Document QXBKNz0ZyRgZv1gZOwx3M7qG5

r / s- !Ms Ek* Ki--' &. z*?* 5e-. **A- ii iri~Mi**i'irm* ifcfcifyrTtrtififTi- >Tr r ry-j Huirr'rt'iiy-ref^hf.A. RED LEAD Corrosion Resistant Paints 00 4^ 5g*$ ; - -: .. -> cr-fi a zl i=3" -- -- -- -H* "C- l ?" - sJ ?2 - .. rr -- I=r ST 3 I O o 0 01 *l HP*' CO e 0 O 3 =y 5.VV * CH A P T * Properties and Advantages of RED LEAD ... %j- 4-'v-' HE HM'Hul fVnfvflM* *nd hwtmw *4 Mu) rMMlnf |MW that *i Tpnwwlr Miimui ^iilntmi *: I1) U* wtawa M a ceatMufM dhck mhitalt m| tMln Wjr pnMM( tk fy luiw rumm ratriwow: (2> Ihr Ix i mm id nMiMn Mm * ySnlr Item 1W mu I llw iiiiuwwm iM CM rmne n*tvwi*i IJI lfc mw m l <* Mm lA*l ( owl cyfnfm MkiliMltrunM nfky twpinMini ikjWfi i: m4 14) Ihrftt* tw*M*cntlMlMic ptiyrtliM taihat i CImi i i at Ihr ifi Mm x H hr ninfiwrJ. wit anlp Matwllp MM a mu m prw-4 aftaar. Hrd M, mxl mkrf at a wtclr y^awwt i> nwIttH ttk akn pawt ftgomit pw mi Ittprliw tlak rtwMr it la MM Ikr uqinwalt at rwk tw rf ihra ipnfcainit It rt< fc<b at aa akikaa *! * aha jatpaitt Mini yaMat ta a pa* wfcak M* arfhrttua. linknut. an4 rtacwnljr m H*pal Mat bt (art. rr4 haft daattahljr aM hy mitt tMif MnHlM- MM lat btaw iwwtBy ariyal aatiMlfii1aaawtoMM |> ,*' -0* l - -- v-c*<:7 ^ *L * -*>*- ** ^' So t . , \s 'f" i$g-*a ' . <* .- .- '<* >V?. t_ feusfifasb- J - rrt nm*l&sa`&.&j8PSk&&>J:*Z&S&&&S^^ Ai-W------- UyJbS$Nt?0 r< U -H-te.j b . m "f:*?3 t -. - hj tr-c. 3 =* Z r?I 3 ^ ~^j * _ S? 5 ~! ~ g-5j^ | -f.1 5^31 * <gl One of the more recent inti of red lead's inhibitiveness h reported by A- H. Stuart.* As a part of his testing. Dr. Stuart wanted to determine whether the red lead itself was responsible for rust inhibition. To do this he immersed a steel rod in a thin paste of red lead and water foe one hour. The rod was then removed, tlw* oughly washed to remove all pigment nod tested along with an untreated rod The treated rod. although all trace of red lead had been removed, showed decidedly greater resistance to rusting, as measured electrically, than did the untreated rod. Also the protective action, while it steadily diminished, had not entirely disap peared after forty hours. This n shown graphically in Figure 1. Dr. Stuart's interpretation of this result is that red lead forms a thin film at oxide on the metal surface, thus creating a passive state. Kis conclusion, after this . -- W.--- - -JK-trf -r- A-^'i =>-'^A<c=-As33Maf dr^t1' llnsencriisr- M*KaMgMdSHaaMUaU8K3BM^MMlMnMM9M&Mi II m I .u. .J Two members ofthe Bell Telephone Laboratories. H. EL Haring and R. 8.Giboey, have conducted a series of laboratory experiments which seem to confirm this theory of passivity and support their expressed belief that the action of red lead in the priming coat, h essential!y chemical. It Experiments conducted by K. G. Lewis* also show this inhibitnre effect of red lead on metal surfaces. Lewis used the scratch-cont method in which he painted metal with red lead and linseed oiL and when the film wn dry made a standard scratch through H exposing the bare metal. A drop of sodium chloridesolution placed on this scratch and protected against evaporation caused no corrosion, rusting or softening of the paint film in the case of red lead. The reasons for the creation of a passive state on red leaded tnetal surfaces is attributed by some to its baric or alkaline nature. This is on the theory that when sleet Is attacked, the iron goes intosolution at the anodic areas, and the rate of solu Sf tion is inversely proportional to the alkalinity of the medium in immediate contact with the metal. It h further held by other authorities that corrosion is prevented if a protective layer of oxide is formed in direct contact with the metal surface. This takes place when the ferrous sons formed at the anodic areas are quickly oxidized tothe ferric state. Certainly the presence of an active oxidizing agent, such as red lead, will promote the formation of this protective oxide shield and arrest the process of corrosion. Red trad is doubly fortunate in that it possesses in such degree both of these chemical properties which authorities agree are responsible for preetnting metal corrosion. As has been staled by Or. Ulicit R. Evans,* * of Cambridge (England) University. "An inhibitive pigment should be included in the lowest (priming) coat of paint so as to keep tfce metal pesrive... * Red Lead Soaps--T/teir Effect on fbe Paint Film When red lead is mixed srith next of the pair vehicles m common ns tome organic compounds el lead are farmed. This reaction has been demonstrated by many frwlipimhnt invettiy--ws and is nov* generally accepted fnt t--wwwtMrT- nt*isa'MtCl tssr.a M \*%r: 'sssasr L - yf. > :.Sr '>**-* Jv .*S -*7 \ r* j i The product* of this phenomenon are commonly referred to as lead ~ioapa* and there hat been a great deal of experimentation and research relatinc to both the formation of thee metallic aoept and their effect upon the life and character of the paint him. FIGURE X Lead mp lontanM in the ratty Mpt d tkcv pMlwlr g>earth. FIGURE J Thn yhoUk taken andr* puiMun) iht. more fheljr Mmi the rWacW* f trail ) Note ywlirv laly thr Mmn aiwMr. FIGURE 4 te at a my pcadmid eh ana*her knr p*mn*. Mete the nhi crjMalhne>hke atiwctw* e ** Mp m rantraM la the Net ad pan* paeswsta are capable forming metallic aoepa but lead pigmralh Jy. Thetemjaoapaarealaoditeiocti**intheir Ionaand in theireflact. cr-o 3 rzl a5' cfiL oS "y o1 ^SRl * $Zz\ &sf* 0 3j 1 * ?5T3 Ieg o o 0 01 -si h_'k * In (fMtil, Ind Map* form m a eerie* of projection* radiating wt Item central core. Thi* is shown in the photomicrograph*. Fgam 2 and 1 Tint are rthrt metallic Map* that are more solid andeiyrtalline and lack the etintiocy and integral strength of the fibef-like iphmilite* in the lead paints. Such an meagre is shows is Figure 4. .. Furthermore, it has been shown that the development rf soap formation! eon* tinuet in the red lead paint film after the surface coating has dried. This continuous growth hat even been photogtaphed in a motion picture. Of course, the growth of soap crystals it a slow process and a picture which Ukn but a few seconds to show oo the screen must be made over a period of many weeks. Lead Soaps Contribute to Impermeability of Paint Film The formation and presence of lead sosp compounds in a pain film is not merely a chemical curiosity. The reaction hat a very definite practical eScct on the life end performance of thepaint. The composition of the soaps gives a due to one of the reasons that red lead is an efficient guard against such corrosive factors as air and mewtsne. Among the products formed with linseed oil are lead Bnoitme. lead stearate, complex cam* pounds of lead monoxide (litharge) with triglycerides, and basic lead soaps. All of these ere highly water-resistant and unquestionably contribute to low moisture permeability. Confirmation of this is contained in a paper* by Wsofrerf Jfagg; a German investigator. He chsractericcs point films containing red lend "as brick walls, built of comparatively large, impermeable bricks which are bound together with a water-tight mortar.* Further evidence it contributed by mowture perineabiKty test quoted by Bums and Schuh.** The red lead paint film outranked nit ocher pigments tested, bitten in all. so rrartaw:* to ancestor* pssmge through the catting. Add Toughness mnd fhtfscify gitminationcf the shape and chaaacie*of lead smptshows time they contribute also to the toughness and elasticity ofthe poos film. It is veryevident from a photomkragraph <SseFigorsS) howtheparticlesiottr* twine and mechanically reinforce the paint film. This type of pmTirh growth is aomrwhit analogous to Mere in doth. Individwatiy the doth Mm hove little IH I ll haMWi^uwaa.W.al.lW, - thou*and times . to* mwrtMMgdaMs saw .PwaivisC--ttito ?<&>**** er ja IA = '= B o] --_ a.sS8| 3= -s0*=* 0~ ;* j. Q-?c " I o. A O S = a( 3 r* =r a Co "tea V.U-.V" ' i .. v -f: &&Krfi " :*. fJi**5rr'-~-<r>_ W. -,.. 1 <.T. ft T" It b alto s characteristic of lead scop* that they allow movement atl along the projecting fidget*. Thi* i* xety beneficial to the life of the paint. os orce the elastic limit of both the dried oil film and the ea*particle*** Mcttdrd the *oap panicle* will give in thi* manner. Thi* action effectively prevent* the rupture* to which hard, unyielding paint film it subject. rictnte s TJtt* photctitpb of more futtjr dnrV<t<^ bwt imp lannalwiH rtr*t\y inlnin she mKhtmnl e nhKrMMt thry give So the paint .< p--* rt L . . - y ..i ?!v':-'.&iKt ?-. -l- ;^-'i5Ks This sponsorship it entirely unbiased and the Inti, which now extend ever a period of about ten yean, are reported upon annually. The 1941 published report makes the following definite recommendation: "Use a corrosion-inhibiting priming paint, tuch as red lead. Follow this with good weather-resisting finishing coats, tuch as oxide of iron or white lead paints." The report further goes on to explain: The Committee's tests have shown that the most effective of these (inhibitive) primers for general use is red lead.* For many yean similar exposure tests have been conducted under the direction of the Cambridge (England) Laboratory. In these Cambridge tesla, many of the effective combinations involved the presence of red lead in the lowest coat Com* meriting on them, another pa>nt authority, Dr. Ulick R. Evan*,* of King's College. Cambridge University, claims that The Cambridge outdoor tests support the view that the lowest coat should contain an inhibitor-preferabty red lead.* Among the independent authorities who have carefully investigated metal paints of ail kinds are R. M. Bums, Assistant Chemical Director of the Bell Telephone Laboratories and A. E. Sehuh. Director of Research for the U. S. Pipe and Foundry Co l In a recent book,** on which they eollaborated,it is stated "Of all the pigments that hove been used in primers on ferrous metals, red lead has the best over-all record. It has been in constant use for well over a century, and in alt carefully conducted paint studies has always ranked very high. It is not meant to imply that there b no other priming pigment better than red lead, for unquestionably several other pigments have in specific instances given superior protection. However, it b the one priming pigment which has consistently shown up well both in tests and in actual practice.* Paint Research Nations! Lead Company b fully cognisant of the value at testing alt paints wader actual service conditions. Not only dees thb prevent untried recommenda tions but H alto furnishes us with a mass of valuable data to assist our customers interested in good paint formulation. Straight rad lead paints u well as red lead In venous combinations with other pipsiH ai liunrtswtly beingtestedandcheckedat ourownoutdoortestinggrounds. These are located in various sections of the cuuntiy so as to cover the salt air *u.n.giw^tiiaii Ciweus(agaaasnw.-- iewe >w im>c h s w .m> ' tNwai>ufcnaiii ic mw Css^ianii nsd^ssi i 5' 5L -- SI 8 Q. s-* = ~3I 3 r* =r --_ * 3-S*3i a ml >** E T|h(| t O o 0 01 -4 i t ,V'r c,y:. I r r.;-r i-1r-jt - . exposure of the conli, the industrial ttmotphcte wound large cities and the rela tively pure air of rural locations. They include also marine tests of various types such as exposure to salt water, tidal waters and river water, both clear and Indus' triatly polluted. Climatic differences are likewise taken into account, the test loca tions ranging from Long Island to Florida, from the east coast to the west Information gathered at these various test stations is continually being drawn upon for the benefit of those who seek help in solving some difficult exposure prob lem or who wish to formulate paints to meet special requirements. Red Lead with Other Pigments There have been many tests a* well as innumerable practical examples to show that the full value of red lead as a protective against rust is realized in straight red lead paints. However, there is also a growing volume of evidence that the strong faihibitive character of red lead and the ability to form useful lead soap compounds increase the protection and length of life of a multi-pigment paint when red lead is included as one of the important components of the pigment phase. Chapter III contains several formulations from established specifications Federal, state and commercial-which call for red lead either aa a single pigment or combined in various percentages withother pigments.Thisis an excellent indication of the general acceptance of red lead for the desirable properties that it provides in metal priming prints. Vehicle Compatibility The formulation of certain types of paints involves the use of vehicle* ocher than linseed oil. In this respect, altboogb essentially basic, red lead is compatible with practically all types of vehicles commonly used in metal priming paints. Far example, varnishes made with afkyd resins, phenolic resins, and modifications of these, os wett as various other mine chlorinated rubber, and different heat treated drying oils, have been successfully used with red lead. Some of the formulas give* In Chapter 111 include a trwof the paint vehicles that are specified Of CMtria. the choice d vehicle usually depends upon the type of service or jaliiih the print is intended. Along this fine we have compiled data to aerist in ti|fbrmu)atien ofvarious vehicles with red lead lu accomplish specific ruaulta. This iiftrrmation is availableuponrequest. 10 catr c 5* s l <o - g S o - * m 3 a>a. U 7* _ cs 2. t re 0 & o. o o It c 3~ co z j 9 (Q O o 0 01 >1 L e7-^.= o ~ tso' e ". >C- oK> O=J l m 3a S,_"_---i a. St * 2 - g-r*? -!l-i ! -3! |? 11 I L_ I nssmm&GK&g&m - . 1 :.. -; ,1-7 } '+ .5; :--< B&rv- "" vv ;---. fcr- qiiV* CgfcaBftac-fcaaraj.vn c j. _ ! y-o 3 --- % compressed tit into the center of a g &>"**- Th immedite!y converts It Into litharge as a fume which it collected in filter bag*. Of course, ineach ce foresee i ued to convert the litharge to red lead. There it no difference in the chemical competition or the tpecific gravity of the two red leads. Comparative properties of the two types and their various grain are listed in Table I on page 12 of this booklet. Number of Grades The usual commercial red feed used by the point industry n of Jour variation* designated at the 85'7,95`r. 97% aftd9fl*V grades.This refers to the smninuna truered lead (Pb O.) content. The remainder is practicallyaltlitharge { FbO) since pure commercial red lead contains only.a fraction ofone percent of other materials. It Is generally accepted that some litharge content is a desirable factor in red lead paint performance. This it probably due to Its bosk nature as sreQ as its ability to form relatively insoluble lead soaps. Red lead with a litharge content of as high os 15*c is employed by some because it combine* quickly with the vehicle due to the increased reactivity. The film ob tained with such a paint also acquires "through- hardness more rapidly than one made with red lead with a higher PbO, content. Becausethe 85** grade fed lead ' combines with the vehicle faster, the paint shook! be applied the same day as mixed. In fact, such paints are generally mixed by wfcting the dry pigment to the vehicle on the jots The 95**, 97% and 98** red leads make faint with good storage properties and for Ms reason are used aimed exclusively for ready-mixed red lead paints. The 95% to generally used in mixed pigment pwiiitt and the higher percentages are preferred for straight red lead paints. L * V^ erx 3 --- <o C "r 3 O SO _ 5 "* _ <o -* ex. ~--> 2>* r*w*- g- p 2* oJ3 3 g ~3 =T w 3 2fT. w fQ ED lead it a part of meat Federal Specification* for metal priming point*. It R M oho melided in the Highway Deportment Specifications of all ofthe forty* eight states as well as in numerous railway and municipal recommendations. A lyja* colselection has been made fromthesetoinclude withtheformulations in this booklet as helpful reference. Paints produced in our laboratory according to the suggested formulas fully met our standards of quality and performance and also the requiremenu of the particular specifications indicated. ft is weff recogmecd that the drawing up of a fount specification is diucndiut upon such factors as cost, drying time, availability of materials, conditions of expo sure, pigment and vehicle compatibility and others. la consequence, it is impossible to set down hard and fast rule*. This is why see indude this chapter only os a nog* gestion of what has been dune and what can be done with red lead as part of the formulation. We hove modi data available from long experience with the paiM makers* and sun' problems. Foe those with specific requirements we recommend that they otfliie the facilities of the National Lead Company Research Laboratories through one ofthe brands offices listed as this bocklet 1 L IS I 0m * Qgrm'rev-^jP^fctka^eai^frf^iHfr.ifls.^ ,U` ijuri?' m *mm. <t>- )iBt'i-'.-- \ -'- tM.ai * :q JjrlV'r Red Lead--Linseed Oil Paints Dry and Pott* Rtd I*od /Wra) Spdcifleatfon TT-fl-Ufa (Dm-o ^ *.** Thn opredkehoo wee* to typer af fed lead: Tj t * L Dry **d Type JL Put? M Oi Three wt ih m--only --rd pin d Dry Rid Laid: Grade A. *J*; Grade B. 9i%t and Grade C 17*V. Thrrr Me' two trade* of Pnte Bed Lead: Grada O fonHinat W** ad lead and Grade C er--iauunf 97% ml trad. The co--pe*rtred requirement* rf (aKn --adr ho* ntiwr trade ares PrarM------------------ ------------------------ 92 *4*4 U.md Od*- t*4 radand Taal Fat-afo TTHJ1I* The Federal Speedirattun fur Bed Lead TT*R*1*U rontaine frraudio far Inf pa--> --adr from either dry ar pade red JreA a lark are frequently mrd a* i TT-SIMo Dry M U4 Fa TV, M U< Kh U<m ... H St See* J*ed. T--r-- . . . ... tpii o r Pirn Ortre .. ___ _________ _ . >P| Pip*. Inaaam TaM .... ltd 4 ad. TT-R-lllc Nal* Sad Ued F*naala PratlMUd iM'VOM .Rt* >w tom! OJ---------- .lata Tr |noii-- ..... .... . )** Dwr____________________________tpl* Md fo I'le* OR I1)** IH^ Aapre--aow TMJ . .. IS Wad %* Fodaral hU Tart Fwwta TT-SlfUt On a purr--je and bate* wtB Imm Ike law peecedirg fora --tie InnaJr fork a aa foUaas: >MMd PKantr RffLu*1 foCM too* 9mm* mo .Raw L-*redOd IT--peat--a ibpod Drier.fidrd t Spar. TT-MJla Type 1 4.1 SI 471 44 as SI--MR IMrit l Gal VW 77A*V 214*'# >U>t MJ Bed Lead Cranol per Gath-- ad Pa--t tM 1 Lineed Od Caaiaat per G^foa at Pa-l - dJSI Ta --* * id had la dottlPldlfotaai ted *y o Oatia hi U SI SI MS* CO" ol S. rt s- -h * r i 1-0a*P<r -2 ornIl ___ -u S.~ 2 ~ <B Ok at a. -- O 3E ~1 C S' 3r3?Il = S' 3 I 2ft. e^ I O O 0 01 d L f*?*rzr ~ s >A-V>y'5(S? s< B*d L*od Bo m; IfnMid CXI. R#odjr-Ml**d Paint f odoraJ Specification TT-P-tIfiiO---w-- Pn u w t VttttCLS r--h XcLM*7%Srado* IX-- t--id Od IlSwbwi Spmu --d Drier! fbrC-- 100A 4J 17 r*mih tesr S3* 22 ObO-- XI Ml 44 VrMf Wl Cal rV 77.5% 2S2S 2i 2SJS lb*. (ISO Bn. Spm6r<f U. 274 MU SMLm)Cantfi>l pnCallonol PmH |9il Lmnl&ilCaMail prrC*Don of Paml 5J)I TT-MI Drr lUd UW MS*1^ Jon--to tkrllHUll%|nl>|______ ____MO HwtlwmW- _ _______________ . T>on---- >iliiiiiii*|i 1.. _______ I UfirfDiM in-MthT.i*lr.......... I pL PL _____ _ ... . 44 -- TT-7M tat* JUd Uad Kfari** fin-- rMMXMLN<tmMi .. -........... M* hi ... .. . ___________ l'Mh. l,l|i^mwfptin . .. ____ f *. I^W PnN ITT D4M*. Tif* It............ t H AffMwHTnH 4`**att. *T kfrp iWMWrfHh--m^w 4i4hl-- l<>ly;rfAI---- t--ll hnWt>WI hi 1--4% Ma-- m4 CM M mmmlmm Rid Uod Bo m; UaiMd OIL Roody*Mix*<i Pedal Fidw/ Specification Tf-P-W. Ameadmeaf Jlo. I Ph mw t lltn IM 7% rodr VlWCU Ibotd Rrpioor--K OB* *4.7 OLl IMP IS7M 1* MU 774% M2U VoMrie 23.4% Wl.Ofll 24JiR(Nlhl|fiM PV JU MMCohmprOdbMfhinl lUfti iMaWMCMCMprCtOndPinl Ufet 25.4 A 7U MU NCiMVMhbltViMr 1M CHhMT H M C. .M . ITS |n mi (77 IUJ.) ( JMgf--to (95 IU&) ft--m Vfi--iw (Mb T|p Rmri TT7H tauten ifwide L--l OrrMMtmp*lM IMI Bull Mill il 04 _ Pi >v m TT7H toatowi 3k L MM**r< MMUlimoii------- * I--Ml .plr.--w04 in471l lain lh ** ~ W|----------------------------------------------*hlph Tv> L e<*r a _2-.^3 JZ1l -- S " o| *< - * mj 3 a "_0> ~(v `:l aoI^e l I3 ? rP cAo o o 0 01 >1 I _r PS- Z'-i * ^ t ; J; Bad load. B*ody-Ml*ad Fatal American Association d Slate Hig&wcnr OZ/Jdal** Spaci/koSoa W72-Q * fKMEKT Vimcu fuart D*T Rea U4 95** trade NrCW M9 iMutm* ef Raw (MIJ5-47) amd ( Boded (41125-42) Li-red Ofa IM ftwll 1945 549 f-"-- 244 754 Ro mm 774'I <77-MI SftnM) Vcfcictr * 3Ur, Wl.Cal - 25JIU. TV 244 5551 1004 Rd LeadCcMM* perGaffa* of Paint 194 tfe I jramfTM'V**--|-------* *-- 549Iba. Bad Laad (Dry and Pasta la Oil} ad Pedal Kada Tharsirom American Association ol State Highway Oitidala' SpecUication H71-42 --* mu PmM Mdr arrerdtnc t IW r u s m* formula* pmi >inim<r mW Ffcnl SjMlntiM TT-RHIa (Tni Formula*) ml) wen the ri^utniwMi of tkm *qro4fwm. Nou: Tim raw Imwrd mi cilM far may W rryimed mtk Ml hand ml lo the ram wt 54 imwsrfiWiralwiwwim. JUd taod-tlniaad 09 Fatal for Structural MetaJ Hear/ WaiehJ himfa Plcutw Dtr Res Lua, 7*> made AwCM 5944 2291.4 Oa9-- 594 IRmlmerlM 494 5074 45.4 ITlwmt ml Own* 52 294 54 VMr Wl Cal nr 14% H.O^. 2Llife im 2*144 1004 Dry RtlWCMhM feCiferfFU IM Ife LimeM04 Cearteal farGaMnwt Pfert 544Km U*Mf. Mmanmtrr. cmiihmmd Bad TafHhwad Ofl Frit* HgHWalqfcl lOnRalMlTrafe 1 r-rnTm lira liraii I Ol NrHmkMU HMmh t Mi Drfe* 444 4 JU 504 444 15444 U 2557 1254 2544 147 J At 154 551 -- Bn ***** Cri 194Sm DryRMUW' iMmSMs |J4 I Idhm 5571 s&pl , S s| fri| sr 2" w a C -I l3sw 3- 3 3 sr- =tr3B> 1II L '*ernk f 'Tiff m rur'S'i D*A C 5' SL 50 ~ ^*< 00 o m 3 S'Sa --SI1 s.- W ? S- r I 2S*T 2" "(p3jj I9I o o 0 01 Nl L ISIlSli .... '- *}i'-}.Kj< ->',^>;~-ifavrfr- . 'V -'-V"".'*.J .'^''.^ X. I ' J - ACO3 *r* oZIi *t r ' -- -- * > 5-p H ~2 S oj _,,<< mj 3 nr -j in; &?*-. mZr.. kWi,.' * .. ^ r-' *! 2<f-.' \% \ igsksHsi, Rod Lead Painl {Extended) Southern Railway System Specification No. 49B to~* araM* |Ru Lu; 95*1 PW Pk miw t * 'OutoRunaM S>lm VlHICU M#fr*um Silicate gllllM lit Oil |Hwiwr and Drier** W Cant 759 10.0 13.0 659 359 - fiali IMS 9U 147.7 175.9 202.4 OiBm 9.9 111 621 4612 3056 19639 'lOOOO Pfemrfrt U* Vritidr J7% ConanrMy: 105-165 tram* for tprajrand 221-350 Wl C4 IMIte irau far Uwh by ASTM Mrthod D-S62-42-T. PV 30.7 Wa: la *mmI a arfcWW < _ . M* a.itil.1 lar r<M favibMM TT-P-aa. i I. HvL I. !*** M l m<i Ww rnninii rUd fa* ta Ifa aMriiani itnlMMX, M* IT f tb*a MM.) (fcT*wataD--im a> IaMf WMwariaa.w Imiw M J'V If m*M f mmm b miinMl maiaiaia --r--'-- <1 Onrri J% lai Mr. Hh h i.Mt'< CMMntdwMMl Exterior Primer tor Now ad Rebuilt Stool Freight Can Chicago d Northwestern Railway Company Specification Standard Paint No. t. IhsMxor 9m JRm ImW mdr 'ZmOmmor ilfM Oxidr, 70% 7* 0, fMaranim SilirMe * iHrat TmHnl Otis VtMtCU ||)na Drier* fMawral l)Mi TWCM 45 1* 16 23 69 t 12 tea 139 121 111 171 354 47 199 OaXaaa 46 41 12 72 452 62 292 PtCiWiM VrMtb Wl-Oot TV 54.9% 449% 11.47 It*. 39 1147 1099 Unar*4 Oil Content prr Cationof Pat* 3541b* Cmmnmmeyi 190 pant*(ASTMMethod D-S62-42-T) ** p^mM> 1hM"d 0U Motel Patet Primer | Ua * 95% orate llwoO*i4e.74%re.O. iMwnia* Silicate \9teMMMM ttooraie .XwrUwdOf 04 *Hot BaMtawlOnn iTteworfDriR* tea Cm* 459 279 27.7 J SM ' 91 114 tea* 529 117 336 * 191 422 I7M CiBiaa 7.1 99 M2 A 194 52 252 flail' 4M% VoMrte M% VMM Hite 19909 MM IhurtOifnrw xrOte>dhte 1.43 ft* rnnxiiiii: HOomiitfnriteMDMMlT) W-e*'.*/'- L w 4 it we*f. frUa 9< H 1 Linseed Oil Paints BS L*ad-Vail*h tlruood Ofl G*n*rtjl Purpo*# Prisor | Ru l.uw. *7% inrfts pKMRT 'j FuMt *1 RccuJat Tjrpca * Alu/nmurn Snaratt (fiwlinMtdOii Pale Heat Piifiid Unwed Oil (Vu u c l * Y Vmo mt . And No. Mo*. Spar Varan** MCal fM A PP ZIP tlP ISP Pewa* i* 2$ 1*7 34* MS aMa* 2U a 4i 11.7 32* au TteMatr aod Oner** JIS* 100* PpMl Vctwclr WIM FV 71*% 27*% 2lt Ifciwid Oil Contra* (Fra*andConbiiwd) pet GaBoodPaint PtfCent VoUbk m VrMIrby Wri*ht t*i Conantmcy: l90*raa|ASTMMrib10S*X4JT> 24NH VwM (M M rMp<i> Mt Mai MnMi. 4H*4 rWaMy M. I4J. M* M t> a > < II TTV IJIj OM Mm 7. KJ& a* <Mk ft-TTAUMa l a mH W navaMI. auk mJ tot Mai -*. MM aal #*'. bhk Mo t * aw al nWWi Red Lead--Mixed Pigment--Linseed Oil-- Varnish Paints lad Uod'lroa OxSd* Mmt Carp* pi Eopfattn Specification f-iCQI fi--nil MCM PKMutr |fra* OiidOi 7S% f,0. 7S* IM /dUkfd Mri* Mown: <% I M% ptMt --OydriiM aw mo m (V--eiM nWi JIP IRaw UiiiiiiOa SO* (iMwrallMR* IU M. IW) IMS 44* IU IS* 1*7 SI* 2** IS* *4 u* 2IM MU fpM M.CM PV (WCndYtMbinViMtWWi^M 77J% (77*% MM im UI*o 41* - Jd*% OMM-Flll I I -- MaowlotHiVaMcte liy.|IM%MwM--Spifttad) :|fOpwai(ASmWdMOMM2Ti or js =j -- z 5' ^ -- S *< - o CP m ^ 1 0=3 3 =r -- 22er,, 5o" S'ir3o p\ M L .' ., *TSr''mu~ -4MT -* -n*- **.*wvm& ill'll! dwcgjn^irfn >;, ,ii rg^nn -Wg*.-. ' if-- k>--'- * w9-^o o.S s'- L -*H';l<Hiiim.in ~aacg7?p*^s*gi"tcmjjj1jgexccnwm .TM... |y-~ ~vrTn `'yyift.,.gr rf g ita/- Hd tMd'Oae Chtotaolt-PbmoUe Varobh Priaur tor Vndonraiot xpanw rnnM* VaJ/ay /oJhor/fy Spari/lcefJoa Wl DeM *. mi fw PM bat tea* Oi-- PWMtKT 'On Ru Utfl. 97% trade, i contained in Mr red lead vlikli It tprcifcrd Zmr Chronato .Durtomacaoua &Kn VlMKU rRaw tiiured Oil Carried k in Paata Rad Lead 'Phenolic Raain Vartwth* IPwte Oil Havy Dept. Bur. Sfcipa [ Spec. S24M1 2.7 04 09 IM M4 . 2.7 971 99 105 79 500 10 102 14 5i 102 *07 09 1772 . 1009 Drier: 0-2% Lead. 0.01% Kin|wnr( 041% Cobalt bated oft total ail roatant Punwiu Vetucte Wt,Gal <4t*i UM 17.7 B*. PV JW Per Cent Vstatit* in Vefcirfe by WriM 405* CmrnMcy: 190 fumi (ASTM Mrthod O S6J-41T) --- t-- r- - - f ---------------- ------- ----------t-`"- Bod Lood'lroa OxSdo Structural Slool Mnw fnawda |Rt* Lena. 97% crate 'Iran Owde. 79% Pa.O. Raw UaaradOil 'Spaa Varntek* Itlanarr aadOrtea** Pm Cms 709 149 9 . 579 259 199 hall tool Oil 29 12* 141 191 Wpnl - 709% VeMrio - 109% Wl Cal niio PV 21 PkrCmt Velable in Vebarto Win iii % ii on--t -- a--m < AM t^i'itr.iiii 1TIJto MtatlW. 299 190*9 Be-- 105 Ol J' 414 IOI 109 M09 2 t w L^ibo -- 1135*; 1 ! .. w o -- 2< * S' 2. ~ 3 r* o o 0 01 M .r Red Lead--Mixed Pigment--Varnish Paints Quick-Drying (Synthetic) Red Lead Primer IT. & Maritime CosmJssioa Specification S2MC2311>-- *-*-- h . imi RKMk t fjMb iRto Lc ao . W% p*W 'Mxwmm M Iputinnwwf Silica IWCaM 370 13 40 f Alkyd OiiduMC Type Rnin ( Mineral Spent* Snlut--. 70% Solid*).c. taiinnc ninaWM of 2J% FMhalic Anbydndr Solid* (MMCII) srj VtMCU /RawUawedOa lAmNikfVmltMBSpM* or DiprMeae* 1M it I PriroUuK Spirits fSZT9) wtOOrin** 294 1165 120 54 320 44 29 16* 117 SO 12 40J 5.7 41 314 VcMct* Wk.Oal TV 70J% 29.7% 19.31b*. il r Oei Volatile Vehicle by Writf* p; *0-73 KU *Df*omi HO* IHTl mt W Mr IM *M*> tar *H ar p m of die i 7900 S3 NA led teed Fast Dry Most for Surface* Exposed to Fresh Water sad Other General Priming Purposes J? 97% to *A a fOCM 917 M U PlM* ItSO too tlOiie I1S4 131 m v ant Driar** U 599 740S 13 31 477 *WU MM % tfiticfa = 33% t(W um rv * nj VflbpCMt VaieOieta VeWV by WefcM OS T|| il i 11 IW(Mt (ASTM Method O S4J4JT) Omr mutttr, .Hoiowr. ......... . IS *<-- cr_t3 3 '51 C g* o * <0 -- O -< * fto* oml 7Z 2. 82 ^1 CL 2 o^f3=f 3 n- -J e 3T3I 3.- &\ O O O <n "4 \v-- v?- V--as?-?* t 4 L '....... onttuuu