Document QJp8mGX670oVKk76vbM4JoxK5

/ i AZI-LIA EXPANDED RESEARCH PROGRAM l ) Amz k j c a n Zin c INrrm.Tr, In c BCKRADC f RAOTU m MN #**KVWVAW* 4 t<a*V NEW YORK 17, N. r. OR MM* Lu IxMirnun As mo a t io n , In c IN RCRtY Rt/CR TO RROltCI NO. lorbr 23# i?62 TO All Hm*b*r* of the Industry Development CcaoBitte* of the Lead Industries Assoclatiae# Toe. Oentlmem 3 Enclosed you vlll find * resua# and recapitulation of the Expanded Research Program budget for 1963. Ve regret the short tine that you vlll have liable for your review; however, timing of all of our sutoaoclttee and Technical Steer ing Ccmlttee neetlng* It* sale it lupoifcle to put this Inforratloo In your head* before this date. WWW ............* 'W'ik p ii p*i w g y i fg y j j p p y i i y <j p p i p ( p p !y ^ f 87H:0t see. i LIA17245 i 1 $ 4 i 1 t ' ; ; '1 3 0 1963 gscgr Kscxyr/jtATiow EXPAICKD RPSPARCH PSCCPAM - LXA Project fund* ?j<julr4 Bo:__________________________________________r.tU_______________________________________1961 LH-16 JH-6T M-^6 LM-U ULH-lS ULM-19 U*-9 W-I5 LC-18 LC-28 LC-19 LC-63 LC-3* Architectural Merlvt Lead for Sound Attenuation Levelcpaeot of tb* D< Procc* for Coctlnuoue Casting of Lead Sheet Elgh Speed Plating of L*ad Joining cf Lead to Lead and Other Subetretee Lightweight Lead Sheet Roofing Syrtea Hot Wived Lead Coating* for Oalvanlted Steel The Trareportatloo Martet Fiber Reinforced Lead Powd. r Metallcrgjy Invertlgatloo of the Cecveralee of Particulate Lead to Wrought Tarm Tbe Chedcal Market A Puadanental Study of Organolead Cbeeletxy Organolead Cbcftletry Lead CcspccatB a* Lubrieante and Lubricant Additive* Inproveaect of Textile Materlala by Lead Cbenical Treatment Lead Chemical* in Paint* Anticorrosive properties of Lead PlgBente la Water Xhlnnabl* farrou* Metal Prljaer* Lead Chemical* In Cereglce (10,000 9,000 87.500 17.500 7,500 5,000 15,000 15,000 25,000 10,000 32,800 3,500 18,000 LC-12 LC-ll LC-19 LC-21 LC-22 LC-23 LC-37 LC-5* Cleraoo Agricultural College Pennsylvania State University University of Illinois Rutgers, The State Onlvsrslty Alfred University University of Califoral* Pennsylvania State University garth Carolina State College Strength of Claeeee Bealth and Safety The Letemlnetloct of the Level of Lead Concentra tion In an Aablsnt Atnoephare The Testing of Organolead Coqpcuada for possible fadocrlaologlcal and Anti Manta*ry Ttewr Activity 2.500 3,930 3,000 3.000 3,000 2,000 b,100 8,980 1.500 35,000 5,000 N 3411.01 L1A172A6 i ? 1963 gJTOg? P3CA?I^J'.ArXC^ gC?A5^EJ RTSEAfCT FIX RAM . UA 2; Project 1 l*VI * *-a Fund* Retired ^3 Oo*ral tt-29 U-TO A Ftodarwctai Study of Burfso* fto&etico* of L**d Cbc&icnl and 81*ctrocbslc*l Coarroalos at Laad % 4,000 5.000 Allays U-73 Lev! Aoot} In tba Purification of Lcanetle ut 5,000 > Industrial Jffluaat Vatar IP-38 Carrotl.cn Baaearch Council IP-52 Abstracting Sarrlea 9 -- Oodaaienntad Reaasrch Punt 500 7,500 50,000 Total 1963 R***rch Budjst Bacociaandatioa 363,610 Total 1963 Adsd.nl rtratir* Budget Baccaeaodatloa 112,907 ' TOTAL $ 476,717 9 ^ ia i T* i ifciimi'iiiitfill fra* '*W!W*W*f*WI LIA17247 " ewe* ;1 i i xzcxr pssssmnai so res rstxsjx^cr Djvaamiax oo^anss ______________Q7 12 iw DoyerFcrs a c s o c l a t io b Introduction , lb* following pages present * conpeodiiss of th* research end developwot progren* currently In progreaa and lb* work propo**4 for 1963. re* protect* ar* described by nsurket area*, *o that they nay b* seen in proper p*r*p*ctlv* ana reviewed comprehensively a* to their cconaroial feasibility. Mo*t of th* progress are In applied research and th*lr prlaexy obj*^ tlve* ar* (l) to salntaln consumption at tha highest poaalbl* level la defensive area*, and (2) to develop iaproveoent* and innovations for expan sion Into now earkst*. A auch aaallar psrcectags of th* program* is devoted to basic research abate th* effect* axe not neesurebl* in tons of aatal sold, although th* result* axe equally real and In th* long run say bring great benaflt* to th* Industry. * In substance, th* progress are selected with great care to produce a balanced Integrated structure, and th* total research effort 1* slail at pointing out ore directions which will best serve th* n**ds of th* Industry. I f t LIA1 72 4P The ArrMtK'vr.U llsrhet I-i it to and opportunity, the arch! tec turd field offer* the largest single potential sarke*-- for lead product*. This giant ?7 billion dollar Industry abeoehg asm ally 9 rthli-a ton* of *teei, 630,00) tors of alisslrus;, T?0,COO tat* of ^ ssftterlais. ?erccr.:-revise, the snounta of al'o'.ro:i ft: J p'v.tlc* used by th can* tractl a Industry represent ^ of tk* entire corrstation of the** Material* la tk* United htftt t s. Steel product* that go Into oca* tract loo Involve ll*$ of tb* total cC',>'.-,--'.;ra, and this quantity do** Dot include ccctractor' product* and other *tc*l cccpor.sT.t* which find their way Indirectly into construction. The rarest opportunities In the architectui-9.1 field are virtually unllzdted. Vfcat the future sales vobasa of lead products will he In thle arlet depend* OB relative co*t, appearance and practicality for specific *ppiictiora. Cur research endasrvcar* to improve the properties of lead, develop new product*, inpllfy Method* of lnetaliatioo, reduce production ccet*, and provide technical data which will point vp the advantage* of load product* In architectural appli cation*. The realisation of thi* Market potential, however, 1* directly prqpoartlcoal to promotion and sale* effort*. W-lS - Lead for ScuM Attenuation, Lewi* 3. Ooodfrlend and Associate* This pregraa was started In January 19&1 with th* bread objective of develop ing data on the effectiveness of lead far the control of noise in architectural and industrial application*. During the first year a group of representative panel* were acoustically tested, definite value* were eatabllahed for the sound isolation qualities of the lead partitions, and a draft we* prepared of a --""t which Incorporated the result* of thes* teats. Based on the Manual, a saedtechnlcal brochure 1* new In preparation by the UA and will he given vide distribution to architects and contractor*. A new eerie* of the Dost caancnly used panel* In office*, echool*, and h.':*l* are currently being lad rated with the lead sheet, and acoustical data on Vj*s* panels will he added to the Manual. Acccg these panel* are partition* of Internet to owner* of the Vaahlsgtca Eilton Hotel with vhee discussions have been held con cerning the use of leaded partition* in the hotel. Careful consideration 1* given to the proper design of construction detail* to elldnat* sound leakage through air duets, electrical outlet* and other flanking path*. Due to a lack of precedent and insufficient experience In possible area* of utilisation, an exhaustive Market appraisal cannot be cade at thi* tine. The soot promising lnaedlate Markets seen to he In Movable office partitions, and leaded plastics, flexible fabric curtains Interwoven with lead wire, and lightweight partition* of plaster board and thin lead aheet land cates. The near tern potential can be estimated conservatively at 10,000 tons per year, with th* long tan* outlook, 5 to 10 year*, at several time# this eocMgrtloo. Required 19&3 Fund* * **>,000 >1 '. *** *r >--) -vr'- ****. L I A 17249 LM-T - UJ Asbestos Pb.d..i for Vibration Atterrstioc, Lewis 8. Goodfriend ft.rd Aaeoci&tss Perfc-rasnc test# <ss tks effectiveness of lead asbestos peda at varicu# cc&'.i'-'.-r* r.r **#; Itn-lir.,; ,-.<4 ; ir^-j*rcn>i are processing and definitive ror-ilt# are expected soon. PrelisdrAry finding* frea tb# dynaaio teeting of SfcchiDar/ ao*i:;"3 seta to lo'Sct.!* that soe* Modification* May be r-.:-ir-.-i in the 14 aibestos pai* to h #>* then Btsre effective in low frequency a^'Ucatlop*, it--* sarket potential for load as bail;* -putt In building, Machinery, and appliances 1* vary *.-jC->ur*3i eg. In tbs appliance Market alecs*, ail** of hrw* X*w:4cy eq-viprasrit {vosv,*r 5 and dryeri) ex-ceel k^ el 111 oa unite, refrigerator* 3^ Elliloo unit*, frs*t*TT * 1 Billion, fan* * 5 *111 loo, *ir condition**-* - t dillos. An average of k pound* for each of these 16 Jtllilcn unit* vcaild involve 15,000 tors* of lead y>>r year. If va a**una the potential in this area at 3*000 toe* and an additional 3,000 tecs* In buildings and bear/ Machinery such a* industrial presses, Bsebir-e shop equiycser.t, and printing Machines, it would preside a Market for 6,000 ton* of leal annually. Although there is a rubetactial potential if the pragma is successful, ve Bust caution that our data 4o Kt yet indicate that ve can ccs^set* technically with cceqsetltiv* anti vibration systSM. Presently available food* are sufficient to complete this program. Required 1963 fund* * KB IH-O6 - lead Powder Cladding of Steel, UolT*r*ity of British Coltabl* Luring the first part of this pragma, the feasibility of powder cladding rteel container stock with lead vas demonstrated. Use pragma wae extended to August 19^3 to study the factor* necessary to obtain veil bonded coatings, and to establish the rang* of coating thickness** that can be produced. An Interest has been shown by several steel ccspenl** in the ccmtrcial application of our process and a cooperative pilot plant pragma will be given consideration at the completion of the current reeeercb. Approadsately $19,500 are available in this protect area fraa previous budget approval*, and It 1* reccacsended that this sua be retained for poealbla future action. Required 1963 Punds KB 0*-6T - Development of the W Process for Continuous Casting of Lead Sheet, fc-oken Bill Associated {kneltere JKy. Previous evaluation by the Industry has established the ability of the Dt Casting Process to produce thin lead sheet of good quality at Minima coat at high production rate*. The possibility of aarketlrg thin lead sheet at a price only slightly above that of pig lead i* of Major importance in the successful utilisation of lead product* for the control of noise and for architectural applications, and further development of the coctlosdat* cestlig Machine 1* 3 LI A17 2 5 0 therefor* very iEportant. Ihe develcjcaent vork currently in progress at BRA3 vill continue until add 1963" It is recGoaen'ed hovever that a fund of bo set aside for the possible extension of this pragran, predicated oc tie findings of the pressnt work. Successes derived froo this work can be applied to tbs coccerclfcl real iration Of other research project# such as fi-T c^uad attenuation and the narket potential of this project ie therefore very high. VRequired a J63 funds - XBK IX-5& - Lead Cccpoeite Products In Construction Initiation of this prograa bos been deliberately delayed until guidance on bonding of lead to other substrates Is available free IK-hi "Joining of Lead to Lead and Other Substrates' which la currently being conducted at ASABCO. Results fren the work on the IX Process for tbs production of low cost thin lead sheet for the ccrsposlte# will also bare bearing 00 this project. $5,000 were allocated for this prograa In the 1962 budget and It la reccsaended that these funds be retained. The Market potential for roofing, acoustical products and other architectural ccapooents was eetlsated previously at about 20,000 tons par year. Required 19^3 funds D4-57 - Beery Lead Cladding for Cbcslcal Plant See Since the 1962 budget recccceadaticn, no proofing approach has been found to the profclea of bonding heavy lead coatings to steel, lap;erring rates of application and lowering costs. Available funds for this project are therefore released far other research areas. Required 19&3 ***** ~ 900 LX-58 - Pluablrg Ape11 cations of Lea^ This cooperative progiaa Is being carried out with the Twisted Jute Packing A Oaken Institute and the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute to find the solution to the leakage problsa of cast Iron soil pipe Joints under conditions of hot and cold vatv discharge. Contingent upon successful nndlcgs st the ocopletloa of this pragren, further eonflrseUoc of theee results will be considered. Required 19^3 funds viM % ' LIA1725X LC-59 - Cei-crie C'c *1 rya far Cercr.V t`..?. a and Mg-a-* lie Rub* tratc* The develeyiusat of improved techniques of "plication for low teaparature glace* offer good cp-pcc-cubity fer <r,-8nev mu ket area* to ths Ini industry, and j rcc.i.- j ln.-re potential core..ration of lead ceraaic coating* in u of bv.1ic.11a5 uricu, concrete ouocss, ana v,U>er cwoectltlOTlS and aetalllc construction product*. After exasdnati on of several proposals In thl* area, the technical coosai ttee# recocoendcd the icltistloa of a high spot Investigation of flaw* spraying techniques a: 4 oc-i. '-` -t * outlined in the Ar;.nr F.a search found ition proposal at $10,010. Hios* funts r.r* available fren the lvc budget of $30,OCO vhich was approved fer thla research, and the recaalnir^g ^0,000 ar* to ba ratal Dad for further research at a later data, If the high pot teat 1* successful. The market potential is this area baa bees previously eatiaated coc*ervatlva5y t 10,000 too* of lead per pear. Required 1963 Funds - ROSE IE-36 - High Speed Plating of lead, Orahaa,Savage and Associate* Thl* program baa successfully identified addition agent* vhich permit tba unifora electrodepceltloo of lead 00 eteel at high correct densities. Me sow bare ruffle lent laboratory lnfamatloc to produce Meetings of extremely lo porosity at high speeds, and It sees* advisable to demonstrate the cceasrcial value of these coatings by Beans of atmospheric and canning corroeloo testa. Considering the Increased popularity of tarn* plate In recent Booths, eoaaerclal Interest In the advantage* offered by ecoocodcally priced, pore-frae electrodepcalted lead oa steel sheet say lead to a significantly greater cooeusqjtloo of lead coatings as corroeloo harrier* for eteel subetrate*. According to the AISI, 3,280 too* of lead ha* bees used for coating purpose* 00 steel during lS6l. It Is eetlaated that the lsproved quality and increased applicability of electrodeposlted lead coating* can raise the car lot potential to about 8,000 too* annually, In the architectural field and in container* for non food container*. A description of the vara performed in thl* prograa ha* been published la one technical paper vhich appeared in FIATTX) and tvo further paper* bar* DO* been accepted by the Aserlcan Elect! iplater* Society for presentation at their annual convention and for subsequent publication. Required 1963 Fund* - $27,500 LH-4V - Joining of lead to Lead and Other Substrates, Aasrlcaa Baaltii* 4 feaflnlEg Cocgany This program Involves tba cca^ilatioo of data on various organic adhesive* for the Joining of Iced and the eetabllthaent of reliable bonding technique#. jj f t" LIA172 52 Consultation vlth .*. :st*l'i`9 sar.ifsctursr* has cbovo that their technical lnfcrsa- tics Is of * geh-r-.l fit re *-..i that ti*-** data cannot be applied directly to the bcedicsj of leal. Ir.i ,4 teats are tierer ;rv r.ecessary to Isolate tie factor* which affect the K -: .:..; strength of vlte`.v<i4 with lead. tit obltctl**"* of this wos-raa recalc valid, greater easphesis la cow btl-. -: glr<*a to tbs develops*? si of data cw curing tloe*, teeners- tixra.3, yield ard ether factor* which were previously given secondary consideration. A .-...-1*r of Itp sheer `olets were sals, and teat studies are conducted os tic s'.tc'i of cier-`. -,-ai err'trccr^ nta, duration of load and contact with water oa tie toed atrer^th of tie adhesive* with lead edberen&*. i( j Further itrvestigatites are required tefer* definitive conclusion* cas be i reached for the prepara*loo of an effective application* Genual, and It 1* i rec-ramended that the pregysc* be extended for another year. Required 1963 Fund* - $17,500 UtK-18 - Ltgbtwlgbt Lead Sheet Hoofing Syrtsw '3 fils proposed research progrea Involve# a led roofing ftyrtee developed by the Broken Rill Associated Saalter* to Increase the utillratios c? lead In roof ing by Beans of simplified design, ease of fairlcatioo and sconesy of 1nstellstica Exposure experience with tils rv,tea to dete has been Halted and It Is therefore the purpose of tbs proposed pregrsa to Initiate field exposure tests, to obtain Installation criteria, perfaresnee history, end ecoocedc deta which sre necessary to introduce this eyvtea to the roofing Market la general. Cosy.sytloc data of lead fer roofing In individual countries on a world wide basis are not available. Severer, using the 1,355,000 new bousing starts la the United States during 1961, an average of 1,200 sq.ft, of roofing area per bouse, and 1 lb of lead per *q. ft., we can estimate the aerket potential at *0,000 too* aocaally If we assume that one half of 1> of the total narkrt will use lead for roofing. Q Required 1963 Fund* - $7,500 UIK-19 - Hot Dipped lead Coatings ter 0*1ranited Steel the Increasing sulfur coocectretloc la the air of cities and urban ares* gives credsnc* to tbs possibility that a ccnpoelt* coating of s Id c and lead will greetly lnyrove the utility of our artels In Industrial ataoepheres. Vblle lead alone provides sxcsilent reslstancs to sulfuric acid enrironeenis, localised corrosion can taka place In holiday* of coenerclal lead coating*. Cn the other band, galvanised steel alooe likewise doe* not always give satisfactory per formance la Industrial areas. Thus a lead top coating combined with a Hd o uadercoetlng to fumlah the anodic barrier aay provide tbs sort effective corrosion protection for steel. 6  M>fii, ii i ii'^i<i<fii '>nfciwTO*r.T i^.'Biii^ .'it'^.M* .nil LIA17253 i 1 i! It 1 believed tbit a Mgb *jot itrrefttieAtloo of licit#*, scop* should V Initiated to *.yp.-;.;se tbs production, pe.-f-'r.'-aoee and sconcedc factors Involved In hot -lip 1*6.1 coatings on c-lvanl: :.i !?*' , aM to detsrscics wbvtth&r b o t h extensive progra-** la this are* Is warranted. er L Bassd on tbs constasptlon of l*b tine far galvanising steel (beet, tbs potential consulticn of lead costing* over tbs gaIrani ting could be substantial. j 1 Required 1963 Funds - $5,000 O 1 ^v^girwyWBii.grw?wjr^^ LI.U7254 * Tbe Transportation Karhet Tha preset discussed under this bashing pertains prinarlly to the autcsaobila and railroad Industries, but t* not Halted to these dmi. Likeviss, several other proJ-.-tu, a'.though rinding application in the trenspcutetloes smrket, are discussed under different headings. i ? D**9 * Fiber italnfarced Lc-ul, Amour fltsgarch Foundation Utls program which was originally devoted to fundoneotal research, becaas ctxxaerc rally Important vlth the discevery that 11 rssasles contained * vlthla Its fiber reinforcement even vhen heated to tha nelting point of lead. Rev fM-riat opportunities ver opened up for fiber reinforced leal as a bearing seterlal for railrcads, municipal. transportation systems, engines sad motor* ad as adder tape for us* la autcnobllee, pluablcg and similar application*. In *a lndeper.lcnt evaluation of steel fiber reinforced lead bearing*, tb* Association of American Jfcllroeda found that less then 20$ of *teel fiber r*> inforcesaent was sufficient to beep toe lead la the itrtx evn under condi tions of high temperature end pressure, that the reinforced lead besrlng* bsve excellent recovery properties, and that they bare a $0} to 75j longer life than conventional bearings. As a result, the Association of Aaerloaa !ttllrcds is considering the adoption of reinforced lead bearing* by tb* railroad Industry. Tb* British Jkiliys are also Interested In reinforced lead bearing* and spies bar* been submitted to then for evaluation. The use of relnforcsd lead bearings In autaootlv* application is tb* subject of another evaluation proposed to be carried out on a cooperative basis : with letrcit Aiuniuun nod Brass. It is felt that reinforced lead bearings has* definite technical advantages and that an lrvestlgatlon of the ecoocaic Justi fication in autoBotlvs applications is definitely warranted. Ibe Huycx Corporation Is calntalnlcg an active Interest in the cooD*rclalltatloa of reinforced lead solder tape and Is aval ting tha completion of the technical research at Amour. Black Bsvk Manufacturing Cocrpany also expressed an Interest In specific use* of lead solder tap* for autoaotlle body repair. Bm aarkrt potential for reinforced lead In railroad car bearings 1* esti mated at 1,000 toes annually, and far reinforced lead as body solder end solder tap* at 5/000 too* per year. Required 1963 Fund* - |l5,000 a litiitU i # LI A 17 2 *5 5 ' O'btV.'v 'X..# **- -*-* ! i Pcwder Metallurgy Dt-8 * PurdijwctAi Investigation of tea i Powder Metallurgy, | lb. I'-lvarxity of Rritlsh Col.ur- '. a___ S Previous vo.'i at Eaussolacr oo tb*i de*.*lo;os:;t of pweii! lead allay I eyatsns Aid not neet research objective; a.-.d * r.ev fuvivsentAl research prograa has been prcp-ised for the lteiver*lty of Emitirh Cel'-:;;", a to atjdy ths nechanlsns i of wrought jvvir b * tellurgr. Esrults of otb-r Investigators, such as Alloy* Research o*l L^vilc^'.oso* Ccrporcitioa, lavs demonstrated, although act conclu sively, that the pcvter netallurgy approach for prod, a clog superior wrought lead alloys his great Barit froa a tecbh.Icj.1 ;5.3 veil as free a ccssrerctal Stead* point, la Ehglaad, ccscrercitl Interest la pevier aataHiirgy la Increasing as a result of research perfer-oed there, and our progra-a IK-45 at Aaericsn and Reft clog Qxspany la Investigating the feasibility of producing wrought Mterial* froa particulate laed oo a pilot plant basis. Initiation of this prograa has been deferred until the first of the year to get the prograa on a calendar year basis. Sufficient funds are available for this project through 1963. Required 1963 Funds " BUS o J J D4-45 - Investigation of the Conversion of Jtojrtlculste lead to Wrought Force, American Sfaeltiag and flsflnlng Caapaay While Dt-8 vas devoted to fundamental research on particulate lead alloy systaoa, to inpreve their properties vith regard to strength, creep resistance and thereal stability, the program at KZSJCO Involves a pilot plant operation to produce end products frau the cost precising cf these alloys and to Invest!* gate their ccmercial feasibility. Recent Investigations have shown that the oxide contact of lead products has the greatest effect on ductility and etrer^th, and that concertially available powders axe too high In oxide content to ainteiq the delicate balance required for best strength properties end ductility. A portion of tbs new prograa will be devoted to the production of required experimental lots of pevder with controlled oxide and alloy content. Primary eeptsasis will b# given to the development of suitable controls to achieve optima properties of strength, creep and ductility. Ihe advisability of producing pilot lota of particulate lead Internally under ESP's sponsorship Is supported by the following reasons: 1. The techniques and nethode used will be available to the lead Industry and to potential anufsetware of end products free lsed powder*. 2. Oxidation problsn* arising Eras shipping and storage will be alnlalsed If the conversion to wrought products can be dene directly by the powder snzasfseturar. 3> Pilot plant eanufsctursr of particulate lead will provide a oontroUed source of supply of powders having specific characteristics. h. Dependency on comerleal powder source# could delay and handicap tbs progress of research In this eras. Required 1963 Ponds - >15,000 9 win niffifirMr ^nwi mmritwn'i rr"p;in q ii nn rre-*&&&!.m?rma*k&wi^w**IPn LI A17256 i I' r t. The Ch-rrtcal Market r Hiring 395-, 0.8. eotur&iptio of t*ti:wt.':yllead wa* 170,000 ten* while the combined tot'--'- cf nil other 1-e.l chc.~ica.lt, -> elusive of paint plgaest* and 1mA Oxide In batteries, w* IX' *. y >_ for cteric*!* 1* tbu* based almost entirely on the procucMou of 711' , 1 - -.rr, this jaartet is cow threatened by the shift fraa piston engines to gas turbines, &lel engines, end lean fuel engines, u wall as by legislative investigations of alleged hoalth hetarda caused by TSL exhaust 5*. Our efforts in this arts ere aised primarily at the davelcposnt of a large number of n<rv lead chert c*'a to Elnlssis.s ths effects cf poeeibla serfcet loesea and to open up nev saarx-st potentials. Ey wsy cf illustration our research ha* Indicated that certain lead c^eeic&is nay be useful as anti-carcinogen* and in I the tnsataent of inflavatory diseases. Tha Medicinal Dartst isey not ccneuM* i large tonnages of lead cccpounds, but it can provide invaluable publicity to offset the negative propaganda which baa bald back lead usage because of historical ; reputation. Based on these ccoslderattccs, Increased research efforts to develop nrv K lead chertcals and nev applications for lead cacpounda are not only of Major importance but. in addition, of lmedlata urgency. Ul-18 - A Fundiuaertal Study of Organolead Chert try, Organ!ech Chert ech i Ynetituiit, Trt M-V.7rt r This fundamental research prograa conducted at ISO, Holland, la slstd at increasing our understanding of the chemistry of organolead ea^cunds, at aynthesltlng nev lead chelates, exploring their radlcel reactions and evaluating t thslr biocidal properties. A carter of organolead cctrpourt* po see sing unusual characteristic* hsve bean synthesised in this prograa and the ccraaerctal feasi bility cf sees cf these chert cals is very high. Of particular interact is GO* of s'. the ayrtbeslted products, bexapbenyldilead, which baa been found to be mar* effective than inorganic laed cocpounds for the atahi lisatic of polyrinylchlartdM (FVC) plastics and as an antlfoudlrg additive Is Marine paints. 8arpl# quantities of this cceqxxtnd are being Bade available to various laborstori ea in Europe, England, the United States and Canada far evaluation. i Other lead organics synthesised in this program have shown unusual properties as insecticides, fungicides and Klldiclde*, as catalysts, lead polyaer* and fuel additives. It was also Doted that seme lead caopounds have favorable effects la treating lnflamatory illnesses and tuaore. The technical value of this prograa is very high and It is anticipated that worthwhile cataarclal benefit* will accrue to the lead industry as a result of this fundamental research prngraa. ' i Bequired 1963 Fuads - $25,OCX) 7 w mw -m?i'wwa^wyi *mwvreiv>ir.ifr-Ae!^Tiy^ - - -^aWiftSi LIA17257 ? ! LC-2S CrpruxlunS Cheg? atry, 5wrtsna*t5r Research l Zagioesrisg Ccsoond Till* research at ?tt'ck, lisa*. la a - -t .^-ii>'-n pre-gras to that being conducted at WO acd is * continual exela -.-.> of i-*::- **;c-rt ard does cooperation be- twsa tba tvo rgar.leat'eea. Thus 3;!'. eo ; ' i dsre'cp-ed by 7!?0 bay? bean nib* Bitted for teatlr; to V:.a Br.iaaoi egice 3 {-t - -.torlei of the 03 Qusrtersastsr Cceaaejid and bo the US r^partaent of /.grinl vheie efforts ara sale to evaluate j the poteatlaiitlea of those ccv chcslc^s fer poaeibl* application In textiles, i< protective coatirys and other related applications, * further research viil include studies of tl-s behavior of lead bonded directly to carbon and sulfur, and efforts at aytthe** ilrss r_<- * orgasoleed cccpcuada i continue to center around those containing leave is. A nanuecrlpt deacrib- f lug the iryortart rer-ilta of this restart! and entitled 'Syutheeie of Organolasd- ulfur Catjce^cde" vaa prepared and la to be nirrittod to tba Journal of Organic Chesxietry. Work performed at the ^jarteraaster aa veil aa at TSO runs along parallel lines, stisulatlrg aod supplementing each other, but avoiding duplication of effort. Likewise, cccpourr!3 aytthesiied In these two programs are being incarporeted In the vork of other Eh? projects, such as the lubricant additive pi rgi -- at Ethyl Corporetloo. The crrer-all rvfrits achieved to date froa our vork on Cfganoleed chemicals are sort encouraging. Required 1963 Fonda - $10,000 LC-k9 - Lead Cacpounda aa Lubricant# and Lubricant Addltlvee, Ethyl Corporation Tb.Lt prQgreua ce> the applicability of lead caeqiouDda as lubricant additives Involve* an evaluation of organoleed cceqwris which vere developed In our fundscental research progress* co the syutheaia of leed organics. Several of the ecx^wunda tested vere found to have rneartable effectiveness In reducing veer under boundary lubrication conditions and the raterials sees to hart excellent ccsaaerclal poealblUtles. One ccispxxmd in particular baa daccstrated outstanding stability over a vide range of temperature and aa effectlrecei ten tinea greater than aiqr ccomerclally avmilable lubricant additive on the mrket. The aarkrt potential of thla conpcund alone la estivated by a specialist In this flald at tan ail11on pounds of lubricant per year. Further research will be directed primarily toward developing a ccs--rclally fsaalble lubrication aystaa esyloyin* these lead additives as veil aa to continue the evaluation of nev confounds as they era syntheel ted. Continuation of this sppUed reaaaLrch progres Is strongly reecsmeoded. Required 1963 Funds $32,800 $<,. MM -.i. u ,* ijinjir) -xnfc~f''~itTi--r-.--rnatr. *.-**.** LlAl?p56 -***-1*-- > - 'i ik LC^J - IryTvgaer.*. of Textile fetoriels by Lead Chard cal Treatment, S t Srt.cf Agriculture | This program w m initiated in Septesber 1962 and its objective Is to supple* Hut the work of the Departaant of Agrlcultvrs on textile* and to investigate the | I; effectiveness of various organic and inorganic lead corcpcxrrjls in U^;roving th* ?. properties of textile*. i Successful developments in this field will introduce lead ehscical* to a mv j1 - .1 market lnvolvirs ever 3 jtHlioa tons of wool, rayon, *ilk and synthetic fiber*. Aseuaioa an astlasted cccaUHptlOQ of lead in textile* at 1/2 cf 1%, tbe market potential will be 15,000 ten* of lead or aor*. furtheraora, the lead used la textile* 1* completely constsaed and doe* cot return to the Market a* ecrap. t I Since this program 1* funded through Septessber 19^3, additional funding of $3,^00 l* recommended to continue the program thrctgb December 1963, if roch aa extension should be required. i i Required 1963 fund* - $3,500 i Lead Chemical* in Palate 1 i *:l LC-3^ - Anticorrosive properties cf Lead Pigment* in Hater Thltreble ferrous j<et*JL fcrlaers, Ragle-Picher Cocyajxj This program be* identified a aerie* of l*ed ccnpouads having superior ro*t ichibitive propartlea end investigation* are continuing in two Major area*! l 1. Development of beat curing, eater thlnaable lead plgaent natal prlaar*, having good atoreg* stability and application propertle*. 2. Development of air drying, water thlenable lead pigment aaintenence prlaere, baring good durability and application properties. l; As effective lead primer, free of volatile solvent*, would certainly be a welcome boon to automobile Manufacturers, and research in this area offer* a premising sstrket opportunity. Although Many vehicle* and formulation variable* have been systematically evaluated, a truly successful breakthrough be* not been accomplished to date with regard to air drying systems. However, with regard to baking finishes, excellent result* have been obtained which will soon be publicised. Although the superior performance of lead prlaar pigments has been daaom strata!, research Must continue until satisfactory vehicle* and formulatloo* caa be developed for air drying metal primer*. i The Market potential for lead primers on automobile* 1* ertlasted at 5,000 tons annually, and for tb* priming of structural steel at 12,000 too* per pear. Required 1963 fund* - $18,000 1 wwajppwm LIA172 59 IC-*0 - The Csg of lead Fijpr-cnts la Air Dr'icg Water Miscible Paints for Woo} E*gi*-Iich*>r 0cpery Host water thinned pain** suitable for exterior applications ar* gsrsarally forsed by the cb<*rixii yrctca* of teulslca po'y^riMtloo. The nost eccrsco latex pilots are md friji styrene-totail ere -copolymer*, polyvinyl acetate, or acrylic retina, *>1 etc b- cad* with high or low gloss, are ma.tr to apply, and re*let water, axrsonie end household detergents. 81oc they ere water thinned, they eaa be applied over damp concrete ee well ee co to >11 aetele and woods. Ttes voliaxe of latex paint bee grown treat Vo b IIIIo b galloca In 1952 to mi expected 9 million gallon* la 19&?. end thl* narket growth certainly Justifies compatibility studies with lesd pigsenta. T5* work currently la prcr*#s le primarily concerned with exposure tests of e eerie* of prepered persele to sake cce-parieocx of lead compounds, vehicle*, end top coat fansulatioo*. Additional vehicle* ere being tested as they bacon* available. Funds required for this program are included In IC-^fc. Required 19^3 Bunds * POM lead Chemicals In Ceraadce In terns of long rang* benefits, the cereals prograa gives the lead Indiatry an excellent return oc research expend!turee. Leadicg universities are stimulated to work oo lead, new fundamental lnforaatloo 1* developed for a better understand* leg of the reactions of lead la ceraxics, future ceramists are provided with experience and knowledge of lead product*, technical paper* describing our re search are published in scientific Journal*, arvl favorable finding* of the advant ages of leal In ceramics are given international publicity. Our ceraale research feblew*hips Involve a suitable blaodlrg of theoretical studies with applied investigation*. Clcse vetch 1* kept on any dexelopoecta that nay be directed Into practical sarket applications. The following ceraaic fellowship* are currently In prcgxessi tC-12 - Cleeson Agricultural College, involves two topics for Investigation! tbs first study will determine whether control of particle six* distribution can be used to Blniadt* bubble* In the glace. The eecood topic Involve* studies to dsternda* ths merit* of lead compound* as coostltusnts la fast cooling glass*. Required 1963 Fund* #2,$00 IC-lW - Fenneylvanla State tfaiverelty, continue* the study on ths preparation of high frequency dielectric materials by crystallisation of glasses ecctelnir* ccoelderabl# amount* of lead oxide. Special attention Is given to phase relation ships and physical properties of selected csraade systens. Required 1963 funds - #3,990 U " 1 "WiTMlirBIMll.OTgjiiWIIIlgl1 DV'MWS.W.Wp LI A17 2 60 ws,w w w y r ,!$iwffiiii r p$yf v. tC-19 - Urdverulty of IlllnT-is, involve# an extensive study of lead aolytxlate as an cpa<:ifi<*x- la low firing temperature hind be ar leg enarwl*. This fellowship has the poeiibillty of developlrg cceoeiciad low temperature lead alas** for application to steel and al'.sslnun substrates. \f | required 1#3 Fuads - $3,000 i 1C-?'1 - Rutgers, The Stats Qniwevsity. continues Its work on lead fluxed tils bodies. The objective of this fellow*-'? i* to develop Iced cortainitig csrsadc bodies possessing lew fun Ion temperatures, high resistance to abrasion and cbeadcai. attack, high strength and thermal shock resistance. Prelirinary results have shown sarked lsprovecects in physical prepert iea and the possibility of reducing r i firing teeperatures. Bsquired 1963 Fuads - $3,000 1C-22 - Alfred University. pertains to studies of the effect of lead end other constituents on the thermal expansion of various glass systems, primarily ; tbs FtO-Sl-j-r 0 system. Measureoert s will be carried out free liquid nltrogsa te^erature* tb the yield point cf the glass. l t i Required 1963 Funds - $3,000 IC-53 - Cnlverslty of California, Involves research co the magnetic proper ties of leaded ferroelectric cccpcuai*. A graduate fellow for this research bas not been appointed at this tins, but it is hoped that the project will begin soon. Required 1963 Funds - $5,000 hC-TT - Fencsylvarda State TTnlverslty, is cootlnul!^ work on the study Of lead oxides and hydroxides under conditions of high temperature and pressure, to obtain a better understanding of their tbemodynescic behavior. Required 1963 Funds - $k,100 LC-5^ - Korth Carolina State College, concerns the effects of ccepoeltioo cm thermal expansion of glates, using as a starting cccpositioo a typical lead glase which bas bees successfully used on fast firing bodies. 1 ! Required 19$3 Funds - $2,990 s It 1 i1'HnupipniMiH mw w ?! y y y ji j LIA17261 r~ Strength of Glasses, Eutgers, lb* Statj Tteivvrsity Another svivijr Jv-p-iscl fellowship pro^oct Involve* the r*l*iiccj>M,i> batV9*n I ?, ? 5 strongth and elasticity In ccrt-ic sate rials. Sine* oxide* of sc*.sl, such M c0 and PbO, have tie eb.il liy to j >1 lfy *' a properties of glasses. It '. rocctas* ( tried that a fellovehlp rt-jiy tm initiated in t': i* area ej>l that it be cocparativaly sponsored by the All, IJA and the Sclar4ua uA Tall-iriua Ccmsitto*. Tbs Lit sharo Of this $5,000 project Is #1,500. h i i 1 Baquirod 1963 Jtaada - #1,500 ?r iK M IlS i .!*> M lO iiM ta M M fc 'riirirlitlV iiillin rttlllim iim iln .lliilu liiiiM i.., I. LIA1 726? i? i \ i i I | ! 5 0 JfeSsajfealth fend *v$_Ti'' * " iLE^~ o' the Level of Lead Concentration la aa Aabient ?>: ~, ';. Ketterirg liooricary This prcpovti progr-aa is * ccntloustion cf ft reioexeh project which v m initial**.' late Xaat year under the finavjciai sj>onor*hip of Lupoct *;d the fthyl Corporation. Later (sffsc Li vs Ecptecb-r 1, ) the United State* Public Health Serrlcft asoused or< fourth of tbs yearly cost by arena of ft grant to Kettering. the research project la dsaigned to increase our knowledge of the effect on the bussm ay*tea cf inhabit! ca cf particulate lead ever period* of tine longer than 8 beers per da/. T-.e Deed for t-hie study 1* demonstrated by tho in*iteaee of official health agencies, California especially, that suhient air llicit* be let for all tcxlc satertsls. Unis** specific and scierrtlfically accurate data nr* dec*loped, health agencies la mry part* of the country vill act In purely arbitrary Banner and set limits baring little car d o relatloc to reality. This baft already happened In California where the State Health Depertoent aet a llsdt for carbon moocxlds In air that vu css* third of the recogrdted 1 nduatrial standard for eight-hour exposure*. It 1* accessary to obtain authoritative data oc the perdssibla lml of lead concentration In the atmosphere and to hare these data cocflrned by official health agencies. Tula procedure 1* particularly Ispcrt&st Is order to avoid the possibility of arbitrary legislation ufalch nay be detrimental to lead usags. The proposed study is e cca^sleoect to our prograa 1C-69 at Stanford Research Xnatltute, entitled '`Variation of Atmospheric lead Concentration and Type with Particle Slie*, end the Kettering 'Propoeal* va* approved by the Health and Safety Cocsclttee at It* nesting on Hovtcber 13, 1962. Required 1#3 Pond* - #35.000 ftie Testing of Organoleed Coe^ounda for poetibia Endocrinological aad Intl-K&rpary Tuner Activity - Ihe Worcester Pouadatlon for Experimental biology It* Vorcecter ftwndetloa for Experimental Rlolcgy la engaged In fundemsetal research on cancer and Inflamatory dlfteeae*, and part of their Investigations Include teste to determine possible beneficial effect* frem the use of various chemical* ae therapeutic agent*. Among the chemicals tested In thl* program b o far are organolead compound* developed In cur program at the Quartermaster Reeearch and Engineering Cccmand, Satlck, Mas*. These lead cbaticels have show* premise a* anti-carcinogens and In the treatment of InflazBatory dlseeeee and tfftnr* It la recommended that a modest screening program be Initiated at tbe Vorceeter Eourdatloo for a marinum sum of #5.000 for 00a year. In addition, ft Is suggested that other laboratories such as Sloan-Kettering and the Rational Cancer Institute be requested to Incorporate our arganoleed compounds in their existing testli^ programs at no cost to us. Required 19&3 funds - #5,000 4 ^ hi q i>--r-if^ tv iri* '/mt&M* LIA17263 mm 1f- i I i 1. f !' t I i i. r. ; :- \ \ ; f \ l- i j i` r I- ' l *jr*F i General lf.-?9 - A Turdsgenial Study of Surface React!oo< of Lead, University cf Rsibcuroe i Eitti* knowledge 1* available on the effect that trace slemrnts bar# oa ths surface structure of lead arc! oa the rat* of oxlAatlcti, Tbs purpo** cf thi* research prograa 1* to provide fuadaseniai dt for ths interaction hstveen oxygen ard lead under a variety of experinental condition*. It 1* fait that the contractor la breaking orw (round hers and la producing valuathle lnforaatioa la lead technology. Required 1963 funds - $A,000 4 LZ-T? - A Surrey of R*earch Requirements la the Battery field* Ik. A. Tlaiechar l Considering the graving popularity of cordlaaa appliance*, portable toole, electrode equlpaeat and various rechargeable denrlces, it es* advisable to deter-sdne la vbat area a research project would be Boat rewarding to the battery iaduatry. Er. A. fleiacber baa beea reccBBerdad aa a Baa 1 neatly qualified to carry out curb a general survey of tbs battery field and to reteras'd vbat research la needed and not bale* done sow. It 1* ee tin*ted that the total value of coarentlocal lead-acid batteries sold annually in the USA 1* In exce*s of $6cO Billion- In area* where weight la a coc*lderation, the alkalin*-electrolyte batter!**, such aa those using nlckalcadaiua, nlck*l-iroo, sllver-cadxiua*, or ilv*r-tinc electrode*, have beccBS large ol'jsae teller*. Observer* predict that their tales will increase five fold vlthiB the next tan year* in spite of the high price of these *y*t*sss. It is therefore necessary that the lead-acid battery producer* seek ways to pack their power In saaller and better cells and strer^then their competitive position. The technical ccsBdtteas reccseended that Er. 71*i*cher be coBadssloosd to Bake a surrey of the battery field and that $6,500 be set aside for this purpose* Required 1963 funds - BCR (Rot approved by the Technical Steering Cooalttee) IR-TO - Chertcal and tlectmcbealcal Corroeioo of lead Alloys. Eepartsento Ee Metals Soo-Farroe Madrid There Is reason to believe that a maker of lead alloys which bars beSB identified frees the work cf Amour Research foundation end others Bay find practical vrtllltatloo in battery and general Industry applications. It la there fore reccBBendsd by the technical ccnaittee* that the** alloys be checked for corrcaioo resistance and Industrial applicability and that $5*000 be set aside for this work. Required 19&3 funds $5*000 IT i LiA17Z6A \ A 115-71 - bead Anote* in the Purification of Icrettlc and Industrial gfflugnt (jster i Tha widespread u* of synthetic detergent* and vetting slants, saay of which an* not sttacbtd by tb* usual biological jsincsass* thnt destroy fatty acid soap*, he* created serious profcless In dccsstlc ard iuius trial effluent vUr. tts* i presence of tbaae detergents in petalis water supplies presents an unknown health |t hazard. \ A second problea arises fron the use of certain type* of toxic sprays which leach Into the stress** and are biologically concentrated in specific type* of organism*. It would appear reasonable to assuae that a method of treatment might be developed in which the wetar would be paseed through a cascade of lead arid* anode* which vould at least partially oxidize the organic material*. There la aleo the poeeibillty that cyanide coctal clrg effluente from plating operation* could be rendered harmless by similar techniques. Although a Barhat potential in thla field cannot ce determined et this tine, the technical a* well aa the caaaerclal feasibility of this process could readily be ascertained after a limited snount of work* Substantial quantities Of lead would be required la each treataent plant for the purification process. Bequlred 19&3 funds 05,000 wa.if n i i t i1& am e *ia .ri --v im 1i1iniwMfcw i i n :rST-. *** 18 sygwu -Tit '* |gg^ g y1jr