Document QKkXxYL262Kq9YRyQgDnZ61k
BACK TO MAIN
ACCUMULATION OF PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONATE AND RELATED FLUOROCHEMICALS IN MARINE MAMMALS
John P. Giesy* Kurunthachalam Kannan Department o f Zoology, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, M I 48824, USA
*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Prof. J.P. Giesy
218C National Food Safety and Toxicology Center Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
Tel: (517)-353-2000; Fax: 517-432-2310; E-mail: igiesv@aol.com
Prepared for: 3M St. Paul, MN June 20, 2001
1
BACK TO MAIN
SUMMARY
This report is a compilation of results of a global monitoring survey of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHS) in marine mammals. Tissues of marine mammals collected from Florida, California and Alaskan coastal waters, the northern Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Arctic (Spitsbergen) and Sable Island in Canada were analyzed for the presence of PFOS, FOSA, PFOA and PFHS. PFOS was detected in liver and blood of marine mammals from most locations including those from Arctic waters. FOSA, PFOA and PFHS were rarely detected in the tissues of marine mammals. The greatest concentrations of PFOS found in liver and blood were 1520 ng/g wet wt in bottlenose dolphin from Sarasota Bay, Florida, and 475 ng/mL in ringed seal from the northern Baltic Sea (Bothnian Sea), respectively.
INTRODUCTION
This report provides compilation of data on PFOS and other fluorochemicals in tissues of marine mammals from coastal and open ocean waters, including the Arctic Ocean.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Samples. Tissue samples of marine mammals species analyzed include: pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps), short-snouted spinner dolphin (Stenella clymene), striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba), rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis), bottlenose dolphin (Tursopis truncatus), California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), northern elephant seal (Mirounga augustirostris), harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus), southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis), polar bear (Ursus maritimus), Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus), ringed seal (Phoca hispida), gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) and Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii). Samples included liver and blood as well as a few samples of brain and kidney from sea otters. The marine mammals analyzed in this study originated from coastal waters of Florida including the Gulf of Mexico, California, Alaska, northern Baltic Sea (Bothnian Bay), the Mediterranean Sea, the Arctic (Spitsbergen), Sable Island in Canada and Terra Nova Bay in the Antarctic. Similarly, livers of bottlenose and striped dolphins and Balenoptera physalus, Delphinus delphi, Globicephala melas were collected along the Italian coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the 1990s. Tissues of marine mammals were acquired from federal or state agencies or university laboratories. All samples were collected under permission of relevant state or federal agencies. Blood samples of ringed and gray seals were collected from the Bothinan Bay in the Baltic Sea, from Spitsbergen in the Arctic Ocean (ringed seals) and from Sable Island in Canada (gray seals). The Weddell seal was collected from Terra Nova Bay in Antarctica. Information regarding collection date, age, sex and cause of death were recorded when available. Tissues of most individual aquatic mammals were obtained from stranded dead animals. Samples were obtained to represent
2
BACK TO MAIN
various geographical locations including the Arctic and the Antarctic. Common and Scientific names of all the marine mammal species analyzed are given in Appendix X.
Analysis Details of the analytical procedures have been outlined in standard operating procedures for the analysis of fluorochemicals in tissues which are stated below. Preparatory Methods. ETS-8-6.0, "Extraction of Potassium Perfluorooctanesulfonate or other Fluorochemical Compounds from Liver for Analysis using HPLCElectrospray/Mass Spectrometry". 3M Environmental Laboratory, St. Paul, MN. & ETS8-4, Extraction of Potassium Perfluorooctanesulfonate or other Fluorochemical Compounds from Serum for Analysis using HPLC-Electrospray/Mass Spectrometry". 3M Environmental Laboratory, St. Paul, MN. The analytical work was generated by the 3M Environmental Laboratory. (Refer to Reference (1) for the specific reports.)
An ion-pairing reagent was added to the sample and the analyte ion pair was partitioned into methyl-tert-butyl ether (MtBE). The extract was transferred to a centrifuge tube and put onto a nitrogen evaporator until dry. Each extract was reconstituted in 1.0 mL of methanol, and then filtered through a 3 cc plastic syringe attached to a 0.2 pm nylon filter into glass autovials.
Analytical Methods. ETS-8-7.0, "Analysis of Potassium Perfluorooctanesulfonate or other Fluorochemicals in Liver Extracts Using HPLC-Electrospray/Mass Spectrometry". 3M Environmental Laboratory, St. Paul, MN.
The analyses were performed using HPLC-ES/MS/MS by monitoring a single product ion selected from a primary ion characteristic of a particular fluorochemical. For example, molecular ion 499, selected as the primary ion for PFOS (C8F 17SO}-) analysis, was fragmented further to produce ion 99 (FSO3-). The characteristic product ion 99 was monitored for quantitative analysis.
Analytical Equipment The following are representative of the actual settings used during the analytical phase of this study.
Liquid Chromatograph: Hewlett-Packard Series 1100 Liquid Chromatograph system Analytical column: Keystone BetasilTM C18 2x50 mm (5 pm) Column temperature: Ambient; Mobile phase components:
Component A: 2mM ammonium acetate Component B: methanol Flow rate: 300 pL/min Injection volume: 10 pL Solvent Gradient: 16.0 minutes Time (minutes) %B 0.0 10% 1.0 10%
3
BACK TO MAIN
6.0 90% 11.0 100% 13.0 10%
Mass Spectrometer: Micromass API/Mass Spectrometer Quattro IITM Triple Quadrupole system Software: Mass Lynx 3.4 Cone Voltage: 30-60 V Collision Gas Energy: 25-45 eV
Mode: Electrospray Negative Source Block Temperature: 150C 10C Electrode: Z-spray Analysis Type: Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM)
Target Ions Monitored in 3M Laboratory Analyses
Target Analyte Primary Ion (AMU) Product Ion (AMU)
PFOS
499
80, 99
FOSA
498
78
PFOA
413
169
PFHS THPFOS1
399 427
99 80
1THPOS, Tetra-hydro perfluorooctanesulfonate, is used as a surrogate to monitor for gross instrument failure.
Data Quality Objectives and Data Integrity The following data quality objectives were indicated in the method performance section of ETS-8-7.0, Analysis of Potassium Perfluorooctanesulfonate or Other Fluorochemicals in Liver Extracts Using HPLC-Electrospray/Mass Spectrometry:
Linearity: The coefficient of determination (r2) equal to or greater than 0.980. Limits of Quantitation (LOQ): The LOQ is equal to the lowest acceptable standard in the calibration curve. Acceptable Spike Recoveries: Matrix spikes prepared in rabbit liver must be recovered at 70-130% for the analytical run to be valid. Blanks: Matrix or surrogate matrix blanks must have a peak area < U the peak area of the lowest acceptable standard (LOQ).
Summary of Quality Control Analyses Results Linearity: The coefficient of determination (U) of the standard curve was >0.980. Calibration Standards: Quantitation of the target analytes was based on a quadratic curve weighted 1/x of a single, opening or two bracketing unextracted curves for each group of samples. High or low points on the curve may have been deactivated to provide a better fit over the curve range most appropriate to the data. Low curve points with peak areas less than two times that of the extraction blanks were deactivated to disqualify a data range that may have been significantly affected by background levels of the analyte.
4
BACK TO MAIN
Occasionally, a single mid-range curve point that was an obvious outlier may have been deactivated. Quantitation of each analyte was based on the response of one or more specific product ion(s) using the multiple reaction-monitoring mode of the instrument. Calibration standards were prepared to run, undiluted, approximately within the linear range of the instrument (approximately 0.5-1000 ng/g).
Limits of Quantitation (LOQ): The LOQ is equal to the lowest acceptable standard in the calibration curve (defined as a standard within 30% of the theoretical value), and is at least two times the analyte peak area detected in the surrogate matrix blanks. Because low levels of the target analytes are ubiquitous in the laboratory, it is imperative that these criteria for LOQ determination be observed. The approximate LOQ for each analyte in each matrix is listed on the results summary table.
Blanks: All blanks were below the limit of quantitation for the compounds of interest, except for one water blank for PFHS. These outliers will not adversely affect the outcome of this study. Given the nature of the samples encompassed by this study, the wellcharacterized matrix of rabbit liver was used as surrogate tissue for matrix blanks. These surrogate matrix blanks were < 'Athe level of the LOQ.
Precision, Instrumental: Instrumental precision was not specifically determined within the course of this study. In other, similar liver/tissue studies, instrumental precision has been determined to be better than 7% for all target analytes.
Matrix Spikes: At least one set of matrix spikes was prepared for each type of tissue from each type of animal; spikes were prepared at approximately 600 ng/g.
Recoveries of PFOS varied widely depending on the species and matrix. Therefore, adequate caution should be exercised in interpreting the results. For instance, in polar bear liver, PFOS was recovered at 59+/-3% and 55+/-1%, respectively. Therefore, polar bear liver data is considered to be accurate to +/-50%. Matrix spike recoveries are summarized in Appendix XI.
To verify the status of the extraction and analytical systems, matrix spikes were also prepared in a well-characterized surrogate matrix, rabbit liver. The matrix spike studies conducted in rabbit were all acceptable (+/-30%) for those analytical runs used when reporting data for samples and matrix spikes.
Demonstration of Specificity: Specificity for analyte identification was demonstrated by chromatographic retention time and mass spectral daughter ion characterization. Additional confirmatory tests were performed for PFOS. In the electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESMSMS) system, the 499 Da -> 80 Da transition can provide a stronger signal than the 499 Da -> 99 Da transition of the PFOS analysis. However, in the analysis of tissue samples collected from some species of animals, an unidentified interferent was present in the 499 Da -> 80 Da transition. Although this interferent is
5
BACK TO MAIN
rarely observed, to ensure complete selectivity, quantitation was based on the 499 Da -> 99 Da transition.
To verify the identity of the detected analyte, in samples determined to contain PFOS at > 70 ng/g (liver or other tissue), at least 2 transitions were monitored and showed quantitative agreement to within +/-30%. Typically, 499>99 and 499>80 transitions were monitored. On the occasions that these two transitions differed by more than 30%, the sample was re-analyzed monitoring the 499>130 transition. This third transition showed quantitative agreement with the reported data from the 499>99 determination.
Statement of Data Quality It is not possible to verify true recovery of endogenous analyte from tissues without radiolabelled reference material. The only measurement of accuracy available at this time, matrix spike studies, indicate that the data can be reported with a stated accuracy of either +/-30%, +/-50%. The recoveries fall below 50%, reported data should be considered semi-quantitative. Details of matrix spike recoveries are summarized in Appendix XI. The concentrations of PFOS, FOSA, PFOA and PFHS were not corrected for the recoveries of the surrogate standard or matrix spike recoveries. The concentrations reported in the Tables were not corrected for purity of the PFOS standard. Also, no attempt was made to correct the fluorochemical concentrations for moisture content in relevant tissues such as liver.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
For the purpose of this discussion, the samples were grouped to represent five geographical regions: U.S. east coast (Florida), U.S. west coast (California, Oregon and Washington), Alaska, temperate and polar regions (Baltic Sea, Spitsbergen and Sable Island), the Mediterranean Sea, and the Antarctic. The analytical results for individual samples are given in Appendices I to VIII. FOSA, PFOS and PFHS were rarely detected in marine mammal tissues. See appendices I to VIII for detection limits for FOSA, PFOS and PFHS.
Florida coastal waters. PFOS was found in livers of all of the small cetaceans collected from the East coast of Florida and the Gulf of Mexico (Table 1). Concentrations of PFOS in the livers of cetaceans ranged from 6.6-1520 ng/g, wet wt. The average concentration of PFOS in livers of bottlenose dolphins was 489356 ng/g, wet wt.
California coastal waters. Concentrations of PFOS in livers of pinnipeds (sea lions and seals) collected from coastal waters of California were less than those found in cetaceans from coastal waters of Florida (Table 2). Among the four species of pinnipeds analyzed, the livers of northern fur seals contained the greatest PFOS concentration of 132 ng/g, wet wt. Mean concentrations of PFOS in livers of California sea lion and harbor seal were 27 ng/g, wet wt, approximately 20-fold less than those found for bottlenose dolphins from Florida.
6
BACK TO MAIN
Alaska waters. Livers of northern fur seals and polar bears and blood of northern fur seal, polar bears and Steller sea lions from Pribilof Islands, Beaufort Sea and southeastern coastal waters of Alaska were analyzed for the presence of PFOS (Tables 3 and 4). Livers of northern fur seal were from pups of less than 4 months or sub-adults of 2-4 years. PFOS was detected in livers of 5 of 13 individuals (38%). Livers from polar bears collected from Alaska contained PFOS concentrations of up to 678 ng/g, wet wt in livers. The presence of PFOS in livers of polar bears and northern fur seals from locations such as coastal waters of Alaska suggests the transport and distribution of PFOS or precursors to more remote marine locations. A second set of 14 livers of polar bear also contained concentrations of PFOS less than 640 ng/g, wet wt (see appendix).
PFOS was not found in the blood samples of northern fur seals collected from Pribilof Islands in 1995 at levels above the limits of quantitation (6 ng/mL) (Table 4). Similarly, blood of Steller sea lions collected from the southeast coast of Alaska did not contain quantifiable concentrations of PFOS. However, all of the blood samples collected from polar bears in the Beaufort Sea (n=14) collected in 1999 contained PFOS concentrations ranging from 27 to 52 ng/mL (mean: 34 ng/mL).
Temperate and Arctic waters. All of the blood samples of ringed seals (n=46) collected from Spitsbergen in the Arctic and from the northern Baltic Sea contained detectable concentrations of PFOS (Table 5). Blood from a four-year old male ringed seal collected in 1998 from the Baltic Sea was determined to contain the greatest PFOS concentration of 475 ng/mL in blood. Livers of ringed seal from the Baltic Sea contained PFOS concentrations of up to 1100 ng/g, wet wt.
Similar to ringed seals, gray seal blood collected from animals in the northern Baltic Sea and Sable Island in Canada was determined to contain PFOS (Table 5). Concentrations of PFOS in gray seal blood were significantly less than those found in ringed seals from the Baltic Sea (p<0.01).
Mediterranean Sea. Concentrations of PFOS determined in blood of captive bottlenose dolphins from Italian coasts (n=4) ranged from 42 to 210 (meanSD: 143+63) ng/mL (Table 6). Four of five livers collected from bottlenose dolphins from Italian coast contained quantifiable concentrations of PFOS. Concentrations of PFOS in livers of bottlenose dolphins that contained measurable concentrations were 270+100 ng/g, dry wt (Table 6). The mean (+SD) concentration of PFOS in livers of striped dolphins was 100+35 ng/mL.
Baikal Lake and Caspian Sea: Caspian seals did not contain PFOS in their blood while the livers of Baikal seals contained up to 22 ng/mL PFOS.
Antarctica. Only one sample of Weddell seal liver was available for the analysis of fluorinated organic chemicals. PFOS was not measured above the limit of quantitation of 35 ng/g.
7
BACK TO MAIN REFERENCE (1) 3M Environmental Laboratory, St. Paul, MN LIMs Report numbers; W2491, W3197, E00-1386, E00-1634, E00-1922, E00-2456, E00-2701, E01-0118.
8
BACK TO MAIN
Table 1. Concentrations of PFOS in Livers (ng/g, wet wt) of Cetaceans Found Stranded Along Florida Coastal Waters
Species
Sex Age Length (cm) Date
Waterbody PFOS
Pygmy sperm whale
M NA
283 2/18/00 Atlantic Ocean 23.0
M >20
290*
8/16/94 Anclote River
6.6
Mean (n=2)
14.8
Short-snouted spinner dolphin F 3
161 6/15/95 Gulf of Mexico 168
F4
154 6/15/95 Gulf of Mexico 122
F >18
183 6/15/95 Gulf of Mexico 78.7
Mean (n=3)
123
SD 36.3
Striped dolphin
M 13-16
208
7/3/97 Gulf of Mexico 36.6
M 15
225 9/23/94 Venice Inlet 388
Mean (n=2)
212
Rough-toothed dolphin
F7
218
12/3/95
Tampa Bay
65.6
F 15
243 11/27/95 Anna Maria Sound 42.8
Mean (n=2)
54.2
Bottlenose dolphin
F 25
245 7/16/97 Palma Sola Bay 734
F 22+ 236 7/25/98 Palma Sola Bay 487
F 234 11/22/99 Sarasota Bay 716
F 20< 241 2/26/99 Anna Maria Sound 483
M NA
283 3/04/00 Gulf of Mexico 824
F 10 236 2/7/92 Gulf of Mexico 48.2
M4
214
4/28/96 Sarasota Bay
1520
F5
209 9/6/91 Gulf of Mexico 291
M4
210 9/26/91 Anna Maria Sound 557
F 3.5
214 10/29/91 Gulf of Mexico 551
M 1.5
169 12/19/92 Gulf of Mexico 411
F8
239
2/15/94
Peace River
402
F 16
258 4/12/92 Anna Maria Sound 97.1
M 11.5
199 8/16/94 Gulf of Mexico 60.9
F 44
250
8/9/96
Sarasota Bay
603
M 12
254 3/10/96 Gulf of Mexico 180
F 50+
251
1/5/94 Gulf of Mexico 75.3
M 18
274 12/24/95 Gulf of Mexico 141
F 23+
239
8/27/95 Sarasota Bay
614
M8
229
3/24/95
Peace River
979
Mean (n=20)
489
SD 356
NA: not available; Values below the detection limit were not included in calculating the mean.
9
BACK TO MAIN
Table 2. Concentrations (ng/g, wet wt) of PFOS in Livers of Aquatic Mammals from the West Coast of the United States
Species California Sea Lion
Location Pismo Beach
San Simeon Oceano Cayucos
San Francisco Morro Bay
Date Sex Age class 11/20/97 Female Adult
10/24/97 7/26/96 8/5/93 10/22/95 7/26/94
Female Female Female Male Male
Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult
Cause of death Gunshot to head, Early carcinoma
Entangled in fishing net Interstitial nephritis Renal disease
Septicemia, Interstitial nephritis Hydronephrosis, Paralysis
Elephant Seal Harbor Seal
Miramar Beach Lundborgh Beach
Crecent City
Pebble Beach Pebble Beach
4/14/97 5/13/97 3/13/92
7/03/91 9/01/91
Female Male Male
Female Male
1yr Weaner Yearling
Yearling Yearling
Skin disease, septicemia Pneumonia, Otostronglyus arteritis Skin disease, Verminous pneumonia,
Pyothorax Septicemia, Skin disease
Skin disease, Hemorragic gastrointestinal tract
Coastal California Abbott's lagoon
Tiburon
1991 6/26/97 10/02/97
Female Male Female
Pup Pup/Calf
Adult
Pneumonia Meningocephalitis, Hepatitis
Northern fur seal River otter
NA Willamette River
Willamette River Fort Ward, Washington
Yaquina River Silverdale, WA
10/29/97 1996-97 1996-97 1996-97
1996-97 1996-97
NA Male Male Male
Male Male
NA Adult Adult Adult
Adult Adult
Sea otter liver
Monterey San Luis Obispo San Luis Obispo San Luis Obispo San Luis Obispo
Santa Barbara county
San Luis Obispo San Luis Obispo
2/16/94 4/29/93 8/1/94 2/4/93 5/20/94 10/3/94
Male Female Female Male Female Male
Adult Pup/Calf Subadult
Adult pup Adult
3/25/94 4/8/94
Male Male
Juvenile Adult
Sea otter brain
Monterey
2/16/94 Male Adult
San Luis Obis po 4/29/93 Female Pup/Calf
Sea otter kidney
Monterey
2/16/94 Male Adult
San Luis Obispo 4/29/93 Female Pup/Calf San Luis Obispo 8/1/94 Female Subadult
NA: information not available. Values below LOQ are denoted by `<'
NA Trapped Trapped Trapped
Trapped Trapped Mean (n=5) Trauma Disease; Acanthocephalan Disease; bacterial Disease; coccidioidomycosis Disease; Acanthocephalan Trauma
Disease; Acanthocephalan Miscellaneous
Trauma Disease; Acanthocephalan
Trauma Disease; Acanthocephalan
Disease; bacterial
PFOS 38.4
49.4 <3.5 10.4 12.8 17.9
<5 <5 <3.5
<5 8.3
<3.5 19.1 57.1
133 279 994 189
33.6 151 329 <3.5 <3.5 <3.5 <3.5 9.3 <3.5
<3.5 <3.5
<3.5 <3.5 <3.5 <3.5 <3.5
10
BACK TO MAIN
Table 3. Concentrations (mean and ranges) of PFOS in Livers of Northern Fur Seals and Polar Bear from Alaska (ng/g, wet wt)
Species
Location n
Date
Sex
Age class
PFOS
Northern Fur Seal Pribilof Is. 13 1995 or 1998 2F; 11M 3 pup (<4 m) ; 10 sub adult (2-4 yr) <10-122
[38]
Polar Bear
Barrow; Nuiqsut; Point Lay; Gambell;
Shishmaref; Little Diomede;
Savoonga
17
12/13/976/15/99
14M; 3F 13 adults (> 5 years); 4 subadults (3 175-678
to 4 years)
(350)
Values in brackets [] indicate the percentage of detectable observations. Values in parentheses () indicate mean. Values below LOQ are denoted by `<'
11
BACK TO MAIN
Table 4. Concentrations (ng/mL; mean and ranges) of PFOS in the Blood of Marine Mammals from Coastal Waters of Alaska
Species Northern Fur Seal pup
Location Pribilof Is.
Date n Sex 1995 19 10F; 9M
Age class pup (<4 m)
Northern Fur Seal adult Northern Fur Seal subadult
Northern Fur Seal
Polar Bear
Pribilof Is. Pribilof Is. Pribilof Is.
Beaufort Sea
1995 10 10F 1995 7 7M 1995 8 6M; 2F
1999 14 7M; 7F
adult (>3 y) subadult (2-4 yr) 5 pup (<4 m); 3 subadult
(2-4 yr) NA
Steller Sea Lion
Southeast Alaska 1999 12 7F; 5M
3-4 months
NA: Information not available; Values in brackets [] indicate the percentage of
detectable observations. Values below LOQ are denoted by `<'
PFOS <6-12
[5] <6 <6 <6
26-52 (34) <6
12
BACK TO MAIN
Table 5. Concentrations (ng/mL; mean SD) of PFOS in Blood of Seals from the northern Baltic Sea (Bothnian Bay), the Arctic (Spitsbergen) and Sable Island (Canada)
Species Ringed Seal
Gray seal
Location Year n Sex Age (yr) PFOS Baltic Sea 1996 10 1M; 9F 6-20 133+47 Baltic Sea 1997 9 3M; 6F 6-16 9281 Baltic Sea 1998 10 5M; 5F 1.0-25 242+142 Spitsbergen 1996 10 4M; 6F 3.0-20 8.1+2.5 Spitsbergen 1998 8 3M; 5F 2.0-12 10.1+2.7 Baltic Sea 1996 9 5M; 4F 2.0-20 42+21 Baltic Sea 1997 10 4M; 6F 5.0-33 43.9+19 Baltic Sea 1998 7 3M;4F 8.0-25 25.5+9.6 Sable Island 1998 12 7M; 5F 10.0-35 27.7+11
Table 6. Concentrations of PFOS (ng/mL or ng/g) in blood and livers of dolphins and whales from Italian coast of the Mediterranean Sea
Species
Sampling Area
Date of PFOS Remarks
Collection
BN dolphin blood
Riccione (Adriatic Sea)
1997 210 M, 2 years
1997 140 M, 5 years
1997 42 F, 19 years
1997 180 M, 11 years
Bottlenose Dolphin Liver* Marina di Grosseto (North Thyrrenian Sea)
1991
180 stranded
Livorno (North Thyrrenian Sea)
1991 300 stranded, 240 cm
Croatia (North Adriatic Sea)
1992 170 stranded, M, 288 cm
Lecce (South Adriatic Sea)
1991 430 stranded, M, 235 cm
Lido di Camaiore (North Thyrrenian Sea)
1991
<7 stranded, 279 cm
Striped Dolphin Liver*
Lecce (South Adriatic Sea)
August 1991
160 stranded, M, 201 cm
Viareggio (North Thyrrenian Sea)
1991 89 stranded, F, 200 cm
Lecce (South Adriatic Sea)
August 1991
94
stranded, F
Lecce (South Adriatic Sea)
August 1991
65 stranded, F, 201 cm
Values below LOQ are denoted by `< '
*Values are on a dry weight basis, because only freeze-dried samples were available for analysis.
13
APPENDIX I
Concentrations of (ug/g, wet for solid tissues and ug/mL for blood/sera) fluorochemicals in biota
Species
Lab ID
Tissue
Location
PFOS
FOSA
PFOA
California Sealion California Sealion California Sealion California Sealion California Sealion California Sealion
Elephant Seal Elephant Seal Elephant Seal Elephant Seal Elephant Seal
Harbor Seal Harbor Seal Harbor Seal
Northern furseal Sea Otter Sea Otter Sea Otter Sea Otter Sea Otter Sea Otter Sea Otter Sea Otter
W2491 -3,CSL 3448 W2491 -4,CSL 3395 W2491 -6,CSL 3020 W2491 -7,CSL 2169 W2491 -9,CSL 2839 W2491 -10,CSL 2367
W2491 -2,ES 1500 W2491 -5,ES 1552 W2491 -11,ES 808 W2491 -12,ES 772 W2491 -14,ES 782
W2491-8,HS W2491 -13,HS 1191 W2491 -15,HS 1199
W2491-1,NFS 100 W2491 -16,SO 12593-001 W2491 -19,SO 11494-001 W2491 -22,SO 11940-001 W2491 -24,SO 11309-001 W2491 -25,SO 12797-001 W2491 -26,SO 13110-001 W2491 -27,SO 12679-001 W2491 -28,SO 12707-001
Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver
Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver
Liver Liver Liver
Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver
California coast California coast California coast California coast California coast California coast
California coast California coast California coast California coast California coast
California coast California coast California coast
California coast California coast California coast California coast California coast California coast California coast California coast California coast
0.038 0.049 <3.5 0.010 0.013 0.018
<LOQ ( 0.0348) <LOQ ( 0.0348) <LOQ ( 0.0348) <LOQ (0.0035)
0.0083
<LOQ (0.0035) 0.019 0.057
0.133 <LOQ (0.0035) <LOQ (0.0035) <LOQ (0.0035) <LOQ (0.0035)
9.3 <LOQ (0.0035) <LOQ (0.0035) <LOQ (0.0035)
0.044 <LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0375)
<LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0375)
<LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0375)
<LOQ ( 0.0375) 0.081
<LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0375)
<LOQ ( 0.0359) 0.041
<LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359)
<LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359)
<LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359)
<LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359)
Sea Otter
W2491 -18,SO 12593-001
Brain
California coast
<LOQ (0.0035)
0.066
<LOQ ( 0.0359)
14
BACK TO MAIN
Sea Otter
W2491 -21,SO 11494-001
Brain
California coast
Sea Otter
W2491 -17,SO 12593-001
Kidney
California coast
Sea Otter
W2491 -20,SO 11494-001
Kidney
California coast
Sea Otter
W2491 -23,SO 11940-001
Kidney
California coast
Caspian Seal Blood
W2491-46J 12
Blood
Caspian Sea, Russia
Caspian Seal Blood
W2491 -47,J 9
Blood
Caspian Sea, Russia
Caspian Seal Blood
W2491-48J 14
Blood
Caspian Sea, Russia
Caspian Seal Blood
W2491 -49,J 18
Blood
Caspian Sea, Russia
Caspian Seal Blood
W2491-50J 52
Blood
Caspian Sea, Russia
Caspian Seal Blood
W2491 -51,J 55
Blood
Caspian Sea, Russia
Caspian Seal Blood
W2491-52J 10
Blood
Caspian Sea, Russia
Caspian Seal Blood
W2491 -53,J 15
Blood
Caspian Sea, Russia
PFOS = Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFHS = Perfluorohexanesulfonate
FOSA = Perfluorooctanesulfonamide Values in parenthesis are LOQs
PFOA = Perfluorooctanoate
<LOQ (0.0035) <LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0359)
<LOQ (0.0035) <LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ (0.0035) <LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ (0.0035) <LOQ ( 0.0375) <LOQ ( 0.0116) <LOQ ( 0.00625) <LOQ ( 0.0116) <LOQ ( 0.00625) <LOQ ( 0.0116) <LOQ ( 0.00625) <LOQ ( 0.0116) <LOQ ( 0.00625) <LOQ ( 0.0116) <LOQ ( 0.00625) <LOQ ( 0.0116) <LOQ ( 0.00625) <LOQ ( 0.0116) <LOQ ( 0.00625) <LOQ ( 0.0116) <LOQ ( 0.00625)
LOQ = Limit of quantitation
<LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.0359) <LOQ ( 0.00599) <LOQ ( 0.00599)
0.007 <LOQ ( 0.00599)
0.011 0.023 <LOQ ( 0.00599) <LOQ ( 0.00599)
15
BACK TO MAIN
APPENDIX II
Concentrations of (ug/g, wet for solid tissues and ug/mLfor blood/sera) fluorochemicals in biota
Species
Lab ID
Tissue
Location
PFOS
PFHS
Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal
P283 P285**
P295 97 CU 02 98 CU KB 02 98 CU KB 03 98 CU KB 07 98 CU KB 09 98 CU KB 10 98 CU KB 11 98 CU KB 12 98 CU KB 13 98 CU KB 14 98 CU KB 15
Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver
Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska
<LOQ (0.0347) 0.122 0.054 NE
<LOQ (0.0347) <LOQ (0.0347) <LOQ (0.0347) <LOQ (0.0347) <LOQ (0.0347) <LOQ (0.0347) <LOQ (0.0347) <LOQ (0.0347) <LOQ (0.0347) <LOQ (0.0347)
<LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683)
NE <LOQ (0.00683)
0.059 <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683)
0.086
Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear
970012 970201 980341 692-PLBR-0033 980127LB 980387LB 980390LB** 980563LA 980565LB 990112LB 990592LA 990594LB 990598LB
Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver
Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska
0.456 0.301 0.678 0.471 0.539 0.221 0.209 0.438 0.328 0.175 0.313 0.356 0.436
<LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683)
PFOA
<LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719)
NE <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719)
<LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719)
FOSA
<LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188)
NE <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188)
<LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188)
16
Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Northern Fur Seal
Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal
Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal
Northern Fur Seal
Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal
Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal
Northern Fur Seal
Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal
Northern Fur Seal
990600LB 990610LB 990652LC 990658LB
P205
P206 P207
P208 P209 P210
P211
P212 P215
P217 P219 P220
P221
P222 P223
P224
Liver Liver Liver Liver Blood
Blood Blood
Blood Blood Blood
Blood
Blood Blood
Blood Blood Blood
Blood
Blood Blood
Blood
Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Coastal Alaska
Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska
Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska
Coastal Alaska
Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska
Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska
Coastal Alaska
Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska
Coastal Alaska
BACK TO MAIN
0.224 0.295
0.235 0.282
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683)
<LOQ (0.00683) <LOQ (0.00683)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719)
<LOQ (0.0719) <LOQ (0.0719)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188) <LOQ ( 0.0188)
I
I I
I I I
I
I I
I I I
I
I I
I
17
Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal
P226 P229 P230 M104 M105 M106 M107 M l 12 M l 15 M l 16 M l 18 M l 19 M122 S001 S002 S003 S006 S007 S008
Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood
Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska
BACK TO MAIN
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.0114
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00958
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
18
Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal
S009 P298B P236A 368C P406 P411 98 CUKB 3 98 CUKB 7 98 CUKB 9
Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood
Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska
Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear Polar Bear
6255 (Fleparin) Blood
20436 (NA2 EDTA)
20467 (NA2 EDTA)
20468 (EDTA)
Blood Blood Blood
20470
Blood
20472
Blood
20473*
Blood
20474 (NA2 EDTA)
20475 (NA2
Blood Blood
Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska
BACK TO MAIN
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00579
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00579
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00579
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00579
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00579
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00579
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00579
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00579
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00579
ug/mL)
0.052
0.038
0.036
0.032
0.028
0.033
0.031
0.026
<LOQ (0.00290
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00114 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00240 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00240 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00240 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00240 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00240 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00240 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00240 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00240 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00240
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
<LOQ (0.000625 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.000625 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.000625 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.000625 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.000625 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.000625 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.000625 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.000625 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.000625
19
Polar Bear Polar Bear
EDTA) 20476 (NA2
EDTA) 20477
Blood Blood
Polar Bear
20485 (Eleparin) Blood
Polar Bear
20486 (Eleparin) Blood
Polar Bear
20487 (Eleparin) Blood
Stellar Sealion Stellar Sealion Stellar Sealion Stellar Sealion Stellar Sealion Stellar Sealion Stellar Sealion Stellar Sealion Stellar Sealion Stellar Sealion Stellar Sealion Stellar Sealion
SSL49 (7.2 mg K2 EDTA)
SSL50 (7.2 mg K2 EDTA)
SSL51 (7.2 mg K2 EDTA)
SSL52 (7.2 mg K2 EDTA)
SSL53 (7.2 mg K2 EDTA)
SSL54 (7.2 mg K2 EDTA)
SSL55 (5.4 mg K2 EDTA)
SSL56 (5.4 mg K2 EDTA)**
SSL57 (5.4 mg K2 EDTA)
SSL58 (5.4 mg K2 EDTA)*
SSL59 (5.4 mg K2 EDTA)
SSL60 (5.4 mg K2 EDTA)*
Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood
Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska
BACK TO MAIN
ug/mL) 0.035
0.027
0.043
0.032
<LOQ (0.00290 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00579 ug/mL)
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.0114
ug/mL)
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00240
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00240
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00240
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00240
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00240
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00958
ug/mL)
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.000625
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.000625
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.000625
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.000625
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.000625
ug/mL) I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
20
PFOS = Perfluorooctanesulfonate FOSA = Perfluorooctanesulfonamide PFHS = Perfluorohexanesulfonate PFOA = Perfluorooctanoate
I = Severe interference LOQ = Limit of quantitation NE= Not extracted
BACK TO MAIN
Values in parenthesis are LOQs
21
BACK TO MAIN
APPENDIX III Concentrations of (ug/g, wet for solid tissues) fluorochemicals in biota
Species
Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Baikal Seal Ganges Dolphin Ganges Dolphin Bottlenose Dolphin Bottlenose Dolphin
Lab ID
J08 (81) J09 (87) J10 (86) J12 (89) J19 (84) J20 (88) J24 (82) J27 (83) J36 (85) J37 (80) R04 (69) R13 (78) R14 (74) R16 (71) R29 (72) R42 (66) R43 (73) R45 (79) R46 (77) R47 (70) R54 (67) R55 (75) R57 (76) R64 (68) L04 (91) L05 (90) Tt5/91 (13) Tt8/91 (17)
Tissue
Location
Liver Lake Baikal, Russia
Liver Lake Baikal, Russia Liver Lake Baikal, Russia
Liver Lake Baikal, Russia Liver Lake Baikal, Russia
Liver Lake Baikal, Russia Liver Lake Baikal, Russia
Liver Lake Baikal, Russia Liver Lake Baikal, Russia
Liver Lake Baikal, Russia
Liver Lake Baikal, Russia
Liver Lake Baikal, Russia
Liver Lake Baikal, Russia
Liver Lake Baikal, Russia
Liver Lake Baikal, Russia
Liver Lake Baikal, Russia
Liver Lake Baikal, Russia
Liver Lake Baikal, Russia
Liver Lake Baikal, Russia Liver Lake Baikal, Russia
Liver Lake Baikal, Russia Liver Lake Baikal, Russia
Liver Lake Baikal, Russia Liver Lake Baikal, Russia
Liver River Ganges, India
Liver River Ganges, India
Liver Mediterranean Sea
Liver Mediterranean Sea
PFOS
0.0127 0.0228 <LOQ (0.0347 ug/g) 0.014 0.009 0.015 <LOQ (0.0347 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0347 ug/g) 0.015 <LOQ (0.0347 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0347 ug/g) 0.010 <LOQ (0.0347 ug/g) 0.008 0.008 0.014 0.016 0.008 0.008 <LOQ (0.0347 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0347 ug/g) 0.013 0.016 0.008 <LOQ (0.0347 ug/g) 0.081 0.181 0.296
PFOA
FOSA
< LOQ (0.0359 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
< LOQ (0.0718 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0718 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
< LOQ (0.0359 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0359 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
< LOQ (0.0718 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0718 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
< LOQ (0.0718 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0359 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
< LOQ (0.0718 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
< LOQ (0.0718 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
< LOQ (0.0359 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
< LOQ (0.0718 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
< LOQ (0.0359 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
< LOQ (0.0359 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
< LOQ (0.0359 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
< LOQ (0.0359 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
< LOQ (0.0359 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
< LOQ (0.0359 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0718 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
< LOQ (0.0718 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0718 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
< LOQ (0.0359 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0359 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0718 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0718 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0359 ug/g)
0.224
<LOQ (0.0718 ug/g)
0.358
PFHS
< LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g)
22
BACK TO MAIN
Bottlenose Dolphin Bottlenose Dolphin Bottlenose Dolphin
Tt61 (14) Liver TtA11 (16) Liver TtXT2 (15) Liver
Mediterranean Sea
0.169
<LOQ (0.0718 ug/g)
Mediterranean Sea
0.425
<LOQ (0.0718 ug/g)
Mediterranean Sea <LOQ (0.00696 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0718 ug/g)
0.129 0.129 0.115
< LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g)
Striped Dolphin Striped Dolphin Striped Dolphin Striped Dolphin
SCPO2 (18) SCV1 (19) SCPO3 (20) SCPO4 (21)
Liver Liver Liver Liver
Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea
0.161 0.089 0.094 0.065
<LOQ (0.0718 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0718 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0718 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0718 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
< LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g)
0.027
Weddell Seal
WS1 (22) Liver
Antarctica
< LOQ (0.0347 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0718 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) < LOQ (0.00683 ug/g)
PFOS = Perfluorooctanesulfonate FOSA = Perfluorooctanesulfonamide PFHS = Perfluorohexanesulfonate PFOA = Perfluorooctanoate
LOQ = Limit of quantitation - Values in parenthesis are LOQs
23
BACK TO MAIN
APPENDIX IV
Concentrations of (ug/mL for blood/sera) fluorochemicals in biota
Species Ringed seal,
Canada Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal
I.d. 990607-11 (62) 990607-06 (63) 990607-13 (64) 990607-07 (65) 990607-12 (66) 990608-24 (67) 990607-14 (68) 990617-46 (69) 990607-10 (70) 990607-15 (71) 990607-09 (72) 990607-16 (73) 990608-23 (74) 990608-48 (75) 990607-04 (78) 990608-25 (79)
Tissue Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood
Location
Baffin Island, Canada
Baffin Island, Canada
Baffin Island, Canada
Baffin Island, Canada
Baffin Island, Canada
Baffin Island, Canada
Baffin Island, Canada
Baffin Island, Canada
Baffin Island, Canada
Baffin Island, Canada
Baffin Island, Canada
Baffin Island, Canada
Baffin Island, Canada
Baffin Island, Canada
Baffin Island, Canada
Baffin Island,
PFOS <LOQ (0.00313
ug/mL) 0.008
0.004
<LOQ (0.00313 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00313 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00313 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00313 ug/mL) 0.012
0.005
<LOQ (0.00313 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00313 ug/mL) 0.008
<LOQ (0.00313 ug/mL) 0.007
0.005
<LOQ (0.00313
PFHS
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125
PFOA
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622
FOSA
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125
24
Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal,
Baltic Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal
990607-22 (80) Blood
990607-20 (81) Blood
990607-47 (82) Blood
990607-02 (83) Blood
990607-21 (84) Blood
990607-18 (85) Blood
990607-19 (86) Blood
990607-17 (87) Blood
N04-96, 99K0295 (88)
N06-96, 99K0268 (89)
N05-96, 99K0296 (90)
N09-96, 99K0271 (91)
N03-96, 99K0294 (92)
N01-96, 99K0267 (93)
N07-96, 99K0269 (94)
N08-96, 99K0270 (95)
N10-96, 99K0298 (96)
N03-97, 99K0426 (97)
Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood
Canada Baffin Island,
Canada Baffin Island,
Canada Baffin Island,
Canada Baffin Island,
Canada Baffin Island,
Canada Baffin Island,
Canada Baffin Island,
Canada Baffin Island,
Canada Baltic Sea 1996
Baltic Sea 1996
Baltic Sea 1996
Baltic Sea 1996
Baltic Sea 1996
Baltic Sea 1996
Baltic Sea 1996
Baltic Sea 1996
Baltic Sea 1996
Baltic Sea 1997
BACK TO MAIN
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00313
ug/mL) 0.007
<LOQ (0.00313 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00313 ug/mL) 0.010
<LOQ (0.00313 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00313 ug/mL) 0.007
0.082
0.234
0.112
0.106
0.163
0.069
0.156
0.152
0.124
0.069
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00125
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00125
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00125
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00125
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00125
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00125
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00125
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00125
ug/mL) 0.002
0.004
0.004
0.005
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL) 0.004
0.002
0.004
0.003
ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00125
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00125
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00125
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00125
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00125
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00125
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00125
ug/mL) <LOQ (0.00125
ug/mL) 0.001
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL) 0.001
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL) 0.003
0.002
0.002
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
25
Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal
N02-97, 99K0425 (98)
N10-97, 99K0433 (99)
N05-97, 99K0428 (100)
N07-97, 99K0430 (101)
N09-97, 99K0432 (102)
N04-97, 99K0427 (103)
N08-97, 99K0431 (104)
N06-97, 99K0429 (105)
N08-98, 99K0477 (106)
N04-98, 99K0473 (107)
N05-98, 99K0474 (108)
N09-98, 99K0478 (109)
N01-98, 99K0469 (110)
N07-98, 99K0476 (111)
N06-98, 99K0475 (114)
N10-98, 99K0435 (115)
N02-98, 99K0471 (116)
N03-98, 99K0472 (117)
S08-98, 99K0466
Blood Baltic Sea 1997 Blood Baltic Sea 1997 Blood Baltic Sea 1997 Blood Baltic Sea 1997 Blood Baltic Sea 1997 Blood Baltic Sea 1997 Blood Baltic Sea 1997 Blood Baltic Sea 1997 Serum Baltic Sea 1998 Serum Baltic Sea 1998 Serum Baltic Sea 1998 Serum Baltic Sea 1998 Serum Baltic Sea 1998 Serum Baltic Sea 1998 Serum Baltic Sea 1998 Serum Baltic Sea 1998 Serum Baltic Sea 1998 Serum Baltic Sea 1998 Blood Spitsbergen 1998
BACK TO MAIN
0.124 0.051 0.093 0.051 0.016 0.053 0.309 0.066 0.066 0.116 0.475 0.297 0.392 0.431 0.222 0.106 0.095 0.218 0.007
0.004
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL) 0.004
0.002
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL) 0.002
0.009
0.003
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL) 0.004
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.005
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL) 0.003
<LOQ (0.00125
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL) 0.007
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL) 0.0171
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL) 0.0146
0.00836
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL) 0.001
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL) 0.001
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL) 0.00126
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125
26
Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal Ringed seal
Grey seal
(118)
S03-98, 99K0461 (119)
S09-98, 99K0467 (120)
S04-98, 99K0462 (121)
S05-98, 99K0463 (122)
S02-98, 99K0460 (123)
S07-98, 99K0465 (124)
S I0-98, 99K0468 (125)
S I6-96, 99K0287 (126)
S I7-96, 99K0288 (127)
S01-96, 99K0272 (128)
S I0-96, 99K0281 (129)
S I5-96, 99K0286 (130)
S I2-96, 99K0283 (131)
S I4-96, 99K0285 (132)
S05-96, 99K0276 (133)
S I9-96, 99K0290 (134)
S07-96, 99K0278 (135)
HOI-96, 99K0324 (136)
Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood
Spitsbergen 1998 Spitsbergen 1998 Spitsbergen 1998 Spitsbergen 1998 Spitsbergen 1998 Spitsbergen 1998 Spitsbergen 1998 Spitsbergen 1996 Spitsbergen 1996 Spitsbergen 1996 Spitsbergen 1996 Spitsbergen 1996 Spitsbergen 1996 Spitsbergen 1996 Spitsbergen 1996 Spitsbergen 1996 Spitsbergen 1996 Baltic Sea, 1996
BACK TO MAIN
ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL)
ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
ug/mL) 0.003
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL) 0.006
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00125 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (0.00622 ug/mL)
<LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
27
Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal
H03-96, 99K0326 (137)
H06-96, 99K0329 (138)
HO8-96, 99K0331 (139)
H I0-96, 99K0333 (140)
H07-96, 99K0330 (141)
H02-96, 99K0325 (144)
HO9-96, 99K0332 (145)
HO5-96, 99K0328 (146)
H02-98, 99K0340 (147)
H04-98, 99K0342 (148)
H05-98, 99K0457 (149)
H06-98, 99K0343 (150)
H07-98, 99K0458 (151)
HOI-98, 99K0456 (152)
H03-98, 99K0341 (153)
C07-98, 99K0442 (154)
C06-98, 99K0441 (155)
C03-98, 99K0438 (156)
C20-98, 99K0312
Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood
Baltic Sea, 1996
Baltic Sea, 1996
Baltic Sea, 1996
Baltic Sea, 1996
Baltic Sea, 1996
Baltic Sea, 1996
Baltic Sea, 1996
Baltic Sea, 1996
Baltic Sea, 1998
Baltic Sea, 1998
Baltic Sea, 1998
Baltic Sea, 1998
Baltic Sea, 1998
Baltic Sea, 1998
Baltic Sea, 1998
Canadian Arctic, 1998
Canadian Arctic, 1998
Canadian Arctic, 1998
Canadian Arctic,
0.035 0.034 0.027 0.037 0.064 0.015 0.076 0.019 0.020 0.025 0.029 0.047 0.024 0.020 0.014 0.014 0.011 0.037 0.026
BACK TO MAIN
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4..98 ng/mL)
0.007
0.002
<LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
0.001
<LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4..98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
28
Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal Grey seal
(157)
C02-98, 99K0437 (158)
C01-98, 99K0436 (159)
C08-98, 99K0443 (160)
C09-98, 99K0444 (161)
C17-98, 99K0309 (162)
C04-98, 99K0439 (163)
Cl 1-98, 99K0446 (164)
C19-98, 99K0311 (165)
HI 1-97, 99K0337 (166)
H06-97, 99K0452 (167)
H02-97, 99K0335 (168)
H07-97, 99K0453 (169)
H10-97, 99K0336 (170)
H I3-97, 99K0339 (171)
H12-97, 99K0450 (172)
H04-97, 99K0450 (173)
H08-97, 99K0454 (174)
H03-97, 99K0449 (175)
Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood Blood
1998 Canadian Arctic,
1998 Canadian Arctic,
1998 Canadian Arctic,
1998 Canadian Arctic,
1998 Canadian Arctic,
1998 Canadian Arctic,
1998 Canadian Arctic,
1998 Canadian Arctic,
1998 Baltic Sea, 1997
Baltic Sea, 1997
Baltic Sea, 1997
Baltic Sea, 1997
Baltic Sea, 1997
Baltic Sea, 1997
Baltic Sea, 1997
Baltic Sea, 1997
Baltic Sea, 1997
Baltic Sea, 1997
BACK TO MAIN
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
0.003
0.00679
<LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
0.003
<LOQ (4.98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
0.002
<LOQ (4.98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
<LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL) <LOQ (4.98 ng/mL)
29
BN dolphin BN dolphin BN dolphin BN dolphin
Mool (3) Tabol (4) Candy 1 (5) Michal (6)
Blood Blood Blood Blood
Italian coast Italian coast Italian coast Italian coast
0.206 0.139 0.042 0.177
PFOS = Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFF1S = Perfluorohexanesulfonate PFOA = Perfluorooctanoate
FOSA = Perfluorooctanesulfonamide
BACK TO MAIN
0.006 0.005 <LOQ (1.00 ng/mL) 0.006
0.003 0.004 <LOQ (2.50 ng/mL) 0.002
0.198 0.226 0.193 0.272
LOQ = Limit of quantitation -Values in parenthesis
30
BACK TO MAIN
APPENDIX V
Concentrations of (ug/g, wet for solid tissues) fluorochemicals in biota
Species
Lab ID
Tissue
Location
PFOS
PFHS
PFOA
FOSA
Tursiops truncatus (101)MML 9706 Liver iPalma Sola Bay, FL
0.734
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.023
Tursiops truncatus (102)MML 9804 Liver iPalma Sola Bay, FL
0.487
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
Tursiops truncatus (103)MML 9912 Liver Sarasota Bay
0.716
0.00420
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.027
Stenella coeruleoalba (104)MML9704 Liver Gulf of Mexico <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
Stenella clymene (105)MML9510 Liver Gulf of Mexico
0.168
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
Tursiops truncatus (106)MML9901 Liver Anna Maria Sound
0.483
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.035
Kogia breviceps (107)MML0006 Liver Atlantic Ocean <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.046
Tursiops truncatus (108)MML0008 Liver Gulf of Mexico
0.824
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.178
Tursiops truncatus (109)MML9204 Liver Gulf of Mexico <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.045
Tursiops truncatus (110)MML9619 Liver Sarasota Bay
1.52
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.048
Tursiops truncatus (111)MML9116 Liver Gulf of Mexico
0.291
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.013
Tursiops truncatus (112)MML9126 Liver Anna Maria Sound
0.557
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.032
Tursiops truncatus (113)MML9132 Liver Gulf of Mexico
0.551
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.021
Tursiops truncatus (114)MML9332 Liver Gulf of Mexico
0.411
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.010
Tursiops truncatus (115)MML9404 Liver
Peace River
0.402
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.012
Tursiops truncatus (116)MML9212 Liver Anna Maria Sound
0.097
0.009
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.006
Tursiops truncatus (117)MML9414 Liver Gulf of Mexico <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.013
Stenella coeruleoalba (118)MML9416 Liver
Venice Inlet
0.388
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.016
Kogia breviceps (119)MML9413 Liver Anclote River <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.022
Tursiops truncatus (120)MML9625 Liver Sarasota Bay
0.603
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.035
Tursiops truncatus (121)MML9603 Liver Gulf of Mexico
0.180
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.018
Tursiops truncatus (122)MML9401 Liver Gulf of Mexico
0.075
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.007
Stenella clymene (123)MML9510J Liver Gulf of Mexico
0.122
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g)
0.020
0.008
Steno bredanensis (124)MML9521 Liver
Tampa Bay <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.006
Tursiops truncatus (125)MML9523 Liver Gulf of Mexico
0.141
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.012
Stenella clymene (126)MML9510M Liver Gulf of Mexico
0.079
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.007
Tursiops truncatus (127)MML9514 Liver Sarasota Bay
0.614
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.016
Steno bredanensis (128)MML9520 Liver Anna Maria Sound <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.004
31
BACK TO MAIN
Tursiops truncatus (129)MML9505 Liver Peace River
0.979
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.020
PFOS = Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFHS = Perfluorohexanesulfonate PFOA = Perfluorooctanoate
FOSA = Perfluorooctanesulfonamide
LOQ = Limit of quantitation- values in parenthesis
32
BACK TO MAIN
APPENDIX VI
Concentrations of (ug/g, wet for solid tissues) fluorochemicals in biota
Species Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal
Lab ID
(158) H1-96 99K0119
(159) H2-96 99K0120
(160) H8-96 99K0125
(161) H3-96 99K0121
(162) H4-96 99K0122
(163) H10-96 99K0127
(164) H9-96 99K0126
(165) H6-96 99K0119
(166) H7-96 99K0411
(167) H5-96 99K0123
(168) N8-97 98K0148
(169) N7-97 98K0146
(170) N10-97 98K0152
(171) N5-97 98K0142
(172) N9-97 98K0150
(173) N6-97
Tissue Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver
Location BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea
PFOS 0.303 0.173 0.208 0.247 0.205 0.206 0.364 0.191 0.331 0.213 1.10 0.275 0.129 0.340 0.149 0.318
FOSA <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g)
0.0384 <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g)
0.0465 <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g)
PFOA
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g) 0.0395
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188
PFHS
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g) X
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00375
33
Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal
98K0144 (174) N4-97
98K0140 (175) N3-97
98K0138 (176) N2-97
98K0136 (177) Nl-97
98K0134 (178) N9-96
99K0142 (179) N3-96
99K0136 (180) N8-96
99K0141 (181) N7-96
99K0140 (182) N6-96
99K0139 (183) H5-98
98K1782 (184) H6-98
98K1783 (185) H4-98
98K1781 (186) H3-98
98K1780 (187) H2-98
98K1779 (188) Hl-98
98K1778 (189) H7-98
98K1784 (190) S3-98
98K1813 (191) S8-98
98K1818
Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver
BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea
BACK TO MAIN
0.199 0.185 0.332 0.209 0.607 0.558 0.467 0.650 1.00 0.148 0.253 0.291 0.137 0.170 0.139 0.232 0.0983 0.0634
<LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g)
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g)
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) X
<LOQ (0.00375 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g)
34
Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal
(192) S7-98 98K1817
(193) S9-98 98K1819
(194) S10-98 98K1820
(195) S6-98 98K1816
(196) S5-98 98K1815
(197) S4-98 98K1814
(198) S2-98 98K1812
(199) Nl-98 98K1792
(200) N2-98 98K1793
(201) N3-98 98K1794
(202) N4-98 98K1795
(203) N5-98 98K1796
(204) N6-98 98K1797
(205) N7-98 98K1798
(206) N8-98 98K1799
(207) N9-98 98K1800
(208) N10-98 98K1801
(209) Hl-97 99K0408
(210) H2-97
Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver
BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea
BACK TO MAIN
0.125 0.0908 0.0985 0.0511 0.102 0.0722 0.0624 0.925 0.168 0.347 0.228 0.571 0.354
1.05 0.307 0.407 0.446 0.163 0.157
<LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g)
0.0391 0.0377 <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) 0.0291
<LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
<LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00375
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
35
Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal
99K0409
(211) H3-97 99K0410
(212) H4-97 99K0411
(213) H5-97 99K0412
(214) H6-97 99K0413
(215) H7-97 99K0414
(216) H8-97 99K0415
(217) H9-97 99K0416
(218) HI 1-97 99K0417
(219) S I-96 99K0124
(220) S2-96 99K0130
(221) S3-96 99K0096
(222) S4-96 99K0132
(223) S5-96 99K0126
(224) S6-96 99K0128
(225) S7-96 99K0098
(226) S8-96 99K0122
(227) S9-96 99K0116
(228) S10-96 99K0100
Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver
BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea
BACK TO MAIN
0.153 0.297 0.175 0.168 0.206 0.215 0.198 0.230 0.0467 0.0659 0.0462 0.0622 0.0723 0.102 0.035 0.0762 0.0361 0.0310
<LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g)
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g) <LOQ(0.0188
ug/g)
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/gg) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750
ug/g)
36
BACK TO MAIN
Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal Ringed Seal
(229) C1-98 99K1738
(230) C2-98 99K1739
(231) C3-98 99K1740
(232) C4-98 99K1741
(233) C5-98 99K1742
(234) C6-98 99K1743
(235) C7-98 99K1744
(236) C8-98 99K1745
(237) C9-98 99K1746
(238) C10-98 99K1747
PFOS = Perfluorooctanesulfonate PFHS = Perfluorohexanesulfonate
Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver
BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea BalticSea
0.133 0.170 0.146 0.0888 0.111 0.0672 0.110 0.0962 0.129 0.132
FOSA = Perfluorooctanesulfonamide PFOA = Perfluorooctanoate
<LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188 ug/g)
<LOQ(0.0188
ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00750
ug/g)
LOQ = Limit of quantitation - values in parenthesis
37
BACK TO MAIN
APPENDIX VII
Concentrations of (ug/g, wet for solid tissues) fluorochemicals in biota
Species Whale Whale Whale Whale Whale Whale
Sample id (85) Balenopteral (86) Delphinus3 (87) Delphinus4
(88) Tursiops6 (89) Globicephala7 (90) Globicephala8
Tissue Muscle Muscle Liver Liver Muscle Liver
Location Italy Italy Italy Italy Italy Italy
PFOS < LOQ (0.0188 ug/g)
0.0774 0.941 0.110 0.0517 0.267
FOSA < LOQ (0.0188 ug/g)
0.142 0.878 0.139 0.0475 0.0502
PFOA < LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0375 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0375 ug/g)
PFHS < LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0188 ug/g) < LOQ (0.0188 ug/g)
PFOS = Perfluorooctanesulfonate FOSA = Perfluorooctanesulfonamide PFHS = Perfluorohexanesulfonate PFOA = Perfluorooctanoate
LOQ = Limit of quantitation - Values in parenthesis
38
BACK TO MAIN
APPENDIX VIII
Concentrations of (ug/g, wet for solid tissues) fluorochemicals in biota
Species Polar Bear Liver Polar Bear Liver Polar Bear Liver Polar Bear Liver Polar Bear Liver Polar Bear Liver Polar Bear Liver Polar Bear Liver Polar Bear Liver Polar Bear Liver Polar Bear Liver Polar Bear Liver Polar Bear Liver Polar Bear Liver
Sample id 1A (2372LK) 2A (2368LF) 3A (950089A) 4A (940149B) 5A (12216) 6A (2372LB) 7A (950095B) 8A (990671LC) 9A (000245LE) 10A (950086B) 11A (940090B) 12A (2372LF) 13A (990083LD) 14A (2367LC)
Tissue Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver
Location Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska
PFOS 0.183 0.296 0.325 0.346 0.400 0.347 0.0824 0.634 0.161 0.192 0.272 0.303 0.470 0.394
FOSA <LOQ (0.0038 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038 ug/g)
PFOA <LOQ (0.00803 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00803 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00803 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00803 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00803 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00803 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00803 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00803 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00803 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00803 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00803 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00803 ug/g)
0.0129 <LOQ (0.00803 ug/g)
PFHS
<LOQ (0.0038
ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038
ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038
ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038
ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038
ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038
ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038
ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038
ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038
ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038
ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038
ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038
ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038
ug/g) <LOQ (0.0038
ug/g)
PFOS = Perfluorooctanesulfonate FOSA = Perfluorooctanesulfonamide
PFHS = Perfluorohexanesulfonate
PFOA = Perfluorooctanoate
LOQ = Limit of quantitation - values in parenthesis
39
BACK TO MAIN
APPENDIX IX
Matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate recoveries (%) of fluorochemicals spiked to marine mammal matrices
Matrix
California sealion liver Elephant seal liver Harbor seal liver Sea otter liver Sea otter brain Sea otter kidney Caspian seal blood Polar bear liver Fur seal liver Polar bear blood Fur seal blood Steller sealion blood Bottlenose dolphin liver Striped dolphin liver Weddell seal liver Baikal seal liver Bottlenose dolphin blood Ringed seal blood Harp seal blood Gray seal blood Bottlenose dolphin liver (FL) Globicephala muscle Delphinus liver Polar bear liver (II set)
PFOS (Mean +/- RSD or
PRD) 63 +/- 35 62 +/- 47 55+/- 42 47 +/- 33 44 +/- 7 53 +/- 49 84 +/-58 158+/-102 108+/-5 82+/-21
Int 71+/-17 135 +/-6 79+/-35 77+/-10 69+/-2
Int 62+/ -2 77 +/-21 115+/-3 94+/-77 70+/-23 25+/-93 59+/-3
PFOSA (Mean +/RSD or RPD)
42 +/- 42 45 +/- 56 54 +/- 39 30 +/- 45 12 +/- 171 46 +/- 61 63 +/- 58 57+/-11 73+/-8 49+/-6
Int Int 168+/-26 70+/ -48 69+/-0 73+/-14 Int 50+/-14 72+/-2 69+/-0 40+/ -40 76+/ -24 23+/-39 18+/-1
PFOA (Mean +/- RSD or RPD) 65 +/- 47 58 +/- 52 67 +/- 37 50 +/- 39 46 +/- 13 66 +/- 75 91 +/- 54 107+/-41 76+/-10 76+/-1 Int 74+/-7 61+/-9 66+/-30 62+/-2 69+/-3 Int 65+/-13 79+/-2 86+/-1 66+/ -1 80+/-0 55+/-14 73+/-2
PFHS (Mean +/- RSD or RPD)
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 73+/-9 90+/-15 76+/-2 Int 80+/-9 65 +/-1 59+/-17 60+/-1 57+/-5 Int 64+/-1 78+/-4 83+/-2 35+/-4 95+/-4 38+/-1 21+/-1
NA= Not analyzed
PFOS = Perfluorooctanesulfonate
Int = Interference resulted in negative recoveries
RPD= Relative percent difference; RSD= Relative standard deviation
PFOA = Perfluorooctanoate
FOSA = Perfluorooctanesulfonamide
PFHS = Perfluorohexanesulfonate
40
APPENDIX X
Scientific names of marine mammals analyzed
Common name Pygmy sperm whale Short -snouted spinner dolphin Striped dolphin Rough-toothed dolphin Bottlenose dolphin California Sea Lion Elephant Seal Harbor Seal Northern fur seal River otter Seaotter Polar bear Steller sea lion Ringed seal Gray seal Weddell seal Caspian seal Baikal seal Harp seal Fin whales Common dolphin Pilot whale
Scientific name
K ogia breviceps SteneUa clym ene SteneUa coeruleoalba Steno bredanensis Tursopis truncatus Zalophus californianas M irounga augustirostris Phoca vitulina C allorhinus ursinus Lutra canadensis E nhydra lutris nereis Ursus m aritim us Eum etopias jubatus P hoca hispida H alichoerus gtypus Leptonychotes weddellii P hoca caspica Phoca sibirica P hoca groenlandica Balaenoptera physalus D elphinus delphis G lobicephala m elaena
41
