Human Body. Effect and Distribution of Mercury. A. Stock. 3i'jchom. 2tschr. 504, 73-80 (1S40), (German). The mercury content of different organs was determined in 6 men who had been killed, in others with no known exposure, and in persons with teeth filled with amalgam. In those with no exposure, the content of most organs ?/as 0.1-1.0 gamma per 100 gm. of fresh organ. Storage occurs in the kidney (4.0-10.2 gamma), in the liver (1.2-11.8 gemma), but especially in the hypophysis (4.0-13.3 gamma). The content of the cerebellum was also very high. The symptoms of mercury poison ing that have heretofore been difficult to explain may now become clear because cf the storage in the hypophysis. All the figures for mercury content were much higher in men with amslgem fillings, being as high as 158 gamma in the hypophysis. The high "normal" findings arc explained not only by absorption of mercury in food but also by intake with dust. The author found 350 gamma in the soot of a kitchen stove and 230C gamma per gran of dust in a machine factory. 760 Possible Mercury Hazard from Mercury Clutch. J.A.M.A. (Queries and Minor Notes). 115, 477 (August 10, 1940). The mercury in the clutch rotates at very high speed and generates a temperature cf 270F. Such a temperature is not sufficient to build up a pressure that would force out mercury vapor as long as the housing remains tight. Tests should be made frequently to make sure conditions are safe. 7Cl A Method for Acetone Bodies in Blocd, Applicable to the Determination of Small Amounts of Mercury. L.A. Crandall, Jr., J. Biochea. 133, 539-550 (April, 1940). This is essentially a description of a method for detection of acetone bodies in blood which depends upon determination of the mercury content of a precipitate by means of the specific interference of that metal with the color formed when thiocyanate is added to an excess of ferric nitrate. It is believed that the method may be used in the determination cf mercury in other materials when inter fering ions (especially chloride, sulfate and oxalate) are excluded. HWBB-0010135 0010136 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 16. 762 Animal Tissue Reaction to Particulate Copper Stearate. P.T. Knies. J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 25, 726-734 (April, 194C). Suspected pneumoconiosis from copper stearate dust led to these experiments. There was no tissue response subcutaneously, intraperitcnonlly or by inhalation^ There was an acute reaction with ultimate absorption raid removal without residues* or progressive changes. * 763 Two C tses of Fluorine Osteosclerosis. J, V.'ilkie. Brit. J. Radiol. 1_3, 213-217 (Juno, 1940). Those two puticnt3 worked in the same plant, the first prepared aluminum fluoride S-T. (for 3-1/f. years), the second worked for 16 years in the making of hydrofluoric acid. Several x-rays of each are prusented, showing greatly increased density of the bones, especially in the second case, in which there was a dense sclerosis of th-j spine and pelvis and extensive ossification of the ligaments of tho forecrias and lower legs. There is a discussion of the differential diagnosis. Syphilitic osteitis (Case 1 has an aortic lesion), osteitis deformans, and metastuses from a prostatic neoplasm had to be considered. However, other work ers in the plant showed changes. These two cases showed abnormal amounts of fluorine in the blood and urine (blood: 2.99 and 0.98 mg. per liter; urine: 1.73 end 15.22 mg. per liter; compared -with normal averages of 0.47 end 1.32 respectively.) 764 Dotoction of Hydrogen Sulfide by Lead Acetate Paper. . Johnsen and E. 3. Colegrava. Chen, k Ind. pp. 726-727 (1939). A method described pi-eviously (Chem. Abstr. 31, 7002) for the detection of hydrogen sulfide is not specific in tho presence of moist sulfur fumes. This gives a stain similar to that of hydrogen sulfide. 765 Occupational. Dermatoses. H.R. Fccrster. Reeky Mt. Med. J. 37, 410-419,(June,1940) Tho author points out the importance of skin disorders as an occupational dis ease, discusses the variety of methods of compensating industrial dermatoses in this country, and considers predisposing causes, exciting or precipitating causes, and some of the common types. Ho describes pyogenic and fungus infections and dermatitis venenata. He indicates the provention and treatment of these condi tions. 766 Lubricating Oils and Pulmonary Disease. J.A.M.A. (Queries and Minor Notes). 115, 319 (July 27, 1940). Cutting oil used at grinding machines may bo broken up into a fine mist. Cutting oil is a aulfurized mineral oil with no halogens and thus it is possible that sulfur* dioxide may be formed by the heat of friction. There is widespread use of those oils and no complaints beyond dermatitis have been noted. There is no great evidence of pulmonary cancer. 767 An Outbreak of Dermatitis from Nov; Resin Fabric Finishes. L. Schwartz and others. J.A.M.A. 115, "906^911 (September 14, 1940). A report of an outbreak of dermatitis nmopg -workers handling and among persons wearing fabrics finished with a nev/ substance. It is believed that the irritat ing ingredient is the abietic acid content of an acid ester gum. The substance is used as a finish on cotton cloth and on artificial silk stockings. It causes a severe pruritis and in some cases persisted for seven weeks after the exposure ceased. HHBB-00i0i37 1 Digest of Industrie.) Hygiene - 17. 768 Injuries of Workers Handling Lemons* G. Lacroix. Foli" mod. 2.6, 223-229 {1940) (Italian). The author describes pathological changes in the hands of lemon handlers -- chronic inflammation cf the skin, hyperkeratosis and changes of the nails. The cause is discussed and there arc some good photographs. 769 Treatment of Occupation?! Dermatitis v.lth Vitamins A and D. I. Dainow. Acta, soma sol.-vcnercol. 20., 191 (l959). (Scandinavian). ,, A description of treatment v.lth intramuscular injections of vit"-iains A and D (10,900 U.T.P. units in each cc.). There was a disappearance cf cutaneous mani festations and a. real docensitization was obtained. The author believes that these vitamins exist in the normal 3kin and that their content varies v.lth the state of bodily deficiency. 770 0 nmr.toses Produced by Predominantly External Causes. W. Lutz, Dermatologies 81, 330-343 (194Cj. (German). The reports on the occupational cancer of saltpeter workers (Prunes: Pcv. argent de Dcrmatosifil 23, 313, 1939); end on diseases caused by Pcdiculoides ventricosus (Harvest mitcT" (Uronkoff: Annal. de Parusit. 17, 69, 1930) arc of interest. 771 Method for Testing the Pat Content of Human Skin. K. Penkert. Arch f. Gewerbepath. 10, 33-70 (1940). (Goman). A method has been devised for determining the actual fat content of the skin and for controlling its loss and gain by daily work and by the use of ointments. The author describes ..one examples of testing different lotions, Gintments and bases. The degreasing effect of lotions is in proportion to the cloaning effect and in inverse proportion to the fatty acid content of the lotion. HWBB-0010138 IM)ZX (October, 1940} Acetone 752 Gases, determination 735 Respiration, irtificia 726 Asbestosis 722 Hydrogen sulfide detection 764 Respirators 716 Battery manufacture 750* Industrial health 609,704,705 Selenium, detection 730 Benzene 754,755,756 Caisson disease * 724 Lead determination 749 poisoning 733,739,740,741 742,743,744,745,746, 747,745 Sick absenteeism 710 Silicosis 719,720 Carbon monoxide electrocardiogram 709,715 Compensation 706 Congress, international . 704 Dermatitis general 765,770,771 lemon handlers 768 resin finishes 767 treatment 769 Duraluminum 751 Dupuytren* s contracture 725 Dust estimation 736 experimental 717,718,762 Mercury detection 761 general 759,760 Microscope, petrographic 731 Mixtures, air-vapor 733 Noise 700 Oxygen poisoning 711 Phosgene 753 Pulmonary disease, oil 766 Radium 728 Statistics morbidity and mortality 707,708 Stoddard solvent 753 Stoke's law 732 Sulfur dioxide 713 Talc dust 721 T.N.T. jaundice 757 Ventilation 737 Vibration 723 Copper dust 762 Refrigerants, "Freon" 727 Vision 701 Fluorine osteosclerosis 763 Flour dust 696 Reports Minors' Phthisis Bureau 702 Respiration 712,714 X-ray diffraction 734 physical examination 729