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FILE NAME: Trade Publications (TR) DATE: 1939 May DOC#: TR038 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Trade Journal Article - Procedures in Dust Sampling Associated Business Papers C o n c r e t e , with which has been com bined Cement Age, New York, and Concrete Engineering, Cleveland, is devoted to the Proper Use of Concrete and the Manufacture of Cement. Published Monthly by Concrete P ublishing Corporation 400 West Madison Street Chicago, Illinois Telephone CENtral 8822 Louis Brookman, Jr., Business Manager L. Moeller, Circulation Manager Harold 0. Hayes. Promotion Manager Representatives New York City E. Macdonald Bacon 17 West 4oth--Room 909 Longacre 3*5260 Detroit Parker & Tarbell 419 Curtis Bids.. 2842 W. Grand Bivd. Madison 1540 San Francisco: Don Harway Room 1009, 155 Montgomery St. Exbrook 6029 Los Angelos: Don Harway & Co. 318 West Ninth Street Tucker 9706 T he Cement Mill Edition of Concrete The Cement Mill Edition of Concrete is edited exclusively for tho*e interested in the manufacture of portland cement and related products. Its pages are devoted to discussions of plant design, management, operation, production effi ciency, chemical research and control, quarry op eration, progress and news of the industry. The Cement Mill Edition also contains all the material published in the corresponding Regular Edition and so provides news of the uses and merchandising of the materials whose manufacture is discussed in the Mill Edition. The Regular Section furnishes mill operating officials and mill executives valuable points of con tact with the users of the materials they produce. The subscription price is $4.00 a year in the United States and its possessions, and Mexico. One dollar additional for postage in all other countries. Current copies, 50 cents each. Charter Member Volume 47 May. 1939 Number 5 Norman M. Stineman, Editor J. C. Witt, Consulting Editor A. C. Bamberger, Assistant Editor CONTENTS Many Slurry-Filter Installations Soon Return the Investment.... 158 foU Plant in Thirteenth Year of Safety...... .................................... 159 Qualities Required in Oil-Well Cement........................................... 160 Procedures in Dust Sampling........................................................... 161 Consumption and Generation of Power at Cement Plants........ 162 Relation Betweea Composition and Heat of Solution................... 164 Determination of Grindability of Coal...... ......................... ........... 166 Editorial Discussion ..................... _.......... - ............................. ......... 167 Oil-Well Cement Buying More Power The Kiln Operator Constitution of Cement Clinker.....................................................- 168 What Quantity of Dust Is Harmful? ................................................. 163 To Protect Suppliers of Materials on Public Works Projects...... 170 Mill Equipment _____-......................................- ............................... 171 Men and M ills......................- ................--.............................- .......... 172 Advertisers' Index, Page 32 CONCRETE is indexed in INDUSTRIAL ARTS INDEX, which may b s consulted in any Technical or Public Library. Audit Bureau of Grculations C O N C R E T E -- Cement Mill Section -- May, 1939 Copyright. 1939, by Concrete Publishing Corp. Page 157 CEMENT MILL! Procedures in Dust Sam pling R ecom m endations of Engineering Committee of Air Hygiene Group DEFINITE instructions for taking and analyzing dust samples are given in a report by the committee on preven tive engineering appointed by the Air Hygiene Foundation, and headed by Prof. Philip Drinker, of Harvard Uni versity. The full report has been issued by the Foundation under the heading Routine Sampling for Control of Atmos pheric Impurities. Dust Analysis In the case of all dusts the estimation of the sample taken from the air can be made by counting representative fractious under the microscope, or the sample can be analyzed by appropriate chemical methods, or the material can be vveighed. The large impinger and the electric pre cipitator are equally well adapted to either procedure. The midget impinger collects, in reasonable sampling time, a relatively small amount of dust, enough for counting. Dusts, like silica, that are troublesome to determine chemically, are generally counted, while those like lead, manganese, and cadmium, are deter mined chemicallv. Concerning light-field vs. dark-field counting, the bulletin says that for routine control work the relative advan tages of these two methods--no matter what sampling instrument is used--are unimportant. Some gases and vapors, notably carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and mer cury, in minute amounts, give strong chemical reactions which makes possible rapid estimations; and still better, con tinuous records of pollution. However, the great bulk of gases and vapors from organic solvents, such as benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and carbon disulfide, can not be caught efficiently unless sampled at slow rates, such as * to 1 liter per minute. Some of them, such as benzene, can be absorbed directly in special sol vents or adsorbants, like charcoal or silica gel. or can be converted into an other compound which can then be esti mated by an appropriate method. Routine Checks and Recording If control equipment has been in stalled, samples should be taken periodi cally for check-ups. This is the best way "Before-and-after" in a cernant manufacturing plant.--On the left is a baqginq machine in opera tion with the duet exhaust shut off. showinq normal conditions as they existed before the exhaust system was installed.--On the right the same activity is shown with the exhaust system in operation Courtesy W . V . Sly lianufacturm g Co., Cleveland, Ohto to tell whether the equipment is function ing as it should. If concentrations obvi ously are high, it is usually a waste ot time to take the sample and to e s t im a t e it. Today, many plants operate crushing units and other dust producers at night, to take advantage of reduced power cate' and to stagger employment over 2d hours. During the night shift, dust inspections can be made rapidly, using nothing but the beam from an ordinary flash light to detect dust teaks. Such crude tests do not take the place of regular sampling technic. How often the routine samples should be taken de pends entirely upon local conditions. In some places, they are taken daily; in oth ers, several times a year is enough. It is well to play safe and to take them too often rather than too seldom. The men quickly become used to such sampling and pay no attention to the procedure. Obviously, the sooner the sampler has the man's interest in his results, the better will be the outcome. Wherever Men Work Samples should be taken wherevei men work. It is a mistake to ignore places where one believes that there is no dust or gas. The samples are about the only pioof that the employer can bring forth that he has taken proper precautions to prevent a disease, such as silicosis. The mere statement that he or anyone else thought the atmosphere sufficiently clean is not enough. Occasional photographs of various plant operations are often of greater prac tical usefulness than are records of dust counts or of gas or vapor concentrations. As an exhibit on the company's bulletin hoards, photographs are effective warn ings to the men to clean up. C O N C R E T E -- Cement Mill Section -- May. 1939 Kentucky Laboratory Moved to Brooklyn KENTUCKY Testing Laboratory, of Lexington, Kentucky, has been ab sorbed by Foster D. Snell, Inc. of 305 Washington Street. Brooklyn, N. Y. The Kentucky laboratory has specialized in analysis of coal, water, building mate rials and similar lines. All equipment has been moved to Brooklyn, and the former personnel has become part of the staff of Foster D. Snell, Inc. This broad ens the analytical division of the Snell laboratory and at the same time improves the service possible to former clients of The Kentucky Testing Laboratory. Serv ice at the new location was started on April 1. Page 1G1 CEMENT MILL What Quantity of Dust Is Harmful? W HAT quantities of various indus sponsorship of the international commit trial dusts, fumes, gases, vapors or tee on silicosis, of which Dr. Sayers is one mists may the atmosphere contain wiotfhthe vice-chairmen. That conference out danger or possibility of producing emphasized the necessity of preventing harmful effects on workers? silicosis through suppression of silica This problem is being attacked by the dust. committee on standard allowable concen All standards prepared by the A.S.A. trations of toxic dusts and gases ap committee will first state the scope and pointed by the American Standards Asso purpose of the standard; second, identify ciation, 29 West 39th Street, New York. the substance chemically, physically, and The committee is headed by Dr. R. S. descriptively; third, state the maximum Sayers, chief, division of industrial permissible range of concentrations of hygiene, . S. Public Health Service. the toxic substance in the air of work The committee will make recommenda tions to A.S.A. committees which are working on methods of preventing occu places; fourth, state how and where at mospheric samples shall be collected; fifth, describe the method or methods to pational diseases, particularlv the com be employed in analyzing air samples; mittees on the design and operation ot sixth, include an interpretation and gen exhaust ssytems, and ori protection of eral summary of information to help in heads, eyes, and respiratory organs of in applying the requirements. dustrial workers. Its findings will be Dr. R. R. Jones of the U. S. Public helpful in carrying out the recommenda Health Service is acting as technical sec tions of the international conference on retary for this committee. Communica silicosis, held last September under the tions mav he addressed to him. Exposition of Chemical Industries Scheduled for December unable to obtain the data necessary to issue the certificate by his own means, the interested exporter will be requested to furnish him the required data on whole sale prices. The absence of this informa tion will subject the shipment in question to the additional duty of 10 per cent ad valorem. Brazil's Cement Plants Now Meet National Needs IMPORTS of cement into Brazil have steadily declined during the 10-year period 1929-1938, until they now repre sent less than 9 per cent of the 1929 trade, says a report to the U. S. Bureau of For eign and Domestic Commerce from the American Consulate Ceneral at Rio de Janeiro. In the same period domestic produc tion has increased about 60 per cent. The explanation for this state of affairs lies principally in the fact that with the assist ance of foreign capital ( American and Canadian I large manufacturing plants have been erected in Brazil; and these, protected as they are by an import duty, are now supplying the demands of the principal Brazilian markets or trade areas. Were it not for the high cost of transportation from manufacturing cen ters to remote markets in the countrv it i.-, probable that cement imports, with the exception of white cement, would cease entirely. White cement is not now being produced in Brazil. THE Seventeenth Exposition of Chem ical Industries will be held this year at Grand Central Palace, New York City, during the week of December 1 to 9. Since its inception in 1915. the Chemical Expo sition has become the traditional means by which the industry's manufacturers and engineers convene to take inventory of material and equipment advances. At the last Exposition, in 1937, held at Grand Central Palace, visitors came from 1,358 cities and towns in 45 states of the United States, and fiom 130 cities and towns in 47 foreign countries. The total registered attendance was 46.290, an alltime record. The first three floois of Crand Central Palace have been reserved for the com ing exposition in December. Nearly 200 previous exhibitors have re-engaged the entire first and second floors, and onethird of the third floor. Many of the ex hibitors who were in the first Exposition in 1915 have already engaged space for 1939. Information about space may be addressed to the Seventeenth Exposition of Chemical Industries. Crand Central Palace, New York, N. Y. Regulations for Exemption from Additional Duty Ar g e n t in e Decree No. 295 of Nov. 28, 1938, provides that in order to be exempt from the additional duty of 10 per cent ad valorem, as provided by the 1938 budget law, imported cement docu mented as from Jan. 1, 1939, must be covered by a special certificate issued by the Argentine consul in the country of origin showing the wholesole price or prices for cement for internal consump tion in the local markets, says a report to the U. S. Bureau of Foreign and Domes tic Commerce. The Argentine consuls will issue the certificate free of charge. This special certificate is in addition to the regular documentation required on shipments to Argentina. When the Argentine consul is C O N C R E T E -- Cement Mill Section -- May, 1939 Increase Producing Capacity in Germany I N October, 1938, definite steps were taken in Germany to bring about a big expansion in the producing capacity of the nation's cement industry, says a report to the U. S. Bureau of Mines from C. M. Garrity, U. S. vice-consul at Frankfort-on-Main. The expectation is that the output in 1939 will exceed the production in 1938 by some 6,000,000 metric tons, or about 30 per cent. Up to the middle of 1938 the demand for cement was met without diffi culty; but later, when enormous orders for supplies for fortification of the west frontier were received, the demands made by private consumers could not be satis fied. It was necessary to import Italian cement for the construction of the KDF (People's Car Works 1 at Fallersleben. It is estimated thet the producing capacity of the German cement industry was 18,000,000 metric tons in 1938. Page 1G9 32 CONCRETE May, 1939 MOST AMAZING I Advertisers' Index 1 1939 BLOCK MACHINE T he FOOTE HAMMERED STRIPPER Original in Design -- Outstanding in Perform ance -- Compact -- High Capacity -- Low First Cost -- Quality, Low-Cost Production. Write today for descriptive bulletin T H E J. B. FOOTE FO U N D R Y CO. 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