Document QJYOBbBvvLdVk8dmX0qdZwdLo

Lead Industries Association, Inc.----- MMKMAw m NMYCA.N.V. 10017 T*t*pfton: (711} tTKOGtO Sacaabar 6, 197S 1 8UUXCT: HAS MAOAZXXS VOUMI 35, _____ *>. 3-fc - 1972 -y?s TO: MBKBEH3 07 TO HAS DDUBISIB ASSOCIATE*, C. .3 Cncloaod ;Uu find tba new loon* of LKAD KA0AZ1XX, Tola* 35# Co. 3-^ for 1972. If >011 vould Ilka to bava additional coplaa of tbla public*tl00 far dlatrlbutlon to your ataff or cuatoaera# plaaaa do not boa1tat# to contact ua. Vary truly youra, HAS mXBTKOS ASSOCIATE*, DC. RA:ca Cod. R. Aaaadl Manager - Publication* -> * nutim } N 3483.01 Xi ** ;.V i:' ?; ' 'v.;^ THE VOICE OF AN INDUSTRY Wr think (bnr k a moral lot al of wnikr folio* mg axy; Recent failure* of electrical rtbU b the Srm York City arra orft diarmor d oo thr earning Iclnkioi arvirMi 4 both NBC and CBS. A piece of lead aheaibed calk was dkpUfid by the to* catv rdiltr and Wad was blamed for the porr failurr. It m iBryrdjr produced by corrvHm effected by a*k vrd for mow central Oor of our Uff dug kilo (be ptory and tlk k whet br dkcomvtL The itO* itr rtpoctfd the rtlJn (a qarstieri were 30 to 40 yrtr* old. Their record of acr> lice a* so admirable that rtpUcrtaral cable will br airailarljr lead ahratbrd- Nryitivn make or**. The UMtmr pottery maker's defective ceramic*; dm* connected child potaemtag--tW rriaforce ibe negative tworiitSoM of lead. That la why ihk magazine k cmted to accentuating the positive: impfortd enriiuammt created by anjar upprcwaion, enbanced indtulntl peraon* *ri relation* brought a(tout by lead bat* trrlea, highway safety alvttrd by chrome yellow* lt'a an uphill fight. But north making Your comments and auggratioo* are orb corned by the editorial *uff of LEAD. I ( The To(U TnJf Cratrr, located oa a >it m Ac tip W Mm* iurttia ^rriooiag tkr Hudson Rim, duiiffd tkr profilr of New Ywit ^world-famous skyscraper akrimr. The crater, which it dnlpw4 by Minor* Ytmtuki and Aooculn of Troy, Mick.; and tarry Both wJ Son* of \rw York City, L ^vAiMlrd by tkr world's tallest building*. TVy are tkr 1,350 fret high Inn lewrrt that soar U0 storim into tkr iky and Ary are rapidly becoming a* aril known as tka tapire State BuOding. which Ary ex ceed it bright by 100 (ni Opened for bwlaeM ia Deermher, 1970, tkr Center it designed to expand tkr flow of international trade by bring ing together business and pormaeK geociex Involved ia tkr marketing and prorating of tack trade. Houard witkia tkr fire comenerrial building* at tkr Csntrf--tkr tain tower*, tkr Soot kraal and Northeast PUia Buildings and tkr t ailed Sutra Customs Building--a ill be all tkr financing, transportation, com munications and trade education fartiitie* required to carry on international trade at efficiently as possible. Wa the Center U completed la 1974, Jkt ail] contain 9 million square fret of Office apace and kave a daily population i about 50,000 worker* mid appmxiautdy 80,000 vUrtor*. A hotel, tkr first to be buih in lower Manhattan, b sched uled to be constructed at tkr Center. Built by Tkr Poet Authority of New York and New Jersey at a cost of about $700 million, the 9 odd Tradr Center b on suck a gigantic scab that fea con struction b resulting in an impressive list of record-breaking achievements. FOOft ACCOM) UftCt OF UAO For example, by Ac time tkr Center b completed, nearly a million pounds of beet lead will have been Uncalled. Mliilr tkr nearly one nuQo pound* of b a ferord for An type of m> stnsdton. three other ferord we* of lc^ also are expected la result by the timu the Outer b completed. TVr beb^; The ant Imd w**d to Hue landscaping planter* . . . about 780/100 Ifaa. The am trad used la waterproof a water founts ia .. . about GO/XX) fca. The most bad wed to ltd the base of buildings .. . about Sf.000 fca. Mum of Ike lead b being bwtaOrd ia and around Ae Terif Trade Cinter Plan, an enormous five-aere elevated platform that w CB surround the six build ing* at the Center. For example, 20 huge lead-lined landscaping planter* are being installed around, adjacent to, and betseen the six buildings faring the elevated pUaa. Abu being installed b the lead Hiding around the base of building* facing the ftaxa a* b tkr lead wsterproofing for the water fountain, an enormous Instab lallon located ia the Plus's gigantic 369^ by 37S' Center Court. Installation b yrt to begin for two additional lead applications that will be added to those now being installed: lin ing for 30 Urge sidewalk-level Uixbcup- taut l x s s'- lag pUntm, aoi tnlfrproo&Bf for nWrier stairway* Wading (ra tW icmf lnk Ukr OnUr U iWTOW^e4 l>jr Ouirrh, Liberty, Vcary and West Stmt*) to the PUu i&4 from tkr PUu It the Cratrr'1 Coorotm Level, located imf*rjlately below tW Plata. iMtllitU of tW bad wilrfprooiii| for the plaaa-lrvcl Undteapiag pUatm, (W %ui (otftUla lad fttshing for tW ^rfiartir of WuUiFi facing iW Plata ka brra underway since early tbb year. TW fod b brUf kutalU Arowjtk joint venture sub-contract shared by Kb F. Abrmtky 4 Ca, loc^ BrookIra. N.Y.; and AIM Lead, lac, Chb cafa. Ud for tW tknr job* b bbf sup plied mi hcrmirtt* drynd| m too airrtioi trhrdobv of other sub-contrac tor* narking tkr World Tr*dr Cratn roMtmdiM pfojrrt. Botk 6 lb. ptf J/JT tkkU ud 8 lb. ptmk per i^urr fold (H* tkki) bod b bb| uird. TW bod (ontttM m( Ira tkaa pern at tor more (Km 4*4 pactrot aatiawny aod an arsrmk coolrtt of 0.10 rr*frt to prmMb for incrcawd cocramm rrvbUwt uvd to dr err tot thermal riptmion. Sheet m at Urge at pete* ticabb art lunng utilised ia order to keep |<4nU to a minimum and thereby br(p itaurr tkr *trrU|kt integrity of tW bod. LatTi tofrtMot resistance, freedom from Maintenance, and tb fad that It pwidrt for a troubb-free waterproof* ia| mrmbraAce arc tkr primary raatoaa it ti idrcird for tW vmrfoua mobture protects* application* at tW World Trade Center. Lead's traditional dura* blUty--k till imarUbly outlast other building materials when properly la* stalled --wa* anotWr Important arbetfon ftdor. All sheet bad to W U contact with concrete. til, mortar or gnut b pro tected &rtt with a cold-applied bitumb tout bwk rooting of 12 to 14 mil thickness, a normal precaution againat ptrctul corroMce attack from fror bar fonad la all material* containing irmrat. To insure that tW bad Bam1 Wane b protected from pootihb damage by sharp-edged stone* and other lociaafoot in the cement, a 30 tb. npkih* impreflated fell covering wm applied over the bituminous coating before tb abed bad we* foeUfted. p l a z j u j v c l murrtag Typical af the critical rob bad b playing ia mwtrvdiaf thr Center b lit me to liar the 20 plirrfod landscaping planters. Simply stated, the bad lifting for tW [form b aa obotka of, and b incorporated with, the mahi-mem brane moisture protect** tyatem that b being used to * aterproof the entire fiveacre Plata area. The system tenet at the roof (or the Cuncounc Level and must be made completely moisture-proof y la order to Wait that various facUL tba therein , ahopt, restauronto. ale. . . . arc not da magiA by a alar bal ing through tW roof. TW landtcnpiag ptanuvv wifl W one of tW major highlighta af tW Plata area. In addition to their Itaibtaping function, they wiQ hrlp break w the distance between buildtoga and the Plata area, irparate bnildiag aides (roan erect areas, and am at diridart be tween butldtogs and tW Pleat's Cmto Court. Some af tW planter* w<8 W aa big at 106# long and 40' wide whOr others art nearly a block long and about 6' wide. TW large Undtraping planters wil contain 4 London plane Ura, each with aa approximate IT branch diameter; about 7 Sowing crab appb trees; and mare thna 1,400 mrfrmu. About 1.190 plantings af Bshic hy *31 U need to dh fill in tW outer edge* af tW planter*. TW tallest tree* wlB W planted atop I wrie* of "fc3W". toate aa high aa six fnt. which wUl W created within the planters. gOCVAU PLANTtftS TW bad lining foe tW 30 street4re4 Unfotpiai [foitm, like tW lining foe the 20 huge plmfod planter*, aba pu* a i il.flT important momturr pro. -s k w- " .feb -T k. - -i I &- l-- - If fe.; lection role. Eftdl 10" ill diameter Aftd Mwff S' ad 6' dfrp, tbe planten wifl be Urird b lidrvilb nuwbf along tkr mirr biori froqiin| ao Qtrri Street and fkortljr along Veary and lib erty Surrrta. Pan el tbe Cokt'i Cofoifw Lrerl as f0 as wb><y station farilkir* are located brlow tbr iidr*&i ad therefore da planters art be tbocMf^7 itiWproofrd. ladn* ptanr lint also i> ill be pUlUrd b tbe ildr* afc flinkg ATOMoonNO nizuim ml d mq rouMcm la dnifninf tbr aoUrf pcolrdb* Hira |ir tbr V arid Trade Center's iitacrr Plata area, particular attertiet paid to iB*trb| that a watertight ral aa installed irowd tbr plmbrci rrtrnor perimeter of tbe Cndrr'i iw rriMiiTriil biOdiap and tbr proposed | bocrl. Tbr rroaou: ait tbr buildings w & extend through ud shore da Plan la much tbr ram manor? as gigantic tbrumuf prortraiHMo and a failure inyaim along tbr aral trill likely result ia water bdb| into tbr acorn of bknutioaal iby. Marat*, irttwa-laBdiat paa* sageways and otbrr fscilrtica la tbr Coo* (wirx Inti Mn LEAD U(0 TO PLASM AM OP PLAZA-LtYtL \MLDQA Wairrproo&ag around tbr perimeter d tbr biildiap la bring Kronplnied wfab dart Wod and, likr tbr abed Wad memWane uard ta waterproof tbr pUu4nd landscaping planter*. It W bring joined a tbr plan** moisture pntRtba ryu- Irm in order to insure that (hr entire IrtacTf area b waterproof. Nearly rrrrything at tbr World Trade Crnlrr U on a gigantic arale and Ixotab Ulioa of tbr waterproofing around tbr plan-lrrrl perimeter of tbr budding* ia na exception. For example, more than half a mih* of Y tridr sheet lead baa ah ready been baUlird around tbr perim eter of (brer Wildiap at tbe Center. Included in tbr total are 840 lineal Wet of dtM lead for tbr peruneier of each of tbr tw 31 loom and approximately 1,109 linear Wet of sheet bod for tbe perim eter of tbr Northeast dan Building. 17-TOM AOTATMQ CCMTEft COUftT FOUMTAM T9MKT0N NUOC rtATFOAM Amoeg tbr many dramatic sights at tbr A rid Trade Center a ill hr tbr a sUf fountain in tbr PUu't center court. Tbr fountain b Wirnd | be tbr biggest of it* Lind rter U3l A 24* high. 17-ton ml bronre sculp ture, to he art on a IT diameter ntabj turnublr. a til he installed ia tbr center of tbr fountain- A circular platform aritb an ouUidr diameter of 82* 4" w ill sur round tbr Urge rotating turntable on ahieh tbr sculpture a ill hr art. Rising jgpwngs gpqgj#*-. jpiwi MtiiitfrrrTha fn>n a 4* base, tbr platform, a Kick ha# been completed, gradually slope* opaard to tbr point ahere fa adjoins tba circular turntable. Water florbf from tbr rotating sculpture at a flow rate nf 7/f)0 qm. a ill cascade am tbe nm ferr of tbe circular platform that aur* rounds fa. hr collected In a putter at tbr pUtform hnsr, and thru be recircu lated through tbr sculpture by I targe rharge chamber located in a vrfl brlov tbr fountain. Approvimalrly 76^)00 square Wet %4 sheet lend was used to aaterproof tbr fountain and the 30 aq. fL charge chamber aefl below tbr fam> tain. Sir th. pf sheet Wad an naed In uatrrproof ibr top of tbr relating farm tabW and tbr platform surrounding fa while 8th. pf sheet lrad arm uard to waterproof tbr charge chamber wrC_ A I<Aa] of nearly 30 loan of sheet Wad arm required to waterproof tbr fountain which. ItLr otbrr plam-V\rl iRstaflatiotts is located abote tbr Concourse IrrcL Tbe IT diameter rotating tumtabW ud tbr 82* 4* diamrtrf platform sur rounding fa will hr cohered ia hUrk granite. L'atfl this is arrtunpluhrd. tbe trad mrml>ranr cohering tbe (umtahlr and pUtfum baa brer* painted white to reflect radiant brat from tbe and thus m oid pomiMr damage from rzeesai%e thermal npansion. The huge alae of the fountain U architecturally scaled lo Compensate for tbr gigantic propor tions of the 369* x 375* center court. . *> - rrt O* at Oa tn f--r "L V 2- LIA14809 VK BATTERY POWERED LIFT TRUCK CLEARS UP $ ^I`'Si "* ... i ' 'S ' `I The wbilitutiua of i lead k U Unrry* prrfj lift Intti foe oer powered by * propone (urU ioteml rembuitwi engine kn *o)trd a mo Ox t of perplrtln| corrosion tof environmental prob lems at Aberdeen Tricot. loc^ i knitting company in AUrfcrt, NX. Company prmfrot, Clmn Foytmaa, reports ilut tkr following facta b*r*jar nifnx aouo after hi* plant began op erating: o Knitting needle*, machinery part* and other plant eqaipownt note naming. o Fsprathf maintenance and parts replacement* were required to Lerp the plant operating, o A fm employer* arte suffering from minor mu s t * and minor eye irritation*. Production and nlr* werr decreasmg due to equif<neat downtime and a Ion m productive nanboun. The tohitiaa to the proldrm*, aU of tikick were found to be related to the me of a propane-fueled lift truck, i* an interesting ca*e hi-lory of a icartb for the sourer and effect* of pollutant* that /on develop under irrtaia condition* in the controlled atmojl>rr of an indus trial plant. Closely controlled tem|irrature and humidity condition* are critical require ment* for the production of quality tri cot fabric. At Alerdem Tricot, the tem perature it kept at 78 to 80 F. Humidi fier* aut<matically maintain a relative humidity of 58 permit. The letnprraturr and humidity, com bined with exhaust fume* from a pro pane-fueled fork lift truck, were first thought to be causing the corrosion, eye irritation and nausea problem* since they were most evident In the produc tion area of the |4anl whrrc the truck operated. Step* were therefore taken to replace the trurk'i carburetor, tune the engine, and change the fuel tanka, think ing that aomt foreign clement* may have been placed In the tank*. These presenthr measure* produced no effect and the problem* continued to worsen. The comwive conditions, evi dent in formations on door laicbes and other plant equipment, !ecsmr critical when they developed on the hundred* of delicate knitting needle* attached to the lJ-foot long needle bar* of about half of the II knitting machine* la the plant. The romwhr attack* were par ticularly aggressive when the machine* were stopped to change a knitting pat tern. The needle* lee*me corroded be fore the knitting operation could begin again. Corroded needle* prevent yam from traveling through the knitting tone. An estimated 4S.000 was spent to re place rusting needle* during a two month {rfiod. In addition, production time wa* aim lost due to machinery downtime re quired to change the needle*. With the*e combined factor* becom ing more and more dH ftmental to plant production and sales volume, a* trtD a* employee health and morale, the com pany president *earrhrd fur other solu tions to the prof4cm*. For example, he thought the plant** electric duct heater*, u*ed during winter month* to beat incoming air to keep the |4*nt Interior at a constant letn|*eralure, might be the cause of the problem. Hi* conclusion waa arrived at after a num ber of related ebnumganer* ware con sidered. The knklWg machine* In the plant also are kept at a constant temperature. To accomplish thk. a coolant oil b carrotated at the bate of each knitting machine. A small amount of this oil l* va* poriard and the resulting vapor condmw* on the cooler overhead structure including the air conditioning and heat ing duct*. The beating rlemmt* were In vestigated and, since vbthle trace* flf the condensed oil were found, it wn* presumed that some of the particles were being burned when thry came In contact with the energised heating element*. This wa* thought to result In fumes that were earning the corrosion and environ ments! health proldrm* and than theory ww strengthened by the fact that the company president detected what he thought wa* smoke coming from the air vent in his office during those times when the heating elements were energised. A* the result of this theory, Aberdeen Tricot president Fogleman requested as sistance from Carolina Power 4 Ugt* Co. to solve wrhat wa* thought to be proldem with the plant** electrical heat ing system. Their representative* mode a careful study of the plant** air han dling equipment, determined It waa working efficiently, and believed k w* ^ not causing the corrosion and environmental health problem*. Since the problem only existed In the e Ff f i. r r production are* and not | the idjoit. plant oftcr, Cir^ina Porf 4 Light rtprevnUlim turned tbrir atuntioa to kat wa* first Wim^ to be tKf mrcv f the problem*: tbe propane-furled lift truck. They speculated that fume* emitted from tbe truck operating b tbe doted environment of tbe plant pro* dstred aa UonM% high eonrentralion of nkrogea in tbe atmosphere. U ltra tbe nkrogr* was mixed with tbr otter ^por eonlinooualy circulated by tbe bomidibrrx, and tben combined with tbe braird air during w utter months. tbr akrogm raiad a chemical rrartion that reouked in tbe formation of abrie add not which b highly corrosive to mod metal*. ^ Tbe utility company represents! ite* paUo concluded tbat tbe akrir add nib abo tiu tbe pollutant tbat ultimately caused tbe nausea and rye irritation. They fdl tbat tbroe too rm ironmental poiJrtn one rauwd by tbe too nitric add-baaed poisooow* gases: okric ox ide. which it formed when nitrir acid combine* with metal; and niJrcpcn di \ oxide, srKick la formed when nitric os* ide combine* skb oxygon. Tbe akaatioo at Aberdeen Tricot was unique becaoae tbe nitrogen dioxide wa* reacting with tbe prearoee af moisture In tbe atmo* apbrrv to form more nitric add, tbm generating eontianona cycle of highly wmivr and toxic condition* a* kntg aa tbe beating season lasted. Carolina Poster 4 LiyU npreacnUtisrea therefore recommended that an electric fork lift truck replace tbe propane furled rehWJr. U tdjbj to prose thdr tbeorie* and to injure Aberdeen Tricot tbat tbeir opinion* were unbiased (the electric company promote* the x m of batterypowered decide* in industrial plant* because they are normally recharged during off-peak hours), tbe Carolina Power 4 Light representative* milled Aberdeen Tricot la studying tbe c o t t o * ion and environmental problem*. Sample* of tbe oily mix and ru*t from tbe plant equipment wrtr taken to be chemically analysed by aa outaide dun* leal laboratory. Tbe te*t* abosrnd tbat al*Hjt 95 ppm nitric add su present la tbe air m tbe knitting room. Meaoubile. tbe corrosion rate of tbe knitting needle* waa bring observed. la tbt* |lu*r of tbe lot, needle* attached to tape* wrre placed on knitting machine* throughout tbe plant Needle* placed near where tbe fork lift truck operated rutrd In three hour* si bile tbo*e at tbe rear of tbe building. and some distance from uHctr tbr truck operated, nold la 18 hour*. 4kilr this also tended to prose tbe propane fuel fork lift truck theory, h v* * fdt that tbe tnt was in* cooctodse because of tbe difference la condition* at tbe front and rear of tbe plant. The problem sea* also dlacomed wkh a staff tnmtlwf of the North Carolina State Industrial Extension Service and it waa learned that propane can contain sulfur which can be oxldued In ibr truck engine and result in sulfuric acid #*** Mimn s*xi aU* af **** aus--f mrai *** a *<) a if j m* --aa nr i994 * w^wi fume* being emitted into tbe air of tbe knitting room. They were therefore an* sured tbat tbe presence of sulfuric add fumes, plus nitric add fumes, could promote tbe high rate of machinery rw**g- Based on this combined evidence, Ab erdeen Tricot presidmt Foglrmaa or dered a bod arid battery-powered fork lift truck aa a replacement for tbe pro pane-fueled vehicle. During tbr IS month* the lead add battery-postered fork lift truck ha* been (a operation, the plant ha* experienced no notiorablr cor rosion action and there base been no further inddeot* of nausea or rye irrita tion. The electric truck used at Aberdeen Tricot ha* a 4O0fr-tb. rapacity. It as fitted wkh a loop pole when used to loose wrapped circular roQ* of doth cola truck* at the loading dork or to unload bundle* of hollow core* which are used to wrap tbr roll* of doth. To mose the circular rolls of doth or btmdb* of core*, the pole i* inserted in a core and b used to lift tbe material to bf trans ported. Wo huge spook of yam. called beams, are to be moved into the plant or to and from tbe knitting machine*, the long pole Is replaced wkh two fork*. Baaed on tbe successful use of the electric truck at the Aberdem plant, an other one was ordered for a new 38,000 *S- B. plant that Mr. Fogleman manage* jwt acrom tbe street. y 0**M Turn* S>wWw* An Q -1 9*4 J d*r*4 Srnm {n**o, <*--**/ Ce*#* inti- : ASS'. CS'S'MW 4 UfW Cw. *4*wm us* 1 tto* 9/ k*tm*m* WicHns*. i. & f &' %k- jr m CHROME YELLOW TO PLAY EXPANDED Load chromate paint w HI play major role in two highway pairtnent mark* rated during a two-year period beginning with the fiwal year ending June 30,1971, ing program* that am knr dement* of would be authorised for the program. a promised nationwide, Federally-funded hijrhway mMj t prjl TV two proptm* were drt'rlnprj to help (WrrMf iV itaffTfinit K>. | million vrhiculir tnlV ircidmU (Hat rrauhrd to S5 ihou* and dratHa, 2 million disabling Injuries and morr thu $M Kiflioa in pnprrty damage to tV l'nV4 Siln during each d tV past two years. The second project authorised by tbe Art would lie a pavement-marking re search and demonstration program lo de termine the rffrrtivmrsa of varloua types of pavement marking* under inclement weather and nighttime condition*. A total of $50 mQlion would he authorised for thU phase. Funding for the program also would he availaJ4e during the two- TVr nationwide highway safety project would rmk from tV Highway Salrtjr Art of 1973, birk aa nprrtfd to he futwd early in tbe next Congress. The two highway pavcincm marking pro* gram*, which will coa a combined $250 oiQinn, are considered of priority from among tbr more than a doarti highway **fe(r propam to be authorised by tbe Act- Two third* of tbr more than f \ b&* Va annual coat of (V highway safety program would come from tbe Highway Trust Fund, which V financed by Fed* ml Use* on tbe aajr of oth go*olme and truck highway itwa and can now only be used for new Federal-aid highway coo* year period beginning with the end of tbe 1971 fiscal year. Such (raffle control devices can pretrot thousands or accidents and subse quent deaths, injuries and property dam age annually. It V estimated that the pavement marking programs can mis from 3,000 to 5,000 Imt * and avoid from 6\000 to 105,000 Injuries rack year in the United States. It aUo V eoimated that such pavement marking* wkfl save $2.5 to $1 for each dollar it will cost to apply the pavement markings. The difference in numerical and dollar figure* b due |o (hr fact that Federal, Stale, url*n and rural road* each have different highway accident rates: Rural road*, for example, accounted for a Tbr first project authorised by tbe Act whopping (/ of the highway traffic would be a special peermrot marking death* during the 1971 period. It is for program. It will meet tbe critical need this reason that the special pavement la provide, for tbe first time, sufficient marking program authorised by the Act initial fundi to thoroughly mark tboae give* priority for installing pavement rural two*Une road* where two-third* of marking* on rural roads. the nation'* highway fatalities presently Solid, broken and dotted tingle and anr. A total of $200 million, to hr alio- double center line marking* are tbe moat frequently used to preterit highway traf fic accidents. They indicate "parsing**. passing** and "passing-witb-caution** cooes and, even though they are known as center lane markings, they are not always la the geographic center of pave ments. Solid line patrmrot markings also are used to mark the pavement edge of streets and highways where there V inadequate clear sjacr to tbe left of Che Gne even fur disatdrd vikkkt or for making emergency stops. Tbcsc type* of paiemrat markings and other* such a* curb marking* and transverse Goes to indicate highway ob structions are painted "highway yellow**, a special color standard that baa bran sftecifird for all cautionary highway traf fic eaotml device* inHudiag signs. Tbe yellow paint pigment that most readily meet* this standard color requirement aa well aa cost requirement* la lead duel* ale, or "chrome yellow* paint. YrDoar la tbe (post visible color to tbr eye from among all those ha the color tpednua, la addition to meeting the color stan dard for highway yeflow, chrome yellow paint possessr* many other important qualities whkh make it tbe most versa- ( tile, low-cost pigment *dObk for traf fic control devices. Chrome yrflow paint also ha* good reabtaiwe to degradation by light and it revise* rVniraU nerd to remove snow and he from pnvrsuruta. It hi for these reasons that chrome yel low paint will play a major role hi any nationwide highway pavement marking f<p.Biw gw 'ii|!iw i.i| n m I ! V .LIA14812 >LE IN DECREASING TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS :3 pro^nm. In most nirt, rrHertori/ed chrome yellow fiahit wiU Ik * twd for the juttf-mrol marking* ilnrr fa k bnj'ortanJ that they lie highly vklhle at night. Thr $200 million thr Act w iU allocate fur thr nation* Me highway pavement marking program cannot fir fully appre ciated until one k aware of thr critical nerd for *uch program. Simply slated, fa *iU proVMr, for thr firk time, funding to mark in accordance with thr 1971 Ma ik mJ on Uniform Traffic Control Do vices for Street and Highways < know a as the LTCDl those roads which irr In cluded in thr Fnirril-iid primary and secondary highway aystrm na wrO as those roads which are not. A revised, updated and expanded m* ftion of the 1961 LTCD fa supersede*, thr 1971 edition is published by the I S. Dej*artmrol of Transportation, Fed* era] Highway Administration, and was developed with the cooperation of the National Joint Committee of Uniform Traffic Control Devices. The end result of effort* that began in 1927 to develop uniform standard* for traffic rvmtrol devices, tbe 1971 Manual Is intended to sene as the regulatory directive for afl streets and highways in the United Stairs. There k however. a major problem in Implementing and rvmtplytng with tie new manual on a aaJwatwMr bosk until tbe new Uw is passed. To under* stand the pfolJrm. it is accessary to knr a tak understanding of the United States highway system, how fa was Imifa. and how It W being maintained. Of the iw-aHy 4.000/1011 mtlr* of paved street* and highways In the United State*, only 900/00 miles of Interstate, State and rmmty and nmctirifia! pri mary and secondary road* are billfa wfab Federal aid funds. In qualifying for such highways bulk wkh Federal-aid funds Individual State* were committed to maintaining them after they were Iniilt They had to do wo In accordance with Instruction* and leg* ulathtt* rstaMkhed by the ITUD Man ual Hard pressed for funds iwedcd M cnftqJy evert with tbe |9M edition of the Manual the Stales found fa % irluatly Impouililr to eomply with the greatly exjkandrd requireroeot* for the increased use of traffic control devices outlined In the 1971 Manual. In particular, they tacked the fund* to provide the paint, men and equipment needed to comply with the new requirement*. For example, thr New York State Highway Department experts to m* about T0fl,000 gallon* of highway yelKoo pair* this fiscal year when fa begins im plementing the prov ision of the new Manual The Department estimates fa will require an additional 1*2,000 gal lon* of highway yrfjow paint to fully comply with the new Manual during the 197' bwral year. It takes about 17 gal lons of |*tnt to paint one mile of 4" U (" wide iwHmal width pavrtumA marking; the State expect* t have to paint approximately 20.000 miles of ndditbmal yellow pavement marking |n co*wj4y with the new Manual Many municipal and county officials, responsible for maintainhtg the nrsrly 3,000,000 miles sf paved rural and or* baa primary aerondary highways that were not buQt with Federal aid funds, find fa difficult if not Impossible to comply wkh the guidelines |ml4i*died In the new Manual They have far leas funds to allocate fur auch purposes than do States, and. as a result. only 27 of such highway* have been marked In accordance with the Manual Hath the $200 mfflioo likely to Le al located by the Highway Act of 1973, fa Is expected that State* and counties In the United Stale* wiU have sufficient money to provide the paint, mm and equipment required to mark the principal highways under their respective jurisdiction*, la addition, the funding will permit survey* to determine where pavement markings are needed in order la comply wkh the 1971 LTCD Manual la earn ing mg the program, fa la es timated that 800,000 mile* sf two-lane roads w ill receive yellow centerline mark ings and the approximate cost wifi le 210 million. It k expected that $2S m3* lion wiU be spent In applying "no pais* ing" pavement marking*, and approxi mately' 500,000 m3e* of edgrlinr* wilt be placed on primary and secondary county and township routes at a cost of $13$ million. TI ,, I LEAD CLAD STEEL FOR ARCHITECTURAL USE Aftrw rant(w|(f material that mi bines IratTi outstanding corroabm Tbe development of lead dad atari for tank panel* U of pdiruUr importance resistance, indtHk aftpral tod soundsince sheet Wad already i* being uid Urtirr properties with the strength af to line a variety of rbrmical and potlu- 4rj hu Item Mirrrwfulty Introduced U tba control vessrk. Tbr availability of Great Britain. a material tbat ca easily be fsl*ricatad CiIU W*d rlaJ i(i the iw row- to form an economical Wad-lined trail poitf material t>u devrlofied by tbe ia tbereforr expected to molt la ex BritUb Non-Ferrous MetaW Rxarck panded lead use* for such applbatin Association. It m produced by pressure Brc*tJ*e Wad coated trd combine* bonding trad to atari sheet* which have Wad** outstanding advantage* a* a round been pcr-coatrd with Irad alloy. Tbr bad barrier material with tbe strength of dad itfd baa been subjected to rtkt* tad, k ia ideally suited to meet tbe In ire mechanical and (krmal testing creasing demand* for quieter commer without bond failure. It la easy to fabri cial, industrial and consumer products. cate and baa ilrrady lrr wnadaly Typical potential application* include uard foe rommrrrial and bdo4rul rudo*urf for borne afqdiance equip biQdwp roftatnartloa abdication in ment sorb as dishwasher*, waste food Great Britain. dwpoaaW and laundry equipment; doet- American trad prodarrn bar n> work for air. liquid and scmi-aolid bon- frfrwd an intrfrft in producing tbr ae dling systems; industrial machinery and Wad Had atari foe tbr domestic mriK equipment enclosures; and a variety of Wrautr tbr cuapodtr material offer* aa automotive transportation equipment rvrflnrt potential for jncrrasiag tW met. la particular, tbe use of Wad Had bad market ia tbe I'aitad Stair*. steel era a*kt tbe producers of com LIAO PftOOOCT APPLICATIONS IXPAMOCO Lead dad atari baa madr k pomildr to specify tbr material a pcirea tbatf are competitive with other qualitv nHil product* mrd in tbr rvarfntdwa mar* mercial and industrial machinery and equipment ia complying with Orcupatiul Safety and HeaHh Art lOSHAl regulation* ftOTM tlWOLl AMO OOUDLI tOff CLAOOMO AVAAAOLI Id, aa rsisting imp"*flant doamtb trad Lead Had steel is currently bring pro* market. Some rumpbi bdudr sorb dured in *bri form ia tbe toiled King fa^ia* and *raQ coverings, appTn dom IWrh *tagW (aar side I and double tattoo* tbat baie already' been drirl 1 both sides! cladding are availalJr. Sin- oped in England, and foe sppliratnuts gW cladding is immediately mailable sorb a* rotd cxnefingv ventilating durts whflr double cladding h prodseed a* and equipment, pittm, ramuater pipe* a special order bask. idiH|MiuUI and parapet romiap. SingW side cladding ia bring produced Herrtofre. it a* tomrtime* not prarti- with Wad coatings that range from .020. cal to u*e lead for mH apfdication* be* ia. to .010-in. apfdied to steel tbat ranges came it normally require* structural in thWknesa from 11 to 16 gage. Tbe ufipnrt which. in Oik case, tbr sled standard nominal mating for buildmg iUddit supplies. Hoarser, an rvu bigger mirid b believed to raid fr commercial and industrial application* of Wad dad tad abdication* range* from .020-in. to .OYL in. ibWAncsa of Wad londed to 20 gage tad. Thicker lead rooting* on steel are bring ripinred for chemical application*. and mil a|i|liratiorH arr non bring rt* |4i(rd by British producer*. Ther ap PAIMCATIMO LIAO CLAD ITOL plications include panel* and small, deeye Standard roll-forming, brake-pressing, drawn container* from sheet aa well m lutidocming and deep-drawing sorlai- Ranged duct section* and spirally working techniques can be u*ed to fabri wrapped tubing formed from atrip*. cate Wad Had streL However, m is tbr case wkh most am material*, some minor Initial tooling modification may be required to accommodate tbr |omkg cbarsctrristics of tbr esmpaitt material. Standard band and machine took also ran he used to fabricate trad Had Steel and, fca addition* drilling. punchtag and rutting operations can be easily per formed. Lead Had steel tan be bent through 1R0 wkkout loss of ndbrslou and, although some thinning of tbe Wad occur* where it forma the outer surface of tbe bend, tbe local reduction In thick ness k normally acceptable. Most type* of fsstmer* can be used to mecbanicaBy jak lead coatad staH. IV* decorative arrbk'ttural panek are secured to timber battens or other Mrurtnral member*. Wad capping pieces can be ioeocjioratad ta provide a con tinue bad surface. The me of Wad cappsag piece* also kelp* to waterproof tbr fastener nod retain tbr pleasing ap pearance of lead throughout. With Certain limitotion*. Wad horn ing and soldermg can be performed on lead Had steel almost as enth as * W* wing sheet lead, t'eidiag the atari sec tion of tbr composite material vr9 dotroy tbe Wad coaling in tbr beat af fected M 1 tbr weld and therefore taquirr* prul care. However, stud and projection adding can bo used to pro duct- satisfactory joints; similarly me chanical fastener* ran be attached by tbrwe methods wkbout detriment to tbe Wod oiling. A str*jqaJ4e. sdf-dbetbt paper coat ing is applied over tbe Wod cladding to protect it during fabricating, dupplng and imtallation. After installation, any exposed edge* of lead Had steel can be seaWd from corrosion attack by paint ing with quick-drying primrr foOowud by a coat of fkniafi paint. Akernativdy exposed edge* of Wad Had steel can be protected by tinning, a method that k particularly suttabW foe duublr Had hart. o o f f a s c ia it mrr l ia o c l a d t c il a p p l ic a t io n Tbe first apfdicmion In England for lead coated steel was tbe roof fascia of the new ocUgon-abafied National Mutual |jff Aiaociitioa of AiM(rila4i Ltd. of fice building designed by Gut<h 4 Part- rale# rack of tkr panda and ikry irr bung ith rtalnlew rterl bolta. Reriuar the bark* of (be paorta are partially ei- try Training Centre Board's Muhlaa< patluoal Training and Educational G**. Irr (MOTTO, located at UrlflptM @wti, LociU^l (n ibf City of tondoa within the precinct of St. Fault IjlW- poard to tbr weather, lead cladding waa applied to both aide* of tbe panel*. They Nr* tmn, Writ Lothian. Tliry taard tbe lead/Heel composite material for tbe rat the new office building like tbe were fabricated from 20 gage tcrae-plate facia of tbr MOTEL Coufemu* Hal wortd-famoua ntlndral ku trod roof. Marl with a coating of about pound* and for several applications on (be boflar TV fucii of tV rouf of iV ilktlorjr per aq. ft. (.0254" thick) oa rath aide. Imnr that pern Idea brat for tbe facility. o&cr building U it tV form of on of< uifrt ropri*rd of 200 panel*. Each OTHER UAO CLAO STUl APPUCATIOMS fa addition, tbe lead Had MctJ waa ward fi*f tattoos other applicatkma at S' high and 1^' wide, the panrb art Architect* Newman, LeeWoo and Part tbe MOTEC facility. Tbe application* iarfaUed vertically around tbr faacia of ner* abo yard tbr newly detrlojwd trad Included windoo (udi for dormitory :< tV roof wklck, like tbr building {larif, dad Mrrl for tbr nr* tm tiding* thry building* and aiding and roof farcin b octagonal la h*(r. A unatl gap acp- deaigned fr tbr Rood Transport tndua* for a rcoUaraoL -i NOISE POLLUTION SOLVED APARTMENT COMPLEX FINDS SOUNDPROOFING PROFITABLE Suppose you sprnt co*ldeTsl>le lime* effort and money to buM a group I architecturally impressive towwbouse mfg tof M. J. Kodaraa 1 Aiooclote*, as Das- hunt, N.Yn firm specialising la aoous tlcal consulting. tparlmmu, ir>*uIWd fireplace la each A* the first step Is aolvlr.g the sound A(4rtB)nil md funiUhrd It (a twrl* attenuation problems, the acoustical Wat taste; landscaped the surrounding specialist* te*trd the noUc leva! trano* ground* la keeping with the quirt, coins* mission of acotdaorjr flooring la the try*J%e setting of (He area, and then dw- apartment*. It consisted of one layer fMTTfd that you coulda'l keep the apart* l1 V> j* thick dense fibrrboard with ply* mU occtipM because Wtuati <wo wood underiaymeat os 2* x V joists . plalne<l of excessive noise. with a 4" thick glass fiber blankrt be Sidney Rolfe, a wfull Manhattan tween joist* and a *** thick gypsum economist, (aerd this problem wbe* We l*oard finished celling below, Will} tW first of three tpartmmf WM* inp he owns h* the popular mort are* r. Rcswk* of the tests showed that the floor construction had a Sound Trans of a* Hampton. Ix*ig Ialand. Know* mission Qa* (STCI of 54, a Irvd at it Hampton Mm, tW Uitdinp each which loud speech I* dearly audible. contained a tw of eight Connected two* (a order to increase (be STC to M lory nib. EaHi anil curtain* two arreptalde level, consideration was gives apartmmt*--a floorthrough apartment to applying various combination* of no at ground Ind; and a areoodwtory do* tensl* to the ceiling side of the flooring, plr apartment that l readied via an but thb would have been expensive and outside aaipiijr between each apartment. time consuming. According to Steves The noise proUrm were mcourticed otf. the M. J. Kodara* fi Associate ten Iruitli began occupying the first sroostk* engineer who supervised the apartment budding at Hsmfrton Mm. asatefial* study, it became evident that TVy oere bring caused by a number (be required acoustical Improvements a of (irUi, none of which were thought could be achieved mom quickly and eco qg to rmik is ound attenuation dddcadn nomlraUr by installing S ft*. paf (3/64* *Wn the km oak waa hiflt thick) sheet lead over the entire second The wood structural system bard to story floor side of each apartment except roewtrurt the apartment lutiding and for kitchen and bathroom arena. the material* w*ed for the floor of the IftstaHatioa of the sheet lead sound femd-Korr duplex apartment* resulted barrier was so simple that h was accom in the creation of a drumhead that plished by a member of the Hampton stretched across the entire mad floor Mew* maintenance staff. The only equip are* of the )6 apartment* in the build* ment required waa a hoist, which was ing. The drumhead effect magnified the used to lift some of the lead rolls to the lightest sound. Normal cwhtnatioa second floor, and a cutting loot and the round* of radio and idnidca After the lead sheer harrier wa* in were dearly audible between (he ground stalled, the flooring achieved a Sound floor and second-story apartment*. V*a&* Transmission Class of 39, a five decibel Ing across the firing room of a second- increase in sound transmission lorn. Ac story duplex apartmrtrt la the building while wearing high-bed shoe* wa* com- f.jr'g'J fj|j| cording to M. J. Kodara* ( Associate, this is considered to be a substantial pared to the sound of blow* from ham* Improvement in sound loss. At this level, mer and ereo the normally barely aodi* loud noise Is barely audihla. hie eound of a email plastic ball being Speskiftg of the effectiveness of the rolled acToo* the second floor by a play* fut cat aounded like boding a ball down r sheet Irsd sound barrier, owner-builder Rolfe stated: "Lead literally saved the a bowling alley. The building owner fo- building. Lead was the most economic*! port* that primarily due to auch noUa and quickest solution to the problem problem*, five of the fir* 16 truant* is and there have been no noise complaints the apartment building moved during the first year It u occupied. from any apartment in (he building." He aUo said that the cost of Installing the ^9 To correct the sound attenuation proh* lead was quickly amortised by the fully km, the owner retained the services rented apartments la tha building. 12 ~ r?i:' 'i k. LIA14816 IN DIVERSE APPLICATIONS GAS COMPRESSION STATION PRACTICES GOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY FTP be high-pitched whine of turbine fomptTwori--comparable la *ound lo a jrt airplane--arr nrcmiry to krep .fa* flowing through cram-country pi|^ line*, but they arr hardly endearing when such Install*lion* must br located far residential arras. This *u tbf problem faced by two Canadian natural faa companies when they racb needed lo boDd such a faa compressor flatkm. Wishing lo be food neighbors, tbr two utilities were determined lo bod a ay of decleasing tbf 115 decibrt (db) sound of tbf turbine* to an acceptable lr*el dial would not disturb residents of tbr coramunltie* where tbf fa* com pressor station* were to br constructed. T)u two companic* concerned with tbf noise problems were tbr Ontario Di vision of Nartbrm and Central Ca* Cor poration Ltd, and tbe Union Ca* Com pany of Canada Lid. Northern and Cen tral planned construction of a romper*ace station powered by two 1,100 H-P. turbines at Hagar, near tbr city of Sodbury In northern Ontario. Union Ca* | planned a slifbtly tarprr installation at Lobo, near London, Ontario, that would be powered by a 12^00 H-P. turbine. R*tbcr tban be concerned with tbe noise problem* after tbe two compressor station* were built, tbe two companies joined form to solve them a* tbe sta tions trrf being designed. It drvcloprd that fa was not only possible to decrease tbe sound of tbe turbine* lo areeptable level*, but a new composite acoustical building was created to aceoatpti*b tbe ]<* Tbe fas companies selerted Internatiooal Piprline Engineering, Lid. (IPEL), a subsidiary af Tran* Canada Pipeline* Ltd-, to act a* consultants In designinf tbe atatioo*. Included la tbe agreement was a requirement to *olvu tbe noise problems. Aware of similar noise level* encoun tered at other compressor stations buth adjacent to residential area*, I PEL drew op rigid aped beations for tbe new com pressor station*. Tbe requirement* railed for noi*e control* to be built into tbe turbine equqwnrnt a* well a* tbr struc ture* that would bouse them. Pro-Eng Buildings Ltd, Stmtnilk, Out-, was awarded tbr motrart to build the compressor stations. To mrct the sound specification*. Pro-Eng developed aa acoustical lidding panrl to enclose tbr compressor stations. Use panel* consist of tbe following nmpoArflti and material*: o Inside fsee-2 lb*. |f <,0312" thick) sheet trod bond'd to tbe bock side of 24 gage < .0239" thick 1 V-rib gab vanurd *irei slut Center core--one 4" and one ST thick low density kletglass layer wfak vbyl barking. * Exterior face--26 gage (.01 TV* thick) galvanised steel sheet with baked enamel finish. the building panel girt* (tiffenen) were cold rolled from steel Z-aretiono. Tbe building panel, when tested for ohe barrier quality, recalled e Sound Transmission Qim < STC) rating la ex cess of 40 decibel*. Aa STC rating b measurement of tbe relative efecleocy of acoustical sound barriers established by ASTM specification* EttUftT. Tbs rterl/leod/fibergUa* acoustical building pans! was used for both roofing and aiding a! tbe two instillation*. Tbe two 1,100 Hi*, turbine compressors at tbe Northern and Central compressor sta tion at Hagtr are boused lo a Xf % x I %* structure while (be single 12^00 HJ*. ait at Union Cm Corporation** Lelo iastaUatwio t* boused b a somewhat larger 43* x 57 s 22* building. According to both piprline operators and I PEL, there have brrs no coopt*tats of noise from cither of tbe bstallatintMi It Is therefore expected that addittonal application* for the nrw lend/fihrfgUm/ steel composite material building p*jw4 will include fas use b constructing ha bere cross-country oil and go* piprfiar compreosor *tatkm*. Tbe pond* also can be used to enclose a variety of otW Industrial machinery buddings and equipment where nobe is a problem. k r & It w 1 .4 V> v"' - BUCKET TRUCK GETS A LIFT OUT OF LEAD ;S"- \ ' *' 4* ' The native's first truck-mounted aerial lift Ixickrt with a hydraulic lift workmen <i high * 54 feet while par* forming a variety of above-ground join. nrchaniia that can be powered by l*-ad Municipalities us* bucket (rucks to in rid barterie* l* now in prodoctkei. Itsr stall and maintain atrert and traffic of tkr batteries replace# lha truck to* light* and signs; they are also uaed to littr M the power iourr for the hydrau* trim tree* and for a wide variety of lie L/t BVcKtliNIL other tasks. Tdephpoe and electric to--- Called Power. Pack, tbr newly drvrl- panic* be fleet* of bucket truck* to in oped lead acid l*ttrry power system pro* tuit, maintain and repair Idrpbone ride* four major advantage* that result and clect/kal equipment. b* . dramatic cost savings: (1) elimina According to the manufacturer, Tel tion of tbe need to run tbe truck engine . -L*ct Corp., elimination of tbe require* to wpfJjr power for tbr hydraulic lift m*jnt for an engine power take-off ipCna, (2) longer engine life. (3) de- tPTp) unk on a bucket truck wifi be created truck operation nuU, and (%) particularly meaningful for tbuee who docreaae n^uv pdstroiocr rwU. operate Hmi of urk vebicW For ex Truck* with aerial lift device*, com* ample, uar of tbe batteries to supply monly e*Bed bucket truck*, sometimes power fur tbr bucket's hydraulic lift are knows a cheery packer* or lift baa* mechanism wilt aa\e 20,000 engine krb Tbe boshrt f sorh vehicle*. il- mtlea per year. Added to thb would be lacked to a kinged boom, is used to boiet a corresponding saving in gasoline and - , r--__ , '"'.;--.r:vr*rsr:: od a* wefl aa decreased maintenance and repair, ragine wear and truck downtime. Other advantage* of tbe battery-pow ered hydraulic lift unit Indudr: qukter operation of tbe uak through dimlnatioa of loud truck noire, virtually pol lution-free operation since truck engine cmlaaiotM are eliminated, and Improved voice communication between tbe bucket operator and pervonnd on tbe ground who wiO not nave to about above be noire of tbr truck engine. Production of tkr bucket truck fal low* a wictewftti di-month teat of a prototype vehicle. Designed and devel oped in cooperation with Ark ana-- Power k Light Co, the prototype baa been undergoing teota la Hot Spring*, Ariu, where tbe utility** personnel have been using k to prrforta a variety of ainteeinre and imUlUtiou work. Baaed oa tbe outstanding meet-- of the prototype, the utility h-- announced k baa ordered aa additional batterypowered bucket truck for delivery tbia year. Speaking of die reason* for kk laternt b battery-powered aerial lift bucket B truck*, one utility spokesman said, "Through 15 year* of using hydraulic equipment, our company ha* found that tbe hydraulic lift *y*trm for the baskets consistently outlast* our truck engine*. I feh tore that if tbe truck engine did not haw to run continuously to supply power for the hydraulic lift system, then tbe truck life would be extended and therefore become more compatible with the life of the hydraulic Eft medianla--.** He tbo felt that tbe major cost sav ings could be achieved due to deereaaed requirement* for gasoline, oil and en gine maintenance and repair. Tbe fact that a battery-powered uak would be quirt and virtually pollution free and could be more easily transferred to an other chassis because there would be no PTO connections to make were other Important consideration#. Mounted on the chaaaW of a Ford F-500 IVi ton truck, tbe standard vohide usrd by tbe utility for bucket truck : service, the hydraulic lift system for tbe prototype vehicle appears at first glance | to be no different from the more than 100 vehicles the utility -use* for bucket truck service. However, a special box directly behind tbe cab bouses four 200 ' :W- ?k* r- 1 f. > ' f; i fir fi t ,%*. t ,, . '~ LI A If 818 AH, 6-volt bittffUi ued to power the prototype's hydraulic Ufl system. IXTtHtm TKfTWO The prototype truck *u driira 7,650 l miles during the trat Mrtm installed on the engine PTO unit and the batteries provided positive evident* that operat ing the hydraulic lilt ayatetn off the PTO ait dramatically inerta*ra engine nta> aka time. The hydraulic lift system operated from electricity supplied by the batteriea for 64 hour* daring the trc period. The batteries were recharged by a separate, engine-powered alternator m the track was driven betwrta Job sHn. To achieve 61 hours of operating time using the PTO unit to power the truck's hydraulic lift mechanism, it ia estimated that the truck engine would have to run tpproximalely 512 hours, or at least 10,000 piflm These figures am based o ths fact that the truck engine unut he con* tinuously run at an average speed of 20 mph during the time the bucket la ia operation. Converted to annual esti mates, about 20,000 mite* would be added to the approximately 15,500 miles an average bucket truck U driven In a year. Therefore, about 200,000 engine tiles ran be saved during the average 10-rear life of truck. EqwaQy Imperative are sartajp that are expected to be achieved throng de creased maintenance cost* and truck downtime as well a* eliminating the coal of gasoline and efl required In operate a truck for 200,000 miles U 10 years. For example, it 1* estimated that the additional coat of the coanhinatloo PTO and battery-powered bucket truck now bring produced can be amortised In about three yean based solely on the approximately 9500 per year In savings achieved by decreasing mslatensare costa. ELECTRIC VEHICLES GET PRODUCTION GO-AHEAD i A arw gimlui to electric vehicle pm* doctioa haa brea provided by a gro^ of 55 electric utfihiea. faadiag a 91 mfiliaa Fta*rd> program, the nt&tWa l haw ordered 100 on the rood vehicle* for practical (rating. The pcogram ia krtttg spunwind by the Electric Vehicle Cmo c A <EVC), an operation of the Electric Energy Aasoe^ New York. Batlronic Coep^ division of I Boyertoa Auto Body iToeka, Boyttlan, Pa, will buQd the truck*. = Electric road vehicle* till begin (a appear in the 15 in noticeable aumbrrx begin early in 1973 with first deliveries Battraoir president, the vehicle is de about 1980 according to EYC official*, scheduled for March. Each vehicle will signed ns a walk-in, tan-type mohistop ia describing the lOO-crhkle project, be instrumented and careful records which wifi br ued fne repair work, a program designed to help utilicie* un- kept of its operation*. These data should meter reading, product distribution and krtind vw pattrm of electrical ve provide guidelines for the utilities in persoemri Uiiupctslios. It wifi carry hicles sod the special requirements each anticipating load demands and opera a 1000 R>. payload ia a 140 r*. ft cargo ichides may place oo future power tion requirement* of the 1980'a. space. It will weigh 6000 lb. and will supply systems. Unlike many earlier electrics, the hare cargo area access from sidr doors The 55 utility companies plan to op- BaUronic is bring designed from the and a rear door. Ceneral Electric Co. rfU# the vehiclrs a* general purpose, wheels up and is not a converted pas win provide the powerptaag and a multi-stop work vehiclrs. Production will senger car. According to Paul Hafer, matched solid fiate controller. CHANGE OF ADDRESS OR NEW READER Use tht* tide of the coupon ti you hav* rueantty choked your a^l.Trs or V you woultf ll'ut to 6* wW to U* rwcitu^g RrtfortEAD J5 A roa ouMot or aooncaa k c a m warn in wowsca r*oM roe or aooacaa oa anac* oto taacu a *0 ISC Tt> TOU* sA*uw ueT C*y. sum ws -- IS \^ LIA14819 mm t. Lt &<\/v $V. 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