Document QJ8Lapgom9m9apjo3ZmrMpNBk

Asbastos Information Association/North America 201 East 42nd Street C-i. New York. N.Y.10017 (212)697-5600 MJS o 1971 August 6, 1971 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT AIA-38 TO: AIA/NA BOARD OP DIRECTORS and AIA/NA ADMINISTRATIVE SOB-COMMITTEE CC: G. Earl Parker C. Xj. Sheckler Frank Zimmerman Ike Weaver - G.ilft** ' SPECIAL MEETING OF AIA/NA BOARD OF DIRECTORS Earlier this week, the Federal Environmental Protection Agency sent copies of its proposed National Emission Standards for Asbestos to those individuals who had been previously selected to serve on a committee to review the standards before their Giriwil release in late Sepcemoer Three environmental control experts from AIA/NA member companies are on the document review committee -- E. M. Fenner of Johns-Manville, ike Weaver of Raybestc^ Manhattan, and Frank Zizmnerman of National Gypsum. They will meet together with the other committee members in Atlanta on August 17 to review the standards, a copy of which is attached for your inspection. In order that thsae men can have the benefit of the thinking of all of the AIA/NA member companies on the proposed standards prior to the Atlanta meeting, e special Board of Directors meeting has been scheduled for,August 11, starting iq^is a. m., in the 11th Floor Board Room, Johns-Manville Building, 22 East 40th Street, New Fork City. The meeting will include lunch. Prior to the Board of Directors meeting, Mr. Fenner, Mr. Weaver and Mr. Zimmermar will confer on August 10, and will come to the Board meeting prepared to outline their *game plan" for the Atlanta review cosuittee meeting. - In order to make the August 11 meeting as helpful as possible, we hope that you will review the proposed standards with those people in your companies most knowledgeable in the environmental control field. Ed Fenner, the Environmental Control member of the Administrative Sub-Committee, is of the opinion, after having aNa--tinmwwQjnmym*cmwopefCtwam.wNt fmrocmwHWwCxam*KfnUaywntwt>MowwWi.amMec.wP*rw.fautttattan*f.tiCimMiwowvmmCoWm.womoethfw*anwJ GGooia*.. Atlas Asbestos C 01-' -2studied the standards, that, for the most part, they are reasonable from the standpoint of known technology, with regard to manufacturing operations; If you have not as yet let us know whether you will be able to attend the August 11 meeting, please do so as soon as possible. Sincerely, 01-021677 m r,v rrr> Vl'J I : v.v t .j-iLivi lu'jr MATIOXAL S^ISSTO: STA'.TAUD FC3 ASBESTOS Table'a Concents t. IntrcdueCica Crateston Standards lit. Justification ' XV. Appendices n * _<- Introduction As empowered by Section 112 of the Clean Air Act as Amended .1970, the Administrator of.the Environmental Protection Agency issues chc \ following proposed standard for asbestos emission sources. Thi:: an':'.on is tnhen subsequent to naming asbestos as a hazardous air pollutant on March 31, 1971. It is the intent of this standard to reduce the level, of asbestos emissions through the application of required control pract This standard establishes minimum requirements for emission control should not be construed as limiting more stringent measures. The scope of uses of asbestos and asbestos containing products Lc extremely large in the United States. Mew uses are being developed continually; many v/itheut regard to atmospheric emissions* Seme uses have been determined by ^ir pollution control officials to generate a degree of atmospheric emissions unwarranted by the value of these use.**, and prohibition of such uses Is proposed. . k 01-0216 II. Emission S tundcrds 1.1.1 Scillia.q 1.1.1.1Dry ?riltin? - All air swept or dry drill* shall be equipped wish fabric filter device* for collection of . drilling debris. 1.1.1.2 Wee Drilling - Wet drills shall >e equipped with cyclone collectors for collecting entrained mists. 1.1.2 Blasting - Surface blasting of ore deposits preceded by surface wetting cr.d be limited to the atmospheric conditions. 1. lor-; surfacvTTTind velocity (0-3 nvph) 2. rain 1.1.3 !soad Treatment - y.ir.e roads surfaced with asbestos tailing:: shall be treated with water or chemical agents to control dusc from vehicle traffic. ' 1.1.4 Ore Hauling 1.1.4.1 Dust Covers -'Vehicles used to hul*asbcstos ore on mine owned property shall be equipped with dust covers. 1.1.4.2 Tfettln<? - Where sufficient water is available the ore ahall be wetted thoroughly during transportation.' 1.1.4.3 Public Hoads - Vehicles used^to haul asbestos.ores on publie roads be of*dust tight^construction. ^ .*w ^ 1.2 Asbestos Milling 1.2.1 Ore Dnsnlr.n - Asbestos emissions resulting from dumping of asbestos ore shall be minimized by wetting prior to^dumping or enclosure of the dumping area. mt 1.2.2 Ore Thuv.os - Ore dumps epen to the atmosphere in a wet bate (through the use of rar^vnent sprinhli t be 9yst'*: ni-0 2 1 o * /* -s...... ..p ~ ^ (* -- > ; * '. Lin^.s oc Lccco -i.-:b:cr, co'-ica totally enclosed type. . ^ S ft;c' tc* ^^ materials must be of the* * u*f.: 1.2.A Cro Drvers Asbestos ere urycr. exhaust muse be treated in fabric filier installations or by devices of equivalent efficiency as described in Section 2.1. 1.2.5 Ove Crushers - Ail dust emissions from ore crushers shell be ventilated to fabric -liters or devices of equivalent efficiency as described in Section 2.1 prior to discharge into the atrr.copn.ero. 1.2.6 Milt Air - All forced exhaust gases from asbestos mills must be created in fabric fitters or devices of equivalent efficiency as described in Section 2.1. ' >b 1.2.7 Product ?cct:al-.n - ,,W 1.2.7. t Ittdi v\du a 1 ?ac!c*ttinn All forma of asbestos fiber ^ mitat be oackaged in*divust tight containers*, capable o_f wit_h* uS standing 4 drops, one each on front, back and ends frera a v* 9*Sty of four feet without leakage,and labelled as to their S' rVvu>v V*1 asbestos content. NfcC-- ) 00^ l.2.7.2 Sulk Shlntaant - Sulk shipment shall be in dust eight vehicles labelled as to their asbestos content. Loading and unloading must be accomplished in a manner which dee3 not exhaust asbestos to the atmosphere without the control equivalent*j***'f of fabric filters as described in Section 2.1. ./K^au' 1.2.S Tailings Lutrrsra - Asbestos mill taitingsiduicps shall be ?t u*<r stabilised, wetted, or otherwise treated toCarevenO^st emissions. --.<- 5 /`feUl* ~ >-- fV*T. . w. i f*. jit^e * *:/ 1.3 Asbeseoa Processing <2fc-K ^r ~ fat 1*3.1 Manufacturing Manufacturers of products containing asbestos must control all atmospheric discharges of gas streams used for manufacture or dust removal by fabric filtration devices or devices of equivalent efficiency, as described in Section 2.1, except: where explosion haxard3 or materials problems exist, in which case wet collectors, as describee in Section 2.1.2 may he used. ' lir** 7fiZc ****t**Ayt Ol-o?ti' faco* UJ~*cU-j c*~jut Usa** ^*< 'W-tj* fW. ( ff^-^ V5U>I<^-- ** 4**i <Ts tr , 1.22 '''Wi i X *5 t \ m Air - Tr, L'.i.'.?* whore in~?lnr:c cov^ f t Lc?.:> -v v'.'.u cv-ii'-io-. v: -"-T'--:-*of ^jooytos ircr. ` general ver.tilcticn * 1 r, evidenced by presence of visible cacuuv.'let ior.s of asbestos ex', surfaces adjacent Co Che piece of - ventilation, the ventilation air must be treated by fabric filtration or devices of equivalent efficiency as described in SaCSi0"l`1' ` k. r%* \ *tr 1,3.3 Product Shlnranfc . ---------------------------- ^ ,. ^ *-y.t 4_ ,,1 ljJjP T . 4# 1.3.3.i Labcilire - All products containing asbestos tausU be ^ labelled as to .content. ftJ` ,, V* 1.3.3.2 Packaging - Asbestos ^products must be packaged in duct C*u tight'eontainers except those products such as filled plastic.*; *&< ^ jU'^^r^rhich do not readily dust. 7^ /**** ' 1.3.3.3 Sp_ e_cia__l_Pr_oducts - Tuos e products such ss^asbesto; , -yj*"cement mis'csicor.tainir.3 loosely bound asbestos must be ?aeita3ad *according to Sectio'.rl*:2.7. . *'* TJ*7 . >* 1.4 Product Use ;>r 1 .A. 1 Stock Tnsu.latj.cn jj 5. 1.4.1.X Pro-molded.Insulation - To the- maximum extent possible contractors installing asbestos containing block insulation In .uJ>areas open to the atmosphere shall utilize pre-eplclcdhs-iapes p which do not rcqulrc^ceCtlngyji j,iiudtu^. ^- 1.4.1.2 ?lntd Fabrication - Where field fabrication is unavoidable, irty* uaCecity hoods exhausting to fabric filters ' or devices of equivalent efficiency as described in Section 2.1 shall be Installed cv.Jtools used for cutting,and flr>nA4.wg. #*, f4+*S "" hmmJ* 1.4.2 Asbestos Cotit.rfning ?c?:riers - Asbestos containing powders shall be yctced*priur..to Exposure to*the atmosphere when used in areas without air pollutionJdcncrols as described in Section 2.1. >> ,K Tv ^ c- v/ Q1-Q216779 n r* .4 ; t V--o * 'V: '".on 1.5.1 Korneva! of /ahc's^O:; Co:*3\air:R T r. su 1 * ~ i on - 1,'hcn rr.'.ioyiv'* asbostou insulation from structures containing. in excess of 50 loo. of insulation or cireprccfing, or *.v.cn ouch structures eve dome! ?,-died contractors shall utilize the best available moans to limit du3t omissions from the operation. Such means may include but not be limited to: . A. Enclosure 3. Ivottirr: ' y<L> 0? 1.5.2 Waste Disposal - Asbestos besi^ins waste materials shall be Go Sresatod from other solid waste ampdiaposed of by a method which prevents release of asbestos into the atmosphere during all pUnr.es of the disposal. - f,;. v. , *w 1.5 Soeelfic Prohibitions C(* h*^*1*1* r 1.6.1 Snraved AsbestosClh.sulnCton^ancPFireproofin* - Thc application wC iba^v containing Qnsuiacion.)aTH$7tircproo ins by moans of. spraying is prohibited.* 1.6.2 Oisoersive Uses - Any use of asbestos or asbestos contain-';::* materials in powder fora which involves dispersing the material in the environment Is prohhiiA*biite&d*.\ ****>/$ jV#---c*-*, 2.1 Settlement Specifications . WJV*& wW<i tfK /A 'JU 2.1.1 'Fabric Filters - Fabric filter* specified by this regulation shell consist of the following. * 2.1.1.1 Construction - The inlet side of fabrie filters shall . be of leahproot construction or maintained under negative pressure. 2.1.1.2 Bypasses - Ko control system shall employ bypasses unless such devices aro elearly required for start-up purposes. 2.1.1.3 Kongers - Provisions shall be included for emptying dust hoppers without release-of asbestos to the atmosphere. 2.1.1.4 Fabrics 2.1.1.4.1 Natural Fabrics - Natural fiber fitter* fabrics shall have flaw perr.eahili ty of 20 efre/ft^ at 1/2 in. U20. ^ O1-O2i67eo  * .1. l S'. : - y-')v:o?. - iy-'.'.'.'jC.c in temperatureopplLcaeioas shall ^vc 3 r.nubijitum pecrre.-:'.'L1 of 30 ciis/Ci4 \i\*' 'I2O. ' . . * 2.1.2 Atternattvc Povlcos 2.1.2.1 Scrubber* ` Scrubbers uusel where fabric filters be CnsSi-'-lloci shall be of the high energy ventv.rl syse l-.-:.:. tod with above AO tr.. w.g. pressure dr0*0. V *yC c> w4 t. 2.1.2.2 Other devices - Alternative devices used where fabric filters can be installed r.use be demonstrated by the user to have control performance equivalent er superior to fabric filters. 2.2 "nu i y*en t Ka intena nee Control equipment required by thi.r-rcgu.lation shall bo regularly "cained to insure hi;jh efficiency. Unannounced maintenance inspection.-; will be performed by authorised personnel and the finding of my of the following conditions will be considered a violation of this - 2.2.1 Fabric Filters ' 2.2.1.1 External leaks - *1110 presence of external loah.ir* oC - untreated asbestos containing gases from duct t;or!:, hoppers, discharge valves, seal faces, etc. will be a violation. 2.2.1.2 Ruotured Sags - The presence of torn or ruptured bags in an operating system will be a violation. 2.2.1.3 Improperly Positioned Bogs - The presence of any bag net properly positioned to prevent leakage will be n violation. 2.2.1.4 Holes - The presence of any bag containing a hole * larger than -V diameter will be a violation. 2.2.1.5 Kora Hags - The presence of any bag with more than ouc pinhole or being badly worn or theadbare will be a violation. 2.2.1.6 HouscV.eeo.ing - The presence of accumulations of asbestos particles in the clean nir side of baghouses after repair or replacement will constitute a violation. 2.2.2 Scrubbers 2.2.2.1 Pressure drr> - Any scrubber operating with less than . 40*' V.-jQ pressure drop will be a ..violation. . O 1 _n 2.2.2.2 herbs - Ar.y external .lo-.h.o of untreated asbestos . '-ainir.o o'-- i at ...oi.:,. flu.,jcu, or,:., w l.U r* 11.... r/ t-t .2,?.. 3 Sccubb i r.q Medium - Auy scrubber eperatius with less crushing field flow rate than its design requirement will be a violation* 2.2.3 Mtcrr.ntivg Devices - Inspection criteria for alternative devices will be established at the time of their certification. 01-021678 , ri r. ir . w' .ic: ' i i .',- ,,'.11.;," Vi;i5 '.-.vis dr/elcpod Vo explain Vi'.*: rationale Ter the st :r,cards presented In Section II or tills report. It wi 11 not ho -Minted in the official publication of the regulations. The justification is given for this type of standard and for each specific standard in the order they are presented in Section II. Ideally, national emission standards for asbestos would be established on a concentration basis related to health effects and would provide an ample margin of protection to the public health regardless of the number of sources in a given geographic area. There ' are :..:.ny practical considerations which prohibit the establishment of a numerical standard in the time Trains established by the Clean fir Art of 1970. Foremost of these problems is rh* data . This base is lacking from both tfc5 health-effects standpoint for non- occupational exposure and the emissions standpoint.' The hazards of exposure to -asbestos have been determined sufficient to warrant establishment of a national standard relating to control of exposure. Determination of the level of exposure to be considered safe has.been complicated by cany factors, not tha least of which has bean the time periods between exposure and onset of pathogenic effects. - !ty of data available on asbestos hc.f .h effects is related - occupational exposure and cannot be readily extrapolated to non- cect.:,national levels. ,,' ' Sacause of the large emphasis on occupational levels of exposure and . a lack of simple analytical techniques, emission data is equally as uncertain for using engineering considerations to establish a iiMiiiSri cal 01 , I. . . . * . ' ... * co.:;J b.i..ivjrccwo, s-;;:-co testing efforts v.o'::d have :o cc placed in a ,'0$i wior. cf esccbl ishin-j, rather then verifying a data base. This wou.:d ha a forw.ioable task oven with contracted source tests ar.d is unlikely to ctaorate a sufficient base prior r;o promulgation of the standard, A control practice approach to reducing asbestos exposure levels offers a practical alternative to numerical emission limits. 'The r.ainstay of an asbestos control practice standard is tha fabric filter which on the basis of senvi-quantitative data appears to provide acc-v-tablo control at reasonable cost. V.hile fabric filtration would be a key point in a national omission standard far asbestos, other devices or practices can bo required in casus v.r.ere fabric filters are not practical. Where no effective controls; are available, the standard can bo extended to ban the use of asbestos, provided a suitable substitute is available. A rnagor advantage cf a control practice standard would be realized in ar.forcorcer.fc. Inspectors could be easily trained to certify compliance with control practice regulations. Problems of certifying a numerical standard are enormous. The complexity can be illustrated by examining the state cf the art in asbestos sampling and analytical techniques. a'ar.pVfng to date has been almost entirely occupational exposure tocos without regard to air pollution in tha general sense. The most oo.or.cn technique in U. S. testing has been a membrane type sampler with light microscopy used to analyze "fibrous particles". Samples arc not taken isohinctically as recommended by CAP source testing methodology. Q1 --02 16 78*4 .'s-'km'.'illc i::s t.'*a - attempts 0:; i zo'.:; ;:et ic sa.rpl ir.j c f ''l';^';A5 dust . unsuccess*'.* 1 . It is hoiia*'M that,a rons^der;\ve vrwrt of \;ork would bo nscossery to develop an isokinetic procedure with proper rsczzlo dimensions to permit meaningful sampling. of asbestos emission sources. ' . The fibrous particles" reported by industrial hygienists are by rc reads specifically asbestos. St is assumed that they arc,asbestos the .eaters of tho source of the sample. Specific identification of asbestos requires the use of x-ray diffraction techniques coupled with visual representation by electron raic-oscepy. Analysis of samples collected by rsTprans techniques and counted by electron microscopy is an involved ard. costly procedure. Each sample, requires alr-5ut 20 man hours at a cost of'about 320 per man-hour for analysis. - Even these sophisticated techniques tend to distort the actual asbestos content of the sample by increasing the number count of fibers during procr.ra.tioc. Thus the analysis is rot meaningful in reporting tc <y% % ars of particles present In the original sample. 1.1 Asbestos Mining - Asbestos mining was determined by Davis (ref. 1) to be one of the largest sources of asbestos emissions in the U. $. Mining is predcmlnently surface type which is extremely difficult to control or quantitate emissions. Specific areas requiring control arc drilling, blasting, and ore handling. 1.1.1 Prill inn - Drilling occurs predominately in hard rock asbestos mining for the purpose of placing blasting charges. It has received considerable attention from persons interested in controlling occupational exposures.- Air swept drills arc the most ccraicn owing to a fast drilling rate, less bit wear, and lack of freezing problems encountered with wet sweeping methods. Emissions from air swept drills have been visibly reduced through the use of fabric filters (ref. 2). '.'here wet drilling is used a mist is generated which consists of fine asbestos particles and w.iter. Cyclone collectors can collect this type of emission more readily than fabrics which plug when wet gas stream arc fil terrea ,(ref. 3). 01-071. \- T '"is C \: i'j' tr-etanecus emission *j J * <*<v' !* n ' r.' * s* ly c 5 hio. . >> < 1I d bi stir vr j ..'j \'*S -of -;!:3 surfacc*prmr to blast ;:rr/ ' *i >.'cciurol (raf. .4}-. As b;acting is not a daily cccurr at asbestos -nines and `tcs< nines stockpile* ore, limiting bias tc a:.* `aspheric condi Liens 'which would not ho conductive to ci *r*s i?n of the involved dust would not be. restrictive to t o;ai operation. 1. >. 3 .';i i ;re1 '"'i :`0 reau $ are suj*i .ecu w;-........... . ni' 1 talYingV cVtiVa;nIrg ..be.:'-; Y.\ asbestos by%ro;ght. Vjh; /-:.. traffic, soma vehicles carrying up to 200 tons, grinds a:v; -..orv.dcs . the tailings releasing considerable quantities ov asbestos bw'r-; dust. Many treatments-have bear, tried, with water being one ov the simplest (ref. 3). In some areas road treatment would produce hazardous driving conditions; however, it is the mining company5s option not to surface roads with asbestos mill tailings. 1.1.4 Vehicles - Vehicles hauling asbestos ore are a contrail able source ov asbestos omissions, hauling ore results in emissions through the jostling and air attrition of exposed ore. '.Chore hauling is only over company property, dust covers for the ere would be sufficient in reducing h2za>vJs. i;*<j >{* i al^o *>./ helpful in lowering ^missions but water is not always availrbiu . in arid regions. Where transportation of asbestos ore ever public roads is involved, the hazard presented to the general population * warrants mere stringent control measures. Special dust tight v.-hicles are available (ref. 6). * T-.2 Asbestos Milling - Asbestos mills were reported by Oavis (ref. 7) as the :::ost significant source of asbestos emissions. Mills have numerous points of asbestos emissions including: ere storage, ore drying, ere handling, ore processing, and tailing dumps. Wet milling offers advantages in many areas but Is not applicable to all ores. There is one wet mill in the U.* S. 1.2.1 Ore Dumping - Dumping of asbestos ores which are not wet results"in emission of asbestos to atmosphere. Other industries have adopted special dumping enclosures (ref. 3). The option is open to utilize water sprays or enclosures for clumping. 1.2.2 Pro Dumps - Open ore dumps can bo emission sources especially during extremely dry, windy weather. Other industries employ * permanent sprinkler systems to control dust emissions (ref. 5). The option is available to provided enclosed storage. 1.2.3 Cenvovrrs'- Totally enclosed conveyors can readily prevent these systems rem becoming emission sources during periods of high winds (ref. 10). *" 01-0216 v.--! - ; * -'v : - .rv. devices * - tko C-ir.adM-n ccara: ieno ,v.d bag:ic.;5es to be the rest Ticion: and prohibivivo (ref. 11)'. bestos err. dryers Tickers char, ni:, ers vn1 "** I tv rnn-'',v' .-..r/i j i:.; ...-icd -.v.- ave found i ns'.il a ct economically 1.2.3 Ore Crus.hcrs - Ore crushers arc a continuous dust emissions. IT so-e operations primary crushing soparato from ckc main operation and uncontrolled.' can !:e controlled by enclosure and hooding (ref. 12) ur'*'' *** '!.'/ be .c c Cl u 1*2.6 Mill Air - In kefck wet and dry milling air is used to dust levels. Dry milling uses air as the separating mndlu:;i ror asbestos fibers from its lost rock, fabric filter install.!'; found on all wall controlled mills, seme handling as much as million cfm (ref. 13). 1.2.7 - oduct 'Vekacinn - Many of the containers used to ski asbestos fiber are net dust tight or sufficiently durable Me prevent spillage during shipper.:. As emissions occurring dv shipping cannot readily be con'/rvlled by capture, a more cot approach to omission control is to prevent leaks from oucurr Some asbestos companies are using extremely strong bags at 1 cose penalty. Drop tests are commonly used to measure the durability of loaded^uackages. Bulk shipments present different problem. Seme leadf unloading systems employ air conveying of the material. A separation of the largo by fabric filtration to fibers, the exhausting air must be eliminate the invisible sub-micron c,j. ev -fn t..re<....7. t ^ Oust tight vehicles are a must to prevent emissions during transi;: Labelling as to asbestos content Is an important aspect of emission control. In the event of accident, claan-up crows can be advised to use dustlcss methods to remove spilled material. Shippers and handlers will be aware of the need to avoid rough handling and to minimise spills. , . ' 1.2.3 Tall inns Dumps - Tailings dumps are most often extensive areas.of exposed spent ore. Asbestos content still exceeds that of ' normal surface materials. Emissions occur during conveying, bull dozing or other distrukances and by natural forces. Ho clearly superior method has keen `developed for all tailing dumps. Each operator must decide which method will be best at his location. Wetting, chemical treatment, and reforestation have been used. emission sources common to wo 3k processes. 1.3.1 Manufacturing - ourccs of emissions ihpludc ops s ma..' s used to ceiftrcY cus ; lo '0:3 inside plants or as port cf itself, sicii "3 air con 'eying of material. Tobric f i 1 tor coon utilized extensive y where rccircu 1 ation of air s;::*e one iron {rrf. 1-1). '.-t.: rcrvp.v.iveal exposures have he*. : '/ fabric : i 1 Lro:iC.i cc : sir mr: ire.. 1 a Vi.:? \rof. l.J). Some manufacturing operations generate explosive or fire h'-rv.r'i dusts. Others such as asbestos paper manufacturing ventilate extremely wet gas streams. Such operations are best controlled by hieh efficiency scrubbers. ' * 1.3.2 Ventilation f*r - -n general most plants maintain occupational^y* safe f'ivcls within the working areas arc w!v: such levels arc maintained exhaust of in-plant air to the atmosphere would not constitute..a,significant emission sour However, see:* operators prefer'to equip personnel with res;: vc-iors rather than control dust levels and ventilation air from t; *, operations can be significant emission sources. Such s.rr-v: os .iro readily evident by the accumulation of fibrous particles a< 0 exhaust points. It would benefit levels rather than be faced with operators to maintain s:? the prospect of filtering 0 imnU: 'iar\Vg*?A amounts of vent I latiori air. T.3.3 Product Shi rant - The Targe variety of asbestos product' i#V require dfrvercnt degress of packaging to limit emissions during nr shiu^ng. Seme products may not require any special packing, such* ji as filled plastics or vinyl tiles. Others, such as asbestos cctsertj require dust tight packages equivalent to fiber shipping bags. More important 1$ the requirement of labelling to instmet users to handle with care and to utilize proper disposal methods. 1.4 Product Use - Products containing asbestos are used extensively in the construction industry. Many users never generate dust from the product. This is especially true of products where the asbestos is firmly bound in a matrix of polymeric or ccrnontaticus material. Other users generate significant quantities of asbestos emissions fre.u asbestos containing products where the asbestos Is not firmly bound'. Regulation and enforcement will be difficult and successful control will depend upon public awareness and concern. Emission controls have beer, developed for two useful types of products. 01-0216789 1.A.1 olecf .V"` - Calcium :i' icate b?c:`; /* , ul or. ' s US;;-.' ax fans iv i iy in . 1 :*;*! afiou ar-Z-icitic V' l , . ;a co.- ouJ- -- fh i s ** : i S v.-1 ?.tion viv mas h.n. .a .* s u -. - . - *' - u yj .. i. .11 . r . ,rs to intre-cuce :o i f-vi bleed 'or funds ar.d joints v.u i C ' * ; 1 % ors claim will bo deer or.'aal to fn:vr trace. PrumoTu .ui i n tu 1 > t c n would greatly reduce omissions from field shapin'g of Lr.ese ;; 'r ''here cutting is css cniial special- saws have teen /! -vveloped 'i .\`. ic have fabric fi Itrati on of exhausted dust (ref. 13 ). * _ , % n ,, ; -t .. -/*' --,SI ; ^ ._ ... >i . . . 1........ OS. '.c:. : cur f-.. ini ' ' *' i2 ucroau-. .ruu.-tos. V!;ey in open troughs or buchots, releasing Urge cteanci tics or o . Special packages 'nave aeon developed which permit introduce^;.' of water and mixing prior to opening (ref. 16). 1,5 'taste niseosM trul Hrm:! ition - Qispcsal of asbestos certain! v: is a very dispersed emTssicn ;;:*ca`!cm. '.tastes containing acb.tst''T shipping containers, manufacturing rejects, used predicts, end co* costs. There is little or no treatment given to waste materials osrta * asbestos with respect Cc minimi a ir:g^o':fissions during disposal. material is discarded on open dumps and becomes a continual source of emissions. 1.5.1 'Tomovr.1 of PV-^stos Ccrt-sininc Insolation - As almost every building contains some asbestos, the regulation is limited structures containing over 50 lbs. ThcVegulation also a.;! io industrial ar.d ship building operations where large am tv?? to of insulation are being used. British engineers have pioneered in the use of water ar.d special injection nozzles to wot insulation ::-*'ior to removal (ref. 17). enclosure has also been used to limit .rt:..-'c:? contamination. This standard has boon left relatively unrostrict;v to perait freedom in development of now and improved removal rcthed 1.5.2 Waste Disposal - The method of ultimate disposal which minimizes asbestos emission to the atmosphere i s suasvrfacc is peso Avail operated disposal program will have to be established U\ whi asbestos wastes are segregated and buried. These programs can oc . cooperatives between manufacturers, construction contractors, demolition contractors and disposal area managers. This program roust include provisions to minimi*ze'e;nissions during all phases, including transportation.to disposal sites (ref. 13). .1.6 Specific Prohibition - In establishing rigorous emission standards, consideration must be gi7en to tha recommendation of prohibition of those uses of hazardous materials where accounts controls have rot been demonstrated or where the hazard presented exceeds the value achieved. . _o1 A7 I > <* - , . r > , >' i-* ; ' 7 . :. . .7fc . *. .-Yrrcisco `v. con;7 :v; ;'.''Sr. :b i : the use or c5':gi?-s cental.1 lor; spray fire; "e; ;hvr.;rh eta';*.**: ..proven control syr*. 5 v spraying have been* pro;:oicc. hear crown Ir.adecv.ats (ref. V'-). Sera*/ cm : iv.'frc''."rare avo ww.w.1 a' Cv.i he ;cc w lv : Vw .s'. :c .r/icwivt w us-:*: for . compositions. Ho additional operator training in required. -Cities are also concerned 'v:i*th asbestos emissions whic: bo generated v.'h.cn asbestos '*i reproofed bei Idiuoc <*vo da; w Asbestos fireproofing street*;r&l steel '-/as not :ir;rr><: 7.0 late VJ''.0's a:vi `y; V.;iIdirg; treated in this r.rcr hr dwolisked. Officials estimate the year 2000 v.lll he 7:e kwY,;';; d.a v'ol i tier orc!:lcr*s. _ < '" The presence of suitable substitutes at little-cr *0 increase in cost an;! ciif ficyl tv or emissions control during both a.;; :7 i and dentition 'hviic.Vr.'. that prehvaitien is warranted. 1,5.2 M-scallaroow Ho:: * The finely divided nature 0* tor floats and shorts coW^rnc with the absorbitl'/'ty and rh>v i incctivi ty. ;;:a':e there '?0;'rs 1 ikely candidates for 'Vvy-'-v. * - ;7.;- and dispersing mediums. Other inert materials are availcole for such purposes, the use of asbestos is highly unwarranted :a? 7: of its hazardous nature. This prohibits such uses as forrcctl-r 'e dispersants and oil absorbents (ret. 20). " 2.1 Tcuipmont Specifications - Specifications on required control ecuirner.t are intended to insure equivalent asbestos rcmcval efficiency. M:st of the specifications arebassd upon best current irstanations. 2.1.1 fabric Filters - fabric filters are the primary control device required by ';:$ regulation. They have b^on rowryvi to be better than 20.00 percent efficient on a mass basis collecting asbestos mill dust (ref. 21). Many reports of tests on return*.*, frem fabric filters show that the devices can control dust below occupational threshold values. 01-02 1 A veers oi ^*ri.eervo:>i.-jT'.-v: - ^j > n-i ;<''J in sc C'.'-'-.y v *'o i. 22}. -.1 ; CZ '1 ar 2.1.1.1 Co'ill'll'".-,1-:I " Construction is specified to prevent emissicns of art:* a a tad dust. 2.1.1.2 T-rossas - Tea erer-hi t;c;i of bypasses ins-res th.-it plants v/iTf rot operate in -*.n unocuhrplled rawer. 2.;.*.3 Teeners - 7-:ny / i 1 tor users have no previsions for emptying rop-pars vmtheut ro-relcosieg the dost to the at!\f::hr-*e. "ebric fi 1 tor manufactures nave developed many systems co handle collected dust. 2.1.1.4 rubrics - Fabric efficiency is highly dcoonOcnt air flow Var.r.eaTn i ';y. Lev: air p-Trmeability i;cs the: f .o fehric will hove high collection efficiency. The rating 20 ?.t 1/2 in. i!pQ is ecuivalent to standard cotton b-.no v;hich ' ahtair.ed $~X: percent efficiency. The rating of 30 clm/ft* 1/2 in. ri^O is o.r e^jivaletvVVating for orTen fabrics use.: successfully by industry, fabrics having higher potiteab'T "ties v.'ill not be permitted. * 2.1.2 Alternative Covinos - There are certain conditions i.'hcro fabric Til ;;srs are not applicable. These include very humid a:..bio o o nporetifre gas streams and explosive cr finable dust Toe*'?. rubbers are better suited for those cases but mast be cocci Tied guarantee equivalent efficiency. In sedition, other duv'ces installed at the option of the manufacturer- niust be certified for compliance. 2.1.2.1 Scrubbers - High energy venturi scrubbers are the most efficient type of scrubber for sub^.icren particles, fho pressure drops necessary for good efficiency are high and vary scrunvdia*; with scrubber design, forty inches of pressure drop v/i!1 obtain 05S efficiency for .2Su particles in well designed units (rov. 23) 2.1.2.2 Other Devices .Alternative devices installed v:rc:*e fabric ffIters are applicable must be certified to be at least equivalent to fabric filters. 'This regulation is net intended, to prevent development of improved devices but is designed to provide equivalent control of emissions. is not possible at this fire to clearly define equivalency because eng standing lack of rer*r*-*:.ncc data for fabric filters In the Through the yearns tee fabric 'll ter has developed a 01-021679 '''.i ec 1 'c--'':; 1 - S'J''2by ror s'"'irol c:' i;-*3 0!T,*'sio'*S r.-J so -;.r'?zrrv',ce 'Moving. Therefore, the presentation of aier.cy data will have tc incorporate data frcei both fabric filters ha inbevied al berm hive device vrclor similar operating conditions. 31-021=" t * * ^ -1 \s J .. W ' v . - s'** \ . , GLcUel, nr.d Asbutte . -;b. ii:;o. Suv.'-eos and T-i'.ss Lcns-Cv!:. Gvvtvoi ;;-i. u.`A 22-s?-'.ji ::a.jc.\, 2. Cros?- vick, C. "Dust Control in Open 'Jit Mining and Quaeryltv;". Eng.. 10:July lS3, pp. 7.1-25. " tuvr.on, J. ?, "Use of Lignin Sulfonate for Duse Control on !'?.u! Roads in Arid Regions". Department of Interior, Eu. Kir.o., :. C. 5407, Washington, D. C., March 1969. 6. Minnie*, L. J. "Control of Particulate Emission from L.h-m L'iuii.r: - A . Survey" JAFG\ Vol. 21 >!o. A, April 1971, p. 199. / , Raf. 1 Toe Cit ; # Ref. 6 p. 200 n Ref. 6 ?. 199 10. Ref. 6 p. 199 -- V.. ^ * - 11. Muteheson, J. R, M. "Environmental Control in the Asbestos <>tr:'!u:':ry Quebec'1. 73rd Annual General Keeling of the Canadian Institute oi: Mining and Metallurgy, .Quebec City, 1971 p. 9. 12. Ibid p. 3 13. Coldfield, Joseph "Fabric Filters In Asbustos Mining and Asbestos Manufacturing" A?CO Fabric Filter Symposiun, Charleston, S. C. JSarch 16*18, 1971. p. 3. LA. Ibid p. 4 ' 15. Asbcstcsls Research Council, "The Control of Dust bv Exhaust Ventilation When Working with Asbestos". Control and Safety Guide Mo. 7, London, 1370. w._ Ufim*. SUi. 16. "Asbestos: Friend or Foe" Environmental Science and Technology 4:727-727, September 1970. 01-0216793 C ; , "S Z . :.\vy^:'.Tr a;ui .v . i, : :.V-. .o., V'jo.icc''. Council, "^cce-.-v'.-.vu Cod'* o* ?vact;<:o ivJOktn Sou !V.cc, 1 r. 1 r;" . r 11*39. :ov 0.\,\ N. T. T-> p r.::ovt -a D. M. 3 13, L'J71. , CCSO Socs* ?A*. 13, p. 13 * * i2. ?*,i L Un>v* ; 0. Z. and vMldor, J. "trnnd'jcoV; o? Fn^rV.c !**.tor Toc Ci .n Corporation. iiL'Ci: ^/.cca c-Mv^ncu ;:o. c.\\ 22-v;-:3, Vo !. i ?. i-:a - 1-37. 23 .'.non. !<ocvcrel Znvirortv.v.Sai. . Coifscul Systems Catalog Til 01-021679U