Document OzrXx41Zp40qNLQ4VJj0xqjpe

No.ee--s*. i FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 WASHINGTON, D.C. Volume 38 * Number 66 PART n ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS Asbestos, Beryllium, and Mercury /% 3/ /Vrrri// l KMX 01301 8820 RULES AND REGULATIONS Title 40--Protection of Environment branes lining the chest and abdomen Is necessary to control emissions from CHAPTER 1--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY SUBCHAPTEH C--AIR PROGRAMS (30-47). There are reports of mesotheli major man-made sources or asbestos oma associated with nonoccupational 'emissions, into tne atmospnere, out OmE exposures in the neighborhood of as it IS HOv ..vct-vcwi'V -- v.".v,TTTT bestos sources (38. 42, 47, 48). An out .emissions. PART 61--NATIONAL EMISSION STAND standing feature has been the long In this determination, the Administra ARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS period, commonly over 30 years, between tor has relied on the National Academy Asbestos, Beryllium, and Mercury the first exposure to asbestos and the ap of Sciences' report on asbestos (53), On March 31, 1971 (36 FR 5931), pur suant to section 112 of the Clean Air Act, as amended, the Administrator published an initial list of three hazardous air pol lutants which, in his judgment may cause, or contribute to, an increase in mortality or an increase in serious ir reversible, or incapacitating reversible, illness. The pollutants were asbestos, beryllium, and mercury. On December 7, 1971 (36 FR 23239), the Administrator proposed standards for these pollutants. pearance of a tumor (49, 50). There i3 evidence which indicates that mesothliomas occur after much less exposure to asbestos dust than the-exposure associ ated with asbestos (51, 52). It is not practicable, at this time, to establish allowable numerical concentra tions or mass emission limits for asbestos. Satisfactory means of measuring ambient asbestos concentrations have only re cently been developed, and satisfactory means of measuring asbestos emissions are still unavailable. Even If satisfactory which concludes: "Asbestos is too im portant in our technolog and economy for its essential use to be stopped. But. because of the known serious effects of uncontrolled inhalation of asbestos min erals in industry and uncertainty as to the shape and character of the doseresponse curve in man, it would be highly imprudent to permit additional contami nation of the public environment with asbestos. Continued use at minimal risk to. the public requires thaOIKrmiig sources of man-made asbestose emission Interested persons participated in the means of measuring asbestos emissions into the atmosphere be defined and con rulemaking by giving testimony at public did exist, the previous unavailability of a trolled." hearings and by sending comments to satisfactory means of measuring ambient The means of control used are limita EPA. Public hearings were held in New levels of asbestos makes it impossible to tions on visible emissions with an option York City on January 18, 1972. and in estimate even roughly the quantitative in some cases to use designated control Los Angeles on February 15 and 16, 1972. relationship between asbestos-caused ill equipment. requirements that certain A third hearing, scheduled to be held ness and the doses which caused those ill procedures be followed, and prohibitions In Kansas City, on February 1,1972, was nesses. This is a major problem, since on the use of certain materials or oi cerl canceled because of a lack of requests to some asbestos caused illnesses have a 30- tain operations. These means of control participate. Sixty-eight persons gave year latency period.. are required because of the impossibility testimony at the public hearings, and 56 EPA considered the possibility of ban at this time of prescribing and enforc persons sent comments to EPA. Repre ning production, processing, and use of ing allowable numerical concentrations sented were Industries, universities, gov asbestos or banning all emissions of as or mass emission limitations known to ernmental agencies--Federal, State, and bestos into the atmosphere, but rejected provide an ample margin of safety. The local, and environmental groups. Copies these approaches. The problem of meas alternative of no control' of the sources of the public hearing records are avail uring asbestos emissions would make the subject to this standard was rejected able at all EPA Regional Offices and at latter approach impossible to enforce. because of the significant health hazard Hie Division of Stationary Source En Either approach would result In the pro of unregulated emissions of asbestos into forcement, room 3220, 401 M Street SW., hibition of many activities which are the atmosphere from the designated Washington, D.C. 20460, where copies of extremely important; moreover, the major sources. the comments received are also available. available evidence relating to the health It is the Administrator's judgment The bases for the Administrator's de hazards of asbestos does not suggest that that the asbestos sources subject to tils' terminations that asbestos, beryllium, such prohibition Is necessary to protect standard are the major sources or as^ and mercury are hazardous, the deriva public health. For example, demolition of bestos emissions. In the absence of quan tions of the standards now adopted, the any building containing asbestos fire titative emission data, the Administra Environmental Protection Agency's re proofing or insulating materials would tor's judgment was based on an national sponses to the significant comments have to be prohibited as would the use of inventory of sources and emissions of received, and the principal revisions to the proposed standards are summarized below. A more detailed statement is available on request from the Emission Standards and Enginering Division, En materials containing even trace amounts of asbestos which could escape into the atmosphere. Finally, the available evidence suggests a gradient of effects from direct occupa asbestos (54) and other reports (53, 55). The asbestos emissions and emission factors presented in the national inven tory were based on information obtained from production and reprocessing com vironmental Protection Agency, Re search Triangle Park, N.C. 27711, Atten tion: Mr- Don Goodwin. In addition, the Administrator is issuing Information on control techniques for asbestos, beryl lium. and mercury as directed by section 112(b) (2) of the act. Copies of these docaments may be obtained free of charge from EPA Regional Offices. tional, to indirect occupational exposure, to families of workers exposed to asbestos and persons In the neighborhood of as bestos sources--In all of which situa tions asbestos concentrations are un doubtedly high by comparison with mo6t community air. This suggests that there are levels of asbestos exposure that will not be associated with any detectable risk, although, these levels are not panies. This information included pro duction figures, estimates of control equipment efficiency and material bal ances; it did not Include emission testresults. The major sources of asbestos .emissions were considered to fall into five categories; (1) Mining and milling: (2) manufacturing; <3) fabrication: t4)_de molition: and (5> spraying. In deter mining which of these major sources Asbestos known (53). should be covered by the standard pro Asbestos is a hazardous air pollutant It is probable that the effects of as mulgated herein, the Administrator con within the meaning of section 112. Many bestos inhalation are cumulative; that is, sidered the effect other Federal regula persons exposed to asbestos dust de low-level and/or intermittent exposure tions will have on the emissions from veloped asbestosis when the dust concen to asbestos over a long time may be such sources and the proximity of such tration was high or the duration of ex posure was long (f-7). A large number of studies have shown that there is an association between occupational ex posure to asbestos and a higher-than- expected incidence of bronchial cancer (3-30). Asbestos also has been Identified equally as important in the etiology of asbestotic disease as high level and/or continuous exposure over a shorter pe riod. On the other hand, the available evidence does not indicate that levels of asbestos in most community air cause asbestotic disease. Taking both these sources to the public. In addition, the Administrator considered comments on the proposed standard and additional technical data not available before pro posal. The following paragraphs explain these considerations and the changes made to'the standard between proposal as a causal factor In the development of considerations into account, the Admin and. final promulgation. mesotheliomas, cancers of the mem- istrator has determined that, in order to-- The- promulgated standard applies to provide an ample margin ot safety to asbestos mills, selected manufacturing Re/erence at end of article. protect the public health from asbestos'. operations, the use of spray-on asbestos FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 RULES AND REGULATIONS S821 materials, demolition operations, and the measures taken to comply with the Bu The proposed standard would have surfacing of roadways with asbestos tail reau of Mines and Occupational Safety limited emissions :rom a numoer or ings. The Administrator will continue to and Health Administration regulations to sources by stipulating that such emis investigate other existing and new protect the health of persons who work sions could not exceed the amounts which sources of asbestos emission and if any In proximity to dumps and open storage would be emitted from the source if the of them are found to be major sources, areas will prevent the dumps and storage source were equipped with a fabric filter, the standard wfll be revised to cover areas from being major sources of asbes or. m some oases, a wet-COUecUull aii'- them. * tos emissions. cieanmg device. This wodifl have mquli'Bd As applied to mines, the proposed The proposed standard would have ap a standardized emission-measuring tech standard would have limited the emis plied to buildings, structures, or facilities nique, which is not currently available. sions from drilling operations and pro within which any fabricating or manu The promulgated standard prohibits visi hibited visible emissions of particulate facturing operation is carried on which ble emissions which contain asbestos and matter from mine roads surfaced with involves the use of asbestos materials. provides the option of using specinea asbestos tailings. The Bureau of Mines Comments received on the proposed air-cleaning methods. The existence of has prescribed health and safety regula standard indicated that the requirements particulate asbestos material in a gas tions (30 CFR 55.5) for the purpose of for fabricating and manufacturing oper stream vented to the atmosphere can be protecting life, the promotion of health ations were confusing. Much of the con determined by collecting a sample on a and safety, and the prevention of acci fusion was created by the use of terms filter and analyzing, it by microscopy dents in open pit metal and nonmetailic such as "any," "continuously," and techniques. The proposed standard stated mines. As related to asbestos mines, these "forced gas streams." The promulgated that the air-cleaning requirement would regulations prohibit persons working in standard is more definitive as to applica not be met if a number of listed faults, a mine from being exposed to asbestos bility of the provisions. The promulgated e.g., broken bags, leaking gases, thread concentrations which exceed the thresh standard prohibits visible emissions from bare bags, existed and it required that old limit value adopted by the American the nine manufacturing operations collection hoppers on some baghouses be Conference of Governmental Industrial which, in the judgment of the Adminis emptied without generating visible emis Hygienists. The regulations specify that trator, are major sources of asbestos. The sions. Comments received suggested that respirators shall not be used to prevent promulgated standard does not cover this negative approach tended to make persons from being exposed to asbestos fabrication operations. Of all fabrication the quality of air-cleaning operations de where environmental measures are avail operations, only those operations at new pendent upon the ability of EPA to an able. For drilling operations, the regula construction sites are considered to be ticipate and to include in the standard tions require that the holes be collared major sources of asbestos emissions. The ah the factors which would constitute and drilled wet. The regulations recom Occupational Safety and Health Admin improper methods. Since the intent was, mend that haulage roads, rock transfer istration regulations specify that all and is. to require high quality air-ciean- points, crushers, and other points where hand- or power-operated tools U.e. saws, ing operations, the promulgated standard dust (asbestos) is produced sufficient to scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills) requires proper installation, use, opera cause a health or safety hazard be wetted which produce asbestos dust be provided tion. and maintenance without precisely down as often as necessary unless the with dust collection systems. In the judg defining the means to be useSI dust is controlled adequately by other ment of the Administrator, implementa The proposed standard would hare means. In the judgment of the Admin tion of these regulations will prevent prohibited the spraying of any material istrator, implementation of these regu fabrication operations from being a ^containing asbestos on any portion of lations will prevent asbestos mines from major source which must be covered by a building or structure, prohibited the being a major source which must be cov the standard promulgated herein. spraying of any material containing as ered by the standard promulgated here The proposed standard would have bestos in an area directly open to the in. Furthermore, the public is sufficiently prohibited visible emissions of asbestos atmosphere, and limited emissions from removed from the mine work environ particulate material from the repair or ail other spraying of any material con ment that their exposure should be sig demolition of any building or structure taining asbestos to the amount which nificantly less than that of the workers other than a single-family dwelling. would be emitted if specified air-cleaning in the work environment. Accordingly, Comments indicated that the no visible equipment were used. Comments re the promulgated standard does not apply emission requirement would prohibit re ceived pointed out that this standard to drilling operations or roadways at pair or demolition in many situations, would: (1) Prohibit the use of materials mine locations. since It would be impracticable, if not containing only the trace amounts of For asbestos mills, the proposed stand impossible, to do such work without cre asbestos which occur in numerous nat ard would have applied to ore dumps, ating visible emissions. Accordingly, the ural substances, (2) prohibit the use of open storage areas for asbestos materials, promulgated standard specifies certain materials to which very small quantities tailings dumps, ore dryers, air for proc work practices which must be followed of asbestos are added in order to enhance essing ore, air for exhausting particulate when demolishing certain buildings or their effectiveness, and (3) prohibit the material from work areas, and any mill structures. The standard covers institu use of materials in which the asbestos is ing operation which continuously gen tional. Industrial, and commercial build strongly bound and which would not gen erates inplant visible emissions. The ings or structures, including apartment erate particulate asbestos emissions. The promulgated standard prohibits visible emissions from any part of the mill, but houses having more than four dwelling units, which contain friable asbestos ma promulgated standard applies to those uses of spray-on asbestos materials it does not apply to dumps of asbestos terial. This coverage is based on the Na which could generate major emissions of tailings or open storage of asbestos ores. The Bureau of Mines' regulations pre tional Academy of Sciences' report (53) which states. "In general, single-family particulate asbestos material. For those spray-on materials used to insulate or viously referenced and regulations issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (20 CFR 1910.93a) pro tect workers from the hazards of air con taminants in the work environment. The Occupational Safety and Health Admin istration regulations were promulgated on June 7, 1972. The regulations are in tended to protect the health of employees from asbestos exposure by means of en gineering controls u.e. isolation, enclo sures, and dust collection) rather than by personal protective equipment. It is the residential structures contain only small amounts of asbestos insulation. Demoli tion of industrial and commercial build ings that have been fireproofed with asbestos-containing materials will prove to be an emission source in the future, requiring control measures." Apartment houses with four dwelling units or less are considered to be equivalent to single family residential structures. The stand ard requires that the Administrator be notified at least 20 days prior to the com fireproof buildings, structures, pipes, and conduits, the standard limits the asbestos content to no more than 1 percent. Ma terials currently used contain from 10- to 80-percent asbestos. The intent of the 1-percent limit is to ban the use of ma terials which contain significant quanti ties of asbestos, but to allow the use of materials which would: il) Contain trace amounts of asbestos which occur in numerous natural substances, and (2) include very small quantities of asbestos (less than 1 percent) added to enhance judgment of the Administrator that mencement ol demolition. the material's effectiveness. Although a FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 46--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 8822 RULES AND REGULATIONS standardized reference method has not standard will not require disposal. Where been developed to quantitatively deter disposal is-required, the Occupational Asbestos-dust Exposures at Various Levels mine the content of asbestos in a ma terial, there are acceptable methods available, based on electron microscopy, which independent laboratories have de veloped, Determining the asbestoe con Safety and Health Administration regu lations <29 CFR 1910,93a(hJ) require that any asbestos waste, consigned for disposal, be collected and disposed of in sealed impermeable bags or other closed, and Mortality. Arcb. Envlr. Health, IS, 181 186, 1967. IS. Gloyne, 8. R.: Pneumoconiosis: A His tological Survey of Necropsy Material In 1,205 Cases. Lancet, 1, 810--814, 1951. 19. Isselbacher, N. J., M. Klaus, and H. L. tent of a material with these methods impermeable containers. The contamina Hardy: Asbestosls and Bronchogenic Carci costs approximately $300, and the results tion of ground water supplies with asbes noma: Report of one auropsied case ana re are accurate within plus or minus SO tos from landfill disposal is not consid view of the available literature. Am. J. Med.. percent; these limits on accuracy were taken into account in establishing the 1-percent limitation. The proposed standard would have prohibited the surfacing of any roadway with asbestos tailings. The promulgated ered a potential problem. The substitution of ceramic wool, min eral wool, and fiberglass for asbestos is not now known to be a problem. There is no evidence that these materials cause health effects in the concentrations found 15. 721-732,1953. 20. Jacob, S,, and M. Anspach: Pulmonary Neoplasia Among. Dresden Asbestos Workers. Ann. N.T. Acad. Sol., 132. 536-548,1965. 21. Klelnfeld, M., J. Messlte, and O. Kooy- man: Mortality Experience in a Group of As bestos Workers, Arch, Envlr. Health, 15, 177 standard applies to all roadways except In occupational or ambient environments. 180, 1987. those on ore deposits; these roadways are Although the standard was not based 22. Knox. J. P., R. 3. Doll, and I. D. Hill: temporary, and control measures taken to comply with the Bureau of Mines reg ulations prevent them from being a major source which must be covered by the standard promulgated herein. At this time, the application of asbestos tailings on economic considerations, EPA is aware of the impact (55) and considers it to be reasonable. Costs among the various sources covered by the standard are quite variable. Although the standard may ad versely affect some individual plants or Cohort Analysis of Changes in Incidence of Bronchial Carcinoma in a Textile .Asbestos Factory. Ann. N.T. Acad. ScL, 132, 526-535, 1966. 23. Knox, J, P,, S. Holmes. R. Doll, and I. D. Hill: Mortality from Lung Cancer and Other Causes Among Workers In an Asbestos Textile to public roadways is not widely prac ticed, but because of the close proximity of roads to the public, a ban on using asbestos tailings on roadways is included in the promulgated standard to avoid a future problem and stop the practice where it is followed. The term "surfac ing" is defined to include the deposit of. companies which are marginal opera tions. it appears that such effects will be minimal and the impact to the asbestos industries as a whole will not be large. RerxaisNcxs. f. Cooke, W. E.: Fibrosis of the Lungs due to the Inhalation of Asbestos Dust. Brit. Med. J- 2,147,1924. Factory. Brit. J. Ind. Med., 25, 293-303, 1963. 24. Heben. J.: Malignancies in Asbestos Workers. Arch. Envlr.. Health, 13, 619-621, 1966. 25. Lynch, K. If., and W. A. Smith: Pul monary Asbestosls. nr. Carcinoma of Lung In Asbestos-silicosis. Am. J. Cancer, 14, 56-64, 1935. 28. Mancuso, T.' P., and A. A. El-Attar: asbestos tailings on roadways covered ' 2. Cooke, W. E.: Pulmonary Ashestools. Mortality Pattern la a Cohort of Asbestos with snow or ice; therefore, this practice is prohibited. Consideration was given to including provisions in the standard requiring proper disposal of the asbestos material generated during demolition and col lected in control devices used to comply Brit. Med. J,, 2.1024-1025, 1927. 3. Dreessen, W. C!,, J. M. Dallavalle, T. I. Edwards, J. W. Miller, and R. R. Sayers: A Study of Asbestos in the Asbestos Textile In dustry Public Health Bull. 241. Washington, OB. Government Printing Office, 1938. 126 pp. 4. McDonald, 3.: History of Pulmonary Asbestosis, Brit. Med. J,, 2, 1025-1026, 1937. Workers. J. Occup. Med., 9, 147-162, 1967. 27. McDonald, J. C,, A. D. McDonald. D. W. Gibbs, J. Slemiatyckl, and C. E. Rossiter: Mortality `la the Chrysotile Asbestos Mines and Mills of Quebec. Arch. Envlr. Health, 22, 677-686, 1971. 2S. Merewether. E. R. A.: Asbestosls and Carcinoma of the Lung. In: Annual report of with the requirements of this standard. 5. Merewether. E, R. A.: The Occurrence of the chief Inspector of factories for the year It was decided that this was not neces sary because the Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations (39 CFR 1910.93a(h)) include house keeping and waste disposal requirements. These regulations require that any as Pulmonary Fibrosis and Other Pulmonary Affections in Asbestos Workers, J. Ind. Hyg., 12, 198-222, and 12, 239-257, 1930. 6. Mills, a. G.: Pulmonary Asbestosls: Re port of a case. Minn. Med., 13, 495-499, 1930. 7. Soper, W. B.: Pulmonary Asbehtoels. A report of a case and a review. Am. Rev. 1947. London: M. T. Stationary Office, 1949, 79 pp. 29. Newhouse, M. I.: A Study of the Mor tality of Workers In an Asbestos Factory. Brit. J. Ind. Med., 26,294r-301,1969. 30. Sellioff, I. J., J. Churg, and S. C. Ham mond: .Asbestos Exposure and Neoplasia. bestos waste, consigned for disposal, be Tuberc., 22,571-584,1930. JAMA. 188, 22-28, 1964. collected and disposed of in sealed im 8. Bonser, G. M., I. 3. Faulds, and M. J. permeable bags or other closed, imperme Stewart: Occupational Cancer of the Urinary able containers. Bladder in Dyestuffs Operatives and of the The potential environmental impact of the promulgated standard was evalu Lung In Asbestos Textile Workers and Ironore Miners. Am. J. Clin. Path., 25, 126-134, 1955. ated, and it was concluded that the 9. Braun, D. C,, and T. D. Truan: An 31. Botow, M,, A. Conston, L. L. Llvornese, and N. Schalet: Mesothelioma and Its Associ ation with Asbestos. JAMA, 201, 537-581, 1967. 32. Elmea, P. C., W. T. E. McCaughey, and O. L. Wade: Diffuse Mesothelioma of the Pleura and Asbestoe. Brit. Med. J., 1, 350 standard will not cause any adverse ef Epidemiological Study of Lung Cancer In As 353, 1965. fects. The potentially adverse environ bestos Miners. Arch. Ind. Health, 17, 634 33. Elmos, P. C., and O. L. Wade: Relation mental effects of the standard are: (1> The asbestos-materials which will be collected in control devices and gen erated during demolition will have to be disposed of or recycled. (2) Materials, such as mineral wool, ceramic wool, and fiberglass, will be sub stituted for asbestos presently contained 653, 1958. 10. Buchanan, W. D.: Ashestoais and Pri mary latrathoracio Neoplasms. Ann. N.T.Acad. Sci., 132, 507-518,1965. 11. Cordova, J. F,, H. Tesluk, and B. P. Knudtson: Asbestosls and Carcinomas of the Lung. Cancer, IS, 1181-1187, 1962. 12. Doll, R.: Mortality from Lung Cancer In Asbestos Workers. Brit. J. Ind. Med., 12, 81-86, ship Between Expoeure to Asbestoe and Pleural Mallgnancv In Belfast. Ann. N.T. Acad. Sci., 132, 549^657, 1965. 34. Entlcknap, J. S., and W. N. Smlther: Peritoneal Tumor in Asbestosls. Brit. J. Ind. Med., 21, 20-31,1964. . 35. Fowler, P. B. S,, J. C. 31oper, and E. C. Warner: Exposure to Asbestos and Mesotheli oma of the Pleura. Brit. Med. J., 2, 211-213, in spray-applied fireproofing and insulat 1955. 1964. ing materials. 13. Dunn, J. E,, Jr., and J. M. Weir: A 35. Hammond, E. C., I. J. Sellkoff. and J. In some manufacturing operations, a Prospective Study of Mortality of Several Oc Churg: Neoplasia Among Insulation Workers major, portion of the asbestos-material collected by fabric filters is either re cycled to the process or is marketed for other uses. For example, one asbestos tex tile mill recycles large quantities of longer-fiber asbestos for process use and sells more than 90 percent of the remain ing collected materials to a brake lining manufacturer. Consequently, a signifi cupational Groups--Special Emphasis on Lung Cancer. Arch. Envlr. Health, 17, 71-76, 1968. It. Dunn, J. E., J'r.. and J. M. Weir: Cancer Experience of Several Occupational Groups Followed Prospectively. Am. 3. Pub. Health, 55. 1367-1375, 1968. IS. Elwood, P. G\. and A. L. Cochrane: A Follow-up Study of Workers from an Asbestos Factory. Brit. J. Ind. Med., 21, 304-307, 1964. In the United States with Special Reference to Intraabdomlnal Neoplasia. Ann. N.T. Acad. ScL. 132, 519-625,1965. 37. Hourihane, D. OB.: The Pathology of Mesothelioma and an Analysis of Their As sociation with Asbestos Exposure. Thorax, 19, 268-278, 1964. 38. Lieben, J,, and H. Plstawka: Mesotheli oma and Asbestos Exposure. Arch. Envlr. Health, 14, 559-663, 1967. cant portion of the increased quantities IS. Enterline. P. E.: Mortality Among As 39. Mann, R. K., J. L. Grosh, and W. M. of "waste" asbestos materials which will bestos Product Workers In the United States. O'Donnell: Mesothelioma Associated with result from the implementation of the Ann. N.T. Acad. ScL, 132, 156-165, 1965. Asbestosls. Cancer, 19, 521-626, 1966. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRit 6, 1973 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8823 40. McCaughey, W. T. E,, O. L, Wade, and of these were most likely due to exposure tions used to make the dispersion es I*. C. Bimwt: Exposure to Asbestos Dust and prior to the Institution of controls, proper timates are given in the Background In Diffuse Pleural Vesothellomaa. Brit. Med. J, assessment of the period of exposure is formation Report for Asbestos, Beryl 2, 1397, 1962. 41. McDonald, A. D,, A. Harper, O. A. El- Attar, and 3. C, McDonald: Epidemiology of Primary Malignant Mesothellal Tumors In Canada. Cancer, 26, 914-619, 1970. not always possible (l, 2;; it is known, however, that chronic beryllium disease is associated not only with activities in volving extraction processes, but also that lium, and Mercury (APTTW)763), pub lished at the time the standards were proposed. Rocket testing facilities are required 42. Newhouse, M. L., and H. Thompson: 64 registry cases resulted from exposure to meet the limit of 75 microgram-min Epidemiology of Mesothellal Tumors In the during machining operations on beryl utes per cubic meter, accumulated dur London Area. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sd,, 132, 879 lium materials (3). There are at least 45 ing any period of 2-consecutive weeks. 588,1965. 43. Owen, W. G.: Mesothellal Tumors and Exposure to Asbestos Dust. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 132, 674-679, 1965. 44. Sellkoff, L 3., 3. Churg, and E. C. Ham mond: Relation Between Exposure to As cases of rronoccupationahyincurred dis eases on file with the registry, of which approximately half have been fatal (3), and retrospective studies of the concen trations of beryllium that resulted in The limit for rocket testing facilities is the same as that developed in 1966 by the Committee on Toxicology of the Na tional Academy of Sciences for protec tion of off-site personnel from intermit bestos and Mesothelioma New Eng. 3. Med., some cases of chronic beryllium disease tent exposures to soluble beryllium com 272, 560-565, 1965. from nonoccupational exposure have pounds arising from the firing of rocket 45. Wright, G. W.: Asbestos and Health in concluded that the lowest concentration motors (f). 1969. Am. Rev. Resp. Dls., 100, 467-479, 1969. 46. Sellkoff, I. J,, E, C, Hammond, and J. Churg: Asbestos Exposure, Smoking, and Neoplasia. JAMA, 204, 106-112, 1968. 47. Wagner, 3. C,, C. A. Sleggs, and P. Marchand: Diffuse Pleural Mesothelioma and which produced disease was greater than 0.01 gg/m* and probably less than 0.10 jig/m* (4). In 1949, when ft became apparent that beryllium was a toxic material, the The proposed standard did not include a provision on open burning of berylliumcontaining waste. The promulgated standard includes a ban on open burning of beryllium-containing waste. This Asbestos Exposure In the North Western Atomic Energy Commission adopted a change was made because information Cape Province. Brit. J. Ind. Med., 17, 260-271, limit for beryllium concentrations in received after proposal indicated that 1960. community air fi e., 0.01 ug of beryllium such sources can cause ambient concen 48. Champion, P.: Two cases of Malignant Mesothelioma After Exposure to Asbestos. Am. Rev. Resp. Dls, 103, 821-826, 1971. 49. Sellkoff, L J, and E. C. Hammond: En vironmental Epidemiology. ILL Community per cubic meter of air averaged over a 30day period) (2). Beryllium refining com panies holding contracts with the AEC to operate AEC-owned refinery facilities trations of beryllium in excess of 0.01 g/m* and because it is not possible to control the emissions from open burning. The promulgated standard does allow Effects of Nonoccupatlonal Environmental and expand their own refinery capacity disposal of beryllium-containing waste Asbestos Exposure. Am. J. Pub. Health, 58, to meet AEC's beryllium requirements, in incinerators which are controlled so 1658-1666, 1968. were required to observe the community as not to exceed the 10-gram-per-day 50. Wagner, J.C.: Epidemiology of Diffuse Mesothellal Tumors: Evidence of an Associa tion from Studies In South Africa and the United Kingdom. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Set, 132, 675-578, 1965. , 51. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Occupational Exposures air limit. With the termination of these contracts in the 1961-63 period due to a reduction in AEC requirements for beryllium, the refineries were no longer subject to the AEC community air limit. The AEC's health and safety require limit. The disposal of beryllium-contain ing explosive waste is included in the standard covering rocket testing. The proposed standard would have covered all machining operations which use alloys containing any amount of be to Asbestos (Criteria for a Recommended ments, however, have continued to apply ryllium. Comments were received which Standard). Washington, UB. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (PHS, HSMHA), 1972 (HSM 72-10267). 52. Sellkoff, L J, W. J, Nicholson, and A M. Langer: Asbestos Air Pollution. Arch. Envlr. Health, 25, 1-13, 1972. 53. National Academy of Sciences: Asbestos (The Need for and Feasibility of Air Pollu to all AEC-owned facilities, some of which fabricate and assemble beryllium parts. In the period since the implementation of the AEC guideline, no reported cases of chronic beryllium disease have oc curred as a result of community exposure, claimed that numerous machining opera tions use alloys containing low concen trations of beryllium and do not exceed the 10-gram-per-day emission limita tion. An investigation of these com ments revealed that alloys which include beryllium either contain a large amount tion Controls). Washington, National Acad and the Committee on Toxicology of the (greater than 60 percent) or a small emy of Sciences, 1971, 40 pp. National Academy of Sciences concluded amount (less than 5 percent), and that 54. National Inventory of Sources and Emissions--Cadmium, Nickel, and Asbestos. Report by W. E. Davis & Associates under contract to the Department of Health, Edu cation, and Welfare (Contract No. CPA 22 69-131). Feb. 1970. 55. Research Triangle Institute: Compre hensive Study of Specified Air Pollution Sources to Assess the Economic Impact of Air Quality Standards--Asbestos, Beryllium, Mer cury. Report prepared under contract to the Environmental Protection Agency (Contract No. 68-02-0088). Aug. 1972. Beryllium Beryllium is a hazardous air pollutant within the meaning of section 112. The proven effects of airborne beryllium ma terials on human health include both that the AEC guideline limit represents a safe level of exposure <1>. - Accordingly, the Administrator has de termined that in order to provide an ample margin of safety to protect the public health from beryllium, sources of beryllium dust, fume, or mist emissions into the atmosphere should be controlled to insure that ambient concentrations of beryllium do not exceed 0.01 /ig/m'-- 30-day average. The beryllium standard covers extrac tion plants, foundries, ceramic manufac turing plants, machine shops (processing beryllium or beryllium alloys containing in excess of 5 percent beryllium) and approximately 8,000 machining opera tions use the low beryllium content al loys. Tests were conducted by the Agency to determine the beryllium emissions from the operations which use the low beryllium content alloys (e.g. -stamping, tube drawing, milling, and sawing;. The results indicated that ever, if the emis sions were vented to the outside air, which they ordinarily are not, they would be significantly below the 10-gram-perday emission limitation. After consider ing these results and the administrative burden if the standard applied to such a large number of sources, the proposed standard was changed to exempt the machining operations which use alloys acute and chronic lethal inhalation ef disposal of beryllium-containing wastes. containing less than 5-percent beryllium. fects U, 2), as well as skin and conjunc tival effects (2), Insufficient data are available to incriminate beryllium as a human carcinogen (f, 2), but the lack of of any mechanism for the total elimina Most affected beryllium sources are lim ited to emissions of not more than 10 grams per day. This level was determined The proposed standard would have al lowed all sources'of beryllium to choose between meeting the 10-gram-per-day emission limit and complying by use of through dispersion estimates as the level" ambient monitoring to insure that the tion of beryllium body burdens, and the which would protect against the occur 0.01 g/ms 30-day average is never ex resulting possibly long residence time rence of 30-day average ambient concen ceeded. After reconsidering the proposed may enhance the opportunity for cancer Induction. The Beryllium Registry now contains over 820 proven cases of beryl lium-related disease (3), but since many trations exceeding 0.01 ,ug/m*. The sources covered by the standard are the only known ones that could result in am bient beryllium concentrations in excess standard and the difficulty inherent in using ambient air quality data, as op posed to emission data, as a regulatory tool, it was decided to limit the use of References at end of article. of 0.01 jig/m*. The assumptions and equa ambient data as a means of compliance FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 SS24 RULES AND REGULATIONS to those sources which have demon MiKCtrttY equations used to make the dispersion strated over a reasonable past period that they can meet and have met the ambient limitation. Therefore, the stand ard being promulgated herein allows the ambient option only to existing sources which have 3 years of current ambient air quality data which demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction that the 0.01 <tg/m` level can be met in the vicinity of the source. A minimum of 3 years of data was judged to be necessary to dem onstrate that the ambient guideline of 0.01 /ig.-m1 (30-day average) can be met because of the possibility of monthly, seasonal, and even annual variations in ambient levels caused by variations in meteorology and production. The exist ing sources which could qualify or this option sure four beryllium extraction plants and, possibly, a small number of machine shops. These sources were de signed or modified to facilitate compli ance with the 0.01 #tg/m ambient limit. The potential environmental impact of this standard was evaluated and it was concluded that the standard will not cause any adverse effects. Beryllium is a very expensive material, and most gas streams emitting significant quantities of beryllium are controlled with high ef ficiency dry collectors, and the collected material is recycled or sold back to the primary producers. Wet collectors are rarely used strictly as an air pollution control device, but more often as an ex traction process control device allowing recycle of waste liquids to the process. Absolute filters are often used as final filters and collect small quantities of beryllium from very low concentration gas streams. These filters are usually buried in company owned or segregated dumps or stored in unused mines or buildings. Most of the solid wastes are prepackaged prior to burial to prevent escape of beryllium to the envirohment. Although the standard Is not based on economic considerations, EPA is aware of the economic .impact (5) of the stand ard. Since most of the sources of beryl lium emissions are already controlled and in compliance with the standard, the economic impact will be very small. RxnaxHcxs Mercury is a hazardous air pollutant within the meaning of section 112. Ex posure to metallic mercury vapors may cause central nervous system injury, and renal damage (1, 3). Experience with mercury vapor comes almost exclusively from animal experiments and industrial exposures. Animal (rat; data indicate a risk of accumulation in critical systems upon prolonged exposure, with a poten tial, for example, for selective brain dam age 12, 3). Prolonged exposure to about 100 micrograms mercury per cubic meter of air involves a definite risk of mercury intoxication (3). To determine the ambient air level of mercury that does not impair health, the airborne burden must be considered to gether with the water- and food-borne burdens. An expert group concluded, based on its analysis of several episodes of mercury poisoning in Japan, that 4 micrograms of methylmercury per kilo gram of bodyweight per day would result In the intoxication of a sensitive adult; application of a safety factor of 10 yielded an acceptable exposure of about 30 mi crograms per day for a 70-kilogram man, and this level is also believed to provide satisfactory protection against genetic lesions, and poisoning of the fetus and of children (4). It should be noted that methylmercury is considered to be by far the most haz ardous mercury compound, particularly via the ingestion of fish in which it has been concentrated through the food chain, (3,5). The Environmental Protec tion Agency, in view of the present lim ited knowledge as to the effects of in haled mercury in the general population, and in order to best assure the requisite "ample margin of safety to protect the public health," has concluded that it is prudent to consider exposures to methylmercury idiet) and mercury vapor (air) to be equivalent and additive. It has been estimated that from average diets, over a considerable period, mercury intakes of 10 micrograms per day may be expected (5), so that, in order to restrict total intake to 30 micrograms per day, the average mercury intake from air would have to be limited to 20 micrograms per estimates are given in the Background Information Report for Asbestos, Beryl lium. and Mercury < APTD-0753), pub lished at the time the standards were proposed. Many mercury cell chlor-alkali plant cell rooms present severe source testing problems due to their riesi;n and ??n- .struction. Such sources.may either recon struct the cell room so that accurate source tests can be made or employ housekeeping and maintenance practices that minimize mercury emissions from the cell room. Source test data and cal culations have Indicated that when such practices are used. 1,300 grams per day is a reasonable estimate of emissions from the cell room. Therefore, when this option is chosen, an emission of 1,300 grams per day will be assigned to the cell room. This permits emissions of not more than 1,000 grams per day from the hydro gen and end box ventilation streams com bined. Compliance with the standard will be determined by the EPA reference method or EPA-approved substitute methods. Where a chlor-alkali plant chooses the housekeeping and maintenance practices option, determination of compliance of the cell room emission will be based on the use of EPA-approved practices. A list of approved practices may be obtained from EPA on request to regional offices. The only major change in the mercury standard Is the Introduction of the above option of assigning an emission number to the cell room, provided certain house keeping and maintenance requirements are met. When this option is chosen, test ing is not required for emissions from the cell room. This option Is offered because comments, testimony, and EPA source testing experience indicated that most existing cell rooms cannot be accurately tested for- mercury emissions. Accurate emission tests are unduly complicated and costly because of the cell room configuration. Some of the changes suggested in writ ten comments and public hearing testi mony were considered by EPA but not made. The most significant one involved the environmental chemistry of mercury, ? Committee on Toxicology, National Acad emy cj Sciences: Air Quality Criteria for Beryllium and Its Compounds. Report pre pared under contract to the U3. Public Health Service (Contract N7onr-29i(61)), Washington, March 1,1966. . 3. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Occupational Exposure to Beryllium (Criteria for a Recommended Standard). Washington. U.B. Department of day. Assuming inhalation of 20 cubic meters of air per day, the air could con tain an -average daily concentration of no more than 1 microgram of mercury per cubic meter. - that is, environmental mercury in the at mosphere is transformed to mercuric oxide by the action of ultraviolet radia tion, and since mercuric oxide Is not as coxic as elemental mercury, the stand The standard promulgated herein reg ard should be less stringent. This argu ulates the only two sources, mercury ore ment is based on laboratory experiments processing facilities and mercury cell under controlled conditions with gener chlor-alkali plants, which have been ated radiation. The reaction cited in the Health, Education, and Welfare (PHS, found to emit mercury in a manner that testimony occurs' when elemental mer HSMHA), 1972 (HSM 72-10268). could cause the ambient concentration to cury i3 irradiated with ultraviolet light Massachusetts General Hospital. O.S. exceed the inhalation effects limits of I with a wavelength of 2,537 angstrom (A). Beryllium Case Registry,'Boston, Msss. microgram per cubic meter. The stand Naturally occurring ozone in the upper 4. Elsenbud, M,, R. C. Wants, C. Dustan, ard limits emissions from these facilities, atmosphere absorbs light in the ultra D. T. Steadman, W. B. Harris, and B. S. Wolf: to not more than 2,300 grams per day. violet region below 3,000 A; (7) hence the Noaoccupational Berylliosis. 1. Ond. Hyg, The emission limit of 2.300 grams per wavelength of ultraviolet necessary for Toxicol., 31, 282-294,1949. day was derived from dispersion esti the reaction is absent in the ambient at 5. Research Triangle Institute: Compre hensive Study of Specified Air Pollution Sources to Assess the Economic Impact of Air Quality Standards--Asbestos, Beryllium, Mer cury. Report prepared under contract to the mates as the level which would protect against the violation of an average daily ambient concentration of-1 microgram per cubic meter. The assumptions and mosphere, and the reaction does not pro ceed at as high a rate as implied by the submitted testimony. Field measurements of both mercury vapors and particulate Environmental Protection Agency (Contract mercury in ambient air indicate that as No. 68-02-0088). August 1972. RefSrencea at end of article. much as 98 percent of the mercury de FEDERAL REGISTER; VOL 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRlt 6, 1973 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8825 tected was in an elemental vapor form (.data collected by EPA at the .Federal Building In Moundsvllle, W. Va.). The Environmental Protection Agency recognises that mercury and Its com pounds constitute a multimedia contapounds constitute a multimedia contam ination problem, i.e., strong evidence alter its natural distribution in the en vironment; that such uses may cause or hasten additional deposits into water or soil over and above those occurring naturally, thereby building up environ mental concentrations; and the mercury levels accumulate in the biota, with the result that potentially dangerous residue levels are reached in foods consumed by man and animals. Current data on the environmental transport of mercury do not permit a clear assessment of the effect of mercury emissions Into the atmosphere on the mercury content in the aquatic and ter restrial environments. Results of ongoing research will determine if there is a need for more comprehensive control of mer cury emissions Into the air. The stand ard promulgated herein is intended to protect the public health from the effects of Inhaled mercury. The environmental Impact of this standard was evaluated and it was con cluded that the standard will not cause any adverse effects since the control of mercury emissions to the atmosphere will have only minimal impact on other areas of environmental concern. The simplest control for mercury emissions to the atmosphere is cooling to condense the mercury. This cooling can be indirect or direct. By indirect cooling, the mer cury condenses and is retained for re cycle or sale. By direct cooling with a water scrubber, the water is usually re circulated after using centrifugal or gravitational separation to remove the mercury. The water cannot be reused indefinitely and eventually requires addi tional treatment to remove the mercury. In most cases, such treatment facilities are already being utilized to meet water quality standards. do not cause a waste disposal problem because the sieves can be regenerated in place without retorting and can be reused many times. Although the standard was not based on economic considerations, EPA is aware of the impact (S) and considers it to be reasonable. Because mercury is an international commodity, world prices determine the fortunes of the domestic mercury mining industry. Historically, mercury prices fluctuate greatly in re sponse to small changes in demand or supply. Domestic mercury mines are con sidered high-cost producers in relation to foreign producers. Because the average price has dropped from $404 per flask in 1969 to approximately $320 currently, the number of domestic mercury mines in operation has dropped sharply from 109 in 1969 to six or seven in March 1973. As long as the price of mercury remains below marginal costs of production (gen erally about $400), the remaining domes tic mines will be ill equipped to absorb any cost increases. The total chlor-alkall industry com prises 68 plants. Approximately 28 are mercury cell plants and account lor about 27 percent of the UJ3. production of chlorine and caustic. The future of the chlorine-caustic in dustry appears healthy. Demand for chlorine is expected to grow at an annual rate of 6 percent projected from 1971. Demand for caustic soda will grow at least at the same rate as chlorine, and perhaps faster. Prices for chlorine and sodium hydroxide have been rising steadily through the sixties into 1971. Based on these trends, the cost of control to comply with the mercury standard will be passed forward to the consumer. Use of these two basic commodities is so di verse that any price increases will be well dispersed through all manufacturing activities. References 1. Report'of an International Committee: Maximum Allowable Concentrations of mer cury Compounds. Arch. Envlr. Health, 19,891 905, December 1969. ", Clarkson. T. W.: The Pharmacology of Air Quality Standards--Asbestos, Beryllium, Mercury. Report prepared under contract to the Environmental Protection Agency (Con tract No. 68-02-0088). August 1972. Gktxeal Provisions The standards promulgated below are applicable to new, modified, and existing sources. Any new or modified source must comply with the standards upon begin ning operation. Any existing source must comply with the standards within 90 days after promulgation, unless a waiver of compliance is granted. After considering the proposed general provisions and the comments received on them, the Administrator made several changes which are included in the stand ards promulgated below. A new section was added to specifically require new sta tionary sources to notify the Administra tor before beginnning operation. The requirements for source reporting and request for waiver of compliance were combined into one section. The time for submitting the source report was ex tended from 30 to 90 days to provide sources with more time to complete the information required. Appendix A was added to provide sources a description and format of the information required. The proposed standards required all sources of mercury and beryllium to test their emissions within 3 months of the effective date and at least once every 3 months thereafter; a provision was in cluded to allow the Administrator to waive the periodic tests for sources in compliance with a standard. The stand ards promulgated below require the ini tial test within 90 days of the effective date and Include a provision to allow the Administrator to waive this requirement if the source is meeting the standard or has requested a waiver of compliance. Periodic tests are not required unless specifically requested by the Administra tor. The Administrator may cancel a waiver of emission tests and may require a test under the authority of section 114 of the Act at any time. Appendix A speci fies the information which a source must provide the Administrator when applying A widely used control device for par Mercury Compounds. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol for a waiver of initial emission testing. ticulate mercury emissions is the mist ogy, 12, 876--406,1972. The standards promulgated below do eliminator. Residues in these devices are removed by gravity and washing with a recycled liquid. Another control method Is chemical scrubbing. In this system, scrubbing liquids are continuously made up while waste materials are usually re 3. Friberg, L., and J. Voatal (Eds.): Mer cury In the Environment--A Toxicological and Epidemiological Appraisal. Prepared by the Karollnska Institute Department of En vironmental Hygiene (Stockholm) for the DR. Environmental Protection Agency (Office of Air Programs), November 1971. not require the owner or operator to request a waiver of compliance before a specific date. Hbwever, the owner or op erator should submit the request within 30 days after the effective date of the regulation to be assured that action will cycled to the process feed solutions. Re cycling of these liquids avoids significant contamination of water with mercury residues. The use of adsorption beds is a highly efficient control method for removing mercury from gas streams. Two primary types are available: (1) chemically treated activated carbon beds, and <2) molecular sieves. Most of the mercury collected by activated carbon can be re claimed by retorting the carbon but this usually destroys the carbon structure 4. Methylmercury In Pish; a ToxicologicEpidemiologic Evaluation of Risks. Report from an expert group. Nord, Hyg. Tisdkr. (Stockholm). Supplement 4, 1971 (English translation). 5. Nelson. N,, T. C. Byerly, A. C. Kolbye, Jr., L. T. Kurland, R. E. Shapiro, 8. I. Shlbko, W. H. Stickle, J. E. Thompson, L. A. Van Den Berg, and A. Weissler: Hazards of Mercury (special report to the Secretary's Pesticide Advisory Committee, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, November 1970). Envlr. Res., 4, 1-69, 1971. -- 6. WestOfi, a.: Mercury In Foodstuffs--Is There a Great Risk of Poisoning? VAR FODA, be tfiken on the waiver application prior to the 90th day after the effective date. Continued operation in excess of a stand ard after the 90th day without a waiver is a violation of the act. The Administrator may grant an exist ing source a waiver, permitting a period of up to 2 years for compliance, provided that steps will be taken during the waiver period to assure that the health of per sons will be protected from imminent endangerment and provided that such period is necessary for the installation of and necessitates disposal. Some small amount of residual mercury will remain with the carbon, but it is tightly bound and is not easily transferred Into the air 4. 1-6, 1965. . 7. Leighton, P. A.: Photochemistry of Air Pollution. Academic Press, 1961. 8. Research Triangle Institute: Compre hensive Study of Specified Air Pollution controls. To be granted a waiver of com pliance, a source must submit a written request to the Administrator and pro vide certain information to assist the or water. Regenerative molecular sieves Sources to Assess the Economic Impact of Administrator ip making a judgment. FEDERAt REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, AritIL 6, 1973 8828 RULES AND REGULATIONS Within 60 days after receiving a request, ferred methods of sampling and analyz Sec. the Administrator will notify the owner ing- used to determine compliance. The 6122 Emission standard. or operator of approval or intention to deny the waiver. Any waiver of com reference methods for beryllium and mercury are included in appendix B to 6123 Air cleaning. 6124 Reporting. pliance granted by the Administrator will be in writing and specify conditions the source must meet during the waiver period. If the Administrator intends to deny a request, the owner or operator will be given a specified time to provide additional information or arguments prior to final action on the request. Pinal action on a request will be in writing by the Administrator, and if denied, will in clude reasons for denial. this part. An equivalent method is any method of sampling and analyzing which has been demonstrated to the Admin istrator's satisfaction to have a con sistent and quantitatively known rela tionship to the reference method under specified conditions. An alternative method is any method of sampling and analyzing which does not meet all the criteria for equivalency but which, can be used in specific cases to determine com Subpart C--National Emission Standard for Beryllium 01.30 0121 61.32 61.33 6124 Applicability. Definitions. Emission standard. Stack sampling, Air sampling. Subpart O--National Emission Standard for Beryllium Rocket Motor Firing 61.40 Applicability, 61.41 Definitions. 61.42 Emission standard. The President may exempt any new, pliance. Alternative methods may be ap 61.43 Emission testing--rocket firing or pro- modified, or existing stationary source proved by the Administrator for source peUant disposal. from compliance with the standards for testing; however, in cases where deter 61.44 Stack sampling. a period of up to 2 years, provided the minations of compliance using an alter technology is not available to implement native method are disputed, use of the Subpart E--National Emission Standard for . Mercury the standards and the operation of such reference method or its equivalent will 61.50 Applicability. source is required for reasons of national be required by the Administrator. An ap 6121 Definitions. security. Also, the President may grant exemptions for additional periods of 2 years or less. The construction of a new source or modification of an existing source cov ered by these standards cannot begin without approval of the Administrator. proved alternative method for beryllium is included In appendix B hereto. All emission data provided to or ob tained by the Administrator in carrying out these regulations will be available to the public. Records, reports, or informa tion other than trade secrets will be 61.52 Emission standard. 6123 Stack sampling. Appendix A--Compliance Status Information. Appendix B--Test Methods. Method 101--Reference method for determi nation of particulate and gaseous mercury emissions Jtrom stationary sources (air streams). To obtain approval, the owner or opera tor of such sources must apply in writing to the Administrator. Within 60 days, the Administrator will notify the owner or operator of approval or intention to available to the public. Pursuant to section 112(d)(1) of the act, the Environmental Protection Agency intends to delegate the author ity to implement and enforce national Method 102--Reference method for determi nation of particulate and gaseous mercury emissions from stationary sources (hydro gen streams). Method 103--Beryllium screening method. Method 104--Reference method for determi deny approval. If the Administrator in emission standards (except with respect nation of beryllium emissions from sta tends to deny approval, a specified time to stationary sources owned or operated tionary sources. will be given to provide additional infor by the United States) for hazardous air mation or arguments prior to final action pollutants to any State which submits an on the application. The final action on adequate procedure to the Administrator. Authoxjtt: 42 U.3.C. 1857C-7. Subpart A--General Provisions any application will be in writing by the The requisite procedure for requesting 61.01 Applicability. Administrator, and if denied, will in clude the reasons for denial. Although the demolition of buildings or structures containing asbestos ma terial and the spraying of asbestos ma terial will In many cases be modifications such delegation will be issued In the future by the Environmental Protection Agency. _ The regulations for the national emis sion standards for asbestos, beryllium, and mercury are hereby promulgated ef The provisions of this part apply to the owner or operator of any stationary source for which a standard is prescribed under this part. 61,02 Definitions. of existing stationary sources, the Ad fective upon promulgation (April 6, ministrator's approval Is not required be 1973),. ' fore beginning such operations. Section 112(c)(1) of the act specifies that no Dated: March 30, 1973. person may construct any new source or modify any existing source "* * unless the Administrator finds that such source Robert W. Fri, Acting Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency. if properly operated will not cause emis sions in violation of such standard." The demolition and spraying provisions are expressed in terms of procedures to be followed. Therefore, if the source is prop A new Part 61 Is added to Chapter 1, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, as follows: Subpart A--General Provisions erly operated, it will be complying with 61.01 Applicability. the standard, and there is no need for- 61.02 Definitions. the Administrator to make a finding with 61.03 Abbreviations. respect to each new source subject to fll.04 Address. these provisions. Each source covered by these stand ards is required to submit to the Admin 61.05 61.06 61.07 Prohibited activities. Determination of constructor! or modification. Application for approval of construc istrator within 90 days after promulga tion or modification. As used in this part, all terms not de fined herein shall have the meaning given them in the act: fa) "Act" means the Clean Air Act (42 UJS.C. 1857 et seq.). .(b) "Administrator" means the Ad ministrator of the Environmental Pro tection Agency or his authorized repre sentative. <c) "Alternative method" means any method of sampling and analyzing for an air pollutant which does not meet all of the criteria for equivalency but which has been demonstrated to the Administra tor's satisfaction to, in specific cases, pro duce results adequate for his determina tion of compliance. (d) "Commenced" means that an own er or operator has undertaken a con tinuous program of construction or tion certain Information pertaining to its 31.08 Approval by Administrator. modification or that an owner or operator operation. Changes in the information must be submitted within 30 days after the change, except where the change Is considered a modification. Then the re quirements for a modified source are applicable. 61.09 61.10 01.11 01.12 61.13 61.14 01.15 Notification of startup. Source reporting and waiver request. Waiver of compliance. Emission tests and monitoring. Waiver of emission, tests. Source test and analytical methods. Availability of information. has entered into a contractual obligation to undertake and complete, within a rea sonable time, a continuous program of construction or modification. ie) "Compliance schedule" means the date or dates by which a source or cate Three terms are associated with deter 01.16 State authority. gory of sources is required to comply with mining compliance by means of source ' Subpart B--National Emission Standard for testing: (1) Reference method, (2) Asbestos the standards of this part and with any steps toward such compliance which are equivalent method, and (3) alternative 61.20 Applicability. set forth in a waiver of compliance under method. Reference methods are the pre 6121 Definitions. 5 81.11. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRit 6, 1973 ULES AND REGULATIONS 8827 <) "Construction" means fabrication, yd'--Square yards. of which commenced after the publica erection, or installation of a stationary w.g.--Water gage. - tion date of the standards proposed to source. inHg--Inches of mercury. be applicable to such source, are subject vg> "Effective date" is the date of inHiO--Inches of water. to this prohibition. promulgation in the Federal Register r--Orams. <b) After the effective date of any of an applicable standard or other regu mg--Milligrams. standard prescribed under this part. no~ lation under this part N--Normal. _ owner or operator shall operate any new Ch) "Equivalent method" means any *B--Degree Rankine, source in violation of suucauspSuatmnduaarmd ecax"~ method of sampling and analyzing for min--Minute `ceppfct under an exeemmpptiomn igranted by the an air pollutant which has been demon sec--Second, President under seScti!.on 112(0(2) of thi strated to the Administrator's satisfac avg.--Average. tion to have a consistent and quantita I.D.--Inside diameter. (c) Ninety days after the effective date tively known relationship to the reference QJ5.--Outside diameter. of any standard prescribed under _ method, under specified conditions. #sg---Micrograms (lO^gram). part, no owner or operator shall operate <i) "Existing source" means any sta %--Percent. any existing stationary source in viola tionary source which is not a new source. Hg--Mercury. tion of such standard. excepT~un3er~a Cj) "Modification" means any physical Be--Beryllium. waiver granted by the Administrator in change in, or change in the method of operation of, a stationary source which 61.04 Address. an exemption granted, by tS5~PgSffdiBBt increases the amount of any hazardous All requests, reports, applications, sub under section 112(cl (2) of tne act. air pollutant emitted by such source or which results in the emission of any mittals, and other communications to the Administrator pursuant to this part (d) No ownerZor. operator"sWect to the provisions of this part shall fall to hazardous air pollutant not previously emitted, except that: (1) Routine maintenance, repair, and replacement shall not be considered physical changes, and shall be submitted in duplicate and ad dressed to the appropriate regional office of the Environmental Protection Agency, to the attention of the Director, Enforce ment Division. The regional offices are as test results as required under this part. 61.06 Determination of eonstraction or modification. (2) The following shall not be con follows: , Upon written application by an owner sidered a change in the method of operation: ' (1) An increase in the production rate, if such increase does not exceed the op erating design capacity of the stationary source; (il) An increase in hours of operation. <k) "New source" means any stationary source, the construction or modification of which is commenced after the publi cation in the Federal Register of pro posed national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants which will be applicable to such source. a) "Owner or operator" means any person who owns, leases, operates, con trols, or supervises a stationary source. , (m) "Reference method" means any 'method of sampling and analyzing for an air pollutant, as described In ap pendix B to this part. in) "Startup" means the setting in operation of a stationary source for any purpose. () "Standard" means a national emission standard for a hazardous air pollutant proposed or promulgated under this part. Region I (Connecticut, Maine, Massa chusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont), John F. Kennedy Federal Building, Boston, Mass. 02203. Region n (New York, New Jersey, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands), Mend Office Building, 26 Federal Plaza (Foley Square), New York, N.Y. 10007. Region IH (Delaware, District of Co lumbia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Vir ginia, West Virginia), Curtis Building, Sixth and Walnut Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. 19106. Region IV (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee), Suite 300, 1421 Peachtree Street, Atlanta, Ga. 30309. Region V (Illinois, Indiana, Minne sota, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin), 1 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, EL 60606. Region VI (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas), 1600 Pater son Street, Dallas, Tex. 75201. Region VII (Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska), 1735 Baltimore Street, Kan sas City, Mo. 64108. Region Vm (Colorado, Montana, or operator, the Administrator will make a determination of whether actions taken or intended to be taken by such owner or operator constitute construction or modification or the commencement thereof within the meaning of this part The Administrator will within 30 days of receipt of sufficient information to evaluate an application, notify the owner or operator of his determination. 61.07 Application for approval of construction or modification. (a) Hie owner or operator of any new source to which a standard prescribed under this part is applicable shall, prior to the date on which construction or modification is planned to commence, or within 30 days after the effective date in the case of a new source that already has commenced construction or modifi cation and has not begun operation, sub mit to the Administrator an application for approval of such construction or modification. A separate application shall be submitted for each stationary source. (b) Each application shall include: . (1) The name and address of the ap plicant. (p) "Stationary source" means any North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wy (2) The location or proposed location building, structure, facility, or installa oming), 916 Lincoln Towers, 1860 Lin of the source. tion which emits or may emit any air coln Street, Denver, Colo. 80203. (3) Technical information describing pollutant which has been designated as Region IX (Arizona,- California, the proposed nature, size, design, operat hazardous by the Administrator. Hawaii, Nevada, Guam, American ing design capacity, and method of oper 61.03 Abbreviations. The abbreviations used in this part have the following meanings: C--Degrees Centigrade, cfm--Cubic feet per minute, ft'--Square feet, ft*--Cubic feet. Samoa), 100 California Street, San Francisco, Calif. 94111. . . Region X (Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Alaska), 1200 Sixth Avenue, Seattle, Wash. 98101. . 61.05 Prohibited activities. (a)...After the effective date of any ation of the source, including & descrip tion of any equipment to be used for control of emissions. Such technical in formation shall include calculations of emission estimates in sufficient detail to permit assessment of the validity of such calculations. *F--Degrees Fahrenheit, standard prescribe under thtepart.^no 61.08 Approval by Administrator. , in--Inch. 1--Liter, ml--Milliliter. M--Molar, m*--Cubic meter, run--Nanometer, oz--Ounces. v/v--Volume per volume. Ify any-stationaiy sotirce subject to such standard without first obtainmg writtSh approval of the Administrator argeeBfg- *nce with-TEIs subpafOSgSpninaer-gn e.u..xn.ed..me--rpt--isoen-cTtViog- nran1te1d2(c)by(2) the of President the.~&SU Sources, the construction or modification (a) The Administrator will, within 60 days of receipt of sufficient information to evaluate an application under f 61.07, notify the owner or operator of approval or intention to deny approval of con struction or modification. (b) If the Administrator determines that a stationary source for which an No. 66--Pt. H------ 2 FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38. NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, I9E3 8828 RULES AND REGULATIONS application pursuant to S 61.07 was sub (5) The average weight per month of specified under paragraph (b) (3) of tiffs mitted will, if properly operated, not the hazardous materials being processed section are not met, cause emissions in violation, of a stand by the source, over the last 12 months u/ Specify dates by which steps to ard, be will approve the construction or preceding the date of the report. ward compliance are to be taken; and modification of such source. (6) A description of the existing con impose such additional conditions as the (O Prior to denying any application trol equipment for each emission point. Administrator determines to be neces for approval of construction or modifica (1) Primary control device(s) for each sary to assure installation of the neces tion pursuant to this section, the Admin hazardous pollutant. sary controls within the waiver period, istrator will notify the owner or operator ill) Secondary control devtce(s) for and to assure protection of the health making such application of the Admin each hazardous pollutant. of persons during the waiver period. istrator's intention to issue such denial, (Ill) Estimated control efficiency (per (c) Prior to denying any request for together with: ... cent) for each control device. a waiver pursuant to tiffs section, the <1) Notice of the information and (7) A statement by the owner or oper Administrator will notify the owner or findings on which such intended denial ator of the source as to whether he can operator making such request of the Ad is based, and comply with the standards prescribed in ministrator's intention to issue such (2) Notice of. opportunity for such this part within 90' days of the effective denial, together with; owner or operator to present, within such date. ' cl) Notice of the information and time limit as the Administrator shall (b> The owner or operator of an exist findings on which such intended denial specify, additional information or argu ing source unable to operate in compli is based, and ments to the Administrator prior to final ance with any standard prescribed under <2) Notice of opportunity for such action cm such application. tiffs part may request a waiver of com owner or operator to present, within (d> A final determination to deny any pliance with such standard for a period such time limit as the Administrator application for approval will be in writ not exceeding 2 years from the effective specifies, additional information or argu ing and will set forth the specific grounds date. Any request shall be in writing and ments to the Administrator prior to final on which such denial is based. Such final shall Include the following information: action on such request. determination will be made within 80 days of presentation of additional infor mation or arguments, or 60 days after the final date specified for presentation, if no presentation is made. (e) Neither the submission of an ap plication for approval nor the Admin istrator's granting of approval to con struct or modify shall: < (1) Relieve an owner or operator of legal responsibility for compliance with any applicable provision of this part or of any other applicable Federal, State, or local requirement, or (2) Prevent the Administrator from implementing or enforcing this part or taking any other action under the act. 61.09 Notification of startup. ' (!) A description of the controls to (d) A final determination to deny any be installed to comply with the standard. (2) A compliance schedule, including the date each step toward compliance will be reached. Such list shall include as a minimum the following dates: (i> Date by which contracts for emis sion control systems or process modifica tions will be awarded, or date by which. orders will be issued for toe purchase of component parts to accomplish emis sion control or process .modification; request for a waiver will be in writing and will set forth the specific grounds cm which such denial is based. Such final determination will be made within 60 days after presentation of additional in formation or arguments, or 60 days after the final date specified for such presen tation, if no presentation is made. (e) The granting of a waiver under this section shall not abrogate the Ad ministrator's authority under section 114 of the act. <ii) Date of initiation of onsite con struction or installation of emission con 61.12 Emission tests and monitoring. trol equipment or process change; (a) Emission tests and monitoring (iii) Date by which onsite construc shall be conducted and reported as set tion or installation of emission control forth in this part and appendix B to this equipment or process modification is to part. - (a) Any owner or operator of a source which has an initial startup after the effective date of a standard prescribed under this part shall furnish the Admin istrator written notification as follows: (1) A notification of the anticipated date of initial startup of the source not more than 60 days nor less than 30 days prior to such date. (2) A notification of the actual date of initial startup of the source within IS days after such date. . 61.10 Sonrce reporting and waiver rek quest. be completed; and (iv) Date by which final compliance is to be achieved. (3) A description of interim emission control steps which will be taken during the waiver periodr (c> Changes In the information provlded under paragraph (a) of this section shall be provided to the Administrator within 30 days after such change, except that if changes will result from modifica tion of the source, as defined in $ 61.02 (j), the provisions of } 61.07 and ! 61.08 are applicable. (b) The owner or operator of a new source subject to this part, and at the request of the Administrator, the owner or operator of an existing source sub ject to this part, shall provide or cause to be provided, emission testing facili ties as follows: (1) Sampling ports adequate for test methods applicable to such source. (2) Safe sampling platform(s). (3) Safe access to sampling plat- formis). (4) Utilities for sampling and testing equipment. "(a) The owner or operator of any existing source, or any new source to which a standard prescribed under this part is applicable which had an initial startup which preceded the effective date of a standard prescribed under this part shall, within 90 days after the effective date, provide the following information in writing to the Administrator: (1) Name and address of the owner or operator. <2) The location of the source. (3) The type of hazardous pollutants emitted by the stationary source. . <4) A brief description of the nature, size, design, and method of operation of the stationary source including toe op erating design capacity of such source. Identify each point of emission for each hazardous pollutant. - (d) The format for reporting under 61.13 Waiver of emission tests. this section is included as appendix A of fa) Emission tests may be waived tiffs part. Advice on reporting the status upon written application to the Admin of compliance may be obtained- from the istrator if, in his judgment, the source Administrator. is meeting the standard, or if the source 61.11 Waiver of compliance. is operating under a waiver of compliance (a) Based cm the Information provided in any request under 5 61.10, or other in formation, the Administrator may grant a waiver of compliance with a standard for a period not exceeding 2 years from the effective date of such standard. or has requested a waiver of compliance. (b) If application for waiver of the emission test is made, such application shall accompany the information re quired by S 61.10. The appropriate form is contained in appendix A to this part. (c) Approval of any waiver granted <b) Such waiver will be in writing and. pursuant to this section shall not abro will: gate the Administrator's authority under (1) Identify the stationary source the act or in any way prohibit the Ad covered. ministrator from later canceling such (2) Specify the. termination, dato of- waiver. Such cancellation will be made the waiver. The waiver may be termi only after notice Is given to the owner nated at an earlier date if the conditions or operator of the source. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 3*, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8829 61.14 Source teal and analytical meth- ds (a) Methods 101, 102, and 104 in ap pendix B to this part shall be used for all source tests required under this part, uniosR an equivalent method or an al ternative method has been approved by the Administrator. Cb) Method 103 in appendix B to this part is hereby approved by the Admin istrator as an alternative method for sources subject to 161.32(a) and 5 61.42 <b>. i'c) The Administrator may, after no tice to the owner or operator, withdraw approval of an alternative method granted under paragraph (a) or (b) of this section. Where the test results using an alternative method do not adequately indicate whether a source Is in compli ance with a standard, the Administrator may require the use of the reference method or its equivalent. 61.15 Availability of information. (a) Emission data provided to, or oth erwise obtained by, the Administrator in accordance with the provisions of this part shall be available to the public. (b) Any records, reports, or informa tion, other than emission data, provided to, or otherwise obtained by, the Admin istrator in accordance with the provisions of this part shall be available to the pub lic, except that upon a showing satisfac tory to the Administrator by any person that such records, reports, or informa tion. or particular part thereof (other than emission data), if made public, would divulge methods or processes en titled to protection as trade secrets of such person, the Administrator will con sider such records, reports, or informa tion, or particular part thereof, confi dential in accordance with the purposes of section 1905 of title 18 of the United States Code, except that such records, re ports, or information, or particular part thereof, may be disclosed to other officers, employees, or authorized representatives of the United States concerned with car rying out the provisions of the act or when relevant in any proceeding under the act. 61.16 Stale authority,, (a) The provisions of this part shall not be construed in any manner to pre clude any State or political subdivision thereof from: (1) Adopting and enforcing any emis sion limiting regulation applicable to a stationary source, provided that such emission limiting regulation is not less stringent than the standards prescribed under this part. (2) Requiring the owner or operator of a stationary source, other than a sta tionary source owned or operated by the United States, to obtain permits, licenses, or approvals prior to initiating construc tion, modification, or operation of such source. Subpart B--National Emission Standard for Asbestos | 61.20 Applicability. The provisions of this subpart are ap plicable to those sources specified in 5 61.22. 61.21 Definition*. Terms used in this subpart are defined in the act, in subpart A of this part, or in this section as follows: (a) "Asbestos" means actinolite, amosite, anthophyllite, chrysotile, crocidolite, tremolite. (b) "Asbestos material" means as? bestos or any material containing as bestos. (c) "Particulate asbestos material" means finely divided particles of asbestos material. (d) "Asbestos tailings" means any solid waste product of asbestos mining or milling operations which contains as bestos. <e> "Outside air" means the air out side buildings and structures. (f> "Visible emissions" means any emissions which are visually detectable without the aid of instruments and which contain particulate asbestos material. 61.22** Emission standard. () Asbestos mills: There shall be no visible emissions to the outside air from any asbestos mill except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section. Outside storage of asbestos materials is not con sidered a part of an asbestos mill. <b) Roadways: The surfacing of road ways with asbestos tailings is prohibited, except for temporary roadways on an area of asbestos ore deposits. The deposi tion of asbestos tailings on roadways cov ered with snow or ice is considered "sur facing." <c) Manufacturing: There shall be no visible emissions to the outside air, ex cept as provided in paragraph <f) of this section, from any building or struc ture in which the fallowing operations are conducted or directly from any of the following operations if they are con ducted outside of buildings or structures. (1) The manufacture of cloth, cord, wicks, tubing, tape, twine, rope, thread, yarn, roving, lap, or other textile ma terials. (2) The manufacture of cement prod ucts. (3) The manufacture of fireproofing and insulating materials. (4) The manufacture of friction products. <b> The manufacture of paper, mill board, and felt. () The manufacture of floor tile. (7) The manufacture of paints, coat ings, caulks, adhesives, sealants. (8) The manufacture of plastics and rubber materials. <9) The manufacture of chlorine. (d) Demolition: Any owner or opera tor of a demolition operation who intends to demolish any institutional, commer cial, or industrial building (including apartment buildings having more than four dwelling units), structure, facility, installation, or portion thereof which contains any boiler, pipe, or load-sup porting structural member that is insu lated or fireproofed with friable asbestos material shall comply with the require ments set forth in this paragraph. U) Notice of intention to demolish shall be provided to the Administrator at least 20 days prior to commencement of such demolition or anytime prior to commencement of demolition subject to paragraph (d) (4) of this section. Such notice shall include the following Information: (1) Name of owner or operator. (ii) Address of owner or operator. (iii) Description of the building, struc ture, facility, or installation to be de molished. (iv) Address or location of the build ing, structure, facility or installation. (v) Scheduled starting and completion dates of demolition. . (vi) Method of demolition to be em ployed. evil) Procedures to be employed to meet the requirements of this paragraph. (2) The following procedures shall be used to prevent emissions of particulate asbestos material to outside air: (i) Friable asbestos materials, used to insulate or fireproof any boiler, pipe, or load-supporting structural member, shall be wetted and removed from any build ing, structure, facility, or installation subject to this paragraph before wreck ing of load-supporting structural mem bers is commenced'. The friable asbestos debris shall be wetted adequately to in sure that such debris remains wet during all stages of demolition and related han dling operations. (ii) No pipe or load-supporting struc tural member that is covered with fri able asbestos insulating or fireproofing material shall be dropped or thrown to the ground from any building, structure, facility, or installation subject to this paragraph, but shall be carefully low ered or taken to ground level. (Iii) No friable asbestos debris shall be dropped or thrown to the ground from any building, structure, facility, or in stallation subject to this paragraph-or from any floor to any floor below. For buildings, structures, facilities, or In stallations, 50 feet or greater in height, friable asbestos debris shall be trans ported to the ground via dust-tight chutes or containers. (3) Sources subject to this paragraph are exempt from the requirements of 55 61.05(a), 61.07, and 61.09. (4) Any owner or operator of a demoli tion operation who intends to demolish a building, structure, facility, or installa tion to which the provisions of this para graph would be applicable but which has been declared by proper State or local authority to be structurally unsound and which is in danger of imminent collapse is exempt from the requirements of this paragraph other than the reporting re quirements specified by paragraph (d> (1) of this section and the wetting of friable asbestos debris as specified by paragraph <d) (3) (i) of this section. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 3, NO. 66--FRIDAY", APRIL 6, 1973 8830 RULES AND REGULATIONS (e> Spraying: There shall be no visible only for so long as it takes to shut down (h) "Incinerator" means any furnace emiwiwhG '.c `Stride air from the the orererion generating the oarticulate used In the process of bum inv waste for spray-on application of materials con asbestos material. the primary purpose of reducing the taining more than 1 percent asbestos, on a dry weight basis, used to insulate or g 61.24 Reporting. volume of the waste by removing com bustible matter. fireproof equipment and machinery, ex cept as provided in paragraph (f) of this section. Spray-on materials used to insu late or fireproof buildings, structures, pipes, and conduits shall contain less than 1 percent asbestos on a dry weight The owner or operator of any existing source to which this subpart Is applicable shall, within 90 days after the effective date, provide the following information to the administrator: . (a) A description of the emission con (i) "Propellant" means a fuel and oxi dizer physically or chemically combined which undergoes combustion to provide rocket propulsion. (j) "Beryllium alloy" means any metal to which beryllium has been added in basis. ` trol equipment used for each process; order to increase its beryllium content " (1) Sources subject to this* paragraph <b> If a fabric filter device is used to and which contains more than 0.1 per are exempt from the requirements of control emissions, the pressure drop cent beryllium by weight. ! 61.05(a), { 61.07, and l 61.09. (2) Any owner or operator who intends across the fabric filter in inches water gage. >k) "Propellant plant" means any facility engaged in the mixing, casting, to spray asbestos materials to insulate or (1) If the fabric filter device utilizes a or machining of propellant. fireproof buildings, structures, pipes, con woven fabric, the airflow permeability duits, equipment, and machinery shall in ft*/min/ft*; and, if the fabric is syn 61.32 Emission standard. report such intention to the administra thetic, Indicate whether the fill yam is (a) Emissions to the atmosphere from tor at least 20 days prior to the com spun or not spun. - stationary sources subject to the provi mencement of the spraying operation. (2) If the fabric filter device utilizes sions of this subpart shall not exceed 10 Such report shall include theJoliowing a felted fabric, the density in oz/yd*, the grams of beryllium over a 24-hour period, information: minimum thickness in inches, and the except as provided in paragraph (b) of (i) Name of owner or operator, airflow permeability in ff/mln/ft*. this section. t ii) Address of owner or operator. (iil) Location of spraying operation. (It) Procedures to be followed to meet the requirements of this paragraph. <f) Bather than meet the no-visibleemission requirements of paragraphs (a), (o), and (e) of this section, an owner or operator may elect to use the methods specified by S 61.23 to clean emissions containing particulate asbestos material before such emissions escape to, or are vented to, the outside air. (c) Such information shall accompany the information required by 61.10. The appropriate form is contained in appen dix A to this part Subpart C--National Emission Standard for Beryllium 61,34 Applicability. The provisions of this subpart are ap plicable to the following stationary sources: . (a) Extraction plans, ceramic plants, foundries, incinerators, and propellant b) Rather than meet*the require ment of paragraph (a) of this section, an owner or operator may request ap proval from the Administrator to meet an ambient concentration limit on beryl lium in the vicinity of the stationary source of 0.01 pg/ni\ averaged over a 30-day period. - (1) Approval of such requests may be granted by the Administrator provided that: (I) At least 3 years-of data is avail able which in the judgment of the Ad 0 61.23 Air-cleaning. plants which process beryllium ore, beryl ministrator demonstrates that the fu If air-cleaning is elected, as permit ted by S 61.22(f), the requirements of this section must be met. . (a) Fabric filter collection devices must be used, except as noted in para graphs (b) and (c) of this section. Such devices must be operated at a pressure lium, beryllium oxide, beryllium alloys, or beryllium-containing waste. tb) Machine shops which process beryllium, beryllium oxides, or any alloy when such alloy contains more than 5 percent beryllium by weight. 61.31 Definitions. ture ambient concentrations of beryllium in the vicinity of the stationary source will not exceed 0.01 fig/m.1, averaged over a 30-day period. Such 3-year period shall be the 3 years ending 30 days before the effective date of this standard. (ii) The owner or operator requests such approval in writing within 30 days drop of no more than 4 inches water gage, Terms used in this subpart are de after the effective date of this standard. as measured across the filter fabric. The fined in the act, in subpart A of this (iil) The owner or operator submits a airflow permeability, as determined by part, or in this section as follows: report to the Administrator within 45 ASTM method D737-69, must not exceed (a) "Beryllium" means the element days after the effective date of this 30 ft*/min/ ft* for woven fabrics or 35 beryllium. Where weights or concentra standard which report includes the fol ftymih/ft* for felted fabrics, except that tions are specified, such weights or con lowing information: 40 ftVmin/ft' for woven and 45 ft*/ centrations apply to beryllium only, (a) Description of sampling method min/ft* for felted fabrics, is allowed for excluding the weight ot concentration of including the method and frequency of filtering air from asbestos ore dryers. any associated elements. calibration. Each square yard of felted fabric must weigh at least 14 ounces and be at least one-sixteenth inch thick throughout. Synthetic fabrics must not contain fill yam other than that which is spun. <b) If the use of fabric filters creates a fire or explosion hazard, the adminis trator may authorize the use of wet col lectors designed to operate with a unit (b) "Extraction plant" means a fa cility chemically processing beryllium ore to beryllium metal, alloy, or oxide, or performing any of the intermediate steps in these processes. (c) "Beryllium ore" means any natu rally occurring material mined or gathered for its beryllium content. <d> "Machine shop" means a facility (b) Method of sample analysis. (at Averaging technique for determin ing 30-day average concentrations. (d) Number, identity, and location (address, coordinates, or distance and heading from plant) of sampling sites. (e) Ground elevations and height above ground of sampling inlets. contacting energy of at least 40 inches performing cutting, grinding, turning, (/> Plant and sampling area plots water gage pressure. honing, milling, deburring, lapping, showing emission points and sampling <c) The administrator may authorize the use of filtering equipment other than that described in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section if the owner or operator electrochemical machining, etching, or other similar operations. (e) "Ceramic plant" means a manu facturing plant producing ceramic items. sites. Topographic features significantly affecting dispersion including plant building heights and locations shall be included. demonstrates to the satisfaction of the (f) "Foundry" means a facility en (fir) Information necessary for esti administrator that the filtering of par gaged in the melting or casting of mating dispersion including stack height, ticulate asbestos material is equivalent beryllium metai or alloy. inside diameter, exit gas temperature, to that of the described equipment. (g) "Beryllium-containing waste" exit velocity or flow rate, and beryllium (d) All air-cleaning equipment au means material contaminated with concentration. thorized by this section must be properly beryllium and/or beryllium compounds ` Oit A description of data and proce installed, used, operated, and maintained. used or generated during any process or dures imethods or models) used to de Bypass devices may be used only during operation performed by a source subject sign the air sampling network (i.e., num unset or emergency conditions and then to this subpart. ber and location of sampling sites). FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 3S, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8831 (1) Air sampling data indicating beryl in accordance with a plan approved by before the close of the next business day lium concentrations in the vicinity of the the Administrator. Such sites shall be following determination of such results. stationary source for the 3-year period located in such a manner as is calculated '.'<) Records of air sampling test results specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this to detect maximum concentrations of and other data needed to determine in section. This data shall be presented beryllium in the ambient air. tegrated intermittent concentrations chronologically and include the beryl (b) All monitoring sites shall be op- shall be retained at the source and made lium concentration and location of each -erated continuously except for a reason available, for inspection by the Admin individual sample taken by the network able time allowance for instrument main istrator, for a minimum of 2 years. and the corresponding 30-day average tenance and calibration, for changing (d) The Administrator shall be noti beryllium concentrations. filters, or for replacemet of equipment fied at least 30 days prior to an air sam (2) Within 60 days after receiving needing major repair. pling test, so that he may at his option such report, the Administrator will notify (c> Filters shall be analyzed and con observe the test. -the owner or operator in writing whether approval is granted or denied. Prior to centrations calculated within 30 days after filters are collected. Records of 61.44 Stack sampling. denying approval to comply with the pro concentrations at all sampling sites and (a) Sources subject to 61.42(b) shall visions of paragraph (b) of this section, other data needed to determine such con be continuously sampled, dining release the Administrator will consult with centrations shall be retained at the source of combustion products from the tank, in representatives of the stationary source tod made available, for inspection by the such a manner that compliance with the for which the demonstration report was Administrator, for a minimum of 2 years. standards can be determined. The pro submitted. <d) Concentrations measured at all visions of S 61.14 shall apply. (c) The burning of beryllium and/or sampling sites shall be reported to the (b) All samples shall be analyzed, and beryllium-containing waste, except pro Administrator every 30 days by a regis beryllium emissions shall be determined pellants, is prohibited except in incinera tered letter. within 30 days after samples are taken tors, emissions from which must comply (e) The Administrator may at any time and before any subsequent rocket motor with the standard. require changes in, or expansion of, the firing or propellant disposal at the given 61.33 Stack sampling. (a) Unless a waiver of emission testing is obtained under S 61.13, each owner or operator required to comply with $ 61.32(a) shall test emissions from his source, (1) Within SO days of the effective date in the case of an existing source or a new source which has an initial startup date preceding the effective date; or (2) Within 00 days of startup in the case of a new source which did not have an initial startup date preceding the ef fective date. (b) The Administrator shall be noti fied at least 30 days prior to an emission test so that he may at his option observe the test. <c> Samples shall be taken over such a period or periods as are necessary to ac curately determine the maximum emis sions which will occur in any 24-hour period. Where emissions depend upon the relative frequency of operation of differ ent types of processes, operating hours, operating capacities, or other factors, the calculation of maximum 24-hour- period emissions will be based on that combination of factors which is likely to ocdur during the subject period and which result in the maximum emissions. No changes in the operation shall be made, which would potentially increase emissions above that determined by the most recent source test, until a new emis sion level has been estimated by calcula tion and the results reported to the Ad ministrator. <d) All samples shall be analyzed and beryllium emissions shall be determined within 80 days after the source test. All determinations shall be reported to the Administrator by a registered letter dis patched before the close of the next busi ness day following such determination. (e) Records of emission test results and other data needed to determine total emissions shall be retained at the source and made available, for inspection by the sampling network. Subpart D--National Emission Standard for Beryllium Rocket Motor Firing 61.40 Applicability. The provisions of this subpart are ap plicable to rocket motor test sites. 61.41 Definitions. Terms used in this subpart are defined in the Act. in Subpart A of this part, or in this section as follows: <a) "Rocket motor test site" means any building, structure, facility, or installa tion where the static test firing of a beryllium rocket motor and/or the dis posal of beryllium propellant is conducted. <b) "Beryllium propellant" means any propellant incorporating beryllium. 61.42 Emission standard. (a) Emissions to the atmosphere from rocket-motor test sites shall not cause time-weighted atmospheric concentra tions of beryllium to exceed 15 micro gram minutes per cubic meter of air within the limits of 10 to 60 minutes, accumulated during any 2 consecutive weeks, in any area in which- an effect adverse to public health could occur. (b) If combustion products from the firing of beryllium propellant are col lected In a closed tank, emissions from such tank shall not exceed 2 grams per hour and a maximum of 10 grams per day. 61.43 Emission testing--rocket firing or propellant disposal. (a) Ambient air concentrations shall be measured during and after firing of a rocket motor or propellant disposal and in such a manner that the effect of these emissions can be compared with the standard. Such sampling techniques shall be approved by the Administrator. (b> All samples shall be analyzed and results shall be calculated within 30 days site. All determinations shall be reported, to the Administrator by a registered let ter dispatched before the close of the next business day following such deter minations. <c) Records of emission test results and other data needed to determine total emissions shall be retained at the source and made available, for inspection by the Administrator, for a minimum of 2 years. (d) The Administrator shall be noti fied at least 30 days prior to an emission test, so that he may at his option observe the test. Subpart E--National Emission Standard for Mercury 61.50 Applicability. The provisions of this subpart are ap plicable to those stationary sources which process mercury ore to recover mercury, and to those which use mercury chloralkali cells to produce chlorine gas and alkali metal hydroxide. 61.51 Definitions. Terms used in this subpart are defined in the act, in subpart A of this part, or in this section as follows: - (a) "Merpury" means the element mer cury, excluding any associated elements, and includes mercury in particulates, va pors, aerosols, and compounds. (b) "Mercury ore" means a mineral mined specifically for its mercury con tent. (c) "Mercury ore processing facility" means a facility processing mercury ore to obtain mercury. (d) "Condenser stack gases" mean the gaseous effluent evolved from the stack of processes utilizing heat to extract mer cury metal from mercury ore. (e) "Mercury chlor-alkaU ceil" means a device which is basically composed of pm electrolyzer section and a denuder (decomposer) section and utilizes mer cury to produce chlorine gas, hydrogen gas, and alkali metal hydroxide. Administrator, for a minimum of 2 years. after samples are taken and before any (f) "Mercury chlor-alkali electrolyzer" 61.34- Air sampling. subsequent rocket motor firing or pro means an electrolytic device which is part pellant disposal at the given site. All re of a mercury chlor-alkali cell and utilizes (a) Stationary sources subject to sults shall be reported to the Adminis a flowing mercury cathode to produce $ 61.32(b) shall locate air sampling sites trator by a registered letter dispatched chlorine gas and alkali metal amalgam. 66FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 3, NO. --FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 8832 RULES AND REGULATIONS (g> "Denuder" means a horizontal or date in the case of an existing source or the Administrator, for a minimum of vertical container which is part of a mer a new source which has an initial startup 2 years. cury chlor-alkali cell and in which water date preceding the effective date; or ic> Mercury chlor-alkali plants-- and alkali metal amalgam are converted <ii) Within 90 days of startup in the cell room ventilation system. to alkali metal hydroxide, mercury, and case of a new source which did not have < 1) Stationary sources using mercury hydrogen gas in a short-circuited, elec an initial startup date preceding the ef chlor-alkali cells may test cell room trolytic reaction. ' fective date. emissions in accordance with paragraph (h) "Hydrogen gas stream" means a (2) The Administrator shall be noti (c)(2) of this section or demonstrate hydrogen stream formed in the chlor- fied at least 30 days prior to an emission compliance with paragraph (c) (4) of this alkail ceil denuder. test, so that he may at his option observe section and assume ventilation emissions (i> "End box" means a container(s) the teat. of 1,300 gms/day of mercury. located on one or both ends of a mercury (3) Samples shall be taken over such (2) Unless a waiver of emission test chlor-alkali electrolyzer which serves a period or periods as are necessary to ing is obtained under 61.13, each owner as a connection between the electrolyzer accurately determine the maximum emis or operator shall pass all cell room air and denuder for rich and stripped sions which will occur in a 24-hour in forced gas streams through stacks amalgam. period. No changes in the operation shall suitable for testing, (j) "End box ventilation system" be made, which would potentially in (D Within 90 days of the effective date means a ventilation system which col crease emissions above that determined in the case of an existing source or a new lects mercury emissions from the end- by the most recent source test, until the source which has an initial startup date boxes, the mercury pump sumps, and new emission has been estimated by cal preceding the effective date: or their water colection systems. culation and the results reported to the (Ji) Within 90 days of startup in the tk) "Cell room" means a structure(s) Administrator. case of a new source which did not have housing one or more mercury electro (4) All samples shall be analyzed and an initial startup date preceding the lytic chlor-alkali cells. ' mercury emisions shall be determined effective date. - 61.52 Emission standard. within 30 days after the source test. All (3) The Administrator shall be noti the determinations will be reported to fied at least 30 days prior to an emission Emissions to the atmosphere from sta the Administrator by a registered letter test, so that he may at his option observe tionary sources subject to the provisions dispatched before the close of the next the test. - of this subpart shall not exceed 2,300 business day following such determina (4) An owner or operator may carry grams of mercury per 24-hour period. tion. out approved design, maintenance, and 61.53 Stack sampling. (a) Mercury ore processing facility. <1) Unless a waiver of emission testing is obtained under 61,13, each owner (5) Records of emission test results and other data needed to determine total emissions shall be retained at the source and made available, for inspection by housekeeping practices. A list of ap proved design, maintenance, and house keeping practices may be obtained from the Administrator. ' or operator processing mercury ore shall test emissions from his source, APPENDIX A (i) Within 90 days of the effective date in the case of an existing source or National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants a new source which has an initial start Compliance Status Information up date preceding the effective date; or ill) Within 90 days of startup in the case of a new source which did not have an initial startup date preceding the ef fective date. (2) The Administrator shall be noti fied at least 30 days prior to an emission test, so that he may at his option observe the test. r. SOURCE REPORT Instructlonsi Owners or operators of sources of hazardous pollutants subject to the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants are required to submit the information contained In' Section I to the appropriate EPA USE ONLY l h * & I *' 19 23 l.w i .t ^-.--1 13. 80 U (3) Samples shall be taken over such Environmental Protection Agency a period or periods as are necessary to accurately determine the maximum emissions which will occur in a 24-hour Regional Office before (date which , .. is 90 days after the standards are promulgated), A listing of regional offices Is provided In 1 61.04. period. No changes in the operation shall be made, which would potentially in A. SOURCE INFORMATION. crease emissions above that determined 1. Identification/Location - Indicate the name and address of each by the most recent source test, until the source. new emission level has been estimated by calculation and the results reported'to A29 A48 the Administrator. I ,,i- f .,.,f i--'.r , '->"J (4) All samples shall be analyzed, and mercury emissions shall be determined within 30 days after the source test. Each determination will be reported to the Ad M3 ' , 1 r riwAn! 1 1 1 r T A6S ministrator by a registered letter dis patched before the close of the next busi BIS B33 . .834 833 ness day following such determination. 1 '-Art ' yj 1 'm'ahTT-1 (5) Records of emission test results and other data needed to determine total emissions shall be retained at the source and made available, for inspection by the w Administrator, for a minimum of 2 years. 2. Contact - Indicate the name and telephone nunfcer of the owner or lb) Mercury chlor-alkali plant--hy operator or other responsible official whoa EPA tray contact con drogen and end-box ventilation gas cerning this report. streams. <T> Unless a waiver of emission test ing is obtained under S 61.13, each owner B39 B53 1 .,1. t,it .t--T r r t V or operator employing mercury' chlor- alkali cell(s) shall test emissions from his source, B54 863 (i) Within 90 days of the effective FEDERAL REGISTER1, VOL 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 t 3. Source Description - Briefly state the nature of the source (e.g., "Chlor-alkall Plant", or "Machine Shop"). Cl 9 M3 1 i--)..l_J l....l..i-i 1., 1,1.1 V...T . 1....1--i i--s t. i- i i i - t 4. Alternative Hailing Address - Indicate an alternative walling address If correspondence Is to be directed to a location different than that specified above. CM 1 1-- - j__ i,,, 4i _i__i__1__1--1 TiOTT C64 LJ~*' C63 -i__i_ J--uJ m. m C79 D75 Wr^ L_1 D79. S. Compliance Status - The emissions from this source can cannot meet the emission limitations contained In the National Emission Standards on or before (date which Is 90 divs after the promulgation of the standards). Signature of owner, operator or other responsible official NOTE: If the emissions from the source will exceed those limits set by the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, the source will be in violation and subject to Federal enforcement actions unless granted a waiver of compliance by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. The Information needed for such waivers Is listed In Section II of this form. 8. PROCESS INFORMATION. Part B should be completed separately, for each point of emission for each hazardous pollutant. ' % 1. Process Description - Provide a brief description of each proceSs (e.g., "hydrogen end box" In a mercury chlor-alkall plant, "grinding machine" In a beryllium machine shop). Use additional sheets If necessary. G21 , II1t1------------- 1---1 !__t 1---1--I--- V-l--I1-1.-II 1.... .1 ..I ...1., 2. Pollutant Emitted - Indicate the type of hazardous pollutant emitted by the process. Indicate "AB" for asbestos, "BE" for beryllium, or "KG" for mercury. G19 <320 G45. 3. Amount of Pollutant - Indicate the average weight of the hazardous material named In Item 2 which enters the process In pounds per month (based on the previous twelve months of operation). G54 E60 I__i..t--i.,.t--l__i__1 4. Control Devices a. Indicate the type of pollution control devices. If any, used to reduce the emissions from the process (e.g., venturi scrubber, baghouse, wet cyclone) and the estimated percent of the pollutant which the device removes from/the process gas stream. HI 9 * 'coItroI' I'evke tot H34 H51 1153 J ^ ptWrrWovAL EFFICIENCY H35 1 ,t~l -jB&Mfry ^rwitTfa&E fart EFFICIENCY t. Asbestos Emission Control Devices Only 1. If a baghouse is' specified in Item 4a give the folltMirg information: . The air flow permeability In cubic feet per minute per square foot of fabric area: Air flow permeability . eftn/ft? RULES AND REGULATIONS FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 8834 RULES AND REGULATIONS 4 The pressure drop In Inches water gauge across the filter at which the bayhouse is operated S. Operating pressure drop *Inches w.g If the haghouse material contains synthetic fill .vara, check whether this material is spun [3 or not spun I I. If the baghouse utilizes a felted fabric, give the Minimum thickness in Inches and the density In ounces per square yard. Thickness _inches Density "pz/yd 2 11, If * wet collection device Is specified in item 4a, give the designed unit contacting energy In Inches water gauge, Unit contacting energy * , Inches w.g. It, mm REQUESTS A. WAIVER OF COMPLIANCE. Owners EPA USE ONLY or operators of sources unable to operate In compliance with the National Emission Standards I1 . 1 f 1 i1 .'3i r . c sc for Hazardous Air Pollutants by (date which is 90 days after the'standards are promulgated) may request a waiver of corallance from the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency for the time period necessary to install appropriate control-devices or make modifications to achieve compliance. The Administrator may grant a waiver of compliance with the standard for a period not exceeding two years from the effective date of the hazardous pollutant standards if he finds that such period Is necessary for the Installation of controls and that steps will be taken during the period of the waiver to assure that the health of persons will be protected from Imminent endangerment. s The reporting information provided in Section I must accompany this application. Applications should be sent to the appropriate EPA regional pffice. ' 1. Processes Involved - Indicate the process or processes emitting hazardous pollutants to which emission controls are to be applied. 2. Controls a. Describe the proposed type of control device to be added or modification to be made to the process to reduce the emissions of hazardous pollutants to an acceptable level. Use additional Sheets if necessary. b. Describe the Measures that will be taken during the waiver period to assure that the health of persons will be protected from Imminent endangerment. Use additional sheets If necessary. 3. Increments of Progress - specify the dates by which the following Increments of progress will be met. Date by which contracts for emission control systems or process modifications will be awarded; or date by which orders will be Issued for the purchase of the component parts to accomplish mission control or process modification. Date of initiation of on-site construction or Installation of emission control equipment or process change. 3 02 YEAR FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 --nno. ee--Pt. S Date by which on-site construction or installation of antssio. control equipment or process modification Is to be completed. r;,,n .11:1 03 TOT m Test Date by which final coapliance Is to be achieved. 154 159. r, f i . 11 ri 04 Wnr 1ST TEST Signature of owner or operator ACID TRAP s B. WAIVER OF EMISSION TESTS. A waiver of emission testing may be granted to owners or operators of sources of beryllium or mercury pollutants if. In the Judgment of the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency the emissions from the source comply with the appropriate standard or If the owners or operators of the source have requested a waiver of coapliance or have been granted a waiver of compliance. Tills application should accompany the reporting Information provided In Section I. 1. Reason ~ State the reasons for requesting a waiver of emission testing. If the reason stated Is that the emissions from the source Is within the prescribed limits, documentation of this condition must be attached. IttfLES AND REGULATIONS " hate.. . Signature of the owner or operator Appendix B--Tear Methods METHOD 101. REFERENCE METHOD FOR DETER MINATION OP PARTICTJIATE AND SASEOUS MER CURY EMISSIONS PROM STATIONARY SOURCES (AIR STREAMS) 3. Principle and applicability--1.1 Prin ciple. Particulate and gaseous mercury emis sions are lsoklnetlcally sampled from, the source and collected In acidic Iodine mono chloride solution. The mercury collected (In the mercuric form) Is reduced to elemental mercury In basic solution by hdroxylamlne sulfate. Mercury Is aerated from the solution and analyzed using spectrophotometry. 1.2 Applicability. This method Is applica ble for the determination of particulate and gaseous mercury emissions when the carrier gag stream Is principally air. The method Is for use In ducts or stacks at stationary sources. Unless otherwise specified,' this method is not Intended to apply to gas streams other than thosB emitted directly to the atmosphere without further processing. 2. Apparatus--2.1 Sampling train. A sche matic of the sampling train used by EPA Is shown in figure 101-1, Commercial models of this train are available, although con struction details are described In APTTJ0681,t and operating and maintenance proce dures are described In APTD-0576. The com ponents essential to this sampling train are the following: 1 These documents are available for a nomi nal cost from the National Technical Infor mation Service, U.s. Department of Com merce, 6285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 32151. Figure iot-1. Mercury sampling train 2.1.1 Nodule. Stainless t'eel or glass with sharp, tapered leading edge. 2.1.2 Probe. Sheathed PyrexJ glass. A heating system capable of maintaining a minimum gas temperature of 260* 3? at the probe outlet during sampling may be used to prevent condensation from occurring. 2,13 Pitot tube. Type S (Figure 101-2), or equivalent, with a coefficient within 5 per cent over the working tange, attached to probe to monitor stack gas velocity. 2.1.4 Implngers. Four Qreenburg-Smlth Implngers connected In series with glass ball Joint fittings. The first, third, and fourth Im plngers may be modified by replacing the tip with a one-half Inch ID glass tube ex tending to one-half Inch from the bottom of the flask. 2.1.5 Acid Trap. Mine Safety Appliances Air Line Filter, Catalogue Number 81857, with acid absorbing cartridge and suitable connections, or equivalent. ` 2.1.6 Metering system. Vacuum gauge, leakless pump, thermometers capable of measuring temperature to within 5* F, dry gas meter with 2 percent accuracy, end re lated equipment, described In APTD-0581, to maintain an Isokinetic sampling re fe and to determine sample volume. Pirn cotpum. HRi.-iAMmn * Mention of trade names or specific prod ucts does not constitute endorsement by the Environmental Protection Agency. Fisw 101-:. Pitot urn - irnsmm eumeiy. -u 2.1.7 Filter Holder (optional) -Pyre t glass. A filter may be used In cases where he gas stream to be sampled contains large quan FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, I. 66--FR1DAV, APRIL 6, 1973 ta 8836 RULES AND REGULATIONS titles of particulate matter. The Alter holder 3.3 Analysis--33.1 Sodium hydroxide, 4.222 The sampling site should be at least must provide a positive seal against leakage 10 H.--Dissolve 400 g of sodium hydroxide eight stack or duct diameters downstream i'rom. outside or around the Alter. A heating pellets m distilled water and dilute to 1 to 1. and '.to diameters upstream !rzm any How system capable of maintaining the Alter at 33.2 Reducing agent, 12 percent hydros- a minimum temperature of 250* F. should ylamine sulfate, 12 percent sodium chlo be used to prevent condensation from occur ride.--To 60 ml of distilled water, add 12 g ring. . or hydroxylamine sulfate and 12 g of sodium 2.1.8 Barometer. To measure atmospheric chloride. Dilute to 100 ml. This quantity is pressure to *0.1 in Hg. sufficient for 20 analyses and must be pre 2.2 Measurement of stack conditions pared dally. (stack pressure, temperature, moisture and 3.325 Aeration gas.--Zero grade air. velocity)--2.2.1 Pitot tube. Type S, or 3.3.4 Hydrochloric acid, OAtf.--Dilute 25JS equivalent, with a coefficient within 5 percent ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid to 1 to over the workmg range. 1 with distilled water. 222 Differential pressure gauge. Inclined 3.4 Standard mercury solutions--3.4.1 manometer, or equivalent, to measure veloc Stock solution.--Add 0.1354 g of mercuric ity held to within 10 percent of the minimum chloride to 80 ml of 023N hydrochloric acid. value. Mlcromanometer* should be used If After the mercuric chloride has dissolved, warranted. add 03N hydrochloric acid and adjust the 2.2.3 Temperature gauge. Any tempera volume to 100 ml. One ml of this solution ture measuring device to measure stack tern- ' Is equivalent to 1 mg of free mercury. perature to within 1 * F. 3.421 Standard solutions.--Prepare cali 222.4 Pressure gauge. Pitot tube and in bration solutions by serially diluting the clined manometer, or equivalent, to measure stock solution (3.4.1) with 03N hydrochlo stack pressure to within 0.1 In Eg. ric acid. Prepare solutions at concentrations 2.2.5 Moisture determination. Wet and in the Unear working range tor the Instru dry bulb thermometers; drying tubes, coa- ment to be used. Soutions of 021 gg/ml, 0.4 . denser*, or equivalent, to determine stack ag/ml.and 0.8 sg/ml have been found ac gas moisture content to within 1 percent. ceptable for most Instruments. Store all 2 3 Sample recovery--2.3.1 Leakless glass solutions In glass-stoppered, glass bottles. sample bottles. 600 ml and 100 ml with Tedon These .solutions should be stable for at least lined tops. 3 months; however, periodic checks should 2.3.2 Graduated cylinder. 250 ml. be performed to Insure quality. 2.3.8 Plastic far. Approximately 300 ml. 2.4 Analysis--2.4J. Spectrophotometer. To measure absorbance at 253.7 nm. Perkin Elmer Model 303, with a cylindrical gas cell (approximately 1.5 in. OH. x 7 In.) with quarts glass windows, and hollow cathode source, or equivalent. 2.4.3 Gas sampling bubbler. Tudor Scien- tiAc Glass Co., Smog Bubbler, Catalogue No. TP-1150, or equivalent. 2.425. Recorder. To match output of spec trophotometer. 3. Reagents--3.1 Stock reagents--3.1.1 Potassium iodide. Reagent grade. 3.121 Distilled water--3.13 Potassium iodide solution, 25 percent. Dissolve 2SO g 4. Procedure.--4.1 Guidelines for source testing are detailed in the following sections. These guidelines are generally applicable; however, most sample sites differ to some degree and temporary alterations such as stack extensions or expansions often are re quired to ensure the best possible sample site. Further, since mercury Is hazardous, care should be taken to minimize exposure. Finally, since the total quantity of mercury to be collected generally Is small, the test must be carefully conducted to prevent con tamination or loss of sample. 4.2 Selection of a sampling site and mini mum number of traverse points: of potassium Iodide (reagent 3.1.1) In dis 4.2.1 Select a suitable sampling site that tilled water and dilute to l to 1. , is as close as Is practicable to the point of . 3.1.4 Hydrochloric acid. Concentrated. atmoepherio emission. If possible, stacks 3.1.5. Potassium iodate. Reagent grade. smaller than 1 foot In diameter should not 3.1.8 Iodine monochloride (1C!) 1.0Jf. To be sampled. disturbance such as a bend, expansion, or contraction. For a rectangular cross section, determine an equivalent diameter from the following equation; 2LW where: D,~ Equivalent diameter. =Length. W=Width. 101-1 4.2.3 When the above sampling site cri teria can be met, the minimum number of traverse points is four (4) for stacks 1 foot In diameter or less, eight (8) for stacks larger than 1 foot but 2 feet In diameter or less, and twelve (12) for stacks larger than. 2 feet. 4.2.4 Some sampling situations may ren der the above sampling site criteria Imprac tical. When this is the case, choose a con venient sampling location and use Agure 101-3 to determine the minimum number of traverse points. However, use Agure 101-3 only for stacks 1 foot In diameter or larger. 425.5 To use Agure 101-3, Arst measure the distance from the chosen sampling loca tion to the nearest upstream and downstream disturbances. Divide this distance by the diameter or equivalent diameter to deter mine the distance in terms of pipe diameters. Determine the corresponding number of traverse points for each distance from fig ure 101-3. Select the higher of the two num bers of traverse points, or a greater value, such that for circular stacks the number Is a multiple of four, and for rectangular stacks the number follows the criteria of section 43.2. 42.8 If a selected sampling point Is closer than 1 Inch from the stack wall, adjust the location of that point to ensure that the sample la taken at least 1 Inch away from the wall. 42 Cross sectional layout and location of traverse points: . 4.3.1 For circular stacks locate the trav erse points on at least two diameters accord ing to Agure 101-4 and table 101-1. The traverse axes shall divide the stack cross section Into equal parts. 800 ml. of 25% potassium Iodide solution (reagent 3.1.3), add 800 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Cool to room temperature. With vigorous stirring, slowly add 13S g. of potassium lodate and continue stirring until 0.5 NUMBER OF DUCT DIAMETERS UPSTREAM (DISTANCE A) 1.0 t.S 2.0 2.5 all free iodine has dissolved to give a .clear orange-red solution. Coed to room tempera ture and dilute to 1800 ml. with distilled water. The solution should be kept In amber bottles to prevent degradation. 8.1.7 Sodium hydroxide pellets. Reagent grade. 3~ .1A Hitrtc acid. Concentrated. 3.121 Eydroxylamine sulfate. Reagent grade. 3.1.10 Sodium chloride. Reagent grade. 3.1.11 Mercuric chloride. Reagent grade. 321 Sampling--3.2.1 Absorbing solution, 0J.lt ICl. Dilute 100 mL of the 1.0M ICI stock solution (reagent 3.1.5) to 1 to 1 with distilled water. The solution Should be kept in glass bottles to prevent degradation. This reagent should be stable for at least 2 months; however, periodic checks should be performed to Insure quality. 325.2 Wash acid. l:l V/V nitric acid-- water. - 3.225 Distilled, deionized water. 3,2.4 Silica gel. Indicating type, 8 to 18. mesh dried at 350* F. for 2 hours. 32.5 rater (optional). Glass ftber. Mine 3afetjr Appliances 1108BH, or equivalent; A Alter may be necessary In cases where the gas stream to be sampled contains large (DISTANCES) quantities of particulate matter. Figure 102-3. Minimum of traverse points. ,6FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 64--FRIDAY, APRIL 1973:. RULES AND REGULATIONS Table 101-1. Location of traverse points in circular stacks (Percent of stack diameter from inside wall to traverse point) Traverse point number Number of traverse points on a diameter on a diameter 2 4 6 8 TO 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 1 14.6 6.7 4.4 3.3 2.5 2.1 ..1.8 1.6 1,4 1.3 1.1 1.1 2 85.4 25.0 14.7 10.5 .8.2 6.7 5.7 `4..9 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.2 3 75.0 29.5 19.4 14.6 11.8 9.9 8.5 7.5 6.7 6.0 5.5 4 93.3 70.5 32.3 22.6 17.7 14.6 12.5 10.9 9.7 8.7 7.9 5 85.3 67,7 34.2 25.0 20.1 16.9 14.6 12.9 11.6 10.5 6 95.6 80.6 65.8 35.5 26.9 22.0 18.8 16.5 14.6 13.2 7 89.5 77.4 64.5 36.6 28.3 23.6 20.4 18.0 16.1 8 96.7 85.4 75.0 63.4 37.5 29.6 25.0 21.8 19.4 9 91.8 82.3 73.1 62.5 38.2 30.6 26.1 23.0 10 97.5 88.2 79.9 71.7 61.8 38.8 31.5 27.2 11 93.3 85.4 78.0 70.4 61.2 39.3 32.3 12 97.9 90.1 83.1 76.4 69.4 60.7 39.8 13 94.3 87.5 81.2 75.0 68.5 60.2 14 98.2 91.5 85.4 79.6 73.9 67.7* 15 95.1 89.1 83.5 78.2 72.8 16 98.4 92.5 87.1 82.0 77.0 17 95.6 90.3 85.4 80.6 18 98.6 93.3 88.4 83.9 19 96.1 91.3. 86.8 20 98,7 94.0 89.5 21 96.5 92.1 22 98.9 94.5 23 96.8 24 98.9 Flgin 101-4. Crow Mellon of etrculir tUek ihovtnf location of invvu points on ppondlciilvdlwtora. - Flgura 101-5. Craw isctlon of rteUnmrUr sunk divldotl Ir.tO t2tal vmi, Mlth Imran. points st centroid of stcd (mu 4.3.2 For rectangular stacks divide the cross section into as many equal rectangular areas as traverse points, sued that the ratio of the length to the width of the elemental areas is between one and two. Locate the traverse points at the centroid of each equal area according to figure 101-6. 4.4 Measurement of stack conditions: 4.4.1 Set up the apparatus as shown in figure 101-2. Make sure all connections are tight and leak-free. Measure the velocity head and temperature at the traverse points specified by section 4.2 and 4.3. 4.411 Measure the static pressure in the stack. ' 4.4.8 Determine the stack gas moisture. 4.4.4 Determine the stack gas molecular weight from the measured moisture content and knowledge of the expected gas stream composition. A. standard Orsat analyzer has been found valuable at combustion sources. In all cases, sound engineering judgment should be used. 8837 FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 8838 RULES AND REGULATIONS 4.5 Preparation of sampling train: 4.5.1 Prior to assembly, clean all glassware (probe, lmptngers, and connectors) by rinsing with wasp, acid, tap water, O.lii IC1, tap water, and finally distilled water. Place 100 ml of 0.1M 101 In each of the first three Impingers, and place approximately 200 g of preweighed silica gel In the fourth lmplnger. Have SO ml of the 0.1M IC1 as a blank In the sample analysis. Set up the train and the probe as In figure 101-1. 4.5.2 If the gas stream to Pe sampled Is excessively dirty or moist, the first lmplnger may clog or become dilute too rapidly for sufficient testing. A filter can be placed ahead of the Impingers to collect the particulates. An Initial empty lmplnger may also be used to remove excess moisture. If a fifth lmplnger la required, the final lmplnger may have to be carefully taped to the outside of the sample box. 4.52 Leak check the sampling train at the sampling site. The leakage rate should not be In excess of 1 percent of the desired sam pling rate. If condensation In the probe or filter la a problem, probe and filter heaters will be required. Adjust the heaters to pro vide a temperature of at least 250* P. Place crushed ice tuouna the impingers. Add more ice during the test to keep the temperature of the gases leaving the last lmplnger at 70* F or less. . 4.6 Mercury train operation t 4.6.1 For each run, record the data re quired on the example sheet shown In figure 101-8. Take readings at each sampling point at least every 5 minutes and when signifi cant changes In stack conditions necessitate additional adjustments in flow rate. 4 6.3 Sample at a rate of 0.5 to 1.0 cfm. Samples shall be taken over such a period or periods as are necessary to accurately determine the maximum emissions which would occur in a 24-hour period. In the case of cyclic operations, sufficient tests shall be made so as to allow accurate determination or calculation of the emissions which will occur over the duration of the cycle. A mini mum sample time of 2 hours Is recommended. In some instances, high mercury concentra tions can prevent sampling In one run for the desired minimum time. This Is Indicated by reddening In the first lmplnger as free Iodine Is liberated. In this case, a run may be divided Into two or more subruns to en sure that the absorbing solutions are not depleted. CFfAATM_ MTS--- MeUROKNOt. ikies act NO._ AMCNT TUrEMTUV^ WJOKTKC fSUIUIK.. ASSUMED MC4$TU*f.%_ MATES SOX SEmNa_ FUCNE LENGTH. MQZ2LE DUMET9L hb _ NK HEATER SETTS**.. CMfiTTK swum TIME (LMb 9CHBMTW Of STAC* CS0CS SECTION STATIC RACX mocm ncssuic nuroMUK HEAD r*. i* Ha (T*).*F UM. NUUK DNWJOOJA1 ACA0SS OUflCE METEX (AN' to. Hjp OMUWU VOLUME rvw.fr GAS StUK E TTWPfXATlftt AT 0r GAS METIS INLET OUTLET CT-^-F wpiMon rtUTOATUC. TENKJMTUNL *F y i, 1! TOTAL AVEJtAOC Aw* Av*. Av. Figure ioi-* Held data 4.8.3 To begin sampling, position the uated cylinder must he precleaned as In sec noezle at the first traverse point with the tip tion 4.5.1). This operation should be per pointing directly Into the gas stream. Im formed In an area free of possible mercury mediately start the pump and adjust the contamination. Industrial laboratories and flow to isokinetic conditions. Sample for at ambient air around mercury-using facilities least 5 minutes at each traverse point; samp are not normally free of mercury contamina ling time must be the same for each point. tion. When the sampling train is moved, care Maintain Isokinetic sampling throughout the must be exercised to prevent breakage and sampling period. Nomographs which aid In contamination. the rapid adjustment of the sampling rate 4.72 Disconnect the probe from the lm without other computations are In APTD- plnger train. Place the contents (measured to 0576 and are available from commercial sup 1 ml) of the first three impingers into a pliers. Note the standard nomographs are 500 mi sample bottle. Rinse the probe and all applicable only for type S pitot tubes and glassware between It and the back half of air or a stack gas with an equivalent density. the third lmplnger with two 50 ml portions Contact EPA or the sampling train supplier of 0.1 M IC1 solution. Add these rinse to the for instructions when the standard nomo first sample bottle. For a blank, place 80 mi graph is not applicable. - of the 0.1M IC1 in a 100 ml sample bottle. If 4.6.4 Turn off the pump at the conclusion used, place the filter along with 100 ml of of each run and record the final readings. 0.1M IC1 in another 100 ml sample bottle. Immediately remove the probe and nozzle Retain a filter blank. Place the silica gel In Irom the stack and handle In accordance the plastic jar. Seal and secure all containers with the sample recovery process described for shipment. If an additional test Is desired, In section 4,7. the glassware can be carefully double rinsed 4.7 Sample recovery: with distilled water and reassembled. How 4.7.1 (All glass storage bottles and the grad- ever, If the glassware Is to be out of use more than. 2 days, the Initial acid wash procedure must be followed. 1.3 Analysis: 4.8.1 Apparatus preparation.--Clean all glassware according to the procedure of sec tion 4.5.1. Adjust the Instrument settings ac cording to the Instrument manual, using an absorption wavelength of 253.7 tun, 4.8.2 Analysis preparation.--Adjust the air delivery pressure and the needle valve to obtain a constant airflow of about 1.3 to/ 1/min. The analysis tube should be bypassed except during aeration. Purge the equipment for 2 minutes. Prepare a sample of mercury standard solution (3.4.2) according to section 4.8.3. Place the analysis tube In the line, and aerate until a mlximum peak height is reached on the recorder. Remove the analysis tube, flush the lines, and rinse the analysis tube with distilled water. Repeat with an other sample of the same standard solution. This purge and analysis cycle Is to be re peated until peak heights are reproducible. 4.82 Sample preparation.--Just prior to analysts, transfer a sample aliquot of up to 60 ml to the cleaned 100 ml analysis tube. Adjust the volume to 50 ml with 0.1M 1C1 If required. Add 5 ml of 10 N sodium hy droxide, cap tube with a clean glass stopper and shake vigorously. Prolonged, Vigorous shaking at this point is necessary to obtain an accurate analysis. Add 5 ml of the re ducing agent (reagent 32.2), cap tube with a clean glass stopper and shake vigorously and Immediately in sample line. 42.4 Mercury determination.--After the system has been stabilized, prepare samples from the sample bottle according to section 4.8.3. Aerate the sample until a maximum peak height Is reached on the recorder. The mercury content Is determined by compar ing the peak heights of the samples to the peak heights of the calibration solutions. If collected samples are out of the linear range, the samples should be diluted. Prepare a blank from the 100 ml bottle according to section 422 and analyze to determine the reagent blank mercury level. 5. Calibration.--5.1 Sampling train.-- 5.1.1 Use standard methods and equipment as detailed In APTD-0576 to calibrate the rate meter, pitot tube, dry gas meter, and probe heater (If used). Recalibrate prior to each test series. 52 Analysis.--5.2.1 Prepare a calibra tion curve for the spectrophotometer using the standard mercury solutions. Plot the peak heights read on the recorder versus the concentrations of mercury In the standard solutions. Standards should be Interspersed with the samples since the calibration can change slightly with time. A new calibration curve should be prepared, for each new set of samples run. 6. Calculations.--6.1 Average dry gas meter temperature, stack temperature, stack pressure and average orifice pressure drop. See data Sheet (fig. 101-8). 6.2 Dry gas volume.--Correct the sample volume measured by the dry gas meter to stack conditions by using equation 101-2. p. eq. 101-2 IJtMU. P*,*.Volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter ('stack conditions), ft', Vm Volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter (meter conditions), ft'. TV --Average temperature oSstack gas, R. Tm " Average dry gas meter temperature, * R. . Ftr=Barometric pressure at the orifice meter, InHg. AH=Average pressure drop across the ori fice meter, InHjO. 13.6=Specific gravity of mercury. 2*1=3tact pressure, Pbarstatlc pressure, inHg. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 3$, NO, 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 RULES AND REGULATIONS 63 Volume of tooier vapor. Vv.~K. eq. 101-3 hare: TV- Volume of water vapor in the gas sample (.stack conditions) rft*. . ~~ ' ' ~ &V-0.00267 --mi.-- I. when these units are used, Vi-Total volume of liquid collected in lmplngers nd silica gel (sec figure 101-7), ml. ' T.-Average stack gas temperature, *B. tack'pressure, d= static pressure, in. Hg. <5.4 Total ess volume. Vwi-V.,+Vr. eq.101-1 Where: r.i-Tal volume oi gas sample (stack conditions), lt. ' V,"Volume of gas through gas meter (stack condi tions), ft'. Vr.*Volume of water vapor In gas sample (stack conditions), ft'. VOLUME Of LIQUID HATER COLLECTED1 { j WINGER VOLUME, ' el HUCAQEL EIGHT, i | f f TJNAL UlUfM. LIQUID COLLECTED TOTAL VOLUME COLLECTED I <t*| ml j towvtsrsBowof WATCTTOvouwEsr dividing tots) weight INCREASE IT DENSITY Of WATER. II i/ml): ' f^X-V0U*WAtBtl PLANT DATE _ RUN NO.________________________________ STACK DIAMETER. In. - BAROMETRIC PRESSURE. In. Hg: STATIC PRESSURE IN STACK (Pfl}, In. Hg. OPERATORS____________________________________ Traverse point number Velocity head. In. H20 Figure 101*7* Analytical data. 6.S Stack gas velocity. Use equation 101-6 to calculate the stack gaa velocity. 6839 --------------- ------------ --- SCHEMATIC OF STACK CROSS SECTION Stack Temperature IV'#F where: (r.).nn,--Avergf stack gas velocity, feet per seecoond. ' .. ft. / lb.-ln.Hg ' soc.\lb.mole-l'R-in.HsO / ' hen these units are used. C,--Pitot tube ooefilcient, dimensionless. IT.),,..--Average stack gas temperature, B. (V^Af/).,,.-Average square root of the velocity head of stack gas (in. HjO)'/> (see fig. 101-6). P.--Stack pressure, Pbustatlcpressure, in. Hg. Ah-Molecular weight of stack gas (wet basis), the summation of the products ol the molecular weight of each component multiplied by its volumetric proportion in the nurture, lb.,lb. mole. Figure 101-8 shows a sample recording sheet for velocity traverse data. Use the averages, in the last two columns of figme 101-8 to determine the average stack gas velocity from equation. 101-6. 6 6 Mercury collected. Calculate the total weight of mercury collected by using equa tion 101-6. Wi = ViCt-V*C ( + VrCr)_-eq. 101-6 where: Wt=total weight of mercury collected, gg. AVERAGE: Figure 101-8. Velocity traverse data. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 gm IULES AND REGULATIONS Pi=Total volume of condensed moisture and IC1 In sample bottle, ml. h=Ooncentr*tloa of mercury measured In sample bottle, sg/ml. ' F--Total volume of 1CI need in sampling (lmplnger contents and all wash amounts), ml. Ct = Blank concentration of mercury in IC1 solution, iig/ml. Vr--Total volume of IC1 used In filter bottle (If used), ml. C7=Concentration of mercury In filter bottle (If used), /ig/mL 6.7 Total mercury emission. Calculate the total amount of mercury emitted from each stack per day by equation 101-7. This equa tion Is applicable for continuous operations. For cyclic operations, use only the time per day each stack is in operation. The total mercury emissions from a source will be the summation of results from all stacks. n A, 86,400 aeconds/day Thw 10* ng/g. eq. 101-T where: Kate of emission, g/day. Wi--Total weight of mercury collected, tot- volume of gas sample iSiock conditions). It*. 1 Average stack gax velocity, feet per second. Stack area, ft*. pling Measurements, Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, St. Louis, Mo, June 14-19, 1970. 11. Smith, W. S, et al,, Stack Gas Sampling Improved and Simplified with New Equip ment, APCA paper No. 67-119,1967. 12. Smith, W. S, R. T. Shigehara, and W. F. Todd, A Method of Interpreting Stack Sampling Data, Paper presented at the 63d Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, St. Louis, Mo, June 14-19, 1970. 13. Specifications for Incinerator Testing at Federal Faculties PHS, NCAPC, 1967. 14. Standard Method for Sampling Stacks for Particulate Matter, In: 1971 Book of ASTM Standards, part 23, Philadelphia, 1971, ASTM Designation D-2928-71. 15. Vennard, J. K,, Elementary Fluid Me chanics, John WUey and Sons, Inc, New York, 1947. KtrEOD tea. ZIFEBENCE METHOD TOO. DZTEZ- MIprATIDN or PAETICULATZ OHS OSSEOUS UXXermr emissions note sxationaey soueczs (KTDBOCZN STREAMS) t. Principle and applicability--Id Princi- pie.--Particulate and gaseous mercury emis sions are isokinetlcally sampled from the source and collected in acidic iodine mono chloride solution. The mercury collected (in the mercuric form) is reduced to elemental mercury in basic solution by hydroxylamine sulfate. Mercury is aerated from the solution and analyzed using spectrophotometry. 13 Applicability.--This method is appli cable for the determination of particulate and gaseous mercury emissions when the carrier gas stream is principally hydrogen. The method is for use in ducts or stacks at stationary sources. Unless otherwise specified, this method is not intended to apply to gas streams other than those emitted directly to the atmosphere without further processing. 2. Apparatus--2.1 Sampling train.--A sche matic at the sampling train used by EPA is shown in figure 102-1. Commercial models of this train are available, although complete construction details sre described In APTD0681,* and operating and maintenance pro cedures are described in APTD-0576. The components essential to this sampling train are the following! ACID TRAP 8.8 Isokinetic variation (comparison of velocity of gas in probe tip to stack velocity). ' .. lOQFgaj A.(.W eq. 101-8 Where: . ITM Percent of isokinetic sampling. Ttabi--Total volume of gas sample (stack conditions), ft*. A,-- Probe tip area. It*. -Sampling time, sec. (a),,*.--Average stock gas velocity, feet per second. 7. Evaluation of results--7.1 Determina tion of compliance.--7.1.1 Bach performance tost shall consist of three repetitions of the applicable test method. For the purpose of determining compliance with an applicable national emission standard, the average of results of all repetitions shall apply. Til Acceptable isokinetic results.--7.2.1 The following range sets the limit on accept able Isokinetic sampling results: _ If 90%-<slsSll0%, the results,are accept able; otherwise, reject the test and repeat. ' 3. References.--1. Addendum to Speciflca. Uons for Incinerator Testing at Federal PUMP Facilities, PH8, NCAJPC, Dec. 8,1967. 2. Determining Dust Concentration in a Figure 102-1. Mercury sampling train Otut Stream, ASMS Performance Test Code Hoi 27, New York, N.T., 1957. 3. Devorkln, Howard, et al,, Air Pollution Source Testing Manual, Air Pollution Con trol District, Los Angeles, Calif., Nov. 1983. 4. Hatch, W. B. and W. L. Ott, "Determina tion of Sub-Microgram Quantities of Mercury by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry," Anal. Chem., 40:2085-87,1968. 5. Mark, L. S., Mechanical Engineers' Hand 3.1.1 Nozzle. Stainless steel or glass with sharp, tapered leading edge. 2.1.2 Probe. Sheathed Pyrex* glass. 2.13 Pitot tube. Type 8 (figure 102-2), or equivalent, with a coefficient within 5 per cent over the working range, attached to probe to monitor stack gas velocity. " 2.1.4 Imptngers. Four Greenburg-Smlth implngers connected in series with glass bill- less pump, thermometers capable of measur ing temperature to within 5*F, dry gas meter with 2 percent accuracy, and related equip ment, described in AFTD-0581, to maintain an isokinetic sampling rate and to determine sample volume. 2.1.7 Barometer. To measure atmospheric pressure to 0.1 in hg. book. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc, New York, N.Y., 1951- '. 6. Martin, Robert M., Construction Details of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment, Environmental Protection Agency, APTD- 0581. joint fittings. The first, third, and fourth implngers may be modified by replacing the tip with one-half Inch ID glass tube extend ing to one-half Inch from the bottom of the flask. . 2.1.5 Acid trap. Mine safety appliances air 7. Methods for Determination of Velocity, line filter, catalogue No. 81857, with acid ab Volume, Dust and Mist Content of Oases, sorbing cartridge and suitable connections, or Western Precipitation Division of Joy Mfg. equivalent. Co, Los Angeles, Calif. Bui. WF-SO, 1968. 2.1.6 Metering system. Vacuum gage.leak- 8. Perry, 3. H, Chemical Engineers' Hand book, McGraw-Hill Book Co, Inc, New York, 1These documents are available for a nomi N.Y, I960. nal cost from the National Technical In 9. Rom, Jerome J, Maintenance, Calibra formation Service, UN. Department of Com tion, and Operation of Isokinetic Source Sam merce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va. pling Equipment, Environmental Protection 32151. Agency, APTD-0576. "Mention of trade names or commercial 10. Shigehara, R, T, W. F. Todd, and W. S. products does not constitute endorsement Smith, Significance of Errors in Stack Sam by the Environmental Protection Agency. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 33, JIG.- 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8841 22 Measurement of stack conditions 33.4 Hydrochloric acid, 02N. Dilute 26.6 422 The sampling site should be at least (stack pressure, temperature, moisture, and velocity)--2.2.1 Pitot tube. Type S, or equivalent, with a coefficient within 6 per cent over theworklng range. 2.2.2 Differential pressure gage. Inclined manometer, or equivalent, to measure veloc ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid to 1 I with distilled water. 3.4 Standard mercury solutions--3.4.1 Stock solution. Add 0.1354 g of mercuric chloride to 80 ml of 03N hydrochloric acid. After the mercuric chloride has dissolved, eight stack or duct diameters downstream and two diameters upstream from any flow disturbance such as a bend, expansion or contraction. For rectangular cross section, determine an equivalent diameter from the following equation; ity head to within 10 percent of the mini mum value. Micromanometer* should be used if warranted. 223 Temperature gage. An; tempera ture-measuring device to measure stack tem perature to within 1* F. add 03N hydrochloric acid and adjust the volume to 100 ml. One ml of this solution is equivalent to 1 mg of free mercury. ' 3.42 Standard solutions. Prepare cali bration solutions by serially diluting the stock solution (8.4.1) with 03N hydrochloric D.~ 2 LW L+W where: F.=equivalent diameter. =length. eq. 102-1 22.4 Pressure gage. Pitot tube and In arid. Prepare solutions at concentrations in W=width. clined manometer, or equivalent, to measure stack pressure to within 0.1 in hg. 22.6 Moisture determination. Drying tubes, condensers, or equivalent, to deter mine stack gas moisture content in hydrogen to within 1 percent, 23 Sample recovery--23.1 Leakless glass sample bottles. 600 ml and 200 ml with Tef lon-lined tops. 232 Graduated cylinder. 260 ml. 233 Plastic far. Approximately 300 ml. 2.4 Analysis--2.4.1 Spectrophotometer. To measure absorbance at 253.7 nm. Perkin Elmer model 803, with a cylindrical gas cell the linear working range for the instrument to be used. Solutions of 02 sg/ml, 0.4 pg/ml and 0.6 yd/ml have been found acceptable for most Instruments. Store all solutions in glass-stoppered, glass bottles. These solutions should be stable for at least 2 months; how ever, periodic checks should be performed to insure quality. 4. Procedure. 4.1 Guidelines for source testing are detailed In the following sections. These guidelines are generally applicable; however, most sample Bites differ to some de gree and temporary alterations such as stack extensions or expansions often are required 423 When the above sampling site crite ria can be met, the minimum number of traverse points is four (4) far staoks 1 foot in diameter or less, eight (8) for stacks larger than 1 foot but 2 feet in diameter or less, and twelve (12) for stacks larger than 2 feet. . 4.2.4 Borne sampling situations may ren der the above sampling site criteria imprac tical. When this is the case, choose a con venient sampling location and use figure 102-3 to determine the minimum number of traverse points. However, use figure 102-3 only for stacks 1 foot in diameter or larger. (approximately 1.6 In o.d. x 7 in) with quartz to insure the best possible sample site. Fur 42.5 To use figure 102-3, first measure the glass windows, and hollow cathode source, or ther, since mercury is hazardous, care should distance from the chosen sampling location equivalent. ' be taken to minimize exposure. Fnally, since to the nearest upstream and downstream dis 2.4.2 Gas sampling bubbler. Tudor Scien the total quantity of mercury to be collected turbances. Divide this distance by the di tific Oo. Smog Bubbler, catalogue No. TP- generally is small, the test must be care ameter or equivalent diameter to determine 1150, or equivalent. fully conducted to prevent contamination or the distance in terms of pipe diameters. De 2.43 Recorder. To match output of loss of sample. termine the corresponding number of trav spectrophotometer. 42 Selection of a sampling site and mini 3. Reagents.--3.1 Stock reagents.--3.1.1 mum number of traverse points. Potassium Iodide. Reagent grade. ' 42.1 Select a suitable sampling site that 3.12 Distilled water. is as close as is practicable to the print of 3.13 Potassium-Iodide solution, 25 per atmospheric emission. If possible, stacks cent.--Dissolve 280 g of potassium Iodide ire- smaller than 1 foot In diameter should not erse prints for each distance from figure 102-3. Select the higher of the two numbers of traverse points, or a greater value, such that for circular stacks the number is a mul tiple of four, and for rectangular stacks the agent 3.1.1) in distilled water and dilute to be sampled. number follows the criteria of section 432. Itol. 3.1.4 Hydrochloric acid. Concentrated. NUMBER OF DUCT DIAMETERS UPSTREAM* 3.1.5 Potassium iodate. Reagent grade. (DISTANCE A) 3.1.8 Iodine monochloride (ICl) 1.0M. To 800 ml of 26 percent potassium Iodide solution (reagent 3.13), add 800 ml of con centrated hydrochloric acid. Cool to room temperature. With vigorous stirring, slowly add 135 gt>f potassium iodate and continue stirring until all free iodine has dissolved to give a clear mange-red solution. Cool to room temperature and dilute to 1,800 ml with dis tilled water. The solution should be kept in amber bottles to prevent degradation. 3.1.7 Sodium hydroxide pellets. Reagent grade. 3.1.8 Nitric acid. Concentrated. 3.1.9 Hydroxylamine sulfate. Reagent grade. . 3.1.10 Sodium chloride. Reagent grade. 3.1.11 Mercuric chloride. Reagent grade. 3.2 Sampling. 3.2.1 Absorbing solution, 0JU ICl. Dilute 100 ml of the .1 DM ICl stock solution (reagent 3.1.8) to 1 1 with dlstsllled water. The solution should be kept In glass bottles to prevent degradation. This reagent should be stable for at least 2 months; how ever, periodic checks should be performed to insure quality. 3.2.2 Wash acid. 1:1 V/V nitric acid-water. 3.23 Distilled, deionized water, 32.4 Silica gel. Indicating type, 6 to 16 mesh, dried at 350*F for 2 hours. 33. Analysis--3.3.1 Sodium hydroxide, ION. Dissolve 400 g of sodium hydroxide pel lets in distilled water and dilute to 1 L (DISTANCE B) 332 Reducing agent, 12 percent hydrox ylamine sulfate, 12 percent sodium chloride. To 60 ml of distilled water, add 12 g of hy droxylamine sulfate and 12 g of sodium chlo ride. Dilute to 100 ml. This quantity 1* sufficient for 20 analyses and must be pre Flflure 104-3* Minimum number of traverse points. pared daily. 3.3.3 Aeration gas. Zero grade air. *2.6 If a selected sampling print is closer tion of that print to insure that the sample than 1 inch from stack wall, adjust the Iocs- is taken at least 1 Inch away from the wall. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL, M, NO, 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 8842 RULES AND REGULATIONS i-S Cross-sectional layout and location of traverse points. 4.3.1 For circular stacks locate the tra verse points on at least two diameters ac cording to figure 103--t and table 103-1. The traverse axes shall divide the stack-cross sec tion into equal parts. 4.312 For rectangular stacks divide the cross-section Into as many equal rectangular areas as traverse points, such that the ratio of the length to the width of the elemental areas la between one and two. Locate the traverse points at the centroid of each equal area ac cording to figure 103-8. FUm 105-1. Crou uctlai of circular clack duvfog location of trtycm potnta on porponutcctar OUmotari. 4.4 Measurement of stack conditions. 4.4.1 Set up the apparatus as shown in figure 102-2. Make sure all connections are tight and leak free. Measure the velocity head and temperature at the traverse points speci fied by section 4JJ and 4.3. 4.412 Measure the static pressure in the tack. ' 4.43 Determine the stack gaa moisture. Ftgavie**. Cmaaoctfai of nctanguiaraaKfcilvIM fata It equal, no*, vita time folate at centroid of eock ane. Table 102-1. Location of traverse points In circular stacks (Percent of stack diameter from Inside wall to traverse point) Traverse point number Humber of traverse points on a diameter diameter 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 1 14.6 6.7 4.4` 3.3 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 2 S5.4 25.0 14.7 10.5 8.2 6.7 5.7 4.9 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.2 3 75.0 29.5 19-4 14.6 11.8 9.9 8.5 7.5 6.7 1 6.0 5.5 4 93.3 70.5 32.3 22.6 17.7 14.6 12.5 10.9 9.7 8.7 7.9 5 85.3 67.7 34.2 25.0 20.1 16.9 14.6 12.9 11.6 10.5 6 95.6 80.6 65.8 35.5 26.9 22.0 13.8 16.5 14.6 13.2 7 89.5 77.4 64.5 36.6 28.3 23.6 20.4 18.0 16.1 a 96.7 85.4 75.0 63.4 37.5 29.6 25.0 21.8 19.4 9 91.8 82.3 73.1 62.5 33.2 30.6 26.1 23.0 19 97.5 88.2 79.9 71.7 61.8 -38.8 3i.S 27.2 11 93.3 85.4 78.0 70.4 61.2 39.3 32.3 12' 97.9 90.1 83.1 76.4 69.4 60.7 39.8 13. 94.3 87.5 81.2 75.0 68.5 60.2 14 98.2 91.5 85.4 79.6 73.9 67.7 15 95,1 89.1 83.5 78.2- 72.8 IS 98.4 92.5 87.1 82.0 77.0 17 95.6 90,3 85.4 80.6 IS 98.6 93.3 88.4- 83.9 19 96.1 91.3 86.8 20 98.7 94.0 89.5 21 96.5 92.1 22 9s:9 94.5 23 96.8 24 98.9 4.4.4 Determine the stack gas molecular weight from the measured moisture content and knowledge of the expected gas stream composition. Sound engineering Judgment should he used. 43 Preparation of sampling train. 43d Prior to assembly, clean all glass ware (probe, imptngers, and oonnectors) by rinsing with wash acid, tap water, 0.1U IC1, tap water, and finally distilled water. Place 100 ml of 0.1M IC1 In each of the first three imptngers, and place approximately 200 g. of preweighed silica gel In the fourth lmpinger. Save 80 ml of the 0.1M IC1 as a blank In the sample analysis. Set up the train and the probe as in Figure 102-1. 432 Leak check the sampling train at the sampling site. The leakage rate should not be in excess of 1 percent of the desired sampling rate. Place crushed ice around the imptngers. Add more ice during the run to keep the temperature of the gases leaving the last implnger, at 70* F or leas. 4.8 Mercury train operation. 4.8.1 Safety procedures. It is imperative that the sampler conduct the source test under conditions of utmost safety, since hydrogen and air mixtures are explosive. The sample train essentially Is Ieakle6S, so that attention to safe operation can be concen trated at the Inlet and outlet. Ihe following specific items are reoommended: 4.6.1.1 Operate only the vacuum pump during the test. The other electrical equip ment, eg. heaters, fans and timers, normally are not essential to the success of a hydro gen stream test. . 4.8.13 Seal the sample port to minimize leakage of hydrogen from the stack. 4.8.13 Tent sampled hydrogen at least 10 feet away from the train. This can be accomplished easily by attaching a M-la. l.d. Tjgon tube to the exhaust from the orifice meter. 433 For each run, record the data re quired on the sample sheet shown In figure 103-8. Take readings at each sampling point at least every 6 minutes and when significant changes in stack conditions necessitate ad ditional adjustments in flow rate. . 4,83 Sample at a rate of 03 to 1.0 cfm. Samples shall be taken over such a period or periods as are necessary to accurately determine the mavimnm emissions which would occur In a 24-hour period. In the case of cyclic operations, sufficient tests shall be made so as to allow accurate determination or calculation of the emissions which will occur over the duration of the cycle. A mini mum sample time of 2 hours is recommended. In some Instances, high mercury concentra tions can prevent sampling in one run for the desired minimum time. This is indicated by reddening In the first hpplnger as fres Iodine Is liberated. In this case, a run may be divided Into two or more subruns to Insure that the absorbing solutions are not depleted. FEDESAL UGISTEX, VOL 3, NO, 66--HtIDAV, APU. 6, 1973 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8843 MJUJT LOCATION___ CFMIUOt____ OAlt________ HJN NO______ jjutu cx no, KTUIOSNO.. icibuh,__ c rsms_________ -- ______ tcutMAneof nAgoottnaum TIAVStgHWT HUMS SAI/TUNG TNE W.tfc*. STATIC MSSUK STACK VELoemr TBVBUTUC HEAD <T ffCSSUK UFFOnnAL ACROSS OUFKt DETER UHf, fc-WjO 0ASSJUKE VOLUME fVfc.fc* auunt nlNritwr Asaw) Moen*.*___ WMrmiCTH.-. . mnmrniurm.a. QkiVmiTB*aKtM AT orr GAS UCTTX MAT OUTUT IIMB TEMKMIUK. TEWEMJUK. p f TOTAL AVERAGE Ayr. Arf. An*. Figure 102-8* Held drtl 4,6.4 To begin sampling, position tbs noz gen by dividing by 13. This factor Includes zle at the first traverse point wltb the tip the ratio of the diy molecular weights and a pointing directly Into the gas stream, imme correction for the different orlfloe calibration diately start tbe pump and adjust the flow factor* for hydrogen and air. This procedure to Isokinetic conditions. Sample for at least Is diagrammed below: 6 minutes at each traverse point; sampling time must be the same for each point. Main tain Isokinetic sampling throughout the sam pling period, using tbe following procedures. /MW air\ Observe AF-*Multip!y by \MWHjJ -Set ia this on noino; 4.6.4.1 Nomographs which aid In the rapid adjustment of the sampling rate without other computations are In APTD-0576 and ore available from commercial suppliers. Tbe available nomographs, however, are set up Bead oB AH-+DiTidehy II- WH to be used onmeterbon for use in air streams, and minor changes are required to provide applicability to hydrogen. 4.0.42 Calibrate tbe meter box orifice. Use the techniques as described In APTD-0576. 4.6.4.3 The correction factor nomograph discussed In APTD-0576 and shown on the reverse side of commercial nomographs will not be used. In its place, the correction factor will be calculated using equation 103-3. 4.64.6 Operate the sample train at the calculated AH at each sample point. 4.6.5 Turn off the pump at the conclusion of each run and record the final readings. Immediately remove the probe and nozzle from the stack and handle in accordance with the sample recovery process described In sec tion 4.7. 4.7 Sample recovery. .- 4.7.1 (All glass storage bottles and tbs C=0.01 (C0M.)i &H@ P. Pm Is. M. graduated cylinder must be precleaned as In section 4.5.1). This operation should be per formed in an area free of possible mercury cq. 102-2 where: C = Correction factor. Cr--Pitot tube coefficient. Af.=Mole fraction dry gas. P =Stack pressure, InHg. Pm=Meter pressure, InHg. 7m -- Meter temperature, "B. Mi=Molecular weight of stack gas (from 4.4.4), lb/lb mole. AH = Meter box calibration factor, ob tained in step 4.6.42. 4.6.44 Set the calculated correction factor on the front of the operating nomograph. contamination. Industrial laboratories and ambient air around mercury-using facilities are not normally free of mercury contamina tion. When the sampling train is moved, care must be exercised to prevent breakage and contamination. 4.7.2 Disconnect the probe from the implnger train. Place the contents (measured to 1 ml)-of the first three lmpingera into & 500 ml sample bottle. Rinse the probe and all glassware between it and the back half of the third implnger with two 50 ml por tions of 0.1M IC1 solution. Add these rinses to the first bottle. For a blank, place 80 ml of the 0.1M IC1 In a 100 ml sample bottlp. Select the proper nozzle and set the K-faotor Place the silica gel In the plastic jar. Beal and on the nomograph as detailed In APTD-0576. secure all containers for shipment. If an ad 4.64.5 Bead the velocity head In the stack at each sample point from the manometer In the meter box. Convert the hydrogen AP to an equivalent value for air by multiplying by a ratio of the molecular weight of air to hy ditional test is desired, the glassware can be carefully double rinsed with distilled water and reassembled. However. If the glassware Is to be out of use more than 2 days, the initial acid wash procedure must be followed. drogen at the stack moisture content. Insert this value of AP onto the nomograph and road off AH. Again, convert the AH, which Is an air equivalent value, to the AH for hydro 4.8 Analysis--1.8.1 Apparatus prepara tion.--Clean'all glassware according to the procedure of section 4.6.1. Adjust the Instru ment settings according to the instrument manual, using an absorption wavelength of 368.7 nm. 4.8.2 Analysis preparation.--Adjust the air delivery pressure and the needle yalve to obtain a constant air flow of about 13 1/mln. The analysis tube should be bypassed ex cept during aeration. Purge the equipment for 2 minutes. Prepare a sample of mercury standard solution (3.4.21 according to sec tion 4.8.8. Place tbe analysis tube In the line, and aerate until a maximum peak height Is reached on the recorder. Remove the analy sis tube, flush the lines, and rinse the analysis tube with distilled water. Repeat with another sample of tbe same standard Bolution. This purge and analysis cycle Is to be repeated, until peak heights are repro ducible. 4.8.3 Sample preparation.--Just prior to analysis, transfer a sample aliquot of up to 60 ml to tbe cleaned 100 ml analysis tube. Adjust the volume to 50 ml with D.1M ici If required. Add 5 ml of 10 N sodium hydrox ide, cap tube with a clean glass stopper and shake vigorously. Prolonged, vigorous shak ing at this point Is necessary to obtain an accurate analysis. Add 5 ml of the reducing agent (reagent 322), cap tube with a clean glass stopper and Shake vigorously and im mediately place In sample line. 4.8.4 Mercury determination.--Alter the system has been stabilized, prepare samples from the sample bottle according to section 4.8.3. Aerate the sample until a maximum peak height is reached on the recorder. The mercury content Is determined by comparing the peak helghta of the aamplea to the peak heights of the calibration solutions. If col lected samples are out of the linear range, the samples should be diluted. Prepare a blank from the 100 ml bottle according to section 4.82 and analyze to determine the reagent blank mercury level. 5. Calibration.--^.1 Sampling Train. 5.1.1 Use standard methods and equipment as de tailed in APTD-0576 to calibrate the rate meter, pitot tube and dry gas meter. Recali brate prior to each test series. 62 Analysis.--E2.1 Prepare a calibra tion curve for the spectrophotometer using the standard mercury solutions. Plot the peak heights read on the recorder versus the concentration of mercury in the standard solutions. Standards should be Interspersed with the samples slnoe the calibration can change slightly with time, A new calibration curve should be prepared for each new set of samples run. 6. Calculations--6.1 Average dry gas meter temperature, stack temperature, stack pres sure and average orifice pressure drop.--See data sheet (fig. 103-6). 62 Dry gas volume.--Correct the sample volume measured by the dry gas meter'to stack conditions by using equation 102-3. eq. 102-3 where: r,, - Volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter (stack conditions;, It.* V,, ^Volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter (meter conditions), ft*. T, -- Average temperature of stack gas, R. 2*---Average dry gas meter temperature, R. Ft., = Barometric pressure at the orifice meter, InHg. AH=Average pressure drop across the ori fice meter, InHiO. 13.8 = Speclfic gravity of mercury. P.=Stack pressure, Ptrstatlc pressure, InHg. No. 66--Pt. IX- FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 8844 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8.3 Volume of water vapor. r.t=KmV,,^i eq. 102-4. where; .... Fw^Voiume of water vapor in the gas sample (stack * conditions), ft*. K-0.00267 --ml, --E ,' when these units are used, V,i/*1Total volume of Hqtrid collected in impingers and silica gel (see figure 102-7), mL Average stack gas temperature, *R. Penstock pressure, i-W , static pressure, in. Hg. (5,4 Total gas volume* Vtofi *= Vm, + Vw, eq. 162-5 where; lrttai= total volume of gas sample (stack conditions), ft*. t*,-Volume of'gas through dry gas meter (stack conditions), ftJ. F_ *=Vahun of water vapor in gas sample (stack conditions), ft*. 1 VOLUME Of UQUIO RATE* COLLECTED HfftNGER } 88JCA GEL VOLUME, j WEIGHT, fid | g | . PMAL. 1 j Mma. 1 | ItQUtO COLLECTED \ | TOTAL VOLUME COLLECTED [ | | mi txwwOTWwcf water to volume w dividing total wight wcsMassroeemof water. iiw^O; _ INCREASE. 9 VOLUME WATER, mi PLANT ______________ DATE__________________________________ _ RUN NO.________________________ STACK DIAMETER, in.___________ BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, In. Hq._________ STATIC PRESSURE IN STACK |PgJ, in. Hg._ OPERATORS [ Traverse point number Velocity bead, in. HjO SCHEMATIC Of STACK CROSS SECTION v&7 Stack Temperature iV.F Figwe toe-7* Analytical data. 6,5 Stack gas velocity--Use equation 102-6 to calculate the stack gas velocity. (.W-&V?F(VAP). /<r.)--. PJt. eq 102-6 where: ' (*.) >t*. ~Average stack pis Telocity, feet per second. Ib-toife VA ' s*A n> mol*-B-inH>0 / w"" these unit, are used. C, -Pitot tube coefficient, dimensionless. "Average stack gas temperature, 8B. (VAP) Average square root of the velocity head of stack gas (inHiOPP (see figure 102-8). P, --Stack pressure, i'vu-istatio pressure, In H*. . M, --Molecular vrdght of stack gas (wet basis), the summation of the products of the ..molecular weight of each component multiplied by its volumetric proportion tu the mixture, Ib/lb-mole. Figure 102-8 shows a sample recording sheet for velocity traverse data. Use the averages in the last two columns of figure 102-8 to de termine the average stack gas velocity from equation 102-8. 6.8 Mercury collected. Calculate the total weight of mercury collected by lining eq. 102-7. AVERAGE: Figure 102-8. Velocity traverse data. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8845 Wi=VtCi -- YtCt_____ eq. 102-7 10. Bhigehara, E. T., W. F. Todd, and W. S. 22.3. Temperature gauge.--Any tempera where: W< = Total weight of mercury collected, pg. Vc=Total volume of condensed moisture and Id In sample bottle, mL Ci=Concentration of mercury measured In sample bottle, gg/mL P*=ToiaI volume of ICl used In sampling (lmplnger contents and all wash amounts), ml. 0s=Blank concentration of mercury in IC1 . solution, pg/mL 6.7 Total mercury emission.--Calculate the total amount of mercury emitted from each stock per day by equation 102-6. This equation is applicable for continuous opera tions. For cyclic operations, use only the time per day each stack is in operation. The total Smith, Significance of Errors in Stack Sam pling Measurements, Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, St. Louis, Mo., June 14-19, 1970. 11. Smith, W. S, et aL, Stack Gas Sam pling Improved and Simplified with New Equipment, APCA paper No. 67-119, 1967. 12. Smith, W. S., R. T. Bhigehara, andTV. F. Todd, A Method of Interpreting Stack Sam pling Data, Paper presented at the 63d An nual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, St. Louis, Mo., June 14-19, 1970. 13. Specifications for Incinerator Testing at Federal Facilities PHS, NCAPC, 1967. 14. Standard Method for Sampling Stacks for Particulate Matter, In: 1971 Book of ASTM Standards, part 23, Philadelphia, 1971, ASTM Designation D-2928-71. ture measuring device to measure stack tem perature to within 6 F. 22.4 Pressure gauge.--Any device to measure stack pressure to within 0.1 in. Hg. 22.5 Barometer.--To measure atmos pheric pressure to within 0.1 in. Hg. 22.6 Moisture determination.--Wet and dry bulb thermometers, drying tubes, con densers, or equivalent, to determine stack gas moisture content to within 1 percent. 2.3 Sample recovery.--28.1 Probe clean ing equipment.--probe brush or cleaning rod at least as long as probe, or equivalent. Clean cotton balls, or equivalent, should be used with the rod. 2.32 Leakless glass sample bottles. 2.4 Analysis.--2.4.1 Equipment neces sary to perform an atomic absorption, mercury emissions from a source will be the 16. Venn&rd, J. K., Elementary Fluid Me spectrogrsphic, fluorometric, chromato summation of results from all stacks. chanics, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New graphic, or equivalent analysis. ,, W(fe.).T.4,v,86,400 seconds/day X lQ*Pg/g York, 1947. , METHOD 103. BEHTLLIUM SCttEEHING METHOD 3. Reagents.--3.1 Sample recovery.--3.1.1 Acetone.--Reagent grade. 8.12Wash acid.--1:1 V/V hydrochloric . where: eq, 102--8 IS--Rate of emission, g/day. Wi--Total weight ol mercury collected, ietVtou:-Total volume ofgas sample (stack conditions), fit Average stack gas velocity, feet per second. A,--Stack area, ft*. 1. Principle and applicability.--1.1 Prin ciple.--Beryllium emissions are isokinetlcally sampled from threepoints in a duct or stack. The collected sample Is analyzed for beryl lium using an appropriate technique. 12 Applicability.--This procedure details guidelines and requirements for methods acceptable for use in determining beryllium emissions in ducts or stacks at stationary acid-water. 1 32 Analysis.--S.2.1 Reagents as neces sary for the selected analytical procedure. 4. Procedure.--4.1 Guidelines for source testing are detailed In the following sections. These guidelines are generally applicable; however, most sample sites differ to some de gree and temporary alterations such as stack extensions or expansions often are required 6.8 Isokinetic variation <comparison of velocity of gas in probe tip to stack velocity). sources, as specified under the provisions, of { 61.14 of the regulations. - 2. Apparatus--2.1 Sampling train.--A to insure the best possible sample site. Fur ther, since beryllium is hazardous, care should be taken to minimize exposure. T lOOFtoui A.(.)., eq. 102-9 where: J-Percent of Isokinetic sampling. Ftot.1*-Total volume ofgas sample (stack conditions), ft*. A.-Probe tip area, ft*. Sampling time, sec. (r)Yi,=Average stack gas velocity, feet per second. 7. Evaluation of results.--1.1 Determina tion of compliance.--7.1.1 Each performance test shall consist of three repitltions of the applicable test method. For the purpose of determining compliance with an applicable national emission standard, the average of results of all repetitions shall apply. 7.2 Acceptable isokinetic results.--7.2.1 The following range sets the limit on ac ceptable isokinetic sampling results: It 90%-e;l-ll0%, the results are acceptable: otherwise, reject the test and repeat. schematic of the required sampling train configuration Is shown in figure 103-1. The essential components of the train are the following: 2.1.1 Nozzle.... Stainless steel, or equiva lent, with sharp, tapered leading edge. 2.12 Probe.--Sheathed Pyres1 glass. 2.1.3 Filter.--Mfillpore AA, or equivalent, with appropriate filter holder that provides a positive seal against leakage from outside or around the filter. It is suggested that a Whatman 41, or equivalent, be placed imme diately against the back side of the Mlllipore filter as a guard against breakage of the Mlllipore. Include the Whatman 41 in the analysis. Equivalent filters must be at least 99.95 percent efficient (DOP Test) and amenable to the analytical procedure. Finally, since the total quantity of beryllium to be collected is quite small, the test must be carefully conducted to prevent contami nation or loss of sample. 42 Selection of a sampling site and num ber of runs.--42.1 Select a suitable sam pling site that is as close as practicable to the point of atmospheric emission. If possible, stacks smaller than 1 foot in diameter should not be sampled. 422 The sampling site should be at least eight stack or duct diameters downstream and two diameters upstream from any flow disturbance such as a bend, expansion or contraction. For rectangular cross-section, determine an equivalent diameter using the following equation: 2LW ------------------------- --- eql03"1 8, References.--1. Addendum to Specifi cations for Incinerator Testing at Federal Facilities, PHS, NCAPC, Dec. 6, 1967. 2. Determining Dust Concentration in a Gas Stream, ASMS Performance Test Code where: ' De=equivalent diameter L=length W=width No. 27, New York, N.Y., 1967. 8. Devorkln, Howard, et al,, Air Pollution Source Testing Manual, Air Pollution Con trol District, Los Angeles, Calif., Nov. 1963. 4,"Hatch, W. R. and W. L. Ott, "Determina tion of Sub-Microgram Quantities of Mer cury by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotom- etry," Anal. Chem., 40 : 2086-87, 1988. 6. Mark. L. 8., Mechanical Engineers' Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y., 1951. 6. Martin, Robert M., Construction Details of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment, Environmental Protection Agency, APTD- 0681. , 7. Methods for Determination of Velocity, Volume, Dust and Mist Content of Gases, Western Precipitation Division of Joy Manu facturing Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Bull. WP-B0, 1968. 8. Perry, J. H,, Chemical Engineers' Hand book, McGraw-Hill Book Co,, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1960. 9. Rom, Jerome J., Maintenance, Calibra tion, and Operation of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment, Environmental Protec tion Agency, APTD-057G. Figm 103-1. Bwyttlum tcrwnlng iMlhod: tmplt Inin ichnnllc. 2.1.4 Meter-pump system.--Any system that will maintain Isokinetic sampling rate, determine sample volume, and is capable of a sampling rate of greater than 0.6 cfm. 22 Measurement of stack conditions (stack pressure, temperature, moisture and velocity).--The following equipment shall be used In the manner specified In section 4.3.1. 22.1 Pitot lube.--Type s, or equivalent, with a coefficient within 5 percent over the working range. 222 Differential -pressure gauge.--In clined manometer, or equivalent, to measure velocity head to within 10 percent of the minimum value. 1 Mention of trade names or specific prod ucts does not constitute endorsement by the Environmental Protection Agency. .422 Borne sampling situations may ren der the above sampling site criteria imprac tical. When this Is the case, an alternate site may be selected but must be no less than two diameters downstream and onehalf diameter upstream from any point of disturbance. Additional sample runs are rec ommended at any sample site not meeting the criteria of section 422. 42.4 Three runs shall constitute a test. The runs shall be conducted at three dif ferent points. The three points shall pro portionately divide the diameter, l.e. be lo cated at 25,60 and 76 percent of the diameter "from the inside wall. For horizontal ducts, the diameter 6hall be In the vertical direc tion. For rectangular ducts, sample on a line through the centroid and parallel to a side. If additional runs are reauired per section 422, proportionately divide the duct to ac commodate the total number of runs. 42 Measurement of stack conditions. 42.1 Measure die stack gas pressure, mois ture, and temperature, using die equipment described in I 22. Determine the molecular weight of the stack gas. Sound engineering estimates may be made in lieu of direct FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66---FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 8846 RULES AND REGULATIONS measurements. The basis for such estimates Shan be given in the test report. 4.4 Preparation of sampling train.-- 4.4.1 Assemble the sampling train as shown ia figure 103-1. It Is recommended that all glassware be precleaned by soaring in wash acid for 2 hours. 4.4.2 Leals: check the sampling train at the ,, Wi(v.)t* A,,, 86,400 seconds/day Yum 10* (ig/g where; R-- Kate ol emission, g/day. 57-Total weight of beryllium collected, st- Vi-*-Total volume of gat sampled, (t*. (V.>rr.-Average stack gat velocity, feet per second. .1,--Stack area, ft1. sample is digested in an acid solution and analyzed by atomic absorption spectropho tometry. 13 Applicability.--This method is appli cable for the determination of beryllium emissions in ducts or stacks at stationary sources. Unless otherwise specified, this method is not Intended to apply to gas sampling site. The leakage rate should not be 7. Test report. 7.1 A test report shall bo In excess of 1 percent of the desired sample, prepared which shall include as a minimum: rate. 7.1.1 A detailed description of the sam 4.5 Beryllium train operation.--4.5.1 For pling train used and results of the proce each run, measure the velocity at the selected dural check with all data and calculations sampling point. Determine the isokinetic - made. sampling rate. Record the velocity head and the required sampling rate. 4.512 Place the noezle at the sampling point with the tip pointing directly into the gas stream. Immediately start the pump and adjust the flow to Isokinetic conditions. At the conclusion of the test, record the sam pling rate. Again measure the velocity head at the sampling point. The required isokinetic 7.1.2 All pertinent data taken during test, the basis for any estimates made, cal culations, and results. 7.13 A description of the test site. In cluding a block diagram with a brief de scription of the process, location of the sam ple points in the cross section, dimensions and distances from any point of disturbance. rate at the end of the period should not have METHOD 10*. XXVXBKNCX METHOD VOS DETEB- deviated more than 20 percent from that MH4ATXOH or BXXTLLrtJU EMISSIONS ntOM streams other than those emitted directly to the atmosphere without further processing. 2. Apparatus--2.1 Sampling train.--A schematic of the sampling train used by EPA is shown in figure 104-1. Commercial models of this train are available, although construction details are described in APTD0581,' and operating and maintenance pro cedures are described in APTD-0576. The components essential to this sampling train are the following: 2.1.1 Nozzle.--3talnless steel or glass with sharp, tapered leading edge. 2.13 Probe.--Sheathed Pyrex* glass. A heating system capable of maintaining a originally calculated. STATXOHkST SOUKCSX minimum gas temperature in the range of 4.5.3 Sample at a minimum rate of 0J& tv/mtn. Samples shall be taken over such a period or periods as are necessary to deter mine the lumuian emi.3oj.un4 v. iiiuii would l. Principle and applicability--1.1 Prin ciple.--Beryllium emissions are lsokinetically sampled from the source, and the collected the stack temperature at the probe outlet during sampling may be used to prevent fonder,nation from occurring, ` occur in a 24-hour period. In the case of cyclic operations, sufficient tests shall be made so as to allow determination or calcu lation of the emissions which would occur over the duration of the cycle. A minimum sampling time of 2 hours Is recommended. 4.5.4 All pertinent data should be in cluded In the test report. 4.8 Sample recovery.--1.8.1 It is recom mended that all glassware be precleaned as In {4.4.1. Sample recovery should also be performed in an area free of possible beryl lium contamination. When the sampling train Is moved, exercise care to prevent breakage and contamination. Set aside a por tion of the acetone used In the sample re covery as a blank for analysis. The total amount of acetone used should be measured for accurate blank correction. Blanks can be eliminated If prior analysis shows negligible amounts. 4.6.2 Remove the filter and any loose par ticulate matter from filter holder and place In a container. 4.8.5 Clean the probe with, acetone and a brush or long rod and cotton balls. Wash Into the container. Wash out the filter holder with acetone and add. to the same container. 4.7 Analysis.--4.7.1 Make the necessary preparation of samples and analyse for beryl lium. Any currently acceptable method such Figure 104-1. Beryl!turn sampling train as atomic absorption, spectrographic, fluorometric, chromatographic, or equivalent may be used. 5. Calibration and standards--5.1 Sam pling train.--5.1.1 As a procedural check, 2.13 Pitot tube.--Type S (figure 104-2), or equivalent, with a coefficient within 5 per cent over the working range, attached to probe to monitor stack gas velocity. to maintain an isokinetic sampling rate and to determine sample volume. 2.1.7 Barometer.--To measure atmos pheric pressure to 03 in Hg. sampling Tate regulation should be compared 2.1.4 Filter holder.--Pyrex glass. The filter 23 Measurement of stack conditions with a dry gas meter, spirometer, rotameter (calibrated for prevailing atmospheric con ditions), or equivalent, attached to nozzle inlet of the complete sampling train. holder must provide a positive seal against leakage from outside or around the filter. A heating system capable of maintaining the filter at a minimum temperature In the range (stack pressure, temperature, moisture and velocity)--23.1 Pitot tube.--Type a, or equivalent, with a coefficient within 5 percent 5.1.2 Data from this test and calculations . of the stack temperature may be used to over the working range. should be shown in test report. prevent condensation from occurring. 2.23 Differential pressure gauge.--In 5.2 Analysis.--53.1 Standardlzation is 2.1.5 Impingers.--Four Greentrarg-Smith clined manometer, or equivalent, to measure made as suggested by the manufacturer of Impir.gers connected in series with glass ball velocity head to within 10 percent ot the the Instrument or the procedures for the anslytical method. joint fittings. The first, third, and fourth Impingers may be modified by replacing the minimum value. 6. Calculations--6.1 Total beryllium emis tip with a ij-inch i.d. glass tube extending sion. Calculate the total amount of beryl to one-half Inch from the bottom of the 1 These documents are available tor a nom lium emitted from each stack per day by equation 103-2. This equation Is applicable for continuous operations. For cyclic opera tions, use only the time per day each stack ia in operation. The total beryllium emis fiask. 2.1.8 Metering system,--'Vacuum gauge, leaklesa pump, thermometers capable of measuring temperature to within 5* F, dry inal coat from the National Technical In formation Service, UR. Department of Com merce, 5285 Fort Royal Road, Springfield, Vs. 22151. ^Mention of trade names on specific prod sions from a source will be the summation gaa meter with 2 percent accuracy, and re ucts does not constitute endorsement by the of results from ail stacks. - lated equipment, described in- APTD-0581,- Environmental Protection Agency.. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8847 however, moat sample sites differ to some degree and temporary alterations such as stack extensions or expansions often are re quired to insure the best possible sample site. Further, since beryllium is hazardous, care should be taken to minimize exposure. Finally, since the total quantity of beryllium to be -collected Is quite smU, the test must be carefully conducted to prevent contami nation or loss of sample. 42 Selection of a sampling site and mini mum number of traverse points. 42.1 Select a suitable sampling site that Is as close as practicable to the point of at mospheric emission. If possible, stacks smaller than 1 foot in diameter should not be sampled. 422 The sampling site should be at least 8 stack or duct diameters downstream and 3 diameters upstream from any flow disturb ance such as a bend, expansion or contrac tion. For a rectangular cross-section, deter mine an equivalent diameter from the following equation: D,=2LW L+W where: D, =equivalent diameter l=length ' IP-width eq. 104-1 -Figure 1M4. Pitot hire mnaMttrMMBblF. 2.2.3 Temperature gage.--Any tempera ture measuring device to measure stack tem perature to within 5* F. 2.2.4 Pressure gage.--Pilot tube and In clined manometer, or equivalent, to measure stack pressure to within 04 In Hg. - 22.6 Moisture determination.--Wet and dry bulb thermometers, drying tubes, con densers, or equivalent, to determine stack gas moisture content to within 1 percent. 2.8 Sample recovery--22.1 Probe clean ing rod.--At least as long as probe. - . 222 Leakless glass sample bottles.--600 ml. ' 2.32 Graduated cylinder.--250 ml. 2.3.4 Plastic jar.--Approximately 300 ml. 2.4 Analysis--2.4.1 Atomic absorption spectrophotometer.--TO measure absorbance at 234.8 cm. Perkin Elmer Model 303, or equivalent, with NsO/aoetylene burner.' 2.42 Hot plate. 2.42 Perchloric acid fume hood. 3. Reagents--3.1 Stock reagents.--3.1,1 Hydrochloric acid.--Concentrated. 3.12 Perchloric acid.--Concentrated, 70 percent. 3.12 Nitric odd.--Concentrated. 3.1.4 Sulfuric acid.--Concentrated. 3.1.5 Distilled and deionized water. 3.1.6 Beryllium powder.--S3 percent mini mum purity. 32 Sampling--32.1 Filler. -- MUllpore AA, or equivalent. It is suggested that a Whatman 41 alter be placed Immediately against the back side of the Milllpore filter as a guard against breaking the MUllpore filter. In the analysis of the filter, the What man 41 filter should be included with the Milllpore filter. 3.2.2 Silica gel.--Indicating type, 6 to 18 mesh, dried at 350* F for 2 hours. 322 Distilled and deionized water. 32 Sample recovery--3.3.1 Distilled and deionized water. 322 Acetone.--Reagent grade. 3.32 Wash acid.--1.1 V/V hydrochloric acid-water. 3.4 Analysis.--3,4.1 Sulfuric acid solu tion, 12 N.--DUute 333 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid to 1 1 with distilled water. 3.4.2 25 percent V/V hydrochloric acidwater. 3.5 Standard beryllium solution--3.5.1 stock solution.--1 gg/ml beryllium. Dis solve 10 mg of beryllium in 80 ml of 12 N sulfuric acid solution and dUute to a volume of 1000 ml with distilled water. Dilute a 10 mi aliquot to 100 ml with 25 percent V/V hydro chloric acid, giving a concentration of 1 sg/ml. This dUute stock solution should be prepared fresh daUy. Equivalent strength (in beryllium) stock solutions may be prepared from berylUum salts as BeCl, and Be(NOj), (08 percent minimum purity). 4, Procedure. 4.1 Ouldellnes for souroe testing are detailed In the foUowlng sections. These guidelines are generaUy applicable; NUMBER OF DUCT DIAMETERS UPSTREAM(DISTANCE A) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Fijure 101-3. Minimum number ol traverse points. Figure 104-4. Cro reaction ot circular Hack ahowIng'locttlM of Havana point! on parpandlcular Oiamtore. ' Figure 104-5. Croaa reaction of rectangular ataek divided Into 12 aqutl sreaa, arltlt Havana polnla at canHoid ol reach arret. 422 When the above sampling site cri teria can be met, the minimum number of traverse points is four (4) for stacks 1 foot In diameter or less, eight (8) for stacks larger than 1 foot but 2 feet In diameter or less, and twelve (12) for stacks larger than 2 feet. 4.2.4 Some sampling situations may ren der the above sampling site criteria Imprac tical. When this Is the case, choose a con venient sampling location and use figure 104-3 to determine the minimum number of traverse points. However, use figure 104--3 only for stacks 1 foot in diameter or larger. 42.6 To use figure 104-3, first measure the distance from the chosen sampling lo cation to the nearest upstream and down stream disturbances. Divide this distance by the diameter or equivalent diameter to deter mine the distance In terms of pipe diameters. Determine the corresponding number of traverse points for each distance from fig ure 104-3. Select the higher of the two num bers of traverse points, or a greater value, such that for circular stacks the number la a multiple of four, and for rectangular stacks the number follows the criteria of section 4.32. 42.8 If a selected sampling point is closer than 1 inch from the stack wall, adjust the location of that point to ensure that the sample is taken at least 1 Inch away from the wall. . 42 Cross-sectional layout and location of traverse points. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 RULES A N D REGULATIONS Tati* 104-1. Location of travers* points In circular stacks (Percent of stick diameter from Insid* wall to traverse point) Traverse point number Humber of traverse points on a diameter diameter 2 4 6 " 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 1 14,6 6.7 4.4 3.3 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.6 1,4 1.3 1.1 1.1 2 85,4 25.0 14-7 10.5 8.2 6.7 5.7 4.,9 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.2 3 75.0 29.5 19.4 14.6 11.8 9.9 8.5 7.5 6.7 6.0 5.5 4 93.3 70.5 32.3 22.6 17.7 14.6 12.5 10.9 9.7 8.7 7.9 $ 85.3 67.7 34.2 25.0 20.1 16.9 14,6 12.9 11.6 10.5 6 95.6 80.6 65.8 35.5' 26,9 22.0 18.8 16.5 14.6 13.2 7 89.5 77.4 64.5 36.6 28.3 23.6 20.4 13.0 16.1 8 96.7 85.4 75.0 63.4 37.5 29.6 25.0 21.8 19.4 S 91.8 82.3 73.1 62.5 38.2 30.6 26.1 23.0 10 97.5 88.2 79.9 71.7 61.8 38.8 31.5 27.2 11 93.3 85.4 78.Q 70,4 61.2 39.3 32.3 12 97.9 90.1 83.1 76.4 69.4 60.7 39.8 13 94.3 87.5 81.2 75.0 68.5 60.2 14 98.2 91.5 85.4 79.6 73.9 67.7* 15 95.1 89.1 83.5 78.2 72.8 16 98.4 92,5 87.1 82.0 77.0 17 95.6 90.3 85.4 80.6 18 98.6 93.3 88.4 83.9 IS 96.1 91.3. 86.8 20 98.7 94.0 89.5 21 96.5 92.1 22 98.9 94.5 23 96.8 24 98.9 4.3 1 For circular stack* locate the tra verse points on at least two diameters accord ing to figure 104-4 and table 104-1. The tra verse axes shall divide the stack cross section into equal parts. 4.3.3 For rectangular stacks divide the cross section into as many equal rectangular areas as traverse points, such that the ratio of the length to the width of the elemental areas Is between 1 and a. Locate the traverse points at the centroid of each equal area according to figure 104-6. 4.4 Measurement cl stack conditions.-- 4.4.1 Set up the apparatus as shown In fig ure 104-2. Make sure all connections are tight and leak free. Measure the velocity head and temperature at the traverse points specified by If 4JI and 4.3. 4.4.3 Measure the static pressure In the stack. 4.4.3 Determine the stack gas moisture. 4.4.4 Determine the stack gas molecular weight from the measured moisture content and knowledge of the expected gas stream composition. A standard Orsat analyzer has been found valuable at combustion sources. In all cases, sound engineering judgment should be used. 4.6 Preparation of sampling train.--4.6.1 Prior to assembly, clean all glassware (probe, jmplngera. and connectors) by soaking In wash acid for 3 hours. Place 100 mil of dis tilled water In each of the first two Impring*r, leave the third Impinger empty, and place approximately 300 g of preweighted silica gel In the fourth Impinger. Save a portion of the distilled water as a blank In the sample analysis. Set up the train and the probe as In figure 104-1. 4.5.2 Leak check the sampling train at the sampling site. The leakage rate should not be In excess of 1 percent of the desired sampling rate. If condensation In the probe or filter Is a problem, probe and filter heaters will be required. Adjust the heaters to provide a temperature at or above the stack tempera ture. However, membrane filters such as the Mllllpore AA ar# limited to about 225* F. If the stack gas Is in excess of about 200* F., consideration should be given to ar, alternate procedure such as moving the filter holder downstream of the first Impinger to Insure that the filter does not exceed Its tempera ture limit. Place crushed Ice around the Im pingeTM. Add more ice during the test to keep the temperature of the gases leaving the last impinger at 70* F. or less. 4 ti Beryllium train operation.--l.e.l For each run, record the data required on the example sheet shown In figure 104-6. Take readings at each sampling point at least every 0 minutes and when significant changes in stack conditions necessitate additional ad. Justments In fiow rate. 4.6.2 Sample at a rate of 0.6 to 1.0 ft.Vmln. Samples shall bo taken over such a period or periods as are necessary to accurately deter mine the maximum emissions which would occur In a 24-hour period, in the case of aycllo operations, sufficient testa shall he made so as to allow accurate determination or calculation of the emissions which will occur ovsr the duration of tbs cycle. A mini mum sample time of 3 hours is recommended. nsw__ locates. omwm. MWUKSIKt. MJU-Hy___ juamrtnswATuw_ M0Sfmcii*mai_ ASW*e>M0!nUK.a_ WATaSUMniM reem-wt*.. __ HOZUOUWTSI.!,_ rest war*icnweu IftAVNCUKNENFSOWT SATMINftEJNQ nSmTATuICM 1?*). I* HR. TEMSMTJAACTKUAE VELOCIT1 UHPEA*}D.. OtMfOAKM(CMMM*ERMUNTFOETtRSSCLUSCtW*. I*. HjO GAV(VSOmLSUAi.MMftEP3LE oasAiaTmORfTuQTAaSmMEATETRvm <TIN,LJE.T*F ITOmUTL'JET.'l TWrtMTUH* ****** ftNKMFLTMK. \ / ---------- 1-------- - TOTAL AVfctaK i - !' i 'i Avfl. A**. A*. Figure 104*6.1 Field d*t* 4.6.3 To begin sampling, position the noz zle at the first traverse point with the tip pointing directly into the gas stream. Imme diately start the pump and adjust the fiow to Isokinetic conditions. Sample for at least 5 minutes at each traverse point; sampling tlms must ho the same for each point. Main tain isokinetic sampling throughout the sam pling period. Nomographs which aid In the rapid adjustment of the sampling rate with out other computations are In AFTD-OS76 and are available from commercial suppliers. Note that standard monographs are applica ble only for type S pitot tubes and air or a stack gas with an equivalent density. Con tact EFA or the sampling tram supplier for Instructions when the standard monograph Is not applicable. 4.6.4 Turn off the pump at the conclusion of each run and record the final readings. Immediately remove the probe and nozzle FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8849 from the .stack and handle In accordance with 5 ml concentrated perchloric acid. Then pro the sample recovery process described in { 4.7. ceed with step 422.4. 4,7 Sample recovery.--4.7.1 (All glass 4.822 Weigh the spent silica gel and re storage bottles and the graduated cylinder port to the nearest gram. must be precleaned as In } 4.5.1.) This opera 4,82.4 Samples from 4,82.1 and. 4222 tion should be performed in an area free of may be combined here for ease of analysis. possible beryllium contamination. When the Replace on a hotplate and evaporate to dry sampling train is moved, care must be exer ness in a perchloric acid hood. Cool and dis cised to prevent breakage and contamination. solve the residue In 10.0 ml of 25 percent 4,7,2 Disconnect the probe from the im- V/V hydrochloric acid. Samples are now pinger train. Remove the filter and any loose ready for the atomic absorption unit. The particulate matter from the filter holder and beryllium concentration of the sample must place in a sample bottle. Place the contents - be within the calibration range of the unit. smeasured to 1 ml) of the first three im- If necessary, further dilution of sample with pingers Into another sample bottle. Rinse the 25 percent V/V hydrochloric acid must be probe and all glassware between it and the performed to bring the sample within the back half of the third implnger with water and acetone, and add this to the latter sam ple bottle. Clean the probe with a brush or a calibration range. 4.8.3 Beryllium determination.--Analyze the samples prepared in 422 at .2342 nm long slender rod and cotton balls. Use acetone using a nitrous oxide/acetylene flame. Alumi while cleaning. Add these to the sample bot num, silicon and other elements can inter tle. Retain a sample of the water and acetone fere with this method if present in large as a blank. The total amount of wash water quantities. Standard methods are available, and acetone used should be measured for ac however, to effectively eliminate these inter curate blank correction. Place the silica gel ferences (see Reference 5). in the plastic Jar. Seal and secure an sample 6. Calibration--5.1 Sampling train.-- containers for shipment. If an additional test 5.1.1 Use standard methods and equipment is desired, the glassware can be carefully dou as detailed In APTD-0576 to calibrate the rate ble rinsed with distilled water and reassem meter, pitot tube, dry gas meter and probe bled. However, if the glassware is to be out of heater (If used). Recalibrate prior to each use more than 2 days, the initial acid wash procedure must be followed. 4.3 Analysis. 4.8.1 Apparatus preparation.-- Clean an glassware according to the procedure of sec tion 4.5.1. Adjust the Instrument settings according to the instrument manual, using an absorption wavelength of 234.8 cm. 4.8.2 Sample preparation.--The digestion of beryllium samples Is accomplished In part in concentrated perchloric acid. Caution'. The analyst must insure that the sample is heated to light brown fumes after the initial nitric acid addition; otherwise, dangerous test series. 52 Analysis.--52,1 Standardization is made with the procedure as suggested by the manufacturer with standard beryllium solu tion. Standard solutions will be prepared from the stock solution by dilution with 25. percent V/V hydrochloric acid. The linearity of working range should be established with a series of standard solutions. If collected samples are out of the linear range, the samples should be diluted. Standards should be interspersed with the samples since the calibration can change slightly with time. perchlorates may result from the subsequent 6. Calculations--6.1 Average dry gas meter perchloric acid digestion. Perchloric acid also temperature, stack temperature, stack pres should be used only under a perchloric arid sure and average orifice pressure drop.---See hood. data sheet (figure 104-6). 4.812.1 Transfer the filter and any loose 62 Dry gas volume.--Correct the sample particulate matter from the sample container volume measured by the dry gas meter to to a 150 ml beaker. Add 35 ml concentrated stack conditions by using equation 104-2. nitric acid. Heat on a hotplate until light brown fumes are evident to destroy all or ganic matter. Cool to room temperature and add 5 ml concentrated sulfuric acid and 5 ml concentrated perchloric acid. Then pro ceed with step .8.2.4. ' 4.8.22 "Place a portion of the water and acetone sample Into a 150 ml beaker and put on a hotplate. Add portions of the remainder as evaporation proceeds and evaporate to dry ness. Cool the residue and add 35 ml concen trated nitric acid. Heat on a hotplate until light brown fumes are evident to destroy any organic matter. Cool to room temperature and add 5 ml concentrated sulfuric acid, and eq. 104-2 where: l-Volume ofgas sample through the dry gas meter tstack conditions), it*. ' V--Volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter (meter conditions), ft*. T."Average temperature of stack gas, "B. T,,"Average dry gas meter temperature, *B. it..--ban,metric pressure at the orifice meter, in Hg. AH--Average pressure drop across the odfiee meter, InHiO. 18.6"Spedfie gravity of mercury. P.--Stack pressure, static pressure. In Hg. 62 Volume of mater vapor.. Wm=KwVt,j? eq.104-3 where; ('..-Volume of water vapor In the g i sample (stack * conditions), ft*. -AT. -6,00767 -mnua'hm, when these units are used, Pi "Total volume of liquid collected in impingers and silica gel (see figure 104-7), mL T,--Average stack gas temperature, "B. P,--Stack pressure, fWistatie pressure, in Hg. 8.4 Total gas volume. F4oi.i=:F,,,+F, eq. 104-4 where: iW-Total volume ol gas sample (stack conditions), it*. ? m,-Volume of gas through dry gas meter tstack conditions), ft*. T" "Volume, of water .vapor in gas sample (stack conditions), it*, 62 Stack gas velocity. Use equation 104-5 to calculate the stack gas velocity. eq. 104-5 where: (*,),."Average stack gas velocity, feet per saoond. ' jr, ftsiaJL ..fee / Vlb IMnHg \M mole-"B4nHiO / when these units are used. C.-PItot tube coefficient, dimensionless." fT).r."Average stack gas temperature, "B. (Vap) AFBTSKC SQUAT root Of th Velocity bead of stack gas (inH*0)W (see figure 104-8), iV-Stack pressure, .Pbwistatic pressure, in Hg. , Molecular weight of stack gas (wet basis), the summation of the products of the molecular weight of each component multiplied by its volumetric proportion in the mixture, lb/lb-mole. VOLUME OF LIQUID WATER COLLECTED FINAL wruv. noun couirim TOTAL VOLUME COLLECTED WRINGER VOLUME, mi StUCAGEL BEK3HT. rl 'CONVERT WEIGHT OF WATBlTO VOLUMES? dlvVdlnO tOttf Wetoht INCREASE I? DENSITY OF WATER. (1 */!): _* JNCKAsr.e _VO__LU__M_E_WATER, m.i Figure 104-7. Analytical data. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, HO. 64--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 8850 MAES AND REGULATIONS PUNT_____________________________________ DATE__________________________________ RUN NO.:' STACK DIAMETER. In. . BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, in. Hg; STATIC PRESSURE IN STACK (P^K In. tig. ____________:----- && Uokinetic variation (comparison of velocity of at tit probe tip to ttack velocity). r lOOVwEt eq. 104-8 vine: I".Percent of Isokinetic sampling. VW,^"Totaivaiunoe ofgas sample {slack conditloos). A,-Probe Up ana, (t*. 0--Sampling time, sec. (a),TM.-Average stack rse velocity, feet per second. OPERATORS;_________________________________ 1 Traverse point number Velocity head, in. ftjO SCHEMATIC Of STACK CROSS SECTION Stack Temperature , - AVERAGE: Figure 104-8. Velocity traverse data. Figure 104-8 shows a sample recording sheet, for velocity traverse data. Use the aver ages In the last two columns of figure 104-8 to determine the average stack gas velocity from equation 104-5. 0.5 Beryllium collected.--Calculate the total weight of beryllium collected by using equation 104-5. where: IV, = VtCt--VmC* - PC__eq. 104-5 , W<=Total weight of beryllium collected. MS- Vi=Total volume of hydrochloric acid from step 4.8.S.4, mL C^Concentration of beryllium found In ' sample, Ml/ml. V. = Total volume of water used In sam pling (lmplnger contents plus all wash amounts). mL C -- Blank concentration of beryllium In water, sg/mL Total volume of acetone used In sam pling (all wash amounts), ml. C.=Blank concentration of beryllium In acetone, sg/ml. 5.7 Total beryllium emissions.--Calculate the total amount of beryllium emitted from each stack per day by equation 104-7. This equation Is applicable for continuous opera tions. For cyclic operations, use only the time per day each stack'Is In operation. Hie total beryllium emissions from a source will be the summation of results from all stacks, ,, FF,fOw.4.w88f400 seconds/day Vue* IV nets * eq. 104-7 when: igotR&ta of emission, jc/day. IF*--Total weight of beryllium collected, Vm*!--Total volume of gaa sample <tacfc condition*)* ft*. ()**. "Average stack gaa velocity, feet per second, vis* Stack area* ft*. T. Evaluation o/ results--7.1 Determina tion of compliance.--7.1.1 Each performance test shall consist of three repetitions of the applicable test method. For the purpose of determining compliance with an applicable national emission standard, the average of results of all repetitions shall apply. 78 Acceptable isokinetic results.--7.2.1 The following range sets the limit on accept able Isokinetic sampling results:. If 90 percent ^I-U0 percent, the results are acceptable; otherwise, reject the test and repeat. 7. References.--l. Addendum to Specifica tions for Incinerator Testing at Federal Facil ities, PHS, NCAFC, December 0.1967. 2. Amos, M. D.t and WU1U, J. B.p "Use of High-Temperature Pre-Mlxed Flames in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.** Spectrochim. Acta, 23: 1325,1900. 3. Determining Dust Concentration In a Gaa Stream. ASME Performance Test Code Ho. 27, Hew York. K.Y, 1957. 4. Devorkin, Howard et aL, Air Pollution Source Testing Manual, Air Pollution Control District. Los Angeles, Calif. November 1B63. 5. Fleet. B., Liberty, K. V., and West, T. S., "A Study of Soma Matrix Effects in the Deter mination of Beryllium by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in the Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Plane,** Talanta, 17: 203,1970. 5. Mark, L. 8., Mechanical Engineers' Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co.. Inc., New York, N.Y, 1951. 7. Martin, Robert M., Construction Details of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment, Environmental Protection Agency, APTD0581. 8. Methods for Determination of Velocity, Volume, Dust and Mist Content of Gases, Western Precipitation Division of Joy Manu facturing Co., Los Angeles. Calif. Bulletin WF-50, 1968. 9. Perkin Elmer Standard Conditions (Rev. March 1971). 10. Perry, J. H, Chemical Engineers* Hand book, McGraw-Hill Book Co, Inc, New York, N.Y., i960. 11. Rem, Jerome J, Maintenance, Calibra tion, and Operation of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment, Environmental Pro tection Agency, AFTD-067S- 12. Shigehara, R. T,, W. F. Todd, and W. S. Smith, Significance of Errors In Stack Sam pling Measurements, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, St. Louis, Mo, Juns 14-19, 1970. 13. Smith, W. S. et al,, Stack Gas Sam pling Improved and Simplified with New Equipment, APCA Paper No. 67--119, 1967. 14. Smith, W. 3, R. T. Shigehara. and W. F. Todd. A Method of Interpreting Stack Sampling Data, Paper presented at the 63d annual meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, St. Louis, Mo, June 14-19, 1970. 15. Specifications for Incinerator Testing at Federal Faculties, PHS, NCAFC, 1907. 18. Standard Method for Sampling Stacks for Particulate Matter, In: 1971 Book of ASTM standards. Part 23, PhUadelphla. 1971, ASTM Designation D-3928-71. 17. Vennard, J. K. Elementary Fluid Me chanics. John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York, 1947. [FR Doc. 73-6423 Filed 4-6-73;8:45 am) FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973