Document QMvmG5Xzp2QoMB22nzwn4NDEk

GEORGS A-E=>ACBE=BC GP-206 INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMUNICATION DATE! March 1, 1974 to: *See Below LOCATION: FROM: M. F. Fink location: SUBJECT: *T0: AIRBORNE SUBSTANCES - DUSTS, MISTS. ETC, --------------------------------------- -- Mr. K. Brown - AcmuC"* Mr. J. Mr. J. Mr. C. Mr. E. Rauch - Akron Jorgensen - Blue Rapids Terry - Brunswick Allen - Buchanan Mr. 0. Mr. R. Mr. C. Covington, Jr. - Fort Dodge Nielsen - Grand Rapids Coats - Lovell Mr. C. Mr. M. Mr. J. Mr. E. Hummel - Sigurd Jorgensen - Wilmington Becker - Delair Rigby - Pryor Mr. M. Mr. R. Mr. H. Palmowski - Chicago Favero - Marietta Scharf - Milford Tigard cc j Mr. G. Mr. E. Mr. T. Mr. C. Mr. J. Mr. K; Mr. J. Mr. H. Mr. J. After months of controversy the Threshhold Limit Values recommended by Governmental Industrial Hygienists has been approved and accepted by Federal and a majority of State agencies responsible for enforcement of industrial hygiene regulations. One exception is the State of New York. They have proposed their own standards which have been reviewed and will be adopted very soon. This will create a hardship unless^ an agreement is negotiated between the State and OSHA. New York State Department of Labor and U. S. Bureau of Mines do have an agreement, however, this agreement does not extend past the calcining or when heat is applied to the rock. The plant will be exposed to two separate agencies, one State and the other Federal. At Buchanan, the U. S. Bureau of Mines has no jurisdiction, the entire operation will be subject to two agencies. OSHA regulations specifies that unless an accord is reached with state agencies or the state plan is approved Airborne Substances 2 March 1, 1974 by OSHA the federal regulations must be adopted. When an accord is reached and approval given, the agency having the most stringent regulations shall prevail. This condition may change but as of this date we doubt if any action has been taken by the state or OSHA. Fortunately the standards include gypsum dust in the nuisance category and allowable limit is 50 MPPCF (Million Particles Per Cubic Foot). At times the readings may specify million particles per cubic meter. This can be obtained by using the , conversion factor namely: MPPCF X 35.3 equals MPPCM We will refer to Threshhold Limit Value or Permissable as TLV. You will note that gypsum TLV is 50 MPPCF when the free silica is less than 1$. This should not be confused with combined silica. Free silica (alpha quartz) will be considerably lower than the silicate content. Gypsum may carry 25 to 35# combined silica but very rarely exceeds 2# free silica. Rock determinations were made in all of our domestic mining operations, the alpha quartz content averaged 0.&9# to approximately 2.00#. When the free silica is less than 1# the permissable allowable is 50 MPPCF. When it exceeds 1# the following conversion factor is used: TLV divided by # alpha quartz + 10. If a reading of 35 MPPCF is obtained and the free content is 3#, the permissable value would be 30 divided by 3# + 10 or 13. The hygienists recommend that when the alpha quartz is lfo the allowable should not exceed 30 MPPCF. Based on 3# free silica this would result in an allowable of 23.1 MPPCF. Roof drilling samples taken in the Akron mine were analyzed and free silica determinations averaged between 3.9# to an occasional 5.1# in the high range. Most recent sampling indicated that TLV should not exceed 19.0 MPPCF. It must be understood that dust particles larger than 10 microns are not considered injurious, i.e., in the nuisance dust varieties. Also 10 microns is not visible to the naked eye. We could have an excessive count although the air may appear clear of dust. Free silica particles remain suspended in the air con siderably longer than other dusts due to size and weight. As a rule dust counts are averaged out to the time exposure or length of the shift. This is acceptable when an employee works Airborne Substances -3- March 1, 1974 on different jobs during the shift and dust exposure may fluctuate. Note paragraph, "Nuisance Particulates" Page A. A spot test may be taken during the first hour of the shift and a low count will be obtained. Samples taken during the latter part of the shift resulted in free silica 3 and 4 times the previous tests. Samples analyzed of settled dust exceeded 5.00$, however, samples taken by the driller's position were less than 1.00$. This example was more pronounced in the milling operations. Airborne samples averaged from 4.6 to 6.1 MPPCF, free silica determination 0.69$. Settled dust samples, taken from window sills, ledges, etc. resulted in concentrations of 11.90$ alpha quartz. , This condition is pointed out to emphasize the need for good housekeeping in all areas. Fortunately the dusts in the mining operations contain moisture reducing the odds of having dust disturbed and blown about the working areas. When the air seems to contain heavy concentrations of dust, a check of the operations shall be made to seal off any leaks. In addition dust masks must be worn until the condition is corrected. The MSA 6000 series has been approved by the U. S. Bureau of Mines and OSHA for non toxic dusts. This mask is preferable to others as they can be discarded at the end of the shift compared to an expensive and time consuming hygiene program when the more elaborate respirators or masks are used. Cost of the MSA 6000 series is less than 20 cents purchased in quantity lots. They are approved for all nuisance dusts, mica, asbestos and limestone. The MSA 6500 is standard in the Tigard Lab. This may seem lengthy and somewhat technical but we want to stress the importance of good housekeeping and enforcement of respiratory protection. Perlite TLV permissable 30 MPPCF. Here again the free silica is a factor. Dust masks shall be worn when exposed to perlite dusts, unloading cars, expanding and adding to mixes. Based on tests by U. S. Bureau of Mines, free silica contents of perlite averaged 3 to 4$. Combined silica averaged 72.00, 73.00 and 74.00$. Perlite, because it is a volcanic glass having a chemical composition similar to the volcanic ash and obsidion should be considered potentially capable of producing adverse reactions in lung tissue. Further studies are being made to determine the physiological effects on the respiratory system. It has been proven that there is an increase in the silica content and alpha quartz during the expanding process. A dust mask program shall be enforced. Mica TLV has been lowered from 50 to 20 MPPCF. This TLV carries a conversion factor when the free silica exceeds 1$. When purchasing mica a request should be made to the supplier for Airborne Substances -4- March 1, 1974 an analysis of the product especially the percentage of free silica. We believe that the grades of mica used in our plants do not exceed 1#. The dust mask program is a must when handling the product. Talc, non fibrous or non asbestos form. 20 TLV. Talc (fibrous) Cristobalite and Tremolite use. Asbestos TLV based on length of fibers. Asbestos. At the present time TLV 8 hour time weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed five fibers longer than five micrometers per cubic centimeter of air as determined by the method prescribed and approved by OSHA and NIOSH. The TLV is subject to change on 1/1/1976. Two fibers or less per cubic centimeter of air based on five micrometers. Based on recent surveys we are in compliance at all operations, however, a lot of static has developed at Akron. We do believe that this is the result of the lack of cooperation between OSHA and the state. Attached is an outline of safety practices for asbestos fibers. In addition a copy of the approved and adopted Threshhold Limit Values is attached. Review the charts and if you wish to have more information regarding any of the substances please advise. Although the value reductions may seem drastic, the greater part of the problem can be eliminated by education, enforcement of respiratory equipment, personal hygiene and cooperation with the rules. The employer is responsible for rule enforcement. Special attention must be given to housekeeping, especially in the asbestos operations. All spillage shall be immediately cleaned up. Bags of asbestos in storage shall be covered and finally dust masks must be worn. To repeat the earlier statement, the one-day use MSA masks have been approved by OSHA to prevent breathing asbestos dust. MFF:jg Attachments IV SAFETY PRACTICES FOR ASBESTOS FIBERS The following recommendations for asbestos handling have been adapted from the safety practices instituted by JohnsManvile: 1. In all stages of handling -- packaging/ transporting, unloading, storing and in-plant moving -- asbestos fiber bags should be handled carefully and in such a manner as to prevent the generation of dust. 2. Unitized loads should be lifted intact to and from holds of ships, and off and on land transport by fork lift trucks or other suitable handling equipment. 3. Care should be taken to avoid puncturing the asbestos fiber bags during unloading from ships, railroad cars, trucks or other modes of transportation. No hooks or other sharp instruments should be used. Loose fiber accumulated during transit should be picked up by vacuum cleaner before unloading. 4. Damaged bags should be immediately repaired, resealed or put into suitably closed receptacles. Any spillage of asbestos fiber should be picked up either by vacuum equipment or after thoroughly wetting, by sweeping, and should be deposited in suitable closed receptacles. 16 5* For storage, fiber bags should be stacked and moved with care to avoid breakage, protected from puncture by moving vehicles and, if possible, should be isolated from traffic in the warehouse and covered to prevent dust generation. To prevent deterioration of stored bags, the principle of first-in, first-out should be followed. 6. Maximum possible enclosure and fully effective dust control hoods should beN provided at all stages of in-plant handling where dust is unavoidably created, such as at bag opening, fiber dumping and bag disposal operations. Loose fiber should be cleaned from work areas as described in 4, above, to prevent dust regeneration. 7. The wearing of respiratory protective equipment approved by the U.S. Bureau of Mining for protection against asbestos dust should be required at all stages of asbestos fiber handling where quantities of dust are generated which cannot be kept within the Threshhold Limit Value by dust control equipment or other methods. 8. Waste materials, such as collected dust and empty fiber bags, should be placed in special closed re ceptacles and disposed of in such a way as to prevent the release of dust. Methods applicable uner 6 and 7 above, should be used during these operations. 17 9. All dust from exhaust systems should be collected and safely disposed of. It should not be released inta the outside air. Particular attention should be paid to the protection of the employees whose job it is to dispose of the collected dust. 10. Storage piles of bags of asbestos shall be covered with a non-clinging cover or tarp. Plastic is recommended. All spillage shall be vacuum cleaned to prevent so called fugitive fiber release. 18 t hreshold Limit Values tor iDV3 # Adopted at the 35th Annual Meeting of the American Conference of Governmental - Industrial Hygienists Boston, Massachusetts, May 21-25, 1973. Threshold limit values refer to airborne concentrations of substances and represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers inay be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse effect, because of wide varia tion in individual susceptibility, however, a small percentape of workers may experience discomfort from some sub stances at concentrations at or below the threshold limit, a -. smaller pcrccntapc may be affected more seriously by aggra vation of a pre-existing condition or by development of an occupational illness. Simple tests arc now available (J. Occup. Med. 9: 537, 1967; Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 151, Art. 2: 968, 1968) that may be used to detect those individuals hypcrsusccptiblc to a variety of industrial chemicals (respiratory irritants, hemolytic chemicals, organic isocyanates, carbon disulfide). These tests may be used to screen out by appropriate job placement the hyperreactive worker and thus in effect im prove this "coverage" of the TLVs. Threshold limit values refer to time-weighted concentra tions for a 7 or 8-hour workday and 40-hour workweek. They should be used as guides in the control of health hazards and should not be used as fine lines between safe and dangerous concentrations. (Exceptions arc the sub stances listed in Appendices B and F and those substances designated with a "C" or Ceiling value. Appendix D) Time-weighted averages permit excursions above the limit provided they arc compensated by equivalent excur sions below the limit during the workday. In some instances it may be permissible to calculate the average concentration for a workweek rather than for a workday. The degree of permissible excursion is related to the magnitude of the threshold limit value of a particular substance as given in Appendix D. The relationship between threshold limit and permissible excursion is a rule of thumb and in certain eases may not apply. The amount by which threshold limits may be exceeded for short periods without injury to health depends upon a number of factors such as the nature of the contaminant, whether very high concentrations - even for short periods - produce acute poisoning, whether the ef fects arc cumulative, the frequency with which high con centrations occur, and the duration of such periods. All factors must be taken into consideration in arriving at deci sion as to whether a hazardous condition exists. Threshold limits arc based on the best available informa tion from industrial experience, from experimental human and animal studies, and, when possible, from a combination of the thi-ce. The oasis on which the values arc established may differ from substance to substance; protection against impairment of health may oc a guiding factor for some, whereas reasonable freedom from irritation, narcosis, nui sance or other forms of stress may form the basis for others. The amount and nature of the information available for establishing a TLV varies from substance to substance; con sequently, the precision of the estimated TLV is also sub ject to variation and the latest Documentation should be consulted in order to assess the extent of the data available for a given substance. The committee holds to the opinion that limits based on physical irritation should be considered no less binding than those based on physical impairment. There is increasing evi dence that physical irTitalinn may initiate, promote or ac celerate physical impairment through interaction with other chemical or biologic agents. In spite of the fact that serious Injury Is not believed likely as a rekult of exposure to the threshold limit conceit- lr.ilinns, lire best practice is In maintain com'miration', of nil atmospheric contaminants as low as is prnUi< al. These limits arc intended for use in th>: pr;u lice of indus trial hygiene and should he interpreted and applied only by a person trained in this discipline. They arc not intended for use, or for modification for use, (I) as a relative index of hazard or toxicity, (2) in the evaluation of air pollution nuisances, (3) in estimating the toxic potential of continu ous, uninterrupted exposures, (4) as proof or disproof of an existing disease or physical condition, or (5) for adoption by countries whose working conditions differ from those in the United States of America and where substances and processes differ. Ceiling vs Time-Weighted Average Limits, Although the time-weighted average concentration provides the most sat isfactory, practical way of monitoring airhornc agents for compliance with the limits, there arc certain substances for which it is inappropriate. In the latter group are substances which arc predominantly fast acting and whose threshold limit is more appropriately based on this particular re sponse. Substances with this type of response arc best con trolled by a ceiling "C" limit that should not be exceeded. It is implicit in these definitions that the manner of sam pling to determine compliance with the limits for each group must differ; a single brief sample, that is applicable to a "C" limit, is not appropriate to the time-weighted limit; here, a sufficient number of samples arc needed to permit a time-weighted average concentration throughout a com plete cycle of operations or throughout the work shift. Whereas the ceiling limit places a definite boundary which concentrations should not be permitted to exceed, the time-weighted average limit requires an explicit limit to the excursions that arc permissible above the listed values. The magnitude of these excursions may be pegged to the magnitude of the threshold limit by an appropriate factor shown in Appendix D. It should be noted that the same factors arc used by the Committee in making a judgment whether to include or exclude a substance tor a "C" iisting. "Skin"Notation. Listed substances followed by the des ignation "Skin" refer to the potential contribution to the overall exposure by the cutaneous route including mucous membranes and eye, cither by airborne, or more par ticularly, by direct contact with the substance. Vehicles can alter skin absorption. This attention-calling designation is intended to suggest appropriate measures for the prevention of cutaneous absorption so that the threshold limit :s not invalidated. Mixtures. Special consideration should be give.; also the application of the TLVs in assessing the health hazjrds which may be associated with exposure to mixture.- of two or more substances. A brief discussion of oasic considera tions involved in developing threshold limit value- for mix tures., and methods for their development, amplified by specific examples arc given in Appendix C. Nuisance Particulates. In contrast to fibrogmic dusts which cause scar tissue to be formed in lungs when inhaled in excessive amounts, so-called "nuisance" dusts have a long history of little adverse effect on lungs and do not produce significant organic disease or toxic effect when exposures arc kept under reasonable control. The nuisance dusts have also been called (biologically) "inert" dusts, but the latter term is inappropriate to (he extent that there is no dust which docs not evoke some cellular response in the lung when Inhaled hv sufficient amount. However, the hi ng-t issue reaction caused by inhalation of nuisance dusts has the Aar**' lOi/OCCWAnONU MAXAIDS $1 toll.hmh,-. ili.it.ulviishcs: l)Thc archilccturc or Ihc air centration of Ihc asphyxiant. Specific example-, at-; li-.*eel in ep.UTs ran.ims inl.ul. 2) Collagen (scar (issue) is not Appendix F. formed to a significant extent, 3) The tissue reaction if Physical Factors. It is recognized that such filrynil fac potentially tevetsiWe. tors as heat, ultraviolet and ionizing, radiation, humidify, F.xcossivr concentrations of nuisance dusts in Ihc work abnormal pressure (altitude) and Ihc like may pl.u- added room air may seriously reduce visibility (iron oxide), may stress on the body so that the effects from r-;rc at a cause unpleasant deposits in the eyes, cars and nasal pas threshold limit may he altered. Mo t of tin-'- \tr< <'. act sages (fort la ml Cement dust), or cause injury to Ihc skin or adversely to increase Ihc toxic response of a Mih .i.inc . Al mucous membranes by chemical or mechanical action per though most threshold limits have built-in safety factors to sc or hy Ihc rigorous skin cleansing procedures necessary guard against adverse effects In moderate deviations from for their removal. normal environments, the safely factors of most substances A threshold limit of lOing/m*. or 30 mppcf, of total . arc not of such a magnitude as to take care of g.rocs devia dust < 1% quartz is recommended for substances in these tions. For example, continuous work at temperatures about categories and for which no specific threshold limits have t. 90F for overtime extending the workweek more than 25% hern assigned. This limit, for a normal workday, docs not might be considered gross deviations. In such instances apply to brief exposures at higher concentrations. Neither judgment must be exercised in the proper adju-.imsnts of docs it apply to those substances which may cause physiol the threshold limit values. ogic impairment at lower concentrations hut for which a "Notice of Intent." At the beginning of each year, pro threshold limit has not yet been adopted. Some nuisance posed actions of the Committee for the forthcoming year particulates arc given in Appendix li. arc issued in the form of a "Notice of Intended Changes." Simple Asphyxiants - "Inert" Gases or Vapors. A This Notice provides not only an opportunity for comment, number of gases and vapors, when present in high concen but solicits suggestions of substances to be added to the list. trations in air, act primarily ns simple asphyxiants without' The suggestions should be accompanied by substantiating other significant physiologic effects. `A TLV may not be evidence. The list of Intended Changes follows the Adopted recommended for each simple asphyxiant because the limit Values in the TLV booklet. ing factor is the available oxygen. The minimal oxygen con Legal Status. By publication in the Federal Register tent should he 18 percent by volume under normal atmo (Vol. 36, No. 105, May 29, 1971) the Threshold Limit spheric pressure (equivalent to a partial pressure, p0} of Values arc now official federal standards for industrial air. 13S mm Hg). Atmospheres deficient in do not provide Reprint Permission. This publication may be reprinted adequate warning and most simple asphyxiants arc odorless. provided that writton permission is obtained from the Several simple asphyxiants present an explosion hazard. Secretary-Treasurer of the Conference and that it be pub Account should be taken of this factor in limiting the con lished in its entirety. ADOPTED VALUES Substance mm0' Abate Acetaldehyde Acetic acid C Acetic anhydride Acetone Acetonitrile 2-Aectyhminofluorene -- Skin, Acetylene Acetylene dichlorlde, tee 1, J- Pichloroethylene Acetylene tetrahromlda Acrolein '. Acrylamide - Skin Aerylonilrile -- Skin AIJrin - Skin Ally 1 alcohol - Skin Allyl chloride c Ally! plycidyl ether (AGE) Ally! propyl disulfide Altindi;m (Al,0 ) 4-AminnuiplieTiyr- Skin 2-Aminnctiianol, sec Ethinoinr.IlM 2-Aminopyridinc Ammonia Ammonium chloride, fume Ammonium sulfamate (Ammata) n-Amyl acetate .see-Amyl acetate Aniline -- Skin Anisiuine (o, p-isomers) - Skin Antimony & compounds (is Sb) ANTU (alpha naphthyl thiourea) , * Arpon Arsenic & compounds (as Aa) Arsine 1 i, Asphalt (petroleum) fumes Azmphos methyl -- Skin Barium (soluble compounds) c Benzene (benzol) - Skin Benzidine - Skin p-Benznqutnone, we Qulnone > Benzoyl peroxide Benzyl chloride Beryllium too 10 5 1,000 40 __ F 10 180 2S 20 2,400 70, A* - . ---- j1 ' 20 \ 2 1. (to) ' 2' 14 0.2S 0.3 45 0.2 > 3 $ <,,) E,. -- A1* ---- 0.5 2 25 18 -- 10 - 10 100 ' 525 125 S0 S 19 -- 1 0.5 ' -- -- F 0.5 --0.3 "-- ' 0.5 0.01 0.2 * , ' ' 5 0.2 \-- ? 0.5 . 21 M *"* I : r.- S * o.tto2 (In Alphabetic Order) , Substance PPrrfl! Biphenyl, see Diphenyl * Bismuth tclluridc Dismuth iclluride (te-doped) Boron oxide ' Doron trihromlde C Boron trifluoride Bromine Bromine pentafluoride Bromoform - Skin Butadiene (I, 3-butediene) 4 Butane Butancthiol, see Butyl mercepten 2-Butanonc 2-Dutoxy ethanol (Butyl CeOocohre) - Skin Butyl acetate (n-butyl acetate) scc-Uutyl acetate tcrt-Butyl acetate Butyl alcohol scc-llutyl alcohol tcrt-liutyl alcohol C Diitylaininc - Skin C tcrt-liutyl chromate (as CrOj) -- Skin n-Butyl giycidy! ether (BGE) Butyl mercaptan p-tcrt-ilutyltolucne Caumium (Metal dust end soluble setts) **C Cadmium oxide fume (M Cd) Calcium carbonate Calcium arsenate Calcium oxide ' , Camphor (Synthetic) Carbary! (Sevin*) Carbon black Carbon dioxide . , Carbon disulfide - Skin . Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride -- Skin' J Cellulose (paper fiber) Chlordane - Skin Chlorinated cemphene - Skin Chlorinated diphenyl oxide -- -- -- 1 l 0.1 0.1 0.5 1.000 500 -- 200 so ISO 200 200 10C i5C :oo 5 -- 50 O.d 1C -- -- -- -- -- --2 -- 5,000 20 50 1_0 .-- .. _ 10 5' 30 10 3 0.7 . 0.7 5 2.200 1,20_0 590 240 710 950 950 300 ~5C 300 .S 0.1 370 ..i 60 0.3 0.1 E 1 5 32 5 3.5 *0,000 60 55 65 E 0.5 0.5 0.5 It OCCUM'HMt MA2A805/Aevri . Substance ppma^ ntf/M-W Cl'lorltx* 13 Clili'tini* dioxide o.t 0.3 C C'lilorinc Itiflilc C Clili'rnacctaldrlirde 0.1 1 0.4 3 t - (.'htnroacctnphnutnf (plioiiacvlclilorldc) Chlorobenzene (mnnnrhtornlwflUM) 0.01 , 0-9 . 78 3S0 o-Clilorobrnrylitlcne malnnnnltrlle ((H UM) - Skin 0.01/ 0.4 Chlornhrniiioiurllinnr 300 / 1,080 2-t'hloro-l, 3-hutnilM'iff C'lilofitpri'nr -~ -- Chlorodipltrnyl (4)^ Chlorine) -- Skin ** ' 1 Chlorodlphcnyl (54% Chlorine) -- Skin -- 0.1 I-Clilnrn. 3. .4- epoxy-propane, M# I'pichlorhydrin ---- 2-Chlornrlhnnnl, cr Ethylene chluri'hvdrln ---- Chlorncthylene. see Vinyl chloride -- -- 4 Chloroform (trlchloromelhane) 25 120 l-l'hloro- 1-nitropropane 20 100 Chloropicrin 0.1 0.7 ' Chloroprcnc (2-chloro-l, 3-butadlene) r - Skin 25 Chromic acid nnd chromalei (a* CrOg) w . 90 0.1 Chromium, sol. chromic, chromona sails as Cr. Metal fi insol. salts A1* ,0.8. (i.o) Coal dost (bituminous) (Respirable dust fraction quarts) (If > 5% quart I ut* l \ , ,, respirable mass formulas) Coal tar pitch volatiles (bensene soluble fraction) >' -- ' ' / t *' * . 3 anthracene, RaP, phenanthreM, acridine, chrysene, pyrene) Cobalt, metal fume A dual A0WA , 0.3 -- . 0.1 . Copper fume ; --' 0.1 Dusts and Mists Corundum (AtjOj) --1 --E Cotton Dust (raw) Craf * herbicide -- ( I) -- 10 Cresol (all isomen) - Skin 5 32 Crotonaldchyde 26 Cumene - Skin Cyanide (as CN) -- Skin SO 24$ --S Cyanogen 10 -- Cyclohexane Cyclohcxanol 300 1.0SO so 200 Cyclohexanone SO 200 Cyclohexene 300 1,01 s Cydopentadicnc 2,4-0 DDT . DDVI', sec Dichlorvos 75 200 -- 10 -- 1' ---- Decaborane - Skin Demcton- - Skin . 0.0S 1 '-- 0.3 0.1 Diacctone alcohol (4-hydroxy- , 4-methyl- 2-pcntanone) 1, 2-Diaminocthane, see Etbylcncdiamine Diasinnn -- Skin - ' :so . _ _ 340 > _ 0.1 . Diasomelhane OJ 0.4 Diborane 0.1 0.1 1, 2-Dibromocthane (ethylene dibromide) - Skin Dibrom*^ 20 145 --3 2-N Dihutylaminoethanol -- Skin 2 14 Dihuiyl phosphate Dinutylphthalatc iS --s DicMoracctylcnc 0.1 0.4 o-Dichlorooenser.o SO 300 p-Dicniorr.oensene Dichi-iroben/idine - Sum 7S -- 4SA0l1h* Dichinrodifluoromctnsne 1,000 4,950 1, 3-Dithloro-5. 5-Dimethyl hydentoin - -- 0.3 1, l-Dichloroethane 300 330 1, 2-Dichloroethanc , ; SO i 300 1, 2-Dichlorocthylene 300 , 790 Dichloroclhyl ether -- Skin s . 30 Dichioromethane, see Methylene' , * chloride -- Dichloromonofluoromethane . 1,000 - 4,300 1, l-Dichloro-l-nltroethsne 1,2-Diehloropropane, see 10 1 <0 Propylenedlchloride '' -Y -- Dlchloroteltsnuoroethsne \ 1,000 7,000 Dichlorvos (DDVF) - Skin . ` . m 1 Dletdrht - Skin * `, 0.33 . Sulr.tnncn Dielliylamine 2". Dii lliylamiiinclhannl - Skin 10 Dielliyh-ne triaminc -- Skin Dietliyletlii-r, xi-e l-ithyl ether - Diflitorudihriimiimcthnne C Diplyciilyl etlirr (IKiK) too 0.5 Diliydrniyhrnzcnc, sec llydroqulnone 4 DiEolmlyl ketone 25 DiKupropylnminc - Skin Dimrlhoxymrlhanc, sec Mcthylsl 5 -- Dimethyl ncclamlde - Skin 10 Dlinelliylamlnc 4-Dlmclliylamlnoazuhenzcnc ' . Dime thyla in inn benzene, see Xytldcne 10 -- -- Dlmcthylanlllnc (N-<limethylanlllne) - Skin Dlmclhylhcnxenc, see Xylene s -- Dimethyl I, 2-dlbromo- 2-dlchloroetliyl phosphate, see Dlllrom -- Dimeihylformamidc -- Skin 10 3, ft-Dimcthyllicptanone, tee Diisoliutyl ketone -- 1, l-Dimcthylhydrar.ine -- Skin Dimcthylphthalatc OaS -- Dimcthylsulfale - Skin Dinitrohcnzcne (ell isomers) -- Skin . Dinitro-o-crcsol -- Skin (11 -- -- Dinitrotolucne -- Skin ** Dinxanc (Dicthylene dioxide) -- Skin Diphenyl - .100 0.2 Diphenyl amine -- Dlphcnylmcthane diisocyanate (Me Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI) Dipropylene glycol methyl ether -- / - Skin 4 Diquat too -- Di-sec, oclyl phthaltle (DM- ethylhexylphf halite Emery Endosulfan (Thiodan*) -- Skin Endrin - Skin 1 -- -- -- -- Epichlorhydrin -- Skin EPN - Skin s -- 1, 2-F.poxypropane, see Propylcneoxidc - 2. 3-Epoxy-1-propanol, see Glycidol - Ethane Etliancthioi, see Ethylmercaptin F - Ethannlaminc 3 4 2-Ethnxyethanol -- Skin 100 2-Etlioxycthylscetate (Cellotolve acetate) - Skin 100 Ethyl acetate 400 Ethyl acrylate -- Skin 25 Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) 1,000 Ethylorninc 10 Ethyl sec-amyl ketone (S-methyb3- hcplanonc) 25 Ethyl benzene too Ethyl hromide Ethyl butyl ketone (3*Heptenone) 200 SO Ethyl chloride 1,000 Ethyl ether 400 Ethyl formate 100 Ethyl mercaptan O.Si Ethyl silicate Ethylene :oo jr Ethylene cninrohydrin -- Skin 5 Ethy.cncuiainine SO Ethylene dibromide, see 1, 2-Dibromocthane -- Ethylene oichioride, see 1, 2-Dichlorocthanc _ C Ethylene glycol jinitrate and/or Nitroglycerin -- Skin 0.2d/ , Ethylene glycol monomethyt ether , acetate (Methyl cellosolve acetate) - Skin 4 Ethylene glycol, particulate 25 -- 4 Ethylene glycol, vapor 100 Ethylene imlne -- Skin o.s- - Ethylene oxide so Ethylidine chloride, Me 1, I* Dichloroethene -- . N-Ethylmorphollne - Skin 20 Ferbam _ Ferrovenedliim Out -- Ftoorlde (m F) - Blj/M^ 75 50 4 840 2.8 150 20 -- 35 l. A* -- 25 -- 30 -- 1 S (5) 1 0.2 1.5 360 1 10 -- *00 0.5 s E 0.1 0.1 19 O.S -- 6 370 540 1.400 too 1.900 18 130 435 390 2 30 2.600 3,200 300 35C 16 :s -- -- - 120 10 . 260 1 90 -- 94 10 1 2.S < .C. AefMf lfFJ/OCCUFATIONAl HAZARDS *3 Mitr.t.mc* mart***) * riimriur ;1 } HnowirU-hlfirnmefktM <' 1 ormiiilclivilr I'nrmie aehl l uifi.i.il - Skin I'urfnr'vl alcohol (a<nlinc 1,000 s 5 S (SO) 1,600 3 9 20 Ccrut.iniiim Irtrahydrlde (GnmilH) 0.0 0.0 Glass. fibrous'' or dint (ilvivilll nils! E _E Glyeidnl (2, .VCpoxy-l-propanol) so ISO Glycol monorlhyl ether, ace 2 rihnxyclhannl --. -- Graphite (Synthetic) (iiilhion *, arc Atinphoamethyl -- '1 -- E -- Gypsum Hafnium -- *E __ O.S llcliiim F Mcptachlor -- Skin -- O.S Heptane (n-hrptane) 300 3,000 llcxachlornclhanc -- Skin 1 10 llrvu'liloronnphthalen* -- Skin .. 0.2 Hcxannnroaectone 0,1 0.7 Hexane (n-hexanc) soo !,S00 2-1 Icxanone too 410 iirxono (Methyl isobutyl ketona) 100 410 sec-llexyl acetate llxilr.i/inc -- Skin so soo 1 I.S llxdrnpcn F Hyilmpen bromide C IIydror.cn chloride 3 10 $7 llydror.on cyanide -- Skin 10 11 1 ly.lror.cn fluoride 32 llydmprn peroxide Hydropen scion,dt 1 0.0 s 1.4 0.2 Hydropen sulfide liydroijuinone * 10 IS _2 Imlcnc c InJium snd compounds, SS In Iodine Iron oxide fume Iron rentaearhonyl }.. . , Iron salts, soluble, as F# Iso.miyl acetate Iso.imyl alcohol 10 -- 0.1 _ 0.01 -- 100 100 45 0.1 1 10 0.00 1 S2S 360 Isobutyl acetate ISO .700 Isohutyl alcohol Isophorone ' > 100 _ 300 _ Isopropyl acetate Isopropyl alcohol 250 - 400 950 980 Isopropylamlne 4 Isopropylcther s 12 350 1,050 Isopropyl glycidy! ether (IGE) Kaolin . SO _ 340 E Kctcne o.s 0.9 4 Lead, inorpanic compounds fumss 4 dusts Lead arsenate Limestone Lindane Lithium hydride -- . O.IS _ 0.IS _- _ E O.S _ 0.02 S L.P.G. (Liquefied petroleum (as) Mapnesite - Mapnrsium oxide fume Maiathion - Skin V >d Maleic anhydride c Mnnpancse and compounds, as kin Marbic v-.i? i *, Mercury (Alkyl compounds) - Skin. c.01 Mercury (All forms except alkyl) Mesityl oxide ~r VJ.Oii 25 too Methane Mcinancthiol, see Methyl mercaptan. F _ MciUi.xvc.ilo; I i Kii.o\ycth:.noi - Skin - io xVftVi.'iWIftwIwO, Methyl acetate Methyl acetylene (propyne) Methyl acctylene-propadiena mixture (MAIT) Methyl acrylate - Skin * Mclhylacrylonilrlle -- Skin Mcthylal (dlmethoxymethana) ' Methyl alcohol (methanol) Methylamlne Methyl amyl alcohol, aaa Mslli)l Isobutyl carblnot Methyl 2-cyanoacrylate Methyl Isoemyl ketorte 2$ 300 1,000 1,000 10 .1 1,000 200 10 '-- 2 100 0 610 1,650 1,800 35 3 S.100 260 12 - -- 47S Sulixtanen ppm*^ sna/M*6' Methyl (n aiuyl) ketone (2-lleplannne) Methyl hromhlc -- Skin 160 445 IS 60 Methyl Inityl ketone, see 2-llrxanonc -- ---, Methyl crllnsolvc - Skin tee 2-Mctlmxyelhanol -- Meilxyi crllnsolvc acetate -- Skin, see ! Ihytrue r.lycnl monomelhy! flier are laic 4r - - )' '-yl rh!i..-:,-1 1 or 210 f vl rhlorofi-rm 1,000 1' vlcyi'h'.nrxnnc 500 2.000 ' f vie yclohrxnnnl thylryrlidiexannne -- S* ' Icyclopcntftdirnyl r* ew 50 2 15 so 210 arluinyl (ns Mn) ? . 1 drmrlnn -- Sklr- --0.1 ' ilcthylkctonefMIK' " 2-Butenont - Mi t! e.' formate too 0.2 0.5 250 Mrif.vl iodide -- Skin 5 2* Methyl Isohutyl carhlnol -- Skin Methyl isohutyl ketone, ace Hexone 2--5 100 - Methyl isocyanate -- Skin 0.02 o.ol. Methyl mercaptan O.S 1 Methyl methacrylate Methyl pnr.ithion -- Skin Methyl propyl ketone, see 2-Pentanone 10--0 -- 410 -0.2 C Methyl silicate C "Methylstyrene 5 .10 too 4K0 C Mclliylcne hisphenyl isocyenite (MDI) 0.02 , 0 2 ee Mctliylenc chloride (dichloromethane) (SOO) (l.740) Molybdenum (soluble compounds) (insoluble compounds) % -- 5 10 Monomethyl aniline -- Skin 29 C Monomethyl hydratltM -- Skin Morpholine -- Skin 0.2 20 0.35 70 Naphtha (coal tar) Naphthalene PNaphthyUmln* Neon 100 400 10 so,. A16 F-- Nickel cerbonyl 0.001 (A,o)0.007 Substance Nickel, metal and aotubte compounds (as Ni) Nicotine - Skin Nitric acid Nitric oxide ' p-Nitroanilinc - Skin Nitrohcnr.cnc -- Skin p-Nitrochlorobcnzene -- SMn 4-Nitrodiplicnyl f.rroethanc N<tropen C Nitrogen dioxide Nitropcn triflunrldc Nitroplyccrin -- Skin Nitromctiianc i-N.:r.Tpropane 2-i.i:ropri N-Nitrnsodi" >'-t lamina (dimethv !'! "oamina) - Skllt Nitror.'.lucnc - Skin Nitrr.*;j;hloromethana, two C'iiloropicrin Nitrous oxide Cctachloronaphthtlauu -- Skin Octane Cii mist, particulate . Oil mist, vapor Osmium tetroxide Oxahc acid Oxygen difluoridc hear Paraquat -- Skin Farathion - Skin Fcrlitc Pentaborane Pentachloronaphthslene - Skin Pcntachlorophenol - Skin Pcntacrylhritol Pentane 2-Pentnone Petchlotocthylene Perchloromcthyl mercaptan. . Parchloryl fluoride ppm*^ -- 2 25 1 1 -- 100 I5 10 0.2 100 25 25 i 0.5 s 30 6 $ 1,. A1- 310 _ 9 29*> 250 90 90 - AS 5 30 -T? _ - 0.1 40--0 .900, .. - 0.002 ; 0.05 0.1 --0.1 0.2 0.5 _ o.: - mppcf JO --0.005 -- 0.01 0.5 o.s r 500 1,500 200 700 100 670 O.t 0.8 3 14 D Suhvt.uwii ma/MJV IVirolruni Pistillate* (naphtha) I'hrim) .\kiii p.PIvnylcne diamine -- Skin Phenvl cllicr pnenr) rin m 1 erhrr-Piphrnvt mixture (Vgpot) nu n, li iliylcnr. are Styrene 5 . 1 1 _ 19 0.1 7 7 Phenyl glvrhlvl elhrr (POE) Phrmlhvdrarinr - Skin C Phrnt Ipliosphitt. . Plirnothi.i/lnr - Skin phi<\iliin (Mrviitphna*) -- Skin Phosgene (carbonyl chloride) 1 Phosphine Phosphoric ariil i 1 ., Phosphorus (yellow) Phosphorus penlarhlnrida Phosphorus pentasutfIda Phosphorus trichloride Phth.slic anhydride Picris- aeisl - Skin Piv.ti*' (2-Pivaiyt-i, 3-lndsndlone) Plaster of Paris Platinum (Soluble Salts) as Ft rolyehlorohiphcnylt, Sea I'hlorotliphenyls rolvirlrnniioroelhyleM d.compoettloft products Propane ? Pfopiolactonc Propargvl alcohol - Skin n-Propvl acetate Propyl alcohol n-Propv| nitrate Props lone dichloride (1, 2* Ojrhloropropane) . f * Propylene glycol monomethyl ether Propylene imine -- Skin Propvlcne oxide Propync. see Methylacetylene Pyretliriim Pyridine Ouinone . RDX -- Skin Rhodium, Metal fume 10 ' 9 O.Of _ ' Oal 0.9 0.1 a *_ -- --. -- F __ 1 200 200 25 75 100 2 100 _. _* 5 0.1 t 60 32 t < 0.21 S * 0.1 0.4 0.4 1 0.1 1 1 3 13 0.1 0.1 E 0.003 -- B1 A* 840 500 no 3S0 360 $ 240 S 15 0.4 t.S and dusts(as Rh) Soluble salts . -- 0.1 0.001 . Konnct 10 * Rosin Core Solder, pyrolyaia products (as formaldehyde) Kotcnone (commercial) Rouge -- 0.1 --5 --E Selenium compounds (as Se) -- 0.2 Selenium hexafluoride 0.09 0.4 Silicon 10 Silicon carbide E Silver, metal and soluble compounds Sodium flunroscetate (1080) - BMn Sodium hydroxide Starch i-- , !t -- i 0.01 0.0S 2 E Stihinc 0.1 O.S Stoddard solvent Strychnine 900 1,150 _ 0.18 Styrene (Monomer) (Phenyl ethylene) 100 420 +C Suhtiiivins (Proteolytic eneymee as ioo'/n pure crysteMnu , er/yme; .Sucrose -- 0.0008 --E Sulfur die.xidc s 13 Sulfur hexafluoride Sulfuric ucin 1,000 -- djOOO 1 Sulfur monochioriae t6 Sulfur pcntafluoride 0.099, 0.28 4- Sulfur tetrafiuoride 0.1 0.4 Sulfury! fluoride 5 20 Systox, see Derr.eton 2, 4. S 7 Tantalum -- 10 5 TE1JP - Skin 0,2 Teflon decomposition products B1 Tellurium -- 1 0.1 Tellurium hexaPiuorlda , . 0.09 0.3 TEPP - Skin C Terphenyls 1, J. 1,2-Tetrschloro-3, ./ 1 * 1 * * 0.08 *' i 2-dWuoroethane 800 , 4,170 . . 1,1, 2, 2-Tetrachloro-l, f# * 2-dlfluoroethene .' it It 3,3-TetrecMoroetlMM i 800 I e 4,w170 1 . . *SkM . ' `l ' Suli-.lanca ppm4/ Tclrachhiroclhylcnc, see IVreliloti,ethylene Tclrnehlorouirlh.-inc, sec Carbon tetrachloride Tclrachloronnplilhalcne -- Skin - Tclraclhyl lead (as I'h) -- Skin -- Telraliytlrnfuran Tclrainelhyl lead (as Ph) - Skin 900 -- Telramclhyl succinnnitrlle -- Skin 0.9 Tetranilrnmelhanc 1 Tclryl (2,4, 6-lrlnUrophenyl- mrtliylnltramlne) - Skin -- Thallium faoltihle compounds) -Skin (as 71) Thlram -- Tin (Inorganic compounds, except Soil and SnOj) as Sn Tin (organic compounda) -- Skin (a.v Sn) Tin oxide Titanium dioxide -- -- Toluene 100 Tolucitc-2,4-diisocyanile 0.02 o-Tnltiidinc Toxnplicne, see Chlorinated camphane 5 - Trlhulyl plitisphale -- 1,1, l-Tficlilorocthane, ate Methyl citlnroform _ 1,1, 2-Trichlnroethane -- Skin Trichloroethylene Tricltlnrcimclhane, ace Chloroform Trichlnronaphllialene -- Skin 10 too -- - 1, 2, 3-Trichloropropane 50 1,1,2-Trieliloro 1, 2, 2-trinunrocthanc i,ooo Triethylamine 25 Trifluoromonobromomathana 1,000 Trimelliyl benzene 25 2, 4, 6-Trinitrophenot, aaa Picric acid _ 2, 4, 6-Trinitrophenylmethyinltramlne, sec Tctryl \. .. Trinitrotoluene -- Skin , -- Trinrthocrcsyl phosphate -- Triphenyl phosphate -- Tungsten & compounda, as W Soluble Insoluble . ._ Turpentine too Uranium (natural) soluble 4k Insoluble compounds, as U Vanadium (VjOg), as V Oust I'time -- Vinyl acetate 10 Vinyl benzene, sea Styrene - Vinyl bromide 250 Vinyl chloride 900 Vinylcyanide, see Acrylonitrile -- Vinyl toluene 100 Warfarin -- Wood dust (nonallertenic) - Xylene (xylol) 100 Xylldino -- Skin a Yttrium Zinc chloride fume -- -- Zinc oxide fume Zirconium compounds (as Zr) - 0.100^ 890 HI o.i so"' 3 80 I.S 0.1 5 2 0.1 i: F. 375 0.14 22 5 45 535 -- S 300 7,600 100 6,:oc 120 _ _ 1.5 0.1 3 1 5 560 0.2 0.5 0.05 30 ' 1,100 770 480 0.1 S 435 J5 If * NOTES Capital letters refer to appendices * 1972 Addition Sec notice of intended changes + 1973 Addition ) Paris of vapgr or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 C and 760 mm. Hg. pressure, b) Approximate milligrams of substance per cubic meter of air. d) An atmospheric concentration of not more than 0.02 ppm, ot personal protection may be necessary to avoid headache. e) <5-7#im in diameter. f) As sampled by method that does not collect vapor. g) According to analytically determined composition. h) For control of general room sir, biologic monitoring Is essential for personnel control. RudlOMCtivity: For permissible concentrations of radioisotopes ir. alr, ea U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Stan dard* Handbook ft, "Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and e | Maximum IVrmis-ihlr t'oiurnt t.ilioii* of Itndiniuu'tidi's In Air anil In W.aliT fur IVrupatli'iul I xpmiire," June 5. I960. Also, ace U.S. 1 Department of Commerce, Nalion.nl Iturrnu of Standards, Hand* f Nml JO, "frmilulWr Hone from Mxlrrnal Sourer* of Ionizing Kadi' Mina," StNoaV't* 1*. I*M, anil aililrmlum of April 15, 1958. A report. Katie Kaillallon I'rolrellon Criteria, published by the Nation al Committee on Radiation I'rotecllon, rcvlara and modrrnlr.es the concept of Ibe NCRPatandarda of 1954, 1957 and l9S8;ohlalnabl# a* NCRP Rapt. No. 39, P.O. Do* 9**7, Waahlniton, D.C. 2000*. Substance MINERAL DUSTS RU.p.c.f,V SILICA Cflatoballta, CrystaDIn* Amorphous, Indudln* natural dlatomacaou* aarth Quart! U*o one-half th* value caleulaleil from th* couni or mas* formula* for quart*. 20 TLV In nyipef: i i % quartz + 10 TLV for rc*pirable dust In mr/m ; 10 mr/m3*^ % Kcapirntilc quartz 4- i TLV for "total dust,* respirable and non- respirablc: 30 mt/m} % quartz a 3 Silica, fused THdymite Use quartz formulae. Use on*-half th* valu* calculated from formula* for quartx. SILICATES (< 1 % quartz) * Asbestos, all types Mica Perlite Portland Cement Soapstone Talc (non-asbestiform) Talc (fibrous) use asbestos limit Tremolile (sec Talc, fibrous) Graphite (natural) _ 20 30 30 20 30 _ -- IS `See Notice of Intended Changes for Mineral Dusts. NUISANCE PARTICULATES (see Appendix E) 30 m.p.p.c.f. or 10 mg/m3 of total dust <1% quarts Conversion factors i mppcf X 35.3 = million particle* per cubic meter = particles per c.c. I) Millions of particles per cubic fool of air, based on impinger sample* counted by light-field technics. j) The percentage of quartz in the formula is the amount deter mined from airborne samples, except In those instance* In which other method* have been shown to be applicable. k) Both concentration and percent quarts for th* application of this limit arc to b* determined front th* fraction passing a aimselector with th* followfno characteristics: i A.roaynamic 1 Diameter (Atm) 1 (unit density sphere) <2 2.5 3.5 3.0 10 % passing selector 90 73 so 23 . 0 I) containing <1% quartz; If quartz content > 1%, use formula* for quartz. NOTICE OF INTENDED CHANGES (for 1973) These substances, with their corresponding values, comprise those for which either limit hss been proposed for th* first time, or for which a change In the "Adopted" listing has been proposed, | In both cases, the proposed limits should be considered trial limits that will remain In the listing for a period of at tout two yaara. If, after two ytara no v|d*nc* com.i to tight that quest torn th* appropr!st*n*ts of th* values hash', th* valuer -vtR b# reconsidered for the "Adopted" list. Documentation to available for each of these substances. Substance mgfM 'V 4 Baygnn -- 4 Caprolactam (2-Oxohaxamathyt.ntmln.) Dust -- Vnpor 4 Cnrhnfuran -- Skin Carbon Iclrahromlde Cesium hydroxide Catechol Chtorodiflunromethane 4 bis-Cliloromclliy| elher 5 -- 0.1 - '1 1,000 -- 4 Cliloromelhyl ether Chloropyrifo* (Uuraban*) -- Skill 4 o-Chlorotolocne n-Chlorost yrene Clopidol (Coyilcn*) 2-Chloro-6-(trielilnrnmethyl) -- -- so so -- ' pyridine (N-Serve*) Crufoniatc (Kuclene) 4 Cotton dust, raw -- -- -- 4 Cydolicxylamine Diryclopentadlcnyl Iron Diclhyl plillialale 3,5-Dinitro-o-ioluamlde (Zoslana ) 4 Dimethyl sulfate -- Skin 10 -- -- -- -- 4 IJiozane -- Skin so 4 Disyston -- Skin -- 4 Ethylidcnc norbornene Eormatnide 0.2 Furfuryl alcohol 1 5 4 Hexachlorocydopentadicne , *0.01 Isophoronc V.' '10 4 Manganese cydopenladlenyl tricarhnnyl (o* Mn) -- Skin -- 4 4-4'-Mcthylene bis (2-chloroanlline) - Skin 0.02 c Methylene bis (4-cycJohexylMi* * isocyanate) 0.01 4 Methylene chloride (Dlchloromathana) 2S0 Methylcthyl ketone peroxide C 0.2 Mineral wool fiber 4 Phorate (Thimet) -- Skin ,. -- Pidoram (Tordon) - , Potassium hydroxide -- 4 Silicon tclrahydride (Silane) Tricyclohcxyl tlnTiydroxide o.s (Plictran) Vinylidene chloride -- 10 4 Zinc atearate -- 0.5 1 25 0.03 1.4 2 4.5 3,300 . A* A1* 0.2 283 10 10 0.2m) 40 10 5 5, A5 -- 0.1 0.6 20 20 O.i Si 0.1 A3 0.11 890 I.S E 0.0$ 10 C2 0.7 5 40 E NOTES a) Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25C and 760 mm. Hg. pressure. b) Approximate milligrams of paniculate per cubic meter of eir. m) Lint free dust a* measured by the vertical-elutriator, cotton-dust sampler described in the Transactions of the National Conference on Cotton Dust. J.R. Lynch, pg. 33, May 20, 1970. Capital letters refer to Appendices. * 1972 Revision or Addition 1973 Revision or Addition CHANGES IN ADOPTED VALUES TENTATIVE LISTINGS All changes that era recommended are based or. oocu,Tier,red evidence which it'available from the .-hairman. Substance Cadmium oxide fum. Carbon dioxide bisChloroethyl ether Copper fume Iron Oxide fume Paraffin wax fum* Sodium hydroxide From To 0.1 >i;;,/in3 C 0.05 mj/m-1 Doc* .ici.tijion to permit TL v of I .',000 ppm provided certain stim ulated ntcdicai criteria are iyw .. C 15 ppm 5 ppm 0.1 mg/mt 0.2mg/m3 10 mg/m3 5mg/m3 1 mg/m3 2 mg/m3 2 mg/m3 C 2 mg/m* NOTICE OF INTENDED CHANGES MINERAL DUSTS Sto(Ntanea Aibaatot (AM typ*a) ' , TLV 5 flberr/mOs/tln length") A * Sill.'* flKtir Ttipnll ,, Hat- mpirahli- m.n\ formula for quart/. Use ri'ipiralilc mass format! fat quartz. f I) A* dclrrmlord hy the membrane filter method el 400-450 X magnification (4 mm ohjc-cllvr) phase contrast dlumlnstlon, Cnnrentrallont 5 fibcr*/ml hut not lo exceed 10, may be permitted for 15-mlnute pttlmh each hour up to (In tlmaa daily. * ' J Revision or Addition NOTICE OF INTENDED CHANGES APPENDIX A ' Carcinogens ta The Committee lints helou- those substance* In Industrial use that have proven carcinogenic In man or have Induced cancer In animals under experimental cnmlilinns. Present listing of those auhslanccs carcinogenic for man l.ilrs two forms, those for which a TLV has been assigned (la), and those for which environmental conditions have not been sufficiently defined to assign a TLV (lb). la. Human Carcinogens - Substances known to be occupational carcinogens with an assigned TLV: Asbestos, S flber*/cc^$/Jm In length: certain insoluble ehromsles, 0.1mg/nt1;Coal Ur pitch volatiles, 200 pph; Nickel carbonyl, I ppb. , lb. Human Carcinogens - Substances known to baoccupational carcinogens without an assigned TLV: 4-Aininoiliphenyl llenritline & its salts l.is l'hloromethyl ether C'hioromcthyl ether K'ta-Naphthylaminc 4-NilrnJiplienyl | | ; ', 1 Tor the substances in I b, no exposure or contact by any route, respiratory, skin or oral,as detected by the most sensitive methods, shall he permitted. "No exposure contact" meant hermitizing the process nr operation by the beat practicable engineering methods, and protecting the worker by proper equipment that will insure virtually no contact or entry of the carcinogen by any route. ' , ; 2. experimental Carcinogens -- Industrial substances found to be of high potency In inducing tumors under experimental conditions in animals: i j I ctyiac.iinofUiorcne Pichlorobcnsidinc 4-l)imcthylaminoazobcnzen* Dimethyl sulfate Fthylcnimine 4.4'-Methylene bis (2-Chloroanillne) N-Nitrosodimcthylamine bcta-Propiolactonc I j | ! For the above, worker exposure by all routes should be reduced o a minimum in light of the warning of the potency of these ubstanccs to induce tumors in animals. "Reduced to a minimum" leans extraordinary care shall be taken both In manufacture and In tndiing to that worker exposure by all routes is kept to sn reducible minimum. APPENDIX B t'olytctrafluorocthylcnc * Decomposition products. Thermal decomposition of the fluorocarbon chain In air leads to the formation of oxidi/cd produces containing carbon, fluorine and osy.'i-n. because these products decompose in part by hydro lysis in aUaline solum,n, they can be quantitatively determined Ir, air as fluoride to provide an index of exposure. No TLV is recommended pending determination of the toxicity of the products, but ;.:r concentrations should be minimal. * Gasoline and/or /ctrolcum Distillates. Tnc composition of these materials varies greatly and thus a single TLV for all types of tr.c'C materials is no longer applicable. In general, the aromatic hydrocaroon content will determine what TLV applies. Conse quently the content of benzene, other aromatics and additives should be determined to arrive at the appropriate TLV (Elkina, et el. A.I.H.A.J. 24: 99. 1963). rede Nemes: Algoflon, Fluon, Helon, Teflon, Tetren APPENDIX C THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES FOR MIXTURES Vhen two or more hgzirdous aubstences are present, their corn ed effect, rather than that of either Individually, should be given -nary, consideration. In the absence of Informillon lo the eony, the effects of Ihe different hazard* ahould be conaMetad aa lllv*. Thai la. If tha aum of th# following fraction*, exceed* unity, then the threshold limll of the misting stmnM be considered as bring exceeded. Cj indicates the tiliv rved atm>.-pl-er* Ic concentration, and T( the corresponding threshold Inm! r.-c Lxamplc |A.a. and lA.c.). Exceptions to the above rule may he made when there is good reason to believe that the chief effects of the different harmful auhslancea are nol In facl additive, but Imlrprnrlrnt as when purely local effect* on different organ* of the body arc produced by the various components of the mixture. In such cases the threshold limit ordinarily la exceeded only when al least one member of the series Itself has a value exceeding unity (See Example I A.c.). Antagonistic action nr potentiation may occur with some combi nations of atmospheric contaminants. Such caw. at pri-vnt must be determined individually. I'otcntialing or ant.-igoniuir r>f are riot necessarily harmful by themselves. Potentiating effects of cx,-.o-ure to such agents hy routes other than that of inhalation is ai-.n pnv,Ihle, c.g. imbibed alcohol and Inhaled narcotic (trichloroethylene). Potentiation is characteristically exhibited at high concentrations, less probably at low. When a given operation or process characteristically emits num ber of harmful dusts, fumes, vapors nr gases, it will frc'ti.ec.ily ` c only feasible to attempt to evaluate the hazard by measurement of a ainglc substance. In such eases, the threshold limit used for mu substance should be reduced by a suitable factor, the magnitude of which will depend on the number, toxicity and relative quantity of the other contaminants ordinarily present. Examples of processes which are typically associated with two o.more harmful atmospheric contaminants are welding, automobile repair, blasting, painting, lacquering, certain foundry operatlona, diesel exhausts, etc. (Example 2 in I A.a.). THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES FOR MIXTURES EXAMPLES l(L*- General case, where air is analyzed for each component: a. Additive effects. (Note: It Is essential that the atmosphere be analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively for each component present, in order to evaluate compliance or ' noncompliance with this calculated TLV.) Ci Cj Ci *T7 ''TjTj + = 1 Example No, It Air contains S ppm of carbon tetrachloride (TLV * 10 ppm) 20 ppm of ethylene dichloride (TLV * SO , ppm) and 10 ppm of ethylene dibromide (TLV * 25 ppm) Atmospheric concentration of mixture * 5 20 10 * 35 ppm of mixture S 20 10 25 20 20 10* SO* 25 * SO " '-3 Threshold Limit is exceeded. Furthermore, the TLV of this mixture may be calculated by reducing the total fraction to 1.0; l.e. TLV of mixture -'TMy-27 ppm Example No. 2: Air contains 200 ppm of hcxar.c (7LV = 500 ppm) 100 ppm of methylene ch.oridc (TLV - 500 ppm) unci 20 ppm of perchtoroethyicnc (TLV = 100 ppm) Atmospheric concentration of mix:ure = 200 v 100 20* 320 ppm of mixture 200 100 20 200'* 100* 100 400 500 * 500 + 100 ---------500 " 500 = o i Threshold Limit to not exceeded. The TLV of this mixture * 320 0.8" 400 PPm I (Lb. Special case when the source of contaminant is e liquid mix ture end the atmospheric composition to assumed to be simi lar to that of the original material; e.g. on a lime weighted - average exposure basis, all of th* liquid (solvent) mixture eventually evaporates. Additive effteli (approximate solution) 1, Th* percent composition (by weight) of lh* liquid mix- tur# la known, th* TLVe of th* constituents must be lis ted In mg/m1, G . \ i. I`i r f,` , i.iln.it, . .imi'llin. r with this VI. I', field inxtriimriitt should he calibrated, In the laboratory, for respontr in this specific quantitative and tttraUtaHve air- vapor mixture, and aim to fraetlrmalrrmcentretions of thli mix biff; r.g.,7 II Ihr Tl.V; 1/10 the TLV; 2 X the TtVi 10 X the TLV; tie.) TLV ormlilm _______ I Tt!\74TC^4'Tfev5*-*,Tr^ TtWiple No. I: Liquid nohtiil contains (by weight) SOft hptlM (TLV JOOO mg/m*K30ft methylene chloride (TLV * |?40 m*/w*) soft perchloroethylene (TLV 470 mg/m>) TLV of mixture * __ ________ I <V5 0.3 0.7 " 2000* 17404 070 !________________________ .OOOJJ .00017 .0003 * .00072" I 1390 mg/m* Of this mixture: softer 69s mg/m* Is heptane, 30ft or 417 mg/m* Is methylene chloride and 20ft or 2?g mg/m* ll perchlorocthyicne These values can be converted to ppm as follows: heptane -- 2000 nig/m* * S00 ppm I mg/m* * 0.25 ppm 695 mg/m* 174 ppm methylene chloride - 1740 mg/m* * 500 ppm I mg/m* * 0.287 ppm 417 mg/m* "119 ppm perchlorocthyicne 670 mg/m* * 100 ppm I mg/m* * 0.1 S ppm 27* mg/m* * 42 ppm The TLV of this mixture = 174 119 + 42 * 335 ppm. 4. Independent effects. Air contains 0.15 mg/m* of lead (TLV,0.2) and 0.7 m(/m* of sulfuric acid (TLV,|). MS 0. 1.10*0.75: | *0.7 Threshold limit is not exceeded. 1B.S. General Exact Solution for Mixtures of N Components With Additive Effects and Different Vapor Pressures. (*)C, +C2 + ...4Q, TT'.: . (2. l) T^-+%-+. v. e%7 |, By the Law of Partial Pressures, (*) Cj 'ip,, and by Raouit's Law, (4) pj = F| p, Corr.h.r.c (3) and (4) to obtain (5) C. = ..F,p.. Comoinii.g (i), (2,1) ana (s). we obtain 2P20 FnPn (> and solving for T, t ' )f.. T -- Thrnlmlil I.mill V.iIhc in ppm. C - V|M*r comentriilion in ppm. p -- Vapor prrssnr>' of <>n,i|><1 in -.olulion. p -- Vapor pressure of pure component, F -- Mol fraction of component in solution, a - A constant of proportionality. Subscripts I, 2,... n relate the above quantities to compo nents I, 2,... n, respectively. Subscript I refers In an arbitrary component from 1 to n. Absence of subscript relates the quantity to the mixture. IB.b. Solution In be applied when there Is a reservoir of the solvent mixture whose composition docs not change appreciably by evaporation.' Exact Arithmetic Solution of Specific Mixture Solvent Mol. wl. Density TLV P 2SC Mol fr.n in ll.llf-.md- half Solution by volume Trichloroelhylene(l) 131.4 1.46 g/ml 100 73mm Hg 0.527 Methylchloro form (1) 133.42 1.33 g/ml 350 125mm Hg 0.473 F|P|S (0.527) (73)* 38.2 Fj P2 = (0.473) (125) * 59.2 ____ 38.2 59.2 (97.4) (350) tlv *-3m ~5q'.2 "nrr-Tv.r! 100 4 350 (97.4) (350) 5--i.tr z * 177 TLV* 177 ppm (Note difference in TLV when account is taken of vapor pressure and mol fraction In comparison with the above sample where such account is not taken.) 2. A mixture of one part of (I) paratMon (TLV, 0.1) and two parts of (2) EPN (TLV, 0.5). c,*ac, Cm " 3C, Tm *~Y"* 0.21 mg/m* 1C TLV for Mixtures of Mineral Dusts. For mixtures of biologically active mineral dusts the general I formula for mixtures may be used. For a mixture containing 80ft talc and 20ft quartz, the TLV forlOOft of the mixture it given by: TLV t --33-- * 8.4 mppcf ~2C~*2T~ Essentially the same result will be obtained if the lir.u: 0/ the more (most) toxic component Is used provided the effects are additive, in the above example the limit for 20% quartz Is 10 mppcf. For another mixture of 25% quartz, 25% amorphous silica and 50%talc: TLV * 0.2s' ~6?25~' 0~5~ *7.3 mppcf 2.5 4 20 4 20 The limit for 25ft quartz approximates 8 mppcf. APPENDIX D . PERMISSIBLE EXCURSIONS FOR TIMEWEIGHTED AVERAGE (TWA) LIMITS The Excursion TLV Factor In the Table automatically defines the magnitude of the permissible excursion above the limit for those , uHtancee not given a "C" designation! Le. the TWA limits. Exam- rl. s in the T.il>lc show flint nllrnltcn/rnc, |hr TI.V fur which It I PPm. should never he allmvrtl In exceed .1 ppm. Similarly, carbon tetrachloride, TLV |0 ppm, should never be allowed lo exceed 20 ppm. By contrast, those substances with a "C" dcslfnatlon are not subject to the excursion factor and must be kept below the TLV. These limiting excursions are to be considered to provide a "rule* of-thumh" guidance for listed atibstanees generally, end may not provide the most appropriate excursion for particular suhsiance. Efforts are being made to develop such specific excursions, when Indicated to be significantly different from that recommended by the present excursion factors* Substance Nitro benzene Carbon tetra chloride o-Dichlorobenzene Acetone Boron Trifluoride Butylsmine Styrene monomer TLV .* t 1 0 so 1000 Cl CS Cl 00 Excursion Factor Max. Cone. Permitted for short time ii ppm __ I a i.< i.a>. - ao as ia$o .1 5 100 For all substances: Excursion TLV >0-1 (ppm or mg/ms), Factor * 3 TLV >1-10 " " 2 TLV >10*100 " " 1.5 TLV >100-1000" " -1.2 5 BASIS FOR ASSIGNING LIMITING "C" VALUES By definition in the Preface, a listed value bearing a "C" designation refers to a "ceiling" value that should not be exceeded; all values should fluctuate below the listed value. This, In effect, makes the "C" designation a maximal allowable concentration (MAC). In general, the bases for assigning or'not assigning a "C" value rest on whether excursions of concentration above s proposed limit for periods up to IS minutes may result In a) intolerable irritation, b) chronic, or irreversible tissue change, or c) narcosis of sufficient degree to incresse accident proneness, Impair self-rescue or materially reduce work efficiency. APPENDIX E Some Nubuno Perticulatee' q) Alundum (Al3Oj) Calcium carbonate Cellulose (paper fiber) Portland Cement Corundum (AtjOj) Emery Class, fibrous^ or duet Glycerin Mist Graphite (synthetic) Gypsum Vegetable oil mists (except castor, cashew nut, or similar irritant oils) Kaolin Limestone Magnesite Marble Pcntaerythritol Plaster of Farit Rouge Silicon Carbide Starch Sucrose Tin Oxide Titanium Dioxide q) When toxic impurities are noi present, 04. quart! < 1% r) v S-7/Un in diameter APPENDIX F Some Simple Asphyxiants - "Inert" Gases end Vapors^ Acetylena ' Argon ; Butsna Ethans Ethylene 1 Hydrogen Methane Neon Nitrogen Nitrous Oxide PropCne , As defined under simple asphyxiants, M prefece. " ' .