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Paint Research Docaabcr, 1950 -10- #97 - SWP 471 At the Norsober meeting of the Trade Sales Technical Board, the Paint Research Department vas assigned the job of revising SW? Westchester Gray - Rex 477. It was reported that the dark grey vas showing more brush marks and flashing then the other tints. In the reformulation of this rex the oil content was increased to four pounds, end eight gallons (798) blow linseed oil were introduced, together with 1/2 gallon Rheotol and 1/8 gallon- Troykyd to improve the flow, gloss and body characteristics. The suggested formula is based on 1411 dry 25/75 leaded zinc in place of 412 dry 55/65 leaded zinc, which results in a higher zinc oxide content for better mildew resistance. The same raw material coat as the regular foraila was maintained ty decreasing the poundage of Ti03, since the hiding properties are higher than required for a dark gray. No titanium calcium pigment was introduced as expo sure tests have indicated bad fading (due to adherent chalk) in gray tints forxulated with this pigment. Several laboratory batches of SWP Gloss White bodied with Troykyd were checked for seeding tendencies after three months' stor age. We found no indications of seeding at this point. It was re ported that additions of Troykyd promoted a definite amount of seeding in the proposed new line of higher bodied oil colors. The house paint samples will be held for further storage and re-examined at some later date. During Mr. Yen Loo's visit to the Pacific Coast he discussed certain changes that might be made in Liquid Ozlo C 78 W 5 to improve the quality and reduce the cost. A few batches were made incorporating such ideas and a copy of the formulations were sent to Mr.. R. G. Lendls for his inspection. Formulation 659 P is identical with regular C7B W 3, card No. 2, except for the replacement of lithopone 461 H dry by titanium calcium 2132 dry. Formula 640 P has the same pigmentation as 639 P tait the vehicle is revised to on oil conservation type. Regular S-W Liquid Ozlo Card No. 2 Special S-W Liquid Ozlo Batch 639 P Special S-W Liquid Ozlo Batch 540 P Raw Material Cost PVC Hiding - Holley Units ZnO Content Stormer Viscosity Brushing $195.42 37.8$ 17,362 30.4$ 86 KU Very good Gloss Good $186.10 57.8$ 17,349 33.2$ 87 KU Vary good Good - $197.32 36.5$ 17,349 33.2$ 87 KU Slightly more feel than regular. Very good 0007-SWP-044355 Paint Research Decanter, 1960 -11- #97 - Cont. In the two revisions 6SS P end 640 P, the titanium dioxide is introduced as free chalking anatase 1405 dry, as in the case of the present formula. It may be better to use a slower chalking type of TiO;. such as Ti-Pure I or Titenox AA in the cleaner areas on the Pacific Coast to decrease erosion. Vs have included in our own tests at Chicago and Florida variations using Ti-Cal R 60 or Titanox RC as the titanium calcium, although this combination with Titanox AA might retard the development of chalk too much. However, Titenox RC should be used in the tint bases. Obviously, at the moment replacement of lithopone ty titanium calcium is not in keeping with current pigment availability, but tha move should be made as Boon as conditions permit. Resin Research submitted two linseed-latex vehicles, RC 7482 and RC 7483 for test in SWF. Both oils contain approximately 11* of Dev Latex 744 dispersed in air blow alkali refined linseed. RC 7482 RC 7485 Resin Oil Body Height per Gal. A. V. Color Solids Dow Latex 744 Air blown (44) 47* 8.40 Approx. 1.5 Hot dear loose Dow Latex 744 Air blown (44) 60" 8.43 Approx. 1.5 Not dear 100* The Dow brochure on Latex 744 indicated that a dispersion can be made with air blown oils. However, paints made with RC 7482 and RC 7483 were low in gloss and slower in diying than SWP. The paint made with 40* RC 7483 as the bodied oil showed a definite break in the film due to incompatibility with other vehicle components. The paint made with RC 7482 appears to be more compatible than RC 7483. It will be exposed this spring in SWP at Chicago and Florida. Viscosity #5 Drying Batch Characteristics Fresh 0 'Nitc Brush Flow Gloss Set O'Nite 573 F Rex 471 - UBlng (2) rnd (510) linseed vehicle 27" 31" Good Good Good 7 Hr. Good 10 Min. 574 P Using RC 7482 for (310) 40" 47" Good Good + Fair 8 Hr. Good 575 P Using RC 7483 for (310) 35" 39" Good Much Poor 9 Hr. Good too high 20 Kin. 0007-SWP-044356 0007-SWP-000113726 Paint Research December, 1950 -12- #97 - Cont. Panels 15210-27 CS, CN and F were prepared for exposure south and north vertical at Chicago and south vertical in Florida, The group compares SW? Gloss White Rax 471 and SWP Fume Resisting White Rex 436 against Pittsburgh's Titanic White 1-54, self-primed end with each top coat over both SWP Undercoater Rex 450 and Pittsburgh's White Primer 1-201. As special tests the paints were also applied as single coats. Supplementing this group, Rockford Paint Manufacturing Company's "Rockcote #794-BT (Breather Type)"was exposed in the seme manner. This point is said to "allow the moisture vapor to pass through the paint film rather than to peel it from the surface." House paint exposures examined during the month include the following series: 1.Exposures 7195-7208 F, C were examined after a full 6 years' exposure at Florida, vertical south, and $4 months at Chicago south. The purpose was to evaluate three mieae as to their effect on durability in Rex 471 SWP Gloss White of 1-22-43. The micas used included 1779 dry, a water-ground mica from English Mica Company which hod a 12? residue on c. 325-mesh screen; 2264 dry Alsibronz #12, which was supposed to be finer, 98? on 325-mesh, but which we have reason to believe was actually very dose to the 1779 sample in fineness; and CW 1581, Mineralite 3 X, a dry-ground mica probably finar than the others, but differing mainly in that it is a powder rather than a flake mica. Each mica was used at 3, 5, 7 and 10?, replacing 20 dry magnesium silicate. Pittsburgh's Sunproof White formula, a batch made up ty us using 5? 1779 dry.and Lehigh 635 leaded zinc (mechanical bland), was also tested. All were on cedar bevel siding over Rax 450 Dndercoater. The results at both locations were surprisingly good for such long exposure. At Florida, there the typical failure is checking followed ty cracking, the mica tests showed definitely better films than the regular guide without mica. It was diffi cult to choose among the three micas, but 2264 seemed slightly best, and the 7 end 10? levels seemed preferable. At Chicago, there was serious erosion, followed ty cracking, but it was difficult to find a trend due to type or even quantity of mica. In many cases, the film failure with mica was definitely greater than without. Mica seemed to have little effect on dirt col lection at either location. The Pittsburg: sample looked rela tively good at ChicngD, especially on e#rly clean-up, but at Florida it was relatively dirty (possibly mildew) and checked seriously. 1 0007-SWP-044357 0007-SWP-000113727 Paint Research December, 1350 -13- #97 - Coat. 2. Exposures 10364-6 F, C werB examined after 46 months' exposure at Florida vertical south, and Chicago north and south, all on cedar bevel siding primed with Rex 450 Underconter shaded gray. The guide and basic formula is Rex 471 SUP doss White of 9-15-45, using 50/50? 1405 anatose/2173 rutile titanium oxides and 20 F magnesium silicate as extender. The tests cover tw special extenders, 2201 dry Metro-Hite HXXXX and Micro-Nlte. Micro-Hite is the seme as Metro-Hite except that it is very finely ground, about 20 to 25 microns or only 0.25? retained on a 400-mesh screen. The Florida panels all looked relatively good, except that rutile yallowing seemed to show up more on the guide than on the tests, Metro-Hite, and to a less extent Micro-Nite, shoved somewhat more checking and erosion than 20 F The past record showed both specials as more free chalking and slightly cleaner. The Chicago panels showed nothing as of 48 months, all being practically eroded away to the gray primer. The past record showed a trend toward most free chalking but not neces sarily least dirt on the guide, and favoring Metro-Hite slightly over Micro-Nite as to self-cleaning. In generel both extenders seam satisfactory but not particularly good, 3. Exposures 10618-26 F were examined after 36 monthb at Florida, vertical south. All panels were cedar bevel siding primed with Rex 450 SWP Undercoater shadod gray. The tests were substitu tions of hempseed oil and Kalvitol for the raw and bodied lin seed of regular Rex 471 SWP Gloss White of 1-19-45, aa follows. CVR-126 bodied hempBeed oil used with (2) raw linseed, also with AV-1001 alkali refined hempseed to give a IOC# haapseed vehicle. AV-1001 plus (310) bodied linseed. AV-1000 raw haapseed plus (310). Kelvitol, a "catalyzed linseed oil" from Speneer-Kellogg, used with (2). Florida tests showed all the above special vehicles as equiva lent to the regular 100? linseed in durability and appearance. The 100? hempseed vehicle happened to be on a board of inferior quality, but the failure actually was less on the test section than on the fuide. Clean-up was uniformly good on nil tests. Chicago results south exposure only) at nearly four years agree very closely with the Florida results, the only possible exception being a trend tovard erosion with Kelvitol, 0007-SWP-044358 0007-SWP-000113728 -Feint Research December, 1950 -14- #97 - Coni. 5# Cent* A supplementary test covers the use of Kelvitol in Rex 462 SWP Cream of early 1945, vith the regular formula as guide. Here the Kelvitol seems satisfactory, but a little better in clean-up at the expense of greater fading. 4. Panels 13802-3 F were reported on after 12 months' exposure at Florida vertical south, vith comment on Chicago panelb north and south at 9 months. The test involved regular Rex 471 SUP Gloss White, card 51, oil linseed vehicle, tested against the same formula with two petroleum drying oils substituted for the raw and bodied linseed. These were #126-90 end #126-88 from the Sinclair Refining Company Research and Development Department at Harvey, Illinois. Neither oil was heat bodied. Both paints were applied over regular Rex 450 Undercoatar on cedar bevel siding panels. The paint containing these oils was very slow in throughdrying but otherwise quite similar to the regular in character istics observed in the laboratory. On exposure considerable checking and some cracking developed at both locations as against none for the regular. Considering all locations, results on gloss and dirt retention were indeterminate but the special was no more than slightly inferior. The tests will continue on expo sure. As of the present our opinion is that the oils leave much to be desired in the way of drying and durability but they seen considerably more durable than several petroleum drying oils tested in the past. 5. Panels 14300-30 F were examined at 12 months' Florida exposure vertical south, cedar bevel aiding panels primed with Rex 450 Undercoater shaded gray. Various proprietary and other 3peciel oils were tested, the basic formic being Rex 471 SWP Gloss White, card 57. Identification of oils tested: AV 1100, AV 1101, AV 1141 - ?.E. Soya. Esters made with sodium catalyst, from Dr. Hunn. AVM 51 - P.E. Soya Eaters made with barium catalyst. Ardol - Archer-Oaniels-Midland modified soya. Regular and RC 4176 bodied by us.- ASV #4 - A.D.M. modified soya. Reguler end RC 4178 bodied by us. 75-5 - A.D.M. linseed cyclopentadiene copolymer. Supplied both at I and Z3 body. 1 0007-SWP-044359 0007-SWP-000113729 Paint Research December, 1950 -15- #97 - Cont. 5. Cont. Var - A.D.M. soya-linseed copolymer oil. Z3 as bodied oil, #70 as ligit. Drisoy - Spencer-Kellogg soya, supplied at A end Za bodies. Aliphat 17 B Ester R3C420S - General Mills. Aliphat 17 B Ester R3C4597 - " " The oils vere tested as follows: (a) as bodied oil portion (4056) of regular fonsula; (b) at 100J of binderj (c) at 40 or 50$ in a 3656 PVC special lcadleas-zincless fonsula using only 2030 semi-nonchalking titanium and CW 2747 Nytal 300 312 diy; and (d) same as (c) but PVC cut to 3056. It should be noted that not all of the oils were tested in all four categories, also that in some cases oils of normal body were used for the bodied oil portions. Only a few brief general statements are warranted at the present stage: (1) Regular fonsula tests, both (a) and (b), showed surpris ingly little variation in dirt, chalking and gloss. ADM 75-5, Var and ASV #4 tend to check. (2) Leadless-zincless formulas all unsatisfactory, the checking in most cases being actually cissing. No particular difference due to PVC change. (3) The reason for using the lecdless-zincless formulas was to determine whether one or more of these special oils might give good results comparable to those claimed ty du Pont in which "special soya-linseed vehicles" were UBed. They suggested that such vehicles might have a hardening effect similar to that of zinc, and copper and iron staining would be eliminated. In a supplementary part of this series, certain of the leadless-zincless paints were tested against the regular formulas on panels carrying copper and iron pieces (6 months, Chicago), and the few differences in staining found so far are slightly in favor of the regular. 0007-SWP-044360 0007-SWP-000113730 Paint Research November, 1950 -14- 7-jgyja The present SVP tlnti were reviewed to see what reduction could be made in titanium pigment content. For Rexes 478, 496, 465, 458 and 459 the four tint base variations listed below were submitted for Cleveland's consideration. Batch Titanium Used Costs Hiding Piement Vehicle Total Holler Units OJ 595 P Card No. 11 Rex 478 $113.24 $75.72 $186.96 157 pounds 2174 dry 17,892 OJ 596 P 506 pounds 140 dry 103.71 for 137 pounds 2174 75.72 179.43 17,884 OJ 597 P 115 pounds 2174 dry (10* less hiding) 107.89 75.72 183.61 16,068 OJ 598 P Same as 596 P but 8 gallons (798) end (5027) for (548) 105.71 76.89 180.60 17,884 In the case of Chelsea and Veatchester Greys we have not proposed the use of rutile titanium calcium as our exposure tests show bod fading due to a retention of chalk. The VestcheBter Gray was formu lated vdtth 25/75 oo-fumed leaded zinc in place of 55/65 leaded zinc so as to increase toe zinc oxide content for better mildew resistance. SVP Chelsea Grew - Rex 474 Batch Titanium Used Raw Material Coat Piement Vehicle Total OJ 600 P Rex 474 - Card 13 $113.24 137 pounds 2174 dry $76.70 -10.89.94 OJ 602 P 113 pounds 2174 dry *107.88 (10* lose biding) 76.70 184.58 OJ 605 P SVP Westchester Grsar - Rex 477 Rex 477 - Card 13 85 pounds 2174 dry $83.92 $77.41 $161.35 0J 606 P 70 pounds 2174 dTy (10* less hiding) 8 gals. (796) and (5027) for (348) 80.24 78.59 158.83 0007-SWP-044361 0007-SWP-000113731 Paint Research November, 1950 -15- - Cont. This work indicates that the use of eight gallons of lightly blown linseed (798) and Hi FlaSi Mineral Spirits (5027) for (548) regu lar mineral spirits improves the gloss, flow and wet edge time. Ve believe the improved performance obtained by this replacement would warrant the slightly higher cost. Due to the predicted shortage of naphthenate driers, an investigation has been under way to check the conp&rative performance of tallate and naphthenate lead driers in SUP. Approximately three years ago a series of paints were prepared to check the granulation tendencies of lead naphthenates such e-B (4090) and (4230) and lead tallate (2213) in the pre-war and bodied oil formulations for SUP. The paints were placed in storage for 40 months at approximately 85 F. and they were then examined for granulation. As indicated by the data, the tallate lead drier exhibited less seeding throughout the paste of the bodied oil formulation, whereas the pre-war SUP was completely seeded and granulated when the tallate drier was used. Previous experience had shown that tallates have a tendency to granulate more than naphthenates twt evidently these tendencies are greatly reduced in the bo lied oil formulation due to the bodied oil and the higher dilution with thinners. Granulation Tests on SUP Gloss Vhite Bodied Oil Formulation of 6-15-46 Granulation Tendencies Batch Driers 6 Mo. 12 Mo. 20 Mo. 51 Mo. 40 Mo. OJ 913 K (4230) O.K. (543) O.K. Slight* Sligit* Trace of seeding, vehicle crust. OJ 914 K (4090) O.K. (543) Very slight Slight* Slight* Slight seeding, vehicle crust, small seeding throughout paste. OJ 915 K (2a3) O.K. (543) Pigment Pigment Definite Definite pigment crust, crust crust* pigment very fine seeding. crust* Small amount of soap formation on surface of pigment. (4230) Lead Naphthenate (10$ metal) (543) Manganese Linoleate (1.2$ metal) (4090) Lead Naphthenate (24$ metal) (2213) Lead Tallate (16$ metal) 0007-SWP-044 362 0007-SWP-000113732 Paint Research Novaaber, 1950 -16- #97 - Coni. Granulation' Teats on SUP Gloss Vhite Pro-War Fornulation of 4-6-42 Granulation Tendencies Batch Driers 6 Mo. -12 Mo, 20 Mo. 31 Mo. 40 Mo. 0J 916 K (4230) (543) O.K. O.K. 0JC. O.K. O.K, QJ 917 K (4090) (545) O.K. 0JC. OJC. O.K, 0JC. OJ 918 K (2213) (543) Very alight Bad Very bad V. V. bad Completely seeded The Resin Research Department baa sulmitted two F.E. esters of linseed and soya fatty acids for exposure teste in SWP. These oils vere compared with P.E. Soya Ester AV 1101 rod bodied linseed (310). The various paints are to be exposed at Chicago and Florida for durabil ity characteristics. RC 7463 RC 7470 Oil Soy Fatty Acids Linseed Fatty Acids (348) reduction Infinite Infinite Body 55" 55" Cure 93" - Vt/Gal. 8.19 8.12 A. V. 3.3 3.8 Color 9 16 Solids 100* 100* Brushing of the paints made with the regular linseed vehicle and with P.E. Soya Ester AV 1101 were good, rod very good with the Resin Re search esters. The first two showed good flow properties but the latter two were short. Gloss was good with the regular linseed vehicle, very slightly low with P.E. ester AV 1101, and slightly low with the Resin Research esters, Other characteristics follow: 0007-SWP-044363 0007-SWP-000113733 Paint Research November, 1950 -17- #97 - Cont. Properties of SVP Gloaa Whites Batch ViSQOBitv #5 SW at 750 F. Dwing Characteristics Vt./Gal. Fresh 0'Hite. Set-to-Touch O'Nlte OJ 541 P Rex 471, using (2), (510). RRB TiOg Test Formula. 14.36 25" 42" 6 hr. Good OJ 542 P Using (2), 14.53 AV 1101 - P.E. Soya Ester 25" 34" 6 hr. 5 min. Good + OJ 545 P Using (2), RC 7463 P.E. Ester of 807 Fatty Acids and Benzoic Add 14.33 16" 21" 6 hr. 30 min. Good + OJ 544 P Using (2), RC 7470 P.E. Ester of Linseed Fatty Adds and Benzoic Acid 14.33 16" 19.8" B hr. 15 min. Good A number of series of exposures were returned and examined during tbs month, among which were the following: 1. Two series of outdoor exposures on clear finishes were examined during the month. Series I, 14414-29 F, C was exposed six months at Florida and eight months at Chicago, 45 south, maple and white pine panels. Series II, 14795-14819 F, C was exposed three months at Florida and o-l/P months at Chicago, vertical south, bevel siding panels of cede-.' ana yellow pine. The Resin Research Department and Vamiah-Resin Lf.bocptory cooperated in planning the eerie 9. Space does not pemit the presentation of full details of composition or of results, especially since the majority of tests are not far enough advanced for definite conclusions on durability. In the following digest, it may be assumed that there is no difference in behavior due to the different woods or exposure locations unless specifically Stated. 0007-SWP-044364 0007-SWP-000113734 Paint Research November, 1950 <1*97 - Cont. -18- Series I. 6 and 8 months' exposure at 45, 3-coat self-primed work. A. Alkvda. Using a 75/25* (4100)/(4103) basic alkyd KLend and testing fungicides Nuodex 72,. Nuodex 136, Cunilate #40, Cunllate #40 A and copper phenolate. These ell showod good gloss retention and only moderate discoloration. Mildew and dirt were at a. minliman, considering the 46 closure. Although none showed nom&l checking or cracking, all showed a serious tendency to peel away from the edges of the white pine and maple panels, or from wood cracks. Copper phenolate was unsatisfactory because of the green color. B. Rexpar. Regular Rex 04, a 42 gallon tung-1Inseed-phenolic varnish, showed fair gloss and color and no failure, but some mildew at Florida. Blends of 100 gallons of Rexpar and 14 gallons of raw linaesd (2) or bodies linaeed (310), exposed for three months only, look good. C. Other Rexes. 0S401 phenolic (also plus Nuodex 72) was fair in color and gave good protection but loat gloss rapidly and was the only test to show typical checking. Rex 031 Floor Seal checked end cracked badly rod gave little pro tection. It became very dark, partly due to dirt. A 50/50 blend with (2) was somewhat better, but definitely not satisfactory. Rex 11110 Shingle Stain built up no film on the wood and gave no protection. Cabin ..h Exterior Finish, using (2325), (2985)A and (2841)G shoved good gloss and film integrity, txit was only fair in color end quite sus ceptible to dirt and mildew. Series IJ\ 5 and 3-1/2 months' exposure, vertical 2-coat self-primed work, unless specified. A, Gdod gloss, fair to good color,' essentially no film failure. little dirti P.E. phtholate - X 565 - (1273) varnish Ether rosin-Isolene-soya varnish Linseed-Epon vamiah Rex 04 Rexpar (3952)A Phenolic varnish Rex 021 Lin-X Clear Gloss (sli^itly below others in gloss end color). 0007-SWP-044365 0007-SWP-000113735 Point Research November, 1960 #97 - Cont. -19- B. Good except for appearance, as indicated: 75/25* (4100)/(4105), also plus Nuodex. Gloss good, seams dark on yellow pine (see Series I). Rex 044 Log Cabin Finish, with Floor Seal as primer. Low in gloss, rather dirty. Boydell's Log Cabin Finish with Fungicide Sealer. Cleon, bat color end gloss only fair. Lu c as V 12 Varnish self-primed, also over Lucas Sealer. Gloss fair to good, color fair, rather dirty. 03401 Phenolic, also plus Nuodex 72. Gloss end color slightly off, sligitly dirty. (4106) long oil alkyd. Color rather dark, mildew at both locations. C. Good in all respects, except tendency to peel at edges and at wood cracks: Ether resin-Isolene varnish. Ether resin-soya fatty acids (also with Nuodex 72). Ether TOSin-Isalcne-aaya varnish. Styrene-linseed (some panels O.K., no peel; includes & sample with Nuodex 72). Styrene-Aliphat varnish. D. Poof drying and gloss, bod mildew. Raw linseed (2) plus drier and bodied linseed (310) plus drier. These are clearly poorest of the series of dirt and mildew, with (510) in general a little better than (2). Both were made up with double the normal quantity of drier. (See also last month's report.) 0007--SWP-044366 0007-SWP-000113736 P fdnt Research November, 1350 -20- #97 - Coat. 2. A special study vas made of cooperative exposure tests carried out with the Titanium Pigment Corporation, consisting of their panels exposed vertical south and north at Sajrville, Long Island, end ours (numbered 10693-10754) exposed at Chicago north and south, and Florida and Coffayville south. Except for the Florida panels at 48 months, the time vas approximately 52 months. Paints ware made fcy T. P. end ty S-W and panels were prepared and exposed so as to evaluate the effects of: a. Geographical location, also north versus south exposure. b. Titanium pigment changes, mainly rutile versus anata.se and titanium-calcium versus "pure" TiOg pigsonts. Both whites and Colonial Tellova were tested, our formulas being based on Rex 471 end Rex 465 and theirs quite similar except for some less orthodox types. c. Pre-war (high oil) versus bodied oil vehicles. d. Self-priming versus undercoaters, which ware with and without sine oxids. a. White pine versus western red cedar. The Sayville panels were shipped to Chios#, and after all panels were very carefully rated, two discussion meetings were held: (a) with representatives of Titanium Pigment Corporation, end (b) with representatives of several institutional laboratory groups. Many suggestions from these two meetings were Incorporated into a full final report. Several Important conclusions relative to each of the above items were reached. This report is to be circulated soon to most laboratories and plant superintendents. Ve expect to be able to fill requests for copies from anyone interested who does not receive one, 3. Exposures 12018-58 F, C were examined after 30 months at Florida, vertical south, and 32 months at Chicago, north end south. All are on cedar bevel siding, primed with Rex 450 Undercoater. All test paints are based on the Rex 471 SWP Gloss White foxmula of 4-25-47, all linseed vehicle and all 1403 onatase titanium oxide, which is used as a guide. Florida tests were of little value in this case because all tests vary with the guides in dirt and chalking, indi cating that weathering conditions were not normal. Chicago tests seemed to show bona fide differences, but thqy were rather alight. 0007-SWP--044367 0007-SWP-000113737 Paint Research November, 1950 -21- #97 - Cont. 3. (Cont.) The following variations of (3516), 80/20$ sqya/chinawood, sake up the bulk of the test, being used as the usual 19 gallons or 40$ of bodied oil: Regular (3516) made with heat bodied (1273) soya and (140) CWO versus same made from Pittsburgh's SO-500 soya. (3516) made with kettle bodied soya (1275) and tung oil (140) as against same using kettle bodied SO-500. (5516) made with S02-C0s bodied (1273) ami kettle-bodied (140) versus S02-C02 bodied 30-500. (3516) made with (1273) heat bodied, (140) added end blown with SO,-CO2 versus same but starting with SO-500. The above tests are all used with 60$ (2) raw linseed oil. Also the regular (3316) and the (5516) baaed on SO-500 are tested in a formula with 10$ of light SO-500 replacing fart of the (Z). Results to this point, depending mainly on Chicago exposures, shoved all tests as somewhat more dirty than the guide. Some also show more erosion. It Is impossible to discover a treed for or against the use of SO-500. The following additional tests showed a tendency toward dirt* (2325) bodied Dehydrtl (also erosion), (48), 50/30/20 type used at 40$ with 50$ SO-500 and 50$ (2) and also used at 50$ with (2325) and the usual 60$ of (2), and (2351) blown soya. Other bodied oils were not equal to the guide, but still better than many of the above: (2351) used at 3 parts with one part each of Deftydrol and bodied CWO and four parts blown soya plus one part bodied CWO, 60/40$ AVM-13/AVM-14 F.E. soya esters and similar oils coded AVM-15/AVM-16 looked especially good at Florida, but only average at Chicago. Finally, a test of du Pont'a #40 Outside White known to contain "582 processed soya," gave indeterminate results, looking dirty and yellow in east at Florida, but equal to the average at Chicago. 0007-SWP-044368 0007-SWP-000113738 'Paint Research November, 1950 -22- #97 - Cont. 4. Panels 13496-13505 F, C were examined after 12 months at Florida, vertical south, and 13 months at Chicago, north and south. Several special oils were tested in Rex 471 SWP Gloss White of late 1947, all over Rex 450 Undercoater on cedar bevel, siding. A 10$ linseed regular formula as guide shoved up as slightly dirtier at Florida than the other S-V vehicles, which were: a., (3316) 50/50/20# linseed/soyc/chinawood bodied oil, samples of Chicago, Cleveland and Oakland production being used at 19 gallons with the usual 29-3/8 gallons of (2) raw linseed. t>. CVR-979 , 80/20% soya/chinavood oil made by the solvent pro cess, used in the Berne way. c. CVR-985, bodied safflower oil used at 19 gallons with 29-3/fl gallons of CW (2656) raw safflower. This was notice ably cleaner than any others at one year. ADM #65-1 chinawood-soyn used as only oil at 48-3/8 gallons, looked about the same es the S-V (3316) samples. An additional paint, Sta-Far One Coat Exterior Finish White, from the Siccya Soya Paint Company, Peoria, Illinois, looked very bad because af excessive dirt. The vehicle is described as "catalyzed soya bean oil 75%, thinners and driers 2Si.1' Chicago results show the Sta-Par as outstandingly dirty, also check ing on the self-primed test. Differences among the others are slight. The guide does not seem dirtier than (3316), ns at Florida, while the eafflower sample, though clean, ie not outstandingly so. & Exposures 13683-13702 F and 13968-85 F were examined recently after 12 months' exposure at Florida, vertical south. Ths two series are identical except that the former was painted in cool weather end the latter in warm weather. At the present stage, we notice some dif ferences, but not definitely attributable to the difference in paint ing conditions. The tests include regular IOC# linseed formulas of Rex 471 SWF Gloss White, Rex 459 Berkeley Fellow end Rex 473 Chelsea Gray against the following vehicle variations: AV-1123 bodied ?,E. soya ester for (310), also. Drisoy, D-F body. AV-HOO light P.E. soye ester plus AV-1123, or 10C# P.E. soya. Drisoy Z2 plus D-F, or 10C# Drisoy. 0007-SWP~044369 0007-SWP-000113739 Paint Research November, 1950 m - cont. -25- 5. (Cont.) Briefly, Florida results showed very few differences, and all tests wre quite satisfactory. The special tints sesmed a little less faded than the regulars (guides). In the case of the older "cool weather series," we had Chicago north and south readings up to 17 months, and these seemed to show some trends; however, all tests were still satisfactory except for serious dirt on the tintB on north exposure. There was a trend toward more dirt on the 1001 special formulas In white, tut in the tints the opposite seemed to be true. This was not verified ty the rather sketchy 9-month readings available on the other series. 100? P.E. soya ester seemed to be more faded in the fellows than 100 Drlsoy, but lees faded in the Grays. The former seemed a little cleaner. The Rex 471 tests showed no differences up to 9 months. 6. Series 15719-25 F, C were examined after 12 months' exposure at Florida, vertical south and 14 months at Chicago, north and south. These teBts are actually a sub-group put out to correct an error in series 12078-12120, testing lead pigsnt reactivity. All are 2-coat self-primed work on white pine bevel siding. The guide formula is Rex 471 SUP Gloss White using the regular 120 pounds of 18 dry BCVL, while one of the teats uses 9 dry basic sulfate. The latter seemed to show slightly more failure at Florida, tut not at Chicago. The special tests, with results to date, are as follows: (a) Using 15 pounds of National Lead Company's 45 X basic silicate white lead. Fully equal to guide, both locations. (b) Using 70 pounds of National's Tri-Base, a hydrous trlbasie lead sulfate of very high basicity with about 67% available basic lead oxide. At Florida this shows bad checking and cracking, also has a definite yellow cast and is dirty. At Chicago, it is similar to the guide except for slightly more free chalking. (c) Using 50 pounds of Tri-Base - Florida, Slightly better than 70 pounds, but definitely not satisfactory. Essentially same as preceding at Chicago. (d) Using 30 pounds of Tri-Base - Florida, only slightly more failure than guide. Chicago, equal to guide. (e) Using 15 pounds of Tri-Base - Essentially equal to guide at both locations. 0007-SWP-044370 0007-SWP-000113740 Point Besearch July, 1950 -21- m - SUP 471 A report has been prepared an R. R. Bruhn'e viBit to the du Pont, Tltaniun Pigment, and National Lend exposure farms and la being distributed herewith. One point of considerable interest was shown on the National Lead Company's exposures. Using four proprietary paints of undisclosed origin they abused each In a similar manner in the manner of applica tion. In every case where a drier addition was made the material shoved inter-coat peeling. This might serve as a lead on complaints of this type of failure. Reference was made in the June report to an investigation of two kettle batches of (510) bodied linseed oil in SVIP. (510) Lot 68 is mode using an S02 blow while Lot 69 is heat bodied without catalyst. Laboratory and plant batches of SUP doss White were made with each oil. The tests have indicated that the two oils are identical in general perfornence. It was reported last month that Lot 66 (blown with S0s) produced slightly higher viscosity in SWP than Lot 69. However, factory batches of SUP made with these oils are almost identical in nil respects. Wo can see no reason for not uaing an SO2 blow for (310) based on our tests to date. Factory Batch Bodied Oil Rex 471 - C 1940 B Lot 69 Rex 471 -- C 1940 C Lot 68 Viscosity - Si Orifice Vt./lal. Fresh 24 Hr. 11 Days ___ I.______ A. 28" 29-1/2" 55-1/2" 14.26 14.36 26" 50" 35" 14.26 14.25 Brushing - Very good. Flow - Good. Drying - Good. The Varnish-Rosin Laboratory has submitted gallon samples of two aan.ll kettle batches of safflower made without SOj and bodied to 50 and 52 seconds. These oils 'produced much lower viscosities than Lot 1 (59* body) or Lot 2 (54" body S0j blown) referred to in the June report. The Varnish Department will also cook an additional smell kettle batch using on 30g blow to determine the minimum time required to body this type of oil. Laboratory batches of SWP made with the 50 nnd 52. second oils compared as follows for viscosity: Batch 0J 518 P OJ 347 P Bodied Safflower 50" 52" Raw Oil (2) (2) Viscosity - 13 Fresh 24 Hr. 4 Days 26" 20.4" 28.2" - 30" 27" 0007-SWP-044371 0007-SWP-000113741 Paint Research July, 1950 -22- #97 - Coat. The batch of 52 second oil will be used in the preparation of exposure paints for house tests in Chicago and Clovaland. Some customer conplainta on thin body of SUP have boon reported tgr the Salee Department > An examination by the Chicago Tech nical Service Department of retained sanplce of Kaiaington production of SWP Gloss White node and passed from 3 to 12 months age shows a rather consistent tendency to thin in the package. In roccnt nonthe Kensington batches are passed at somewhat higher consistencies than standard to allow for some thinning. A general review of production of Rex 471 at the several plants drawn from Trade Soles Quality Control Laboratory reports shows that less than 20$ go thin, about 40$ hold within stand ard limits, end about 40$ increase in consistent. An examination of 30 Paint Research Rax 471 laboratory batches of Rex 471 made from a half year to a year ago, using a vide variety of oils, plgnents, ex tenders, etc., shows 31 holding viscosity well, 3 showed definite thinning end 4 showed definite increase in body. It was suggested that the stability of our laboratory batches may come from the fact they are not subjected to the relatively high tem peratures encountered in production. The first approach was to make a single batch of Rex 471 and store it under three conditions; (1) room temperature (75 - 85 F.), (2) 140 for 24 hours, balance at room tem perature, (3) stored at 140. The viscosity records to date c.ro as follows: SWP GIq bb White (Regular Card Mo. 61) Saonle 281 P Storage Temoornture 750 _ 850 y. Fresh 26.2" Viscositv - Orifice 24 Hr. 3 Days 8 Days 41.0" 53" 54.2" 30 Days 45" 281 PX First 24 hours at 140 F. Balance of time at 75 - 850 F. 26.2" 41.2" 53" 44.8" 281 PX-2 At 140 for 30 days. 26.2" - 40.6" 25.0" 54.0" The rapid early increase of all the batches followed by the rapid thinning up to B days of 281 FX-2 suggested that hect might cause the thinning action by promoting wetting. The subsequent increase sugr gests soap formation. Further work will be done after temperature charts have been tun on mixers, ground paste, and thinning tanks in the plant. 0007-SWP--044372 0007-SWP-000113742 Point Research July, 1950 -23- .197 - Cont. It is possible that none of the thin bodied palate on which customer complaints are received are batches which when freeh have a high, puffy consistency which night soon disappear through vetting on standing. If such batches were thinned imadi&tely to pass then within stcndard linits of viscosity, subsequent vetting night reduce the bodyfurther to unsatisfactory levels. A study is being made to determine whether an accelerated test con be run on production batches of SUP to predict the final viscosity and thus possibly avoid unnecessary initial additions. Teats will also be made incorporating agents such as Acto 450, Suade, lecithin, SP 1505, etc., to obtain better initial vetting. Vo will also do further work on puffing agents, including Troykyd 0V 640, Stymcr 1000 and a copolymer RC 6460-11 from Resin Research. Comparative gloss readings on a nunber of laboratory and plant batches are listed in the chart below, including Devos 547 Outside White, du Pont #40 Vhite and P.P.G. Titanic 0. W. House Paint. The gloss read ings below would indicate that some increase in gloss could be obtained on factory production by increasing the grind fron 2 H to 3 H. 60 Photovolt Gloss Readings - Bnusn faints Laboratory Batches Applied In Lab. .003" Brush-Out Draw-Down Applied Grind Outdoors Brush SWP Gloss Vhite Card 61 (OJ 145 P) One Coat House Paint Vhite CH 4697 (OJ 286 P) 70 65 71 85 -79 4 H SWP Gloss Vhite Card 61 (OJ 146 P) 60 74 64 3 H SWP Gloss Vhite Using 4-5/4# oil (OJ 289 P) 79 87 -- SUP Gloss White Using 4# oil (QJ 288 P) 74 78 -- SWP Gloss White Card 61 (OJ 287 P) Using 5-3/4# oil 56 76 61 3 H SWP Gloss white Card 61 (OJ 303 P) SWP Gloss Vhite Sp. (OJ 172 P) 15 gals. (510) - 33-1/2 gals. (798) Lowe Bros. House Paint (OJ 302 P) 71 76 72 79 61 81 - 3H -- - 4H 0007-SWP-044373 Paint Research July, 1950 -24- #97 - Cent. BO Photovolt Olose Readings - House Paints Production Samples Applied in Lab. *005" Brush-Out Draw-Down Applied Outdoors Grind Brush SVP doss White Rex 471 - C SO A 40 2K SUP doss White Rex 471 - C 60 A 62 - 1-1/2 H SWF doss White Rex 471 - C 100 C SWP does White Rex 471 - C 180 52 - 1-1/2 H 50 - 2 H Devoe 547 Outside White 74 71 - 4-1/2 H du Pont #40 White 41 38 - 0H P.P.G. Titanic O.W. House Paint 46 49 0H The Hockford Point Manufacturing Company, of Rockford, Illinois is advertising a new point called B-T House Point (Breather Type) which they claim corrects peeling prohLams. We have made c preliminary examina tion of this point and further work will be done to check their claims. The label analysis shown for this paint is as follows: Pigment - 64$ Vehicle - 36$ Pigment consists of: 35$ Carbonate White Lead 30$ Titanox - barium base 17$ Magnesium Silicate 20$ DiatooaceoU8 Silica Vehicle consists of: 32$ Raw Linseed Oil 8$ Trcatod Linseed Oil 60$ Reinforcing Vehicle 0007-SWP--044374 0007-SWP-000113744 Print Research July, 1950 -25- >97 - Cent. We have calculated an approximate formula baaed on the analysis and the paint solids of 05.1# as determined by this laboratory. The fol lowing relationship exists compared with SHPi No. 794 B-T Bouse Paint SWP Gloss White Rax 471 P.V.C. 43.2# 56# C.P.V.C. 51.5# 57.2# Excess Oil 8.3# 21.2# The Rockford paint is somewhat more sticky in brushing than SUP, which indicates a higher bodied oil. It dries to a low, very non-uniform sheen. The sample will be exposed at Chicago end Florida for durability characteristics. A sample of ISCO Trinity Superfine Talc #325 mesh talc was compared with magnesium silicate - 2C dry (Lot 6-27) and Nytal 300 312 dry in SVP. The Trinity Superfine Talc and 312 dry produced higher gloss and better flow than 20 dry. The grinding rate for XSCO Trinity Talc was slower than for the other two inerts but this probably could be improved by adjusting paste consistency. All paints were ground at the same mill adjustment. The overnight viscosity of the Nytal 300 batch is abnormally high as compared with 20 dry. Properties of SHF Gloss Whites Viscosity #3 Grinding Batch Characteristics Fresh O'Nite Grind Brush Flow Gloss Rate 522 ? 20 Dry Lot 6-27 Rea. .19# 0. A. - 32.2 Car No. 52100 24.2" 25" 2 H Std. Short SI. 9' 3" (Good) lower than std. 523 P ISOO Trinity Superfine Talc 32S Mesh Rea.-1.05 0. A.-37.2 29" 25.2" 2 H Std. Std. 10' 27" (Good) (Good) 324 P 312 Diy 0. A. - 36.9 Rea. - .05# 23.0" 30" 2H * " " S' 15" 0007-SVJP-O*4375 0007-SWP-000113745 Point Research July, 1950 -26- #97..^Sgati. Panola 12078 - 12120 C, ?, K were examined after 27 months at Chicago north and Bouth vertical and Coffeyvllle south, and 24 months at Florida, south. The plan of the series was to cower various lead pig ments in Rax 471 SHF doss Whits, with special Interest in the possibility of using lower poundages of some of those having a high PbO content (reactivity), such as the basic silicates and National Lead Company's Tri-Base. In addition to the 1947 regular formula with 12$ 18 dry Basic Carbonate White Lead end a Ti-3il type with no free lead pigment, the following are tested: (a) 18 dry at 9, 7, 5, 3 and 1-1/ 2%; (b) 9 dry Basic Silicate White Load, same percentages; (c) National's #355 and #111 carbonates, Tri-Base and basic silicate white lead at 7, 5, 3 end 1-1/22; (d) Eagle-Picher's basic silicate, same percentages. All are tested as 2-coat self-primed work cm white pine bevel siding, and one sample (72 lead level) of each material is tested over Rex 450 Undercoater. Wo expect to repeat these tests. Two conditions have reduced tbs expected value considerably: (a) the use of white pine as the only wood has resulted in variations which make analysis difficult, and (b). Tri-Base was left out of the self-primed tests due to on error in preparation; 122 9 dry and 1-1/22 National basic silicate were also involved. Florida tests show generally good durability. There are vari ations in claon-up and surface flaking, hit guide variations make the trends questionable. Coffeyvllle teats show considerable failure, but wide variations in the condition of the guides. This series in particu lar inclines us to the conclusion that the use of s "critical" wood is not practical.. The white pine was used as the result of a definite sug gestion ty Hr. D. W. Robertson, of Titanium Pigment Corporation, that ch a "critical" wood, having only fair paint-holding properties, waB necessary for a proper study of behavior where differences night be expected to be small. Chicago results show a fair range of failure due to erosion, but there are few definite trends. If all three locations are considered, there are many conflicting results, but three possible trends may be mentioned: a. Definitely better durability due to the use of Rex 450. b. Slightly better durability, but more dirt collection, with increasing lead content. No answer to the question of using lower percentages of the more reactive special pigments. o. Slightly poorer durability with Eagle-Picher basic silicate, possibly also with Tri-Base (incomplete tests). 0007-SWP-044376 0007-SWP-000113746 Faint Research Juno, 1950 -26- OJ 1B1 P - Saw Linseed Oil + Drier OJ 182 P - Bodlod Linseed OU + Drier OJ 165 P - 75* (4100) + 26* :(4105) + 1* Nuodex 72 Drier - added OJ 166 P - Sana as above but bo Nuodex 72 Drier - added OJ 167 P - 03401 {Phenolic) + 1* Ruodex 72 (Oil length - 33 gala.) OJ 163 P - 03401 Phenolic Varnish - (2966)A (Oil length - 33 gals.) OJ 169 P - Rexpar (Sax 04) - (2965)A Stock Sample (Linseed-lung-PhenoUc - 42 gal. oil length) OJ 147 P - (4106) - (Liaaeed-Soya-P.E. AUyd) Drier added OJ 148 P - (3952)A - Linssod-Iung-Pholic (Oil length 25 gale.) Drier - added OJ 149 P - Rex 021 (4110) + Drier) - Lin-X aear Gloss Stock Sei^&e OJ 170 P - Lucas Fungicide Seal VL 1139 (2 parte V 12 (1 part (346) OJ 171 P - Lucas V-12 Varnish Considerable daaage to the cedar panels on north exposure at the Chicago farm resulted from a hall-stoim, and three 60-foot vortical fences were damaged ty lightning during two separate, electrical storms. 0007-SWP-044377 Paint Research Juher 1950 -P- *97 - Peat. OJ 150 P - P.S.-Phthalatp-X 6e5-3oym Vanish RC 4217 Body - tf-V Ctire - 8" A. V. - 2.8 Solids - 50*Solvent (25* Mineral Spirit* (25* V. M. and P. Naphtha OJ 151 P - Linseed-Bpen 1004 Ester CSV 7282 Body (?) Cure - 5.2" A, V. - 2 Solids - 50* Solvent - 50* xylene OJ 152 P - Ether Resin Varnish - CV 4010 #S, Isollne Fatty Adds RC 2577 0.1* Co Drier Body - ff Cure - 6 A. V. - 4.7 Color 10-11 Solids - 50* Solvent - 50* High Solvency Naphtha 0J 153 P - Ether Rosin V srniah - RC 5088 (Repeat of RC 2585) CV 4010 if1 - Soya F. A. Body - P Cure - 14 A. V. - 2.8 Color - 12 Solids - 50* Solvent - 50* xylene 0.1* co. drier in cook OJ 154 P - As above + 1* Nuodsx 72 on total weight OJ 155 P - Ether Resin Vanish RC 4989 Body - K Cure - 20 A. V. - 8.7 Color 5-6 Solids - 50* Solvent (348) 0.1* Co. drier in cook OJ 156 P Rox 051 - S-V Floor Seal Oil OJ 157 P Rex 044 - Clear Log Cabin Exterior Finish OJ 158 P Rex OSl+l*Nuodex 72 on total wei^it OJ 159 P Rsx 044 + 1* Nuodex 72 on total weight OJ 180 P Boydell Bros. Log Cabin Fungicide Seal OJ 161 P Boydall Bros. Log Cabin Finish Coat OJ 182 P RC 5409 (Styrene-Linseed vanish) Body J-K Cun - 10 A. V. - 16.6 Color - 7 + Solids 50* OJ 163 P RC 6409 t 1* Nuodex 72 on total weight OJ 164 P RC 5416 - (Styrene-^liphat 16A-CW0) Body - T Cure - 6 A. V. - 12 Color 4-5 Solids - 50* Solvent - (1257). Part of aolvont is unroactsd styrene. 0007-SWP-044378 0007-SWP-000113748 #97 - Cont. Paint Research Junej 1950 -24- In durability, llnssod versus soya, at both looationa, tba Incraoaad quantities of soya shoving no matted differanoas. In tha cases where variations shoved up, they tandod to favor the soya formula. Laboratory tosts on tha paint Samples after 5-1/d years warn storage shoved bod galling and granulation, uith no particular choice. Exposures 15005-19 F, C vara examined after 18 nontbs at Florida, vertical south, and 21 nonthe at Chicago, north sad south, all oedar bevel siding panels prised with Rex 450 Undorcoater Shaded gray.. The purpose is to test polyolly- ostsrs of linseed and soya oils and of soya fatty acids in Rex 471 SWP Gloss "Jhitc and in Rex 495 SWP Vccdland Broun. Sue to the complexity of the amounts of the special liquids used, full details cannot be presented here. Part of this complexity is duo to the fact that the amounts of sons of those special rosins, which were prepared by the Rosin Research Department, had to be changed because of poor drying end wrinkl ing tendencies. In Rox 471, there 13 quito a cceqalete coverage of the three resins plus (798) non-brock linseod oil, (48) bodied linseed and (48) 50/50/20 type, but no samples use the resins at 100$ vehicle solids. In Rex 496, the linseed and soya esters are tested at 100$ and with (2) linseed-(48) 50/50/20. There la no failure except very slight erosion on the whites at Chicago. Variation* in dirt and chalking of the vhitos are relatively slight at both locations (including regular guides). Florida tests on the Brawns show a result difficult to explainj the two samples (linseed and soyn) using only part polyollyl esters ere good in color but dirty due to mil dry and lack of chalking, the 100$ special vehicles are inter mediate cad the guides, in spite of using 89 dry cuprous oxide, vhich the others do not carry, are chalky, dean and seriously faded. At Chicago, the results vs would expect due to 89 dry era evident; the guides ore glossy end good in oolor. The specials show chnlklnesa, low gloss and serious fading. gear Exterior Finishes for Wood Panels 14796 - 819 c, F were prepared for exposure. These repre sent exposures of clear finishes, two coat work on cedar and yellow pine aiding panels, and include a number of varnishes from Varnish-Rosin and Resin Research against Raxpar as the guide. The finishes include the following: 0007--SWP-044379 0007-SWP-000113749 Paint Reaearch June, IflBO -es- '`TT Barra 14994 li 80000 tat laprorad Oder and odor - 7 to 7-1/24 par pound. Dam 50800 - 1001 solids, 609C resin - 50J8 oil, 6-1/2 to 8-3/<4 par pound. Panala 8911-82 P, C vara strained after 48 rath*' exposure at Florida and 88 santaa at Cbloage, vortleal south. The taata ara on cadar bevel aiding pciaod vita Bax 480 Otodarooatar, and 00m taa uaa of tadlad olla et varying aeid vain* la JUoc 471 SUP Gloaa Vhite aad Bax 462 Crean. Final reaulta on Chloajs expoauras of aarlaa 7021-81 C at 88 aoatha ara also considered, thaao batng taa original taata ualng fresh paints, vharaoa taa 6021-82 aarlaa uses paints after ooa year mm storage. Tba oils used orai (48) (08) (218) MO - D 50/80 (43)/QK0 Till* 11.2 a.7 6.8 2.0 6.6 Annton. A.V. of Total Tahlola 6.7 8.2 4*1 2.7 4.2 In proriona reports, up to about 3 years, va bad found no notleeobla dlfferonora la any respect. The Florida taata still shew only nlaor failure at 4 jrrara, vita little eboioa as to durability. Tba low aeid talus QKD oil, however, could bo given a alight edge over taa otaar trane, (808). fids la cowter&cted ty a relatively paor abcviag of taa OB) oil on taa loagar exposures at Chicago. In no eoaa la then a tread following tba ordar of acid vduaa, nor is there a trend with regard to taa fraah as agalut taa aged paints. after 48 rath at Florida and acuta. Pittsburgh'a Salacted Soya Oil, regular linseed in: (a) Bax 471 SWP Glosa k bodied oil types, using CH (2088) for (2) as lin___ ^:8hr (48) tadiod llnaaad and also a 1008 substitution; 0>) mb SWflfe taMriUft Tallow, the Sana; and (e) Rax 460 Underooeter, using alallar substitutions and tasting vita both all-linseed and part soya (notool body portion) top ooats. Careful study of these testa during the first throe years dis closed little failure tat a slight tandaacy toward aora dirt due to taa use of taa MLeetod Soya. At four years, the dirt diffonnees have osaratlally disappeared and a considerable aaount of failure has developed, especially at Chlcnya (erosion). There Is a quite consistent picture of equivalence 0007-SWP-044380 0007-SWP-000113750 Had (Bax B4> Plag S i end 1 0 t purez 14994 and 50800 __________ l * a 3 o8 us I as ft s 8 to s J3 e V3 > * .1 3 co dl o sto o Qi O *ft 3 & 3 si S3 to b **# Si sU si d ww C4 3 Jl Ss ii l!HtAOt i-4 Ai g K> 6 sl Oo P Cm M f 2 s<s PW LO BC4> i fc U,,3 S /~t a* to 3 3Ci to <cu0 <0 8 to> 8 0007-SWP-044381 0007-SWP-000113751 Paint Research June, 1950 -a- ffT -r-gaa-U Laboratory batches of SHP node fraa thee* oil* compared as follOWSi Oil ViKgilfr .1 IS Batch Cndor Tost Fresh 12 Days Brushing Flow .... Gloss Drying 260 P 248 P 246 P (510) CV 928 Lot 1 CV 928 Lot 2 29.2" 48* 46" 49* Good* Good* 42" 55* + Good* 5/8 cup 31. short Good It H Very good It Very good Good Good Good *Vhen reduced with 1/4 to l/2 pint (548) per gallon. Qua to tho high initial body of the laboratory batches nods with CV 028, we have requested a lower bodiod oil for future work. Fast Dry Exterior House Paint Our West Coast plants hcvo bom interested in obtaining a fast dry exterior house point to conhrt flatting during poor veathor condi tion*. In connection with this problem wo have investigated Dures' 50900 end 14094 liquid rosins as replacements for part of the oil in Hex 471 SUP (Hose White ant-, p.ox 54 Coaoo&woalth Bam Had. Dures 50800 Is a. realn obtained as a by-proiuot fron *J trnufreturn of two other Dures resins. It is 100 Bolide and nay be considered BOH resin and 5Q oil. Cures 14904 is stallnr to 50800 oteept that 5t is not as dark in color end the odor is somewhat improved, Tho two resins wore introduced in SUP Gloss White (Rex 471, card 61) end Comaewealth Earn Hod (Rax 54, card 27) to the extent of 55 and lOJt for an equal caount of oil. We were not particularly impressed by Dares' claims or the results or, drying and gloss as reported in the data below. Wo found both resins to be rather poor in odor, although Cures 14994 was somewhat better in color and odor than Dures 50300. The paints will be exposed at Chicago to determine durability characteristics. 0007-SWP-044382 0007-SWP-000113752 Faint Research Jiao, 1950 -20- m w. m The Varnish Dopertncct has prepared two snail kettle hatches of (510) for tost In SWP. Lot; 58 ves node using sn<S0j blow while Lot 59 is heat bodied without catalyst. Lot 58 Lot 69 Body 69 54 A. V. 8.2 9.5 Color 7 10 Catalyst 60a None Two batches of SUP sale with these oils eoaparod as follows for brushing, flow, drying, etc. Batch Bodied ViscoBltr - #3 Drying Oil Fresh__ O'Hite Billshina Flow Sloes Sot 0 'Hits OJ 285 P Lot 88 50* 51" SI. stldQr Very Good 6 Hrs. Good OK gsod OJ 284 P Lot 69 25.4" 41* Standard Very Good good 6 Hrs. Good SO lain. Arrangeaents were node with the factory to manufacture plant batches of SUP under identical conditions. These will be reported on at a later date. The Varnish-Resin Laboratory has prepared two lots of CV 928, bodied safflower oil, for test in SUP. isiui Lall Bofr Sp. Gr. Color A.V. (Solids) H.V.M. Rennrks 59" .961 n 6.5 100 Using glycerol for A. V. 64* .948 7 9.9 100 SO* blown 0007-SWP-044383 0007-SWP-000113753 Paint Research October, 1960 -16- #97 -SWP 471 In previous reports on work to predict the eventual viscosity of batches of SUP having initial high and puffy consistency it vaa stated that Anhydrous, aagneaiuh perchlorate, vaa quite efficient in reducing viscosities. It was suggested to us that Anhydrous be tried on heavy bodied batches of Semi-Lustre White and Commonwealth Barn Red. It was found that Anhydrone wasljnot effective In these Instances. Thus, it would appear that the effect] of water on critical pigment volume con centration is not involved in these esses as it is in SUP. Storage tests of batches of SUP Gloss White to which additions of Troykyd were made to increase viscosity have now aged for nine weeks. Viscosities seen to be quite well stabilised, as shown in the following data: Troykyd by Volume At Once Viscosities - #3 Orifice ... 2 Weeks.. 7 Weeks 9 Weeks 0% 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.85 1.7 2.5 3.4 4.2 5.1 24.6* 52 42 46 40" + 1/8 cup 50* + 1/8 cup Tofto heaft vy n ft NH It g ft ft nn 24.6" 52 36 38 41 47 50 50" + 1/4 cup Too heavy 1n *. w t pi 24" 30 33 34 36 40 45 46" + 1/16 cup 50" + 3/8 cup Too heavy ft ft ft ft ft ft 24" 30.2 52.8 34 55.8 40 42 48 50" + 1/4 cup Too heavy " ft ft ft ft || The Resin Research Department has submitted several bodied oils for expo*on .tantn in SUP. The oils, at approximately Zg - Za body, except as d)M, am Used at 405t of the total binder, replacing bodied linseed, the oils include: 1C 8648 (1278) soya. RC 6619 Swift's propane refined soyaXN 826. RC 6560 Safflower, modified 20 withtung. RC 6561 Glyceryl ester of Aliphat 16A. RC 6574 Glyceryl eater of Aliphat 16A, 20% tung. RC 6562 F.E. ester of Aliphat 16 A. RC 6571 P.E. ester of Aliphat 16 A, 2# tung. RC 6575 Heophat 19. RC 6756 Styrene - dehydrated caetor. Viscosity 12 min. 35 see. RC 6773 Styrene - dehydrated castor. Viscosity 25 min. 50 sed. 0007-SWP-044384 0007-SWP-000113754 Point Research October, 1950 -17- m ,--Con<i. Paints made on a formula similar to card 62, Rem 471, except with no rutile calcium, had the following characteristics! Data on Test Paint aa Exposed Batch OJ Ho. Bodied Oil Viscosities 15 Fresh O'Hite Brush Flow Gloss Dwine 488 P (310) linseed 26" 54" Good Good + Good 6 hr. Good 0 'nite 420 P Using RC 6543 50" 59" SI. Short Fair 8 hr. 30 min sticky Good 419 P Using RC 6519 38" 44" SI. Short Good - 9 hr. 40 min sticky Good 489 P Using RC 6560 28" 54.2" Good Very good Very good 5 hr. 55 min Good 490 P Using RC 6561 50" 59" Good Good Good 7 hr. Good 450 P Using RC 6574 44" 74" SI. Short Good - 8 hr. 5 min. sticky Good + 491 P Using RC 6562 54" 42" Good Good Good + 7 hr. Good 449 P Using SC 6571 37* 46* SI. Short Good + 10 hr. 5 min. sticky Good + 451 P Using RC 6595 26* a" Good Short Fair 9 hr. 55 min. Good 421 P Using SC 6756 65" 68" Sticky Short Poor 6 hr. 25 min. Good + 422 P Using RC 6775 55" 64" Sticky Short Fair 6 hr. 55 min Good + 0007-SWP-044385 0007-SWP-000113755 ii<97 - Cogt. -16- Work on the chongee of the elastic constants of house paint films which occur during weathering Is being continued. New samples of Pittsburgh's Titanic White 1-54 and their pri mer 1-201 were obtained for exposures against the SWF 450 - 471 system and Bax 456 SWP Fume Resisting White. The paints will be applied as single coats, the top coats as two coats both self-primed and over each of the primers. Experimental paints were prepared to test safflower oil, both unbodied and bodied to Z2 - Z3, in SWP Gloss White, Colonial fellow and Westchester Gray. Substitutions were for bodied oil portions only and as total replacements of all the linseed oil In the regular formulae. These paints supplement previous series. Exposures prepared during the month include the following: 14901-11 CN. North only, Chicago vertical. These supplement the specie! high iodine value oil tests described cm pages 16 and 17 of the September report, which at that time were placed on south exposure. 14961-15025 CS, CN and F. These are the "pink" SWP tint series described on pege 15 of the September report. 15024-37 CS, CN. These are panel exposures of the points used in the 1850 house tests. 15058-41 C, F. These are exposures to determine whether SOj used as the catalyst in the preparation of the bodied oil will cause any discoloration In SWF Gloss White. A house test was conducted at 703 Bruce Street, Flossaoor, Illinois^ This is o-hexiae on which we have had Bex 471 SW? Gloss White tests before. The latest was in 1946, but due to increasing amounts of blistering and peeling each year, considerable areas of the vails have been scraped off and repainted sines 1946. The current test job was to be just one coat of regular Rex 471, but considerable areas had to be burned, scraped and spot-primed. We are interested in this house much more as a test under bad moisture conditions than as n test of any particular paint. A number of small ventilating louvres have been installed in the vails, with some good results so far, but there was evidence during this painting that an extremely bad condensation condition still exists, as wet blisters formed in some spots within a few days. In the future, we will probably have the opportunity of observing the effectiveness of a more extensive prcgrom of ventilating the walls, either by the small louvres or by a more drastic method. The painting has always been done by professionals. The spreading rate this time was Sligitly low, at 472 sq. ft. per gallon. j ! \ 0007"SWP--044386 0007-SWP-000113756 Paint ReMarch October, 1950 -19- #97 - Pont. A house test was completed at 12733 - 12737 Wallace Street, Chicago, Illinois. This test actually comprised two houses side ty side on quite spacious lots, both being 2-story houses 15 years old end in excellent structural condition. One house (the Harris bouse) had been painted with Scotch Laddie lead-in-oil five years before; it showed the characteristic dirtiness, but it seemed that the alllgatorlng was not as deep and rough cs is often seen on lead-in-oil Jobs. The other house (the Llndberg bouse) had been painted with SUP Close White, also five years ago, and looked ouch cleaner rad whiter all around. The house pre viously painted with lead-in-oil waa primed with Rax 450 Undercoater OJ 356 P and finished with Rex 471 SWP Gloss White OJ 556 P, both carry ing 100? safflower oil. The former SWP house wee primed with regular Rex 450 rad finished with Rex 471 OJ 559 P, lOOlt linseed. A small area on the south side of each house was finished with OJ 554 P, a 40 saf flower foraula, to serve as a basis for comparison. On this teat, no difference in gloss could be detected (on the two special areas) in about three days. The job was done ty professionals, but they were inclined to stretch cut the point. Consequently, the former lead-in-oil house (safflower test), with its dirtier and rougher surface, looked relatively poor when the prime coat was on, rad was not quite equal to the other in general eg&cothnesa of the finish coat. The painters claimed the safflower primer brushed more easily than the regular Rex 450, but we have reason to prefer the "little chojae" opinion of the painters on the Homewood church jcib mentioned below. The spreading rates were ns follows, the last item being rather questionable because of the restricted area: Rex 450 - Regular, 520 aq.ft./gol. - Safflower, 465 sq.ft./gsl. Rex 471 - Linseed, 495 * - Safflower, 552 Rex 471 - 40$ Safflower, 400 sq.ft./gal. (some for each house). A house test was completed at 18202 Dixie Hi^iwey, Homewood, Illinois:, consisting of a 2-1/2 story church parish house rad a 1-story nursery school bdldlng on the same lot. This job was done ty a sizchLe rad competent crew of professional painters. Some flat spots showed up on the final coat in certain areas, which may posBibly be due to rather rapid recoating considering the aeason. The main tuilding tests regular Rex 471 SWP Gloss White, lOOg linseed, against 0J 534 P, e. batch using 40g safflower oil, both over regular Rex 450 Ondercoater. The smaller building also has regular Rex 450 - regilar Rex 471, but against it is Rex 450 - Rex 471, both made with 100? safflower oil. The painters 0007-SWP-044387 0007-SWP-000113757 Faint Research October, 1950 -20- #97 - Cont. expressed no definite choice as to brushing qualities. The safflower areas*showed a very slight edge in gloss, but there was no choice in white ness or general appearance on the finished Job. One thing that was noticed was a marked slowness of drying of the safflower primer over night. How ever, this seemed to be of no serious consequence, as ty the and of 24 hours it was fully as dry as the regular. The spreading rates were'* Regular Rex 450 404 sq.ft./gal. Rex 450, 100* Safflower 350 " Regular Rax 471 440 " Rex 471, 100J6 safflower 420 " Rex 471, 4051 safflower 431 " A supplementary test was made on the gutters and downspouts of the main building, which were new galvanised iron. Four priming systems were tried: 1. Regular Salvita #67. 2. GS 2449, a special Gripclad primer In ready-to-use fom. 5. 41 A 4, regular Gripclad primer, requiring reduction on the job. 4. The painters' system of a vinegar rinse, followed ty regular Rax 450. The first three were recoated with Rex 450 before a final coat of Rex 471 was applied over all. Because of unusual currant interest, we are presenting a general account of results ta date on exterior dear varnish exposure series 14414-29 T, C, at elm months Florida end eight months Chicago, 45 south on maple and whits pine panels. It is expected that next month consider ably more information will be presented, as a later series is to be exam ined and possibly a combined report with full details will be available. Following is a digest of the most important results at present (all tests two coa-ts self-primed, no reduction); 0007-SWP-044388 0007-SWP Point Research October, 1950 -21- #97 - Cont. 0J No. Material OloBB Darkening Failure 6B N 54 N 91 N 75/25J5 (4100)/(-4105) Good aliyd. 68 N plus 1$ Nuodex 72. Good As 68 N bat extra drier. Good Considerable to bad. tf n None, tut see below. It If 69 N 70 N 05401 Phenolic, (2966)A. 69 H plus Nuodex 72. Egg shell ft Bad, at Florida; alight at Chgo, n Bad checking and mildew. II 71 N Rex 051 Floor Seal, (2946)EA Flat Bad 72 N 50/50 Rex 031/(2) Flat Very bod. Bed checking, cracking, extreme mildew. It 75 N Rex 04 Rexpar, (2985)A Fair to good 75 NX Rex 04 plus 14 gals, Fair (510)/100* 90 N Rex 04 plus 14 gals. Fair (2)/100 Sligit to considerable. ft None, but rather serious mildew. II H - Rex 11110 Shingle . Flat Very hod Stain. No film. Extreme mildew. 525 N **(2385)-(2966)A-( 2841 )G Egg Bad at Florida; shell alight at Chgo. None, but serious mildew. 179 N 180 N AUqsl as 68 N plus Cunllate #40 Alkyd as 68 N plus Cunllate #40 A Good Good Slight to considerable. Considerable None, but see below. ft (Cont.) 0007-SVJP-044389 0007-SWP-000113759 Faint Research October, 1960 -22- #97 - Gont. 0J Ncf. Material 181 N AUQrd as 68 N plus Cu Phenolate. 182 N Alkyd as 68 N plus Nuodex 136 Gloss Good Good Darkening Considerable, greai. Considerable to bed. Failure . None, but see below, ft *A sample containing equal parts of (310) and Rax 04 (ty error} showed bod mildew and darkening. **Made up to approximate Pontiac Varnish Company'a "Log Spar." The allude mast be watched carefully as there seems to be some tendency to peel from the edges. 0007-SWP-044390 Paint Rarseareh September, 1950 -15- 197 - SWP 471 As an adjunct to the work _described under Project 12 on blis tering and peeling we are starting basic research work to determine the type end quantity of the streases add strains which are set up In applied and weathering house paint films, these strains are associated at least In part with the shrinkage which occurs in films as A. result of the pro cesses occurring during aging, end with expansions and contractions result ing both In the film and substrate due to temperature and moisture fluctu ations. This work will also be correlated with adhesion and tougbneaa measurements. There is Increased Interest in tint retention of pastel house paints because of the spresd of color mixing. Tests conducted In co operation with Martin-Secour showed that the "pink" range was most vulner able and therefore work was started with this group. For the purpose of this test three depths of each tint ware made with each pigment selected, using SWP Tinting White C78 V 4. The depths approximated the Mar^inSs h o u t Nii-Hue red color standards of the 4th, 6th end 7th levels. Expo sure* will be made south and north vertical in Chicago and south vertical in Florida. The pigments being evaluated Include i 26 dry 54 " 154 " 182 " 214 " 1762 " 1795 10152 " 10189 " 10569 " 10596 " 10597 " 12064 " D 2799 Burnt Sienna Indian Red Oxide Venation Red Oxide Persian Rad Oxide Light Red Oxide Cadmium Red, Light Cadmium Rod, Medium Alizarine Maroon Lake Toluidine Red Toner B permansa Orange Toner toluidine Red Toner, Light Solfast Scarlet Chrome Orange, Dark Solfast Scarlet, Light Harmon Thio Fast Red MV 6606 Harmon Thio Fast Pink MV 6652 Harmon Indo Violet B 4000 Minnesota Mining Krox Oxide 102 L du Pont Platinum Violet BP 176 English Vermilion Harmon Thio Indigo Maroon 0007-SWP-044391 0007-SWP-000113761 Paint Research September, 1950 -16- #97 - Coat. The August report gave data on the effects on viscosity of addi tions of Troykyd to low viscosity batches of SUP. These tests have now aged for 7 weeks and viscosities show a tendmey to thin out although they still remain definitely higher than the origins! sample. For conveni ence in reviewing the data, earlier viscosity readings are repeated. gtfP_ Rex 471 Trqykyd At Once 2 Weeks 7 Weeks 0% 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.85 1.7 2.5 3.4 4.2 5.1 24.6" 32 42 48 40" + l/8 cup 50" + 1/8 cup Too heavy IV If IT n it it tv it ft It w 24.6" 32 36 38 41 47 50 50" + 1/4 cup Too heavy * It * nn ti n 24" 30 33 34 36 40 43 46" + 1/16 50" + 5/8 i Too heavy ft rv tt ft nn Mention was also nade in the August report of the comparative effects of the additions of (324) heavy bodied linseed oil and Troykyd, reapectivmly, to the same thin bodied batch of SUP. Viscosities up to one month show tbs same tendency to thin out, although again they remain above thm initial visooeity. VlacoBities - #5 Orifice Agent Used Frosh Over Sight 1 Month Rax 471 - 1/4 gnl.AOO gals. - (324) II - Troykyd 38" 36" 37.8" 55.6" 33.4" 32.4" Panels 14901-11 CS were prepared for exposure using house paints containing oils of hijh iodine value in connection with the dirt collection studies of SUP,. The paints were applied p.s two coat work an cedar siding panels using SUP 450 Underwater for the first wet. The panels are mounted on a south vertical exposure fence constructed with s special overhanging eave to emphasize dirt collection. The north vertical counterparts will be painted as soon as possible. Due to delays 0007-SWP-044392 0007-SWP-000113762 #97 - Cont. Faint Research September, 1950 -17- in procuring the various oils originally intmded for this series, it was decided to expose paints node from those oils that were now avail able before the weather beeones too cool for painting. The following Rex 471 SUP Gloss Uhite (card 58) variations were Included in the pre sent aeries. Number Total Oil per Gal. Unbodied or Low Bodied Oil Portion Bodied Oil Portion OJ 451 P OJ 416 P RB 2984 4-5/4 lbs. 4* 5-5/4 * (8) Raw linseed it n it (510) Bodied linseed n it h CV 986 Redueed bodged linseed OJ 414 P 4 Perilla oil RC $558 Bodied pepiUa OJ 415 P 4 Safflower oil CV 928 Bodied safflower OJ 450 P 4 P.P.G. #800 3dected Soya RC 6572 Bodied #200 oil OJ 417 P 4 AVM 65 - P.E. Soya Ester AVM 64 P.E. Soya Ester OJ 418 P 4 Folymerol L (acetone extracted linseed) Polynerol L OJ 459 P 4 Re-esterified refrigera* Re-esterified refrigera ted fatty acids to re- ted fatty acids to re move saturates (OJG) move saturates (OJG) The special series of paints mentioned on page 80 of the August report were pointed on a Chicago exposure fence during the nonth and assigned the numbers 14885-14900 CS, . These paints carry various titanium pigments to study chalking, washing and dirt collection. The paints were applied on the special south vertical fence with overhanging eave and on conventional panels for north exposure. For detail on the pigments used, Bee the August report. Panels 14985-52 CS, CN and F were prepared for exposure during the month. These represent repeat paintings in good weather of on earlier series of special bodied soya-tung oil combinations in SUP White and tints which ver painted in cool weather. 0007-SWP-044393 0007-SWP-000113763 #37 T S9Bit Paint Research Septeaberr, -I960 -18- About a year ago experimental variations of SUP Gloas White van unde to coapare tha performance of aaaganaaa driara suoh at (4231), (649) aul Nuodex 6j( aonganeee, when introduced on anequal natal basis in SHF, Tha regular aaount of lead drier (4290) vat used is all the points*- : These paints vara node on the card 56 formletldc using (9921) P,E, Soya esters for the bodied oil portion of the foaailtu After a period of one year's storage, the paints vara examined end vsre found to be in good condition. No Maple shoved any anffgnneSe float or color difference. The only notloeable variation van the slightly faster set-to-touch tine for the point aade vlth Nuodex 9 asnganese drier. The paints aade vlth (5321), with (545). or Barahav aangenese drier produced less gloss after one year of storage than those aade with (310) bodied lin seed regardless of typs of aongansse drier used. Tfaa lover gloss and loss of flow is a natter of concern when (5321) is used. Batch Properties of Various Kagqnm.Bfla .te.gff.. OJ 207 N 01 206 N OJ 209 N Characteristics Rex 471 - Cord 56 As 207 K but As 207 N but 6/8 gal. (545) 1/8 gel. Nuodex 62 Ms 5/8 gal. (4231) Wt./Gal. 14.26 14.26 14.24 Viscosity - Fresh 2 Weeks 3 ifcntfcr 6 Mofctha 1 fee* 20* 21,6 . 20.8 28.0 rtf, Brush - Preafc 1 Tear Good * 19.8" 25.2 22.2 26.4 30.0 Good 19.8" 22.-3 21.8 27.4 26.6 Good n flow - Fresh 1 Fear Gloss - Fresh 1 fear Set-to-Touch Fresh 2 Weeks 5 Mo. 6 Mo. 1 Year Good Short Good Low 7 Hr. 7 Hr,. 10 Min, 7 - 10 V 7 10 " Good Short Good Low 7 Hr. 30 Min. 7 it 40 n 6 " 20 * S 55 " Good Short Good Low , 8 Hr, e Hr. 15 Min. ? ' 15 6 " 50 " Coat* 0007-SWP-044394 0007-SWP-000113764 .* rfk.-.; - * ' Paint Research September, 1960 -19- t97 - Cont. Propertied of various MangansseDrisrs in SW? Batch 0J 07 N 0J 200 N 0J 209 H Characteristics Rex 471 - Card SS As 207 but As 207 N but 5/8 gal. (545) 1/8 gal. Nuodex 8* Mn S/8 gal. (4251) Over > - Fresh Night ) 2 Weeks 1r ) 5 Months 6 Months 1 fear Good it e t Good IV fl ff n Good e it a it Package Condition Soft paste; Soft paste;' 1 Tear mixes in easily. nixes in easily. Soft paste; mixes in easily. Granulation - 1 Zr. None None Nona Properties of Various grt.pt ____ Batch 0J 419 N 0J 420 N 07 4a N OJ 422 N Character- Rex 471 - Card 55 As 419 N tut As 419 N but As 420 N hut iatics (510) and (543) (55a) and (543) Harshav Mn Harshav Mn and (510) and (3Sa) Wt./Gal; 14.27 14.53 14.30 14.54 Viscosity Fresh 1 We* 3 Months 6 Months 1 Tear 28" SO 50 31.2 32.2 24.2" 25.8 25.0 25.6 25.4 29.0" a.6 29.0 30.6 29.2 25" 26.4 26.8 25.6 25.0 Brush - Fresh Good 1 Tear K Good n Good N Good n Flov - Fresh Good 1 Tear Good (-) Good Short Good Good (-) Good Short Gloss - Fresh Good 1 Tear Good (-) Good Def. low Good Good (-) Good Def. low (Cont.) 0007--SWP-044395 0007-SWP-000113765 Paint Research September( 1950 -20- #97 - Coot. Batch Properties of Various Prt?ra.la-gwE____ OJ 419 N OJ 420 N OJ 421 N OJ 422 N Character- Bex 471 - Card 55 As 419 N but As 419 V but As 420 N but lstics (310) and (543) (3321) and (543) Harshaw Mn Harshaw Mn and (510) and (3521) Set-to-Touch Fresh 1 Weak 3 Months 6 Months 1 lear 7 Hr. 7 Hr. 35 Min. 7 " 20 B " 80 Over ) - Fresh (Tight) 1 Veak Diy ) 3 Mo. 6 Mo. 1 Tr. Good " " " " - 6 Hr. 50 Min. 7 20 " 7 " 10 " 7" - Good a w -- 6 Hr. 30 Min. 6 Hr. 30 Min 6 ' 45 ' 6 " 25 " a " so " 6 " 3Q " 7 Hr. 6 " 56 " Good N ft 11 Good n N n n Package Con- Fins paste; dition - 1 Yr. mixes in - easily. Soft paste; mixes in easily. Fin pasts; mixes in easily. Soft paste; mixes in easily. Granulation 1 Yr. None Hone None None Upon T. Vanderbilt'e recoomendations, a few teats were carried out to compare their IQrtal 300 - 312 diy with 20 diy - magnesium Silicate with respect to general performance, after being ground in with the other p* gm*r and/or added without grinding to the thin-down liquid, to determine if a satisfactory paint could be made by such a procedure. The mixed-in inerts produced a point with a coarser texture and lower Initial gloss. However, after IS months' storage all paints ware equally low in gloss. The samples were fairly easy to mix and showed no bod settling after 18 months' storage. Chart follows. 0007-SVJP-044396 0007-SWP-000113766 #97 - Coat. Faint Research September, 1950 -21- Batch OJ 667 M OJ 668 M OJ 869 M OJ 870 M Characteristias Rex 471 - Card 52 Std. with 20 D*y AS 867 M but 312 Dxy for 20 toy As 867 M but 20 dry mixed in thin-down A* 869 M but 312 dry for 20 dty mixed in thin-down Vt./Gal. Grind 14.71 1H 14.62 2-1/2 H 14.67 oa 14.70 2R Viscosity Fresh Over Might 18 Mo. 42* 47 61 27* 35.6" 26.4" 30 56.2 29.2 39 41.4 32.2 Brush Fresh 16 Mo. 81. stlelQr SI. sUcky Good SI. sticky Good Good (-) Good SI. sticky Flow - Fresh Std. 18 Mo. Short Gloss - Fresh Good 18 Mo.. Low SI. short SI. short Good Low Short Short Low Low Short SI. short SI. low Low Package Condition 6 Month* . . . Soft Paste - Excellent Condition................. . 18 " Plm paste - tut nixes in fairly easily with no lumps. Granulation 6 Months 18 Hon* None W None Trace None Traci The following paints were made end shipped to Cleveland for house painting tests: 2 gallons SWP Rex 476 Qeneva Cream Regular - 13 * Special Rex 478 Geneva Cream - 1 " SUP Chelsea Gray Regular - 8 * Special SWP Chelsea Gray - 0J 395 P 0J 396 P OJ 437 P OJ 438 P The special tints are made with 405 bodied and 605 unbodied safflower oil. 0007-SWP-044397 0007-SWP-000113767 Paint Research September, 1950 -22- Cont, Panels 15740-56 F vara examined after 12 maths' exposure at Chicago end Florida, vertical south, regular cedar siding primed with Rax 450 Ondercoatsr. The primary purpose ms to compare the regular formula of SWP Tint Baas, carrying 70 pounds of IB dry basic carbonate white lead against a formula carrying no free lend end one using National's 45 X basic silicate white lead. The substitution in the lat ter case ms on a volume basis, end the tine oxide content was kept con stant in all cases. Five regular SWP shades were tested. The Chicago tests showed essentially no differences traceable to these changes. The Florida tests showed a very marked tendency toward less mildew growth with carbonate then without. The mildew growth was generally heavy, and the variation from guide to guide, unfortunately, was serious, but the carbonate sample showed less mildew in every shade. 45 X and the carbon ate sample seemed very closely alike. A secondary test coupered ferrites (regilar) tinting colors against chromes, often used in the past. This was checked only in SWP Colonial fellow and Betkaly Yellow. The chromes showed much mora fading in Colonial follow at both locations, and slightly mors In Borkaly fellow. 0007-SWP-044398 0007-SWP-000113768 Point Research August, 1950 -17- #97 - SWP 471 The July report mentioned that In a review of retained samples of SWP Sloes White - Rex 471 it was found that approximately' 2<# of the samples tested were too low in body. It was thought that these low bodied paints might originally have been high bodied batches which were reduced to standard viscosity and then, over a period of weeks, thinned out due to various causes. It is believed that a restedy for this action would bo to pass these high bodied paints knowing that they wsuld reach standard viscosity in a few weeks. In order to be sure the paint will reach standard viscosity, a quick laboratory tost is needed to reduce the body to its ultimate viscosity in a matter of 1 or 2 hours. In devising this test, early work shoved that heat would do a good job but the time Involved was too great. Heavy Bodied SUP Held at ISO0 fort 0 Hre. - 55" + 5/8 cup 24 Hre. - 51" 88 Hrs. - 55" 5 " - 55* + 5/8 cup 48 - 50" 112 " - 55" 16 " - 54" 64 " - 29" It can be seen that the lowest point readied, at 29", took over 2-1/2 days. Various wetting agents were than tested in on attempt to shorten the length of time, but none of the agents tested were successful to zuy great degree. Agent Used Amount Used Viscosities of Heavy Bodied SWP Hone <# 55" + 3/8 cup R. T. Vanderbilt Pflaumer SP 1505 0.5% 50" If 1.0% 47" t! Z.O% 44" It 5.0% 40" + 5/B cup Midcontinent Chemical Midwet 55 C n Polyethylene Glycol 1.0% 2.C# 1.0SS 50" + 5/B cup 50" + 5/8 cup 55" + 5A6 cup 0007-SWP--044399 0007-SWP-000113769 Paint Research August, 1950 -18- #97 - Cent. Numerous other wetting agents were tried hut sons gore results that could he relied upon. It was finally decided that the main cause of the high body probably is water. The beat tests run earlier would substantiate this theory. The following additional tests were run using dehydrating materials: Heavy Bodied SWP 55* + 5/8 cup When agitated with the addition of magnesium perchlorate for 15 minutes. 35" Whan agitated with the addition of calcium chloride for one hour. 57" Vhaa agitated for one hour. 55" + 3/8 cup When agitated with the addition of other chlorides. 55" + 3/8 cup This approach shows considerable promise. Additional teste will be run In an attempt to devise a specific accurate test for use in the test laboratories. Laboratory batches of SUP wen mode to compare the effect on consistency of grinding in agents such as Acto 450 (4081), Nuade (4068) and lecithin (5094). The laboratory batches compare as follows for vis cosity at the end of three weeks' storage: Batch Agent OJ 541 P None Viscosity - #Z Orifice EjSSJl O'Nite 1 Week 2 Weeks a" 29" 40" 39" 3 Weeks 36" OJ 342 P 6# Lecithin (5094) 25" 50" 34" 32" 30" OJ 343 P 6# Acto 450 (4081) 29" 34" 40" 36" 34" OJ 344 P 6# Nuade (4066) 27" 38" 48" 45" 42" OJ 345 P 3,? Nuade (4066) 25" 29" 40" 39" 37" 0007-SWP-044400 Paint Research August, 1950 -19- #97 - Cont. Troykyd - OW 640 was added to a lew consistency batch of SWP Gloss White to see if it could be used safely aa a puffing agent with Rex 471 to correct thin batches. The data below show that Troykyd does increase the body and viscosities are fairly stable at least up to two weeks. They will be rechecked after six weeks. Flow was not affected materially up to 0.4* addition of Troykyd, above 0.42 flow vae reduced. When the body of the batch of SUP at 24.6" viscosity was increased to 38" by the addition of l/4 gallon (324) per 100 gallons of paint to 58", brushing become very slightly sticky. When brought to 36" by the addi tion of 1/4 gallon Troykyd, brushing was not affected. Bfttoh * By Volume Trortard Viscosity - #5 Orifice At Qnce_ HJ.qa. SUP - Rex 471 0? 0.1* 0.2* 0.3* 0.4* 0.5* 0.6* 0.85* 1.7* 2.5* 3.4* 4.2* 5.1* 24.6" 32" 42* 48" 40" + 1/8 cup 50* + 1/4 cup Too heavy n it n "n n it R It It It 24.6" 32" 36" 38" 41" 47" 50" 50" + 1/4 Too heavy n It ff nu hn Pflauner SP 1505 wae submitted by the R. T. Vanderbilt Company as a flow agent. A batch of SUP Gloss White was selected which was puffy and high in efflux viscosity. As show in the data which follows, SP 1505 had en initial thinning effect but after 24 hours the body hod reverted practically to that of the untreated sample. Brush-outs made of the vari ous paints indicated that additions of 1/2 to 3/4 gallons of SP 1505 to 100 gallons of the paint produce definite improvement in flow. Excessive additions detract from drying. Approximately 1/2 to 12 by volume Booms to be the optimum addition. Chart follows. 0007-SWP-044401 Paint Research August, 1950 -20- ,497 - Cont. SWP Gloss White + Pilauncr 5P 1505 Batch * by Volume SP 1505 Viscosity - >'3 Orifice At Ones Over Nlfht- 7 Davs SWP 471 ft II II ft It II ft If ft ft n ft 0? 0.1* 0.2* 0.3* 0.4* 0.82 1.3* 1.7* 2.1* 3.4* 4.2* 6.4* 8.5* 55" + lAS cup 42" 35" 31" 31" 29" 27" 27" 27" 25" 26" 27" 29" 55" + 1/16 cup 52" + l/l6 cup 51" + 52" 49" 49" 55" 54" 55" 57" 58" 51" + lA6 cup 55" + lA6 cup 55" + lA cup tt ft 11 ft 55- + sac. 55 + " 55 + " 56 + " 55 + " 56" 56" 45" T.: st fanes #12 at the Chicago Exposure Fam has been modified with cn eighteen inch eave at the top and a course of red face brick at the bottom. It is hoped that this will make it possible to check dirt collection and washing an various SUP paints node using different TiO systems. The fence is divided into eighteen vertical sections, each three foet in width, extending from the top to the bottom of the foncc. Dirt collection (especially under the eaves), chalking, and chalk run-off (especially on the bricks) will bo checked at regular intervals. The complete aeries of points will also be exposed on conventional panels facing north. The point, systems include the following titanium oxides and fornmlc variations: Print. Nn. RB 2916 2916 2920 2921 2956 2923 2953 2934 2922 TIP. Variations* Fornula SWP Gloss White 1405 Rex 471 4.00# Oil/Gcl. 1405/2050, 50/50 blond " 1405/2132, 75/25 blend 1405/2132, 50/50 blend " 1403/Unitanc OR 540, 75/25 bland 1405/2174, 82/18 blend " 1403/1004, 82A8 blend " 1405/Unitaa: 340, 82/18 blond " 1403/2174, 75/25 bland (Cent.) 0007-SWP--044402 0007-SWP-000113772 Paint Research August, 1950 -21- #97 ^ Cont. Paint Mo. TWa Formula RB 2924 2925 2926 2927 1408 Rex 471 5.75# Oil/Gal. 1408/2080, 50/50 blend tl 1405/2152, 50/50 hind II 1405/2174, 82/18 Hand II SWP Fume Resisting White 2929 2950 2981 1405/2030, 50/50 bland 2050 1405/2132, 50/50 Hand Rex 456 II 2982 1405/2174, 75/25 Hand Lead in Oil Sons *1408 - free chalking anatase TiO*. 2080 - semi-chalking anatasa 710s. 2174 - non-chalking rutile TiOg. 2152 - rutile titanium calcium. Soma testa were made of the dirt collection of regular Hex 471 SUP doss White during the initial dtying period. The purpose Mas to com pare the dirt and gloss on panels painted in dry weather as against damp weather, as a check on a similar test ty du Font in which touch more dirt was collected during the damp weather drying of their paint. The teats were painted outdoors and exposed south On primed panels. Tbo contrast was per haps not great enough, as the damp weather in the one case lasted only cbout six hours after painting. At three days there waa very little difference in dirt collection. However, the gloss of the panels painted in damp weather was only 14 (60 glossaeter), while the others were normal at 41. Laboratory batches of SUP Gloss White and Rex 450 SWF Undereoater were mode with the following thinner combinations and the paints were checked for general performance. SWF Rex 450 (a) 4 gallons kerosene (141) - 26 gallons mineral spirits (546) (b) 4 gallons (141) - 26 gallons Hi Plash Mineral Spirits (5027) (c) 50 gallons (5027) SWP Hex 471 (a) 4 gallons (141) - 19-3/4 gallons (548) (b) 4 gallons (141) - 19-5/4 gallons (5027) (c) 23 gallons (5027) 0007-SWP-044403 0007-SWP-000113773 Paint Research August, 1960 -22- #97. - -Cent. Xhe paints made with the (b) thinner combinations showed the least amount of lapping after 50 minutes. Other characteristics such as brushing, flaw, drying and gloss were identical with regular SUP Gloss White or 450 Uhderooater mode with the thinner combinations as in (a). We would suggest that (348) be replaced by (5027} for an improvement in wet edge time of these raxes. Paints were mode for house painting tests at Cleveland and Chicago using 603 raw linBeed and 403 bodied safflower, as wall as 1003 safflower. Sufficient paints were sent to Cleveland to paint 11 test houses in that area. Panels 14855-60 C and Of, K and F were prepared for exposure south and north vertical at Chicago end south vertical at Coffsyvllle and Miami. The points were SWP Gloss White and Colonial Tallow compar ing the regular formulas with magnesium silicate 20 diy and paints made using Pereollte P-I7R as the extender, replacing 20 dry both at equal weigbt and equal volume. Persolite P-IVR is sold by the Porsolite Solos Company, and is milled and classified perlite, about 60% Si0a and 153 Ala0a. Exposure series examined during the month include the following: 1. Panels 9956-10025 CS, CR, F, K were retired recently after 4 years at Florida vertical south, 4-1/2 years at Coffsyvlllo vortical south, and 4-1/2 years at Chicago both north and south. These are cooperative exposures on which full information was exchanged with the F and F Division of the du Pont Company. The original plan was to study the affocts of (a) basic carbonate versus basic sulfate white lead and (b) rutile versus cnatase titanium in Outside White. Each contri buted several paints, exposed ty both groups at several locations. Our points consisted of 7 variations of Rex 471 SWP Gloss White made on a pre-war vehicle basis and 7 parallel bodied oil formulas. One pair carried 503 412 dry leaded zinc, 553 extender and 153 Ti-Puro FF (Ti-Sil formula) while the others covered all the possible variations of (a) white load at 143 of either BCVL or BSWL end % of each, and (b) titanium at 153 of either FF or R 200 rutile and 7.53 of each. The majority, therefore, carried 46.53 of 412 dry and 24.53 of extender. The 7 du Pont samples were more generalized, ranging from 243 to 573 of oil binder. Two were very similar to ours at high versus low oil content, and another was a high oil type with no free white lead. Two were high in rutile Ti0a (2C), but still based on leaded zinc, and the remaining two were based an about 353 zinc oxide with high rutile and extender content and no lead. QQ07-SWP-0444D4 0007-SWP-000113774 -ft*- Paint Research August, 1950 -25- #97 - Coat. Our min conclusions are: (a) Groatost erosion at Chicago, taut Coffeyville panels about oqually bad due to checking and cracking. Florida tests, in general, look fairly good. (b) Best files are the du Pont high rutile fomulas, taut these have been poor in appearance throughout the exposure because of dirt end yellow cast. (c) Little choice in dirt at any time due to white lead changes, only little less dirt due to bodied oil as against pre-war} taut even % of rutile titanium has show serious dirt and yellow cast. (d) Little difference In our formulas due to lead changee, taut the R-200 definitely increases durability. . (e) Their lead-free (high rutile) foraulas surprisingly good in dura bility, taut In their nore orthodox formulas the onlsslon of lead (as against 17?, no rutila TiOa being used) resulted in & definitely poorer film. The conclusions of the du Pont people fron their exposures have been sent to us in the fora of a tabulation estimating the effect ive life of each paint in months. Briefly, these figures show very rsich the sane remits as curs, with little choice as to loca tion, partly because of a lack of directly comparable conditions. Their letter states that, although there ie a slight difference in durability in favor of the use of white lead, they would conclude that it is "not necessary for durability." Their results definitely favor rutile for durability, but the poor appearance is not stressed. 2. Exposures 10781-9 Ctf were examined after 48 months at Chicago, verti cal south on white pine bevel siding. This is the earliest of three series which are being reported on this month, covering variations in film thickness of Rex 471 SVP Gloss Vhlte, The others, 11229-58 F, C end 11984-96 F, C gave considerably more satisfactory results. In this series, the Sex 471 v&e applied- as primer with the following re ductions: 1 pint of (2) linseed oil, 1 pint of (1294) turpentine, 1 pint of each; 2 pints (2), 2 pints (1294), 2 pints of each; 3 pints (2) plus 1 pint (1294); and 7 pints (2) plus 1 pint (1294). This was followed ty a coat of Rex 471 full body. The result was a series of films varying from 3.9 down to 2.8 ails in calculated film thickness, a definitely unsatisfactory "spread." 0007-SWP-044405 0007-SWP-000113775 Point Research August, I960 -24- #97 - Cont. At 48 months, the results are not very valuable, due to the poor uniformity of the wood and the lack of suitable film thickness variations. The lowest film thicknesses show much more cracking and erosion than those near normal, and at least the series indicates that the use of excessive reduction of the first coat on self-primed work on low-grade wood Is likely to give very poor results. It is impossible to estimate from this series of tests what a safe reduc tion might be. 3. Exposures 11229 - 58 F, C, CD were examined after 36 months at Florida, vertical south, and 42 months at Chicago, the latter being on Douglas fir panels as well as cedar bevel siding. Regular formu las of Rex 450 Undercoater and Rex 471 SUP doss Vhite (bodied oil, all 1403 titanium) were tested at various film thicknesses achieved by the addition of thinner to each coat. The total film thickness may be listed approximately as follows, the first item representing a guide on the left 1/5 of each panel: No reduction 1/2 pint turpentine 2, * . n 2" 3* " * 3.5 to 4.0 mils, about 580 sq.ft./gal. 3.0 to 3.4 2.8 to 5.2 2.4 to 2.7 2.1 to 2.4 It n n " ft 650 " " it 680 " " n 710 " " n 750 " " Very consistent results were obtained at both locations. The erosion, even at Florida was strikingly worse on the panels of low film thickness, The amount of cracking increased with the decrease of thickness, although very likely at Chicago this was more or less a consequence of the erosion. The Chicago panels range from leas than considerable erosion and cracking to extreme failure, practically no film left. The films at about 3.0 mils show up poorly in sons cases as against tboss approaching 4.0 mils, while all films appreciably lesB than 3.0 mils are definitely poor in durability. We have photographs of this Beries and think that they would be of interest as a general exhibit of poor painting practices. 4. Exposures 11984 - 96 F, C were examined after 24 months at Florida, vertical south, end 30 months at Chicago. In this aeries the attempt was to study the effect of varying spreading rates as follows: (a) CH 4697 One Coat House Faint Vhite, with 50/5055 1403 anatase/ 2030 seed-nonchalking titaniua oxides at 250, 350 , 550 and 750 sq. ft. per gallon. (b) Some, but CH 4697 made with no lend titanate and ell 1403 diy. 0007--SWP-044406 0007-SWP-000113776 #97 - Cent. Paint Research August, i960 -25- (c) Rex 471 SWP Gloss White, at 400, 500, 700 and 1000 sq.ft./gal. One coat only was used, except for a regular Rex 450 - Rex 471 guide an the left 1/5 of each penal. The technique of testing was to use regular weathered panel* and apply the point os nearly as possible to the required spreading rates, without the addi tion of volatile. Error was less than 5$. Florida results were disappointing, because the guides showed that the panels had not had equal weathering. The GR 4697 with lead titanate and 2030 did not show chocking as was found on the other sample, tut the latter looked better because it stays cleaner. Rax 471 showed some dear signs of greater failure due to thinner films, but the trend was not consistent in any of the groups. The Chicago panels showed such better, largely because of greater erosion tendencies end the use of a grey substrate. The show-through due to erosion increased free approximately alight to bad or very bod in each of the three groups. Rex 471 did not stand up as well at the near-normal spreading rates as the One Coat House Paint, but the latter wae rather dirty, especially with lead titan ate. For durability purposes, lead titanate and 2030 seem preferable to 1405 only. 5. Exposures 15561-9 F, C were examined after 12 sunthe at Florida, vertical south, and 16 months at Chicago, north and south. All are cedar bevel elding, primed with Rex 460 Ondercoater, all prepared and dried at relatively low temperatures. Rex 471 3WP Gloss White of 2/9/48 is the basic formula (and guide) used to test Myvoil #2, a refined soybean oil from Distillation Products Company, and other soybean oils as part of the bodied oil portion. Variations are as follows: (a) 50/50/2096 linseed/fcjyvoil/CW) versus same made with (1273) soya. Ho choice, both good, dean at all locations. (b) 80/2056 Ityvoil/GWO versus seme made with (1275), also regular (3316) which is equivalent. All entirely satisfactory, but slightly more dirt with (1273) at Chicago north. (c) 90/1056 (127S)/CW0, Equivalent to (a) and (b) in general, but possible trend towni# erosion at Chicago. (d) 75/2556 (127S)/(2325) Dehydrol. Very nearly identical with (c) in performance at all locations. 0007-SWP-044407 0007-SWP-000113777 Paint Research August, 1960 -26- #97 - Coat. 6. Exposures 15450 - 61 F, C were examined after 12 months at Florida, vertical south, end 14 tenths at Chicago both north and south. These are samples of Rex 471 SWF Gloss White from various factories, also the top quality outside whites from the other Institutional plants. A brief summary of results is os follows: A. Rex 471 C SS68 ?, Chicago C 1398 " 0 1538 B, Oakland T 1698, Dallas P 1048, Los Angelos N 1698, Newark EA 1428, Cleveland There are variations, but not a single case of a trend verified by all three locations. Chicago south, no choice. Chicago north, EA 1428 aligitly dirtiest, P 1408 sligitly cleanest, also least yellow cast. Florida, 0 1338 B and T 1598 possibly cleaner then others. B. Institutional Acme 1-A #122-0.858 A Lowe Bros. #328, 5-B-868-528 Martin-Senour #100, 100 M - 1488 Lawrence #35, 32937 - 55 Lucas T.G., TO 260 - S F 1618 Some sharp differences. Chicago, both north and south, shows Acme, Lowe Brothers and Martin-Seccrur still holding a little gloss, which is not true of any others in the entire group. Also. MartinSenour is definitely low in chalk rub-off, and (north only) MartinSenour, Lowe Brothers and Lucas are definitely dirtier than the average. Lawrence is almost a stand-out for cleanness and Lack of yellow cost. In the cleaner Florida exposure location, all test sections are veiy nearly the same in dirt collection as their guides (Rax 471, C 3368 F). 0007--SWP-044408 0007-SWP-000113778 Point Rosearch April, 1950 -17- A sample of Persolite P-1VR (ground aluminum silicate sphere*) supplied us ty Persolite Sales Company wi compared with magnesium sili cate 20 dry ns on inert in SUP does White. Pslats will also be made on the Colonial Tallow formulation and exposed at Chicago, Miami, and Coffeyville this spring. The Persolite P-lVR was introduced at equal volume and at equal pounds with that of 20 dry. Both Persolite paints were better in flow and higher in gloss than that made with 20 dry. Tbeee improved characteristics may be due In part to the finer grind. However, this feature will be checked when the Colonial Tallow points are prepared. Batch 32 P Inert 20 dry Drying Grind Brush Flow Gloss O'Klte 1-1/2 H Good flood(-) Good (-) Good Viscosity #5 Fresh 10 Days 30* 4S 33 P Persolite 3-1/2 R Good Very Bq. vol. good Very good Good 24* 27" 36 P Persolite 5 H Good Very Very eq. pd. good &od Good 32* 35.2" Panels 14691-706 CS, CH and K were prepared during the month for exposure south and north vertical at Chicago and south vertical at Coffeyville. The paints were SVP white and tints safflower end linsead oils, both raw and bodied, in SUP. See page 27, February Report of Investiga tions for details. The following series of exposures were examined end reported during the menth.1 1. Panels 10951-60 F, C. 56 months at Florida and 59 months at Chicago, vertical south. This series is baaed on Rex 471 SUP Gloss White of 1-19-45, and testa the extenders listed below. Failure at both locations has been very alight for 5 years weathering, with Royal Talc end Oolitic calcium carbonate somewhat above average. The following list gives a brief statement on appearance at Chicago end Florida. 0007-SWP-044409 0007-SWP-000113779 Point Research April, 1960 -18- #97 - SWP 471 Material 20 L, guide Mg. Silicate Asbestol Filler rigrida Normal dirt and chalk. Noticeably more dirt, also more chalk. SMSSffi. Normal dirt, slight yellow cast. Slightly more of each. Talc #162 Very slightly leas dirt. Cleaner and whiter, one of best. Flbrene C Definitely more dirt. One of poorest. Cleaner and whiter, definitely good. Vann Springs Talc Oolitic Calcium Carbonate Notieoably mors dirt, rather poor. Aa guide, hut smoother film, looks good. Cleaner end vhitor, definitely good. As guide, but slightly more dirty and yellow. Cook's Sno-Float Ditto, or slightly better. Ditto Velvatoos Very slightly more dirt. Normal dirt, quite good whiteness. Royal Talc Only slight dirt, one of beat. Ditto 2. Panels 10116-36 F, C. 36 months' exposure ot Florida, xertical south, end 48 months at Chicago, north end south. Those ars cedar bevel siding panels primed vith Rex 450 Underooater tinted grey The tests cover the following substitutions of oils in Rex 471 SUP Gloss White of 10-4-43, bodied oil type, 50/6Q rutile anatese titanium; For Bodied Portion Only Linseed "bis'* bodied. Pittsburgh1 s #200 Selected linseed, both regular and "bis" bodied. (2525) bodied Dehydrol. CV (2035) Pittsburgh's Selected Soya, both regi&ar and "bis" bodied. (1273) soya "bis" bodied. Cook's bodied soya, (regular process). 0007-SWP-044410 0007-SWP-000113780 Paint Research April, 1950 -19- 497 - Cent. Tf Prim! <mA Bodiad Portions #200 Oil noznal and "bis" bodied. #200 Oil normal and regular bodied. CW (2035) Oil notnal end "bis" bodiod. cvr (2035) Oil notnal end regular bodiod. (1273) and "bis" bodiod linseed. (1273) notnal and "bis" bodied. Cook's notnal soya and "bis" bodied linseed. Cook's soya, normal and regular bodied. (3017) light Dehydxol end "bis" bodied llnBoed. All oil as (3017). There are some variations in the results on these tests, end some of them are particularly interesting boeease they tend to contra dict the findings of a recent report (8519-79 series, date March 20, 1950) that #200 selected linseed gives poor results when bodied. However, the failure on these panels at presort is not serious considering the length of exposure, and no final conclusions are justified. All the scrapiee look good, with no coses of excessive dirt. The few cases of slightly greater failure or dirt than notnal do not indicate trends; there seems to be no definite "break" in results between (a) "bis" and regular bodying, (b) S-W and other oils, (a) full or partial substitution, or (d) soya, lin seed end castor. 0007-SVJP-044411 0007-SWP-000113781 Paint Research April, 1950 -20- ffy 8. Panels 10810-7 P, C. 80 aonths' exposure at Florida, vertical south, and 58 south! at Chicago, north and aouth. These are cadar bevel aiding panala prised with Rax 460 Undsrecster. In an attenpt to correct consistency and durability difficulties encountered with Lesaaite extender (calcium carbonate), it vaa used at equal oil requirements aa related to 20 L dry magnesium silicate (actually 20 F in tha guide point used) aa well aa at equal volume, and at a compromise between the two. lhe teats include Losamite at 86, 40 and 44$ p.v.e. in Rex 471 and Rax 466 SHF Vhite and Colonial Iallow of early 1946, Florida results show Leaaaite aa generally satisfactory aa oonpared to 20 F, but there are acne Inconsistencies. Tbs higher oontenta of Lesaaita (and higher p.v.e.'o) show sore checking in the whites, but quits the reverse in the tints. Mildew growth apparently la nob decreased, aa would be expected,, ty the higher carbonate contort. Rather outstanding general trade on tha Chi cago exposures ia that of much poorer appearance of Losemito in Rex 471 due to dirt and yellow coat, end the sane poor clean-up in Rex 468 but counteracted ty definitely less fading tha the guide. 4. Panels 12305-29 7, C. Tt years' exposure at Florida, vertical south, and at Chicago, north and south, on cedar bevel siding. Each teat is painted out over Rex 450 Underwater and also aa two coat self-primed work. The tests compare various styrenated oils against a guide of 100* linseed, in Rax 471 SWP Gloss Vhite of 7-29-47. It should be noted that the aeries is not a particularly harsh test of styrene as such, because each binder carries at least 50* of (798) non-brack linseed oil, which hod to be used to obtain reasonable body and flow. Briefly, the results show the styrenatod oil points to be entirely satisfactory, with very few differences in dirt collection and quite close equivalence to tha guide point in each c&ae. Special oils, mostly from Resin Research, are: (a) 40* with 60* (798) - (3516) soya-CVD (for general comparison), SO/GO linseed/ styrene, CWO/acya/styrene, Pentek resin/soya/styrene, glycerol reain/aoya/ styrene and Isoline/styrene; (b) at SO* with (798) - linseed/styrene, Isoline/linsecd/styrene and Dow X 3S6 liaseed/styrene; (c) also a CWO/ linseed/styrene at only 25* with (798) end Dew's X 357-40 castor/styrene at 45*. The glycerol-reain end Isoline-styrene samples are the only ones to show a consistent trend toward slightly greater dirt collection. A few cases of microscopic checking on self-primed work are not considered significant at two years, but may fit into a pattern in the future. ) 0007-SWP-044412 0007-SWP-000113782 Point Research April, 1950 -21- P7 -zJLV&t. 5. Panels 15277-90 F and 15277-94 CS, ON, plus penal 15560. 12 months at Florida, vertical south, and 16 months at Chicago, both north and south. Details of both the purpose and the results are too lengthy to Include here, but will be found In the report dated April 17, 1950. A brief summary may be listed under three general purposes. All tests are on cedar bevel siding. (a) Rax 471 SUP doss Vhite of 4-19-48, laboratory batch using all 1405 anatase titanium and 100% linseed oil, ms coopered with purchased samples of Pittsburg*'s Titanic Vhite and Devos's 547 Outside Vhite. The latter ms used both over Rex 450 Undereoater and over Devoe'B Primer, Rax 471 was used over both, and Pitts burgh's over Rex 450 only. There ms no film failure in any case. Devoe' s and Rex 471 differ quite sharply, yet rate very nearly the same in general appearance; the Devoe's seems to be slower in chalking and collects more dirt and mildew (Florida), but is a very white film as against the noticeable yellowness of SUP. Pittsburgh's is intermediate, a little more like Devoe's than like Rex 471. (b) Ve had several label analyses of Devoe's #547, nnd wanted to determine what material they might be using as "titanium calcium" at about 55%. Ve tried straight 1405 (1271 dry not being avail able) , straight 2152 Titanox RC-HT, and a blend of 66/228 pounds, respectively, with a vehicle the same ns our Rex 471 (above). Even the 1405 sample, with their pigmentation, was quite alow to chalk and definitely dirty. Tho blend and the straight 2132 were progressively less chalky end more dirty, but all showed the characteristic good whiteness. Recco Paris Whiting used with 1405 performed very much the same as the regular 20 l. (c) Devoe's One Coat House Paint Vhite, purchased, was tested against our CH 4697 both with and without lead titenate, as one coat on repaint wood, moderately weathered. Though ours again showed a slight yellow cast, especially with lead tltanate, Devoe's rated definitely poorer because of dirt. 6. Panels 13578-92 F, C. 12 months' exposure at Florida, vertical south, and 14 months at Chicago, north end south. These are cedar bevel siding panels, primed with Rex 450 Undercoater, prepared under cool weather conditions, 40 - 50 F. The tests may be considered as two groups, but in both two formulas are tested. Rax 471 SUP Gloss Vhite of 4-19/48 and Rex 465 Colonial Iallow of 4-21-48. Space permits only a vary brief summary of composition and results* 0007-SWP-044413 0007-SWP-000113783 Paint Research April, 1950 -22- m r. Cqnt, (a) The guide paints (both groups). Hated aa (310) bodied linseed oil samples, gave indications of an error in the paints actually usedj however. It is felt that this would not affect the validity of the test sections. (5516) 80/20$ soya/chlnawood gives an appearance about average for the series, clean and white, end a sample with 1128 dry litharge seems even cleaner, but one with 1128 but without 80s blow la rather dirty, (5316) plus (2525) Dehydrol and (5516) plus (4106) olkyd are sligrtly dirty. (b) All other tests are br.sed cm KB 9646, a 65/55$ blend of (1275) soya end (140) chinawood, and all are very much alike in results so far, clean and good in color. RB 9646 ie tested untreated end with the following additivost 0.1$ and 0.05$ of zinc (metallic). 0.1$ end 0.05$ of Vultac #2 (aromatic diwlfide). 0.05$ and 0.025$ of Thioflde. 00 07-SWP-044414 Paint Research May, 1950 -El- #97 - SWP 471 The Varnish-Resin Laboratory has sutmitted two bodiad linseed (310)'a, Lot 62 node by the standard procedure for (510) and Lot 5 special node using S02 as a catalyst for the bodying operation. Body Lot h o . 62 S3" jsasigLLsLA57" Spec. Gravity .965 .960 Color 9 7 Acid Value 9.6 9.9 Clarity Complete Complete Catalyst None SQs Laboratory botches of SWF Gloss White were node, using each oil for. the bodied oil portion of the formula. The finished points were checked for general perfomsnee such as brushing, flow, gloss, drying, etc. The two oils were found to be quite sinllar in performance characteristics. Arrangements were, node with Mr. Gram to manufacture factory botches of SWF with each oil os a further check on their performance characteristics. Laboratory Batches Batch No. Oil Under Test Magnesium Silicate Viscosity - #3 Orifice Fresh O'Hite 5 Daya 25 Days OJ 116 P (510) Lot 62 20 dry a.4 28.6" 44.6" 38" OJ 117 P OJ 145 P (510) Sp. 20 dry 25" 30" Lot 5 (510) Lot 62 312 dry 19" 26" 53* 4 days 26.2" 46" iZJigs. 25.8" OJ 146 P (310) Sp. Lot 5 312 dry 20" 27.2" 28" 29" (Cont.) 0007-SWP-044415 0007-SWP-000113785 #9? --Coat, OJ 126 P ' OJ 117 P 0J 145 P 0J 146 P Point Research May, 1950 -22- Brush V.G. V. G. V. G. V. G. Laboratory Batch*L (Coat.) now ... Gloss.. Drying Set O'Nite G G. 5 hr. 50 min. V. G. G G 5 " 5 V. G. G G - V. G. C G - V. G. The VamiBh-Resin Laboratory has submitted a gallon sample of CV 929, Lot 5, bodied oafflower oil for evaluation in SUP. CV 928 Lot 5 A. V. - 10.5 Body - 64* Color - 10 - 11 When CV 928 la used to replace (SLO) of 55 seconds body and 9.6 acid value in regular SVP- Gloss White the point has more than the normal viscosity. This was also true when in addition the raw linseed (2) was replaced ty unbodied safflower CW (3093). This may be due to the higher add value and body of the CV 928. Therefore, we have reconasnded that another batch of safflower oil be bodied to within regular (310) limits Of viscosity and preferably in the vicinity-Sf 55 seconds. OJ Ho, ... Oil Binder Wt. oer Gal. Viscosity - S3 Orifice Freah 0 'Hite 7 Days 177 P (60% (2) <40% (510) 14.26 24" 32" 32" 178 P <60% (2) (40* CV 928 14.26 33" 47.0" 49" 179 P (60% CW (5093) (40* CV 928 14.26 34.4" 47.4" 50.2" 0007-SWP-044416 0007-SWP-000113786 Point Research May, 1950 -23- #97_- Cent. Panela 14739 - 43 CS, OF end K were prepared for exposure south and north -vertical at Chicago and south vortical at Coff<gnrtlle, Kansas. The paints conparo various bodied oils in 3WP, including regu lar linseed (310), (48) which is BOf linseed/502 soyn/20j8 tung, CTV 7389 which is 50$ linseed/30$ soyo/20$ behydnol G, rad CTV 7390 which is 50$ llnsoed/30$ aoya/20$ 70" Dehydrol. 0007-SWP-044417 0007-SWP-000113787 'rk-V Paint^ Research Marcfc, I960 -a- #97 - Cont. S. Panels 10361-5 F, C were examined after 56 months' exposure at Florida end 48 months at Chicago, vertical south, ell cedar bevel siding. These are tests of Rax 300 Family Point White, 2-coat Belf-priaed work. The regular formula of 9-28-44, using 270 pounds of 2132 Titanox RC HT, was altered to use Titanox RC HT-X, full substitution, because of the easy-grinding characteristics of the latter. A blend of RC HT-X with S0$ 1271 dry snatase titanium-cdciua was also tried. The final results are of interest mainly because of the unusually good durability for a second-grade paint. There is essentially no failure at either location. However, the Florida panels have looked bad in the past due to dirt and aLldow, and even at 36 months are chalking much too slowly for good clean-up. The Chicago panels suffered even more from lack of chalking, snd are heavily mildewed. The flCjlff-X and RC HT eeea equivalent, with 1271 causing a slightly greater chalking tendency. 0007-SWP-044418 0007-SWP-000113788 #97 - Cont. Paint Research March, I960 -20- (b) Dohydrol (5017) used for (2), for (48) and for both. Stellar to porilla, bat definitely less of the micro-failure in tints, possibly mere early dirt. (c) Defeydrol (2525) for all (48). As (5017), eveo bettor in some respects. (d) Maleic-treated linseed (2527) for all (48). Dirty end slight checking tendency at Florida, but a somewhat better record at Chicago. Quits a large number of toBts were also included to cover the uso of #200 oil in Rax 450 Undercoator, ns replacement for (2), for (48) and foT both, and as used under top coats of both formula typos, with end without the #200 oil. The Rax 450 changes, even involving bodied #200, had no marked effects. 2. Panels 9094-9101 F, C, Cof. wero examined after approximately four years' exposure vertical south at Florida, Coffeyvllla and Chicago (only 59 months). A "load sulfate-lead carbonate ladder" mokes up the teat, which is based on a Rax 471 SVP Gloss Vhite using 16-1/2 gallons of (48) bodied oil and a 50/50 rutile/ onatase Ti0a blond. The ladder involves only tha supplementary lead, running from 03 BCVt/143 BSWL to 1<1S BCWL/Q* B3VL in ZS steps. The panels are cedar bevel siding, prlmod with Rex 450 Undoreoater shaded gray. There are no significant trends in cither the final results or the early exposure history. Certain minor variations In the Coffeyville series might possibly bo interpreted as favoring BS'.'.'L slightly. Also the records of the first year at Florida show some signs of earlier chalking and less dirt due to BCWL. Quite a few instances have been found in other exposure series which show differences attributable to BCWL versus BSWL, so that we have come to expect n littLo more dirt with BSWL end possibly slightly Inferior durability. However, these test panels seem normal and dependable, -nd seem to show that the two materials eon give almost identical results even with three different locations involved. 0007-SWP-044419 0007-SWP-000113789 Faint Research March, I960 -19- m - swp m Exposures examined and reported during the month Include the followlngi 1. Panels 8519-79 F, CS, CM were examined at 48 months' exposure at Florida, vertical south, and 60 months at Chicago, north and south. All are cedar bevel siding, primed with Rax 450 Undercoater of matching shade. The main test is of Pittsburgh's #200 Extracted Linseed Oil. Space does not permit mention of all details of formulation and the accompanying results, tut the main group may bo summarised very.briofly as follows (reference is to #200 oil, as supplied, except where specified as "bodied," which was done hore); (a) Pre-war, high oil type formulas, For 25 , 50 end 1Q0 of (2) raw linseed oil in Rex 471 SWP Gloss White end Rox 375 Colonial fellow. About same as rogularathroughout, good appearance, slight early dirt tendan<y. Microscopic checking at Florida. (b) Bodied oil type formulas: (1) For 50 end 100)6 of (2), Satisfactory, as in (a). (2) For 50 and 100)6 of (48), all bodied #200 oil. Bad surface flaking, general failure. (5) For 1003 of both (2) end (48). Also bad, Indi cating that the oil In bodied form is definitely unsatisfactory. As a brief general sunnily of all the above tests, it may be said that there were many minor differences, especially in early dirt collection, but considering the relatively good general results at four end five years, w b cannot criticise #200 oil adversely, except that when bodied it gives poor results. A number of other oila, tested also in both pre-war and bodied oil white and tints, can only be listed here with brief notes, the general observation of many minor variations in rerolta also holding true of those: (a) Ferllla (3) for (2). Very clean and bright now, slightly dirty in the early stages, good durability but subject to microscopic checking at Florida. 0007-SWP-044420 0007-SWP-000113790 iXL-rSvai*. Faint Research Februaiy, 1950 -50- condition* The tint* are such nore dirty than the white* at both locations, the cause at Florida being largely mildew. Chalking la Just beginsleg at Florida, but la far anevgh along to causa incipient self-cleaning at Chicago. Florida (how* (5516) a* dirtiest, but Chicago testa an all very ouch alike, with (5516) not especially dirty in the past. The higher soya saaples hare a better record of gloss retention, end there ia aoae evidence of laaa fading, bat neither of these trends are as notiosable as the dirt collection. 0007-SWP-044421 0007-SWP-000113791 - Cant. Paint |Ra*earch February, 1950 -9- all teats mifotmly goo* at two jMn> with variations so alight that no definite choiea was possible. Sops, tut not all, of tba teats showed early dirt collection in excess of the guide paint (first 5 smiths), twt there was so correlation with the' ?scya-CHD content. The good results with these tests ere nore or less nullified ty two facts: (a) chinavood oil is no longer in a price rangewhioh would make it a desirable sub stitute for linseed, and (b) we have a large ouahar of tests car Boya in Bax 471, assy of which show certain disadvantages* Chimeg) results, briefly, confirm tbs general trend of good durability for these oils. The minor differences in dirt, as in the case of tbs Florida tests, do not add up to a trend with regard to the percaitages of the special oils used. S. Exposure series 15162-6 end 15289-46 were examined after approximately one year exposure at Florida, vertical acuth, and Chicago, north and south, all cedar bevel siding panels primed with regular Bex 450 Undercoator of matching shade* The finish coat tests arei Bax 471 SHP Glees White of April, 1949 using (510) linseed bodied oil at 4Q of vehicle solids ly volume. Sams, but using CV 49, a reduced 60/80/20 1ineeed/Boys./chinawood (48). This results in a binder of 80/12/8$ linseed/ecya/cUO. Same, but using (5516), an 80/20 eoya/CWD blend, resulting in 60/58/0% linssed/scya/CW binder. Same oil contents in three samples of Bex 465 SWF Colonial Tallow. The point of particular interest la this test is the soya content} although the (5516) formula has been used in production, we have never felt quite safe in going that high in soya content. Series 15162-9 wi pnpftTvd in warm weather, 15239-46 in late October, using idantloal paint samples. The actual times of exposure referred to at present vary from 9 months for 15259-46 at Chisago to 16 months for the sene at Florida, tut in the following conment the entire history of each group of test panels is taken into consideration. Rex 471 looks good and quite clean at all locations, with a slight trend toward more dirt and slower clean-up due to (5816). There is no evidence of differences due to the painting 0007--SWP-044422 0007-SWP-000113792 Paint Research February^ 1960 -28- #97 - Gent. Panel* 14809-18 CS, CWand F war* prepared for exposure at Chicago, south art north vertica)., and south vertical in Florida. Tbaf compare magnesium silicate* 20 dvy, lytol 800 and Nytal 400 in SWP Gloss White. See page 28, Jqnua^ ** far detail*. The following group* cfT exposure panel* were oxnmined during the month) ! 1. Panel* 11648 >.68 1, C ware examined after 24 nonth* ct Florida, vertical south and 28 booths at Chisago, both north and south. The top coat* are Rax 471 SWF Gloss White* testing AVM-1 end AVM-4 through AVH-B, blown ecya oil* fra* the VagetaNLa Products Rsaaaroh Lab- oratovy, The guide paint la an sll-llnaeed formula, and one tost paint carries (8816), whioh 1* 80 *cyu/20 ohinawood. The Res 480 Onderooataiuaed an most test sgratenn ha* & (8316)-(12T5) toys vehicle. One of the iVM oil* 1* 10(9 *olids, the others are 70S. They vary in body, color and acid value (very slightly, all about 2); all are uaed at 40$ of total oil, whiph we considered a earlsaw amount practicable for good clsen-up. There are slight differences in dirt collection in the past, but aost data paints to tha sene tentative canolasioa aa the preamt Florida resalts, namely that all tha soya* tend to be slightly more dirty than tha linseed guides. Thera ia soma microscopic chocking and cracking at Florida, but only an* ample la obviously poor. This is AVH-0j which is tha highest bodied of the special oils, darkest in color, but one of several having an acid value of leva than 2. In general, these oils appear to be satisfactory up to two year* but not equal to linseed in either appearance or durability. 2. Exposure* 11997 - 12008 F war* examined after 24 months at Florida, vortical south, and a report issued with notes cm Chicago panels, north, and south, at 28 Booths. HI are cedar bevel siding panels, primed with reytlar&ex 410 flbdercoater, end testing a striaa of bodied chinavoodacya oil blends prepared in early 1947 when chlnavood oil visa relatively cheap and readily available. Sex 471 SWF Gloss Whit* of 4-25-47 i* the basin a*kl guide formula, using 19 gallons of (46) thm bodied linseed and 29-8/8 gallons of (2) raw linseed. The test fowlaa use two oil blanda at 50/50$ (140) chlnavood/ (1278) soya end two at 38/67$ (140)/(1275), one sanpl* of each type being cooked to a body of about SO seconds, tha other to about 20 seconds. These vers node Into paints of varying oil compositions. The lighter bodied oils were uaed at (roughly) 5 to 1 with (2), equal parts, and all test oil, the heavier cnee were used at the s o bs proportion as regular (48), and at 25-3/4 and 28 gallons aa against 19. Florida results shewed l 1 0007-SWP-044423 0007-SWP-000113793 Paint Research February, 1950 -27- Batch Color_______ Gloat -- - BnrtM,Sstrto-Touch QDClte 0J 896 R 07 887 V 07 888 M 07 889 H Characteristic Slightly nore yellow then 07 886 V ft m Good Slightly lover than 07 886 H II Vary slightly lower than 07 886 H 6 hr. 80 Bin. Good S hr. - ft 4 hr. 8 hr. - n 11 The Resin Research Departaent has prepared a seasple of bodied offlowr RC 4266 for test in SVP. Faints wars Bade using 40< of the oil as BC 4266, (BIO) and 07 49. An additional point was also nads using 4Cg RC 4266 and 605C raw safflower. RC 4866 Body - 64 A. 7.- 8.9 Color-4 + The abort paints compared as follows. Batch Character- Viscosity #8 07 8911 IMP COoas White Card 00 Using Cl 49 29.6" 86.8* 07 892R Using (810) 24.6* 80.4" 07 8991 Using (2) and RC 4266 Bodied Safflower SO.8" 47.0" OJ; 894# Using raw 88.0" 46.2" safflower and RC 4266 Character Good istic ft ft ft SI. SI. It sticky short ftIf n Daring Set-toGloss Char* 7 hr. Good actor- 50 min. istic ft 5 hr. * SI. 7 hr. low 55 ain. It 6 hr. " 10 min. 0007-SWP-044424 0007-SWP-000113794 Paint Research February, 1960 -86- #t? -BMP 471 The Vamish-Reain Laboratory baa submitted two special (46) bodied oils based on the use of Debydrol G and IP 1066 (70 seconds dehydrated castor oil) as raplacaianta for the chinawod ooatact in,(48). 2ELZ5S2 CTV 7090 Oils (606 (44), 50* (1278) (206 Delydrol G (606 (44), 506 (1876) (206 IV 1068 Body 56-1/8* 66* A. 7. 10 7.6 Color 5-6 6-6 Solids 1006 1006 The two special (dBj's. we quite similar to linseed (510) in general performance but all paints were somewhat short in flow. She Initial viscosities were slightly low and all paints showed a con siderable increase in viscosity after 24 hours' storage. The paints are to be checked for further Inore&ees in viscosity after two or three weeks' storage. In the following chart CT 49 is reduced (48). Visoosity Batch (Umrurttarlstlee Freeh 0Kite Brush Plow OJ 886 H SBP Gloss White 7onails 11-18-49 U sing Cl 48 58.2" 45.4" Good - Good 03 887 f Using (510) 26.2" 45.4* Good Fair (Short) 0J 886 H Using 017 7589 28.2" 46.0* Good Fair (Short) OJ 689 N Using CTV 7590 24.6" 59.0" Good Fair (SI. short) Note: Botch B87 R node with (510) -ie ^qqmevhat shorter In flow than usual when node with all linseed oil. (Cant.) \ 0007-SWP-044425 0007-SWP-000113795 Palat Rsmearob January, 1960 -22- WrJtt.Hk Hr invitation from the Forest Service, 0, S. Department of Agriculture, K. Van Loo attended a meeting in Y&ahington, 0. C. January 50, 51, and February 1 as a member of a group representing the National Paint, Vareiah end Laoquar Association. This group met with certain government officials end specification writers, representatives from the Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, lasurenee ooaponiea, farmer cooperatives, etc. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss whether a aystea of classification of house and barn paints could be set up to serve the purpose advocated ty the U. S. Department of Agri culture. A United number of copies of our own presentation (but with out exhibits) are available to those especially interested. Ve stated that s cyaten of classification such as set up ty Dr Browne in Technlcal Bulletin Ho. 604 was confusing, impractical, technically unaund, obsolete, misleading, end restrictive on future research and Inprov--t, "Coatings,* issue of February 6, 1960 sousd up tbs weetlag as followst "Despite the fact that all except the goVernaeut representative* agreed that the paint classification system was obsolete, impracticable and technically inaocurets, the Chaizamm announced that he would reno--nd 1mediate revision of Technis&l Bulletin 804, with subsequent revision from time to time, publication and distribution of explanatory material and oootinaaticc, of their classification of specific paints upon request ty any one at any tins. "The action was denounced ty Freeideni Bsttlsy as bureaucratic. It was evident that the govenawot representatives hod come to ths meeting with linde already mads up on the subject. ' The whole- matter will be brought to ths attention of the Secretary of Agriculture pointing out the fast that the conference was not contacted in accordance with our understanding." ` . nh prepared RC 4255 bodied safflower seed oil for test 1m WTi_ S tirilj- of 68" (Z, - Z,), acid value of 16-and color replace (48) it produced paint which ms much: too MfSfUft ttsenaStte. probably because of both the viscosity and acid alms wtXflis ; V , Reala Research also prepared two linseed-styrene copolymers DC 4767 abd RC 4790 for evaluation in SUP. These materials are similar in composition but higher in solids than tba llnaeed-aiyrens copolymer CV 4586 used in the new Exterior Mill Primer E60 V C12. Rouae paints formulated with 4CS( of tire binder as RC 4767 and/or RC 4790 were very heavy in body and low in gloss. Apparently this type of vehicle is not suitable for use with conventional paint pigmentationa. ^ j j \ i 0007-SWP-044426 0007-SWP-000113796 -25- m.zSS&r Paint* were prepared for exposure in which magnesium silicates 20 dry and 312 diy (Kytal 300) wen oonpared with Hytal 400 in SWP Gloss White. Two aeta of paints war* nade, with the first- group shewing unusually low viscosities and the second unusually high viscosities. This appeared to be due to differences in the 07 48, the reduced (46) used. It was rather surprising that the grinding rates wen almost Identical, which might not be true In long factory tuns. Inert Peed Grinding Tlscosltr #3 Batch Dw So. 0Jl . Grind _ Rata Fresh 6 Daws Brush Flaw Gloss 767 N 20 dry 30.3 2 H 2' - 20" 30.4* 62.6" 81. G - G sticky 788 H 312 dry 42.0 2 H 2* - 27* a.4" 42.2" Si. + Short G - sticky 769 tf Nytal 400 -- 2 H 2' - 42" Too Too hey hvy Very Very a sticky short The following groups of bouse paint exposures were examined during the month! 1. 6060-7 7. 48 months Florida, vertical south. Report combined with series 7344-61 C3 and CM, 67 months exposure,- south and north vertical Chicago. To test theories of Titanium Pigment Corporation regarding low FTC's and neutralised oil Vehicles, ualng S-V or Lowe Brothers vehicles. Conclusions a* follows} - A. A nozaal PTC (2S$) fowls, based on 32.3$ zinc oxide, 27-1/%$ lead and 16$ R-200 rutile titanium using Lowe Brothers V-10, 7-7% and 7-36 loaded oils shows results about the same in general as these of a sample using S-V (516) blown oil for a). Both are satisfactory, but the one with f-^9L hgvb* noticeably more dirty. B* tt(Jh FfC fomilae tested have & similar formula, but slightly ' lower Sine and only 22$ lead. In one sample, the three leaded oils as* combined with (2) linseed and (348) mineral spirits to give a vehicle of 69*7$ NVH, By increasing ex tender and decreasing thinner, the same PVC (35$) is main tained with a 78.4$ H7M la the vehicle. The former (low SVM) seems poorer in clean-up and shows a slightly poorer film. ! 0007-SWP-044427 0007-SWP-000113797 January, 1960 -24- C. The low PVC teats (22%) use increased active pipsnts, taaieally 59% sine oxide, 50% lead and 25% titanlus. The only Lowe Brothers oil used is V-S6, at about 12 gallons. Tbs basic vehiflle uses 4-1/4 gallons of (213), 10 each of (319) and (320) and 27-5/4 gallons of (2), and 40 pounds of magne sium silicate is used with this forala; This seaple is inferior to the two variations tested with it, as it has a heavy sigmoid check pattern at Florida, while the others Show only moderate erosion. These are Bade ty eliminating the extender and, in one caae, the (319) > in the other, both (319) and (213); In general, these low CTC's did remarkably Well for about two years at Florida and three years Chicago; but at three end four years, with weathering becoming more harsh, tfasy begin to look definitely inferior. In some cases; the differ ence is still only in erosion and still rather slight. 2. Panels 6693-6TD5 F, C. 4 yean Florida; sotth vertical and 45 months Chicago, north and south vertical. Bax 471 SWP Gloss White of 10-4-43, bodied oil type with 50/60 rutile/aaatase titaniums and a PTC of 367% was used as the control, with experimental paints tested running from 25% to 56% PVC in 1% steps. The aain change was a gradual decrease in (2) linseed oil as the PVC was Increased, but the lover steps re quired a slightly lowered 20 L magnesium silicate oontent to maintain good brushing, with a moderate cumulative increase in thinner; (48) bodied oil vcs maintained at 19 gallons, which is the amount In use at present. There is a very consistent pattern of equivalence throughout the history at all locations. The final appearance of all is about the same at each location, not particularly good at Chicago because of the erosion and show-through of the gray primer; but generally tiTBh. At one time there seemed to be a slight trend toward greets* dlra*?ov PVC, but nhnlking rates soon evened up and siyitrywl--a* was the general rule. The logical conclusion would appear to be that holding (48) at 19 gallons as a constant counteraotsA the twdmjfly of the film to be weakened ty under-pigmentation. 3. Exposures 15223-38 F, C. 12 months Florida; vertical south, and 14-1/2 months Chicago, North and south vertical; Rex 471 SWF Gloss White of 2-9-48 using all 1403 snetesa titanium and Rex 478 SWP Geneva Cream of 7-31-47, varied by using various soybean oils to replace the 19 gallons of (48); A Rex 471 sample using 2269 dry Titanox RA-IO-MO rutile titanium is used ns a guide for the whites, A special sample tests a paint using 1405/2269, equal parts, with all linseed vehicle. The series wae prepared and exposed in Nov ember, 1948; it is actually a duplicate of series 12914-29 F, C 0007-SWP-044428 0007-SWP-000113798 #97 Con-1;, Point Rue&Kh January, 1960 -25- (sea November, 1949 monthly report), which was pat out in hot summer weather* The oils tested am SB 8474 - Bis soya* air-blow (old number, CV-7067) KB 8471 - SO,-treated soya ( * * CV-7028) RB 8472 - Catalyst-bodied soya( * " CV-7029) SB 8473 - B0/2CJt (1273) Boya/(140) CW, bodied (old number CVR-S84) SB 8477 - Pittsburgh's 99-600 selected scya> bodied (old no-, CVH-670) All white tests at Florida look good, dean and white, tut the guide paint is slightly gray in appearance, only partially dus to greater dirt collection. Chalking is slight^ with practically no differences. The tints show essentially no chalk, and the guide, the SB 8474 paint and the Pittsburgh sample she* higher gloss than the others* Pittsburgh's sample seams a little more faded than the others* Dirt, mostly mildew, is worse on all the test tints than on the guide, except that Pittsburgh is about the same, RB 8474 seems to show tbs most dirt, Chicago testa in the white look equally clean at 14-1/2 months, but the guide (2289 dry) is dirtier, end in tha first 8 months the all-1405 sample looked cleanest, the ecyas somewhat dirty. All soyas shoved somewhat mors aarly gloss than the linseeds, but equal chalk ing, Pittsburgh's seemed a little cleaner in the early stages than the experimental*. RB 8474 seems wety "thin*i partly due to erosion. All soya tints at 14-1/2 months are definitely more faded sad dirty 4. tufmame aerie* WK4-71 was examined after exactly 6 months expo sing ypne th'Beesaber 6, 1949, Identical panels being exposed at firm: locations, as follows* Miami, Florida Coffeyrille, Kansas Vickenburg, Arizona Chicago, south Chicago, north (house paint type only) 0007-SWP-044429 0007-SWP-000113799 Paint Research January, I960 -E6- #97 - W, The purpose m to test the behavior of various representa tive finishes under the varied climatic conditions represented, The Idea originated with letters soliciting exposure business at tfiek3nburg, Aidxona, for which location a claim of " 90? of poBible" sunshine (aa against 66g forMlfeml) was made, Though realizing that daiqneea, frost end assy other factors are also Important in expo sure tasting, we decided to give this looation a trial, emphasizing (a) possible advantage* for rapid weathering of certain types of finishes and (b) the display value of a group of varied fonulas tested at these different locations. A complete report with graphs and tabulations of results was mimeographed and distributed, and some copies ere still available, Due to the fact that ell materials tested are regular fonulas, whose behavior is generally understood, only the highlights of differences due to location need be preseeited hex*. The panels were prepared by the various department* of the Chioagj plant especially interested, using their best procedure for preparation in each case. Following are the materials tested, with a brief digest of results; Group A. House Paints. On cedar bevel siding, vertical exposure. 1. Hex 471 SWP Close Vhite, both self-primed and with Rea 460 Underooeter, 2* Rex 436 Fume Resisting (leadless) White, ditto, 5. CH 469T One Coat House Paint White, over Rea 450. 4. Rex 46000 Korn Bulletin White, two coats self-primed. 6, Res RGB Family Paint (old lithopons type), 2 eoate self-primed, e Rea S^Ftaad-in-oil, 5 coats as per label, >o fttm.'feitaKRh any ease. The majority show only tracee of chalk ing, with tha greatest amount, #6 at Miami, only "slight." Gloss on #1 and #2 (most important for our purposes) is the same (eggshell) at Miami, Coffeyville end Vickonburg, somewhat lass at Chicago, Florida aet vexy poor due to mildew} Viokenburg characterized by clearness, but Coffeyville nearly aa clean. 0007-SWP-044430 Palat Bmmk January, I960 -27- #97 - Coot*: Grouri B. Metal ProtectiYsland Automotive. Steal panels, 45 ooirth exposure*. - 1. ReX 27599, C 5097 Metalaatic Gray owr Rex 16174, C 2747 Xfcoalk Primer. 2. Carded Vinyl systejj, top coet P44 A C8, grey. 5.- F65 V 1 Kan Lustral ilhits taimstT Green, both 4B one ooet end with K61 A 1 Primer. 4* F2 M 5 Ruby Maroon Korn Transport Enamel aed 'FI A 99 Fold Birch Gray, with B67 11 C3 Primer. 5. Opex lacquer System, light Gray sad Maroon, LIA 99 (P) and L2 M 5 top coats. Except for Ho. 1, an oleoreslnaas formula, thase finishes show rela tively alight loss of gloss and very little chalking. Rather sur prisingly Vlckenburg tests shoo the least loss of gloss of the four locations, although averaging very sinil&r to Coffsyville or Chicago* Miami shows greatest loss of gloss, part of which auy be due to heavy mildew and dirt. Automotive laboratory am who examined the panels, emphasising thsir routine procedure of poliahing a strip an each, pronounced the Florida panels definitely most informative for their purposes. Vicksburg panels were very dean, with leas natural fading and lass color change after pnt-teMwg than the Florida sat* This conclusion carries over to tbs non-eutoootive finishes, In a geosral way* Group C* Clear Vanishes* On g x 12 x 5/8* maple, 45 south exposure. " *J>* "''''jiffeSl./ iJh HIMUfc. 4 1159* Rexpar, Sort tung oil phaeolic, - B Sfnt eoets* ?:J> I'T v _ A*.; BIB V 4, 6 129 Korn Finishing Clear, medium eoyalinseed IS E. alley*; ditto* Comparisons of the locations are not conclusive in this cose, mainly because the Florida panels were so heavy with mildew that gloss end color evaluations were difficult. Gloss was surprisingly good at Vickecburg, and darkening of both the film and the wood was noticeably greater than at the other locations. Light checking or erasing of the Rexpar was the only ease of film failure in the entire series. ] ] | i 0007-SWP-044431 0007-SWP-000113801