Document QJ1Mvd6o4J8RNnRLNnVDNVrwv

FILE NAME: Todd Shipyards (TODD) DATE: 1960 June DOC#: TODD004 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: US Dept of Labor Regulations VJ- - r a . ' I T & f * : ri . j f M - : i':' f ;K p | ' .V* ' ! i *>*0-3 'f .i.y fr. 1 Amendments to these regulations published In Iho 1y Federal Register through r ?> July 2in9,Ih1i9t 6p0amorpehlientc.luded i>; F* CONTENTS Page Foreword............................................................................................................ V Safely and Health Regulations for 5hip Repairing....................... 1 Procedure for Variation] from the Regulations. . .......................... 94 Recording and Reporting Work Injury Data....................................... 100 Control Sheet of Changes in Regulations.......................................... 107 Public Low 8 5 -7 4 2 ...................................................................................... 108 Bureau cf Labor Standards Field Offices............................................. 113 it": In d ex............................................................................................................................ 115 m ; <77"v :;^ ' ftp ! f .< rj : # . * i V :f. rM i : 4 M r. N } :* i : /jV fl T h is pamphlet contains safety and health regulalient that have been determined by the Secretary of Labor to be reasonably necessary to protect the life, health and safety of employees engaged In long* shoring, ship repairing, and related employments covered by section 41 of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act, as amended. These regulations have been Issued pursuant to Public Law 8 5 -7 4 2 , 72 Stot. 8 3 5 (amending 44 Slat. 1 4 4 4 ; 33 U .S.C . 9 4 1 ), and R.S. 161, 5 U .S.C . 22 . Safety and health regulations for ship repairing have been pub lished In the Federal Register and became effective March 2 1 , 1760. For the convenience of all concerned, this pamphlet contains the text of Public Low 8 5 -7 4 2, the regulations concerning the granting of variations and the regulations concerning the reporting of injury ,1 statistics. 'A General authority for the administration of these regulations is j vested In the Bureau of Labor Standards. Administrative responsl* bililies are Imposed upon the Division of Safely. Functions are carried :l >: |. out through Area, District and Port Offices of the Bureau under the Xi supervision of an Area Supervisor. A current list of such field offices i- i; Is included in this pamphlet. These regulations are mandatory with respect to employers subject to the Act, and affected persons should familiarize themselves with the contents of this publication. In this connection. Bureau personnel ! concerned with the administration of these regulations will exlend alt possible assistance. Another function of tjie Bureau is to provide for the establishment and supervision of programs for the education and training of em ployers and employees in the recognition, avoidance, and prevention of unsafe work conditions and practices in employments covered by section 41 of the Act, and to consult with and advise employers, V \ V .> IV -T2 W :,V - a -m s v i r f t f r > . . J t f ' m v | V* : pi* i f- I*ii'i employer organtialloni, employee, and employee organization a> la the beil meant of preventing fnjurlet. Il it incerely hoped that managemenl and labor will lake cognizance of their reiponsibillliei in this area and fully ulilize Ihe itrvieei provided by Ihe Bureau. By to doing, |l li hoped that Ihe Bureau will be able lo a n lil all con cerned in reaching the goal of an accident-free Indujlry. . . Theie regulallont were prepared under ihe direction of the Chief of the Divlilon of Safely, Robert D. Gldel, by Ralph W. Nellerslrom, Chief, Office of Maritime 5ofety Service, end Polrick F. Cejlrono, Assistant Chief, Office of Maritime Safety Service. ARTHUR W. MOTLEY. DIRECTOR, Bureau or Laior Standards Title 2 9 -- LABOR Subtitle A -- O ffice of the Secretary of Labor' PART 8-- SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULA TIONS FOR SHIP REPAIRING On July 17, 1 9 5 9 , notice was published In.the Federal Register (24 F.R. 57 4 2) that the Secretary of Labor proposed lo amend Subtitle A of Title 2 9 , Code of Federal Regula tions, by adding thereto a new Par! 8 promulgating safety and health regulations for ship repairing, pursuant lo amended section 41 of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (44 Stat. 1444, 33 U .S.C. 941). In order that interested persons hove opportunity to partici pate in the rule making process by submission of oral and written data, views and arguments, public hearings for this purpose were held on the proposed regulations at Chicago, Illinois, New Orleans, Louisiana, San Francisco, California, and New York, New York on'August 17, August 2 4 , August 31 and September 8, 1 9 5 9 , respectively. After each such hearing, interested parties were afforded copies of the tran script of each hearing and afforded opportunity for the sub mission of written comments. The time for filing such com ments expired October 5 , 1 9 5 9 , and the transcript of each hearing, exhibits, written submissions and posthearing pro posals and supporting . reasons were duly certified by the hearing examiners to the Secretary of Labor on October 6, 1959. . Representatives of 39 employers in the industry, 17 trade associations, 9 labor^rganizations and the Bureau of Ships, Department of the Navy, the United States Coast Guard and the Maritime Administration participating in the proceedings submilted data, views and arguments. After consideration of all relevant matter submitted, and other information and J SUL! materials within my official cognizance,* I conclude that the proposed regulations, as hereinafter amended, should be adopted. The basis and purpose of the regulations oF Part 8 Is that stated in 8.1 of Subpart A of Part 8. ' Therefore, pursuant to section 4 of the Administrative Pro cedure Act (6 0 Stat. 2 38; 5 Ih S .C . 1003}, and under au thority of Public Law 8 5 - 7 4 2 {7 2 Stat. 8 3 5 ), amending section 41 of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Com pensation Act, as amended (44 Stat. 1444; 33 U.S.C. 941), and R .S . 161 (5 U .S.C . 2 2 ), Subtitle A of Tide 29, Code of Federal Regulations, is hereby amended by adding thereto a new Part 8 to read as follows} Sec. . Subpart A -- G eneral Provisions 8.1 Purpose and authority. 8 .2 Scope and responsibility. . . 8 .3 Definitions. 8.4 Penalty. 8.5 Variation from the regulations of this part. 6 .6 .Reference specifications, standards, and codes. it 8 .7 Notification of accidents resulting in fatalities or seri ous injuries. 8.8 . Amendment of the regulations of this part. Subpart B-- Explosive and Dangerous Atmosphere 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 Precautions before entering. Cleaning ond other cold work. G as freeing before hot work is begun. Maintaining gas free conditions. Warning signs. Subpart C-- Surface Preparation and Preservation 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 Toxic cleaning solvents. Chemical paint removers. Mechanical paint removers. Painting. 2 v. Subpart D---W elding, Cutting, and Heating Sec. . ' "** 8.31 Ventilation and protection In welding, cutting and healing. 8.32 Fire prevention. 8.33 Welding, cutting and healing in way of preservative coatings. 8.34 Welding, cutting and heating of hotlow metal con tainers end structures no! covered by 8.1 2 of this part. 8.35 Gas welding and cutting. 8.36 Arc welding and cutting. 8.37 Uses of fissionable material In ship repair. Subpart E-- Scaffolds, Lad d ers, and O ther W orking Surfaces 8.41 8.42 8.43 5caffolds or staging. Ladders. Guarding of deck openings. 8.44 Access to vessels. 8.45 Access to and guarding of dry docks. 8.46 Access fo cargo spaces. : 1, 8.51 8.52 8.53 8.54 8.55 8.56 8.57 8.58 Subpart F-- G en eral W orking Conditions Housekeeping. Illumination. Utilities. Work in confined or Isolated Work oh or in the vicinity of Work in or on lifeboats. Health and.sOnitatlon. 1 First aid. spaces. radar and radio. Subpart G-- Gear and Equipment for Rigging and M aterials Handling 8.61 inspection. 8.62 Manila rope and manila rope slings. 3 Sec. 8.63 8.64 8.65 8.66 8.67 8.68 8 .6 ? - Wire rope and wire rope slings. Chains and chain sling*. Shackles. Hooks. Chain falls. Use of gear. Qualifications of operators. Subpart H-- Tools and Related Equipment 8.71 Power fools; general precautions. 8.72 Portable electric tools. 8.73 Hand fools. , 8.74 Abrasive wheels. 8.75 Powder actuated tools. Subpart I-- Personal Protective 8.81 Eye protection. 8.82 Respiratory protection. 8.83 Head and foot protection. 8.84 Life saving equipment. Eq uip m ent Appendix I-- Threshold Limit Values Authority: . 8.1 to 8 .8 4 and Appendix I issued under Public Law 8 5 -7 4 2 , 72 Stat. 8 3 5 , amending 44 Stat. 1444, 33 U.S.C. 941, and R.S. 161, 5 U .S.C. 2 2 .. .. , SUBPART A-- GENERAL PROVISIONS 8.1 PURPOSE A N D A U T H O R IT Y .............. (a} The Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (44 Stat.,14 2 4 ; 33 U .S.C . 901 et seq.) provides com pensation for injuries suffered by employee* when they are working for private employers within the Federal maritime jurisdiction on the navigable waters of the United States, in cluding dry docks. Public Law 8 5 - 7 4 2 , 72 Stat. 8 3 5 , 4 approved August 2 3 , 1 9 5 8, which amends section 41 of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act, as amended (44 Stat. 1444; 33 U.S.C. 941) requires, among other things, that every employer of the aforemen tioned employees "shall Install, furnish, maintain, and use such devices and safeguards with particular reference 1o equipment used by and working conditions established by such employers as the Secretary may determine by regula tion or order to be reasonably necessary to protect the life, health, and safely of such employees, and to render safe such employment and places of employment, and to prevent Injury to his employees." It is the purpose of the regula tions of this part to carry out the intent oF Public Law 85-742. (b) Pursuant to Public Law 8 5 -7 4 2 the regulalions of this part do not make determinations with respect to mailers under the control of the United States Coast Guard within the scope of Title 52 of the Revised Statutes and Acts sup plementary or amendatory thereto (46 U .S.C. 1 -1 3 88 , passim), including, but not restricted to, the master, ship's officers, crew members, design, construction, and mainte nance of the vessel, its gear and equipment; to matters within the regulatory authority of the United States Coast Guard to safeguard vessels, harbors, ports, and waterfront facilities under the provisions of the Espionage Act of June 15, 1 9 1 7 ; as amended (40 Stat. 2 2 6; 50 U .S.C . 19.1 el seq!; 22 U.S.C. 401 et seq,); or to matters within the regu latory authority of the United States Coast Guard with respect to lights, warning devices, safety equipment and other matters relating to the promotion of safety of lives and prop erty under section 4(e) of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act of August 7, 195 3 (67 Slat. 46 2 ; 43 U .S.C. 1333). 8 .2 . .. .( SCOPE AND RESPONSIBILITY . (a) The responsibility for compliance with the regulations of this pari is placed upon "em p lo yers'' as defined in section 8 .3 (c) of this port. (b) It is not the intent of the regulations of this part to place additional responsibilities or duties on owners, opera tors, agents or masters of vessels unless such persons are acting as employers, nor is it the Intent of these regulations to relieve such owners, operators, agents or masters of vessels from responsibilities or duties now placed upon them by law, regulation or custom. 8.3 : DEFINITIONS (a) The term "shall** indicates provisions which are manda tory. ,(b) The term "S e cre ta ry " means the Secretary of Labor. (c) . The term ".employer" means an employer any of whose employees are employed, in whale or in part, in ship repair or related employments as defined in this section within the Federal maritime jurisdiction on the navigable waters of the United States, including dry docks and marine railw ays. (d) The term "em p lo ye e" means any ship repairman or .other.person engaged in ship repair or related employments, within the Federal maritime jurisdiction on the navigable waters of the United States, including dry docks and marine railw ays, other than the master, ship's officers, crew of the vessel, or an y person engaged by the master to repair any vessel under 18 net tons. (e) The lerm "g a n g w a y 1* means any ram p-like or stair like means of access provided to enable personnel to board or leave a vessel including accommodation ladders, gang planks and brows. (f) The term `'vessel" Inctudes every description of wafercraft or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on water. (g) For purposes of 8 .4 4 , the term " b a rg e " means an unpowered, flat bottom, shallow draft vessel including scows, carfioats and lighters. For purposes of this section-, the term does not include ship shaped or deep draft barges. (h) For purposes of 8 .4 4 , the term "riv e r tow boot" means a shallow draft, low free board, self-propelled vessel designed to tow river barges by pushing ahead. For pur poses of this section, the term does not include other tow ing vessels. . . . ... (i) The term "sh ip, repair" means any repair of a vessel including, but not restricted to, alterations. Installations, cleaning, painting, and maintenance work. (j) The term "related employments'* means any employ ments performed as an incident to or in conjunction with ship repair work, including, but not restricted to, inspection, testing and employment as a watchman. (k) The term '.'hazardous substance" means a substance which by reason of being explosive, flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, irritant, or otherwise harmful is likely to cause .injury, t < . (l) The term "competent person" means a person who Is capable of recognizing and evaluating employee exposure to hazardous substances or to other unsafe conditions and is capable of specifying the necessary protection and pre cautions to be taken to insure the safety of employees as required by the particular regulation under the condition to which it applies, . -. (m) The term "confined space" means a compartment of small size and limited access such as a double bottom, tank, cofferdam, or other space which by its confined nature can readily create o f aggravate a hazardous exposure. (n) The term "hot-work" means riveting, welding, burn ing or other fire or spark producing operations. (o) The term "cold-w ork" means any work which does not involve riveting, welding, burning or other fire or spark producing operations. 7 } n. ' l1i\'I  8.4 PENALTY (a) As provided In Public Law 8 5 - 7 4 2 , any employer who, w illfu lly , vilales or fails or refuses to comply with the pro visions of Ihe regulations of this part and any employer or other person who w illfully Interferes with, hinders, or delays the Secretary or his outhorized representative in carrying out his duties under subsection (c) of section 41 of the Act by refusing to admit the Secretory or his authorized representalive to any place, or to permit the inspection or examination of any employment or place of employment, or who willfully hinders or delays the Secretary or his authorized representafive In the' performance of his duties In the enforcement of the regulations of this part, shall be guilty of an offense, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished for each of fense by a fine of not less than $ 1 0 0 nor more than $ 3 ,0 0 0 ; and in any case where such employer is a corpo ration, the officer who w illfully permifs any such violation to occur shall be guilty of an offense, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished also for each offense by a fine of not less than $ 1 0 0 nor more than $ 3 ,0 0 0 . (b j The liab ility under this provision of Public Law 8 5 7 4 2 shall not affect any other liability of the employer under the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act. 8.5 V A R IA T IO N FROM THE R EG U LA TIO N S OF THIS PART (a) As provided in Public Law 8 5 - 7 4 2 , in case of practical difficulties or unnecessary hardships, the Secretary in his dis cretion may grant variations from Ihe regulations of this part or particular provisions thereof, and permit the use of other or different devices if he finds that the purpose of the regu lation w ill be observed by the variation and the safety of employees w ill be equally secured thereby. Any person af- 8 fected by such regulations or his agent, may request the Sec j retary to grant such variation, slating in writing the grounds on which his request'Is based. A ny authorization by the Secretary of a variation shall be in w riting, shall describe the condition* Under which the variation shall be permitted, and shall be published as provided in section 3 of the Ad ministrative Procedure "A ct'(ch . 3 2 4 , 6 0 S tal. 2 3 7 ), as amended. : A properly indexed record of o il variations shall | be kept in the Office of the Secretary and be open to public inspection. f' 8 *i . j 8.6 . - . REFERENCE SPECIFICA TIO N S, STA N D A R D S, AND * C O D ES- I (a) Specifications, standards, and codes of agencies of Ihe United Stales Government, to the extent specified in the text, form a part of the regulations of this part. In addition, un der the authority vested in the Secretary under the Act, ihe specifications, standards, and codes of organizations which are not agencies of the United States Government, In effect on the dole of the promulgation of the regulations of this ! part as listed below, to the extent specified in the text, form a part of the regulations of this parts American Bureau of Shipping, In c ., -45 Broad Street, New York 4 , N .Y ., Subport B ,; | 8 .1 3 (a ).. : > . : . } , - ' Underwriters' Loboralories, Incjj 2 0 7 East Ohio Slreet, Chicago, Illi nois, Subpart B jf 8.1 2 (b ) end Subpart C , 5 8 .2 4 (b )(7 ).; American Standard Safety C o d e fo r P o rtab le W ood Lad d ers, A 1 4 .1 -- 1959, American Standards Association, Ine., 70 East 45lh Street, New York 17, N .Y ., Subpart E, 8 .4 2 (a )(6 ). American Standard Safety Code for Portable Metal Ladders, A 1 4 .2 -- 1956, American Standards Association, Ine., 7 0 East 45th Street, New York .17, N .Y ., Subparl E , 8 .4 2 (a )(4 ). American Standard Safety Cade for H ead, Eye and Respiratory Pro tection, Z 2 ,1 ^ 1 9 5 9 , Am erican Standards Association, Inc., 70 Host 45th Street, New Y o rk 1 7 , N .Y ., Subpart I, 8 .8 1 (a )(1 ), B.83(b). 9 . . . . ? T T w . '* * . -V{,, ?ej. f t ?{jj|p j. . f e a # ,*  8.7 \ N O T IFIC A TIO N OF A C CID EN TS RESULTIN G IN FATALITIES O R SERIO U S IN JU RIES (a) W ithin 48 hours after the occurrence of an accident causing the death of an em ployee or resulting in an em ployee's admission to a hospital as a bed patient, the em ployer shall file a copy of Bureau of Employees' Com pensation Form US -- 2 0 2 (approved by Budget Bureau No. 4 4 - R 8 8 7 .2 ] with ihe Field Safety Consultant of the Bureau of Labor Standards serving ihe area where the accident I occurred (in addition lo such filing as is required by 20 CFR 3 1 .3 ) unless prior thereto and as soon after the accident as feasible the em ployer has given oral or written notice of the accident to the person in charge of such office in suffi cient detail to permit the accident to be identified readily. [44 Stat. 1444, 33 U .S.C , 930] 8.8 AM EN DM EN T OF THE REG U LA TIO N S OF THIS - PART The S ecretary may at an y tim e, upon his own motion or upon written petition of an y interested person setting forth reasonable grounds therefor, and after opportunity has been given lo interested persons to present their views, amend or. rrevoke s'8.i any of the provisions of the regulations of this part. SUBPART B-- EXPLOSIVE and DANGEROUS ATMOSPHERES :..................................... . s. - >; ..P R E C A U T IO N S BEFO RE E N T E R IN G . (a) G cm y atmospheres. (1 ] Before employees are initially permitted to enter any of the following ship's spaces either the atmosphere shall be considered to be immediately dan gerous to life and the employees shall be protected in ac cord ance with the provisions of 8 .8 2 (a ) and (b) or the 10 i I atmosphere shall be tested by a competent person lo ensure that it fs safe. . . ` "S . (I) Cargo spaces or other spaces containing, or having -- last contained combustible or flammabte liquids or gases in bulk. ..... . . . (ii) Cargo spaces or other spaces containing or having last contained bulk liquid or gas cargoes of. a poisonous, corrosive, or irritant nature.' (ii] Spaces im mediately.above or adjacent to those de scribed in subdivisions (i) and (Ii) of this subparagraph. (Iv) Spaces that have been fumigated................ . . t* . . (2 ) If the atmosphere is found to be: safe, the provisions of 8.1 2 shall apply. (b) Oxygen deficient atmospheres. ... .... (1) Before employees are permitted to enter any spaces not covered by paragraph (a) ( 1) of this section, or( any sealed compartments or other spaces w hkh haye been in a state of preservation, or any poorly ventilated compartments which .have been freshly painted, either the almosphere shall be considered to be im mediately dangerous la life and the employees shall be pre lected in accordance with.the provisions o f. 8 .8 2 (a) and (b) , or the almosphere shall be Jested with an oxygen indi cator or other suitable device to ensure that it contains suf ficient oxygen to sustain life . (2 ) For. purposes of this paragraph, an atmosphere con taining 16.5 percent oxygen .or capable of supporting a flame shall be considered, to contain, sufficient oxygen to sustain life. . .( 3 ) M echanical ventilation which w ill provide at least one complete chajige of uncontaminated air may be substi tuted in lieu of either of.the requirements of subparagraph ( 1) of this paragraph. , , 8.12 ' CLEANING AND OTHER COLD W O R K (aj Employees shall be permitted *o perform manual clean ing to remove scale and debris or other cold work in 11 532100 0-60-2 I spaces described in 8. 11(a)(1) (i) through (iv) before they have been certified as gas-free only under the following conditions] (1) A competent person shall determine that the atmos phere is safe and that any hazardous atmospheric condition that might develop would arise only from residues capable of producing dangerous gases but not to the extent of creat ing an atmosphere immediately dangerous to life. ( 2 ) Hither continuous natural or mechanical ventilation shall be provided sufficient Jo maintain a safe atmosphere "in the breathing zone of employees, or'the employees shall be protected by suitable filter type respiratory protective equipment meeting the requirements of 8 .8 2 (a) and (e) while in the space. (3) Cold work only shall be permitted. (b) In spaces described in paragraph (a) of this section, only approved explosion-proof, self-contained battery fed portable lamps shall be used. Portable lamps bearing the approval of the Underwriters' Laboratories for use in Class I, Group D, or approved as permissible by the U.S. Bureau *of Mines/and lamps listed by the U.S, Coast Guard as ap p ro v e d for such use are deemed to meet the requirements of this paragraph. 8.13 GAS FREEING BEFORE HOT W O R K IS BEGUN (a) Employees shall not be permitted fa engage in hot work or the use of powder actuated tools on any vessel in or on the boundaries of cargo spaces or other spaces containing or having last contained combustible or flammable liquids or gases in bulk, or in spaces adjacent thereto, or on lines and fittings connected to any of the foregoing spaces until a certificate setting forth that the hot work can be done in safety is issued. Such certificate shall be acceptable only if issued by a gas chemist certificated by the American Bu reau'of Shipping, except.that a certificate issued by another person authorized by the U.S. Coast Guard pursuant to the 12 l provisions of 46 CFB 3 5 .0 1 -1 (1 ) for tank vessels, 46 CFR 7 1 .6 0 - l( a ) ( 1 ) for passenger vessels, and 46 CFR 9 1 .5 0 - 1(a )(1) for cargo and miscellaneous vessels is acceptable for a particular Inspection. 8.14 MAINTAINING GAS FREE CONDITIONS The following rules shall apply in maintaining gos free conditions: i: ' 5; ' : (a) Pipe lines which may convey hazardous substances into the spaces certified "S a fe For M en-- Safe For Fire" shall be disconnected or blanked off, ar other positive means shall be used to prevent discharge of hazardous substances from entering the space. Manholes and other closures, which were secured when Jests were made shall remain se cured. ` If such manholes or other closures are opened or any manipulation of valves takes place which tends to alter existing conditions, work in the affected spaces or areas shall be stopped and not resumed until such time as the area has been retested and again certified "Safe For Men-- Safe For Fire" in accordance with the.requirements of 8 .1 3 . (b) Before hot work is commenced on the weather deck over spaces which, under these regulations, are not required to be gas freed or Inerted, all valves, closures and vents, except those which are Yented up masts, connecting with non-gas free tanks or compartments below, shall be closed. Valves, closures and vents shall not be opened Until hot work is completed unless the hot work is stopped and the work loca tion posted as unsafe for fire. The latter notice shall not be removed nor hot work resumed until Ihe area is again made safe. s (c) The employer shall ipform masters and chief engineers of vessels of Ihe provisions of this section and shall confirm that they are aware of their responsibilities for seeing that their crews understand and obey all warning signs, tags, and the limitations stated on the gos free certificates. (d) When conditions in a tank are such that there is a 13 possibility of hazardous vapor being released from residues or other sources after a gas-free certificate has been issued/ a competent person shall make tests to ensure that the gas- r free condition is maintained irrespective of whether hot work IS being performed in the tank. When the competent person finds that atmospheric conditions have altered, work shall be slopped and a new gas-free certificate in accordance with the requirements of B;13 shall be obtained before work is resumed. {e) Before hot work is begun on any metal covered with preservative coatings the requirements of 8.33 shall be V5 met. i $ (fj When tests for hazardous atmospheres are made by the employer, the employer shall maintain a record of the date, time, location and results of the tests until such time as the work is safely completed. 8.15 W ARN IN G SIGNS (a ) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, all tanks, compartments, or spaces which have been certified "S afe For Men-- Not Safe For Fire," or "Not Safe For Men -- Not Safe For Fire" shall be plainly and conspicuously marked with paint or signs indicating that no hot work shall be performed on such tanks, comportments, or spaces or In the vicinity thereof. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, at! tanks, compartments, or spaces which have been inerted with gas shall be plainly and conspicuously marked with paint or signs indicating that the tank, compartment, or space contains a gas which will not support life. (c) The warning marks or signs required by paragraphs [a] and (b) of this section need not be posted on individual tanks, compartments or spaces if the entire vessel has been certified " Safe For Men-- Not Safe For Fire," "Not Safe For Men -- Not Safe For Fire," or if the entire vessel has been inerted, and if a sign to this effect is conspicuously 14 posted ot the gangway and at all other means of access to the vessel. / . ....... SUBPART C-SURFACE PREPARATION and r PRESERVATION 8.21 .TO XIC CLEANING SOLVENTS (a) Before any solvents are used, the employer shall ascer tain, whenever possible, the toxic properties of such solvents and shall employ at least one of the following measures to safeguard the health oF employees exposed to toxic solvents. (1) The cleaning operation shall be completely enclosed to prevent the escape of vapor info the working space. (2) Either natural ventilation or mechanical exhaust ven tilation shall be used to remove the vopor at the source and to dilute the concentration of vapors In the working space to the point at which an. unsafe concentration does not exist. (3) Employees shall be protected by suitable respiratory protective equipment in accordance with the requirements of 8.82 (a) and (c). (b) The Table of Threshold Limit Values set forth in Ap pendix I shall be used as a guide in determining safe con centrations of vapors. (c) When the toxic properties of a solvent cannot be as certained or the concentration of its vapors cannot be deter mined, employees shall be protected by respiratory protec tive equipment in accordance with the requirements of 8.82 (a) and (c). (d) The employer'shall advise the employees who are ex posed to solvents'of the hazardous nature of the solvents and of the measures taken to safeguard their health. 8.2 2 . CHEMICAL PAINT REMOVERS (a) Employees shall be protected against skin contact during the handling and application of chemical paint removers. 15 > Fv . ? ` ('f, i; r jw i V ' * n - -M- -ffiSfcfr . ~ , 'i ' M3 . . . f ;* rf'.fli <r. T ' . .. m m f . ` ** -d ' r f i i i ; ,. i -i v ; 'U .71 / * ; im Where there is a hazard from flying or plashing particles, employees shall be protected against eye injury by goggles or face shields in accordance with the requirements of 8.81(a). V : ' - (b) The following additional precautions shall be taken when applicable, depending upon.the type of solvent used, (1) When using flammable paint removers with low flash points, such as those containing benzol, amyl acetate and acetone, the following special precautions shall be taken to prevent fire. (1) Smoking, open flames, arcs and spark-producing equipment shall be prohibited in the area. ' (ii) Ventilation shall be provided in sufficient quantities to keep the concentration of vapors below ten ( 10) percent of their lower explosive limit. (lit) Solvent soaked rags and scrapings shall be kept in a covered metal container. (2 ) When using paint removers which contain volatile and toxic solvents, such as benzol, acetone, and amyl ace tate, the provisions of 8.21 shall be applicable. (3) When using paint and rust removers containing strong acids or alkalies, employees shall be protected by suitable face shields to prevent chemical burns on the face and neck. (4) When steam guns are used, all employees working within range of the blast shall be protected by suitable face shields. Metal parts of the steam gun itself shall be insu lated to protect the operator against heat burns. 8.23 M ECHANICAL PAINT REMOVERS (a) Power /oofs. ( 1) Employees engaged in the removal of paints, preservatives, rusts or other coatings by means of power tools shall be protected against eye Injury by goggles or face shields in accordance with the requirements of 8 .8 1 (a ). (2) All portable rotating tools used for the removal of paints, preservatives, rusts or other coatings shall be ade- 16 qualely guarded to protect both the operator and nearby workers from flying missiles. (3) Portable electric tools shall be grounded in accord ance with the requirements of 8 .7 2 . (4) In a confined space, mechanical exhaust ventilation sufficient to keep the dust concentration to a minimum shall be used, or employees shall.be protected by respiratory pro tective equipment in accordance with the requirements of 8.82 (a) and (d). (b) Prohibition of flame removal. (1) Preservative coat ings shall not be removed by flame from accessible surfaces. When preservative coatings containing toxic materials spec ified in 8.31(c) ( I ) and (2) must be removed from sur faces which are inaccessible to any method of removol olher than by flame, removal by flame is permissible provided that precautions are taken as required by 8 .3 1 (c ) (1) and (2). ' "'(c) Abrasive blasting -- (1) Equipment. Hoses and fittings used for abrasive blasting shall meet the following require ments:' (i)' Hoses.' Hose of a type to prevent shocks from static electricity shall be.used.' ` ''' (li) Hose Couplings. Hose lengths shall be joined by metal couplings secured to the outside of the hose to avoid erosion and weakening of the couplings. (iii) Nozzles. Nozzles shall be attached to the hase by fittings that will prevent the nozzle from unintentionally be coming disengaged. Nozzle attachments shall be of metal and shall fit onfo^tlie hose externally. : (2)' Replacement. 'Hoses and all fittings'used for abra sive blasting shall be inspected frequently to Insure timely replacement before an unsafe amount of wear has occurred. (3)` Personal protective equipment. (i)'Abrasive blasters'shall be protected by hoods and air line respirators or air helmets of a positive pressure type in accordance with the requirements of 8.82(a). 17 (1) Employees, other thon blasters, including machine tenders and abrasive recovery men, working in areas where unsafe concentrations of abrasive materials and dusts ore present shall be protected by eye and respiratory protective equipment in accordance witH the requirements of 8.81 \ (a) and (b) and 8 .8 2 (a) and (d). (HI) The blaster shall be protected against injury from exposure to the blast by appropriate protective clothing, in cluding gloves. 1 . (iv) Since surges from drops in pressure in the hose line can be of sufficient proportions to throw the blaster off the staging, the blaster shall be protected by a safety belt when ' blasting is being done from elevations where adequate pro tection against falling cannot be provided by railings. S 8.24 j PAINTING (a) Paints mixed with toxic vehicles or soivenfs. (1) When paints mixed with toxic vehicles or solvents are sprayed, the following conditions shall apply: (i) In confinedspaces, employeescontinuously exposed j to such spraying shall be protected by airline respirators in accordance with therequirements of 8 .8 2 (a). (ii) In tanks or compartments, employees continuously ex posed to such spraying shall be protected by airline respira tors in accordance with the requirements of 8.82(a). Where mechanical ventilation is provided, employees shall be pro tected by respirators in accordance with the requirements of 8.82 (a) and (e). (Ill) In large an d .w ell ventilated areas, employees ex posed to such spraying shall be protected by respirators in accordance with the requirements of 8\*82 (a) and (e). (2} Where brush application of paints with toxic soivenfs is done in confined spaces, or other areas where lack of ven tilation creates a hazard, employees shall be protected by j filter respirators in accordance with the requirements of 8 .8 2 (a) and (c). (3) In all cases In which paints produce flammable vapor sufficient ventilation, either mechanical or natural, lo keep the concentration of flammable vapors below ten <10} per cent of the lower explosive limit shall be provided. (b) Paints a. d tank coatings dissolved in highly vafatife, toxic and flammable soivenfs. . Several organic coatings, od- hesives and resins are dissolved In highly toxic, flammable and explosive solvents with flash points below 80* F, Work Involving such materials shall be.done only when all of the following special precautions have been taken: (1) Sufficient exhaust ventilation shall be provided to keep the concentration of solvent Yapors below ten (10) per cent of the lower explosive limit. Frequent tests shall be made by a competent person to ascertain the concentration. (2) If ihe ventilation fails or if the concentration of sol vent vapor rises abovB ten ( 1 0 ) percent of the lower ex plosive limit, painting shall be slopped and the compartment shall be evacuated until the concentration again falls below ten (10) percent of the lower explosive limit. It th l con centration does not fall when painting is slopped, additional Ventilation to bring Ihe coneentratiop down to ten ( 10) per cent of the lower explosive limit shall be provided. (3) Ventilation shall be continued after the completion of painting until the space or compartment is gas free. The final determination as to whether the space or compartment is gas free shall be made after the ventilating equipment has been shut off for at least ten minutes. (4) Exhaust ducts shall discharge clear of working areas and away from sobrceS of possible ignition. Periodic tests shall be made to'ensure that Ihe exhausted vapors are not accumulating in other areas within or around the vessel or dry dock. (5) All motors and control equipment shall be of Ihe ex plosion-proof type with non-ferrous fan blades. Air ducts shall also be of non-ferrous materials. All motors and as sociated control equipment shall be properly maintained and grounded. 19 (6) Only non-sparking paint buckets, spray guns and tools shall be used. Metal parts of paint brushes and rollers shall be insulated. Staging shall be erected in a manner which ensures that It is non-sparking. (7) Only explosion-proof lights, approved by the Under writers* Laboratories for use in Class I, Group D atmos pheres, or approved as permissible by the U.S. Bureau of Mines or the U.S. Coast Guard, shall be used. (0) A competent person shall inspect all power cables to ensure that the insulation is in excellent condition, free of all cracks and worn spots, that there are no connections within fifty (50) feet of the operation, that lines are not overloaded, and that they are suspended with sufficient slack to prevent undue stress or chafing. (9) The face, eyes, head, hands and all other exposed parts of the bodies of employees handling such highly vola tile paints shall be protected. All footwear shall be non sparking, such as rubbers, rubber bools or rubber soled shoe! without nails. Coveralls or other outer clothing shall be of cotton. Rubber, rather than plastic, gloves shall be used because of the danger of static sparks. ( 10) No matches, lighted cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, and no cigarette lighters or ferrous articles shall be taken into the area where work is being done. (1 1) All solvent drums taken into the comparlment shall be placed on non-ferrous surfaces and shall be grounded to the vessel. Metallic contact shall be maintained between containers and drums when materials are being transferred from one to another. (12) Spray guns, paint pots, and metallic parts of con necting tubing shall be electrically bonded, and the banded assembly shall be grounded to the vessel. (13) All employees continuously In a compartment in which such painting is being performed, shall be protected by airline respirators in accordance with the requirements of 8 .82(a). Employees entering such comportments for 20 \ a limited time shall be protected by filler cartridge type res pirators in accordance with the requirements of 8.82 (a] and (e). (1 4 ) All employees doing exterior paint spraying with such paints shall be protected by suitable filter cartridge type respirators in accordance with the requirements of 8 .8 2 (a) and (e)* SUBPART D-- WEIDING, CUTTING, and HEATING A 8.31 ... # V E N T ILA T IO N AND PRO TECTIO N IN WELDING, CUTTING, AND HEATING (a) Mechanical venfifah'on; requirements. (1) For purposes of this section, mechanical ventilation shall meet the fallow ing requirements:* * ? (i) .Mechanical ventilation shall consist of either general mechanical ventilation systems or local exhaust systems. (ii) General mechanical ventilation shall be of sufficient capacity and so arranged as to produce the number of air changes necessary to maintain welding fumes and smoke within safe limits. . (iii) Local exhaust ventilation shall consist of freely mov able hoods intended to be placed by the welder or burner as close as practicable to the work. This system shall be of sufficient capacity and so arranged as to remove fumes and smoke at the source and keep the concentration of them in the breathing zonef within safe limits. . (iv) Contaminated air exhausted from a working space shall be discharged into the open air or otherwise clear of the source of Intake atr. (v) Ali air replacing that withdrawn shall be clean and respirable. . , (vi) Oxygen from a cylinder or torch shall not be used for ventilation purposes. 21 i , * * :.4.5 : :: : ' . ` | v*. r 1 I| ' m n :; / 1 p ,* t & . i r4 (b) We/ding, cuffing and heating in confined spaces. (1) Except as provided In paragraphs (b)(3) and (c)(2) of this section, either general mechanical or local exhaust ventila tion meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) of this sec tion shall be provided whenever welding, cutting or heating Is performed in a confined space. (2) Mare than one means of access shall be provided to a confined space except in cases in which the U .S. Coast Guard prohibits, or the structure of the vessel mokes im practicable, additional openings.' The ventilating ducts shall be of such a type and so arranged as to permit free pas sage of an employee through at|east two of these means of access. , (3) When sufficient ventilation cannot be obtained with out blocking the means of access, employees in the confined space shall be protected by air line respirators In accord ance with the requirements of B.82(a), and an employee on the outside of such a confined space shall be assigned to maintain communication with those working within it and to aid them in an emergency. (c) Welding, cuffing or heafing of me/a/s of toxic signifi cance. (1) Welding, cutting or heating in any enclosed spaces aboard the vessel involving the metals specified in this subparagraph shall be performed with either general mechanical or local exhaust ventilation meeting the require ments of paragraph (a) of this section. (1) Zinc-bearing base of filler melals or metals coated with zinc-bearing materials. (ii) Lead base metals. (1!) Cadmium-bearing filler materials.. (iv) Chromium-bearing metals or metals coated with chromium-bearing materials. (2) Welding, cutting or heating in any enclosed spaces board the vessel involving the metals specified in this sub- paragraph shall be performed with local exhaust ventilation in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this 22 section or employees shall be protected by air-ljne respira tors in accordance with the requirements of 8 .8 2 (a ). Em ployees performing such operations in the open air shall be protected by a filter type respirator in accordance with re quirements of paragraph (a) and subdivision (d)(lv) of 8.82. (1) Metals containing lead, other than as ar> Impurity, or metals coated with lead-bearing materials. (Ii) Cadmium-bearing or cadmium coated base metals. (ii) Melals coated with mercury-bearing melals. (tv) Beryllium-containing base or filler melals. Because of its high toxicity, work involving beryllium shall be done with both local exhaust ventilation and air line .respirators. (3) Other employees exposed to the same atmosphere as the welders or burners shall be protected in the same manner Ii as the welder or burner. .- ` (d) Inerf-gas mefal-arc welding.- (1) Since the inert-gas metal-arc welding process involves the production of ultra violet radiation of Intensities of 5 to 30 times that produced during shielded metal-arc welding, the decomposition of chlorinated solvents by ultraviolet rays, and the liberation of toxic fumes and gases, employees shall not be permitted to engage in, or be exposed to the process until the follow ing special precautions have been taken: (i) The use of chlorinated solvents shall be kept at least two hundred ( 2 0 0 ) feet from the exposed ore, and surfaces prepared with chlorinated solvents shall be thoroughly dry before welding is permitted on such surfaces. (ii) Helpers and other employees in the area not protected from the arc by screening as provided in 8.36(e) shall be protected by filter Tenses meeting the requirements of 8.81 (a) and (c). When two or more welders are exposed to each other's arc, filter lens goggles of a suitable type meet ing the requirements of 8.81 (a) and (c) shall be worn under welding helmets or hand shields to protect the welder against flashes and radiant energy when either the helmet is lifted or the shield is removed. 23 i ;> * ' 7* 'V 'r- li a V m , vT ' t .r 5; ;f 1, iff. ). i t' -r (iit) Welders and other employees who are exposed to radiation shall be suitably protected so that the skin Is covered completely lo prevent burns and other damage by ultraviolet rays. Welding helmets and hand shields shall be free of 1leaks and openings, and free of highly reflective surfaces. `I (iv) When inert-gas metal-arc welding is being performed I on slainless steel, the requirements of paragraph (c)(2) of this section shall be met to protect against dangerous con centrations of nitrogen dioxide. I' (e) General welding, cutting and heating. (1) Welding, cutting and heating not Involving conditions or materials de scribed In paragraphs (b), (c) or (d) of this section may nor mally be done without mechanical ventilation or respiratory protective equipment, but where, because of unusual physical i or atmospheric conditions, an unsafe accumulation of con *W taminants exists, suitable mechanical ventilation or respira tory protective equipment shall be provided. (2) Employees performing any type of welding, cutting or heating shall be protected by suitable eye protective equipment in accordance with the requirements of 8.81 (a) and (c). 8,32 1 FIRE PREVENTION (a) When practical, objects to be welded, cut or heated shall be moved to a designated safe location or, if the object to be welded, cut or heated cannot be readily moved, oil mov able fire hazards in the vicinity shall be taken to a safe place. (b) If the object lo be welded, cut or healed cannot be moved and if all the fire hazards cannot be re m o v e d , posi tive means shall be taken to confine the heat, sparks, and slag and to protect the immovable fire haxards'from them. (c) No welding, cutting or heating shall be done where ' 46 CFJt 1 4 4 .0 2 - 2 0 contains C o a il G u a rd reg u la lm m pertaining la welding and cutting while x p lo t lv il and dangeroui cargoes ore being handled. 24 the application of flammable paints or the presence of other flammable compounds or of heavy dust concentrations creates a hazard. (d) Suitable Ore extinguishing equipment shall be avail able and shall be maintained Tn a state of readiness for instant use. (e) When the welding, cutting or heating operation is such that normal fire preventiori precautions are not sufficient, additional personnel shall be assigned to guard against fire while the actual welding, cutting or heating operations are being performed and for a sufficient period of lime after completion of the work to ensure that no possibility of fire exists. (f) When welding, cutting or heating is performed on tank shells, decks, overheads and bulkheads, since direct penetration of sparks or heat transfer may introduce a fire hazard to an adjacent compartment, the same precautions shall be taken on the opposite side as are taken on the side on which the welding is being performed. (g) In order to eliminate the possibility of fire in confined spaces as a result of gas escaping through leaking or im properly closed torch valves, the gas supply to the torch shall be positively shut off at some point outside the confined area whenever the torch Is not to be used for a substantial period of time, such as during the lunch hour. Overnight the torch and hose shall be removed from the confined space. ii ; 8.33 # WELDING, CUTTING AND HEATING IN W AY OF PRESERVATIVE COATINGS (a) All accessible surfaces, seams and points to be welded, cut or heated shall first be stripped of all toxic or flammable hardened preservative coatings, except platings such as galvanizing, far a distance of at least four (4 ) Inches from i file area of heat application, 25 *w : v E s r r . - '- r z z '- T :? - i f ? - :-i Li y n !t * . `k m - - IvfF.ne-r*rs:f- v--j-w-i - vr*f IM n Cl ri U 01 1h Cfl I cu 3 C| rm PH ortar tor l or | eqi (a ) 8 (Q) , be | be \ obit {I moy live, lag (< '4 i o n J cut (b) When welding, cutting or other heating must ba done in locations Inaccessible to removal of preservatives contain ing toxic m aterials, the precautions specified in section 8.31(c) (1 ) and (2 ) shall be taken. 8.34 W ELDING, CU TTIN G , AND H EATIN G OF HOL LOW METAL CONTAINERS AND STRUCTURES NOT COVERED BY 8.12 OF THIS PART (c) Before welding, cutting or heating is commenced In (a) Drums, containers or hollow structure* which have con enclosed spaces on metals covered by soft ond greasy pre tained flammable substances shall be thoroughly cleaned of servatives, the following precautions shall be taken. ' such substances before w elding, cutting or heating is under ( 1) A competent person shall test the atmosphere in the taken on them. space to ensure that it does not contain explosive vapors, (b) If, after being cleaned, a drum, container or hollow since there is a possibility that some soft and greasy pre structure is filled with w ater, before heat Is ap p lie d , a Yenl servatives may have flash points below temperatures which or opening located above the water level shall be provided may be expected to occur naturally. If such vapors are de for the release of any built-up pressure during the application termined to be present, no hot work shall be commenced of heat. '' 5 until such precautions have been taken as will insure that (cj Before welding,'cutting, heating or brazing is begun the welding, cutting or healing can be performed In safety. on structural voids such as skegs, bilge keels, fair waters, (2) The preservative coatings shall be removed for a suf masts, booms, support stanchions, pipe stanchions or rail ficient distance from the area to be healed to insure that the ings, a competent person sh all inspect the object an d , if temperature of the unstripped melal will not be appreciably necessary, test if for the presence of flam m able liquids or raised. Artificial cooling of the metal surrounding the vapors. If flam m able liquid s or vapors are present, the healed area may be used to limit the size of the area re object shall be made safe. quired to be cleaned. (d] Objects such as those listed in paragraph (c) of this (d) Immediately after welding, cutting or heating is com section shall also be inspected to' determine whether water menced in enclosed spaces on metal covered by soft and or other non-flammable liquids are' present which, when greasy preservatives, and at frequent intervals thereafter, o heated, would build up excessive pressure. If such liquids competent person shall make tests to ensure that no flam are determined to be present, the object shall be vented, mable vapors are being produced by the coatings. If such cooled, or otherwise made safe during the ap plication of vapors are determined to be present, the operation shall be heat. stopped immediately and shall not be resumed until such {ej Jacketed vessels shall be vented before ond during additional precautions have been taken as are necessary to welding, cutting or heating operations so as to release any insure that the operation con be resumed safely. pressure which moy, build up during the application of heat. (e) A record of the date, time, location and results of the tests required by paragraphs (c) and (d) of'this section shall ba maintained until such time as the work is safely completed, (f) The application of heat or flame to melt or facilitate the removal of preservative coatings is prohibited. 8.35 GAS WELDING AND CUTTING (a) Transporting, moving and storing compressed gas cyl inders. (1) V alve protection caps shall be in place and secure. O il shall not be used to lubricate protection caps. 26 27 5 J 2 100 0 - 6 0 --3 Sri (2) When cylinders are hoisted, they shall be secured on (c) irea/ment of ey/mc/ers. - { 1) Cylinders, whether full a cradle, slingboard or pallet. They shall not be hoisted or empty, shall not be used as rollers or supports. by means of magnets or choker slings. (2) No person other than the ggs supplier shall attempt (3) Cylinders shall be moved by tilting and rolling them on their bottom edges. They shall not be intentionally dropped, struck, or permitted to strike each other violently. to mix gases In a cylinder. No one except tho owner of the cylinder or person authorized by him shall refill a cyl inder. No one shall use a cylinder's contents for purposes (4) When cylinders are transported by vehicle, they shall other than those intended by the supplier. Only cylinders be secured in position. (5) Valve protection caps shall not be used for lifting bearing Interstate Commerce Commission identification and inspection markings shall be Used.' c cylinders from one vertical position to another. Bars shall (3) No damaged or defective cylinder shall be used. s not be used under valves or valve protection caps to pry (d) Use of fuel gas. The employer shall thoroughly in n cylinders loose when frozen. Warm, not boiling, water struct employees in the safe use of fuel gas, as follows: P shall be used to thaw cylinders loose. 0 ) Before connecting a regulator to a cylinder valve, the a (6 ) Unless cylinders are firmly secured on a special car valve shall be opened slightly and closed immediately. t< rier intended for this purpose, regulators shall be removed (This action is generally termed "cracking" and Is intended fc and valve protection caps put in place before cylinders are to clear the valve of dust or dirt that might otherwise enter moved. the regulator.) The person cracking the valve shall stand OI (7) A suitable cylinder truck, chain, or other steadying to one side of the outlet, nat In front of It. The valve of a ei device shall be used to keep cylinders from being knocked fuel gas cylinder shall not be cracked where the gas would {} (a over while in use. reach welding work, sparks, flame or other possible sources ( 8) The cylinder valves shall be closed before cylinders of ignition. are moved, when the work is finished, or when the cylinders (2) The cylinder valve shall always be opened slowly to are empty. * ;. prevent damage to the regulator. To permit quick closing, (a (b) P/acing cylinders. (1) Cylinders shall be kept far valves on acetylene cylinders shall not be opened more than be enough away from the actual welding or cutting operotion f /j turns. Where a special wrench is required, it shall be be so that sparks, hot sla g or fame will not reach them. When left In position on the stem of the valve while the cylinder is ah this is impractical, fire resistant shields shall be provided. in use so that the fuel gas flow can be shut off quickly in . (2) Cylinders shall be placed where they cannot become case of an emergency.. In the case of manifolded or ITK pari of an electrical circuit. Electrodes shall not be struck coupled cylinders, at leftist one such wrench shall always be tiv. against a cylinder to strike an arc. available for immediate User * Nothing shall be placed on s|a (3) Fuel gas cylinders shall be placed with valve end up top of an acetylene cylinder, when in use, which may dam whenever they are in use. They shall not be placed in a age the safety device or interfere with the quick closing of location where they would be subject to open flame, hot the valve. - metal, or other sources of artificial heal. (3) Fuel gas shall .not be used from cylinders through and (4) Cylinders containing oxygen or acetylene or other fuel torches or other devices which are equipped with shut-off gas shall not be taken into confined spaces. 28 29 T>> .m. y V --- ~-~ >*- /. ' * 'i i >!>*# '* ' A V rJ jk j!r,r r * i* *'-* * *r-' r- u:.i'a>. `JV(( fry v : :i*ri !i .A .v j valves without reducing the pressure through a suitable regu- would permit Ihe flow of one gas inlo the oftier gas passage, lator attached to the cylinder valve or manifold. (4) Before a regulator is removed from a cylinder valve, the cylinder valve shall always be closed and the gas re shall not be used. ` ' **'* * ; i ^ *. (2] When parallel sections of oxygen ond acetylene hoie are taped together; not more1than four (4 ) inches out of leased from the regulator. eight (8) Inches shall be covered by fape, (5} If, when the valve on a fuel gas cylinder is opened, (3) All hose carrying acetylene, oxygen, natural or manu there is found to be a leak around the valve stem, the valve factured fuel gas, or any gos or substance which may Ignite shall be closed and the gland nut tightened. If this action or enter into combustion or be in any way harmful to em- does not stop the leak, the use of the cylinder shall be dis ployeesj shall be inspected at the beginning of each shift. < continued, and It shall be properly tagged and removed from f (4) Hose which has been subjected to flashback or which ] the vessel. In the event that fuel gas should leak from Ihe shows evidence of severe wear or damage shall be tested r cylinder valve rather than from the valve slem and the gas to twice the normat pressure to which it is subject, but in no F cannot be shut off, the cylinder shall be properly tagged case less than two hundred (200) psl. Defective hose or c and removed from the vessel. If a regulator attached to a hose in doubtful condition shall not be used.' ' > li cylinder valve will effectively stop a leak through the valve ! (5) Hose couplings shall be of the type that cannot be seat, the cylinder need not be removed from the vessel. ti unlocked or disconnected by means of a straight pull with (6) If a leak should develop ot a fuse plug or other safety out rotary motion. - device, the cylinder shall be removed from the vessel. o . (6 ) Boxes used for the stowage of gas' hose shall be I e . (e) Manifolds. (1 ) Manifolds shall bear the name of ventilated. the substance they contain In letters ot least one ( 1) inch . * . . ' i ' ,i : . . (cj high which shall be either painted on the manifold or on a 8 .3 6 *'* -. | sign(2)permaAnlel nmtlaynaiftotaldcshesdhatlol bite. placed in safe and accessible ARC W ELDING AND CUTTING (a ! loca(3ti)onMs. anifold hose connections shall be such that hose (hao)ldMersanwuhailcheleacrterosdpeechiofilcdaellrys,. de(s1ig)neOdnflyormaarcnuwael ldeliencgtroodnde " :! cfoanldnso. t bAedinaptetrocrhsasnhgaeldl nboettwbeeeunsefudeltogapseersmaitndtheoxiyngteernchmanangie ararteedofcuarrceanptarceiqtyuicreadpabbylethoef eslaefcetrlyodheasnsdhlianlgl bteheusmeadx. imum a\\ of hose. . Manifold hose connections shall be kept free of ! (2 ) Any current carrying parts passing through the por mi | grease and oil. tion of the holder which the welder grips in his hand shall v j (f) Hose. (1) Fuel gas hose and oxygen hose shall be be fully insulated against the maxium voltage encountered to ground. ' i sli beeasimlyoddeistibnygudisifhfearbelnet frcoomloresacohr obtyhesr.urfaTchee cchoanrtarcatsetrismtiacys (b) Wefding cab/er and connectors. ( 1) All welding readily distinguishable by the sense of touch. Oxygen and cables shall be of the completely Insulated, flexible type, fuel gas hoses shall not be interchangeable. A single hose capable of handling the maximum current requirements of having more than one gos passage, a wall failure of which the work in progress, taking into account the duty cycle under and : which the welder is working.' 30 f i . k .< I : *Y, ;* * !*: *'> i. * . t. * ' f iill M r t m m ^ : -hr. ;M Y : J ` j -` '.il n* \: < i y F: Ci t<; . WSi,i : e! ; si; (. bi ht al mi tiv il and (2) Qftly cable free from repair or splices for a minimum distance of ten ( 10) feet from the cable end to which the electrode holder Is connected shall be used, except that cables with standard insulated connectors or with Splices whose insulating quality is equal to that of the cable are permitted. * - (3) When it becomes necessary to connect or splice lengths of cable one to another, substantial insulated con nectors of a capacity at least equivalent to that of the cable shall be used. If connections are effected by means of cable lugs, they shall b* securely fastened together to give good electrical contact, and the exposed metal ports of the lugs shall be completely Insulated; (4) Cables in poor repair shall not be used. When a cable, other than the cable lead referred to In subparagraph ( 2 ) of this paragraph, becomes worn to the extent of ex posing bore conductors, the portion thus exposed shall be protected by means of rubber and friction tapes or other equivalent insulation. (c) Ground returns and machine grounding. (1) A ground return cable shall have a safe current carrying capacity equal to or exceeding the specified maximum output capacity of the welding unit which it services. When a single ground return cable services more than one unit, its safe current carrying capacity shall equal or exceed the total specified maximum output capacities of all the units which it services. ' {2} Structures or pipe lines, except pipe lines containing gases or flammable liquids or conduits containing electrical circuits, may be used as part of the ground return circuit, pro vided that the pipe or structure has a current carrying capacity equal to that required by subparagraph ( 1) of this paragraph. (3) When a structure or pipe line is employed as a ground return circuit, it shall be determined that the required electrical contact exists at all joints. The generation of an arc, sparks or heat at any point shall cause rejection of the structure as a ground circuit. 32 (4) When a structure or pipe line is continuously employed as a ground return circuit, ail joints shall be bonded, and periodic inspections shall be conducted to ensure that no con dition of electrolysis or fire hazard exists by virtue of such use. r (5) The frames of a i l. arc welding machines shall be grounded either through a third wire in the cable containing the circuit conductor or through a separate wire which is grounded at the source of the current. .Grounding circuits, other than by means of the vessel's structure, shall be checked to ensure that the circuit between the ground and the grounded power conductor has resistance low enough to permit sufficient current to flow to cause the fuso or circuit breaker to Interrupt the current, (6 } Ail ground connections shall be inspected to ensure that they are mechanically strong and electrically adequate for the required current. (d) Operating instructions. Employers shall instruct em ployees in the safe means oF arc welding as follaws: (1 ) When electrode holders are to be left unattended, the electrodes shall be removedand the holders shall be so placed.jOr protected that.they cannot make electrical contact with employees or conducting objects. (2) Hot electrode holders shall not be dipped in water, since to do so may expose the welder to electric shock. (3) When the welder has occasion to leave his work or to stop work for any appreciable length of time, or when the welding machine Is to be moved, the power supply switch to the equipment shall be opened. (4) Any faulty or defective equipment shall be reported to the supervisor. j ' (e) Shielding. Whenever practicable; oil arc welding and cutting operations shall be shielded by noncombustible or flame-proof screens which will protect employees and other persons working in the vicinity from the direct rays of the ore. 33 1 lip Px ,'t;. & . v- ' .S'* W ? ' ! I- t f. ` 1 s n4 I s: I < i m * in F c . t f i , ti t< & ,U1 J! .5 - ! ( bl ht \ - i mi tv sic acid! 8.37 USES OF FISSIONABLE M ATERIAL IN SHIP REPAIR (a) In ship repair and related activities involving the use of and exposure to sources of ionizing radiation not only on conventionally powered but also on nuclear powered vessels, the applicable provisions of the Atomic Energy Commis sion's Standards for Protection Against Radiation (1 0 CFR Part 2 0 ), relating to protection against occupational radia tion exposure, shall apply. ' " ' (b) Any activity which involves the use of radioactive m aterial, whether or not under license from the Atomic En ergy Commission, shall be performed by competent persons i specially trained in the proper and safe operation of such equipment. In the case of materials used under Commis sion license, only persons actually licensed, or compelent persons under direction and supervision of the licensee, shall perform such work. J` SUBPART E-- SCAFFOLDS, LADDERS, and OTHER WORKING SURFACES 8,41 SCAFFOLDS OR STAGING (a) General requirements. (1 ) A ll scaffolds and their supports, whether of lumber, steel or other m aterial, shall be capable o f supporting the load they are designed to carry with a safety factor of not less than four (4). (2 ) A ll lumber used in the construction of scaffolds shall be spruce, fir, long leaf yellow pine, Oregon pi he or wood of equal strength. The use of hemlock, short le af yellow pine or short fiber lumber is prohibited. . , ' .! (3 ) Lumber dimensions as given in this subpart are nominal except where given in fractions of an inch. 34 (4) All lumber used In the construction ohjcaffolds shall be sound, straight-grained, free from cross g ra in , shakes and large, loose or dead knots. It shall also be free from dry rot, large checks, worm holes or other defects which impair Us strength or d u rability. . (5) Scaffolds shall be maintained In a safe and secure condition. Any component of the scaffold which is broken, burned or otherwise defective shall be re p laced .*; (6 ) Barrets, boxes, loose tile blocks, loose piles of bricks or other unstable objects shall not be used, for the support of planking Intended as scaffolds or working platforms. (7) Mo scaffold shall be erected, moved, dismantled or altered except under the supervision of competent persons. ( 8 ) No w elding, burning, riveting or open flame work shall be performed on any staging suspended by means of fiber rope. (b) independent pole wood jcaffo/ds. (1 ) A ll pole up rights shall be set plumb. Poles shall rest on a foundotion of sufficient size and strength to distribute the load and to prevent displacement. (2) tn light-duty scaffolds not more than 24 feet in height, poles may be spliced by overlapping the ends not [ess than 4 feet and secu rely n ailin g them together. A substantial cleat shall be nailed to the lower section to form a support for the upper section except when bolted connec tions are used. (3) A il other poles to be spliced shall be squared at the ends of each splice, abutted, and rigidly fastened together by not less than twp cleats securely nailed or bolted there to. Each cleat sh ill overlap each pole end by at least 24 inches and shall have a width equal to the face of the pole to which it Is attached. The combined cross sectional area of the cleats shall be not less than the cross sectional area of the pole. ??.*}.' (4) Ledgers shall extend over two consecutive pole spaces and shall overlap the poles at each end by not less than 4 35 `f i- w .r.r - * : * \ V * -t\ v W -*-' k Y i ; ; v r. ; . , ft -if > -vr >5 . `t ,, A JV . */ > % !i ,<: iV; . : y ; : vt : ' * \ ' S*4. .** . i.f s : v. :!*; -j J<;* iv * . V * *'7 it if lit?, =*: ft i *V m W*i`.\f 'I4t * > V i& s ii f i TABLX X - l DIX2K SI0N8 AXD SPACING OT TOOD XKDXPXXDXNT-POLX SCATTOLD XXXBXNS e % ; 3S >dtnJ xfe a t s a t f MN a n9 3 5 S 5 5 2 s s* . . T MM X s H T3 t 4 * a A S^'- St- : s s s : h: i is S i " : z I I 5 5 SO5 UN >84 UsK : *H*H ea a a a a W<B5 d RHHI -frlt^ S T ^ 2 S 4 fedU C * UK h 4d<d W K R fHlH9 sa c " UH _ n - *>g sa s a wi wfe g -a 5 S 5 S Hv< H UnH+> O a B a m J fi* w s. 36 inches. They shall be lefl In position to brace the poles os the platform is raised with the progress of the work. Ledg ers shall be level and shall be securely nailed or bolted to each pole and shall be placed against the Inside face of each pole. (5) All bearers shall be set with their greater dimension vertical and shall fextend beyond the ledgers upon which they rest. (6 ) Diagonal bracing shall be provided between the parallel poles, and cross bracing shall be provided between the inner and outer poles or from the outer poles to the ground. [7\ Minimum dimensions and spacing of members shall be in accordance with Table E - 1 . ( 8 ) Platform planking shall be in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (h) of this section. (9) Backralls and toeboards shall be In accordance with the requirements of paragraph (i) o f this jection. (c) independent pole mefa/scaffolds. (1 ) Metal scaffold members shall be maintained in good re p air and free of corrosion. *' ' (2) All vertical and horizontal members shall be fas tened together with a coupler or locking device which will form a positive connection. The locking device shall be of a type which has no loose parts. (3 ) Posts shall be kept plumb during erection and the scaffold shall be subsequently kept plumb and rigid by means of adequate bracing. (4) Posts shall be fitted with bases supported on a firm foundation to distribute the load. When wooden sills are used, the bases shall be fastened thereto. 1 (5) Bearers shall be located at each set of posts, at each level, and at each intermediate level where working plat forms are installed. ' (6 } Tubular bracing shall be applied both lengthwise and crosswise as required. 37 rr <. . k' . g . r- - . -V H > . '.? W W W '' , 4 '} \rS M 4r . V . .. ' ; 'r V : 3/ ' * 4 <1 '*? ' A *,%*% - W i : - il: !: \ m V l (7 ) Plnlform planking shall be In accordance with the requirement of paragraph (h) of this section. (8 ) BackraiU and loeboards shall be in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (I) of this section. 1 (d) Wood trestle and extension trestle ladders, ( ! ) The use of trestle ladders, or extension sections or base sec tions of extension.trestle ladders longer than 20 feet Is pro hibited. The total height of base and extension may, how ever, bo more than 20 feet. (2) The minimum dimensions of the side rails of the trestle ladder, or the base sections of the extension trestle ladder, shall be as followst (i) Ladders up to and including those 16 feet long shall have side rails of not less than W it x 2 % Inch lumber. (ii) Ladders over 16 feet long and up to and Including those 20 feet long shall have side ra ils of not less than 1Ms x 3 inch lumber. (3) The side rails of the extension section of the extension trestle ladder shall be parallel and shall have minimum di mensions as follows! . - (i) Ladders up to and including 12 feet long shall, have side rails of not less than 1Me X 2 Vi inch lum ber, ` v (li) Ladders over 12 feet long and up to and including those 16 feet long sh all have side rails of not less than 1Ms x i y 2 inch lumber. . > . . (in] Ladders over 16 feet long and up to and including those 20 feet long shall have side rails of not less than 1M x 2 % inch lumber. (4 ) Trestle ladders and base sections of extension trestle ladders shall be so spread that when in an open position the spread of the trestle at the bottom, inside to inside, shall be not less than 5Vi inches per foot of the length of the ladder. . . j. . : j (5) The width between the side rails at the bottom of the trestle ladder or of the base section of the extension trestle ladder shall be not less than 21 inches for all ladders and 38 i l sections 6 feet or less In length. For longer lengths of lac der the width shall be increased at least 1 Inch for eac additional foot of length. The width between the side rail of the extension section of the trestle ifcdder shall be nc less than 12 Inches. (6 ) In order to limit spreading, the lop ends of the sid rails of bath the trestle ladder and of the base section o the extension trestle ladder shall be beveled, or of equiv alent construction, and shall be provided with a meta hinge. (7) A metal spreader or locking device to hold the iron and back sections in an open position, and to hold the ex tension section securely in the elevated position, shall be i component of each trestle ladder or extension trestle ladder (8 ) Rungs shall be p arallel and level. On the trestle ladder, or on the base section of the extension trestle lad der, rungs shall be spaced not less than 8 inches nor mor< than 18 inches ap art; on the extension section of the ex lension trestle ladder, rungs shall be spaced not less thar 6 Inches nor more than 12 inches apart. (9) Platform planking shaM be in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (h) of this section, except tha the width of the platform planking shall not exceed the distance between the slderails, (10) Backrails and toeboards shall be in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (i) of this section. (e) Painters' suspended scaffolds. (1) The supporting hooks of swinging scaffolds shall be constructed ta be equivalent In strength to mild steel or wrought iron, shall be forged with care,.shall be not less than % inch in diameter, and shall be secured to a safe anchorage at all times. (2) The ropes supporting a swinging scaffold shall be equivalent in strength to first-grade % inch diameter manlta rope properly rigged into a set of standard 6 inch blocks consisting of at least one double and one single block. (3) M anila' and wire ropes shall be carefully examined 39 f before each operolion ond thereafter a i frequently a* may be necessary to ensure their safe condition. {4 } Each end of the scaffold platform shall be supported .................. TABLE E - 2 SPECIFICATIONS FOR SIDE RAILS O f' LADDERS by a wrought Iron or mild steel stirrup or hanger, which in turn Is supported by the suspension ropes. . *'length [In F*l] Cron Mellon (In Inch] . A l ncfi A t c n l r i . (5 ) Stirrups shall be constructed so as lo be equivalent i' in strength to wrought iron % inch in diameter. - (6 ) The stirrups shall be formed with a horizontal bottom member to support the platform, shall be provided with means to support the guardrail and midrorl and shall have 1 3 ,.` ............. 16.............................................. I B . ...................................... IS::::::::::!::::::::::: 1 54 x 2 V, 17. x 2 % 1ft x 3 1ft x 3 1ft x 3 1 ft X 3V4 1 ft X 3 V, 1ft x 4 1ft x .t . 1ft x 4 ft a loop or eye at the lop for securing the supporting hook on the block, (7) Two or more swinging scaffolds shall not at anytime The.tie.rods shall be not less lhan Yis inch, in diameter, lo cated no more than 5 , .feet apart, pass through the rails, be com bined into one by bridging the distance between them with planks or any other form of platform. . . a Si1 \ 1 ( 8 ) No more than two men shall be permitted to work at one time on a swinging scaffold built to the minimum spec ifications contained in this paragraph. Where heavier con struction fs used, the number of men permitted to work on the scaffold shall be determined by the size and the safe working load of the scaffold. (9 ) Backrails and toeboards shall be In accordance with the requirements of paragraph (i) of this section. (1 0 ) The swinging scaffold platform shall be one of the three types described in subparagraphs (1 1), ( 12) and (13) of this paragraph. ' (1 1 ) The ladder-type platform consists of boards upon a horizontal ladder-like structure, referred to herein as the ladder, the side roils of which are parallel. If this type of platform is used the following requirements shall be meh.. (i) The width between the side rails shall he no more than 2 0 inches. (11) The side mils of ladders in ladder-type plalForms shall be equivalent in strength to a beam of d ear straightgrained spruce of the dimensions contained in Table E-2 . (in ) The side rails sh all be tied together with tie rods. 40 tenons^moriised.injo(>the side rolls not less than % inch and shall be spaced no more than 18 inches on centers. / ; (v) Flooring strips shall be spaced no more than % inch apart except at the side rails^ where .1. inch' spacing is per missible.^-; ` *V ... ' ,(yI). Flooring strips shall be cleated on Ihejr undersides. .( 1 2 ) The plank-type platform consists of plonks sup ported on the stirrups or hangers. If this type of platform is'used, the following requirements shall be'met: (i) The planks of plank-type platforms shall be of not less than 2 x 10 inch lumber. (ii) .The platform shall be no more th a n '2 4 inches width.'" s .. . ,, (iii) The plonks shall be tied together by cleats of noj less than 1 x 6 inch lumber, nailed on their undersides at in tervals of not more than 4 feet. ,,(iv ) The planks shall extend not less than 6 inches nor more than .18 . inches beyond the supporting stirrups. (v) A cleat shall be nailed across the platform on the underside at each end outside the stirrup to prevent the plal form from slipping off the stirrup. 41 4'. (vi) Stirrup supports hall be not more than 10 feet . . .... ,, . TABLE ;E - 3 ,. apart. SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF HORSES , (13) The beam-type platform consist* of longitudinal side stringers with cross beam* set on edge and spaced not more ! than 4 feet apart on which longitudinal platform planks are i" laid. If this type platform Is used the following require Structural fTumberl Helflhl In' t.l Up to 10 10 to 1 Inches Inches 16 to 20 taches L ments shall be met (1) The side stringers shall be of sound, straight-grained i lumber, free from knots, and of not less than 2 x 6 inch lumber, set on edge. Legs............................. ............................... Bearers or headers............................ Crossbraces............................................ 2x4. 2 x 6 2x4 or 1x 8 3x4 J 2x8 2x4 4x6 4x6 2x6 k 1 (H) The stringers shall be supported on the stirrups with Longitudinal brace* ................ ... 2x4 2x6 2x6 ) a clear span between stirrups of not more than 16 feet. (4) All horses shall be kept in good repair, and shall be I t (iii) The stringers shall be bolted to the stirrups by properly secured when used in staging or in locations where i U-bolt5 passing around the stirrups and bolted through the they may be insecure. stringers with nuts drawn up tight on the Inside face. ; (5 ) Platform planking shall be [n accordance with the . t . (fvj The ends of the stringers shall extend beyond the stir . requirements a f paragraph (h) of this section. I rups not less than 6 inches nor more than 12 inches at each > J ( 6) Backrals and toeboards; shall be in accordance with i ! end of the platform. paragraph (i) of this section. ? ' (v) ` The platform shall be supported on cross beams of j (g) Other types of scaffolds. (1 ) Scaffolds of a type 2 x 6 inch lumber between the side stringers securely nailed for which specifications are not contained in this section thereto and spaced not more than 4 feet on centers. shall meet the general requirements of paragraphs (a ), (h) (vi) The platform shall be not more than 24 Inches wide. and (i) of this section, shall be in accordance with recog (v) The platform shall be formed of boards % inch in nized principles of design and shall, be constructed in ac thickness by not less than 6 inches in width, nailed tightly cordance with accepted standards covering such equipment. together, and extending to the outside face of the stringers. ; (h) Scaffold or platform planking. (1) Except as otherwise (y ) The ends of all platform boards shall rest on the provided in paragraph (e) ( 1 1 ) and (1 3 ) of this section, top of the cross beam s, shall be securely n ailed , and at platform planking shall be of not less than 2 x 10 inch no intermediate points in the length of the platform shall lumber. Platform planking shall be straight-grained and there be any cantilever ends. free from large or loose knots and may be either rough or (f) Horse scaffolds. ( I ) The minimum dimensions of lum dressed. ber used in the construction of horses shall be in accordance * (2 ) Platforms of staging shall be not less than two 10 with Table E - 3 . inch planks in wrdlh except In such cases as the structure of (2) Horses constructed of materials other than lumber shall provide the strength, rigidity and security required of the vessel or the width of the trestle ladders make it Im horses constructed of lumber. possible to provide such a width. (3) The lateral spread of the legs shall be equal to not (3) Platform plonking shall project beyond the support less than one-third of the height of the horse. ing members at either end by at least 6 inches but in no 4 2 552100 0-60-4 43 - - >' . vi # :# m H i **. ' -v . ' 1 *** J* N i ... : ! * Vi * t v * v * . y : ' : : :t - I iSM i & i case shall project more than 12 Inches unless the plonks are fastened to the supporting members. (4J Table E - 4 shall be used as a guide In determining safe loads for scaffold planks. (i) Sacfcrar/s and foeboards. (1 ) Scaffolding or staging which is supported or suspended more than 8 feet above a solid surface, or at any distance above the water, shall be provided with a railing which has a top rail whose upper surface is from 42 to 4 5 inches above the upper surface of TABLE E - 4 SA FE CENTER LO ADS FOR SCAFFO LD PLANK OF 1 ,1 0 0 POUNDS FIBRE STRESS Lumber dim *m ieni in inch*! Span In * f . t ! ' 6 256 s, 309 -t.8 .1 9 2 232 10 153 186 X 12 ,128 t 55 14 no 133 16 116 (A)-- Rough lumber |B] -- D reu ed lumber 526 395 316 263 225 197 667 807 500 605 400 484 333 404 , 286 346 250 303 the staging, platform or runway ond"a mid-rail located half way between the Upper ra il and the staging,<platform, or runway.. . *i 1 12) Rails shall be of 2 x 4 inch lumber, Tat bar or pip*. When used with rigid supports, taut wire or fiber rope of adequate strength may be used. If the distance between supports is' more than 8 fee!, rails sh all be equivalent in slrength to 2 x 4 inch lumber. Ralls shall be firmly secured. (3) Rails may be omitted where the structure of the ves sel prevents their use. When rails are omitted employees working more than. 8 feet above solid surfaces shall be pro d d ed by safely belts and life lines meeting the require ments of 8 .8 4 (b ), and employees working over water shall be protected by buoyant working vests meeting the re quirements of 8 .8 4 (a ). ... . (4 ) Em ployees^ orking from swinging scaffolds which are triced out of.a vertical line below their supports or from scaffolds on.paint floats subject to surging, shall be pro tected against falling toward the vessel by a railin g or a .Safety belt and line attached to the backrail. : . (5) When necessary,,to. prevent tools and materials from foiling on men below, toeboards of not less than 1 x 4 inch lumber shall be provided. (j) Access to stag in g ... (1 } Access to fixed staging more ihan 5 feet above.a floor, deck or the ground shall consist of well.securfed stairw ays, clealed ramps, fixed or portable ladders.or,rigid type nan-collapsible trestles with parallel and level rungs. , .W ; , (2) Ramps and 'stairw ays'shall. be provided with 36-inch handrails with midrails.-: . (3) The side rails of ladders used for access to staging shall exlend not less than 36 Inches above the top landing. When this is not p ractical, grab rails which w ill provide a secure grip for an employee moving from the ladder to the platform shall be installed. y 5 3 (4) Ladder* shall be so located or other means shall be j* (b) Construction of portable w o o d clea ted ladders up fa taken so that it is not necessary for employees to step more ji. 30 feet in length. (1 ) Wood side rails shall be made from than one foot from the ladder to any Intermediate landing West Coast hemlock, Eastern spruce, Sitka spruce, or wood or platform. of equivalent strength. Material shall be seasoned, straight- (5) Ladders forming integral parts of prefabricated j staging are deemed lo meet the requirements of these j regulations. grained wood, ond.free from shakes, checks, decay or other defects which w ill Impair its strength, . Tho use of low den- sity woods Is prohibited. (2 ) Side rails shall be dressed.on oil sid e s, and kept 8.42 LADDERS free of splinlers. (3) All knots shall be sound and hard. larial conlatning loose knots Is prohibited. The use of ma Knots shall not (a) General requirements. (1 } The use of ladders with broken or missing rungs or steps, broken or split side rails, or other faulty or defective construction is prohibited. When ladders with such defects are discovered they shall be Immediately withdrawn from service. (2) When sections of ladders are spliced, the ends shall be abutted, and not fewer than 2 cleats shall be securely nailed or bolted to each rail. The combined cross sectional area of the cleats shall be not less than the cross sectional area of the side ra il. The dimensions of side rails for their total length shall be those specified in paragraphs (b) or (c) of this section. (3 ) Portable ladders shall be lashed, blocked or other- wise secured to prevent their being displaced. (4 ) Portable metal ladders shall be of strength equiva- I; lent to that of wood ladders. Manufactured portable metal t ladders provided by the em ployer shall be in accordance l with the provisions of the American Standard Safely Code |: for Portable Metal Ladders, A 1 4 .2 . (5 ) Portable metal ladders shall not be used near elec- !' IrTeal conductors. (6 ) Manufactured portable wood ladders provided by the employer shall be in accordance with the provisions of the American Standard Safety Code for Portable Wood Ladders, A 1 4.1 . appear on the narrow face of the rail and, when in the side face, shall be not more than Vl inch In diameter or within 16 Inch of the edge of the rail or nearer than 3 inches to a tread or rung., j . (4) Pilch pockets not exceeding % Inch hi width, 2 inches In length and % Inch in depth are permissible in wood side rails, provided that not more than one such pocket appears in each 4 feet of length. / . ' (5) The width between side rails ot the base shall be not less than 1116 Inches for ladders 10 feet or less in length. For longer ladders this width shall be Increased ot least % Inch for each additional 2 feet of length. (6) Side rails shall be at least 1 % `x 3 y B inches in cross section. (7) Cleats (m eaning rungs rectangular in cross section with the wide dimension p a ralle l to the ra ils) shall be of the material used for side ra ils, str.alght-grained and free from knots. Cleats shall be mortised into the edges of the side rails 16 Inch, or filler blocks shall be used on the rails between the c le a ts ., The cleats shall be secured lo each roil with three 10<l common wire nails or fastened. with through bolts or other fasteners of equivalent strength. Cleats shall be uniformly spaced not more than 1 2 inches apart. 46 47 <* ` y \ r .' "' yi' ggrpy r t ; r p r ~ ;ytv:; iU m -r >1 (8 ) Cleat* 20 inches or less in length lh all be at least lained in safe repair and safely secured shall be used, if x 3 inches fn cross section. Cleat* over 20 Inches but a gangway Is not practicable, a substantial straight ladder, not more than 30 inches in length shall be at least extending at least 36 inches above the Upper landing sur V? 7iA i x 3 inches In cross section, face and adequately secured against shifting or slipping 1 (c) Construction of portable wood elected ladders from shall be provided. When conditions are such that neither 30 to 60 feet in length. (1 ) Ladders from 30 to 0 feet a gangway nor. a straight ladder can be used, a Jacob's in length shall be in accordance with the specification* of ladder meeting the requirements of paragraph (d) ( 1) and paragraph (bj of this section with the following exceptions (2 | of this section may be used. {} Rails shall be of not less than 2 x 6 inch lumber. ' (2) Each side of such gangway, and the turn table if (ii] Cleats shall be of not less than 1 x 4 inch lumber. used, shall have a railing with a minimum height of ap (Iii) Cleats shall be nailed to each rail with five tenpenny proximately 33 inches measured perpendicularly from rail common wire nails or fastened with through bolts or other fastenings.of equivalen! strength,! 8.43 GUARDING OF DECK OPENINGS ! (a) When employees are working in the vicinity of flush manholes and other small openings of comparable size In the deck end other working surfaces, such openings shall be suitably covered or guarded to a height of not less than 30 inches, except where the use of such guards is made Impracticable by the work actually in progress. * ; -,| I {b) When employees ore working around open hatches not protected by coamings to a height of 24 inches ? or around other large openings, the edge of the opening shall be guarded in the working area to a height of 36 to 42 inches, except where the use of such guards is made impracticable by the work actually in progress. -|i to walking surface at the stanchion, with a mid-rail. Rails shall be of wood, pipe; chain, wire, or rope and shall be kept taut at all .times. (3) Gangways on vessels inspected and certificated by the U.S. Coast Guard are deemed to meet the foregoing requirements, except in cases where the vessel's regular gangway is not being used. .., .. j (4) The gangway shall be kept properly trimmed at atl times. . 4 ? .. (5) When a fixed tread accommodation ladder is used, and the angle is law enough to require employees to walk on the edge of the treads, cleated duck-boards shall be laid over and secured to the ladder. . { 6 ) When the lower end of a gangway overhangs the water between the ship and the dock in such a manner that there is danger; of employees falling between the ship and the dock, a net. or other suitable protection shall be rigged 8.44 at the foot of the gangway in such a manner as to prevent ACCESS TO VESSELS employees from jailing from the end of the gangway, (a} Access to vessels afloat. The employer shall not permit employees to board or leave any vessel, except a barge or fiver towboat, until the following requirements have been met: {1] Whenever practicable, a gangway of not less than ( 7) If the fqot of the gangway is more than one foot away from the edge of the apron, the space between them shall be bridged by a firm walkway equipped with railings, with a minimum height of approximately 33 inches with mid-rails on both sides. 20 inches walking surface, of adequate strength, main- 48 49 --'v -v r;:rrr'- rv - i * I ; V; : / v .. : : i T , " %t M:' % 1*.; :# ? ... : v , ; . . ,;C. v=; * . v i j S g 8 K * i r - i ; -k m .* ; V ` i s : Ja ' V i " i h & J m r - :M ` (8 ) Supporting bridles shall be kept clear so as to per mit unobstructed passage for employees using the gangway. (9) When the upper end of the means of access rests on or flush with the top of the bulwark, substantial steps prop erly secured and equipped with at least one substantial, handrail approximately 33 inches fn height shall be provided between the top of the bulwark and the deck. (1 0 ) Obstructions shall not be la id on or across the gangway. '(1 1 )' The means of access shall be adequately illum i nated for its full length. * (12) Unless the construction of the vessel makes it Im possible, the means of^access shall be so located that drafts of cargo do not pass over it. In any event loads shall not be passed over the means of access while employees are an it. ' ' ' ' (b) Access to vessels in cfrydock or between vessels. Gangways meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) (1), (2 ), (9 ), ( 0 ) , (1 1 ) a f this section shall be provided for access from wing w all to vessel or, when two or more ves sels, other than barges or river towboats, are lying abreast, from one vessel to another. (c) Access fo barges and river towboats. ( 1) Ramps far access of vehicles to or between barges shall be of adequate strength, provided with side boards, well maintained and properly secured. , (2) Unless employees con step safely to or from the wharf, float, barge, or river towboat, either a ramp in ac cordance with the.requiremenfs of paragraph ( 1) or a safe walkway in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (a) (7 ) of this section shall be provided. When a walkway Is impracticable, a substantial straight ladder, extending at least 36 Inches above the upper landing surface and ade quately secured against shifting or slipping shall be pro vided. When conditions are such that neither a walkway nor straight ladder can be used, o Jaco b's ladder in ac- 50 cordance with the requirem ents'of paragraph (d) of this section may be used. / ^ (3) The means of access shall be In accordance with the requirements of paragraph (a) (9 ), ( 1 0 ) and ( 1 1 ) of this section. (d) Jacob's fodders. (1) Jacob's ladders shall be of the double rung or flat tread typs^' They shall be well main tained and properly secured. (2 ) A Jacob's ladder* shall either hang without slack from its lashings or be pulled up entirely. 8.45 ACCESS TO' AND GUARDING OF DRY DOCKS (a) A gangw ay, ramp or permanent stairw ay of not less than 20 inches walking surface, of adequate strength, main tained in safe repair and securely fastened, shall be pro vided between a floating dry dock and the pier or bulk head, (b) Each side o f . such gangway, ramp or' permanent sta irw a y , Including those which are used for access to wing w alls from dry dock floors, shall have a railing with a mid-rail. Such railings on gangways or ramps shall be approximately 42 inches in height; and railings on per manent, slq irw ay ssh a ll be not less than approxim ately 30 or m ore-thoh.apprcxirn'ately 34 Inches in height. Rails shall be of wood, pipe, chain, w ire, or rope and shall be kept faut at all times. (c) Railings meeting the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section shall be provided on the means of access lo and from the floors .of graving docks. (d) Railings approxim ately 42 inches In height, with a mid-rail, shall be provided on the edges of wing walls of floating dry docks and on the edges of graving docks. Sections of the railings may be temporarily removed where necessary to permit line handling while a vessel is entering or leaving the dock. 51 ' * ' % ,'T " ~- T ' . ; i .* i m 1 (e) When employee ore working on Ihe floor of a float- ing dry dock where they ore exposed to the hazard of fall ing Into the water, the end of the dry dock shall be V equipped with portable stanchions and 42-inch railin g s with a mid-rail. When such a railing would be Impractical or ineffective, other effective means shall be provided to pre vent men from falling into the water. 8.4 ACCESS TO CARGO SPACES [} There shall be of least one safe and accessible ladder In any cargo space which employees must enter. (b} When any fixed ladder is visibly unsafe, the em ployer shall prohibit its use by employees. (c) Straight ladders of adequate strength and suitably I secured against shifting or slipping shall be provided as necessary when fixed ladders in cargo spaces do not meet Ihe requirements of paragraph (a). When conditions are j such that a straight ladder cannot be used, a Jacob's ladder meeting Ihe requirements of 8.44(d) may be used. (d) When cargo is slowed within 4 inches of the back of ladder rungs, the ladder shall be deemed "unsafe" for the j purpose of this section. SUBPART F-- GENERAI WORKING CONDITIONS I 8.51 H O U SEK EEP IN G (a) Good housekeeping conditions shall be maintained at : all times. Adequate aisles and passageways shall be main tained in all work areas. A ll staging platforms, ramps, stairways, walkways, aisles, and passageways on vessels or dry docks shall be kept clear of all debris such as welding rod tips, bolls, nuts, and similar material. Welding leads, j burner hose and air hose in aisles or passageways shall be elevated over or placed under the w alkw ay surfaces or covered by cross-over planks. 52 (b) All working areas on vessels and dry docks shall be kept reasonably free of debris, and construction malerial shall bo so piled as not to present a hazard to employee. (c) Slippery conditions on walkway or working surface shall be eliminated as they occur. (d) Free access shall be maintained at a ll times to all exits and to all fire-alarm boxes or fire-extinguishing equip ment. : * (e) All oils, paints, thinner*, solvents, w aste, rags, or other flammable substances shall be kept in fire resistant covered containers when not in use. | 8.52 . ; ILLUMINATION (a). Ail meant of access and walkways leading to working areas as well as the .working areas themselves shall be a d e quately illuminated. . (b) Temporary lights shall meet the follow ing require ments: l (1) Temporary lights shall be equipped with guards to _ prevent accidental contact with the bulb, except that guards are not required when the construction of the reflector is such that the bulb is deeply recessed. , (2) Temporary lights shall be equipped with heavy duty electric cords with connections and insulation maintained in safe condition. Temporary lights shall not be suspended by their eledric cords unless cords and lights are designed for this means of suspension. ..(3J-Cords shall be kept clear of working spaces and walkways or other locations in which they are readily ex posed to damage. , 1 (c) Exposed non-current-carrying metal parts of tempo rary lights furnished by the employer shall be grounded either through a third wire in the cable containing the cir cuit conductors or through separate wire which is grounded at the source of the current. Grounding shall be in accordance with the requirements of 8 .7 2 (b ). 53 i a. V -f ? . \( ! I t y- .-i?; ; . it- J ;# 'Ms- $4 (d) Where temporary fighting from sources outside the vessel is the only means of illumination, portable emergency lighting equipment shall be availab le to provide illumina tion for safe movement of employees. (e) Employees shall not be permitted to enter dark spaces without a suitable' portable light. The use of matches and open flame lights is prohibited. In non-gas free spaces, portable lights shall meet the requirements of 8.1 2(b). 8.53 UTILITIES (a) Steam supply and hoses. (1 ) Prior to supplying a ves sel with steam from a source outside the vessel, the em ployer shall ascertain from responsible vessel's represent atives, having knowledge of the condition of the plant, the safe working pressure of the vessel's steam system. The employer shall install a pressure gauge and a relief valve of proper size and capacity at the point where the tempo rary steam hose joins the vessel's steam piping system or systems. The relief valve shall be set and capable of re lieving at a pressure not exceeding the safe working pres sure of the vessel's system in its present condition, and there shall be no means of isolating the relief valve from the system which It protects. The pressure gauge and relief valve shall be located so as ta be visible and read ily accessible. (2) Steam hose and fittings shall have a safety factor of not less than five (5). (3) When steam hose is hung in a bight or bights, the weight shall be relieved by appropriate lines. The' hose shall ba protected against ch afin g .' (4) Steam hose shall be protected from damage and shall be so shielded where passing through normal work areas as !o prevent accidental contact by employees. (b) Electric power. (1) When the vessel is supplied with 54 electric power from a source outside the vessel, the follow ing precautions shall be taken prior to energizing the ves sel's circuils! 10 If In dry dock, the vessel shall be adequately grounded. (H) The employer shall ascertain from responsible ves sel's representatives, having a knowledge of the condilion of the vessel's electrical system, that a ll circuits to be en ergized are in a safe condition. 8.54 W ORK IN CONFINED OR ISOLATED SPACES When any work is performed in a confined space, except as provided in 8 .3 1(b)(3), or when an employee is working alone in an isolated location, frequent checks shall be made to ensure the safety of the employees. 8.55 W ORK ON OR IN THE VICIN ITY OF RADAR AND RADIO (a) No employees shall be permitted to work on masts, king posts or other aloft areas unless the rad ar and rad io are secured and lagged. (b) Testing of radar or radio shall not be done until the emptoyer can schedule such tests at a time when no work is in progress. aloft or personnel can be cleared from the danger area according to minimum safe distances estab lished for and based on the type, model, and power of the equipment. 8.56 . t W ORK IN' OR ON LIFEBOATS (a) Before employees are permitted to work in or on a lifeboat, either stowed or in a suspended position, the em ployer shall ensure that precautions have been token to pre vent the boat from falling due to accidental tripping of the 55 , `f i f c ' l ; l ' I f ' ' 7.-. ' ' } ' ;* . l i t . ! W t l K - -< it s * ,; l jrf i f e i i- M * t? ! f s releasing gear, movement of Ihe davits or capsuing of a boat in chocks. (b) Employees shall not be permitted to remain in boats while Ihe boats are being hoisted into final slowed position. 8.57 ' HEALTH AND SANITATION (a) The employer shall provide adequate washing facilities for employees engaged In Ihe application of paints or coat ings or in other operations where contaminants can, by in gestion or absorption, be detrimental to the health of the employee. ' The employer shall encourage good personal hygiene practices by informing the employees of the need for removing surface contaminants by thorough washing of hands and face prior to eating or smoking. (b) The employer shall not permit eating or smoking in areas undergoing surface preparation or preservation, (c) The employer shall not permit employees to work in the immediate vicinity of uncovered garbage and shall in sure that employees working beneath or on the outboard side of a vessel are not subject to contamination by drain age or waste from overboard discharges. 8.58 ' FIRST AID (a) Unless a first aid room and a qualified attendant re close at hand and prepared la render first aid to employees on behalf of the employer, the employer shall furnish a first aid kit far each vessel on which work is being performed, except that when work is being performed on more than one small vessel at one pier, only one kit shall be required. The kit, when required, shall be kept close to the vessel and at least one employee, close at hand, shall be qualified to administer first aid to the injured. {b} The first aid kit shall consist of a weatherproof con tainer with individual sealed packages for each type of 56 Item. The contents of such kit sh all contain a sufficient quantity of at least the following types of Items: ' Gauze roller bondages, 1 Inch ond 2 Inch. Gauze compress bandages, A Inch. Adhesive bandages, 1 inch. Triangular bondage, 40 Inch. Ammonia Inhalants and ampules. Antiseptic opplleolars or swnbs. . Burn dressing. \ Eye dressing. Wire or thin board splints. Forceps and tourniquet. 1 ' ( . > : - (c) The contents of the first aid kit shall be checked be fore being sent out on each job to insure that the expended items are replaced. . . , (d) There shall be a v a ila b le for each vessel on which ten (10) or more employees are working one Stokes basket stretcher, or equivalent, permanently equipped with bridles for oltaching to the hoisting gear, except that no more than two stretchers are required on each job location. Stretch ers shall be kept close to the vessels. This paragraph does not apply where ambulance services carry such stretchers. 'i s *' 1 -- * ' " *!*:*-' ' * --I V .ijV :V.- SUBPART G -G E A R and EQUIPMENT fo r RIGGING and M ATERIALS HANDLING 8.61 ; - :t * - t , : -'t ? IN S P E C TIO N . ;. , . (a) All gear and equipment provided by the employer for rigging and. materlols handling shall be inipecled before each use and, when necessary, at intervals during its use to ensure that it is safe. (b) The safe working load of gear as specified in 8 .6 2 through 8 .6 6 shall not be exceeded. 57 \ W M&t' . [ i i ' ***.' #i ; iS V & ! V . . v j hv`u i  8.62 M ANILA ROPE AND M AN ILA ROPE SUNGS Table G - l shall be used to determine the safe working load of various sizes of manila rope and manila rope slings at various angles, except that higher safe working loads are permissible when recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products, provided that a safely factor of not less than five (5 ) is maintained. 8.63 W IRE ROPE AND W IRE ROPE SLINGS (a) Tables G - 2 through G - 5 shall be used to determine the safe working loads of various sizes and classificalionl of improved plow steel wire rape and wire rope slings with various types of terminals. For sizes, classifications and grades not included in these tables, the safe working load recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable- products shall be followed, provided that a safety factor of;- not less than five {5] is maintained, - (bj Protruding ends of strands in splices on slings end l bridles shall be covered or blunted. ] ' (c) Where U-bolt wire rope clips are used to form eyei, ; Table G -6 shall be used to determine the number and spac-. tng of clipsi ; The U-bolt shall be applied so that the '`IT section is in contact with the dead end of the rope. . (d) Wire rope shall not.be secured by knots, 8.64 CHAINS AND CHAIN SLINGS Z 01**;; (a) Tables G - 7 and G - 8 shall be used to determine thi^. working load limit of various sizes of wrought iron and ' alloy steel chains and chain slings, except that higher Safe ; working loads are permissible when recommended by the ; manufacturer for specific, identifiable products. (b) All sling chains, including end fastenings, shall b. given a visual inspection before being used on the job, A OND O...O....O...O....O...O....O...O....O...O....D...M....r..t.......5..N...< DH*tO HM N ntflUW O niaiHHH HH rtN O rt l o M o n n u n o o ooaoo< 3 S n H n flS H <D'4 H ! fg * lO h m m iflo o O D Q O t.H n m H n n 'f o o o o o D o a D o n n o m iuUiSia N MM ^ ffl NH NOMhnOin'ininDininooojfOiin'fii..iH....H....H....H....H...M... N on HHHH ** o 5? W t- O O *1 HHH lrtHW rt H 3 5 7 ^ PJ VNV N M w rlH f) HHM Hu uS I t I I I III III I I tJVt f F A T T D C A P A C IT IE S r0 R w ,1V r ^ o p b (f* TA BLV Q-1 vlt 200w f*>aa l i ) n nn* D in . I mCDOU SINGLE u :G V ertical A _____ B_____ I C A * 1/4" 3/8" 1 / 2 11 1 5/8" 3/4" 7/8" 1" 1-1/8" .5 9 1 .3 2 .3 3 .e . 5 .1 6 .9 9 .0 11. 6x19 CLASSIFICATION .5 0 1 .2 2 .2 3 .4 4 .9 6 .6 9 ,5 10. 53 i .i 2 .0 3 .0 4 .2 . 5 ,5 _ 7 .2 9 .0 .4 4 .9 8 1 .7 2 .7 3 .8 5 ,2 6 .7 8 .5 w i r * * p- > * * * Choker 1B c .42 .93 ! 1 .6 2 ,5 3 ,6 4 ,9 6 ,4 7 .8 .40 .8 6 1 .5 2 .2 3 .1 4 .1 5 ,4 6 .8 1-1/4" 1-3/8" 1-1/2" 1-3/4" 2" 2-1/4" 13. 16. 19. 26. 33 * 41. 6x37 CLASSIFICATION 12. 10. 9 .9 15. 13. 12. 17. 15. 14. 24 20. 19. 30. 26. 25. . 36. 39. 31. 9 .2 n. 13. 18. 23 29. 7 .9 9 .0 11. 15. 20. 25. (A> - S o c k e t o r S t a g e d T e r m i n a l a t t a c h m e n t * <B) - M e c h a n i c a l S l e e v e a t t a c h m e n t , (C) - Hand Tucked S p li c e a tta ch m e n t 5 S n b * S & Q Ku *J j *a0 E 5 * |S a s* 23* H 3 S 5u d P M H U u e. d - < o n m M Wi Ss * l ; a a <n o 1 40 o jP H 3H 44 U m > a Q A A4 U a -h n tf a h n n o o c j CIO u LO OMHt AVM1 m ...... i. HM H f < 0 0 i < O*rt* M W H. O SO* H M rtnA H H ot o r* to 05 H N fflt o n r H H 1 NtflHeon H ttfO W N O hh p> Sc oariHtetoa < oH i h n ft h n o s H iH 3M H wo t n n o & nnm hdsno HH 5N , ai H bo 01 ^ 3 e * 03 nnm aHM tfl 3, H HH to o n o e iA !< H M <0 B0 Cl O HrH OflftOB i * 4 t l O H M O O oiH f H H H ff tfvn ^ ^ -tHCI fi w io w < H H Kfi / / " in H fln s h 2 i H H * s O rt rt o tort HHH N ri ui h>h>a io H H H n rjn ' n o o san n H M H N ttt 4 f - I . H H nw nv t* h *1 ri ri * Hci N n f * O M MMOhO H W W fltfl IH (3 N O f l O S w HNHno 03 3u h o o h no N iw ntuso nM to i rjB n th n M Ctntflt- hiij' o h n o d n n vo e U 1 u 4 M4J < SS 35-S q U c< Tl d 4- fl *2 O is * H ^Q -a ? i { BOH mi a ...... t ci s N w ntiflt to d t O r t O O w n n w to 22"5 -3 s p<1 hh 4 X fili U U H S iS S i tt w< tawa H M H n pH l i l i: l HHHHW 60 iit 61 N0.3A----- 0 Vi * z*z .r s# .Mi. . \ *, . ' V '.v'ij ' * *4 rw. v.*>? i# j if.!! / v ? s* . . * . : ii.fi w f , ' y > . : N '* i f 1*. : .f , I V Lo Ji - Y .!>-.{ - . ; itft ' :' *1.1. ; v 4 i : - *ys 1 1j* i y*J r.< * * v C :` j t .> : * .-Jft * l* / t .4 ^ I'M * 1 * ) . <V- 1 r l ; V :; *. 1 J* m 1 \ t ' o hJ t !.. ___ V f f. . .% . *4* 0 *-' ** & * 1. Oh CJ IU T*D Ropo i. . laches TADLB a-4 CA PACITIES ro n JMTRCVKU PLOW l r m < H O P* AND Y IR S ROVE BUHO S | t s loM ( ZflCfl p.gi>4.) SINGLE LEG V ertical A B C A TID KR COR, w in ,,C h o k e r i 1 B_______ C 1/4 3/B 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/S 1 1-1/8 .5 5 1 .2 2 .1 3 .3 4 .8 6 .4 8 .4 10. 6x19 .0 1 1 1 .1 2 .0 3 .1 4 .4 5 .9 7 .7 9 .5 CLASSIFICATION .4 9 1 .1 1 .8 2 .8 3 .9 5 .1 6 .7 8 .4 .41 .91 1 .6 2 .5 3 .6 4 .8 6 .3 7 .9 .85 1 .5 2 .3 3 .3 4 .5 5 .8 7 .1 .37 .80 1 .4 2 .1 2 .9 3 .9 5 .0 8.3 1-1/4 12. 1-3/8 15. 1-1/2 17. 1-3/4; 24, 2 31. 6x37 CLASSIFICATION 11. 9 .8 9 .2 13. 12. 11. 16. 14. 13. 21. 19. 18. 29, 25. 23. 8.3 10. 12. 16. 21. 7 .4 6 ,9 10. 14. 18. I (A) - S o ck e t o r Swaged T e r n la .il a tta ch m e n t. (B) - M e ch a n ic a l s l e e v e a tta ch m e n t. (C) - Band -Tucked S p l i c e a tta c h m e n t. ( W S - 4- I ao s lj s* U9 Sh l Q3 IS 3 O ~ g a o h au 2 3 J U w 1 ' o X P) DW u <D %<o ** u M B L* s<J M9 <f 1l Ml t i i < r i H t t CO i S H O H f na t <. .n r lN n f n t-o i n noH O Bft a H H P Ifi tO O N Boom n ii . ci a h n * a HH nN rtrt t-t*O t" P*rl a H flf WONB HH u> n ie n n a q a a i I l h n 4 <o co H * 0w ei 4 n <a a a a a a H O B N O n tS H rl H w U Ol rlt IB PI aataaaa'a N M B B HH Ht Hc) m # r l t " 0 to a a a >a a a * N H < U -HO Hn rHl o n iin B aaaaaaaa H N n B B N Ifl l HHH h 4 n t m aaaaaaaa H N BBnnhH H H (I WW h n h o n t? hl HH to a di p i 4 o> o r l r l H PI ata* h n h <a HHHNn Cl W t- 4 H H H rlK f) H H N CID a oi rl o a H rlN B O a a aa H M N nf tHa Ho Ni nant * aaa Hn nwt >n Mn toi . ral Ba Oa H' a Da N N n tn on 4n 9n0cnocf* Pi l > N f i n pi n r a f n aa aa nannei M n ra 4 to inn H H rlK N a4 4>M>**A NO 1i l lOB +4* G +a *. M 4 4 H a uC U S-H ss- S S "w h H*MC o oo * H J 3 ,3 - a 0 U t SSS I I I 4 HU TABLE G-6 NUMBER AND SPACING OF U-BOLT WIRE ROPE CLIPS T A B L E 0-7 (In 2000 rfiO O TH T IRO N C H A IN pound o r to n o f p o u n d s ) Improved Plow Steel, fiop* Dtameler, Inches y ^ . . ; ................................................ ....................... Number o f Clip* Drop Forged O th .r Material 3 4 M in im u m Spacing, Inches 3 Ho b I d bI 31z C h ain sto ck lo c h . S l a g l e L* i T. 60 A 43 A 30 /A % .................................................................................... 3 4 3 ft 7/8 1060 1835 - 1500 1060 % ..................................................................................... 4 5 4 ft 5/18 1653 2885 - 2340 less f t . . ; ........................................................................ 4 5 5 ft 3/8 2385 2 .1 3370 2383 l ....................................................................................... 4 6 6 ; * 7/10 3260 2 .8 2 .3 3250 i ' / . ................................................................................. 5 6 6 ft 1/3 2 .1 3 ,7 ` 3 .0 2 .1 i f t ................................................................................. 5 7 7 ft * 9/18 2 .7 4 .6 5/8 3 .3 3 .7 3 .B 2 .7 4 .7 3 .3 y I f t . . : .................................................................... 6 7 8 ft 3/4 . 4 .8 8 .3 0 .7 4 .8 1 f t . . . ..................................................................... 6 8 9 7/8 6 .5 1 1 .2 9 .2 6 .5 1 8 .5 1 4 .7 1 2 .0 8 .5 1-1/8 3 0 .0 1 7 .3 1 4 .2 1 0 .0 1-3/4 1 2 .4 2 1 .4 1 7 .5 1 2 .4 thorough inspedion of all chains in use shall be mads every 1-3/8 1 5 .0 2 5 .9 2 1 .1 1 9 .0 3 months. Each chain shall bear an indication of Ihe month 1-1/2 1-3/0 1 7 .8 2 0 .9 3 0 .8 3 0 .2 2 3 .2 2 9 .3 1 7 .8 2 0 .9 in which it was thoroughly inspected. The thorough inspec . 1-3/4 2 4 ,2 4 2 .0 3 4 .3 2 4 .2 1-7/8 . 27.0 4 7 .9 39 .1 . 27 .6 tion shall include inspection for wear, defective welds, de 2 - 31.0 - 64.8 4 4 .0 3 1 .6 formation and increase in length or stretch. 1 {c) Interlink wear, not accompanied by stretch in excess of 5 percent, shall be noted and the chain removed from s'er/ice when maximum allowable wear at any point of link, 'as Indicated in Table G - 9 , has been reached. (d ) Chain slings shall be removed from service when, T h sso s iz e s o f w rought Iro n c h a in a r do lo n g e r n u fa o tn re d in tho U n ite d S t a t e . ;due to stretch, the increase in length of a measured section exceed s five (5) percent; when a link is bent, twisted or .otherwise damaged; or when raised scarfs or defedive welds appear. (e) A ll repairs to chains shall be made under qualified supervisio n, '- lin k s or portions of the chain found to be defective as described in paragraph (d) of this section shall I .\ ; v 'J AI be replaced by links having proper dimensions and made of material sim ilar to that of the chain. Before repaired chains are returned to service, they shall be proof tested to the proof test load recommended by the manufacturer. 64 65 TABLE G-9 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WEAR AT ANY POINT OF LINK C hain l i t * In 1nch*t Maximum allow abU w ear In fiaclim i of InchM Vl 4 ........... Y i........... K ........... ft........ l ............. lft.... lft.... W*. . . . 3/64 5/64 7/64 9/64 5/32 11/64 3/16 7/32 '/ * 9/32 5/16 11/32 (f) Wrought Iron chains in constant use sh all be an nealed or normalized at intervals not exceeding six months when recommended by the manufacturer. The chain manu facturer shall be consulled for recommended procedures for annealing or normalising. A lloy chains shall never be annealed. (g) A load shall not be lifted with a chain having a kink or knot In if. A chain shall not be shortened by bolting, wiring or knotting. 8.65 . y . SHACKLE5 (a) Table G - 1 0 shall be used to determine the safe work ing loads of various sizes of shackles, except that higher safe working loads are permissible when recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products, provided that a safety factor of not less than five (5 } is maintained. 66 67 r X. .> K/ ' * \ .** : : f ' i v<v# y i *jV . a . v,4 rW V . : *4 ` V' :m: `V ** [v .- . * v : V f'V I W' -f " . M1! f ; : V - - :i;v - ` fi*. S.l'-'.j. ;/ ; r - 1 * -yf .r I )k*\ . : J 4 ... . * ' t .`*#.1v i1. *a)4*' . . . fc J i r rV-.,4 v1 ' if ; V s i # r ' !* '* * .: . c* .Iv jA 'il ; n im - .jj 1 TABLE G - 1 0 SAFE WORKING LOADS FOR SHACKLES [In Ion* of 2 0 0 0 pound] Malarial ilia (Indiei) y , ......................................... ............................................................................ f t . . , . ; ...............................................................................................- ft. . . ................................... ..................... f t . ................................................ ............................................................. 1 ........................................................................................................................ 1 f t ................................................................................................................... 1 f t ............................................................................................................... 1 f t , ; .......................................................................................................... 1 f t ................................................................................................................... 1 f t ....................................................................................... . 2 ........................................................................................................................ Pin diamlf tlncSai) ft ft ft 1 1 ft 1 ft 1 ft 1 ft 1 ft 2 2 ft S a f* work ing lood 1 ,4 2^2 3 .2 4 .3 5 .6 6 .7 8 .2 1 0 .0 1 1 .9 1 6 .2 2 1 .2 8.66 HOOKS () The manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed in determining the safe working loads of the various sires and types of specific and identifiable hooks. A ll hooks for which no applicable m anufacturer's recommendations are available shall be tested to twice the intended safe working load before they are in itia lly put into use. The employer shall m aintain a record of the dotes and results of such tests. lb) Loads shalt be ap plied to the throat of the hook since loading the point overstresses and bends or springs the hook. (c) Hooks shall be inspected periodically to see that they have not been bent by overloading. Bent or sprung hooks shall not be used. 68 8.67 CHAIN FALLS (o) Chain falls shall be clearly marked to show the capacity, and the capacity shall not be exceeded. (b) Chain falls shall be regularly inspected to ensure that they are safe, particular attention being given to the lift chain, the sheaves, pinion, and hooks for distortion and wear. , - , - ! (c) Straps, shackles, and the beam or overhead structure to which a chain fall is secured shall be of adequate strength to support the weight of load and gear which will be applied. . 8.68 USE OF GEAR (a) Loads shall be safely rigged before being hoisted. (b) Plates shall be handled on and off hulls by means of shackles whenever possible. ` Clips or pads of am ple size shall be welded to the plate to receive the shackle pins when there are no holes in the plate. When it is not pos sible to make holes ?n or to weld pads to the plate, allig a tor tongs, grab hooks, grab clamps or screw clamps may be used. In such cases special precautions shall be taken to keep employees from under such lifts, (c) Tag lines shall be provided on loads likely to swing or to need guidance.'-: .'.-5 '- ' llS * # : (d) When slings are secured to,eye-bolts, the slings shall be so arranged, using spreaders if necessary, that the pull is within 20 degrees of the axis of the bolt. (e) Slings shall be pacjded where they pass over sharp edges or corners of loads to prevent cutting or kinking. (f) Skips shall be rigged to be handled by not less than 3 legged bridles, and all legs shall always be used. When open end skips are used, means shall be taken to prevent the contents from falling. 69 ---- 7v. . vr.-.wi. ;!i . . w 4 ;[! . r. tW' i ` -*i [ i p its r , * :. i.' i **l** (g) Bolh ends of idle slings shall be secured Jo the hooks, (h) Employees sholl no! be permitted lo ride the hook or the load. 8.69 Q UALIFICATIO N S OF O PERATO RS (a ) When ship's gear is used to hoist materials aboard, a competent person shall determine that the gear is properly rigged, that it is in safe condition, and that it w ill not be overloaded by the sire and weight of the lift. (b) O nly those employees who understand the signs, notices, and operating instructions, and are fam iliar with the sig n al code in use, sh all be perm itted to operate a crane, winch, ar other power operated hoisting apparatus. (c) No employee known to have defective uncorrected eyesight or hearing, or to be suffering from heart disease, epilepsy, or sim ilar ailments which may suddenly incapac itate him, shall be permitted to operate a crane, winch or other power operated hoisting apparatus. (d) No minor under eighteen (1 8 ) years of age shall be em ployed in occupations involving the. operation of any power-driven hoisting apparatus ar assisting in such opera tions by work such as hooking on, loading slings, rigging gear, etc. 8.71 PO W ER TO O LS; GENERAL PRECAUTIONS (a) Hand lines shall be provided to handle tools and mate rials so that employees can have their hands free when using ladders. The use of hoses or power cables for. this purpose shall be prohibited. (b) W hen air tools of the reciprocating type are not in use, the dies and tools shall be removed. 70 (c) All portable, power-driven circular saws shall be equipped with guards above and below the.*baso plate or shoe. The upper guard sholl cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to permit the base lo be tilled for beyel cuts. The lower gUard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the mini mum arc required to allo w proper retraction and contact with the work. When the tool Is withdrawn from the work, the lower guard shall automatically and instantly return lo Ihe covering position, (d) The moving parts of machinery on dry docks shall be guarded. < - 8.72 PORTABLE ELECTRIC TO O LS (a) The frames of portable electric foals an d ap pliances shall be grounded either through a third w ire in the cable containing the circuit conductors or through a separate wire which is grounded at the source of the current. (b) Grounding circuits, other than by means of the struc ture of ihe vessel on which the tool is being used, shall be checked to ensure that the circuit between the ground and the grounded power conductor has resistance which is low anough to permit sufficient current to flow to couse Ihe fuse or circuit breaker to interrupt the current. (c) Portable electric tools which are held in the hand shall be equipped with switches of a type which must be manually held in the closed position. (d) Worn or frayed electric cables shall not be used. (e) The employer ^hall notify the officer in charge of Ihe vessel before usings electric power tools operated with the vessel's current. 8.73 . HAND TOOLS (a) Employers shall not Issue or permit the use of unsafe hand tools. __ ' ; *: ' .*5 , x e'.l* ^y. i W 'i p p ^ n - *T"-- , , t * ' *' if 'A'-.' V{*`?i. " -I ,.*J f 4:> ' i f e i 7 J ;; :V . % : s .v.v, p V . . i } ; ..* | 7 $ - ' zt*'w m m * .$tu .t; 4 J\t } ;M J > : ' !t . . : !' C ' t v il -, ' ; $ > t-l * ffcrC+rt ` :\ Mr m - . 8 .- i i 1 i u v r1 1! T (b) Wrenches, including crescent, pipe, end and socket wrenches, shall not be used when [aws are sprung to the point that slippage occurs. (c) Impact tools, such as drift pins, wedges, and chisels, shall be kept free of mushroomed heads. (d) The wooden handles of tools shall be kept free of splinters or cracks and shall be kept tight in the tool. 8.74 . ABRASIVE WHEELS (a) Floor stand and bench mounted abrasive wheels used for external grinding shall be provided with safety guards (protection hoods). The maximum angular exposure of the grinding wheel periphery and sides shall be not more than 90 degrees, except that when work requires contact with the wheel below the horizontal plane of.the spindle, the angular exposure shall not exceed 125 degrees. In either case the exposure shall begin not more than 65 degrees above the horizontal plane oF the spindle. Safety guards shall be strong enough to withstand the effect of a bursting wheel. (b) Floor and bench mounted grinders shall be provided with work rests which are rigidly supported and readily ad justable. Such work rests shall be kept a distance not to exceed Ya inch from the surface of the wheel, (c) All portable abrasive wheels used for external grind ing shall be provided with safety guards (protection hoods) meeting the requirements of paragraph (e) of this section, except as follows* (1) When the work location makes if impossible, in which case a wheel equipped with safety flanges as de scribed in paragraph (f) of this section shall be used. (2) When wheels 2 inch'es or less in diameter which are securely mounted on the end of a steel mandrel are used. 72 i i v .: (d) Portable abrasive wheels used for Internal grinding hail be provided with safety flanges (protection flanges) meeting the requirements of paragraph (f) of this section, except as follows! (1) When wheels 2 inches or less In diameter which ore securely mounted on the end of a steel mandrel are used, (2) If the wheel is entirely within the work being ground while in use. (e) When safety guards are required, they shall be so mounted as to maintain proper alignment with the wheel, and the guard and its fastenings shall be of sufficient strength to retain fragments of the wheel in case of acci dental breakage. The maximum angular exposure of the grinding wheel periphery and sides shall not exceed 180 degrees. (f) When safety flanges are required, they shall be used only with wheels designed to fit the flanges. O nly safety flanges of a type and design and properly assembled so as to insure that the pieces of the wheel will be retained in case of accidental breakage shall be used. (g) All abrasive wheels shall be closely inspected and ring tested before mounting to en su reth at they are free from cracks or defects, (h) Grinding wheels shall fit freely on the spindle and shall not be forced on. The spindle nut shall be tightened only enough to hold the wheel in place. (i) The power supply shall be sufficient to maintain the rated spindle speed under all conditions of normal grind ing. The rated maximum speed of the wheel shall not be exceeded. , I (j) All employees^using abrasive wheels shall be pro tected by eye protection equipment in accordance with the requirements of 8.01 (a) and (b), except when adequate eye protection is afforded by eye shields which are perma nently attached to the bench or floor stand. 73 t ?t n :M M i>tj ' * 7 A t A i.V ^ l* ' `JIrI Wi ^ v*&'*#*f*Jcn, w 7 - . " r m } l ,T.;> f  8.75 POWDER ACTUATED TOOLS (a) Genera/ precaution*. (1) Powder actuated tools shall be tested each day before loading to ensure that the safe!/ devices are in proper working condition. Any tool found not to be In proper working order shall be Immediately removed from service until repairs are made. (2) Powder actuated tools shall not be used in an ex plosive or flammable atmosphere. (3) All tools shall be used with the lype of shield or muzzle guard appropriate for a particular use. (4) Fasteners shall not be driven Into very hard or brittle materials, such as cast iron, glazed tile, surface hardened steel, glass black, live rock, face brick or hollow tile. (5) Fasteners shall not be driven info soft materials un less such materials are backed by a substance that will pre vent the pin or fastener from passing completely through and creating a flying missile hazard on the opposite side. (6) Unless a special guard, fixture or jig Is used, fast eners shall not be driven directly into materials such as brick or concrete within 3 inches of the unsupported edge or comer, or into steel surfaces within Vi inch of the un supported edge or corner. When fastening other material, such as 2 x 4-inch lumber to a concrete surface, fasteners of greater than Vix inch shank diameter shall not be used and fasteners shall not be driven within 2 inches of the un supported edge or corner of the work surface. (7) Fasteners shall not be driven through existing holes unless a positive guide is used to secure accurate alignment. (8) No attempt shall be made to drive a fastening into a spailed area caused by an unsatisfactory fastening. (9) Employees using powder actuated tools shall be pro tected by eye protection equipment in accordance with the requirements of 8.81 (a) and (b). lb) Instruction of operators. Before employees are per- milled to use powder actuated tools, they shall have been thoroughly instructed by a competent persori'wilh respect to the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section and the safe use of such tools as follows? (1) Before using a tool, the operator shall inspect it to determine that It is d e a n , that alt moving parts operate freely and that the barrel is free from obstructions. (2) When a tool develops a defect during use, the oper ator shall immediately cease fa use it and shall notify his supervisor. (3) Tools shall not be loaded until just prior to ihe in tended firing time and the tool shall not be left unattended while loaded. (4 ) The fool, whether loaded or empty, shall not be pointed at any person, and hands shall be kept clear of the open barrel end. (5) In case of a misfire, the operator shall hold the fool in the operating position for at least 15 seconds and shall continue to hold the muzzle against the work surface during disassembly or opening of the tool and removal of the powder load. (6) Neither fools nor powder charges shall be left un attended in placs-where they would be availab le to un authorized persons. A SUBPART I-- PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 8.81 EYE PROTECTION (a) General precautions. (1) All eye protection equipment required by these regulations shall meet the specifications prescribed by the American Standard Safety Code for Head, Eye and Respiratory Protection, Z 2 .1. (2) Eye protection equipment shall be maintained in good condition. .1 ! 1 II 4 I \ : 74 75 552100 O -40-6 Ci/jrJI (3) Eye proleclion equipmenl which has previously been used shall be cleaned and disinfecled before it is issued by Ihe employer to another e m p lo y e e . (4) Employees who wear corrective spectacles while en gaged in eye hazardous work shall be protected by eye 1 protection equipmenl of a type which can be worn over personal spectacles, except that glasses with prescription ground safety-lenses may be worn in lieu of cover goggles when such glasses provide suitable protection against Ihe hazard involved. (b) Protection against impact. (1) In any operations such as chipping, caulking, drilling, riveling, grinding, and pouring babbitt metal, in which the eye hazard of flying particles, molten metal, or liquid chemical exists, employees shaft be protected by suitable face shields or goggles meet ing the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section. (c) Protection against radiant energy. {1) In any oper Ir.'. oatthioenr riandiwanhticehnethrgey eeyxeisths,azdaerpdenodfinIgnjuurpioonusthleigihntternasyitsy oorf the radiation to which employees are exposed, Ihey shall be protected by spectacles, cup goggles, helmets or hand shields equipped with filter lenses In accordance with the I, requirements of paragraphs {a) and (c)(2) of this section. f! - (2) Filter lenses shall be of a shade number appropriate to the type of work to be performed as Indicated, in Table l - l , except that variations of one or two shade numbers are permissible to suit individual preferences. ' (3) If filter lenses are used in the goggles worn under the helmet, the shade number of the lens in the helmet may be reduced so that the sum of the shade numbers of the hvo lenses will equal the value shown in Table 1-1. 8.82 RESPIRATO RY PROTECTION (a) General. (1) All respiratory protective equipment re quired by these regulations shall carry the U.S. Bureau of 76 TABLE M - , FILTER LENSES FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIANT ENERGY ,Oprolion S W i No. Light cutting, up to 1 in c h ......................... Medium cutting, 1-6 inches. : ............. ................... Heavy cutting, over .6 Inches........................ Light go* welding, up to V* Inch............................... Medium gas welding, V~I4 inch. . . . . . . . . . . Heavy gui welding, over Vi Inch. . . . . . . . . . . Shielded Metal-Are Welding '/is- to Mi-Inch eledrodes. ................................................................... Inert-go* Metal Arc Welding (Nonferrous) Ms to Ha-lnth eledrodes......................... ...................... Inert-gai Melat-Are Welding (Ferrous) M* to Mi-Inch electrode*....................................................... Shielded Metal-Arc Weldings Vie lo V* Inch electrodes........................................... Ms end Ji Inch electrodes........................................ Atomic Hydrogen W elding............................................ Carbon Arc W elding................................... 2 3 or 4 3 or 4 4 or 5 5 or 4 or 5 5 or 6 6 or B to 11 12 12 14 10 to 14 14 Mines approval for the use for which it is intended. Re spiratory protective equipment shall be used o n ly.fo r the purpose Intended and no modifications of the equipment shall be made. : (2) Respiratory protective equipment shall be inspected regularly and maintained In good condition, G as mask canisters and chemical cartridges shall be replaced as nec essary so as to provide complete protection. Mechanical filters shall be cleaned or replaced as necessary so as to void undue resistance to breathing. (3) Respiratory protective equipment which has been pre viously used shall be cleaned and disinfected before it is issued by the employer to another employee. Emergency rescue equipment shall be cleaned and disinfected imme diately- after each use. 77 - . z m w w m t V . \ .,,&.V ' kS* . * .. / j '. '*? Apt :/i.* . I 1* * ; 1* . A- r-i. V r a i i t-i jif-i & \\ I , . ;; ; - :& V # *: , 4 4 ' ii: (4) Employees required lo use respiratory protective equipment approved for use In atmospheres immediately dangerous lo life shall be thoroughly trained in Its use. Employees required to use other types of respiratory pro tective equipment shall be instructed in the use and limi tations of such equipment. (5 ) When an air line respirator is used, the air line shall be fitted with a pressure regulating valve and a filter which will remove oil, water, and rust particles. The oir intake shall be from a source which is free from all con taminants, such as the exhaust from internal combustion engines. (b) Protection in atmospheres immediately dangerous to life. {1) Atmospheres immediately dangerous to life are those which contain less than 16.5 percent oxygen, or which by reason of the high toxicity of the contaminant, as in fumigation, or high concentration of the contaminant, as with carbon dioxide, would endanger the life of person breathing them for even a short period of time. (2) In atmospheres Immediately dangerous to life the only approved types of respiratory protective equipment ore the fallowings (i) Self-contained breathing apparatus, in which the wearer carries with him a supply of oxygen, air, or an oxy gen generating material. (ii) Hose mask with blower, in which a hand or molor operated blower supplies air at high volume and low pres sure through a large diameter hose through which the wearer Can draw air in case the blower fails. (iii) If there is known to be more than 16 percent oxy gen and less than 2 percent gas by volume, a gas mask equipped with a canister approved for the particular type gas involved. N o te : A ga* m a sk o ffers a b s o lu te ly no p ro te c tio n In on atm os phere d eficien t in oxygen. 78 mm (3) Work in atmospheres immediately dangerous to life shall be performed only In an emergency, as when rescu ing a man who has been overcome or when shutting off a source of contamination that cannot olherwlsA be controlled. When an employee enters such an atmosphere he shall be provided with and use an adequate, attended life line. (4) In the vicinity of each vessel tn which there Is a dan ger of employees being exposed to an atmosphere imme diately dangerous to life the employer shall have on hand and ready for use respiratory protective equipment ap proved for such use. When such equipment Is required, one or more persons shall be thoroughly trained in the use of the equipment. (c] Prafecf/on against gaseous contaminants not immedi ately dangerous to fife .. (1) Gaseous contaminants not im mediately dangerous to life are gases present in concentra tions that could be breathed for a short period without en dangering the life of a person breathing them, but which might produce discomfort and possible injury after a pro longed single exposure or repeated short exposures. (2) When employees are exposed to a gaseous contam inated atmosphere not immediately dangerous to life , they shall be protected by respiratory protective equipment ap proved for use in the type and concentration of the gaseous contaminant as follows: * (i) In high or unknown concentrations, a hose mask or an air line respirator. The use of either a hose mask ar an air line respirator in lower concentrations is permissible. (ii) In concentrations oF ammonia of less than 3 percent, or of other gases Mss than 2 percent, by volume, a canister type gas mask equipped with the proper type of canister. Different canisters are approved for specific use agatnst the 79 /j -A ' - J . t - '* : h , i - . ' * i r . illi : < f. .*' v following gases or groups of gases: acid gases, hydrocy anic acid gas, chlorine gas, organic vapors, ammonia gas, carbon monoxide, or combination of the above. (Hi) In low concentrations (less than 0 ,1 percent by vol ume), a chem ical cartridge respirator eq u ipped with the type of cartridge approved for use against the particular gases or groups of gases listed in su b d ivisio n (ii) of this subparagraph. . (d) Protection against particulate contaminants not imme diately dangerous to life. (1 ) When employees are exposed to unsafe concentrations of particulate contam inants, such as dusfs and fumes, mists and fogs or combinations .of solids and liquids, they shall be protected by either air line or filter respirators, except as otherwise provided in the reg ulations of thit port. (2 ) Filter respirators shall be equipped with the proper type of filter. Different filters are approved for specific protection against groups of contaminants, as follow s: (i) Pneumoconiosis-producing dust and nuisance dust filters which provide respiratory protection ag ain st pneu moconiosis-producing dusts, such as alum inum , cellulose, cement, charcoal, co al, coke, flour, gypsum, iron ore, lime stone and wood. (ii) Toxic dust filters which provide respirala/y prof against toxic dusts that are not si^ys+flcantiy morsjQXic'^ thaiTted*_such as arsenic, cadjaivtn^ chromium, lead, man ganese, seleniuiTT, vunudftcfnCcind their compounds. (jit) Mist filters which provide respiratory protection against pneumoconiosis-producing mists, chromic acid mists, and. nuisance mists. (iv) Fume filters which provide respiratory protection against fumes (solid dispersoids or particu late matter formed by the condensation of vap o rs, such as those from healed metals and other substances). (v) Filters which provide respiratory protection against 80 combinations of two or more of the eonle in subdivisions (i) through (tv) of Ihls.sut (e) Protection against combinations c Jicufale contaminants not immediately o u ,.,, (1 ) When employees are exposed to combination* o. ,, eous and particulate contaminants not immediately danger ous to life, as In spray painting, they shall be protected by respiratory protective equipment approved for use In the type and concentration of the contaminants, as follows: (i) In high or unknown concentrations; ri hose mask or n air line respirator. `The use of either a hose mask or an atr line respirator is permissible In lower concentrations. * (ii) In concentrations of gaseous contaminants of less than 2 percent by volume, a canister type gas mask with a combination canister approved for the particular type of gaseous contaminant as specified in paragraph (c)(2 ) of this section and a filter for the particular type of particulate >sontaminant as specified tn paragraph (d)(1) of this section. \ t il) In low concentrations of gaseous contaminants (less thad 0.1 percent by volume) respirator equipped with the typ^ of cartridge and filter as specified in subdivision (ii) of this su bparagrap h .' 4 8 .8 3 " ' ' HEAD AND FOOT PROTECTION (a) When employees are working in areas where there is danger af fallin g objects they shall be protected by pro tective hats. (b) Protective hats shall meet the specifications con tained in the American Standard Safety Code for Head, Eye and Respiratory Protection, Z - 2 .1 . Hats without di electric strength shall not be used where there is the possi bility of contact with electric conductors. (c) Protective .hats which have been previously worn shall be cleaned and disinfected before they are issued by the employer to.another employee. 81 ft.'A - V i? * 5 -;A1 . :& A Vj * *i V t : y i r \ .*?. J a! li f|: i; (d) Tha employer shall arrange through means, such as vendor* or local stores, or otherwise, lo make safety shoes readily available to all employees, and shall encourage their use. Metal loe caps from which the covering has been worn shall be Insulated when employees are working on ex posed energized circuits of Ihe vessel's electrical system. | 8.84 LIFE SA V IN G EQ UIPM ENT (a) Buoyant working vests. - (1) When employees are work ing from small boats or floats, near the unguarded edges of decks, or over water on scaffolds without guard rails, they shall be protected by U.S. Coast Guard approved buoyant working vests. (bj Safety be/fs and life lines. ( ! ) When employees are working aloft, or over a solid surface on staging more than. 8 feet high without guard rails, they shall be protected by safety belts equipped with life lines which are secured with' a minimum amount of slack to a fixed structure. ' ' (2) When employees are working in atmospheres imme diately dangerous to life, they shall be protected by a safety belt and an adequate, attended life line. (3 ) Prior to each use, belts and life lines shall be in spected for dry rot, chemical damage or other defects which may affect their strength. Defective belts and life lines shall not be used. (c) Life rings and ladders. (1 ) At least three 30-Inch Coast Guard approved life rings with lines attached shall be kept in easily visible and readily accessible places aboard each vessel afloat on which work is being per formed. Life rings shall be located, one forward, one aft, and one on the gangway, except on vessels under 200 feet in length, in which case one at the gangway will be sufficient. (2) At least one life ring with a line attached shall be 82 located on each staging float alongside a Vessel on which work is being performed. (3) At least 90 feet of line shall be attached to each .life ring. Life rings and lines shall be maintained in good condition. {4} In the vicinity of each vessel on which employees are working over water or close lo unguarded deck edges there shall be at least one portable or permanent ladder oF suffi cient length to assist employees to reach safety In the event that they fall into the water. 83 . >> ' fciY'b . ft Appendix I T h r e s h o l d L im it V a l u e s Threshold limits should be used as guides in the control of health hazards and should not be regarded as fine lines between safe and dangerous concentrations. They repre sent conditions under which *f is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, with out adverse effect. The values listed refer to time weighted average concentrations for a normal w orkday. The amount by which these figures may be exceeded for short periods without in(ury to health depends upon a number of factors, such as the nature of the contam inant, whether very high concentrations even for short periods produce acute poison ing, whether the effects are cumulative, the frequency with which high concentrations occur, and the duration of such periods. A ll must be taken Into consideration in arriving at a decision as to whether a hazardous situation exists. Special consideration should be givep to the application of these values in the evaluation of the health hazards which may be associated with exposure to combinations of two or or more substances. Threshold limits are based on the best available informa tion from industrial experience, from experim ental studies, and, when possible, from a combination of the two. These values are based on various criteria of toxic effects or on marked discomfort; thus, they should not be used as a com mon denominator af toxicity, nor should they be considered as the sole criterion tn proving or disproving diagnosis of suspected occupational disease. These limits are intended for use In the field of industrial hygiene and should be employed by persons trained in this field. 84 Recommended Values OASES AND VArORS Subitnea P.p.m .1 mg. pt ei, m.1 Acetaldehyde...................................................................... Aceite a c id ............................................................................ Acetic anhydride............. * .............................................. A c e to n s ................................................................................ ... Acefylene-telrobromlde. ..................................... Acrolein................... ............................................................... Acrylonitrile .................................................... Ailyl alcohol. ...................................................................... Ailyl chloride....................................................................... Allyl propyl disulfide...................................................... Ammonia................................................... ... Amyl acette....................................................... ... Amyl alcohol (Isoamyl alcohol)............................ A niline.................................................................................. A rsine...................................................................................... Benzene (benzol).............................................................. Benzyl c h lo rid e ................................................................. B ro m in e ............................................................. ... .................. Butadiene (1 ,3-buladieneJ....................... .................. Butanone (methyl ethyl ketone)................................ Butyl acetate (n-butyl acetate)................................... Butyl alcohol (n-bulanoi).......................... ... .............. B u ty la m in e ................................................... ... ..................... Bulyt cettosolve (2-butoxyethcinol).......................... Carbon dioxide................................................................... Carbon disulfide................................................................ Carbon monoxide............................................................. Carbon tetrach lorid e..................................................... Celloiolve (2-ethoxyethanol).................................... Cellosolve acetate (2-ethoxyethyl acetate). . . Chlorine............................ ..................................................... Chlorine frifluorid................................................... Chlorobenzene (monochlorobenzene)................... Chloroform (trichloromethane)............................. 1-chloro-1-nitrapropane................................................ Chloropicrin. . ................................................................... 200 10 5 1 ,0 0 0 1 0 .5 20 5 5 2 100 200 100 5 0 .0 5 25 1 0 .1 1 ,0 0 0 250 200 100" 5 50 5 ,0 0 0 20 100 25 200 100 1 0 .1 75 50 20 0 .1 340 25 20 2,40 0 14 1. 45 12 15 12 70 1 ,0 5 0 360 19 0. B0 5 0. 2 ,2 0 0 740 950 300 15 240 9 ,0 0 0 60 no 160 740 540 3 0. 350 240 100 0. * Parts of vapor or go par million parti ol <itr by velum 1 Approximate mltllgroms par cubic meter of olr. 85 m r' ft* .? ; i l %% s : ;; ^ R eco m m en d ed V a u is s -- C ontinued GASES AND VAPORS-- continued Recommended V alu es-- C ontinued GASES AND vapors-- continued Subtlonce P.p.m.' Approx. mg- per co. m.* Subitanee P.p.m.1 Approx, mg. per cu. m.1 Chloroprene (2-chloro-l,3'bulodienc)...................... 25 90 Ethylene chlorodydrln............................................... .. . 5 16 Creiol [all tiomert]................... ... 5 22,. Ethylene di ami ne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 30 Cyclohexane................................................ 4001,400 Ethylene dlbromfde ( 1,2-dibromoelhane). . . . 25 190 Cyelohexanol..................................................... 100410 Ethylene im ine. , .............................................. ... 5 9 C y c lo h e x a n o n e ................... 100 400 Ethylene oxi de. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 90 Cyclohexene......................................................... 4 0 0 1 ,350 Fluo rine............................................................ 0.1 0.2 Cyclopropane................................................. 400 690 Fluorotrlchloromelhane................................................. 1,000 5,600 D e c a b o ra n e ........................................................................ 0.05 0.3 Formaldehyde................................................................... 5 6 Diacetone alcohol (4-hydroxy-4-melhyt-2-pen> Furfural. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 20 la none)..................... 50 240 Gasoline........................................ ..................... 500 2,000 Diborane........................................................................... ... 0.1 0.1 Heptane (n-heptane)............................................... 500 2,000 o*Dichlorobenzene........................................................ 50 300 Hexane (n-hexane). .................................................... 500 1,800 .. Dtchlorodifluoromethane, ......................................... 1,000 4,950 Hexanone (methyl butyl ket one) . . . . . . . . . . 100 410 1.1- Dichloroelhane. . . . . . ............... 100 400 Hydrazine............................................... .. 1 1.3 . 1.2- Dichtoroelhane (ethylene d ich lo rid e ).. . . 100 400 Hydrogen bromide....................................................... 5 17 1,2>Dichloroefhylene.............................. 200 790 Hydrogen chloride...................... .. 5 7 Diehfareelhyi ether.................................. 15 90 Hydrogen cyanide......................... .. 10 11 ' S' Dichloromonofluoromathcme. ........................................ 1,000 4,200 Hydrogen fluoride.................................. ... 3 2 r : t , 1-Diehlora-1-miroethane .............................. 10 60 Hydrogen peroxide, 9 0 % .................................. 1 . 1.4 DIchlorotefronuaroethane................ ... 1,000 7,000 Hydrogen setenide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J . . . 0.05 0.2 Dieihylam ine..................................................................... 25 75 Hydrogen sulfide........................................................ ... 20 30 Difluorodibromomethane .................. 100 860 Iodine.................................................................................. 0.1 1 Diisobulyl ketone........................................................... 50 290 Isophorone................................................................... 25 140 Dimethylanlllne (N-dimethyfamline)............. .. 5 25 flopropyla mine.................................. .. 5 12 Dimethylsulfate............................................... .. 1 5 Mesityl oxide. . . : ...................................................... 25 100 Dioxane (diethylene dioxide)................................ . 100 360 Methyl acetate............................ ... 200 610 y Ethyl acetate.......................................... 400 1,400 Methyl acetylene. ...................................................... 1.000 1.650 Ethyl acrylate.................................................... 25 100. Methyl acrylate..................... 10 35 Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)........................ 1,000 1,900 Methyl alcohol (methanol)........................................ 200 260 S' E th yla m in e ..................... 25 45 Methyl b r o m i d e . ............................................. 20 80 Ethylbenzene........................................... 200 , 870 Methyl cellosofve (2*meihoxyethana1). . . . . . 25 80 Ethyl bromide ........... . . 200 890 . Methyl cellosotve acetate (ethylene glycol V ? Ethyl ch lo rid e ......................................... 1,000 2,600 monomethyl ether acetate)................................. 25 120 Methyl chloride................................ .. .. 100 210 Ethyl et her . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 Ethyl formate........................................................... 10 0 1,200 300 MethylaI (dimethoxymethane).............................. ... 1,000 3,100 Ethyl s ilic a te ..................................................................... 100 850 Methyl chloroform (1 ,l,l*trich to ro e lh a n e ).. . 500 2,700 1 Port o f vapor or g a t per million parts o f o ir b y volume. * Approximate milligrams p er cub ic meter o f a ir. 1Furls of vopor or gas per million parts of a ir by volume. 1 Approximate milligrams per cubic meter of atr. 86 87  * ' . J I ' k? . V*. I- ; i.: ; 1 K S , 1*1 ! Reco m m en d ed VALUES-- Continued o a s es an d v a f o x s -- continued S u b ito n e * P.p. m,' Approx. mg. | V. r 500 100 10Q 100 Methylisobulyl carbinol (methyl amyl alco h o l) .. ; ............................................................................ 25 100 500 Monomelhyl aniline, 2 200 500 Nickel carbonyl. . Nitric aci d. . . . . . p-Nitroomline. . . Nitrobenzene. . . Nilroelhane. . . . Nitrogen dioxide, Nitroglycerin. . . , 0.001 10 1 1 100 5 0.5 100 50 Nitrololuene............................................................... 5 O ctane.................................................................................... S5C00 O zo ne..................................................................................... 0.1 Paradichlorobenzene..................................................... 75 Pentane .................................................................. 1,000 Pentanone (methyl propyl k eto n e)...................... 200 Perchlorelhylene (lelrachloroethylene)............... 200 P h e n o l.................................. 5 Phenylhydrazine............................................................... 5 Phosgene (carbonyl chloride)................................... I Phosphine................................................................. .. Phosphorus trichloride.................................................. 0.05 0.5 ' Propyl acetate......................... 200 Propyl alcohol (isopropyl atcohol)........................ 400 Propyl ether (isopropyl ether).................................. 500 Propylene dichloride ( 1,2-dTcMoropropane). . 75 2,000 470 460 250 100 480 1,750 9 800 2,000 0.1 25 '6 5 310 9 ' 5 250 180 30 2,350 0.2 450 2,950 700 1,350 19 22 4 0.07 3 840 980 2,100 350 1 Parti of vapor or g a i psr m illio n parti of air by volume. * Approximate milligrams per cubic meter of air. 88 R e c o m m e n d e d V a l u e s ---Continued Substance P.p. IB.1 Appro mfl. p cu. m. Propylene tmtne, Propylene oxide Pyridine................ Qulnone............... Stibtne.................. S u lfu r d io x id e ............................. Sulfur hexafluoride................ Sulfur monoehloride. . . . . Sulfur pentafluoride............... Tertiary butyl alcohol. . . . p-Tertiary butyl toluene . . 1,1,2,2-Telrachloroelhone Tetrahydrofuran................... Telronlfrcmethone................ Toluene (Toluol)................... o-Toluldine........................ - . To!y!ene-2,4-dHjocyanata Trichloroethylene.................. Trlcthylam m e......................... X y lid in s ...................................................................... 25 100 10 0.1 0.1 500 100 5 ,000 1 0.025 100 10 5 200 1 200 s 0.1 200 25 ,000 100 500 100 200 5 60 240 30 0.4 0.5 2,900 420 13 6.000 6 0.2* 300 60 35 590 8 750 22 0.7 1,050 100 6,100 560 1,300 480 870 25 1Part* of vapor ox gas per mitliori parts of air by volume. * Approximate milligram per cubic meter of air. 89 v . -r.- i.-i-. ? / .n il - .V V i I -* v r j.3** f*V S f, f f- Recommended Va iu is -- C ontinued TOXIC DUSTS, EUMES AND MISTS Subitone* Mg. per eu. m.' Atdrfn (1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,1 0 ,10-hexachioro-1,4 ,4a, 5,8 ,8 a-hexahydra-1,4,5,8-dimelhancnciphlholene)....................... Animate (ammonium sulfamate)................................................... Antimony........................... . ........................................................ .. ANTU (alpha-naphlhyl-lhiourca).................................................. A rse n ic ............................................................ ..................................... .. Barium (soluble compounds]........................................................... B erylliu m .. . . ......................................................................................` Cadmium oxide fume....................................................................... .. Calcium arsenal.................................................................................. Chlordane (l^ .i.S ^ .Z.S.S-oclocb loro -So^ .Z.Za-lelra- hydra-4,7-melhnnoindone]............... ............................. ... Chlorinated camphene, 60% ............................... Chlorinated diphenyl oxid e............................................................ Chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine)..................................................... Chlorodipheny! (54% chlorine].............................. ... Chromic acid and chromates (as C rO j)................................... Crag herbicide (sodium 2-[2,4-dicblorophenoxy]ethanol hydrogen sulfate]........................................................................... Cyanide (as C N ].................................................................................... 2,4'D(2,4-dichtorophenoxyocetic acid ).................................... DDT (2,2-biaIp-chlorophenyl]-l,l,l-trichIoroethane)___ _ Dieldrin (1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,! 0,10-hexochlora-6,7-epoxy.!,4,4o,- 5,6,7,8,8a-ocfahydro-l ,4 ,5 ,8-dimethanonopMhalene) Dinlfrobenzene..................... .................................#.............................. Dlnilrotoluene......................................................................................... Dinilro*c*creso1............................................................. .. EPN (O-ethy! O-p-nitrophenyl thionobenzenephospho- n ale)..................................................................................................... Ferbam (ferric dimethyl dilhlocarbanate)................................ Ferrovanadium dust............................................................... ... Fluoride..................................................................................................... Hydroquinone................................................ ........................................ Iron oxide fume..................................................................................... Le ad ..................... ...................................................................................... * Milligrams of Just, fume, or milt per cubic meter of olr. 90 0.25 15 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 2ym' 0.1 0.1 2 0.5 0.5 1 0.5 0.1 15 5 10 1 0.25 1 1.5 0.2 0.5 15 2.5 2 15 0.2 Recommended V a iu is -- Continued TOXIC DUSTS, FUMES and MISTS -- continued Subitane Mg. per eu. m,* Lead arsenate....................... 0.15 lindane (hexcchlorocyclohexane, gamma isomer)............ 0.5 Magnesium oxide fume..................................................................... 15 Molathion (0,0-dimelhyl dithlophosphole of diethyl mercaplesuccinate)............ ............................................................ 15 Manganese................................................................................................ 6 Mercury. .................................................................................................... 0.1 Mercury (organic compounds)......................................................... 0.01 Methoxychlor (2,2-dhp-methoxyphenyl-1,1,1 -Irlchloro- elhonej........................................................... ... 15 Molybdenums (Soluble compounds).. ............................................................... 5 (Insoluble compounds].................................................................. 15 Nicotine. . , . ... .................................... 0.5 Parathlon (0,0-diethyl 0-p-nltrophenyl Ihlophosphale].. O.t Penfachloronaphthaleno..................................................................... 0.5 Pentachlorophenol.................................................................................. 0.5 Phosphorus (yellow). . .................................................................. 0.1 Phosphorus pentachtoride..............................' . ................. .. 1 Phosphorus penlosulfide............................................................... 1 Picric acid............ ................................................... .. ............................ 0.1 i Pyrelhrum................................................................................................... 2 I Rofenone................................................... ...................................... .. 5 Selenium compounds (os S e )................................................. ... 0.1 $odium fluoroacetate (1 0 8 0 ).......................................................... 0.1 Sodium hydroxide................................................................................. 2 Strychnine.................................................................................................. 0.15 'Sulfuric acid . . . , , S . ................................................... .. 1 TEDP (tetraethyl dilhionopyrophosphate)................................. 0.2 TEPP [tetraethyl pyrophosphate).................................................... 0.05 Tellu riu m ................................................. ................................................... 0.1 Telryl (2,4,6-fnnitrophenylmeihylnitramine)............................ 1.5 Thtram [lelralmeihyl thluram disulfide). .............................. ; 5 Thallium (soluble compounds)................ ........ . ........................ 0.1 Titanium dioxide.................................................................................... 15 5 Milligrams of dust, fume, or mill p*r cubic ml*r of oir. 91 552100 0 - 6 0 --7 W W W 1' ; \ :3j": i* ~ ' - $ -i :> i'i n m 4 J vi Recommended V alues-- C ontinued TOXIC DUSTS, FUMES AND Ml STS-- continued Substance Mg. pr ci). m .*. T rlch lo ran ap h lh ale n e . . . . ........................................................................... Trinitrotoluene................................................................................... . . . U ranlum i (Solu ble com pounds)......................................................................................... (Insoluble com pounds)............................... Vanadiumi (VjOs dust)............................................................................................ (VjO j fume).......................................................................................... t Warfarin (3- [aacetonylbenzyl]-4-hydroxycaumarln). . . . . Zinc oxide fumes. .................................................................................. , Zirconium compounds (as Z r ) .................................................................... * Milligrams of dull, fume, or m ill per cubic meler of air. 5 1.5 0 .0 5 0 .2 5 0.5 0.1 0.5 5 Radioactivity! For permissible concentration! of radioisotopes In oir, see " Maxi mum Permissible Amounts of Radioisotopes in the Human Body and Maximum Permissible Concentinlion* in Air end Woter." Handbook 5 2 . U .S. Deportment of Commerce, Notional Bureau of Stondords. March 1953. In addition, see "Per missible Dose from External Sources of lonixing Radiation." Handbook 5 9 , U.S. Deportment of Commerce, Notional Bureau of Standards, September 24, 1954. Revision of the Iwa publications mentioned above is in progress. MINERAI DUSTS Substance Aluminum oxide...................................... Asbestos.................................................... Dust (nuisance, no free silica). . . , Mica (below 5% free silica). . . . . Portland cement...................................... T a lc ............................................................... Silicas High (above 50% free S iO - }. . Medium (5 to 50% free SiO s). low (below 5% free S iO ,)____ Silicon carbide........................................ Soapstone (below 5% free S iO s), * Millions of particle! per cubic fool of air. 92 M.p.p.c.f,* 50 5 50 20 50 20 5 20 50 50 20 n Tentative Va iu e* Substance Approx, mg. P.p.n** per cv. *- Ally! glycldyl ether (A G E )................ Boron trifluorlde..................................... n-Butyl glycldyl ether (BG E). . , . . Butyl mercaptan, ............. Chlorine d io xid e .. Chloroacelaldehyde.............................. Chlorobromomeihane (C IBrC H j)/. Diglycidyl ether (OGE). , ............ Dimethyl formamlde............................ 1,1-Dimelhyl hydrazines.................. Dipropylcneglycolmcthylclher. , , , Ethyl mircapton..................................... Furfuryl alcohol............... ... G lyd d o l. . . ........................ Sec-Hexyl acetate........................... Isopropyl glycidyl ether (IG E ),,. Lithium hydride............ ......................... Methyl mercaptan.................. Perchloromcthyl mercaptan., ,, , , Phenyl glycldyl ether ......................... Phosphoric acid..................................... n-Propyl nitrate.............................. `. . . 1,2,3,-Trichloropropane................... Triorthocresyl phosphate Yttrium and inorganic compounds. Tefjon decomposition products . . . entoborane (BsHb) , , 10 1 50 10 0.1 1 400 10* 20 0.5 100 250 50 45 3 270 35 0.3 3 2,100 ' 55 60 1 600 640 200 50 150 100 590 50 240 . 25y/m3 50 100 0.1 0.8 50 310 1 25 50 .* 110 300 0.1 n O D P) 4 Parti of vapor or gas per million parti ol air by volume. * Appiaxtmoia milligrams par cubic melar of elf. * Until mere data are forthcoming, ll It Important that olmaspheric concentra tions of these materials to which workers are exposed must be kepi as rear 0 as passible. This am endm ent shall becom e effective M arch 21, 1960. S ig n e d a f W ash in gto n , D .C ., this 121h d a y o f February 1960, J am es T. O ' C o n n e u , Acting Secretary of tabor. (F.R. Doc. 6 0 -1 4 9 7 ; Filed, Feb. 19. 1960; 8:45 a.m.) 93 % T. r i . y [` { J } !' vii ' v ' i!'Vt .. JR <* ;;!M . \ v p S . l.b iM ls Jn f * \ y' - ` . `r .ift lA'tH !4; : -. 'fI4 Title 2 9 -- LABOR Subtitle A -- Office of the S e cre ta ry of - Labor PART 11-- PROCEDURE FOR VARIATIONS FROM SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULA TIONS UNDER LO NGSHO REM EN'S AND HARBOR W ORKERS' COMPENSATION ACT Safe!/ and Health Regulations for Longsharing and Ship Repairing have been promulgated under !he amended seclion 41 of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers* Com pensation Act (72 Staf. 835, amending 44 Slat. 1444; 33 U.S.C. 941, 29 CFR, Paris 8 and 9 (25 F.R ..15 4 3 , 1565)). The Act (Subsection 41(d)) and those regulations (29 CFR 8.5 and 9.5) provide for the exercise of administrative dis cretion in granting certain types of variations from the safety and heallh requirements. Upon this basis, it is the purpose of these regulations to provide the procedure for applica tion for such variations and action on such applications, both for the safety and health regulations that have been promulgated and such others as may be promulgated under the same authority. As these are regulations of procedure and practice for relieving restriction, public procedure is deemed to be unnecessary and they will be effective on pub lication In the Federal Register. Accordingly, pursuant to section 4 of the Administrative Procedure Act (60 Staf. 238; 5 U.S.C. 1003) Subtitle A of Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations is hereby amended by adding a new Part 1 1 to read as follows- Sec. 11.1 Scope and application. 11.2 Availability. 94 Sec. 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7' 11.8 11.9 . 11.10 11.11 Application. Approval prerequisite to variation. Priority. Contents of order granting variation. Contents of order denying variation. Publication in Federal Register. Supplementary publication of orders granting or denying variation. Emergency applications. Terminations and extensions. Authority: 11.1 to 11.11 issued under 72 Stat. 835 amending 44 Stat. 14 4 4; 33 U.S.C. 941, and R.S. 161, 5 U.S.C. 22. 11.1 SCOPE AND APPLICATION The regulations in this part shall govern the availability, effect, and procedure for obtaining variations from safety and health rgulations provided fn 8 .5 and 9.5 of this title and any other safety and health regulations issued un der the authority of Section 41 of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (44 Stat. 1444 as mended, 33 U.S.C. 941). 11.2 AVAILABILITY Variations are to be. granted only when the Director of the Bureau of Labor Standards determines that the general regulation or particular provisions thereof Imposes practical difficulty or unnecessary hardship in a particular application; that the purpose of the general regulation or particular pro visions thereof from which variation is sought will be ob served by the use of other or different devices; and, that the safety of employees will be equally secured by the other or different devices. 95 V '. K ilf r V -i- J- y j i & '* m 1 * i# | A if 'M `f. i i !:s !. 1; i" i?:: .1\ . f H Srk. ;, I hj: 11.3 A P P LIC A T IO N An application requesting a variation from an existing safety or health regulation, or particular provisions thereof m ay be made by any person or organization affected by such rule or regulation, or particular provisions thereof, or by the law ful agent of such an interested person or organ ization. The application shall be in triplicate, directed fa the Director of the Bureau of Labor Standards, United Slate* Department of Labor, and delivered to the Bureau of Labor Standards field office which services the place in which the variation, if granted, would be effective. Every application shall: ' (a ) Be typewritten or printed in ink; (b) Appropriately describe the rule or regulation, or par ticular provisions thereof, from which variation is requested and specifically describe the type of difficulty or hardship arising thereunder and the substitute device for which au: thorizatlon is sought; (c j Contain a certification, together with detailed and comprehensive outline of the facts upon which the certifica tion is based, that: (1 ) The variatio n requested with respect to the rule or regulation, or particular provisions thereof, involved is nec essary to avoid practical difficulties or unnecessary hardships; (2 ) The purpose of the rule or regulation w ill be observed by the variation; and (3 ) The safety of employees w ill be equally secured thereby. (d) State whether a temporary or permanent variation is desired; if temporary, an estimate of the length of time for which the variation is required shall be included; and (e) Indicate the manner in which the variation is intended to operate. 96 1 1 .4 APPROVAL PREREQUISITE TO VA RIA TIO N The application for a variation shall not serve as tempo rary authority for the variation. Adherence to the general regulations is required unless and until such application is approved by the Director of the Bureau of Labor Standards. 11.5 PRIORITY The Director of the Bureau of Labor Standards shall promptly examine every application for the purpose of deter mining Its appropriate priority for the purpose of avoiding or minimizing any delay of affected operalions. 11.6 CONTENTS OF ORDER GRANTING VARIATION When granting a variation from safety or health regu lations or particular provisions, thereof, the Director of the Bureau of Labor Standards-shall im m ediately prepare, in triplicate, an order setting forth: . (a) The name and address of the person or organization requesting the variation; ; (bj- The rule or regulation, or particular provisions there of, with respect to which the variation is effective; (c) A description of the conditions under which the varia tion is permitted, including the extent to which variatio n from an existing rule or regulation, or particular provisions thereof, will be allowed; and (d) The period /or which the variation shall be effective. 11.7 CONTENTS OF ORDER DENYING VA RIATIO N In the event the Director of the Bureau of Lab o r Stand ards shall deny an application for a variation, he shall pre pare, in triplicate, an order setting forth: 97 3* : ! m W ;i (a) The name and address of tho person or organization requesting the variation/ (b) The rule or regulation, or particular provisions thereof, from which the application requested variation/ (c) The extent and duration of the variation requested/ and (d j A concise statement af the reasons for dental of the application for variation. 11.8 PU BLICA TIO N IN FEDERAL REGI5TER A n / authorization of a variation b / the Director of the Bureau of Labor Standards shall be published in. the Federal Register as provided in section 3 of the Administrative Pro cedure Act (6 0 Stat. 237/ 5 U .S.C . 1 0 0 2 ). 11.9 ; ' SU PPLEM EN TA RY PU BLICA TIO N OF ORDERS G RAN TIN G OR D EN YIN G V A R IA TIO N . One copy of the order granting or denying the variation, whichever is issued, shall be mailed to the person or organ ization requesting the variation at such address as may be specified in the applicatio n; one copy shall be kept in the Office of the Bureau of Labor Standards A rea Supervisor for the area in which the variatio n , if granted, would he made effective, and shall be open to public inspection; and one copy, together with a properly indexed record of all author ized variations, shall be kept in the Office of the Director of the Bureau of Labo r S tan dards and sh all be open to public inspection. 11 .1 0 EM ERGENCY A PPLIC A TIO N S In any case of extreme urgency, the application for a variation from an existing safety or health regulation, or particular provisions thereof, may be made by telegraph, and shall state the grounds upon which the application Is based. This type of application must bji confirmed without 98 delay by a written application for a variatio n which meets the requirements of 1 1 ,3 . 11.11 TERM INATION S N D EXTEN SIO N S T h e 'o rd e r' granting* the application for *a variation shall remain in effect for the period specified therein; or until such time a s .lt is terminated In accordance with section 9(b) of the Administrative Procedure Act (6 0 Stah 2 3 8 ; 5 U .S.C. 1008(b)).' * Such terminations shall be published as provided In 1 1.8 and 1 1 .9 . ' A n y application for an extended or new variation upon expiration of a temporary one shall be jn the form provided in, 1 1 .3 , shall explain the need for extension and specify the extended period, and shall be filed not,less, than 15 days nor more than 3 0 days prior to the expiration of the,temporary authorization. Signed at, Washington, D .C ., this 1st day of April I9 6 0 . ` \ ' ' * * t * }*. J ames P. Mit c h e ii, ' Secretory o f Labor. IF.R- Doc. 6 0 - 3 2 1 2/ Filed, Apr. 7, 1960/ 8:^6 a.m.J l * V Y 99 7 -----r r r z j T T p j ' K t . : are sections 29 and 30 of the Act (4,4 Slat, 1 4 3 8 , 1439 as amended; 33 U.S.C. 929,. 9 30), authorizing regulations S u b t it le A -- O f f ic e o f t h S e c r e t a r y of Labor requiring records and reports concerning Injury or death to employees. Based on this authority, it is the purpose of this amendment to the Code of Federal Regulations to provide PART 1 0 -- R EC O R D IN G A N D REPORTING W O R K - I N J U R Y F R E Q U E N C Y A N D SE VERITY DATA CO N CERN IN G LONG S H O R E M E N , S H IP R EPA IR M EN AND for the keeping of the underlying records and the making oF necessary reports to permit analysis, study, and publication of standard work-injury frequency and severity data concern ing longshoremen, ship repairmen, and other harbor workers as one means of furthering the statutory purpose above OTHER HARBOR W ORKERS quoted. The 1958 amendments did not change the bulk Section 41 of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' of the Act, which has, for many years, provided a system of Compensallon Ac (4 4 Sta. 1444 as amended; 33 U.S.C. longshoremen's and harbor workers' compensation. Sec 941] was amended August 2 3 , 195 8 [72 Sta. 835) to au tions 29 and 30 (44 Stat. 1438, 1439 as amended; 33 U.S.C. 9 29, 930) have, since 1938, been implemented by thorize safety and health regulations for the protection of regulations requiring records and reports necessary to ad certain longshoremen, ship repairmen and other harbor minister its compensation features (20 CFR Part 31). These workers. Such regulations for longshorng and ship repair requirements are unaffecled by this amendment to the Code ing activities have been promulgated (29 CFR 8.5 and 9.5). of Federal Regulations requiring records and reports for the The statutory amendment directly requires that "every em additional purpose contemplated by the amended sec ployer shall furnish and maintain employment and places of tion 4 1 . employment which shall be reasonably safe for his em J: Though no general notice of a proposal to make the reg ployees In all employments covered by this Act." It author ulations hereinafter set out has been published in the Federal izes use of "such other powers and duties as are conferred" Register, there has been extensive consultation concerning by the Act "In enforcing and administering" the amended them with the employers who will have obligations undes section 41 and in addition, provides new authority "to make these regulations and their trade associations. As detailed \\\'/. studies * * * with respect to safety provisions and the records of injuries and their severity for the first quarter of causes * * * of injuries in employments covered by this the calendar year 1960 may not have been kept by all em Act and from time to time to m a k e to Congress such recom ployers bf whom reports will be required, accuracy of the mendations" as are deemed "proper as the best means of reports depends upon submission of them while the matters preventing such injuries," and "to provide for the establish to be reported are still fresh in the minds of the reporting ment and supervision of programs for the education and officers. This cannot be accomplished consistently with the training of employers and employees in the recognition delay incident to formal notice and public procedure thereon * * * of unsafe working conditions in employments cov These reasons are deemed to be goad cause to, and f dc ered by this A ct." hereby, find that notice and public procedure thereon ar Among the "other powers" authorized to be used in en Impracticable, unnecessary, and contrary to public interest forcing and administering the provisions of the amendment At the reports required to be filed by April 30 are not bur- which were not otherwise affected by the 195 8 amendments 100 101 -sin Me&A * 1 r - i : ' *g5it. if ; i !.i4 : ; M . (! < & V u rit i * * *. . ' 11 <-! i * i.--. 1V *;;*! Vf . X *\ l* ; ji /*/ ;; i ' ii M densome lo prepare but may depend for accuracy on prompt preparation, and as required recordkeeping should be com menced immediately to assure the accuracy o f subsequent reports, I find good cause to, and do, provide that these amendments to the Code of Federal Regulations shall be ef fective immediately. Accordingly, pursuant to section 4 of the Administrative Procedure Act (6 0 Slat. 2 3 8 ; 5 U .S .C . 1 0 0 3 ), Subtitle A of Title 2 9 , Code o f Federal Regulations, is hereby amended by adding a new Part 10 to read as followsi Sec. 10.1 Definitions. 10.2 Records, 10.3 Operations and estimating procedurereports. 10.4 Quarterly injury and employment record reports. 10.5 Annual work-injury severity reports. A uthority! 10.1 lo 1 0 .5 issued under 4 4 Stat. 1438, 1 4 3 9 , as amended, 72 Stat, 8 3 5 ; 33 U .S .C . 9 2 9 , 930, 941. 10.1 ! DEFINITIONS When used in this Part 10 -- ' 1 (a) The term " injury" means accidental in ju ry or death arising out of and in the course of em ploym ent, and such occupational disease or Infection as arises n atu rally out of such employment or as naturally or unavoidably results from such accidental injury, and includes an injury caused by the willful act of a third person directed against an employee be cause of his employment. (b) The term "disabling injury" includes an y injury which results In death or permanent physical Impairment or which makes the injured person u n ab le to w ork throughout the hours corresponding to those of the shift on which he was injured on any d ay after the day of injury. (c) The term " death" means any work injury which results in death, regardless of the time which elapses between the injury and death. 102 (d) The term " permanent-total d isa b ility" means an In jury which permanently and completely disables a worker. It includes the loss, or complete loss of use, of both arm s, or hands, or legs, or fee), or Byes or any combination of these body parts such as one arm and one leg, one hand and one foot, etc. (e) The term " permanent-partial disability" means an in jury which permanently, but only partially disables a worker. It includes the total or partial loss, or loss of use, of an arm, hand, leg, finger, etc., or any permanent Im pairm ent of a function of the body or of a part of the hody to an y degree less than permanent-total disability. (f) The term " temporary-total disability" means an injury which does not result in death or perm anent-total or per manent-partial d isab ility if the injured person, because of his Injury, Is unable lo perform a regularly established job, which is open and availab le to him, during the entire time interval corresponding to the hours of his re g u lar shift on any one or more days (including Sundays and days off) sub sequent to the day of injury. (g) The term "em p lo ye e" does not include a master or member of a crew of any vessel, nor any person engaged by the master to load or unload or repair any sm all vessel un der eighteen tons net. (h) The term ` .'em p lo yer" means on em p lo yer a n y of whose employees are employed in maritime employment, in whole or in part/upon the navigable waters of the United States (including any drydock), (i) The term " Ipjury-frequency rate" means the number of disabling in jures per million employee-hours worked ob tained by mutiplying the total number of d isabling injuries by one million and dividing that product by the to tal em ployee-hours worked. (j) The term "Injury-seventy rate" means the number of days lost or charged per million employee-hours worked ob tained by adding the standard time charges for each case of death and permanent impairment to the total number of days 103 i' i li' `A "fr-i vl I 'll. > i V ': | $r ? .') f Ti I [iisM ,. V, of Incapacity resulting from all other eases of disabling In juries, multiplying that sum by one million and dividing that product by the total number of employee-hours w o rk e d . (k) The term "the A ct" means the Longshoremen' s and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act {44 Sfat. 1424, as amended; 33 U .S.C. 9 0 2 -9 5 0 }. 10.2 I. | RECORDS Every employer employing any employee in any activity sub ject to the Act shall make and keep such records as ' I re necessary to compute and permit verification of stand ;! | ard work-injury frequency and severity rates concerning all work subject to the Act. Such records shall be a v a ila b le for inspection on demand by authorized representatives of r the Secretary of Labor at the employing establishment for a | i period of 3 years following every report required to be made thereon pursuant to this Part 10. B (a) The records required by this 10.2 shall include 'I reasonably contemporaneous entries revealing each dis 1 abling injury experienced by an employee arising out of and in the course of his employment In any activity covered by the Act. These records shall be in such detail as will reveal the activity being performed at the time of injury, the p! manner in which the injury occurred, and a description of the Injury and relative severity of the injury as measured by ! the number of days of inability, to work at the employee's 5:: usual employment resulting from the injury, or by the occur |ij! rence of death ar permanent physical impairment as a result of the injury, . cl- (b) The records required by this 10.2 shall also reveal the total number of employee-hours worked by all employees at the employing establishment in activities covered by the Act.- If a current description of procedure for estimating such number of employee-hours worked has been filed with ii! the Bureau of Labor Statistics on its forms BLS 2 6 7 2 A and 104 i y fe? BLS 2672B, and the Bureau has not notified the employer of its disapproval of such description of estimating pro cedure, the requirements of this paragraph (b) will be satis fied by the records necessary for application af the estimating procedure. 1, . 10.3 . - -. OPERATIONS AND ESTIMATING PROCEDURE REPORTS For the three-month period ending March 3 1 , 1 9 6 0 , and annually thereafter for the.first three-month period in each calendar year, every, employer employing any employee sub ject to the Act shall file with the Bureau of Labor Statistics {as collection agency for the Bureau of Labor Standards) at its central office at Washington 2 5 , D .C ., on form BLS 26 7 2A , which Is a v ailab le ,at the central, and regional offices of the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Standards, a report of Us operations and of its em ployee-hours, worked estimating procedure, if an y.. A sepa rate report shall be filed for each port In which the employer had operations .during the quarter. Form BLS 2 672A will require a statement of the major functions or activities per formed by the reporting establishment and of. the locations at which operations are conducted. If the employee-hours worked in,activities subject to the Act are estimated in the reports required by | 10.4 and 10.5, this report shall give a description of the estimating procedure used, in sufficient detail to permit a reasonable appraisal of Us adequacy. Each report required by this 10.3 shall be filed within the fourth month in ech calendar year. 10.4 QUARTERLY INJURY AND EMPLOYMENT RECORD REPORTS For the three-month period ending March 31, I9 6 0 , and for each three-month period thereafter, every employer employ ing any employee subject to the Act shall file with the Bureau of Labor Statistics (as collection agency of the Bureau : 105 T T l'S R ft*4"....... of Labor Standards) at its central office at Washington 25, D .C ., on form BLS 2 6 7 2 B, which Is available at the central and regional offices of the Bureau of Labor Standards and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, a quarterly summary Injury and employment record for each port at which any such em ployee is employed. This report shall Include all Informa tion necessary for the compulation of standard monthly workinjury frequency rates and for the determination of the total number of deaths resulting from work injuries experienced In the period covered by the report. The reports required by this 10.4 for the second, third, and fourth quarters of each calendar year shall also slate whether there has been any substantial change from the operations or estimating pro cedure reported pursuant to 10.3. Each report under this 10.4 shall be filed within the month following the end of the calendar quarter to which the report applies. 1 0 .5 ANNUAL W ORK-INJURY SEVERITY REPORTS For calendar year 1960 and for each calendar year there after, every employer employing any employee subject to this Act shall file with the Bureau of Labor Statistics (as col lection agency for the Bureau of Labor Standards) at its cen tral office at Washington 2 5 , D .C ., on form BLS 2672C, which is available at the central and regional offices of the Bureau of Labor Standards and Bureau of Labor Statistic^ an annual work-injury severity report for each port at which any such employee is employed. The report form will re quire essentially the information requested from reporters In the Bureau of Labor Statistics annual injury rate survey for other industries. Each report shall be filed within 45 days after the end of the calendar year to which the report applies, , Signed at Washington, D .C ., this 25th day of April I960. J a m es P . M it c h e ll,:-'-* Secretary of Labor..-i [F.R. Doc. 6 0 - 3 8 4 8 ; Filed, Apr. 26. I 9 6 0 ; 8=53 o.m.] 106 'M CONTROL SHEET OF CHANGES IN REGULATIONS Fodiiol KQlsfr Date Sadloti No. * Sut|id .... . - * * , , :> * r . * . * ` l ic : .. / 1... ----------- -- -- -- - .... ... . . . . ... . ! -- . : ) . ...... ,.;c : . :i j Public Law 8 5 -7 4 2 85th C ongress, H.R. 13021 August 23, 1958 AN ACT TO AM END SECTION 41 OP THE L O N G SH O R E M EN 'S A N D HARBOR W orkers' C o m p e n s a t io n A ct s o a s to provide a .system O P SAFETY RULES, R E G U L A T IO N S , A N D SAFETY IN SP E C T IO N AND TRAINING, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. Be if enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives o f the Untied States o f America in Congress assembled, That section 41 of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (ch. 5 0 9 , 4 4 Slat. 1 4 2 4 ), as amended, is amended to read as follows: " S e c . 4 1 . (a) Every em ployer shall furnish and main tain employment and places of employment which shall be reasonably saFe for his employees In all employments covered by this Act and shall install, furnish, maintain, and use such devices and safeguards with particular reference lo equip ment used by and working conditions established by such employers as the Secretary may determine by regulation or order to be reasonably necessary to protect the life, health, and safety of such employees, and to render safe such em ployment and places of employment, and to prevent injury to his employees. However, the Secretary may not make determinations by regulation or order under this section as to matters within the scope of title 52 of the Revised Statutes and Acts supplementary or amendatory thereto, the Act of June 15, 191 7 (ch. 3 0 , 4 0 Sfat. 220), as amended, or sec tion 4(e) of the Act of August 7, 1953 (ch. 3 4 5 , 6 7 Stat. 4 6 2 ), as amended. "(b ) The Secretary, in enforcing and administering the provisions of this section, is authorized in addition to such other powers and duties as are conferred upon him -- "(1 ) to make studies and investigations with respect to safety provisions and the causes and prevention of 108 Injuries in employments covered by this Act and from time to time make lo Congress such recommendations as he may deem proper as to the best means of pre venting such injuries, and in making such studies and investigations to cooperate with any agency of the United States or with any State agency engaged in similar work; ... ........ "(2 ) to utilize the . services of any agency of the United Stales or any Stale agency engaged in similar work (with the consent of such agency) in connection with the administration of this section; " (3 ) to promote uniformity in safely standards in employments covered by this Act through cooperative action with any agency of the United States ar with any State agency engaged In similar work; "(4 ) to provide for the establishment and supervision of programs for the education and training of employers and employees In the recognition, avoidance, and pre vention of unsafe working'conditions in employments covered by this Act, and la corisult with and advise em ployers as to the best means of preventing injuries; " (5) to hold such hearings, issue such orders, and make such decisions, based upon findings of fact, as are deemed to be necessary to enforce the provisions .of this section, and for such- purposes the Secretary and the district courts shall have the authority and jurisdiction provided by section 5 of the Act of June 30, 1936 (ph. 8 8 , 49 Stat. 2036], as amended, and the Secretary shall be represented in any court pro ceedings as provided in the Act of May 4 , 1928 (ch. 502, 45 Stat. 4 9 0 ), as amended. "(c) The Secretary or his authorized representative may inspect such places of employment, question such employees, and investigate such conditions, practices, or mailers in con nection with employment subject to this Act, os he may deem appropriate to determine whether any person has violated 109 ;..]U : ; P '** I A ' M. . ` $ Am Am . ?; - i- fb a i - c ' i - ' i t i .......................... i;A - iiSr'i tlr any provision of this section, or any rule or regulation Issued thereunder, or which moy aid In the enforcement of the pro visions of this section. No employer or other person sholl refuse to adm it the Secretary or his authorized representa tives to a n y such place or sh all refuse to perm it any such Inspection. " (d ) A n y employer may request the advice of the Secre tary or his authorized representative, In complying with the requirements of any rule or regulation adopted to carry out the provisions of this section. In case of practical difficulties or unnecessary hardships, the Secretary in his discretion may grant variatio n s from any such rule or re g u la tio n , or par ticular provisions thereof, and permit the use of other or dif ferent d evices if he* finds that the purpose of the rule or regulation w ill be observed by the variation and the safety of employees w ill be equally secured thereby. A ny person affected b y such rule or reg u latio n, or his ag en t, may re quest the Secretary to grant such variation, stating in writing the grounds on which his request is based. A n y authoriza tion by the Secretary of a variation shall be in writing, shall describe the conditions under which the variatio n shall be permitted, and sh all be published as provided in section 3 of the Administrative Procedure Act {ch. 3 2 4 , 6 0 Stat. 2 3 7 ], as am ended. A properly indexed record of a ll variations sh all be kept in the office of the Secretary and open to public inspection. " (e ) The United States district courts, together with the District Court for the Territory of A lask a, shall have jurisdic tion far cause shown, In a n y action brought b y the Secre tary, represented as provided in the Act of M ay 4 , 1928 (ch. 5 0 2 , 4 5 Stat. 4 9 0 ), as amended, to restrain violations of this section or of any ru le, reg u latio n , or order of the Secretary adopted to carry out the provisions of this section. " ( f ) A n y em ployer w h o , w illfu lly , v io la te s or fa ils or refuses to com ply with the provisions of subsection (a) of 110 this section, or with any law ful rule, regulatio n, or order adopted to carry out the provisions of this section, and any employer or other person who w illfu lly interferes with, hinders, or delays the Secretary or his authorized representa tive in carrying out his duties under subsection (c) of this Sec tion by refusing to admit the Secretary or his authorized representative to any place, or to permit the inspection or examination of any employment or place of employment, or who w illfully hinders or delays the Secretary or hs author ized representative in the performance of his duties in the enforcement of this section, shall be guilty of an offense, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished for each offense by a fine of not less than $ 1 0 0 nor more than $ 3 ,0 0 0 ; and in any case where such employer Is a corpora tion, the officer who w illfully permits any such violation to occur shcsll be guilty of an offense, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished also for each offense by a fine of not less than $ 1 0 0 nor more than $ 3 ,0 0 0 . The liability hereunder shall not affect any other liability of the employer under this Act. "(9 ) (1) The provisions of this section shall not opply in the case of any employment relating to the operations for the exploration, production, or transportation by pipeline of mineral resources upon the navigable waters of the United States, nor under the authority of the Act of August 7 , 1953 (ch. 3 4 5 , 6 7 Slat. 4 6 2 ), nor in the case of any employment In connection with lands (except filled In, made or reclaimed lands) beneath the* navigable waters as defined In the Act of May 2 2 , 195^ (ch, 6 5 , 67 Stat. 29) nor In the case of any employment for which compensation in case of dis ab ility or death Is provided for employees under the au thority of the Act of M ay 17, 1928 (ch. 6 12, 45 Stat. 600), as amended, nor under the authority of the Act of August 16, 1 9 4 (ch. 3 5 7 , 55 Stat. 6 2 2 ), as amended. " (2 ) The provisions of this section, with the exception of paragraph (1) of subsection (b), shall not bo applied under 111 1 the authority of iho Act of September 7, 1916 (ch. 45B, 39 Stal. 7 4 2 ), a s am ended." SEC. 2. The term "Secretary" as used In this Act and In amendments made by this Act means the Secretary of Labor. Approved August 2 3 , 1958. 112 BUREAU OF LABOR STANDARDS FIELD OFFICES North Atlantic Aria Great Lakes Area A rto Office) 1Oth Floor--Warner Building 325 Wert 44Ih Street New York 36, N.Y. Columbus 5 -6 2 2 4 -- Ext. 24, 25 Area Office) 20 W , Jackson Boulevard Room 1406 Chicago 4 , III. Harrison 7 -2 0 0 7 , 2008 18 Oliver Street Room 504 Bolton 10. M ail, liberty 2-2115 308 Engineers Bldg. 1365 Ontario Street Clevefond 14, Ohio Cherry 1 -7900-- Ext. 529 811 Lafayette Building 5lh and Chestnut Streets Philadelphia, Po. WA 3-2400-- Ext. 674 South Atlantic Area' Area Office) Calvert Building Fayette and SI. Paul Streets Baltimore 2, Md. Plaza 2-84O-- Ext. 750 U.S. Post Office and Courthouse Building Savannah, Ga. AD 4-8546 Rooms 609-610 126 West Adams Street Jacksonville 2, Fla. Elgin 6-3673 , I Room 231--Franklyn Building Duke and Brambleton Streets Norfolk, Va. Madison 7-1019 G ia r Aria Area Office: 5 3 1 Federal 8vildmg 600 South Street New Orleans 12, La. Express 2411-- Ext. 6166 211-213 Baler Bldg. 6731 Harrisburg Street Houston 11, Tex. Walnut 6 -1 7 1 1 . *210 Federal Office Bldg. 1927 Post Office Street Galveston, Tox. Southfield 3-3114 435 Federal Building St. Joseph and St. Louis Streets Mobile 10, Ala. Hemlock 2 -3 6 4 1 -- Ext. 220 (Continued, p. ! 14>) 113 Pa c ific A r ia Areo Officer 3 1 9 Balboa Building 5 9 3 Market Street Son Francisco 5 , C a lif. Yukon 4 - 3 1 1 1 - Ext. 2387 10 2 5 Time* Building Long Beach, C a lif. Hemlock 2 -9 8 5 2 4 0 1 - 4 0 2 U .S . Court H o u Seattle 4 , W ash. Mutual 2 - 3 3 0 0 -- Ext. 504 3 13 A U .S . Court House (O ld) Portland 4 , Oreg. Capital 6 -3 3 6 1 -- Ext. 79B 114 Subject INDEX Abrasive blasting, equipment..................... Abrasive wheels Fit on spindles. ........................................ Guardi, alignment o f........................... Guarding o f............................................... Inspection and test. . ........................... Portable, guarding o f........................... Portable, safely flange*........................ Spindle speed............................................ Use of protective equipment............ Work rests.................................................... Access Boarding vessels afloat........................ Bulwark to deck........................................ Gangway to dock.................................... Illuminalion o f................... .. ............... ... Illumination of gangways.................. Placement of gangw ays...................... To barges and river towboats. . . . To cargo spaces....................................... To confined spaces, requirement for. To exits and fire equipment............... To floating drydocks...................%. . . To sieging.................................................... To vessels. . . . ...................................... To vessels In drydock............................ Yia Straight and Jacob' s ladders. . Warning signs, i . . . ........................ . Accident Reporting Requirements............... Accommodation ladder, use of duckboard.................................................................... Acetone, precautions for use........................ Acid gases, approved canister fo r............ Acids, protection against. . . . . . . . . . . . Adapters, interchange oF hoses. . . . . . . Air hose, tripping hazards, ..................... .. .. Airline respirators............................................... 115 Section 8 .2 3 (c )(1 ), 8 .7 4 (h )... 8 .7 4 (e )... 8 .7 4 (a )... 8 .7 4 (g )... 8 .7 4 (c).. . 8 .7 4 (c)(d )(f)... 8.74(f). . . 8 .7 4 ),... 8 .8 l(a )(b ).. . 8 .7 4 (b ).. . 8 .4 4 (a ).. . 8 .4 4 (a )(9 )... 8 .4 4 (a )(7 )... 8.52(a). . . 8 .4 4 (o )(!1 ).. . 8.44(o)( 1 2 ) . .. 8.44(c). . . 8 .4 6 . . . 8 .3 1 (b )(2 )... 8.51(d). . . 8 .4 5 .. . 8 .4 K IH 3 J... 8 .4 4 .. . B.44(b). . . 8 .4 6 (c )... 8 .1 5 . . . Part 1 0 . . . 3 .4 4 (o K 5 }... 8 .2 2 (b )(1 )... 8 .8 2(c)(2).. . 8 .2 2 (b )(3 )... 8.35(e)(3). . . 8 .5 1 (a )... .2 4 (a )[l)(b ){1 3 ), 8.31(b)(3), 8 .8 2 (a )(5 ) 8.31(c)(2), 8 .8 2 (d )(1 )... P 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 4, 5< 41 5: 5( 5C 5C 52 22 . 53 51 45 43 50 52 14 100 49 16 79 16 30 52 .18 22 78 22 80 I "1TTr T?!5^ v^ ' Subject Stellen A ir lo c i* , h and ling o f ......................................... A llie s , housekeeping o f ........................ A lk a lie s , protecllon'ogalnst................................ Alum inum d u ili, protection a g a lm l............. Am endm ent of r e g u la t io n * ............................. Am erican Bureau of Shipping A p p licab le standard.................................... Certification of g al c h e m iil................... American Sland ard i Association, Inc. H ead, eye, ond respiratory protection Z 2 .1 ........................................ Ladder*, portable, metal A 1 4 .2 .. . la d d e r*, portable, wood A l 4 . 1 , . . Reference specification*, standards. . and co d e s.................................................... Am m onia g a s, protection ag ain st................... Am yl a c e ta te , protection a g a in st................ .. A n n e a lin g , c h a in *...................................................... Appendix t A rsenic dusts, protection a g a in st................... Atmosphere, explosive Use of powder actuated lo o l*............. Atmosphere* im m ediately dangerous la life D efinition o f ..................................................... Em ergency equipment requirements. G a ss y atm osphere*....................................... O xyg e n deficient atmospheres............. Respiratory protection................................ Atm ospheric test*....................................................... Em ployer's records........................................ [See Testing, requirement for) Atomic Energy Com m ission. ............................. Bockrails B ackrails, swinging scaffold. . . . . . . G e n e ra l requirem ents................................. G u a rd ra ils , sw inging sc a ffo ld ............. H o rse *. .......................................................... Independent pole meial icaFfold. . . Independent pole wood scaffold. . . . O n p a in t flo ats............................................... 116 8 .7 1 (b ).. . 8 .5 1 (a )... B .22(b )(3),. . B.82(d)(2). . . 8 .8 .. . 8 .0 (a )... 8 .1 3 (a )... 8 .8 3 (b )... 8 .4 2 (a )(4 )... 8 .4 2 (a )(6 )... 8 .6 (a )... 8 .0 2 (c)(2 )... 8 .2 2 (a ).. . 8 .6 4 (f)... 8 .8 2 (d )(2 )... 8 .7 5 (a )(2 )... 8 .8 2 (b )(1 )... 8 .8 2 (b )(3 )(4 ), 8 .8 4 (b )(2 )... 8 .1 1 (a )(1 )... 8.82(b)(3). . . 8 .1 1 (b )... 8 .8 2 (b )(2 )... 8 .1 4 (F )... 8 .3 7 ... 8 .4 1 (e )(9 )... 8 .4 1 (1 )0 )... e .4 1 (i)... 8.41(e)(6). . . 8 .4 1 (f)(6 )... 8 .4 1 (c)(8 )... 8 .4 1 (b )(9 )... 8 .4 1 (F)(4 )... Peg 70 52 16 80 10 9 12 81 46 46 9 79 15 67 . 84 80 74 78 79 82 10 79 11 78 14 34 40 45 44 40 43 38 37 45 5vbc d Section Bock rails-- Continued Specifications and ty p e ............................. Trestle ladders . . ........................................... Barge Access to .............................................................. Definition o f , ................................................... In drydock. .................................................... Use of ramp* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Barrel Of powder actuated fo a l*....................... Bose section extension trestle ladder (See Trestle ladder*) Bearers, wood and melai scoffolds. . . . Beryllium, precautions fo r. ............................ ... Benzol, precautions fo r................ Bilge keels, w stding an d heoling precau* tion*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blocks, rigging for swinging scaffold ........... Booms, w elding, cutting and heoling. . . . Bracing, application of Independent po le wood and metal scaffold s......................................................... Bridles, supporting g a n g w a y s.......................... Bulk cargo space* Hot work ce rtificatio n . . . . . . . . . . . Precautions before entering................... Bulwark, access from , to d e ck .......................... Burner hose, tripping h a za rd ............................. Burning On staging, restriction o f ....................... Points, restriction o f .................................... Bulbs, temporary lig hts, guarding o f. . . . Bureau of Labor Standards Field O ffices. . Coble . 1 Ground on temporary lights................... G ro unding c a b le s on w eld in g ma- Splicing restrictions on welding co b les. .......................................................... Welding cables and connectors. . . . Cadmium, precautions f o r .................................... Cadmium dusts, protection against................ Carbon dioxid e, protection ag a in st............. 117 B.41(l)( 1 K 2 ) ... 8,4 !(d)( 1 0 ) . . . 8 .4 4 (a )... 0 .3 (g )... 6 .4 4 (b ).. . B .4 4 [c )(l}... 8 .7 5 (b )(1 )... 8 .4 1 (b )(5 ).. . 8 .3 1 (c )(2 )... 8 .2 2 (b )(1 )... 8 .3 4 [c ](d )... S .4 1 [e )(2 H 6 ]... 8.3 4 (< J(d )... 8 .4 1 (b )(6 )... 8t4 1 (c)(3 )(6 ).. . B .4 4 (a )(8 ).. . 8 .1 3 (a )... B .l 1 (a )(1 )... 8 .4 4 (o X 9 |... B .5 1 (a ).. . 8 .4 1 (c )(8 )... 8 .2 3 (b )(1 )... 8 .5 2 (b )(1 )... 8 .52(c). . . 8 .3 6 (c)(1 )(5 }... 8 .3 6 (b )(2 K 3 )... 8 .3 6 (b )... 8 .3 1 (c )... 8 .8 2 (d )(2 )... 8.82(b ). . . Poi 4 3 41 5 5C 75 37 22 16 27 39 27 37 37 50 12 10 50 52 35 17 53 113 53 32 32 31 22 80 78 i: i K{j: 1 I H jf lit! ti! * i^ Kl tx Sublet Seelion Carbon m onoxide, protection a g a n s l. . . . Cargo drafts and gangway location, , , . . Cargo spaces Access l o . . . ..................................................... Cold w ork and cleaning I n ..................... Fumigation o f .................................................... G assy atm ospheres...................................... Hazardous, precautions f o r ................. ... Limitation of w ork In non-g as free sp a c e s.............................................................. Oxygen deficient atmospheres. . . . . Precautions before en tering .................... Unsafe fixed ladders I n . . . . . . . . . Use of protective equipment in . . . . Use o f straight end Ja co b 's la d d e rs. Cargo stow age, la d d e r c le a ra n c e s .............. Cellulose dusts, protection a g a in st................. Cement dusts, protection a g a in st.................... Certificated gas chem ist*........................ i . . . . Chain falls C apacity m a rk in g *........................... Inspection o f ...................................................... Chains (5ee Slings} Allow ance for itfe tc h .................................. Choin fa lls , in sp e ctio n ............................... Safe working loads not in ta b le *. . Chemical corlridge re sp ira to r............................ Chemical point rem overs, precautions fo r. Chief engineers, m aintaining gas free conditions .................................................................. Chipping and scaling (See M echanical paint re m o v e r*}.. . Chlorinated solvents (See Toxic solvents) Inert-gas m elat-are w e ld in g , restrictio n s.............................. ... Chlorine g as, protection a g a in s t .................. Chocks, lifeboat, requirement f o r . . . . . . ChromTc a d d m ists, protection a g a in st. . . Chromium dust*, protection a g a in s t. . . Chromium, welding precautions. . . . . . . . Circuit breaker, grounding c irc u its .............. Circuits Conductors on tem porary lights carryng grounding w ir e ......................... 118 8 .8 2 {c ](2 }... 8 .4 4 (g] ( 1 2 |... 8 .4 6 . . . 8 .1 2 ... 8 .1 1 (a )(1 )... 8 .1 1 (a )... 8 .1 1 (a }(b )... 8 .1 2 (a )(3 )... 8 .1 1 (b )...8 .1 1 (a ). . . 8 .4 6 (b ). . . 8 .1 2 (a ). . . 8 .4 6 (c). . . 8 .4 6 (d ).. . 8 .8 2 (d )(2 ). . . 8 .8 2 (d )(2 )... 8 .1 3 (a ).. . 8 .6 7 (a ).. . 8 .6 7 (b ). . . 8 .6 4 (c). . . 8 .6 7 (b ).. . 8 .6 4 (a )... 8 .8 2 (c )(2 )... 8 .2 2 . . . 8 .1 4 (c )... 8 .2 3 . . . 8 .3 1 (d ).. . 8 .8 2 (c )(2 )... 8.56[o )(b ), . . 8 .82(d )(2). 8 .8 2 (d )(2 ). . 8 .3 1 (c ).. . 8 .3 6 (c)(5 ). . . 8 .5 2 (c). . . Pag 79 50 52 11 10 10 10 12 11 10 52 11 52 52 B0 - 80 12 69 69 64 69 5B 79 15 13 16 23 79 55 80 80 22 33 53 vil . / Subject Section Page Grcuits-- Continued Grounding, using structure of vessel. Power lo vessels from outside source. 8.72(b). . . 71 8.53(b). . . 54 Precautions before energising from outside source....................................... 8 .5 3 ( b ) ( 1 ) ... 54 Circular saws, portable, guarding o f. . . . 8 .7 1 (c )... 71 Cleaning and other cold w ork...................... 8 .1 2 .., 11 Geantng solvents . i ............................................. 8.21 . . . IS Cleats Independent pole wood scaffolds. . , Splice cleats, size and loca- lio n .................................................. 0 .4 1 (b )(3 )... 35 Supporting cleats, light-duty scaffolds....................................... 8 .4 1 (b )(2 )... 35 ladders/ splicing requirem ent,. . . . B .4 2 (a X 2 )... 46 Portable wood dented ladder Cross section......................................... 8 .4 2 (b )(8 )... 48 Dimensions and construction.___ (Up to 30 f t .}.................................. 8.42(b ). . . 47 (From 3 0 -6 0 f t .}............................. 8 .4 2 (c )(1 )... 48 Material and construction............... 8 .4 2 (b )(7 )... 47 Swinging scaffold, plonk type Plank deals, size and location.. 8 .4 1 (e )(l 2 | . I . 41 Closures Tank, affecting gas-free conditions. . 8.14(c). . . 13 Coal and coke dusts, protedlon against. . 8 .8 2 (d )(2 ). . . 80 Coatings, heatth-sonilotion requirements. . 8 .5 7 (a). . . 56 Codes, standards and specification*............ 8 .6 ... 9 Cold work Cleaning and other cold w o r k .. . . Definition o f................................................ Explosion-proof l amps. . . . . . . . . . Non-gas free spaces............................. 8 .1 2 . . . 11 8.3 (c). . . 7 8.12(b). . . 12 3.12(a). . . 11 Ventilallon and'respiratory require ments ............................................................. 8 .1 2 (a X 2 )... 12 Combustible liquid cargo spaces. . . . . . . B .n (a )(l)... 10 (See Cargo spaces) Cleaning and other cold work. . . Hoi work requirements............... ........... Combustible liquids and gase* 8.12... 11 8 .1 3 .. . 12 Gas freeing before hot work is begun........................................................ Comportments, inerted....................................... Posting of warning signs............ .. 8 .1 3 . . . 12 8 .1 5 . . . 14 119 . y ' V *' t . -* f IR wzmfi,s 'r. '1i!!,T''1il" M .*f ; t 'h < v .t l , . %/ .7 H\ vM ; *? 1 '.'.f t i ' ' & 5H i X .V 'M tk 5ub[*ct Scllen Page Competent pcnon Atmospheric tait*. ................................ ... 8 .1 1 ( 0 X 1 ) ..- 10 Cleaning and cold work................. , , 8 .1 2 ( = X 1 |... 11 Definition o f.............; ............................... Gassy atmospheres.................................. 0 .3 (l)... 7 8 .1 1 (a )... 10 Panll and lank coaling*. . . . . . . . 8 .2 i(b X l|... 19 Power cables tnspeclton....................... 8 .2 4 ( b ) ( 0 ) ... 20 Prservaliy coaling*.............................. 8 .3 3 ( c ) ( 1 ) ... 26 Retesting........................................................ 8 .1 4 (d ).. . 13 Use of radioactive moleriol*. . . . . . 8 .3 7 (b )... 34 Welding, culling end beating hollow mlai containers ond structure*.. 8 .3 4 (c )... 27 Compliance, responsibility for. . . . . . . . . Compressed gas cylinders 8 .2 . . . 5 Care, treatment and use restrictions. 8 .3 5 (c ). 29 Confined space restrictions,. . . . . . 8 .3 5 (b )(4 )... 28 Connecting regulators. .......................... 8 .3 5 (d )... 29 Damaged or defeclive cylinders,. . 8.35(c)(3). . . 29 Handling ....................................................... 8 .3 5 ( a ) ( 3 ) ... 28 Hoisting......................................................... 8 .3 5 ( a ) ( 2 ) ... 28 m Interstate Commerce Commission identification and inspection re quirements ............................................. 8 .3 5 (e )(2 )., . 29 Leaky gas cylinders................................ 8 .3 5 (d )(5 ).. . 30 Placing near electrical circuits. . . . 8 .3 5 ( b X 2 )._ . 2B Placing near sources of ignition or heat........................................................... 8 .3 5 ( b X lX 3 ) ... 28 B Refilling restrictions................................. 8 - 3 5 (e X 2 )... 29 Special wrench.......................................... 8 .3 5 (d )(2 ). . . 29 Transporting................................................ 8.35[aX4X<5) (7)... 2B Transporting, moving and storing.. 8 .3 5 (a )... 27 Valve protection caps............................. 8 .3 5 (0 X 1 )1 5 )... 27 Confined Spaces Access, means o f...................................... 8 .3 1 ( b ) ( 2 ) ... 22 Burner's, torch and gas hoses, re moval o f................................... ... 8 .3 2 (g )... 25 Communications, maintaining o f . . . 8 .3 1 (b )(3 ). . . 22 Definition o f............................................... Frequent checks of employee............ 8 .3 (m )... 7 8 .5 4 ... 55 Gas cylinder reslridions. . . . . . . . . 8 .3 5 (b )(4 )... 28 Pointing precautions.......................... .... 8 .2 4 ( a ) ( 1 ) ... 18 Respiratory protective equipment 8 .3 1 ( b ) ( 3 ) ... 22 (.1 120 Il : Sublet Srlellon Confined spaces -- Continued Use of power to o ls..................................... Ventilation requirem ents......................... W elding, cutting ond heatin g ............. Connection* for lem porory lig h ts................... Connectors, welding c o b le s ,....................... 8.23[aX4|.,. 8.31(b)(1)... 8. 3U*>)(1K3)-.. 8.52(b)(2)... 8.36(b). . . Contact With steam hoses, protection g a in s t ........................................................ 8.53(a)(4)... Containers * For flammable substances 8.51(e).. . Contaminants, health requirements o g a in s t........................................................................ Contamination, dratnago of ship's w a s te .. 8.57(a)... B. 5 7 ( c ) . . . Cords Exposure to d a m a g e ................................. 8.52(b)(3). . . H eavy duty, for tem porary lights, use o f............................................................. Corrosive cargo sp ace*.......................................... 8.52(b)(2)... a .ll(o )(l).,. ;se Cargo spaces) Corrosive substances, definition...................... 8.3(k).. . Couplings Abrasive blasting hoses.......................... G as h o se s......................................................... Crane, safe operation o f .................................... Operation of, b y m iner*............. 8.23(c)(1)... 8.35(f)(5)... 8.69[bXc]... 8.69(d)... Crass beams Swinging scaffold , beam type, loca tion of ond construction................... 8.41 ( . } ( 1 3 ) . . . Current Flow in grounding circuits...................... Grounding for temporary lighting. . Notifying O fficer In C h a rg e ................ 8.72(b)... 8.52(c)... 8.72(e).. . Cutting, gas (See W eld in g , cutting and heating) Cylinders, compressed gas (See Compressed gas cylinders) Dangerous atmospheres Cargo sp a c e s.................................................. Explosion-proof la m p s.................... ... Fumigated sp a ce s........................................ Gas freeing before hot w ork................ 0.11(a)(1). 8 .1 2 (b ). 3 .1 1 (a )(1 ). 8 .1 3 . Highly toxic, volatile and flammable point solvent*........................................... B. 2 4(b ). 121 Fog 17 22 22 53 31 54 53 56 56 53 53 10 7 17 31 70 70 42 71 53 71 10 12 10 12 19 "T* v.. -Vi A * i ) l j ; 4 ; ; ] i j SuH t Section Pog, Dongerous almospheres -- Continued Maintaining go* free conditions. . , 8 .1 4 (a ).. . 13 Nort-goi fre space*............................... 8.1 2(a). . . 1 | Oxygen deficient atmospheres............ 8 .1 1 (b ).,, It Pain! sp ray in g ....................... 8 .2 4 (a )... 18 Powder actuated too!*, Die o f............ 8.13(a).. , 12 Respiratory protection.............................. 8 .8 2 (a ),,, 76 Dangerous substance* Permissible concentrations....................... Appendix I . . , 84 Deck openings Guarding o f .................................................. 8 .4 3 (a )... 48 Definitions Approx, mg. per cu.M............................... Appendix I . . ' . 84 Atmospheres immediately dangerous to life ............................... 8 .82(b )(1)... 78 Barge ................................................................. 8.3(g )., . 7 Cold-work........................................................ 8 .3 (o j... 7 Competent person..................................... 8 .3(1).,. 7 Confined sp ace............................... 8.3(m). . . 7 Employee....................................... ................. 8 .3 (d )... 6 Employer. ...................................................... 8.3(c).. . 6 G angw ay......................................................... 8 .3 (e )... 6 Hazardous substance............................... 8 ,3 [k j... 7 H o t- w o r k ........................................................ 8 .3 (n j... 7 Mg. per cu. M .................................................. Appendix I . . . 84 M .p .p .c.f........................................... . . v . Appendix I . . . 84 P-P-m...................................................................... Appendix I . , i 84 Related employments............................... S.3(|). . ; 7 River to w b o at............................................... 8 .3 (h )... 7 S e c r e t a r y ......................................................... .. 8 .3 ( b ) ... 6 S h a l l ................................................... Ship re p air..................................................... 8 .3(a)___ 6 8 .3 (ij... 7 ....................................................................................8 .3 ( f ) ... 6 Deformation of chain links Of chain fall hooks. ; , ......................0 .8 7 (b ).. . 69 (See Slings) Disassembly of powder actuated lo o is .. i 8 .7 5 (b }(5 }.'.. 75 Dock, arrangement of gangway net............. 8 .4 4 (a )(6 ).. . * 4? Drums and containers W elding, cutting and heating pre c a u t i o n s ...................................................... Dry dock 8 .3 4 .4. 27 Access to floating drydock.................. * 1 Access to vessels in ............. '................... 8 .4 5 ,1 . 51 '8 .4 4 (b )... 50 122 5ub(*cl Section Dry dock--.Continued Grounding o f................... ........................... Guarding, floor and ends of floating . , Housekeeping.............................................. Machinery on, guarding o f.................. Scope of regulations............................... Width of walkway to floating dry- dock ............................................................ WlngwaJI, drydock*, guarding o f. . Dvckboords Use of fixed tread accommodation ladder. ............. ... . . . . . . Dust concentrations Ventilation requirement* and per sonal protective equipment f o r .. W elding, cutting and heating, re- strlelions of . . . . . . . . . . ............... Dusts Mineral dusts................................................. Toxic dusts, permissible concentra* Eating, Heatth and Sanitation Requirements........................................... .. . Electric Arc Welding (See Welding, cutting and healing) Electric power Supply to vessel or drydock from outside source, precautions............ Electric tools (See Tools) Electric tools and power Notification of vessel's officers prior to use.......................................................... Electric tools, portoble, grounding............. Electrical conductors Use of portable metal ladders odjacent t o . . . : ............................................ Electrical equipment (See Explosion proof equipment) (See Grounding) [See Portable Jights) (See U .5 . Coast Guard) Electrode holders, manual................... ............ 552100 0-60--9 1 2 3 8.53[b )< 1|... 9.45. . . .B .51(o Xb )..8 .7 1 (d )... 8 .4 5 ... 8.2... 8.45(a). . . 8.45, . . 0 .4 4 (a )(5 )... 8 .2 3 (a X 4 )... 8 .3 2 (c )... Appendix 1 .. . Appendix 1. . . 8 .5 7 {a X b )... 8.53(b). . . 8.72(e). . . 8 .2 3 (a )(3 )... 8 .4 2 (a )(5 )... 8.36(o)(d). . . Page 54 51 52 71 51 5 51 51 49 17 24 84 84 56 54 71 17 46 31 . V Subject Section Peg* Emergency la d d e r*.................................................... 8 .8 4 (c )(4 ). 03 Emergency lighting for temporary lights. . 8 .5 2 (d ). 54 Emergency measures Dangerous atm ospheres.......................... 8 .8 2 (b ). 78 D u ratio n of v e n tila tio n in pointed < sp a c e s............................................................ 8 .2 4 (b )(3 ), IP V entilation fa ilu r e ....................................... 8 .2 4 (b )(2 ). 19 Emergency rescue equipment A vailab illly of equipment 8 .8 2 (b )(4 ). 79 . . . . Care and maintenance of equipment. 8 .8 2 (a )(3 ). 77 Lim itation o f work in atmospheres Im m ediately dangerous to l i f e . . . 8 .8 2 (b )(3 ). 79 Respiratory protection 8 .8 2 (a )(3 ). 77 Training of em ployees 8 .B 2 (o ){4 |. 78 Enclosed spaces W elding, culling and healing metals of toxic sign ificance............................. 8 .3 1 (c ). 22 In w a y of preservalive coating s, . . 8 .3 3 . 25 Enlry into spaces, precautions for G a ssy atm ospheres.................................... 8 .1 1 (a ). 10 Initial e n try............... ...................................... 8 .1 1 , 10 O xygen d eficien t.......................................... 8 .1 1 (b ). 11 Epilepsy, winch o p e rato r..................................... 8 .6 9 (c ). 70 Equipment A b rasive wheels .......................................... 8 .7 4 . 72 C h ain f a lls , cap acity o f .......................... 0 .6 7 (a ). 69 Hand to o ls.................................. ..................... 8.73 . 71 Inspection o f .................................................... 8.61 . 57 Portable electric t o o l s . .................... 8.72 . 71 Paw der actuated to o ls. .......................... B.75 . 74 Pow er to o ls ...................................................... 8.71 . 70 Safe operation of cargo gear, quali fications of op erators.......................... 8 .69(b )(c){d ). 70 S afe W o rking Loads ( 5 .W .I .) ............. 8.61 (b ). 57 A llo y steel c h a in Table G - 8 . 66 Hooks, recom. by m f r . . . . . . . 8 .66(a). 63 S h a c k le s................................................. Table G - 1 0 . 68 ' W ro ug hl iron c h a in ....................... Table G - 7 . 65 Safely Factor For manila rope and slings. . . 8 .6 2 . 58 For w ire rope and slings. . . . 8 .6 3 (a ). 58 S k ip s, rigg in g o f .......................................... 8 .6 8 (f). 69 U-boIl c lip s , use o f . . . .......................... Table G - 6 . 64 124 Subject Ssctlen Peg Erection Independent pole m old scaffolds. . . Independent pole wood s c a ffo ld s .. . E xa m in atio n Of supporting ropes for swinging scaffo ld s......................................................... Exhaust duels Arrangem ent of In h ig h ly volatile spray painting...................................... Explosion-proof equipment Lamps, po rtable.............................................. Motors, fans and control equipment. Portable lig h ts.................................................. Use of volatile tank coatings. . . . . Explosive and dangerous cargos Welding and burning restrictions, U5CG regulations. . . . . . . . . . . Explosive atmospheres G as freeing requirements N on -sp arkin g o p p a re l and fool requirem enlt (See Grounding) (See Cargo spaces) S p ray p a in lin g ................................................ Explosive limits Flam m able paint re m o v e ri................. f Explosive substances D e f in itio n ........................................................... Highly flam m able tank co o lin g s.. . Extension section, extension trestle ladder (See Trestle ladders) Eye protection A brasive b la stin g ........................................... A gainst Im p a c t............................................... C h em ical paint re m o v e rs.............. ... Filter lenses Teblo 1-1 ....... ...................... G en eral w eld in g , culling and heat in g ........................... .......................................... Inert-gas metal-are w e ld in g .................... Power tools.................................................. Radiant energy (W e ld in g )....................... (See Personal protective equipment) S h ie ld in g , a rc w e ld in g ........................... Spray painting and tank coaling. . . 125 8.41(cX3)... 37 8.41(b M l)... 35 8 .4 1 (e )(3 )... 39 8 ,2 4 (b X 4 X 5 J... 19 8.12(b).. . 12 8.24(b X5|... 19 8.24{b X7|... 20 8.24(b). . . 19 8.32. . . 24 8.24(b )(9)... 20 8 .24(b )... 19 8.22(b)'. . . 16 8.3(k). . . 7 8 .24(b )... 19 8 .2 3 (c )(3 )... 8.B 1(b]. . . 8 .2 2 (a )... B .8 1 (c X 2 )... 17 76 15 76, 77 8 .3 1 (e )(2 )... 24 8 .3 1 (d )(1 )... 23 8.23(aM l)-.. 16 8.81(c).. . 76 8.36(e).. . 33 8 .2 4 (b )(9 )... 20 t V 41 v*. *4 .1 : * ' } . & J :\ m . ; j - < >} U -fn | ... * V " . >. : / :-.T "` !' .*./ m * S U | 1 *' r !*5i i -xxi& Subject Section Pag Eye protection---Continued Steam guns.............. . , .............................. 8 .2 2 (b )(4 )... 16 When using abrasive w h e e ls .. . ; . . 0 .7 4 (1 )... 73 Eye shields on grinders.................................. .... B .7 4 (j)... 73 Eyesight defective, on winch operator. . . 8.6 9 (c).. . 70 Eyebolts, lead of slings. ................................... 8 .6 8 (d )... 69 Face shields Chemical paint removers. . . . . . . . . 8 .2 2 (b )(3 )... 16 Steam guns.................................................... 8 .2 2 (b )(4 )... 16 Fair water* Welding, cutting ond heating, pre- 1 cautions................ ... ...................... 8 .3 4 (c](d )... 27 Fasteners, powder actuated tools Driven into spalled are as...................... 8 .7 5 (a )(8 )... 74 Penetration precautions. . . . . . . . . . 8 .7 5 (a )(5 )... 74 Placement precautio ns.......................... 8.75(a](6)(7). . . 74 Protection equipment, . . . . . . . . . . 8 .7 5 (a )(9 )... 74 Types of materials...................................... 8 .7 5 (a )(4 )... 74 Fitter lenses................ .................................... 8.81(c). . . 76 Filler type respirators. . . . `. . . . . ............... 8.82(d)[e). . . 80 Fire extinguishing eq u ipm en t....................... Fire hazards, welding and burning 8.32(d ). . . . 25 Additional personnel................................ 8.32(e). . , 25 Burner' s torch and gas supply............ 8 .3 2 (g )... 25 Overhead and adjacent s p a c e s ., . . 8 .3 2 (f)... 25 Preservative coatings................................ 8.33. . . 25 Removal o f..................................................... 8.32[a)(b). . . 24 U .5. Coast Guard requirements. . . 8 .3 2 ., . 24 Fire prevention................... ..................................... 8.32. . . 24 First aid, requirements for, . . . . . . . . . . . 8.58(a). . . 56 Ambulance Service..................................... Attendant......................................................... 8.58(d). . . 57 8.58. . . 56 First aid K it..................................................... 8.58(a](b Xc)... 56 Inspection requirements......................... 8.58(c). : : 57 Room and location..................................... Fissionable m aterials. ......................................... 8.58(a). . . 56 8.37(a). . . 34 Flame lights, use .of in dark space*............. Flame, restrictions 8.52(e). . . 54 For removal of paints and coatings. 8 .2 3 (b )(1 )... 17 Melting preservative coatings............ 8 .3 3 (f)... 26 Flammable compounds W elding, cutting and heating, restrictions................................................. Preservative coatings. . ......................... 8.32(b ).. . 24 8.33... 25 126 Sub [eel Section Flammable compounds^Continued Suhslancei, containment o f.............. 8.51(e). Flammable [quid, cargo bulk........................ 8 .) 1(a)(1). Flammable paint remover*. . . . . . . 8.13{o). 8 .2 2 . Flammable paint*, ventilation........................ Flammable solvent* and tank coatings.. , Flammable jubilance*, definition of. . . . 8.24(a)(3). 8.24(b). 8.3(kl. Flammable vapor*, venlilollan fa r...............8 .2 4 (a )(3 )(b )jl). in structural voids........................... Preservative coatings. ........................... Flanges, safety, on portable abrasive 8.34(c). 8.33(c). pwheels Design and assembly.............................. 8.74(f). For external grinding.............................. For Internal grinding.............................. B.74(c)(1), 8.74(d). Flash point Flammable paint removers.................. 8.22(b)(1). Highly flammable paints ond lank . coatings.............................. Preservative coating* (hardened), , 8.24(b). 8.33(a), Preservative coatings (soft).................. 8.33(c). Floats, paint, requirements fo r............... 8.41(i)(4). Flooring strips Swinging scaffold, ladder type. Spacing and dealing o f................. Flour dusts, protection against................... . 8.41(e)(l 1). 8,82(dX2). Foundation Independent polo metal sc a ffo ld ... 8.41(c)(4). Independent pole wood sc a ffo ld ... 8.41(b)(1), Freshly painted spaces. ........................ .. B .l 1(b). Fuel ga* cylinder* (See Compressedrgos cylinders) (See Welding equipment, gas) Fume* and misls, permissible concentra t i o n s . . ! . , ........................................... Appendix!. Fumigated Atmosphere* dangerous to life. . . , Space*............................................................ 8.82(b)(1). 8.11 (a)(1). Fuse on grounding circuit............... 8.36(c)(5). Gangway ' Access from bulwark to d e ck ............. Access lo .floating drydock. . . . . . . 8.44(a)(9) 8 .4 5 . Access to vessels in drydock.. . . . . 8.44(b). 127 Pag* 53 10 12 15 19 19 7 19 27 26 73 72 73 16 19 25 26 45 40 80 37 35 11 84 78 10 33 50 51 50 1-U . > S ; D t ! h: Im i iitir gS` iilil 85 3$ wr 'iSi i-iP, '5 i i Ki- if M 11 m PI I #i: a ! !| 1 !>ti i \i tft-?V: It| i, * \ri l;.L . Sub[ri Stdiofi Gangway---Continued Bridging from dock. .............................. ... Definition o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Height of roil mid-rail and rail material. ................................................. Location with respect to cargo drafts.. Obstructions................... ... - Supporting bri dle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Width of w alkway...................................... Garbage, Health requirements.. . . . . . . . Gas chemist..................... .. Gas cutting Confined spaces, fire precautions. . . (See Welding, cutting end healing) G a l free certificates Invalidation o f.............................................. Requirements fo r....................... .. Gas freeing requirements Maintaining gas free conditions.. . Painting end lank coatings.................. Gas welding and burning, .............................. [See Welding, cutting and heating) Gas welding and cutting . (See Welding equipment, gas) Gaseous bulk cargo, spaces..................... Cleaning and other cold work............ Hot work restrictions............................ (See Cargo Spaces} Gases and vapors Permissible concentrations. . . . . . . . Gassy atmospheres Hot work restrictions................................ Precautions before entering.................. {See Cargo spaees) Gauge for steam supply to vessel............... Gear Chain falls............................... .. .................. Chain falls, capacity o f........................... Handling of hull plates. ........................ Inspection o f................................................. Inspection of sling c h a i n s . . . . . . . . Safe Working Loads (S .W .L .)............. 8.44(a)(7) - 8.3(e). . . 0.45(b). . . B,44(a)( 11). . . 8.44(aj[l 2). . . B.44(o}(10). . . 8.44(a)(8). 8.45(a). . . 8 .5 7 (c )... 8.13... 8 .3 2 (g )... B.14(a). . . 8 .1 3 (a )... 8 13 8 .1 4 ... 8.24(b )(3).... 8.11(a)(1).. . 8.12... 8 .1 3 (a )... Appendix 1 . . . 8 .1 3{cs)___ 8.11... 8.53(a)(1). . . 8.67... 3 .6 7 (a ).. . 8.68(b). . . 8.61 . . . 8.64(b). . . 8 .6 1 (b )... 128 Page 49 6 51 50 50 50 50 51 - 56 12 25 13 12 12 13 19 10 11 12 84 12 10 .54 69 69 69 57 58 57 > Subject Sacllan Gear-- Continued Safe working loads For chain and slings, alloy , steel, ........................................... .. For chain and slings, wrought For shackles...................... ................ Hooks, reccm. by mfr. Recom. by m f r . . . . . . . . . . . . . Safety factor Manila rope and s lin g s .. . . . . ' Wire rope and slings. . . . . . . * Ship's, rigging o f. ....................... . . . . . > U-bolt clips, use o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . Use of eyebolts, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gear and equipment for rigging Chains and chain slings. . . . i . . . . Chain f a i l s . .................................................... Hooks......................................... .. Inspection. . . . . . Manila rope and slings........................... Qualifications of operators. . . . . . . Shackles............. ........................ Use of g e a r .................................... General working conditions First a id ............................................................ Health and sanitation................ .. Housekeeping. ...................................... .... Illumination.................................................... Utilities........................................................... .. Work in confined spaces........................ Work in or on lifeboats................ .. Work on or in vicinity of radar and radio. . . . | ....................... ................. .. Goggles (See Eye protection) Grab rails For fixed staging access ladders. . . Grinding wheels (Sea Abrasive wheels) Grounding Grcuils, checking o f. . . . . . . . . . . Of portable electric foots...................... Of temporary ligh ts. . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Table G - 8 . . . Table G - 7 . . . Table G - 1 0 . . . 8 .6 6 (a )., . 8 .6 5 (a )... * 8.62... 8 .6 3 (a )... 8.69(a). . . 9.6 3 (c).. . 6 .68(d ).. . 8.64... 8.67. . . 8.66... 8.61... 8.62... B .6 9 ... 8 .6 5 ... 8.68. . . 8 .6 3 ... 8.58... 8.57. . . 8.51... 8.52... 8.53. . . 8.54... 8.56... 8 .5 5 ... 8 .410)13).., 8 .7 2 (b )... 8 .7 2 (a ).. . 8 .5 2 (c).. . Pag 66 65 68 68 67 58 58 70 58 69 . 58 69 68 57 58 70 67 69 58 . 56 56 52 53 54 55 55 55 45 71 : 71 53 IT Iff M . i *i&i,vTiT9* :*{ .j I { * m L :, 4i r.;A-V.n |Af-r V v t . /* V n > '.\ * ?! \ ;T ?A . v -fi}' v > :# * # # ;iI #::'*#"{* im *f!' -vJ . V' 'f.c*- Subjad ! iciion Poga Grounding -- Continued O f vessels In d ryd o ck................................. Portable electric to o ls................................. Solvent d ru m !.................................................. Spray gum and paint pots, . . . . . . Use of pipe lines and structures. . . . W elding m ach in e !. .................................... Guardi For tem porary lig h t!.................... ... On ab rasive w h e e l!.................................... On moving machinery on drydocki. . On portable circular sa w s....................... Used on powder actuated tool!. . . . Gypium dust!, protection against.................... Hand ra il! Deck O pen in g s................................................ Drydock stairs and w in g w a lls............. G an g w a ys, minimum h e ig h t................. Height o f, on Fixed stag in g ................... In floating d ryd o ck....................................... M an h o le s............................................................ On access to d rydocks.............................. On steps from b u lw a rk ............................. . On w a lk w a y s from g ang w ays to d o c k ................................................................. Other op ening s and deck edge a re a s ................................................................ Hand tools Care of wooden h and les.......................... Im pact, mushroom h e a d !....................... Use of sprung w re n ch e s................. ... Use of u n sa fe . ............................................... Handling of gas cy lin d e rs. ....................... Hangers Construction o f . . . . . . . ......................... On beam type suspended scaffolds. . On plank type suspended scaffolds. . Sw inging sc a ffo ld ........................................ Hard h a ts.......................................................................... Hatchei, guarding o f................................................ H azard, piling of construction m aterial. . . Hazardous spaces (See Atmospheres, hazardous) 8 .5 3 (b )(1 )... 55 8 .2 3 (a )(3 )... 17 8 .2 4 (b )(1 1 )... 20 8 ,2 4 (b )(1 2 ).. . 20 8.36(e). . . 32 8.36(e). . . 32 8 .5 2 (b )(1 )... 53 8 .7 4 . . . 72 8 .7 1 (d )... 71 8 .7 1 (c )... 71 8 ,75(a)(6). . , 74 t.8 2 [d )[i)[2 )... ; 00 8 .43. . . 48 8.45... 51 8.44(a)(2). . . 49 8 .4 1 (|K 2 )... 45 8 .4 5 (c ).,. 51 8.43..; 43 8 .4 5 (b )... 51 8.44(a)(9). . . 50 8.44(a)(7). . . 49 8.4 3 . . . 43 8.73(d). . . 72 B ,7 3 (c).. . 72 8 .7 3 (b ). 72 ` B.73(a), . . 71 8.35(a). . . 27 8 .4 1 (e )(5 ).'.. 9.41(e)(1 3 ). . . a .4 !(e )(l2 )... 8 .4 1 (e )(4 )... 8 .8 3 . . . 8 .4 3 (b )... 8 .5 1 (b )... 40 42 41 40 81 1 4B 53 130 ' Subject Section Hazardous substance! Control of, in certified pace*............. Definition o f . . . . . . . . .................. Hazardous vapor*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j . Head protection '* General requirements............................... Slondordi ond pacifications f o r .. , Health hazard*, employers requirements. . Health requirement* when using points ond solvent*............. ........................................... Heart disease, winch operator......................... Heating, flame (See W elding, cutting ond heating) Helmets, welders' .................................................... Hoisting apparatus ' Operation of minors.'. .................. Safe operation o f....................................... Hollow structures Welding, culling ond healing, pre Hooks cautions.................................................. Attachment of idle slings. Inspection o f......................... ........................ Riding the. . . . . . ............. ........................... Safe working loads determined by mfr. ond tests.................................... . . . Supporting, painter's twinging scaf fold, dimensions..................................... Throat, application of lo a d . , , . ,, . . Horse scaffolds B.14(o), 8 .3 (k j. 8 .14(d). 8 .8 3 . 8 .6 . 8.21(d). 8 .6 7 (a ). 8.69(c). 8 .8 1 (c )(1 ).. 8.69(d), . 8 .6 9 [b )(c ).. 8.34.. 8.6 8 (g ).. 8 .6 6 (c).. 8.68(h). . 8 .6 6 (a ).. 8 .4 1 (e )(1 ).. 8.66(b). ., Repair o f..................................'...................... Specifications for the construction of wood horses........................ ... Spread of legs. .................. . ..................... Strength offother ma t e r i a l s . . . . . . 7 Hose* 8 .4 1 (f)(4 )... Table c -3 . . . 8.41(f)(3). . . 8.41(f)(2). . . Avoidance of tripping h azard ............ For leant supply for vessels. . . . . . Protection against chafing and 8.51 ( a) . . 8.53(a). . . damage....................................................... 8 .S 3 (a)(3 )(4 ). . . Safety factor for................................................. 8 .5 3 (a )(2 )... Shielding o f..................................................... 8 .5 3 (a )(4 )... 131 Pog. 13 7 13 81 i 5( 7( 7t 7C 7C 2; 7C 6E 7C dfl 3i 63 43 43 41 41 51 54 54 54 54 _____L _____ .** ' x Subject Section Hoi i -- Continued Support of hots bights. ........................ B .53 (a X 3 )... Use of, for lowering loots. . . . . . . . 8.71(a). . . Hoses, obrostvs blasting, requiremenls for Couplings, nozzles and attachments. . 8.23(cX1). Inspection............................................ .. 8 .23(cX 2J... Protection against slotic electricity.. 8.23 (c)(1 )... Hoses, fuel gaS Identification o f..................................... ..... 8.35(1X1)... Restriction on adapters for manifold! connections........................................ ..... 8.35(eX3).. . Hoses, oxygen Couplings and connections............... . 8.35(f)(5). . . Identification o f.................................. 8 .3 5 (1 X 1 )... Inspection requirements......................... l*35(f)(3)(4),. , Restriction on adapters for manifold connections...................................... 8 .3 5 (e X 3 )... Storage box requirements. .................. 8.35[fX 6).,. Hot work Definition o f.................................................. B.3(nJ.. . Gas free certificate..................................... 8 .1 3 .. . Maintaining gas free conditions. . . 8 .1 4 (a )...' Non-gas free spaces.................................. 8.14(b ).. . Powder actuated tools, prohibition o f................................................................................... 8 .1 3 ( a ) ... Preservative coatings. ............................ 8 .1 4 (e )... Prohibition o f. . . . ..................... 8 .1 3 (a )... Slopping of, and retesting. . . . . . . 8 .1 4 (d )... Housekeeping Elimination of slippery conditions.. 8.51(c). . . Fire resistant containers for flam mable substances................................. 8.51(e).. . Free access la exits, fire extinguishers and alarm boxes.................................. 8 .5 1 (d )... Good housekeeping, maintenance o f....................................................... 8.51(a)(b). . . Hull plates Handling of, use of d ip s, longs ond hooks........................................................... 8 .6 8 (b )... Padding slings. ........................................... 8.68(e). . . Use of lag lines........................................... 8.68(c). . . Hydrocyanic acid gps.......................... ... . . . . 8.8 2 {cX 2 )... Illumination Access lo vessels. .................................... 8 ,4 4 (0 X 1 1 ).. 132 Page 54 70 17 17 17 30 30 31 30 31 30 31 7 12 13 13 12 14 12 13 53 53 53 52 6? 69 69 79 50 Sub] eel Section illumination From outside source................ Grounding of temporary lig h ts.. . . . Heavy duly cords for temporary lights and precautions fo r. . . . . . . . . . Portable lights, ....................................... Temporary lighls, guards for............... Walkways and working areas............ Impact tools Care of wooden handles........................ Mushroomed heads................................... Powder actuated......................................... Independent pole metal scaffold. . . . . . . (See Scaffolds) Independent pole wood scaffold. ............... (See Scaffolds) Inert-goS melal-orc welding Chlorinated solvent restrictions. . . . Ultraviolet radiation................................. Inerted spaces, warning signs. . . . . . . . . Ingestion of contaminants................................. Inspection Of gear and equipment........................... Of safety bells and life lines............... Safe working loads. ............................... (See Slings) insulation Electrode holders and welding cables......................................................... Of cords on temporary lights............ Use of tapes, rubber, friction............ Interstate Commerce Commission Identification and inspection mark ings, compressed gas cylinders. . Ionizing radiation................................................... Iron ora dusts,, protection against............... Irritant corgOj bulk............................................... Irritants............................ .............................. Jacketed vessels, welding, cutting and healing, precautions................................ Jacob's ladders Access to'cargo spaces. ........................ [See Ladders, straight and Jacob's) Jig, used on powder actuated tools............ 8.52(d). . . 8.52(e). . . 8.52(b X 2K 3)... 8 .5 2 (e ).. . 8 .5 2 (b )(1 )... 8.52(a). . . 8 .7 3 (d )... 8.73(c). . . 8.75. . . 8 .4 1 (c )... 8.41(b ).. . 8 .3 1 (d )(1 )... 8 .3 1 (d )(1 )... 8 .t5 (b X e )... 8.57(a). . . 8.61 . . . 8 .S4(b)(3). . . 8.61(b). . . 8.36{a)(b). . . 8 .5 2 (b )(2 )... 8 .3 6 (b )(4 )... 8 .3 5 (c)(2 )... 8.37(a). , . 8.82(d)(2). . . 8 .1 1 (a )(1 )... 8.3(k). . . 8.34(e). . . 8 .4 6 (c ).,. 8.75(a)(6). . . 133 -, > > . [ I .V /#; 1 " \ i \ t m - : %y; : % ,i . ' .K * I,?. ' . ' ; v v\ . i v i *' Subject Section Pag Jurisdiction, federal maritime. ....................... 8.1. 4 Kingpost! Work on, In vicinity of radar and ra d io .......................................................... 8.55. 55 Kit (See First aid) Knot In chains........................................................ 8 .6 4 (g ). 67 In wire rope................................................ 8.63(d). 58 Ladders Faulty, prohibition against use........... B.42[a)(1). 46 Fixed or portable to fixed staging. . 0.4i(](1). 45 Grab rails from. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 .4 1 (j)(3 ). 45 Integral, to prefabricated staging. . . 8.41(j}(5). 46 Location of, to platform . . . . . . . . . 8.41(|)(4). 46 Portable metal, strength of, ASA Code.......................................................... 8.42(a) 4). 46 Portable, securing of . . . . . . . . . . . , 8.42(a) 3). 46 Portable wood, ASA Code................. 8.42(a 6). 46 Requirements for splicing............ .. 8.42(a) 2) . 46 Use near, electrical conductors........... 8.42(a)(5) 46 Ladders, portable wood elected, construe tion Cross section of d e a ls .......................... 3.42M B). 48 Cross section of side rails. . . . . . . . 8.42(b)(6). 47 Material and specifications for side 8.42(b)( 1){2) rails and cleats.................................... |3)(4H7). 47 Rails and deals, attachment of. . . . 8.42(c)(1). 48 (30 to 60 ft. in length}, . . . . . . . . . 8.42(c). 48 (Up ta 30 ft. length).............................. 8.42(b). 47 Width between side ra ils. . . . . . . . 8.42(b)(5). 47 ladders, straight and Jacob's Access to vessels....................................... 8.44(a)(1). 48 Cargo stowage, clearance require ments.'. ....................................... 8.46(d). 52 Fixed, prohibition of use. .................... 3.46(b). 52 Requirement for corgo spaces........... 8.46(a). 52 Ladders, wood trestle and extension trestle Platforms....................................................... 3.41(d)(9). 39 (See Trestle ladders} lamps, approved for gassy atmospheres. , 8.12(b). 12 Lead base and lead bearing metals W elding, coifing and heating, pre cautions for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.31(0X1)12).,.-. .22 134 Subject Section Lead duitl Protection against................................... Ledgers, Independent polo woodscaffold, . License, AEC, use of radioactive mate rials............... ....................................................... 8.82(d)(2}. . 8.41(b)(4). . 8.37(b). . Lifeboats Personnel In boots. ................................ Precaution* to be taken before work. Life lines Inspection requlremenls.......................... Safety bells, when required................. Use of, In atmospheres dangerous to li f e ............................................................. Use of, on paint floats.......................... Use of, on scaffolding and sieging, . 8.56(b). . 8.56(a). . 8.84(b)(3), . 8.84(b)(1). . 8.84(b)(2), , 8.41(r)[4). . B.4l(i){3)(4) Life rings.................................................................. Life vests................................................................... Lights Emergency lighting.................................. From outside source. : .......................... Grounding of temporary....................... Heavy duly cords fo r............................. Precautions for cords.............................. Temporary, guards fo r........................... 8 .8 4 (c ).. 8 .8 4 (a ).. 8.52(d). . 8.52(d). . 8 .5 2 (c ).. 8 .5 2 (b )(2 ).. 8.52(b)(3]. . 8 .5 2 (b )(1 ).. Lines, hand, for handling fools..................... %8.71(a). . Links (See Slings) Liquids . . . Combustible ................................................ 8.13.. Flammable , .! ............................................. 8.13. . Load, riding the.................................................... 8 .6 8 (h ).. Local exhaust ventilation Requirements and specifications. . . . 8 .3 1 (a )(1 ).. (See Yentiialion) ... Welding,. cutting ond heating of metafs f toxic significance........... 8.31(c). . Lower explc'slve limit, ventilation Precaution* when ventilation fails. . B.24(b)(2). . Requirements when painls produce flommable vapors. ........................... 8.24(a)(3). . Requirements when using paint re- movers........................ ............ 8 .2 2 (b )(1 ).. 135 j - / ' *** '. ^ . s. . .*? 5-15 '* f M - ... -;r ! i% * WA \ V Y .tt <i . ` 1 Subject Section Fog Lumber Dimensions for Beam lype winging scaffold, stringer, cross beams end platform...................................... 8 .4 l(e ) [l3 ).. 42 Cleats................................................. 8 .4 2 [b H 8 }.. 48 Horse scaffolds............................... Table E - 3 . . 43 Independent pole scaffold mem Table E - l i . 36 bers .................................... Plank type winging scaffold, B .4 l( e ) ( 1 2 ) .. 41 platform and deals................. Rungs, ladder type swinging Scaffold........................................ 8.4l(e)(n).. 40 Scaffolds........................ 8.41(a)(3).. 34 Side roils, ladder type, swing ing scaffold............................... Table E - 2 . . 41 Toeboards, scaffold or staging. 8.41(1X2X5).. 45 Trestle ladders, rail* and base sections....................................... 8.41(d )(2).. 38 Trestle ladders, side roils of extension. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 .4 1 (d )(3 ).. 38 For cleats...................................................... 8 .4 2 (b )(7 ).. 47 for portable wood ctealed ladder side rails . .............................................. (Under 30 ft. length)................. 8.42(b)[l){2) (34).. 47 [From 30 to 60 ft. length}. . . 8.42(cK l ) . . 48 Grade ond specifications for scaf folds.......................................................... 8.41(0)12X4].. 34 Machinery on drydocks, guarding o f. . . . 8 .7 1 (d ).. 71 Maintaining gas free conditions Invalidation of gas free certificate.. 8.14(aJ(d). . 13 Notices, posting and warning lags. . 8 .1 4 ( b X c ).. 13 Ventilation after completion of paint ing ............................................................. 8.24(b X3).. 19 Manganese dusts Protection against............... ... 8 .8 2 (d )(2 ).. 80 Monhoies, guarding o f.................................. . 8 .4 3 (a). . 48 Manifolds Hose connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.35(eX3).. 30 Identification............................................... 8.35(e)(1).. 30 Location and placement o f.................. 8 .3 5 (e X 2 ).. 30 136 Subject Sutton Monila rope and slings Angles of slings ond safety factor, . Safe working loads for.............. .. Marine railways, compliance ydth regula tions ............ * .................................... Masters' responsibilities during hotwork aboard ship. . ................................... Masts Welding, cutting and healing, pre cautions ....................... .......................... Work on, In vicinity of rad ar and radio I : . . . . , .................................... Material handling Chain falls, capacity o f....................... Gear, safe working loads.................... Handling of hutl plofes . . .................. Hooks, recommended by mfr. . . . . . Inspection of gear................................... Qualifications of operators Recommended by m fr.. ....................... Safe working loads, shackles............ (See Slings) Skips, rigging o f ................................ * . U-bolls, number and spacing.............. Materials Construction, housekeeping o f............ Flammable, containers for.............. .. Precaution's for fasteners driven with powder actuated toots. . . . . . . . . Use cf hand lines for handling. . . . Mechanical paint removers Abrasive blasting..................................... Flame re m o v al................................................. Power .ftfols.............................. Mercury-beai'ing metal coalings Wetding, cutting and hooting, pre cautions f or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metal containers.......................................... .. Metal ladders, portable Specifications, standards and codes. Metals of toxic significance Welding, cutting and heating, pre cautions for B.62, . . Table 0 - 1 . . . 8.2(a)... 8 .1 4 (c )... 8.34(c)(d)... 8.55. . . 8.67(a). . . 8.61(b)... 8.68(b)... 8.66(a)... 8.61(a)... 8.69(bXcKd)... 8.65(a)... Table G - 1 0 . . . . 8.60(f)... Tabi G -6 . . . 8.51(b)... 8.51(e)... B.75(a][4](5). . 8.71(a)..-. 8.23(c)... 8.23(b). 8.23(a). . . 8 .3 1 (c X 2 ).., 8 .2 2 (b X !)... 8 .6 (a )... 8.31(cXX2... 137 ; : ;iv i aV i V . #"1/%!& ;; a t / 1 ' <f ( Sub [ad Section Poflt 1-4 ] Naked lights Precautions In flammable almos- .............................................................................. 8 .2 4 ( b ) { 1 0 ) ... 20 1 1 Net, between gangway ond dock.............. * 8.44(a)(6). . . 4? Nitrogen dioxide.................................................. 8.3 1 (d ).., 23 I Non-gas free spaces Cleaning and other cold work . . . . B .12(a)... 11 Non-sparking foot w e ar................................... 0.24(b)(9). . . 20 Non-sparking tools and equipment,. . . . B.24(b)(6), 20 Normalizing, wrought ironchain................. 8.64(f).. . 67 Nozzles Abrasive b lastin g................................... 8 .2 3 (c )(1 )... 17 Inspection of attachments.............. 8.23(c)(1 )( 5 ) .. . 17 Nuclear powered vessels.................................. 8.37(a). . . 34 Oils, fire resislant containers.. . . . ............. 8 .5 1 (e ).., 53 Open flomo * Cleaning and other cold work........... 8.12(b). . 12 Highly volotile paints............................. 8.24(b)(IO). . 20 Restrictions with flammable paint re * Operatinmgoivnesrtsru..c..t.i.o...n...s....f.o...r...c..a..r..g..o.....g...e..a.r. . . . 8*.282.6(b9)((b1)).... 7106 Operators Of powder actuated tools.................... 8.75(b). . 74 Qualifications of, for operating ship' s gear........................................................... 8.6?.. 70 .r ! ; Organic vapors : 1i Personal protective equipment........... 8.82(c)(2). . 79 Overboard discharges, requirements for. . 8.57(c). . 56 Oxidizing substances......................................... 8 .3 (k ).. 7 Oxygen deficient atmospheres Definition of . . . . ................................... 8.11(b)(2).. 11 Location and precautions.................... 8.11(b)(1).. 11 Respiratory protection........................ 8.82(b)( I)[2). . 78 Ventilation fo r. . . . . ............................ 8.11(b)(3),. 11 Oxygen in d ic a to rs...................................................... 8 .ll{b j(1 ).. 11 Painted spaces, precautions for, . .............. 8 .1 1(b)(1).. 11 Painters, health and sonilation..................... 8.57(a)(b).. 56 Painting Brush painting........................................... 8.24(a)(2). . 18 1 i! Flammable paints ond vehicles . . . . 8.24(a)(3). . 19 Highly volt aile, toxic and flammable. 8.24(b). . 19 1 !! Spray painting..................... >.................. 8.24(a)(1). . 18 138 lh k 1i t Subjtd Section Point removers Acids ond alkali*........................ Chemical........................................... Flammable........................................ Toxic and volatile . . . . . . . . . Paint removers, mechanical Abrasive blasting I , ............ ..... Flame r e m o v a l s . . Power fools.'. . . . ; .......................... Paint removers, precautions for. , . . Paints Fire resistant containers i . . . . Health ond sanitation when Using Paint spraying (See Spray painting) Passageways _ t Illumination o f .................. 1 . . . Maintenance and.housekeeping of. . Passenger vessels,'gos free requirements. Penally. . . .....................1.................... Personal hygiene, practice o f . . Personal protective equipment Buoyant work vests Requirements and approval for. Emergency ladders near water Requirements f or . . . . . . . . . . Eye prelection Against impact. . ; ..................... Againsl radiant energy.............. Filfer.lenses and shades........... General precautions f o r . . . . . Use oFrgogglas under welding hellnets........................'............... Welding hand shields.............. Head protection General requirements................. Sonitory requirements prior to re issue........................ .. Standards and specifications for . . . ...................................... . Life rings Length of lines............................... Requiremenfs and approval for. 8.22(b)(3). 8. 2 2 . 8.22(b). 8.22(b)(2). 8 .2 3 (e ). 8.23(b). 8.23(a). S.22(a)(b). 8 .5 1 (e ). 8 .5 7 (a ). 8 .5 2 (a ). 8 .5 1 (a ). 8 .1 3 (a ). 8 .4 . 8 .5 7 (a ). 8 .8 4 (a ). 8.84(c)(4). 8.81(b)(1). 8.81(c). 8-81(c)(2) Table 1-1. 8.81(a). 8.31(dXl]. 8.81(c)(1). 8 .8 3 (a ). 8.83(c). . 8.83(b). 8.84(c)(3). 3.84(c)(l)(2). 552100 0 - 6 0 - 1 0 139 Pas* 16 15 16 16 17 17 16 15 53 56 53 52 12 8 56 82 83 76 76 76, 77 75 23 76 81 81 81 83 82 t * t , \ iii.t o .- t Subject Section Personal protective equipment- Con. Respiratory protection Airline reipiralort Associated equipment ond source of olr intake, re- 3.82(a)(5)(c)[2)... Atmospheres immediately dan gerous to life .........................' 8 .8 2 (a X lX 4 )... t dangerous to life. . . . . . . . . . Chemical cartridge respirators. 8.82(c).. . 8.82(cHe)... Combinations of gaseous and1 particulofe contaminants not|f immediately dangerous to life .................................................. Gas mask and canister.............. 8.82(e)... 8.82{b)(e)... Gas masks, use and limitations. 8.82(bX2)(e).. . General requirements................. 8.B2(a). . . 3.82(b)(2](c){e). . - Particulate matter not immedi ately dangerous to life. . . . B.82(c)... Rescue type equipment.............. 8.82(b)... Self-contained breathing ap paratus ......................................... 8.82(b)(2)... .B.82(a)(4)(bX4)... Safety belts and lines Requirements fo r............... Safety shoes.................................... Piling of construction materials . . . . . B.84(bXlX2j... 8.83(d)... 8.51(b)... Pins, used with powder actuated tools. . . 8.75(a)(5)... Pipe stanchions cautions ........................................ Planks Covering hoses for cross-over. Horses General dimension* of. . Safe center load Plates, hull, handling of. 8.34(c)(d|... 8.51(a)... . 8.41(h)(1)... . 8.41(h)(3)... 8.41(f)(5)... Table E 4 . . . . 8.41{e)(l3)... - 8.41{e)(12). . . 8.68(b)... 140 Pegs 78 76 79 79 81 78 70 76 73 79 78 78 78 82 82 52 74 27 52 43 43 43 44 42 41 69 Subject Section Plollorms Bearer lo e o lla n i.............................................. 8 .41(c)(5). . Distance from ladders t o ................... B.41()X 4). . General dimensions o f .............. ... 8 .4 1 (h X 1 ). General pro[eclion length 8.4 t(h X 2 ){3 ). . Grab rails t o ..................................................... 8 .4 1 (i)(3 ).. Horse planking, requirement o f . . . . 8 .4 1 (f)(5 ).. Independent pole metal scaffo ld . . . 8.41(c)(7). . Independent pole wood sca ffo ld . . . 8 .41(b )(8). , Prohibition ogainst co m b in in g ............. 8 .4 1 (e)(7 ). . R e q u ir e m e n t s ..) .;..................................... B .4 1 (c)(7 ).. Staging, housekeeping o f ....................... 8 .5 1 (a ).. Swinging scaffold , support o f . . . . . 8.4 I (e )(4 ](6 ). Trestle la d d e r................................................... 8 .4 1 (d )(9 ). Types o f............................................................... 8.4 l( e ) ( l 0 ) . Beam t y p e ........................................... B .4 1 (o )(1 3 J, Ladder ty p e .......................................... 3 .4 1 [ e ) ( l l ) . Plonk t y p e ............................ 8.4 1 (e)(1 2 ). Pneumoconiosis-producing d u s t....................... Poisonous carg o .......................................................... 8.82(d )(2). 8.1 1 (a)(1 ). (See Cargo spaces] Poisonous substance.................................................. 8 .3(h). Portable abrasive wheels (See Abrasive w heels) Portable electric to o ls............................................... 8 .2 3 (a )(3 ), .8 .7 2 . (See Tools) Portable explosion-proof la m p s....................... 8.12(b ), Portable lights............................................................... 8 .5 2 (e ). Portable metal ladders C o d e s ....................................... 8 .6 (a). [See Metal ladd ers) Portable power to o ls, p a in t a n d rust re moval Grounding o f ................................................... 8 .2 3 (o )(3 ). Guarding 6 f ...................................................... 8.2 3 (a)(2 ). Personal protective equipm ent............. 8 .2 3 (a X I). Use in confined s p a c e s , ven tilation requirements..................................................... 8 .2 3 (a )(4 ). Portable wood ladders C o d e s ..................................................................... 8 .6 (a). (See Wood la d d e rs) Posting of sign*, u nsafe fo r f i r e .................... 8.1 4 (b ). 141 Pag 37 4<5 48 43 45 42 3E 37 4C 3c s: 4< 31 31 4: 4( 4: 8( 1< i-- . ' ; ..'i V lA-V^Sr If f >;.v l * f ? * . 4 . I i , .w . Nal ' M ff - t lf if t } * ;jV . / .J v # , Subfoct Stellen Page Powder actuated taoti Defects of faste n e rs................................ Driving through existing holes. Driving through spoiled areas. Precautions oh placement o f . . Size o f. . : ........................................ t Inspection o f................................................. * loading of . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... ' I Misfire o f . . ................................................. Pointing of . ..................................... Protection equipm ent. . ...................... *. Removal from service .............................. ">i Security of tool ond powder charges. (See Tools) Testing o f............. ......................................... Types of materials. .................................. ? Use In on explosive atm osphere.. . : Use In non-gas free spaces, prohibi* tion o f........................................................ Power cables Grounding o f ............................................... Prohibition against frayed ca b le s.. . Use of for lowering tools...................... Power supply Electrical from outside source............ Grounding of d ry d o c k s....................... Power tools. . ; , . ................................................ Powder actuated tools............................. (See Tools) Use of ship's power................................ Precautions before entering Cargo spaces............. ................................ Fumtgated spaces ...................................... Oxygen deficient atmosphere*. . . . Preparation of surfaces, health require- menis............... ... ............................................. Preservation, surface (See Surface preparation ond preser vation) Preservative coatings Welding, culling and healing :, Atmospheric tests............. .. 0,7 5 (b )(2 )... 8 ,7 5 (0 1 (7 )... B,75(a)(8).. . 0.75(a)(6). . . 8 .75(a)(6)... 8.75(b )(1)... 8.75(b)(3).. . 8 .7 5 (b )(5 )..- . 8.7 5 (b )(4 )... 8.75 (c)(8 K ?),.. 8 .75(a)(1).... 8.75(b)(6). . .- 8 .7 5 (a )(1 )... 8.75(a)[4).v . 8 .7 5 {o )(3 )... 8 .7 5 (a )(2 )... 8.13(a).. . 8 .7 2 {a )(b }... . 8 .7 2 (d )... 8 .7 1 (a )... 8.53(b ).. . 8.53(b )(1)... 8.23(a), 8 . 7 1 . . . 8 .7 5 .. . 0.72(e).. . 8 .11(a)(1)... e .n (a }(])... 8.11(b ).. . 3.57(b). . . 0 .3 3 (c )(1 )... 75 74 74 74 74 75 ' 75 75 75 74 74 75 74 74 74 74 12 71 71 70 54 54 16, 70 . 74 71 10 to 11 56 26 142 Subject Stellen Preservative coating* -- Continued Atmospheric tests and record in g ................................................... 8.14(f). . . Flame removal, prohibition o f. . 8.23(b)(1), Hardened coating*........................ 8.33(a). . . Hot work precautions. . . . . . . . 8.14(e). , , ' Soft and greasy preservative*. Preserved spaces, oxygen d e fic ie n c y ... 8.33(c).. . B.11(b)(1). . . Protective equipment When u*Ing abraiive wheel*............... 8.74(|). . . When using powder actuated to o ls.. 8.75(a)(9). .. Protective hat* . . .............................................. 8.83 . . . Public taw 8 5 --74 2 ...................... , ............... Purpose and authority of regulations. . . . . . I ............... 8,1. . . Radar ' Testing of, with personnel aloft. . . . 8.55(b). .. Work on or ih the vicinity of............... 8.55(a), . Radiolion Radiographic inspection........................ 8.37... Shielding. .V i j _____ ______i `. ; L 8.36(e). ; . Radio Testing of, with personnel al of t . . . . " 8.55(b). , , Work on or in the vicinity o f i ............ 8 .5 5 (a )... Radiographic Inspection.................................. 8.37. . . Rags, fire resistant containers........................ 8.51(e). , . Railings, welding, culling and heating. . . 9.34[c)(d]. . . Ramps Access to barges and towboats. . . . 8.44(c). . . Access to fixed staging......................... 8.41 [j](1} . . . Access lo floating dry dock. . . 8.45(a). . . Between borges and towboats. , ; : . 8.4 4(c)(2). . , Height of handrails. .............................. 8.41(j)(2], . . Heigtil|of ra il. ............................... . 8.45(b). . . Housekeeping o f, . . . ..................... 8.51(a). . . Strength o f . . . . .................................. Records, maintenance of 8.44(c)(1). Hook tests ............................................. 8 .6 6 (a )... Tests for hazardous atmosphere*. . . 8.14(f). . . Reflectors on temporary light*. ___ 8.52(b)(1). . . Regulation*, Title 29 Labor Amendment to regulation*..................... 8 .7. . . Definitions......................1.............................. 8.3... 143 Subject Section Page Regulations-- Continued Penally............................................................ Purpose and authority............................ Reference specifications, standards 8.4. . . B 8.1. . . 4 and codes........................................... t Scops and responsibility. Variation from these regulations. . . Regulator, compressed gas cylinders. . . . . Relief valve requirements 8.6. . . 9 8.2. . . 5 8.5. . . 8 8.3 5 (d ).. . 29 For vessel steam supply......................... 8 .5 3 (a )(1 )... 54 Repairs of powder actuated tools.................. 8.75(a)( I | . . . 74 Residues................................................................... 8 .1 4 (d ).. . .13 Resistance of grounding w ire.......................... 8.72(b ).. . 7! Respiralary protection Abrasive blasting........................................ 8 .2 3 (c )(3 )... 17 Approved types and general require ments...................... ........................................ ....... j . . 9.82(a). . . 76 Atmospheres immediately dangerous to l i f e . ........................... .. ..................... . 8.82(b). . . 78 Brush painting in confined sp aces.. 8-24(Q] ( 2 ] .;.. 18 Cold work and other cleaning . . . . B.12(Q] ( 2 ) . . . 12 Combinations gaseous and particu late contaminants not immediately dangerous to life .................................. 8 .8 2 (e )... 8! Confined spaces.......................................... 8 .3 1 (b )(3 ).. . 22 Gaseous contaminants less than 2 percent by volume............................... 8 .8 2 (e )(1 )... 81 Gaseaui contaminants not immedi ately dangerous to life ..................... 8.82(c). . . 79 High concentrations of combinations gaseous and particulate contami nants .................................................... .. . 8 .8 2 (e )(1 )... . B1 Highly volatile paints (Exterior]. . . . 8.24{bK14). . . 21 inert-gas metal-arc welding.................. low concentration of gaseous con 8.31(d). . . 23 taminants, less than 0.1 percent by volume................................................. 8.82(e). . . 31 Oxygen deficient atmospheres.. . . . 3 .1 1 (b )(1 )... H Particulate conlaminanls not Immedi ately dangerous to life ..................... 8.82(d). . . 80 ; Power tools In confined spaces. . . . 3 .2 3 (a )(4 )... 17 (See Personal protective equipment] Spray painting........................................... 8 .2 4 ( a ) ( 1 ) ,... 18, 8.82(e). . . 81 144 Subject Section Respiratory protection-- Continued Spray painting and coating with highly volatile points (Interio r)., Tank cleaning.............................................. Toxic cleaning solvents........................... Unknown concenlrolionl of combina tions gaseous and particulate con taminants ...................... ................. Welding, burning and healing metals of toxic significance........................ Re-teiting of spaces............................................. Rigging Chain falls, capacity o f......................... Handling of hull ploleS........................ Inspection o f..................................... Of loads, core In ................................. ..... , Of ship' s gear, competent person. . Of skips.......................................................... Qualification of operators................ Safety factor of Manila rope and slings............... Wire rope and slings............ .... Safe working loads............. .. For alloy steel chain and slings, For shackles ...................... .. For wrought iron chain and slings........................................ ... Hooks recommended by mfr. . . Recommended by mfr. for shackles................... (See Slings) U-bolt clips, use o f................................. River towboat, definition o f............................ Riveting an staging.............................................. Rope Manila, Safe working loads for. . . Safely factor o f............................ Supporting swinging scaffold Strength and s i z e. . . . . . . . Examination o f............. .. Wire, safe working loads fo r............ 145 8.2e;b)(1 3) . . 8.12(a)(3). . 8 .2 1 (a )(3 ).. 8 .0 2 (e )(1 ).. 8.31(c). . 8 .14(d ).. 8.67(a), . 8.68(b ).. 8.61. . 8.68(a). 8.69(a). . 8.68(f). . B.69(b)(cXd).. 8.62.. 8.63(a). . 8.61(b). . Table G - 8 . . Table G - 1 0 . Table G - 7 . . 8.66(a). 8 .6 5 (a ).. Table G - 6 . , 8.3 (h).. 8-41(a)(8). Table G - l , . 8 ,6 2 . 8 .6 3 (a ). 8.41(eX2). 8 .4 1(e)(3). Tables G - 2 , G-3, G-4, G -5. .. Page 20 11 15 81 22 . 13 ! 69 69 57 69 70 69 70 58 58 57 66 68 65 68 67 64 7 35 59, 53 58 39 39 60-63 ..V:; f- W : k *'f -, , - k <; ; . . r :h 4 W i ISr t r v t 1- .hr. 'W 'l 't 1 . r* Jr* . i >*;>o i Sub(ct S i clion Rungs Cargo stowage within 4 Inches. . . . Cross section of cle a ts........................... Double, Jacob's la d d e r......................... General requirements.............................. Portable wood cle a le d ladder materlal and construction. . . . . . . . Swinging scaffold, ladder t y p e . . . . Trestle lad d er................. .. Rust removers. ......................................................... Safe concentrations (See Appendix 1) Toxic cleaning solvents................ -- . Safe for men-- not safe for fire .................. Safe for men-- safe for fire ............................ Safe loads Safe center loads for scaffold plonks. Safety Of ship s cargo gear rigging............... Powder actuated lo o ts............................. Safety belts Abrasive blasters........................................ Use of on paint floats.............................. Use of on scaffolding st agi ng. . . . . Safety belts ond life lin e s................................. Safety factor O f ropes and slings, m antlet,............ O f ropes and slings, w ire .................. O f shackles.......................... ................ .. Scaffolds and staging.............................. Safety glasses........................................................... Safety shoes . ........................................................... Safe working load Far c h a i n s ........................... For gear Inspection. ............................... For hooks........................................................ For manila rope. ...................... .. For shackles................................. ................ For wire rope............................................... Safe working pressure for slearo supply lo sh ip..................................................................____ Sand blasting (Sea Abrasive blasting) Sanitation........................................................... 146 8 .4 6 (a ).. . 8.42(b)(8). . . 8 .4 4 (d )(1 )... 8 .4 2 (a )(1 )... 8 .4 2 (b )(7 )... 8 .4 1 (e ](l1 ).;. 8 .4 1 (d )(8 )... 8.22(b )(3)... 8.21(b ).. . 8.1 5(a)(c). '. . 8 .I5 (a )(cJ... Table E - 4 . . . 8 .6 9 (a )... 8 .7 5 (a }(]}... 8 .2 3 (c)(3 )... 8.41(f)(4). . . 8 .4 1 (i)(3 )(4 )... 8.84(b). . . . 8 . 6 2 . . . 8.63(a). . . 8.65(a). . . 8 .4 1 (a )(1 )... 8.81(a). . . 8.83(d). . . 8.64. . . 8 .6 1 (b )... 3.66... 8.62... 8.65... 8.63...- 3 .5 3 (a )(1 )... 8 .5 7 (a )... i Fog* 52 | 48 51 46 i 47 40 40 1 16 ` 1 15 14 14 44 70 74 17 45 : 45 I 82 58 58 : 67 34 75 82 58 57 68 58 ! 67 % 58 54 l > 56 5ub|fl(l Sictlon Saws, portable circular, guarding o f, , Scaffolds Construction o f............................................. General requirements............................... Independent pole m etal......................... Backfalls and loebcards............ Bearers................... ... Bracing.................................... Locking d e vice s.................... .. Wood sills and uprights............ Independent pole wood. . . . . . . . . Backfalls and toeboardi. . . . . Bearers.................................................. Bracing................................................. ... Cleols.................................................... Ledgers................................................. Minimum dimensions of mem- bars.................................................. Platforms. ........................................... Setting uprights................ ... Splicing uprights............................ Lumber specs, end g rade..................... Maintenance of...................................... Painter' s suspended.................................. Bockrails.............................................. Beam typ e.......................................... Examination o f ............................... Hangers and stirrups................... Horse.................................................. ` Ladder typ e....................................... Limit on number of men work- ' in a. 1. ; . . . . ......................... Miscellaneous types...................... Omission of ra ils ............................ ' Platform................ .............................. Plank type........................................... Prohibition against bridging. . Protection^against fa lls , . . . . . Requireqjents for blackrails and loeboards................ * Requirements af faeb o ard s.. . Rigging............................... - .............. Safe loads for scaffold planks. Types of platforms........................ 147 0 .7 1 (c )... 8 .4 1 (a )(2 )... 8 .4 1 (a )(1 )... 8.41(c)... 0 .4 1 (c)(8 )... 8 .4 1 (c)(5 )... 8 .4 1 (c)(6 )... 8 .4 1 (c)(2 )... 8.41(c)(4). . - 8.41(b). . . 8.41(b)(9). . . 8 .4 1 M 5 )... 8.41(b)(6). . . 8 .4 1 (b )(2 )... 8 .4 1 (b )(4 )... Table E - l . . . 8.41(b )(8).. . 8 .4 1 (b )(1 )... 8 .4 1 (b )(2 )... 8 .4 1 (a )(4 )... 8 .4 1 (o X 5 }... 8.41(e)(1)... 8 .4 1 (e )(6 )... 8.41(e)(13). . . 8 .4 1 (e )(3 )... 8 .4 1 (e )(5 )... 8.41(f)', . . 8-41 (e)(11 ) . . . 8 .4 1 (e )(8 )... 8 .4 1 (g )... 3 .4 1 (i)(3 )... 8 .4 1 (e )(4 )... 8-4i(e){12). . . 8 .4 1 (e )(7 )... 8,41 ( } ( 4) . . . * 8.41(i).. . 8 .4 1 ti){5 )... 8 .4 1 (e )(2 )... Table E-4 . . . 8.41(e)( 10). . . Pape , 71 34 34 37 33 37 37 37 37 35 37 37 37 35 35 36 37 35 35 35 35 39 40 42 39 40 42 40 40 43 45 40 41 40 45 44 45 39 44 40 ^ iR iS JS p . rJ ?Jvr kffc'i I.?*; I ; V I3. ' 18 i .-V l'spl -M ite :v 5j: !.';sr v . .*.#4 1! V-! >5* Subject Section Page Painter's impended -- Conltnued Supervision of erection , .................... . 8.41(a)(7) 35 Support o f, , ................ ........................... 8 .4 1(a)(6) 35 Scarf roiled on chai n. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.64(d) 64 Scope of regufatloni. ...................... ... 8.2 5 Sealed compartments Precautions for. , . B .l 1(b) 11 Selenium dusts r'l: ShackPlersotection against..................................... 8.82(d)(2) 80 Attachment for chain f al l . . . . . . . . 8.67{c 6? Handling hull ptafes...................................... 8.68(b 6? Safely factors o f 8.63(a 58 . Safe working loads f o r ......................... Table G -1 0 , 68, i* 8.65(a), 67 Shielding................... ................ .. Of steam bases. ........................................ 8.53(a)(4), 54 Welder's electric a rc ........................... 8 .3 6 (e ), 33 Shields Face shields.......... .................................. 8 .B 1(b)(1) 76 Powder actuated tools............................ 8.75(a)(3) 74 Welder's hand shields .......................... 8.81(c)(1) 7$ Ship's spaces (See Cargo spaces) Shot blasting (See Abrasive blasting) Side boards an romps access to barges and towboats..................................................... 8.44(c)(1) 50 Side rails Extension trestle ladder......................... 8.41(d)(3) 38 >5 l Dimensions..................... 8.41(d)(2) 38 Width between............................... 8.41(d)(5) 38 General requirements................ 8.42(a)(1) 46 Of staging access ladder, height of. 8.4i(j){3) 45 Portable wood elected ladders. . . . 8.42(b)(1) 47 Cross section..................................... 8.42(b)(6) 47 Dressing o f ........................................ 8.42(b)(2) 47 Width between............................... 8.42(b)(5) 47 Wood grades..................... 8.42(b)(3) 47 t I Splicing, ladders........................................ 8.42(a)(2) 46 :, Swinging scaffold, ladder type Construction o f............. .. 8.41(e}(11) 40 Dimensions o f......................... ... Table E-2 41 Signal code for operating cargo g e a r.. . B.69(b) 70 Signs and notices................................ 8.14{b](c)f 13, 8.!S(a)(b)(c) 14 148 g: f ill Subject Siction Skegs ! Welding, cutting and healing, pre cautions. ......................................... 8.34(c)(d). Skips, rigging of. .................. . . . . . . . . 8.68(f). Sllngt Blunting protruding strands.................. 8 .6 3 (b ). Chain, safe working load for, . . . , Tobies G - 7 ,. G -8, 8.64(a). Allowable wear in links Annealing wrought iron chains. Inspection of chains, . . . . . . . Knotting of chains.......................... Removal from service. . . . . . . Repairs to; requirements of. . . Wear in links............. Idle ends, attachment to hook. . . . . . Manila, safe working load for.......... Padding o f . . . ............... Safety factor of, manila.................... Safety factor of, wire rope............. Use with eyebolts................................ Wire rope, safe working load for. . Toble G --9 . 8.64(f). 8.64(b). 8 .6 4 (g ). 8.64(d). 8.64(e). 8.64(c). 8.66(g). Table G - I ,. 8.62. 8.68(e). 8.62. 8.63(a). 8.68(d). 8.63(a), Tables G-2, G-3, G-4, G -5 . Smoking restrictions Flammable paint removers.............. Smoking prohibitions. . . . . . . . . . . Solvent drums, grounding o f...................... Solvents, cleaning....................................... Fire rpslstant containers for............. Source, il/sam, for vessel. ......................... Spaces Confined, work In. ......................... Isolated, work in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-gas-free, light requirements.. . 8.22(b)(1). 8.24(b){IO), 8.57(b). 8.24(b)(11). 3.21 . 8.51(e). 8.53(a)(1). 8.54, 8.31(b)(4). 8.54 . 8.12(b),8.52(e). 149 Subject Section Spark producing restrictions Chemical paint removers........................ Cleaning and other cold wo r k . . . . . Speed, abrasiva wheal spin dies. . . . . . . Spindle Fit of grinding wheels.............................. Speed.......................... .......................... Splices Protruding strands............... Splicing Uprights of independent pole wood scaffolds - Heavy duty........................................ Ladders, general requirements. Light d uly........................................... Spray painting Airline respirators..................................... Confined spaces, precautions for. . ` Ex plosion-proof equipment................... Non-sparking equipment...................... Respiratory protection.............................. Testing atmospheres.................................. Ventilation requirements. . . . . . . . . Spreaders, use with eyebolts. . . . . . . . . Staging Access to ........................................................ Dimensions of platforms......................... Tnlegral ladders....................................... ... Location of ladders.................................. Omission of ra ils ...................................... ` Performing hot work................................. Repair of horses........................................ Requirements for backroils and toe- boards. . . ...................................... Stainless sleel 1 ` Inert-gas mela!-arc welding Precautions fo r. ............................ Stairways Access ta fixed staging........................... Access ta floating drydock.................. Height of handrails.................................. Height and materials of ra il................ Housekeeping o f........................................ A ttilli. 8.121b! * 8-7< : : : 8-74(ht 8-74' o i ; ; ; 8.03(b). 9 -42(aM2l 8 .4 1 tb}j2 j ; 8.24(a) -24( a l ! > 8.24(bl[7\ 8'240> M . 8.24(a)t| i 8 .2 4 (b ]h i; 8.24(a), 8.68(d). a.4i(jj ?*MiK4. 8.41(ij(3i 8.4i ( o ] ( a i. 8.41(f)(4) 8.41(1). 150 r Qe 16 12 73 73 73 58 35 46 35 18 18 20 20 18 19 18 69 45 43 46 46 45 35 43 44 * 23 45 51 45 51 52 I Subject Section Pagi Slonchions Railing In floating drydock. . . . . . . 8.45(c). . . 51 W elding, cutting and heating pre cautions; ................................................. 8 .3 4 [c }(d ).,. 27 Standards for protection against radiation. 8.37. . . 34 Sialic eleclrlcily Hoses, abrasive blasting...................... 8 .2 3 (c )(1 )... 17 Non-conductive wearing apparel. . . 8 .2 4 (b )(9 )... 20 Solvent drums, grounding o f............... 8.24(b )(| 1). . . 20 Spray guns and pain) potsj . . . . . 8 .2 4 (b )(1 2 }... 20 Steam Hoses, protection against damage. . 8 .5 3 (a )(4 )... 54 Hoses, safety factor for........................... 8 .5 3 (a )(2 ).. . 54 Hoses, support o f. . . . ........................... 8 .5 3 (a )(3 )... 54 Supply for vessels...................'............. .. B.53(a). . . 54 System, unction of supply h o se .. . 8 .5 3 (a )(1 )... 54 Steam guns, precautions for............................ B.22(b](4). . . 16 Stirrups f General construction. ............................ 8 .4 1 (e )(5 )[6 )... 40 On beam type swinging scaffold. . . 8 .4 1(e)(l 3 ). . . 42 On plank type swinging sca ffo ld .. 8 .4 1 {e )(5 )(1 2 )... 40 Storoge boxes, compressed gas hoses. , . 8.35(f)(6). . . 31 Straight ladder Access to lawboats and bar ges. . . . 8 .4 4 (c)(2 )... 50 Access to vessels afloat. . 8 .4 4 (a )(1 )... 43 Use of, in cargo spaces......................... 8.4 6 (c).. . 52 Strands, protruding in splices........................ 8.63(b). . . 58 Strength of side rails, swinging scaffold, ladder type. . . . ............................................. Table E-2 . . . 41 Stretcher stokes basket, requirements of. . 8.58(d). . . 57 Stringers Swinging scaffolds, beam type Requirements o f.............................. 8-4l(e](1 3 ) . . . 42 Structural voids j W elding,`/culling and heating, pre cautions ; ................................................. 8.34. . . 27 Structure, vessel, use os ground.................. 8.72(b). . . 71 Supporting stanchions W elding, cutting end healing, pre- c a u lio n s ......................................... 8.34(c)(d). . . 27 Surface preparation Abrasive blasting. . . . . . . . . . 8.23(c). . . 17 Chemical paint removers. . . . 8.22 . . . 15 151 Subject Sedlon Surface preparation-- Continued Flam rem oval............................................... Mechanical paint rem overs. . . . . . . 5leam guns................................ .................... Toxic cleaning s o lv e n t * ....................... Swinging scaffolds (See Scaffolds) Switches, requirement* for electric tool*. . Tables Allowable wear in links chain. . . . Dimensions of Independent pole scaffold members.................................. Safe center loads for scaffold plank*. S a fe w orkin g lo a d for a llo y sleel c h a in ................................................... ... S afe working load for m anila rope and *llng*. ..................................... Safe working load for s h a ck le *.. . S a fe w o rkin g lo a d fo r w ire rope and slin g s.................................................. 8 .2 3 (b ). 8 .23 . 6 .2 2 . 8 .2 1 . 8 .7 2 (c ). Toble G - 9 . Toble E - l . Table E-4 . Toble G - 8 . Table G - l , . 8 .62 . Table G - 1 0 . Tables G - 2 , S afe working load for wrought iron chain ............................................................. Specifications for side roils of ladders in ladder type swinging scaffold. Specifications for the construction of horse*............................. .............................. U-bolt w ire rope d ip * ............................. Tag line* use on hull p late s............................. T a g * .................................................................................. Tank cleaning (See Cold work) Tank coatings Hardened preservatives.......................... Precautions for highly volatile, toxic and Rom m able....................................... Soft and greasy preservatives.. . . . Tanks, inverted, posting of warning signs. Tank vessels................................................................ Temporary lights Grounding o f ................................................ Guards fo r. ...................... Heavy duly cord* fo r............................... 152 Table G - 7 . Table E - 2 . Table E - 3 . Table G - 6 . 8 .6 8 (c ). 8 .1 4 (c ). 8 .3 3 (a ). 8 .2 4 (b ). 8 .3 3 (c ). 8 .15 . 8 .1 3 (a ). 8 .5 2 (c ). 8.52(b H l}. 8 .5 2 (b )(2 ). Pu9* 17 \6 15 15 71 67 36 44 66 59. 50 68 60 "*3 65 41 43 4 69 13 25 2169 14 12 53 53 53 Subject Section Pag* Temporary lights-- Continued Non-gas-free spaces.................................. 8.12(b). . . 12 Precaution* for cords............................... 8 .52(b )(3). . . 53 Requirements f o r . ......................... ... 8.52(b)[d). . . 53 (See Portable lamps) Terminals On sling chains, Inspection o f. . , . 8.64(b). . . 58 U-bolt clips, use o f................ Toble G - 6 . . . 64 Wire rope slin g ........................................... B.63(o). . . 58 Test Cleaning and other cold w ork............ 8 .1 2 (c )(1 ).. . 11 Compressed gos hoses............................ 8.35(F)(4), . . 31 Exhausted paint vapors. . . . . . . . . 8.24(b)(4). . . 19 Gas freeing before hot w ork, U.S. Coast Guard requirements............ Gossy atmospheres................................... 8. 11(8a 1.1 3 . )( ) . . . . . 12 10 Maintenance of records. ...................... Oxygen deficient atmospheres. . . . P a in t in g ............................................................ 8.33(e . . . 26 8.1 l(b . . . 1! 8.24(b . . . 19 Preservative coatings............................... 8.33(cKd . . . 26 Welding, cutting and heating of hol low objects and structure*. 8 .3 4 (c )... 27 Testing of powder actuated tools................... 8.75(aKl ) . . . 74 Thinners, fire resslont containers................... 8.51(e). . . 53 Threshold limit va lu e*. ...................... ... Appendix 1. . . 84 Tie rods, side ra ils , swinging scaffolds, ladder type............................................ 8 .4 1(e)[l l ) . . . 40 Toeboards General requirement* fo r................ 8.41 (i . 44 Horses, requirement for. . . . . . . . . 8 .4 1 (f)(6 ). 43 Independent pole melo! scaffold. . . 8 .4 l{c }[8 . 39 Independent;(pole wood scaffold. . . 8.4 1(b)(9 . 37 Requirement on paint flo a t* ................. 8.4 1[i)(5 . 45 Requirement on swinging scaffold*. . 8.4 I(i)(5 . 45 Swinging scaffold........................................ 8.41(eX9 . 40 Trestle ladders............................................... 3.4l(d)( 10 . 3? J 3 S : Tools 8 .7 4 (g ). 73 Abrasive wheel inspection...................... 8 .7 4 . 72 Abrosive wheels. ........................................ 8 .7 4 (c). 72 Guarding o f........................................ 8.74 (c). 72 Portable, guordng o f ................... Safety flonqes B,74(c)(1) 72 72 W ork rests 153 Sub[tcl Section Peg Tool*-- Continued Air, removal of die*.................................. 8.71(b ).. . 70 Care of wooden handle*................ 8.73(d). . . 72 Fit on ip ln d le . ........................................... 8 .7 4 (h )... 73 Grounding of frame*. . .......................... 8 .72(a).. . 71 Grounding, using vessel's structure. . Guards, alignment o f. . . . . . . . . . . . Hand........... .................................... ................. 8 .7 2 (b )... 71 8.74(e)., . 73 B.73. . . 71 Mushroom heads........................................ 8 .7 3 (c)... 72 Portable circular laws, guarding of. . 8 .7 1 (c)... 71 Portable electric tools.............................. 8.72. . . 71 Powder actuated (See Powder actu ated tool*) Power, precaution*.................................... 8.71... 70 i Prevention of falling from paint float* * or swinging scaffold*......................... 8.4111)15). . . 45 Spindle speed............................................. 8.74(1). . . 73 Switches, requirement* o f...................... 8 .7 2 (c)... 71 : Use of hand line*. ............... .................... . . Use of protective equipment.................. 8.71(a). . . 70 a.74(i), 73, 8.81(b ).. . 76 Use of ship's power, procedure for. . 8 .7 2 (e )... 71 . Use of u n sa fe .............................. 8 .7 3 (a )... 71 Towboat Use of access ramps................................ 8 .4 4 (c )(1 )... 50 Trestle ladders Access to fixed staging 8.41(j](!)... 45 Exception in platform width. . . . . . . 8.41(h )(2)... 43 Wood extension. ........................ .. 8.41(d ).. . 33 Backrails and toebaards............ 8.41(d)(10). . . 3? Dimensions of side r o ils .. . , 8 .4 1 (d )(2 )(3 )... 35 Limits on length. ........................... 8.41(d)(1). . . 38 ; Locking devices................... . . . . 8 .4 1 (d )(7 ).. . 3? Rungs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 1 (d )(8 )... 39 Spread limitation............................ B .4 1 (d )(6 )... 39 Spread of bottom........................... .. 8.4 1 (d )(4 )... 38 Width between side rails. .................... 8 .4 1 (d )(5 )... 38 Tripping, of lifeboats.......................................... Toxic cleaning solvents 8.56(a). . . 55 . Safely precautions for.............................. 8.21.!. 15 Threshold limit values............................ 8.21(b ).. . 15 Toxic dusts, fumes'and mists * Permissible concentrations................... Appendix 1. . . 84 * Protection against..................................... 8 .8 2 (d K l}(2 )... 80 154 Subjcd ' Section Toxic painl and vehicles................ ... . 8.24(a)(1). . . Treads ' * Flat type, Jacob's lad d er. . . . Use of duckboard*. . . . . . . . . 8.44(d )(1)..., 8 .4 4 (a )(5 )... Ubolls How applied. ................................... 8.63(c)... Wire rope clips, use o f................ Table G - 6 . . . Underwriter's lobaralorie* Explosion-proof lig h t* . . . . . . . . 8 .2 4 (b )(7 )... Portable lamp*................... ... . . . . 8 .1 2 (b )... Unguarded areas, requirements for Over water and over solid surfc . 8 .8 4 (a )(c )(4 )... U.5. Bureau of Mines, approval for Explosion-proof lights................... . 8.24(b)(7). . . Portable lamps................................... 8.12(b)... Respiratory protective equlpme . . 8 .8 2 (a )(1 ). . . U.S. Coast Guard Access, mean* of, confined spa . . 8.31(b)(2). . . Certification of gangway*. . . . Gos freeing regulations............. 8 .4 4 (a )(3 )... 8.13(a)... Life rings............................. Portable tamps................ .................. 8.84(c)... 8.12(b)... Portable lights............. ... .. Title 5 2 ..................................................... 8 .2 4 (b )(7 )... 8 .1 (b )... Vests, buoyant working................ 8 .8 4 (a ).. . ng -. ` 8.32... Uprights Bases for. 8 .4 1 (c)(4 )... . . 8 .4 1 (c)(3 )... 8.41(b)... t. Attachment of ledgers............. 8 .4 1 (b )(4 )... Splicing, heovy duly............ . . 8 .4 1 (b )(3 )... Splicing, light duty................... . . 8 .4 1 (b )(2 )... Utilities____ . . . . . . ; ..................................... 8.53... Electric power. ...................... Steam supply aifd hoses................... Yalve protection cap s...................................... 8.53(b). i . 8 .5 3 (a )... 0 .3 5 (a )... Vanadium dusts, protection ag ainst. . . 8 .8 2 (d )(2 )... Vapors 1 \ ` Cleaning solvents.......................... flammable paint v a p o r * ................. JC- 8.21... 8.24(a)(3).. . lures. . , . . 8.34... 552100 0 - 60-11 155 Page 18 51 49 58 64 20 12 82 20 12 76 22 4? 13 82 12 20 5 82 24 37 37 35 35 35 35 54 54 54 27 80 15 19 27 }y* i v r r ! u: : v . . 5/ i If '> ft ' V 5 1 *". .Vr V- '. "f *. V * . 1. i , : / `t * : * .y - fi i `r ` ! & ; Subject Section Veport -- Continued lower explosive ItmiIs (LEI)................. 9.22(b). . Released from residues.......................... 8.14(d), . Residues........................................................ 8.1 2(a),. . , 8 .1 4 (d ).. Safe concentrations....................... .. 8 .2 1 (b ).. Threshold limit value*............................. Appendix I . . Variation from regulation*.............................. 8.5, Part 1 1 . . Ventifalion failure*............................................... Ventilation, local exhaust B.24(b)(2),. Beryllium, welding, cutting and heating..................................................... Requirement* and specification*. . . . Welding, cutting and healing in confined space*................................... 8 .3 1 (0 (2 ).. 8.31(oX1). . 8 .3 1 (b ).. Yentilalion, mechanical Dust concentration* confined space*. . 8.23(a)(4). . Non-gas free space*................ 8.12(a)(2). . Oxygen deficient atmoj phere*. . . . 8 .1 1(b)(3).. Paints, toxic Solvent!............... 8.24(a)(1). . Requirement* and specification* for welding, cutting and heating. . . . 8.31 . . Confined spaces............. 8.31(b)(1).. Metals of toxic significance. . . 8.3 ! [cX 15- Tank coatings, highly flammable. . . 8.24(a)(3). . Toxic cleaning solvents........... B.2t(aj(2). . Ventilation, requirement* for Brush painting in confined space*. . 8.24(a)(2). . Chemical paint removers. . . . . . . . . 8.22 . . Cleaning solvents...................... 8.21(a)(2).. Cold work and other cleaning........... 8.1 2 . . Exhaust disposal........................ 8.3 1 (a)(1 )., Exhaust ducts, positioning of................ 8.24(bj(4). . Flammable paint remover*.... 8.22(b)(1). . Gal free determination. ................. 8.24(b){3}. . Highly flammable paint* and ve hicle*......................................... 8.24(a)(3).. Oxygen deficient atmosphere*........... Point spraying............................................ 8.ll(b){3]. . 8.24(a). . Portable power tools in confined spaces (dust)......................... Stainless steel............................ 8.23(a)(4).. 8 .3 1 (d )(1 ).. Toxic point and vehicles....... 8.24(a)(1). . 156 Pag* 16 13 Hr 13 15 84 8. 94 19 22 21 22 17 12 11 18 21 22 22 19 15 18 15 15 11 21 19 16 19 19 11 18 17 23 18 Subject Section Page Ventilation, requirement* for-- Continued Ventilation failure..................................... 8.24(b)(2). . . 19 Welding, cutting and heating............ 8.31... 21 Welding, cutting and healing, metals of loxie significance............................ 8.31(c).. . 22 Weldrng, cutting and heating, in confined space*.................................... 8.31(b).. . 22 Venting Hollow melal containers and struc tures prior to welding, culling and heating..................................................... 8.34. . . 27 Vessel Definition o f . .................... ... First aid, requirements for.............. ....... 8.3(f) 6 8.58(a). . . 56 Housekeeping o f.................................. 8.51(a).. . 52 Housekeeping of working areas. . . . B.51(b). . - 52 U.S. Coast Guard Go* Free Certifi cate for - Cargo vessel*................................... 8.13(a). . . 12 Hot work restriction*. ................. 8.13... 12 Miscellaneous vessel*. . . . . . . 8.13(a).. . 12 Pastenger vessel*. . . . . . . . . . 8.13(a). . . 12 Tank vessel*. ............... 8.13(a). . . 12 Yesll, buoyant working. . . . ......................... 8.04(a). . . 82 Volatile solvents (See Chemical paint removers) Walking surface of gangway........................ B.44(aXI). 48 Walkway From barges and towboats. . . . . . . 8.44(c)(2). 50 From bulwark la deck............................. 8.44(a)(9). 50 From gangway la dock,*... . . . . . . . 8 .4 4 (a )(7 ). 49 Illumination o f............................................ 8 .5 2 (a). 53 Slippery condillons on........................... 8.51(c). 53 Temporary light( cords on..................... 8.52(b)(3). 53 Tripping hazards, elimination of. . . . 8.51(a). 52 Warning *igns....................................... 8.14(c),. 13, 8.15(a). 14 Defective compressed ga* cylinder*. ' tag g in g o f.............. ....................................... 8 .3 5 (d )(5 ). 30 Gangway* and occes* to vessel*. . . . 8.15(c). 14 Inerted spaces............................................ ` 8.15(b). 14 No! safe for men -- not safe for fire, . ` 8.15(c). 14 Safe for men-- not *afe for fire. . . . 8.15(c). 14 Tanks and compartments....................... 8.15(c). 14 157 1 e .. r * V t. * 't ` f c a u ' .. > i . * . vi. i: i f c H M L w : Subject Section Pog* Washing facilities, provision o f....................... Waite Ftre resistant container for. . . . . . . From veneli, health.requirements. . Weolher decks Hot work on, over non-goi-free space*. ...................................................... Welding On staging............................... ... Welding, culling and heating Arc welding and cutting................ Confined spaces.......................................... Equipment ' (See Welding equipment, elec tric] (See Welding equipment, gas) Explosives and dangerous cargos, vicinity of, U .S .C .G ........................ . Fire prevention........................... ................. Gas welding and cutting...................... ' 1 General welding, cutting and heat ing . . . . ; ................................................ Hollow metal containers and struc tu re s....:................................................... Inert-gaS metal-arc weldi ng. . . . . . . . Metals of toxic significance.................. Protective equipment, general............ Radiographic inspection. . . . . . . . . Respiratory protective equipment. . . Restrictions. . . . i........................................ - Ventilation requirements and speci- r ficelions..................................................... Welding equipment, electric, requirements 5 for Cobles and connectors............................ Care end Safe use o f.................. Design specifications............... Insulated connectors and lugs. . Maintenance of cables.................. 1 ! Splicing and limitations............... Defective or faulty equipment............ Electrode holders, manual. . . : . t . . Design specifications..................... Insulation...................................... 158 8.37(a). . . 56 8 .5 1 (e ]... 53 8.57(c). . . 56 8.14lb). . . 13 8 .4 1(a)(8). , . 35 31 8.31(bi(32)! * * 22 8.32. . . 24 0.32. . . 24 8.35. . . 27 8 .3 1 (e ).1. . 24 8.34... 27 8.31(d). . . 23 3 1 (cK l)(2 )... 22 8 .3 1 (e )... - 24 8.37... 34 8.31(b K 3)... 22 8.32(b), . . 24 8.31 . . . 21 8.36(b). . . 8.36(d )(3)... 8.36(b)(1). . . 8.36(b )(2).,. 8.36(b )(4)... 8.36(b )(2)... 8 .3 6 (d )(4 )...8.3 6 (a).. . 8.36(a)(1). i . 8.36(a)(2). . . 31 33 31 32 32 32 33 31 31 - 31 Subject 5ction Welding equipment -- Continued Electrolysis and fire hai ar di . . . . . . . B .3 6 [c )(4 )... Frames, welding mochlnes. . .............. 8.36(c)(5). . . Ground return capacities. .................... 8. 36(c)(1). . . Inspection of grounds............................ 8.36(c) ( 4 K 6 ) ... Machines, care and safe use af. . . . 8 .3 6 (d )(3 )... Machines, grounding of......................... 8.36(c). . . Operating Instructions................. .. 8.36(d). . . Shielding from arc. . ....................... .. . 8.36(e). . . Structures and pipe lines, use of. . . 8.36(e) (2 )(3)(4)... Welding equipment, gas, requirements for Compressed gas cylinders................... 8.35[a](b)[c). . . Cylinder valves......................................... 8.35(a)(8)(d) (1)(2)[4)... Hose and distinguishing character istics ...............: ...................... ................ B.35(f). . . Hoses....................................................... 8.35(f). . . Instruction requirements......................... 8.35(d). . . Manifolds.................................................... 8.35(e). . . Regulators................................................... 8.35[d]( 5](2) (3)(4)(5)... Use of fuel gas......................................... 8.35(d). . . Valve protection caps. . . . . . . . . . . 8 .3 S [o )(l}(5 ).. . Wrenches..................................................... 8. 35( d) ( 2) . . . Welding leads, tripping hazards. . . . . . . . 8.51(a).v . Wheels (See Abrasive wheels] Width requirements for side rails Bottom or base sections af trestle1 ladders................................................... B.41(d)(5). . . (6 ft. or less in length).............. (Over 6 ft. in length]................. 8.41(d)(5). . . 8.41(d )(5)... Swinging scaffold, ladder type, be tween side rails....................... ..... . . 8.41 {K1 !) Winch f Qualifications of operators.. . . . . . 8.69(b)(e). . . Wing wall ' Access from and to vessel.................... Guarding a f .............................. 8.44(b)... 8.45. . . Wire rope slings Blunting protruding ends. . . . . . . . . Improved plow steel............................... 0.63(b). . . 8 .6 3 ( a ) ____ Table G -6 . . . Pag 33 33 32 33 33 32 33 33 32 27 23 30 30 29 30 2P 2? 27 2? 52 38 38 38 40 70 50 51 58 58, 64 159 A -S';; '; *-i v ' *. / . . *i- ! * * \ ; ' **. 1l&i-.' * < ! ; !# : ;i I ; ;V . % f ; r ' : S .."-s b * : S N R fe iiif SN * i r j- .i.v i 4 . 4& I .= *1 - i i ' . s .< ,, il r " ie ftm -i j i a -M\;$ r % Subjicl Section Pofle W ire rope sling* --- Continued Safe working lo a d ...................................... Table* G - 2 , G -3, G-4, G - 5 ... 60-63 U*e of kn oli ................................. B.63[d]. . . 58 Wood dust*, protection again*...................... B.82(d)(2). . . 80 Wood ladder*, portable Specification*, landard* and code*. 0.6(o). .. 9 Wood s ilt lj independent pole moial scaf fo ld ............................................. 8 .4 1(e)(4). , . 37 Working area* Exposure of temporary light cord* in . 8 .5 2 (b X 3 ).. . 53 Flammable substances, container* for. 8.51(e). . . 53 Free access to e x it* . ................................ 8.51(d). . . 53 Housekeeping o f .......................................... 8 .5 1 (b )... 52 Illumination o f ................................................ 8 .5 2 (d) . . . 53 Shielding of steam hose* i n 8 .5 3 (a )(4 ).. . 54 . Slippery conditions o f ................................ 8 .5 1 (c )... 53 Working surfaces....................................................... 8 .4 1 ... 34 Deck opening* in . ...................................... 8.43(a). . . 48 Working vests, requirem ent* fo r .................... 8 .8 4 (a )... 82 Use of on scaffolding and staging. . S .4 1 ( i) ( 3 ] ... 45 Wrenche*, defective................................................ 8 .7 3 (a )... 71 Zinc-bearing m elol*, precautions for welding, cutting and heatin g ...................... G.31(c)(1). . . 22 u.s^ CDVCBKKiHr miNriKG o rric r: itca of- ssiiod 160 . i 'Ji ; W * ^ li 'T. I** : r 4 :V :iV- ` v s4 i m . J