Document QXDybjLk4YmXMZ1GpLx1RKqVE
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rtlMiMIW E. I. du Pont oe Nemours S Company
fit
Wilmington. Delaware 19m
Ttxmt riscft* or atm nt
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cc: C. B. Patterson - Emp. Relations
C. E. Lang
- Louviers
^J.. F. Morgan - Haskell Lab.
March 2, 1971
0. WALDKIRCH
- CAPE FEAR
W. M. READING, JR. - KINSTON
M. E. BUCHANAN
- OLD HICKORY
F. C.MINER
- SEAFORD
W. D. RHODES, JR. - CHATTANOOGA
w. J. KANEY, JR. - MARTINSVILLE
R. L. MYLES J. c. JACKS
- CAMDEN - WAYNESBORO
w. B. JONES
- SPRUANCE
G. R. COULTER
- CHESTNUT RUN
THERMAL INSULATION
Last year, a joint study was conducted between the Materials Engin eering Group of the Engineering Service Division and Haskell Lab. to
determine the comparative dustiness of several Insulating materials and to appraise the relative health risk Incurred while using these materials. Attached is a copy of Haskell's research project MR-1311, covering their responsibility in the program. Attached also, is a letter from G. E. Lang to the wTiter, giving supplemental information that should be of Interest in your program to reduce health haeards from insulating mater ials .
In connection with asbestos dust control, there has long been a
.-arch for an acceptable disposable dust respirator. It has come to our
attention that a new disposable dust-mist respirator has been developed
by the Safety Products Division of the American Optical Corporation.
This respirator has been approved by the U.S. Bureau of Mines unaer Schedule 21-B. A copy of an article appearing In ehe winter, 1970 issue
of the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine Quarterly Journal is attached for
vmir information.
Inquiries by our Purchasing Dept, indicate that the subject mask in question la called "Dust Demon" end cen be ordered es Catalog IR-10&0 from any American Optical distributor or agent. They are packed 24 to a carton and the prices quoted are aa follows:
1-5 cartons 6-11 cartons 12 - or more
$39.60/carton $36.00/carton $32.40/carton
RECEIVED
' a y -i ) ^ 7}
MANUFACTURING DIVISIONS J. A. Slgman Division Engineer
SC-DP-03395
HASKELL LA!
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imnicAL research rr.ojLcr tr<- i:n j
part i
TITLE DVSUV'SS 01` 1 RStTATl LO HVfKSUALS
Authority is requested to undertake the invcr.Cig.'Lio.i identified above and described ns follows:
Haskell Laboratory propose}! to participate witli the Engineering Services Division in a study of the comparative dustiness of 8 or 10 cor: w re ini insulating sinter in Is. The Haskell Laboratory par tic 1 pat Ion wj11 consist of planning a study of the character istics of there materials with respect to the disseninnticn of dust during their processing and handling. The tests will be cr.vr icd-out at the Engineering lest Center using mainly the manpower of the Engineering Department. Haskell Laboratory wilt . arrange for the necessary chemical and physical analyses of the dust obtained from these materials. Haskell Laboratory will participate in the analyses of results and
the preparation cf a final statement of conclusions.
If the results of this investigation indicate that additional studies should be included, a Part II will be submitted.
cM':
report should o addressed to r-. I . L*nr, r.cl).
It is requested that the cover or first pare of the report h.ve w stnterent equestod by the -wterirls Inpinoerinr '"roup of I S.) cs t part, of the tor.pjny 'herxl Insulation Prcr.ru- .
................................. riot tc? exceed.....................* * * * *..............................................
Amount requested
t $ 2< OOP.
Work to be started upon aanrw.il
Previously authorized.
Expended to date
,
Account to be charged 2fcLL2L-l.DC
Request for study made bv J. F. Morgan S a result of discussions with 0. E. Lang,
If thl* request meets with your approval, please enter the account to be charged, have two copies authorised and return them to Employee Relations De partment, Control Division, Accounting Section, Roem N-12S04. The additional
copies eay be retained for your information and distribution.
`.
Approved for Employee Helotions Depart cent:
Proposed bv
--
Assistant Director, Haskell Laboratory
DUP 0901625
, HI
Appr.,
Carnegie-Mellon University
MELLON INSTITUTE RESEARCH SERVICES
X-Ray Diffraction Laboratory (7615-4)
?A1l
Fellow.
Dr. James Morgen
Haskell Lab A.f..urn .No . DuPnt Company
Investigation _____ Ant&Lii-P-LJmi.
InvpMijfftiion No . Dole of Report .
** _?! .1???.
NATlKE t OK
KKI*ORT I
I'n limift.irs I'r-nfrt--* ** KiflM
The four samples have been analyzed by means of the Debye-Scherrcr x-ray diffraction technique. They appear to be 1007 crystalline. , ~
Sample
X
_ Mator Constituents Grunerite
II Grunerite
III Tobermorite
IV Tobermorite
Minor Constituents
Grunerite Grunerite
Grunerite is a type of Agthophylllte asbestos and has the approximate composition (FaO.WgO.DlOHjSigO^. Tobermorite has the composit on Ca5<OH.)2Sf6<>i6-4H2o.
SSP: Jdf R&T: 7/9/70
Jx. UHc.l
Sidney S. -Pollack Frllov X-Jtay Diffraction Laboratory
DUP 0901626
4
HAS!ti'.I.L I.MV!:`,T0 r-rmc'M. reei.* ::at I'KOJrcv
j3 11
Dustiness of Thgrni.nl Ir.sulntino Hater i.ilr.
Introduction
The study which is reported herein is part of a study initi ated by the Therm:: 1 Insulation Group of the Engineering Services Division.
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to attempt to devise a means of measuring the comparative dustiness of several competitive insula ting materials in relation to the risk of injury to health during their installation, use, removal, and disposal.
The health risk in working with thermal insulating materials
consists of the danger of contracting iur.g disease from excessive
inhalation of fine dust, including, in particular, asbestos fibers.
The magnitude of the danger is dependent upon (a) the amount of
dust inhaled, (o) its particle size, and (c) the composition of
the crystalline particles or fibers. Glossy, non-crystalline
particles and fibers have not been implicated in producing lung
disease.
.
In this study wt attempted to compare thr enounts of dust generated from each of the test materials when subjected to
mechanical energy in a repeatable, reproducil'o manner, to examine th-' relative amounts of coarse and fine particles, (roughly the irrcspirable and the respirable) and to examine the crystallinity of the fine dust by x-ray diJfraction.
.Methods
.
lhc tests wore tarried out at the Engineering Test Center by Engine-Ting ''epartment personnel jointly with Haskell labora tory pcrrcnnol. They were done in a snail, closed room at the
Center in which there was a minimum of air movement.
The thermal insulating materials that were chosen for entry into the comparative series were furnished by the Engineering Service Division. They were in the form of slabs, 2 inches thick.. Mechanical energy was applied to the slab by making a series of 10-inch cuts .with a circular table saw operating at a fixed speed. The cuts were timid and the times were held constant for all of the materials. The sequence that was followed in making the cuts
DUP 0901628
after the dust hnd hnd time to settle out of the eir. The first series consisted of a cample collected by drawing air through a milliporc membrane filter (O.G micron pore sir.c) by means of a UnieoJ Telir.atic Air Sampler; a second scries vac collected by draw ing air through a similar filter by means of a small battery oper ated personal sampler of the type that h;.s been in ui c in the con struction division for the past couple of years. The third series of samples was collected by means of the Unico- 550 Turbingee High Volume Air Sampler. It pulled the air first through n Model 200 Cyclone Separator. The fine fraction of dust p;csed through the cyclono and was deposited on Whatman No. 41 filter paper. In Appendix A, the high volume sampler is referred to as lii-vol and the milliporc filter sampler is referred to as /. F.
Fiber Counts.
The milliporc filters from both the Tels.atic samplers cr.d the construction division samplers were used for counting fibers according to the method currently in use by the U. S. Public jicr.ltVi Service. This is a count with a 430 x tr.agni ic<. t ion, using phase contrast illumination and counting all fibers greater tl-.-.r. 5
microns in length.
Weight Determinations.
The cyclone separators were each v.cighcd before rnd after dust collection and the difference was recorded as the weight of coarse dust. Each of the Whatman filter papers was weighed before and after collection and the difference was recorded as fine dust.
X-Rav Diffraction.
0
The filter papers on which had been deposited the fine dust were submitted to the Chemical Physics Department, Cr.rr.cgieMcllon University, for identification of the minerals by means of x-rny diffraction.
Statement of Result-
Fiber Counts.
The results of fiber counts are presented in Table 1. In this table the designation C after the r.oi-.n numeral identification of each material refers to the ^sample collected by the use of the
DUP 0901629
Dus L ines.-, of Their.-*! Insulating Mater ia Is JConjLldj.
Page* 3
construction division sampling equipment. The fiber counts that were obtained from the millipore filter used with the Telmntic sampler during sawing arc presented in Figure 1. Figure 2 gives the results obtained from the millipore filter samples collected with the Tclmatic sampler after settling. Figures 3 and 4 pre sent graphically the counts obtained from the millipore filter samples collected by use of the construction division sampling equipnc-nt during sawing and after settling respectively.
Weight Determinations.
In Table 2 are presented the results of the weighings of the cyclone separators and the filter papers with the calculated ratio of the coarse to the fine fractions. The ratios ore plotted graphically in Figure 5 and Figure 6 representing the ratios dur ing sawing and after settling respectively.
It will be noted that air volumes were not equal for all of the samples collected. It was satisfactory to calculate ratios of coarse to fine fractions with the weights that were actually obtained, but in order to make a meaningful comparison of the quantity of the fine dust generated by the sawing per unit volume of r.ir, it became necessary to adjust the weights of the fine, fractions to an ecu:I air volume for all samples. The result? are given in Tables 3 and 4 and they are plotted graphically in Figures 7 and 8.
Rcsul ts_of_X - c.ay Pi f fraction An a lvs i r..
The fine fractions of dust that were deposited on Whatman 41 filter paper after passage thru the cyclone separator were sub mitted for analysis by means of the Debyo-Feherrer technique. The results arc presented in Appendix B.
It will be noted that with each material the composition as seen by x-ray diffraction remains the same for the fraction col lected during sawing and that collected after settling. This rules out any selective settling of components of the mixture on a scale sufficient to influence the health effects of inhaled particles before and after settling.
The finding with respect to Unibcstos is clear-cut. It con sists of amositc asbestos.
In the group represented by Calsilite SS, Supcr-Cskmp, and Thermnsil; and in the grown consisting of Kaylo 20, the report states a possibility of the presence of cither, amositc or crotit'.oktr. This question should be settled by reference to the suppliers hcc;,.r.e croc idolitc would be less desirable from the health standpoint. There are ropo"tf, of disease having occurred from relatively brief exposures in contrast to the slowly developing effects from long exposure in the case of the other asbestos forms.
DUP 0901630
D-.i^t
of Thorn'i)_Insulating Mater j n 1 s (Moi_yt_ht)
Page 4
If crocidolitc
is absent, the groups containing Calr.j litc- S5,
Sup<?r-Caltomp, Thormnsi), and also Kaylo 10 ST:, find JM Silicatcd
Then.iobostoo arc about equal with respect to composition: they arc
all mainly a non-asbestos mineral (tobcrir.orite) end about 10 per
cent of an asbestos. Minerals like tobermori to are classed
the "inert" or nuisance particulates wiLh respect to health effects,
e.g., Portland Cement.
Kaylo 20 was found to contain a higher asbestos content, and also an unidentified crystalline material,
Conpa rison of Materials.
Table 5 presents a conditional ranking of the subject rate rials based strictly upon the numerical results of fiber counts, weights of fine fractions and the ratios of coarse to fine fractions for
each material.
This classification, even when combined v.ith the composition data, gives no clear-cut indication of superiority.
It may be reiisoncd that Kaylo 10 STS and JN filicotee Thermo-
bestos, both of which have low asbestos content, performed remark
ably well with respect to numbers of countable fibers and favorable
weights of fines and ratios of coarse to fine.
.
The I&n-Material and the Unibestor gave comparatively high fiber counts but were lowest ir. weight of fines and extremely favorable ir. ratio of coarse -to fine fractions. It should be remembered that the fiber counts were made ori whole airborne samples collected cn mem brane filters without prior si2c-scpcraticn. The I&3 Material one
Unibostos are apparently high in content of fibers that are count able by optics and by definition, but, when subjected to aerodynamic
size separation, the dust cloud from both materir1s yielded extreme ly low weight of fines. Unibestos is less desirable or. the bans of
asbestos content.
Calnilite SS, Super-Calterp, and Thermasil behaved in a similar range of performance wi^h respect to fiber counts and weights cf fine fractions. A strong point in their favor is the low asbestos
content (unless it should be crocidolitc).
Kaylo 20 is a favorable material with respect to fiber counts and weights of fines. More information should be sought cr. its asbestos content before passing judgment.
e. c
j. F. Morgon/bjd
Haskell Laboratory December 14, 1970
man DUP 0901631
XM
1o Io K> O' oO
No. I
n u-c
iii
III-C IV IV-C V v-c VIII VIII-C IX IX-C X
XI
XI-C
XII
XII-C
XIII
tabu: l
RF.Sm.TS OF FTP.:: COU'.TS
Material
106 Fibers
> 5 p pet Filter
Unibectoc
17.1
Unibectoc
11.8
Unibestos
4.9
Unibestos
6.1
Thernasil
2.4
Thormacil
2.5
Thermosil
2.5
T'nernasil
1.0
Kaylo 10 STS
1.1
Kaylo 10 STS
1.6
Kaylo 10 STS Kaylo 10 SIS
1.0 0.71
Kaylo 20
9.5
Kaylo 20
5.3
Kaylo 20
6.9
Kaylo 20 `
3.6
JM Silicated Thernobostos
1.3
JM Silie?tod Thcrrebe.*. tos
0.41
JM Silicated Thcrmobcstos
1.2
JM Silicated Thornobor. tos
0.46
Calsilitc SS
17.5
Mr Volume (ml) 14,400 10,400
--
13,000
10,400 24,000 14,000 22,400 10,400 28,000 13,OOO 22,400 10,400 28,000 13,000 22,400
10,400
2C,000
J 3,000
22,400
Fibers >5p dc r i.i 1
1100 1130
--
470 111 240 104
72 49 154 ' 36 SS 424 510 246 277 50
40
43
. 35
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APPENDIX )J
jbii'b'Ao.
Comp^iin ^od
h ! Unibostoc
Anosllc (crtmcrl tc )
xin , xvn, xvm , xxi, xxii, xxi 11, XXIV, 1J1, IV
Super-Cultowp Thcrnuic i 1
Calsilitc SS
Major: (.'ell oryM nil ixoil Toln i i",'t ! 11-, 11 A hyili;'lr, l'rcl'.''Jy ) 11;than .*.! out
10% iwos./ic (C' oiu-y I (c) or crccictolite ( richc-chlie).
V, VIII, XI, X1T
Kaylo 10 STS JM yilicatcd Thernobustos
Majjr: Poorly crystallir.es] 11 A tobjrr.ioritc jr n-.ix-
turc of 11 A and 14 A hydrates of tobcrniorl tc. Pos)bl` 10'i or less of chrysotilc or ot. er
serpentine p.lneral. (Eased on presence of line at 7.3a.)
IX, X
Kaylo 20
Major: Poorly crystallised
toteir.-.orlic as in V. Probably 10-20% of chrysotilo or ether
serpentitie ttincral. Probably 10-20% of er-.osl tc (gruncritc)
or crocidollte (ricbctkltc). 10-20% unidentified crystalline material.
XXV
I&B Material
Major: either clino-chrysotlle
or mixture of clir.o- ar.d ertho-
ehrysocile. Probably 10-20%
Mc(OII)j. 10-20% unidentlfitd
crystalline material.
XXVI
l,D Material
Sample too er.nll for analysis.
These mineral* have varying decrees of Iso: orphous *ub. 11 tut ior. of
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compos i t Ions are shown below:
,
DUP 0901640
Lizardicc Fibrous> or Platy
Toacvr.oiitc 11 A liydi.Me
Tobcrnoritc 34 A bydvntc
(60oietic\oo called plonbicritc)
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0.85-1.5 CrO Si02 nll20
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