Document OzgzkD5GVY9MxMgk8arxZDXmX

PLAINTIFFS EXHIBIT GP-289 FROM THE ASBESTOS WORKER AUGUST 1971 UMnum t0 Nn Yen INSULATION HYGIENE PROGRESS REPORTS PROM THE INSULATION INDUSTRY HYGIEfJS RESEARCH PROGRAM In*rn J. MNwff. HA, Rruarsm Mractar , vm. a, mu. i m ian Insulation Industry Problems Can Be Solved IIHRP maats with Local 12 on Health and Safety: ((_ to R.) Or. Nicholson, Or. Kay, Mr. Holaday, Or. Haimann, Mr. Haas, Dr. Salikoff. .SPECIAL ISSUE. First Usiicn-IIMyl? Meeting Insulation Industry Hygiene Research Program and by you, tbe union mem bers directly involved. On the platform with me tonight are the members of our occupation.! health and industrial hygiene group. Dr. Harry Heimenn was formerly Chief of the Division of Occupa tional Health of the U. S. Public Health Service. on Health cr.d Safety Health hazards among insululion workmen are now recognised and understood. They are related to du.ty condition! in the industry. Research in the past two year* haa provided much information cn bow tbcae condition! can be controlled or eliminated. Determining these however, is only one aide of the eoin. Correcting the aim*don ia at least at important. To do this, review of the problems and consideration of remedies by all concerned wii] be helpful. Acco.-dir.alv. a aeries of mcctince in varions parts of the country baa been organized by the Internets on >si Association of Iljsat end Froat Intuition and Asbestos Workers at which engineers and scientists of the Ci!?P are meeting asbestos workers and contractors to otioiyse what nn and should be done now to make this important industry safe for the men who work in it. The first i>nch meeting wns held in New York City Julv 8, 1971, with mpniiters of Lncuie lj and 91. Represecta- tivee of ares eontrsetors were also in atlen.iaiice. Because of the broad interest of the questions covered. I- ``ihliahts of tbe diaeuscions are published here. lur. Nick Lucien. President of Local 12, opened the meeting. : | i Nick Lueick: It was good of all of you to come tonight. It was good of the Local 91 raen.ber* to come. 1 aee contractors in the audience. We are nleaaed to welcome them. We know what Ur. Seiicod Mends for. We know thst sinet the Doe?or came into the act, the widow of any boy who patted on was <ole to get some compensation ar.b those of us with crippled lungs could also be taken care of. We know what he has cone in try ing to clean up the trade. We're going to hear something about that tonight. I thank yon all for corair.. Doctor, 1 turn the meeting over to you. "Especially Worthwhile" Dr. lrviruc J. Selikoff: Thank you. Nick. This meerine to review health and safely practices can Le ecpecially worthwhile. We are at the cross roads on the journey to a safe work environment. Hence this re-, iew and discussion cm be most elective in providing guidelines for future aciicn fay the Uranium Mines Hazard Duncan Holaday is our senior in. dustrial hygienist, and was in charge of the Western Field Station of the Public Health Service. He is well known for his important work in de fining the health hazard to uranium miners cn the Colorado Plateau. Dr. Kingsley Kav came to us from the Government of Canada to whom he was Chief Scientific Consultant. Finally, Dr. William Nicholson a physicist who joined the IIHRP two year* ago and has been coordinating most of the activities in the program. Tonight we will be discussing the practical--practical in the sense tlia. we will review what should be done, and what can Le done. There have been serious problems in the in sulation industry, but 1 am eonridert they can be solved. There are several reasons for ray optimism. Reasons for Optimism The first reason comes from a re view of the data in Table I. 1.117 men of Locals 12 and 32 were ex amined and X-rayed. Of the. 346 men who worked less than 10 years in tbe trade, only 107: had any change characteristic of csbestosis on their X-rays, and these changes were smail. Even in the 10-19 year group, few changes were of serious corsrqnence. In other words--what causes ;xig scarrinr takes a tong time and re quires much dust. (Continu'd on second pecej , Insulation Hygiene Progress Report* Wllhl Iran the m ttn Inanition Industry Hygiene Re* march Program Editor i W. J. Nicholson* Ph.Dn Publiahed at the Environmental Sciences Laboratory (Irving J. Selikoff, M.D., Director), Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the Gty Uni versity of New York, New York, N.Y. 10029 Advisory Council of IIHRP Irving J. Selikoflf, M.D. Program Director and Chairman E. Coyler Hammond, Sc.D., Vice President, American Cancer Society, New York, N.Y. Albert Hutchinson, General President, Internationa] Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers, Washington, D.C. Fred L Pundsack, Ph.D. Vice Presi dent, Research and Development, Johns-Manville Corporation, New York, N.Y. George W. Wright, M.D. Director of Medical Research, St. Luke's Hospi tal, Cleveland, 0. PURPOSES OF THE INSULATION INDUSTRY HYG'ENE RESEARCH PROGRAM 1. To develop improved methods for minimizing ex posure of insulation workers to dusts and fumes encoun tered in their work. 2. To disseminate knowledge of these improved methods of dust control wherever they m3y be ap plied advantageously and to offer cooperation, advice and assistance toward their universal adoption. ! j j { Dr. Selikofl with Andy Haas. "We wilt aaa that worfc on haalth and safaty con* Unuss," Mr. Haas said. (Continued from first page) expected of those who had reached Therefore, today's disease it the 20 years of work. In fact, there were result of prsetices of 20, 30, or even 253. In addition, seven men died be 40 years ago. Work conditions then, fore reaching this "time of risk." in terms of dust, were bed. On many More than 50 men died who should jobs they are still had. But. just for not have died. Looking at Table II, that reason, we can look to great we can see the causes of these "excess imorovement. deaths": 45 died of cancer of the There is a second reason for opti lung, trachea, and pleura where only mism. Just as there is much room aix or seven were expected: 12 died for improvement, much has been of asbestosis although none should found that can significantly reduce have died; and three times as many the dust exposure. died of cancer of the G. I. tract as were expected. The Unpleasant Facts Results of continued observation of the 370 men still in the locals cn Jan. However, before we go to the prac 1, 1963 up to 8 days ago, June 30, tical solutions, let's look again at are ahown in Table III. Tney rspre- the problem, the data which point sent a catastrophe. They have changed to the need for urgent correction of the entire course of our research. conditions. The facts are not pleasant. Briefly, the facts are these. No Dust, ,Yo Disease There were 632 men who were It is no longer enough to get ad members of Locals 12 and 32 on ditional health facts. Nor is it of January 1, 1943. Knowing each man's primary importance to determine age in 1943, we could calculate from exactly how asbestos acts on ceils or standard mortality tables how many proteins and enzymes in the body. of the 632 should have died by Dec. In a situation in which one of every 31, 1962. five deaths is due to lung cancer and Tee calculation* were made by our almost three in ten to ssstro-irirscinsl colleague ana co-worker. Dr. E. Cu-'- cancer, mesothelioma or asbestosis, ler Hammond, Chief Statistician and correction of the conditions is far Epidemiologist of the American more urgent, because "no dust, no Cancer Society. disease". From all causes, 203 deaths were' (Continued on third page) Table t Xway Ctiangn In Aibsstai lntvlarn WMfc*n Onset of Exposure (yn ) No. % Normal Abnormal Asbestosb (grade) 1 23 4030-39 :o-:9 10-19 0-9 121 5 8 194 i: 9 77 27.2 379 S5.9 346 85*6 94.2 35 51 28 87.1 102 49 18 72.8 35 17 4 44.1 158 9 0 10.4 36 0 0 1,117 51.5 48.5 366 126 50 5 Ways Cement Dust Can Be Controlled (Continued from second page) Hut i the direction the insuleUon Industry Hygiene Research Pro* grain has taken. 1 would like Dr. Nicholson to list some of the results of that program before we open the floor to a dis cussion of any problems and ques tions you mey want to raise. Dr. Pilliam /. Nicholson: Since most of you will have kept up with the program through our reports in the green sheet in The Asbestos Porter, 1 will only mention the major sources of dust end solutions that have been indentihed to control those sources. How to Control Dust The mixing of cement, either in pails or in troughs, is one of the dustiest operations. It can be con trolled by in-bag mixing in plastic bags. Dust collectors on band saws can do wonders. Collectors can even be attached to powered rotary hand taws or saber saws. The use of a downdraft cutting table can significantly reduce dust when using an ordinary hand saw. Calcium silicate block and pipe covering can be coated with a thin plaetic film to reduce dust during blocking operations. Comfortable, disposable respirators have keen de veloped for use in circumstances where complete dust control is not practical. How To Prevent Spread The use of drop cloths, plastic hags and vacuum cleaners to collect waste will prevent the spread of as bestos throughout the construction s)te. These are solutions that are prac tical. They can be implemented with a minimum of additional expense. If followed, they can reduce tc at least one tenth the dustiest exposures of insulation workers. (There followed demon stratum with slides and photographs of the various practices which lead to dusty conditions, and for which remedies hove been worked out. Many of these hove appeared in the In sulation Hygiene Progress Report*. 1 Dr. deli&off: These things can be done. But I suspect that less than full implementation of these proce dures has taken place. It the Letter Correct? The other day I received a letter from a member of your Local. , It states that many employers pay only lip service to health and safety. Few respirators are available, and they only cheap ones. Cement in plastic hags is never used because of the few pennies extra cost. The letter closes with the comment. "Gclv forceful legislation coupled with stiff fines will help. Tne $ still reigns supreme." Is this correct- If so, what should we do? Bill Fitzgerald: You can get a respirator from most contractors. I weir a respirator. But we don't know which are approved and which aren't. We don't know which are the best to wear. What is the story? Dr. Selikoff: Three years ago every asbestos worker in the country was asked about his personal use of respi rators and their suitability. The re sults showed that only 4fo of the men always wore respirators even when they thought the job was dusty. The Problems Reviewed There were good reasons for this. Available respirrton were uncom fortable, hot. and interfered with breathing or vision. hurts* * Obienrwd DoW Snout S3] Atbtot Workor, hsnol * Asbesies Owi' 10 Yean *r Unger MV4J-KS1I Expected Observed Total death*: all causes Total cancer: all sites Cancer of lu.-tft. irtcsea. pleura Cancer of siot.usch. coion. rectum Cancer all oilier sues combined Asbestos is All other causes 203 3 36.3 6.6. 94 20.3 0 167 233 *5 43 29 21 12 148 TaMe 1 MUrtaJIry aioirkiKO at *31 ainkow al IAKFIAW, Uoato tl aa* 11 Jamary t, 1*41 la Jun* JO, 1*71 Cm at daatt Num Per ber cent Lang cancer Pleural mesothelioma Peritoneal mesothelioma Gastro-intestinal cancer All other cancers Total eaaeer = 1S8 Asbestotis AU other causes S 7 20 40 36 32 203 20.0 14 4.8 9.3 4 7.7 412 423 100.0 la 1968, Mr. Hutchinson and I visited the Public Health Service. We then reviewed these problems with safety equipment manufacturers in a series of meetings. The last meeting with nine manu facturers was held on October 9, 1969, at The Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Disappointed with the then slow progress in preparing new models, the 1IHRP undertook independent development of respirators and filter materials, in cooperation with JohnsManville's Research Laboratory. Following the 1969 meeting, the Bureau of Mines began developing criteria for single-use disposable respirators. These criteria may he published this summer. Standard For Protection Duncan Holiday was appointed chairman of die Z8.3 Committee of the American National Standards In stitute which has written a standard for respiratory protection against as bestos dust. So, while the road to a comfort able, effective respirator has been long, it appears that we are nearly there. And Duncan Hoiaday has been the skillful guide we've followed. Duncan A. Holiday: Tne basic problem with respirators is that any thing worn on the face is, in some degree, uncomfortable. Reusable I `"standard" j respirators, approved by the U.S. Bureau of Mines for protection against asbestos ur.d -r its old schedules, have been available for many years. Individual Fitting The common types all have a half mask face piece and should be indi vidually fitted to insure a proper seal to the face. Because of me mall filter area, they have relatively high (Continued on fourth pc re I I Let's Get Back to Cleaning Up The Workplace BID Fitzgerald uhi: "Which respirators are tha best to wear?" (Continued from third pept) resistance to breathing, which is particularly objectionable to men who may have impaired lung function. They require maintenance (filter change, cleaning, strap replacement, etc.) to injure continued proper functioning. Unfortunately, main tenance programs are very difficult to operate in construction work and, for practical purposes, do not exist. For these reasons, we have been working with respirator manufac turers to develop tingle-use respira tors which can be discarded at the end of the shift. A new approval schedule hat had to he promulgated for these new appliances, since their like has not been tested before by the Bureau's respirator service. At least three manufacturer* are working to produce such respirators and one of these has a device ap proved under the old schedule. New Respirator Schedule Due The other two should be available shortly after the Bureau of Mines publishes its new schedule for dis posable respirators. We have been told that it will appear in July-- but I won't guarantee this date. The cui per day of the single use respirators should not be any more than the cost of operation a maintenance program for re-usable respirators. Frank Brady: You show in the green sheet one that looks like s surgical mask. How much protec tion does that give? Duncan Holaday: Surgical masks cannot be relied on for cood prelec tion. They are nut dtaiened to filler out fine particles and the fare real is highly variable. They are belter than nothin, though. The respirator shown in the green sheet was not a surgical mask, even though it may have looked like one. That particular respirator is made of a high-eificier.cy material which pro vides good protection. Glasses Get Fogged Don't confuse lightneas (for com fort) with fiimtiness. Frank Suraci: What good are any of these mask* to anyone who wean glasses? In five minutes your glasses are all fogged uo. Duncan holaday: With a good face fit, this would not be to much of a problem. Anti-fog dope it available at safely supply houses. I have used this and find it helps to prevent fogging. . Fitting respirators is an important part of a respirator program and should be done by an experienced person. Several to Choose From Several respirators should be avail able for selection, s* no single model face-piece will fit all men. Rudy Fetich: ] bought a mask. It seemed secure on my face. I took it home ard fojnd a spoonful of block in it. George Boylan: What do you mean by a good face fit? How does a man know if he has one? Duncan HotuHay: For reuseble respirators, one can take off the filter cartridge, cover the inhaielioa orifice with the hand and breathe in. If you have a proper fit, you will not get any air. A single-use respirator is harder to lest If the tit is bad, leakage will usually occur around the nose: here, if you blow bard, you can feel warm air at your eves. Having another man make a quick inspection of your respirator will also help. Nick Luach: It all boils down to dm fact that we already have three masks that can do the trick for us, light and comfortable. Let'* get them on the job. Dr. Selikoff: Right, Nick. But re member--although respirators are valuable, they are no substitute for safe work practices. Let's get back to cleaning up the workplace. Nick Buratovich: We blow the effects of the dust We are now at the point of desperation. I will take the responsibility of picking out a mask It is wonderful to know that ire can get over 90% protection. Does Water Affect K-Factor? In the peat we saw a lot of dust and we aid some things to try to control it One of them was to take a block and dump it into a 50-gallon drum filled with water. I was told that this was not to be done because it would affect the k-factor of the block. Is this true? Dr. Nicholson: A very brief wet ting would not affect the k-factor, al though a more extensive soaking could. But there is a better solution to this problem. Frank Suraci: Is there a way to reduce the dust on the block before it goes to the field? ur. Nicholson: Yes, the same re sult that Nick Buratovieh achieved by wetting can be obtained by the use of a plastic or wax coating on the block, applied by the manufac turers. No manufacturer dees this at this time, although Johas-Manville bos developed one process that is suitable. Coating Must be Mandated The problem comm is siting every manufoctOTir to apoly a coat ing. No one caropinv wants to do it alone because of the extra cot of the product. It must he mandated by agreement or ren-lation and in use required by i-hevcs worker*. Art BoyUm: Wt.y net hive state inspectors give citations for dusty conditions? They give citations for (Continued on fij:h I! Frank Brady: "How much protection?" (Continued from foutk page) faulty ladder* or other aafety haz ard*. Why doesn't the ttate come into the picture? Dr. Selikoff: I once asked each nan in Locals 12 and 32 how many time* he himself had seen a dust inspection on the job. The more than 1,100 men asked had had over 4,500,000 work days of experience. Eight dust counts had been seen from 1915 to 1953. Ralph Drinkard of Local 25 re cently asked 75 men in Detroit whether they had seen inspectors take dust counts on the job. Not one bad. 6 Men to Check 120,000 Places The fact is, the states just do not have the manpower to provide effec tive inspection. For example, in New Jersey at this time, there are fix in dustrial hygienists in the Department of Health responsible for the condi tions in 120,000 work: lares. It's not surprising that no inspec tors are seen. We need a specified set of proce dures required oy law or by union agreement. Then you men yourselves must help do the job of policing. The Great White Father in Washing ton, or Albany, or Springfield, or Austin, or Boston haa lots of ctner things to do, ar.d doesn't get to them all. If a job doesn't have safe equip, ment or safe materials, you are put ting yourselves a: ri*. We will all have to work at getting the safe materials, equipment, and procedures required. We've Come a Long Woy I'm ready to join you any time in meeting with federal, state or local officials to e3tibl:-h appropriate reg. ulafions. With the new Occupational Safety and Health Act, this would be good time to do it Tom Viscovich: In the past, ao one knew of approved respirator*. Wo have come a ioog way. Let me move on to another field where respirators probably cannot help---that is adhesives. I've read where kid* sniffing glue have had brain tumors, some kinds of cancer, and kidney damage. What is the ef fect on us of the adhesives and the gluea that we use? Dr. Kingsley Key: Organic sol vent* are used in most adhesives. These chemicals act primarily as anesthetics causing central nervous system depression manifested by vis ual disturbances, mental confusion, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, difficulty in locomotion, and, finally, if con centrations are high enough, uncon sciousness. Workers Made Accident Prone Naturally, the exposed worker who is affected by these substances be comes potentially accident prone. As enzyme systems in Lie body re spond to the insult of these materials by augmenting their destruction, adaptation is frequently experienced. Nevertheless, this adaptive c.echanism haa its limits, beyond which the basic toxic nature of such solvents begins to take effect. Another aspect cf the inorganic solvents is their effect in defatting sldn and interfering with lipoprotein* of the mucous membranes. In heavy concentrations, pulmo nary edicts may ensue. They are usually irritating to the eve, and cor neal damage is always a possibility. Grrhoais oi the liver and kidney damage may also occur in excessive exposure. A special reference should be made to the interaction of many l -------- L. -------------------- -...___ -a George Soy'an: "What is a good 'act i.tr .7/ : ~4, . - i, iT .1 J-V / : '''*7 : /' V yl-Sy ] Frank Suraci: "What about foggad gtassasr organic solvents with drugs and elcohoL It is well known that solvents and alcohol interfere with each other's metabolism. A* a result, normal intake of alco hol may result in increased eSecta due to reduction in the normal rate of alcohol metabolism, caused by the solvent Worker* continually exposed to solvents should have special medical advice where drugs heve to be taken. Apart from the solvents, some high polymen and additives used in ad* neaives can be sensitizing to produce skin reactions and asthmatic attacks. Interaction With Asbestos It will be understood thst workers who experience adverse effects using adhesives should have continuing medical supervision. Tom ViscovicK: What is the inter action of solvents or the polymer* with asbestos? Dr. Kay: It is not known whether solvents, high polymers and addi tives commonly used in adhesive* interact with asbestos in its action on the lung. Obviously, materials that ailect lung tissue stand a chance of imensifving each other's action. Moat adhesives are intended for use under conditions of good ventila tion. What seems to happen is that they are frequently used in whatever conditions exist on the job--for as long as the men can stand the expo sure. Everyone s Responsibility . When labels call for good ventila tion, the employer should provide adequate equipment. It is surely everyone's resnor.-iciiity to er.*ure working ccndiiicns appropriate to the precautions on cite products handled. Tom Babich: THrre are so many (Continurd on lijtn pege) More Than 70 Kinds of Fibrous Glass Used in Insulation Nick Lucictu "Let's tst them on the jobl" (Continued from fifth page) solvents, we feel like we're involun tary guinea pigs. One time the boss accused me of being drunk. I was weaving sll over the door and he said, "Have you been drinking?" "No, just smelling this stuff." Adhesives Vary Widely Are 'there any adhesives we can use that are less toxic than others? Dr. Key: Adhesives are generally formulated for a particular job, so the ingredients vary widely. Virtually all the materials in use today contain organic solvents. Though there are some differences in the toxicity of different organic solvents, switching solvents is a less satisfactory answer than good venti lation. Frank Suraei: Proper ventilation is not practical. It is not the fauit of the employer, nor ours. It is just not practical on a construction joL. Duncan Holaday: I hesitate to ac cept the statement that it is impos sible to ventilate areas where adhe sives are being used. I agree that it is difficult. Difficult, But it is Done The U.S. Department of Labor regulations covering shipbuilding and ship repair require that ventila tion be used for all surface coating work in enclosed areas. Ships have many compartments wnich are hard to ventilate, but it is done. Similar regulations should apply to all construction work. The Department of Labor regula tions published in the Fcoeral Regis ter, April 17, 1971. which apply to all federally assisted construction work, state that eipcsu.-e or em ployees to inhalation, inacstinn, skin absorption or contact wro a;iv mate rial or substance it a concentration above those specified in the Thresh old Limit Values of Airborne Con taminants for 1970" of the American Conference of Governmental Indus trial Hygienists shall be avoided. The Ducts Problem It will require some ingenuity and work to control vapors of adhesive solvents--but it is possible. Ray Ryder: Ducts are another area of the problem. We have a problem in this city with ducts lined on the inside with fibrous glass and I don't know anyone who wiil guarantee that the glass will never enter the air stream. The use of this stuff is new and its effects haven't yet showed up in Nick Buratcvich: `Vie`re at the point of desperation." pipe covervrs. The State won't change the specifications. Doctor, what can you do to have a study made of the hazard of this material ? Dr. SeWroff: The problem is po tentially so important cne. There are more than 70 different kinds of fibrous glass used in in-ulation prod ucts. They are aiffer-nt in size and have different chemical compositions. Tests cn Animals To evaluate etch would be an im possible task. We have tested three different kinds in animals. Nothing hapnened with two, but the third produced cancer. Moreover, fibrous glass is manu factured with a varieiv cf binders, resins, and oils, the biological ef fects of which are umcmiwn either al'.r.e or in conjunction with fibrous glass. In addition, the effects of the glass you inhale today will probably not become evident for more than 20 yean, just as with asbestos. No one auggeata that glass particles in your lung* are good lor you, and since recent studies by Dr. Cooper have shown that air contaminated by dust from fibrous glass insula.ion materials contain* fibers fine enough to enter the depths of the lungs, these materials should be used only in such ways as to keep them from being inhaled. New Air Pollution Code A similar problem occurs with Sirayed plenums used for return air. ere asbestos, rock wool and other materials are in direct contact with a building's air supply. In New York City we have not been allowed to analyze air in build ing* in which this has been done. We may be able to do this when the City Council pastes a new air pollu tion code. Tom Viseovieh: Doctor, one thing aeems funny. Men in their forties and fifties are dying of lung cancer. But those in their sixties and seven ties die of something else. What is the reason for this? Started Smoking Young Dr. Setikojf: Your observations axe very anarp, Tom. The answer is thst lung cancer it strongly a&scciated with cigarette smoking, especially in asbestos workers. Not many men in the United States began smoking cigarettes until after World War I, and those that started did so while young. We are (Continued on seventh page) Ten Viseevicn: "//hat's tne effect of adhesives?" ir Reducing Dust Levels is Key to The Whole Problem (Continued from sixth, page) seeing the remit. Ifce young men who began amoking cigarette* in the 20* and 30t am now coining down with lung cancer alter 20, 30 or more yean; dm older non-smokers do not. In fact, aabetto* worker* who aoks run more than 90 time* the riak ol dying of lung cancer than men who neither amoke cigarette* nor work with asbestoa do. Pete Atphano: You say one out of five died of lung cancer. Was there something special with them? The Key to the Problem You mentioned the association with smoking. I* there something else we can do to prevent disease? Dr. Selikoff: We have discussed pre vention of disease by reducing the dust levels. This is the key to the problem. However, this will be of most benefit to those now entering the industry. Of equal importance is the question of what can be done for those wbo have been in the industry 10 or 20 years or more. Here, too, we have some optimism. 1. Asbestosis can be delayed or minimized by reducing dust levels; we talked about that. 2. Since smoking greatly increases the incidence of lung cancer, witch to a pipe or cigar, if you have to amoke at all. Only a small effect on health has been found from either. 3. With respect to dust already in the lungs, research at Mount Sinai is being conducted on bow to inactivate that dust A * chemical has been found that will inactivate silica dust al ready in the lungs. We hope to do the same fer asbestos. Dr. Robert J. Schnitzer in our laboratory has discovered some chemicals that inactivate ashesto* in test tube experiments, and animal studies are now under way. 4. Mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining of chest or abdomen, has never been cured. Almost 10% of the deaths of insula tion workers are from this dis ease. Research nov. being dune at Mount Sinai, aud the esteb- Ptts Atphano: "Whst can ws do to prevant dissata?" Kahment of a treatment center there, give rise to hope. We are testing new drugs end new treatments. Some success has already been achieved, both by Dr. William E. Smith in our animal research laboratory, and by our chemotherapy team for patients. This is now one of our research priorities. A cure mutt be found to help men wbo get this disease in the 1970s and 1980s, even while we control dust exposure, tnd prevent future cases, in the 1990s. Nick Lucich: Cases of mesotheli oma were so rare in the past that i' : Tom Babich: "Art any adhesives less tO*iC?" Ray Rydsr "Ducts ar* another prob lem." when a pipe eoverer got it, it was something special. What ia the number of cases to day? Dr. Selikoff: The first modem re port on mesothelioma came from Mount Sinai Hospital io 1931, writ ten by two of my teachers, Dr. Paul Klemperer sod Dr. Coleman B. Ra bin. In the next 30 years we saw only three cases. That's how rare it was in the past. In the last eight years, however, we have had more than 23 cases, many from Locals 12 and 32. Be cause of its association with asbestos, mesothelioma is now compensable as an industrial disease. But this is small consolation. Compensation is no substitute ior a man's life I Studies Being Continued Ray Ryder: If a man cornea down with cancer of the iung, is there any chance of similar problems develop ing in his wife or children? Dr. Selikoff: This is a worry to us. Dr. Muriel L Newhouse in Lon don found cases of mesothelioma in family members of asbestos work ers. Presumably, this was from the dust brought home by the worker on bis clothes. We have been looking at tne prob lem here in New York. So far, fortu nately, the data look reassuring. We are continuing these studies. I would advise, nevertheless, that work clothes always be changed be fore going home. Dr. \ ictor Baden of our st.vi has taken samples of dust from the sir in the bouses of (Continued or. eighth pege) I (Continued f*om jeventA page) pfaw eoveren. Asbestos and glass um were found. . Pete Alphano: JM hu a cement diet eonuina no asbestos. 1 think Carer alto hat one. Ia there any problem with these cementa? Dr.Stlikoff: We don't really know. They all contain mineral material dial baa no business being in a man's fames. You should naa the same care with them as with the asbestos ce- Non-Asbestos Cement in Plastic Mia them in plastic bags. I know of two manufacturers, Johna-Manriile and Ryder Industries of Dallas, who sail non-asbestos cement in plastic bags. George Semonoviek: To summar ise tonight's meeting, it is clear that wa need 1. good housekeeping, 2. austproef materials, 3- muscle to demand that action be takan. h remains for us now to get this done. Will we get any help from the Occupational Safety and Health Act? Dr. Harry Heimann: The new Oc cupational Safety and Health Act is a good one and, if adequate money ia appropriated by Congress for the law's implementation, ail workers, including asbestos workers, cotdd ex pect to benefit from it by a marked reduction in accident and sickness resulting from their occupations. First Come, First Served However, it looks as if funds ap propriated will be much less than are needed for proper implementation. As e result, it will be a matter of first come, first served. For this reason, the union rank and file must begin to exert pressure in the right places, so that the junde are used to benefit their own safety and health. Incidentally, Senator Williams and Representative Daniels, who intro duced and strongly promoted the Bill, are from New jersey. Tney, and the congressmen and senators who supported them, deserve much credit. The bill contains the provision that standards for harmful physical agents, such as asbestos will assure "That no employee will sutler mate rial impairment of health or func tional capacity even ii such employee has regular exposure to me hazard dealt with by such standard for the period of bis working lire.'' Jack Novak; "Tha workolaca must ba Rudy Ranch: "Problems with respira mada ssts lor pipa covarars." tora." "Each employer shall furnish to eaeh of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free front recognised kaaarda that are causing or are likely to causa death or serious physical harm to hie employees." Whether this will come true or not will depend on how Labor and Industry meet their responsibilities, on what you do. Jack Novak: It was interesting to hear the dsts on the number of stale inspections. Asbestos workers have had to take care of themselves in the past and, if necessary, we will in the future. Now We Need Action! The Occupational Safety and Health Art and the Safety and Health Regulations for Construction can give us some of the muscle we need. But if these new acts are not prop erly enforced, we ourselves will see that the results of the IlliliP re search get into the workplace. One thing is certain---the work place must be made safe for pipe eeverers. Andy Hoot, General Secretary Treasurer: You all know President Hutchinson's view on health and safety and how he has done so much, as has the entire Executive Board, to eliminate the severe hazards from our industry. Research is under way and much has been discovered. It is now necessary to have action, to get a safe workplace. Tha asbestos industry National Health and Safety Fund has been alow in getting off the ground, but I can assure you that we will see that action on health and safety pro ceeds, and rapidly. It's just too important to our members for it to stop. SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION Tha following regulation it applicable to all federally funded rag* tuuction (Federal Register, Vcl. 36, page 7349, April IT, 197131-- "1518.55 Gases, vaoon, fumes, dusts, and mists. ' (a) Expot are of employees to inhalation, ingestion, skin ab sorption, or contact with any material or suostar.ee at a concentration above those scecined in the "Threshold Limit Values of Airborne Contaminants for 1970" of the Ameri can Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, shall be avoided. ' (b) When engineering or administrative controls cannot be employed to reduce or eliminate the exposure, protective equipment, as required in Subpart E of this part, shall be used." Doctor Irving J. Selikolf recently made the following presenta tion at the AFL-CIO conference on Occupational Health held Jnne 17,1971 in Washington, D. C. We believe that this pres entation will be of vital interest to our membership, and we are, therefore, reproducing it herewith. Twelve weeks ego, I participated in a remarkable meeting in Chica go. Representatives of the Steel workers* Union convened to con sider the serious problems of oc cupational safety and health now faced by them and by all of Ameri can labor. A remarkable meeting in many ways. First, th2t it was held--this would have been incon ceivable even five years ago. Sec ond, it confirmed the sensitivity and wisdom of Mr. Abel and the leader ship of the Steelworkers' Union. They had hoped for a considerable attendance, had arranged for the largest ballroom in the Hilton Hotel and had prepared 1,500 delegate places. When the meeting opened, 300 more chairs had to be found. That meeting, as this, demon strates the determination that busi ness as usual--"the usual" of the past--is no longer acceptable. Fm afraid that I was not the most popular speaker at that meet ing and 1 don't think I will be at this morning's. I was not in the mood. On my way to the airport, I had stopped at the hospital to see a patient, Nick Evelich, a member of Local 12 of the International As sociation of Heat and Frcst Insula tors and Asbestos Workers. AFLCIO. Nick had an advanced cancer, replacing the upper part of his right lung. May I tell you a little about him? Nick was a very decent man. In the mid-1920s, at the age of 18, he had become a building trades worker, insulating boilers, pipes, air supply ducts and such-like in buildings as this, in oil refineries, chemical plants, powerhouses-- one of those who helped put together the struc ture and industry of our America. His was a somewhat dusty job, and this worried him a bit. because Joseph Mullaney. the President of his Union, had read that doctors had found that some cf these dusts produce serious lung disease and had written in his Union journal questioning this. But Nick was reassured. He felt certain that in our America, surely someone was seeing to it that he and the tens of thousands of other insulation workers, had a safe working place. He didn't quite know who; but he had heard of "state health departments," the public health service," "industrial hygienists," "occupational health physicians," "inspectors." He knew that in New Jersey and New York--the states in which he worked--there were legislatures, and laws. As I left Nick's bed that morn ing, I knew that his confidence had been misplaced, that there had been no "someone." Nick didn't know, but scientists knew, during his years of work, that the dusts he was inhaling, frequent ly led--twenty or thirty years later--to lung cancer. No one told Nick, nor any of the members of his Union. Each day he, and tens of thousands of his brothers, went to work to add a bit more of the can cer causing dust, to his lung burden. As a result, today, in 1971, thou sands of insulation workmen are doomed to die of lung cancer and other neoplasms. The unhappy sta tistics are that one of every five in sulation workers in the United States dies of lung cancer, one in ten dies of cancer of the stomach, colon and rectum, and one in every ten dies of a tumor called mesothe lioma--affecting the lining cf the chest or the lining cf the abdomen, and invariably fatal. In addition, adding to this toll, on: in every ten dies of scarred lungs caused by the dusts inhaled in the workplace. This disaster--what else can we call it--is now faced by almost 100.000 insulation workers in our country; one of every two men to die of some form of cancer, or of scarred lungs. Almost as many men will die of occupational diseases in this one trade, as have died in the war in Vietnam. I now have a somber follow-up to give you. Nick Evelich, age 64, died on April 4, 1971, two weeks after the Chicago meeting. I was present at his death, more to ease his last hours, than anything else. Also, to give what comfort I could to his widow, it was a difficult time for me because, as we walked away, Mrs. Evelich asked me, through her tears, "Doctor, what happened? What went wrong?" What went wrong? What could I answer her? The question bothered me as 1 went to the nurse's desk to sign the death certificate. In New York City, the death certificate requires the doctor to certify that the death was of "natural causes." "Natural causes?" Did Nick Eve lich die of natural causes? I signed it, because otherwise the medical examiner would have had to in vestigate whether there had been foul play. "Foul play?" You might consider that ir.y con cern has a large personal basis. That's true; but it has a wider one as well, because Nick Evelich is but one of many. Let me give you a few examples. There are today, in the United States, more than 15,000 steel workers--members of Mr. Abel's Union--employed at coke ovens. These ovens emit gases and ocher materials containing benzpyrene and other chemicals long suspected of causing cancer. Starting in 2 936 and at intervals thereafter, scientists re ported that lung cancer was much more common among men working in plants like this. Yet for the last 50 years, a period during which tecs of thousands of Amer.can men were daily exposed to these can cer chemicals, decades in which they had every right to assume tha: their workplace was safe, r.o precaui.ons whatever were taken to prevent their inhalation of these materials. They were not even told of the danger! THE ASJISTOS WOIXE1 Four moaths ago, partly as the re mit of brilliant research by men now members of Dr. Key's staff, we learned that at the least, these men have more than twice as much lung cancer as everyone else and. In tome areas, ten tinur as much hmg cancer! Like Nick EveUch, steel workers during the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, surely had the right to expect that someone was seeing to it that cancer would not be their fate. Then was no someone. Or consider the tragedy of our coal mines, where literally hundreds of thousands of American men have lost their lives to accidents and to black lung, in the last SO years. Hundreds of thousands of men in Pennsylvania, Kentucky, West Virginia, Ohio and elsewhere. Contrast this with the fact that the first hundred thousand dollars al lotted by Congress for coal workers' lung disease research was only pro vided in 1963! Or cotton workers. Until two or three years ago this was a non disease; it didn't occur, no state would provide compensation for it. Not one dollar for research was ever provided, until the last several years. Yet recent studies, and the investi gations of the Textile Worker's Union of America AFLCIO, show that 20% and more of carders, spinners, ginners and weavers in our great mills in North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Georgia and elsewhere, suffer from bvssinosis and that more than 100,000 men and women in these states are at risk. Again, there was no someone --neither the Department of Labor, nor the State Health Department, nor occupational health physicians, to warn these American workmen through the years, and the mills remained dusty. I hope I have said enough to indicate some sense of trgeocy of such problems. Because they arc urgent. In one sense, wc are not heading for disaster; it is with us. May I share some of my wor ries'' First, there is the long "latent" period between exposure to many of the dangers in factories, mills, mines --and the subsequent development of disease. Men begin working on the Colorado plateau in uranium mines, and ethers in uranium proc essing plants, in the early 1940s. The lung cancers from which one in five is now dying didn't begin to appear for 20 or 25 years. Aniline dye workmen don't develop and die of bladder cancer for 15, 20, or 25 years after they have begun work. The scarred lungs of beryl lium may not appear for two or three decades. Nick Evelich, you remember, began working many years ago. fyji *a if r <*/#. 4 i : - . 7 H`. rl ]V I--J<tsv'U. .. yy!m V NICHOLAS EVELICH Seeds are being planted now for the diseases of 20 and 30 years hence. This leads to less sense of urgency at this jnonent--but the greater necessity for us to under stand the need for precautions now, to safeguard the future. This insidiousness is particularly important when we consider the new processes and new chemicals being added to the work environment every day, with little or no testing and with no knowledge of what lies in store for Lhe workmen asked to use them. Fcr example, cancer au thorities throughout the world sug gest that, on the basis of growing evidence, perhaps is many as 95% of all cancers come from our en vironment. And of ail environments, the work environment is most sus pect and most dacgcrous. I have mentioned aniline dyes. It may interest you to know that one of these, /J-ndpthalamme, has, in one grouo of workmen, after 2d years, resulted in bladder cancer :n every single man that had teen exposed! Parenthetically, it may be of interest to you to know the matter of occupational and environmental cancer is considered of such impor tance that the Board of Directors of the American Cancer Society three weeks ago voted to inidate a new research effort--the Environmental Cancer Research Project--jointly, with our Laboratory. This will have strong emphasis on studying cancer hazards in the workplace. Consider able funds and the great statistical resources of the Society will be de voted to this problem, under Dr. E. Cuyler Hammond and myself. American Labor and Industry will, I believe, benefit greatly from this new program of the American Can cer Society. Another cause for concern is our growing appreciation Lhat, as the complexity of our work environ ment increases, so do its disease ef fects. For example, in recent years, the known dangers have extended from those concerns of the past such as silicosis, carbon monoxide, ben zene and others, to cancer of the nasal sinuses in wood-workers, polyurethane and isocyanate haz ards of firemen and the growing seriousness of emphysema; from chromates, manganese and carbon tetrachloride, to detergent enzyme asthma, pesticides ar.d mesothelioma in shipyard workers. There are reasons, therefore, for wony. It is possible that we are doomed to repeat our mistakes. That, at roost, we will continue to do little but put out fires. Should this happen, we will not have justi fied the trust that the working men of this country put in us. Like Nick Evelich. the men you represent go to their jobs feeling that at the least, laws have been provided by their elected representatives to en sure that the materials they work with are not harmful, that the work place is safe and that the work en vironment will not endanger their health nor result in their premature death. In short, as I say, they trust us. Have we justified that trust? The question is simple: the an swer is complex. Many of us, as individuals, hive earned that trust. I know of Union leaders who have, often with scant thinks, ariued des perately for the safety of their com rades; of employers who would will- AUCUST, 1*71 7 ingty do what was needed to provide that safety; of public health workers whose dedication explains their per* severance in the face of great odds; legislators, physicians, engineers, scientists and others who have tried to help solve these problems. But taken together, we have faded. The hundreds of thousands of miners whose longs have been destroyed and who have gasped their dying days; the chemicii work ers who have suffered liver disease, blood disorders and bladder can cers; the almost hall-million men who have lost their lives in indus trial accidents since the war and even more whose lives have been shattered by near-fatal accidents; nranium miners, beryllium workers, cotton workers, sandhogs, men hurt by lead, ozone, carbon disulfide, mercury, cadmium, laser beams, pesticides, radiation, noise and dozens of other hazards of the workplace--all these victims mutely tell us we have failed. If I might paraphrase Emerson, 1 would note that what has happened speaks so loudly that we cannot hear what is said should have happened. Who killed Cock Robin? Not I, says the employer. Tell me what to do and I'll do it. Not I, says the industrial hygienist--I've tried my best Not I, says tbe physician--I've hardly been told the problem exists. And not I, repeats the legislator-- we pass laws when we've been told of the need. All these people are right No one killed Cock Robin. His has been an impersonal, technological death, of research not done, of funds not granted, of training omitted, of hearings not held. We have ail failed --taken together. As the youngsters would perhaps now put it--the sys tem has failed. In die United States of 1971, this must end. Either we prepare to earn and justify the trust the working people of our country give us--or we should frankly tell them that they must not have a false sense of security, that we cannot protect them, that we have not the person nel, equipment, funds, laws to meet our responsibility. We must not per petuate a fraud. Of course, it would be heresy to suggest that it would be better to disband the Nabonal Institute of Occupational Safety and Health than for it to continue as it is-- understaffed, underfinanced, ham strung and ill-supported; or that it would be better to dissolve the mea ger industrial hygiene divisions in most states, than to have them con tinue as ineffectual shells. At least then, industry and labor would know they must look to themselves for protection. Mind you, it would be a tragedy for this to happen, but perhaps less of a tragedy than what has hap pened and what can happen. May I return to my asbestos workers for an example? In 1935, Dr. Kenneth Lynch reported the as sociation of asbestos work and lung cancer and warned that they were causally related. After his report, not one piece of research of any kind on this subject was done by tbe Public Health Service in the 1930s, 1940s or 1950s. No funds were provided, no personnel was available, no grants were made to other scientists. No research of any kind! Tens of thousands of abestos workers continued to work with this material daily, unaware that there might be special hazards. In just one asbestos trade--in sulation work--some 50,000 Amer ican men began work after Dr. Lynch's warning. Not one was told of this warning, not one employer was cautioned of precautions he should take. Both groups assumed someone was looking after any health hazards they might have. Again, there was no someone and now 20.000 of these men are per haps doomed to die unnecessarily of lung cancer, mesotheiioma. asbestosis. Who kills asbestos workers? In attention, omission, inadequacy. Net very spectacular murderers, but deadly killers nonetheless. The heartbreak of all this--if it continues--will be that it is un necessary, because our srientists have the knowledge, our industry has the skill, and our public health people the commitment, to make the American workplace safe, so that a man may live out his days -.n health and in dignity. The decades of our neglect--the I930i. 40s. 50s and 60s--cannot continue. The worxpiace must oe mace sat:, a ls now time for change. And here I turn to you. Many of us can and win help, in government, as Senator Williams has so ampiy demonstrated, in Science, in Medi cine and in Industry. But the main task is yours, to attract scientists, to alert physicians, to strengthen laws, to prod officials when this is needed. You're supposed to be good at orga nizing--well, this problem pro rides ample opportunity for organizing. And you have more than just op portunity--you have an important responsibility. American workmen now expect that someone is going to change the workplace--and, in large part, from now on, you are that someone. In conclusion, may I apologize for my frankness. I thought it the best tribute and farewell I could give my friend Mick Evelich. vmh smcc eawaurt* tmc If something's going wrong, it'll tell you. .1. Gamft in bonel or Madder hibita. 2 A tore that does not Seal. 3. Ucusual DietJin 4 or oischarga. 4. Thickening or lurro ta breast or else* here. 5. Indigestion or dnasulty in swvlowing. 6. Obvious char ge in wart or tnole. 7. Naging cough or hoarseness. If you have a warning signal, tee your doctor, if u a faie aarm, he'll tell you. If it isn't, you c so give him time to help. Don't be afraid. It's n hat you don't know that can hurt you. ' f American Cancer Society THE ASBESTOS WORKER ii ISF-129-72 3 Georgia Facifle Corp nr. A^iraTOs sxpostos - jobit sisTg-s cpspatioks vo^TffiooK. 3cinaparc and ops^nas The workrooa, eqnlroent. and operations are described la Section I. of this report. T ~T5 ACT 0gS5K7ATICT?S Air teste were taken in the breathing sane of the workers daring Joint eyetene dry dx operations. The following results wore obtained* Crmie location, Breathing Zone Asbestos Concentration 1. Packer 2. Stacker 3. kixernan 41 fibers/ol (greater than 5 derons in length) 17 fibers/nl ( " 5 ") 2S fibers/nl ( " "5 " B ") In addition, general aLr samples were taken at two locations In the dry dx area. The concentration of asbestos was foundtobe 31 fibers/nl (greater than 5 lalcronn in length) at a point i-.Lout 20* west of the packerend12' northwest of the stacker. The eonccntn tier, of asbestos '.r.3 found to be 26 Xibers/ci (greater than 5 dcrons in length) adjacent to tie rib; 'O'g-or (rixersLin'o work station). Tne latter test was taken whoa no &iix preparation was using It yes noted that the icixertsen wore respirators during the actual uJLxirg operations, 'either the packer nor the stacker wore respirators. It was stated that the packer the '.cker switch Jobs about every 350 bags of production. The fleers, equipment, ledge surfaces, etc. in the 4C* I 60* dry dx working area varo :ov?rc:I with dust. Tie dust layer was constantly being built up during the various unit ipcritic::;'., primrily fren the heavy concentration of Hist generated 'ey the bag filling r-rjsrr.tlcn. coricursioxs . rbr-omre to noise resulting froo the Joint Systems operations, as performed at the tine of the visit, would not tend to bo detrimental to the hearing of the workors. . The ? & 3 Building 212 operations, as performed at the tine of the visit, would not tend to bo hazardous to tic health of the workers. t . llj-osurc to asbestos from the Joint Systems operations would be hazardous to the health cf the workers in the diy nix areET ; item? 1 and 2 above - none. Dir-'.'' Al. OCT`2- 0:072 D'Y'1''" ' ' ' ****-x^y- -4- OOOl^lA fftctn.c Cor> Itcra 3 ebere That the c^ssast gyatca for the akc topper bo redealgneg esdLrccnntrv.ctsi: aivl teat guTLcleat local eKhrast ventilation be provided for the - ov vic-Tis, both InAttCordance yjfch IP frT0i 12 nnd IP. mcnh 10. That plana icr tJc .orci-;aiionad be gulrlttod In triplicate to this Dlvlelon prior to Inalallr.tion. '.J Albert J. Koeec, K*b. Industrial 1^'jieic Pi^'siclan II 09Z 521 SOUND PRESSURE LEVEI. SURVEY Ii ") D 2 j' 2 > 5 ox GO <_J LL O ,s X < CL I! cwi:<:on of u-ii'ur.i, iai. myc.ii .'if. REPORT ON FIELD INVESTIGATION V / i , , , > ?t _ ///'O /-._ TO: OIVISION OF INDUSTRIAL SAFETY SERVICE, BUREAU OF [X)P6M I 1 CONSTRUCTION T^aOlljE^ P y) , ATTN: fNSP.FS 1?S*~PaaUd0tt ?NSP?` S. P. 12x1Oft OISTRICJ* JL&. 1. FIRM NAME ---- --C^r/Aa. Pacific Corporation ). address . 1NVESTH ATED BY 3ca <tf Horatoad lfcQQl. Hoimm P<runaitet lad* Hygiene Engiaoar 10. REPORT 2. DATE OI1 REPORT1 |S. DATE OF VBIT 4. DATE OF REQUl I rr,'.;wt20-72 rOTFlCiALSyiSWRVlEWED^^ Kr. Edward Foley, Ofriee Manager Hr. UilUam liamnior, Float Engineer In aocordanoo with your request, tho abovo firm was visited to invootigito pooaiMo ckco.tsIvo noise resulting iron tho Joint Systems operations, posalblo air coat.vain.Tnts resulting froa ? A S operations, and possible exposure to osoosolvo asbootoa from tho Joint Systoco operations I vbd JEPAHTtfENT OB UB0 2, W0I"d IM TK5 JOIKT ST5TSH5 0P5HM1QR3. SgH.T>I?S 230 *WAL0. A. y Ycmixm ' `^2 The worJcrocm, which mmeures about 120' X CO' 2 (25* to 40'^J^li: :ctvyrlti?nvt'frQ caio story east cod of a largo Baooary and stool building. Tiio oast wall1 Sif'the hiorJcroca contains a lnrgo aliding door, a maixloor, end 3 oponablo windows* Xhoro nro 2 o;'c:cLa~o in t> io viont wall which load to tho warehouse aroa. Tho north awl south walls contain cyonlngs. General oociianicol ventilation is provided by a 30" daomotor oaivTust fan mountorl in tho oaot wall at a height oT 10** Additional ventilation lo providod fcy 2 Gravity roof ventilators* irwmranr and qpasmttg Tho dry mix olixb compound Tor uullboard is prepared, in a AO' 2 60* arcs located in tlio northeast corner of tho workrooo. The process involves tho preparation of about sixteen JJXO pound dry cJLxoo during tho U hour cloy oflift, dneh nix is cewpriuod of 75,J or noro liiic^touc with mounts of anhrrt.ou ranging from 220 to 320 pounds and idea up to 0,0 pom wo, depending ou tlio product spociiiod. hinor mounts of other notoriala aro aluo included. IL'copt for tho llsxsotono u'dch is added i'rou onoloeod hiuj, two alrrmcn lo-id tho other ingrediavto into a uaiot liih 5' X 7* hopper. Tho ciynotito nebestois, contained in 100 lu. bass, *uid the mica, in 30 lb. bapo, are dropped on hnp, nior.'iers in t."0 Imppior, the coaitcnto dumped, and tho empty paper begs rociovcd frcn the nr?,n. h v.n,athi,; scixioa e'vtics tlio hopper to on enclosed conveyor. T.o lwpi'or io prerviv'e-.i with o ca/ici-y lisod at a height of 30" at ono end end ijO" at tho other ond, aivl is i>nrt.tally oacxcjovl. 'i Tho oubssqjicnt operations, conduotod in closed, cystoma, inclmlo a ri'..'.A>a me..tv, bue?;ct olovntors, arid a St* UosiQ packer* Tho sixer end elovatore axv provlucl with local exhaust ryctosa* 0 G i \ '> 0 i J ^2 Of i i I *H*n (u?) wt-wu# ' 2SF-129-72 2 Georgia Pacific Cor? Tlio St. Rogia equipment automatically fillo crultlwall bcgo with the correct, weight of product material. .^-.packer operator slips a pastod-vslve tuck-in-sleeve bee ovor a food opout, ono of three such outlets. The fillod bag ia dropped on a horizontal conveyor widen curries tho bags fifciyoist height to a stacker operator. Tho otackor operator* locatod ai>ou IS' from the loading station, removes the bags from tho conveyor and loads them on pallots. Tho pallets, when filled, are transported to the warehouse by a fork lift truck oporator. About P.JOO bags ore produoed during an 3 hour shift. Tho aforementioned adding operations are provided with an oltemato duot cystou which dirocto the material to the wot cdxLng area In tho southwest comor of tho workroom. Thero a fhrbhor enclosed mixing with the addition of water yields a paste produet. This product is loaded into oithcr 5 gallon or 1 gallon cans, tho covers crisped, and the oans poUotizofor warehousing* four men are usually assigned to tills area. TH3T3 Mil) OKlWATIOna It van nertod that noiao in tho workroom was cost evidant in tho preparation aroa (vibrating ocrcon in the kapner) and at tho dry clx filling station (St. 3ogia paclcor and adjacent auxiliary equipment). Noiso level measurements wore obtained in those areas &rA oro notod on tlio attodied Sound Pressure Level Survey form* , ii* p a p opqftATioKs. nnuroro 212 i ' . '0:5:p0rgl3. &PITMS3T Aim CPBflf.TK5 The planter operations are conducted in a threo story corrugated stool stmature, Bui Wing 212. Tho upper floors of tho building arc relegated to tho f/torngo, mixing, and canvryjng of B&torials to produce the plaster cdx, which io oooentially gypsum. Thy first floor is used for produot bagging and chipping. Tho g'iovo operations aro conducted by a four iwn ornw about A hours per dry, pneo or tidco a woolc, producing about 400 tons par month of bagged material. Before tho advent of dry wall end wallboonl, 12,000 tons per month woro produced at tliio facility. Tho ruring and conveying oporationa on tho upper flooro aro conducted in oaaentinlly closed ayptomf. Tho multi-wall bagging operations take place on tho first floor. Bates bug loading machines automatically fill tho bags to tho doslrnd weight. At tlio Ho. 3 hates Packer, two workers pack 00 pounds of molding plaster into oido opening bngo. Tho filled bags ara manually placed on hand trucks and removed to a *ldj>pins croa. At the Ho. 3 Batos Packor, lightweight plaster is bagged by ono worker. Tho bagged product 1s convoyod to the adjacent oliipping erea. T3rir, ASP 0rS5RVATI0H3 It was noted that duot was only evolved at the bagging operations. Air tests wore taken in tho bre&tiiing zone of the workers wltLio coniuot.livc bagging operations. Tho concentration of dust was found to be 55 Wi'C? at tho Ho. 1 feboa Packer, 7 W-TCF at tlie Wo. 3 Bat00 Packer. Analysis of lodge dust in both pucker arose disclosed a freo silica content of leas then 5>* , llo local exhaust ventilation io provided for tho Bates Packors. Workers at the Bo. I f is at were csrtridgo typo duot roopiratoroj tho J*o, 3 ynit oporator did not wear try pi*lootlve cQulpaont# I ' ,-bsf-129-72 ' -3- Georgia Pacific Corp. *22* ASBESTOS BCT35UHB - JOD3T gYSTCiq QFSPATI035 . " V'v". .' VOnKTOO?-!. ^CKPMSNT ASP OPERATICES Tha workroom, equipment, end operations ere described la Section Z. of this report. AHP 0mRK7A7IQIC Air toots wore taken In the breathing echo of tho workers during Joint eystess dry min operations* The following recruits were obtained* Sample Location. Breathing Zone Asbestos Conoontration 1* Packer 2. Stocker' 3* Kixorniaa 1 ' 41 fibors/al (greeter than 5 microns in length) 17 Hbcrs/jal ( 5. ") 3 Ubers/al ( " *5 ." " ") In addition, general cLr camples were taken at two locations in tho dr? ndj; area. T1 concentration of asbootos was foundto bo 31 flbers/ol (greater than 5 microns in length) 1 a point about 20* voat of the packerend 12* northwest of the otackor. Thoconcentration c Gcboctos was found to be 26 Xlbore/nl (greater than 5 nlorons in length) adjacont to tho mi hojrpor (mixerman'o work station). Xha latter teat was taken whan no bix preparation wet bolng dono. , It was nobod that the iitixeruen woro respirators during tho actual mixing operations. Uoithor tho pecker nor tho stacker wore respirators. It was stated that tho p&ckor and the stacker switch jobs about aver/ 350 bags of production. Tho floors, oquiptxint, ledge surfaeon, etc. in tho 40' X 6U' dry mix working area vox covorod with duet. The dust layer was constantly being built up during tiro various unit operations, primarily from the heavy concentration of dust gunorutod by tiro beg filling operation. ' COTTTSLtr-IOMr, 1. T^posuro to noise resulting from the Joint Systems operations, r.s performed at tho time of the visit, would not tend to bo detrimental to the hearing of tho workers. 2. Tho P & 3 Building 212 operations, 00 performed at tho time of tho visit, would not to to bo IiAKOrdous to tho health of tiro workors. 3. liqjosuro to asbostos from the Joint Systems operations would ho hazardous' to tho hoolt of tho workers in the dry mix area. Bo itomo 1 sad 2 above - none. iraOtyjfrTPA'TIOire Ii - <* - ueorgia racuao cor?. Ho Item 3 above -That the exhaust syetca Tor the mix hopper be rodoai<jaod end rocoactructod and tbSCeufflcient local exhaust ventilation bo provided for the ba^jlng eporations, both in aooordanoe with 12 Ni'OrR 12 and 12 StGOk ld That plans for the aforetaoatiooad be wbcaitted la triplicate to this glvioloa pedor to V . vw ''V L~ aJ.IjGCw Uii . " .' ; l.n > I . Albert J. Booco, ii.D, Industrial ifcrsiono Ptyalolaa ZI ff i *'. < . SOUND LEVEL in Dctibcls f t 0.0002 <5:ic j per s 1 t r.EC'JEIvCV. eye'-: p a wcond |> I if! h; .!. 't if! ..'! i, INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMUNICATION TOi FROM! Mr. E. . Hollingsworth J. D.Rftuch STATE NOISE AND DUST SURVEY ce: Mr. Joha DiLorenro - Portland Mr. C. V. Lehnert - Tigard R & D atb October 27, 1972 LOCATION* Wilmington LOCATION! Akron On 8/18, 9/13, and 9/20/72 ve had a Hew York State Inspector here for dust and noise testing in our Joint System and Plaster Packing Departments. This survey was conducted at the request of the Hew York State Factory Safety Inspector. I have attached a copy of their results. As you can see we have no problem with the noise level in either department or the dust level in the Plaster Packing Department. However, they have reported excessive asbestos dust in the Joint System area. The State's Recommendations appear on page 4 of the report. As you know, Mr. DlLorenzo's office is actively engaged in work to correct this problem. However, we must now submit plans to the State for approval prior to installation. At this time this is only a recommendation and not a citation, so there is no time limit or fine Involved. But, the State of New York is making O.S.H.A. inspections for 1972, so this will no doubt end up in an O.S.H.A. file somewhere. I believe it would be to our best Interest to file our plans to correct this matter as soon as possible. This may avoid a future problem should O.S.H.A. decide to check into this matter. att k 1 T- I, < STATION NCW YORK You ore hereby ordered to comply with the following requirements of the Labor Law and the Industrial Code Rules at the above oremises. There requirements must be comolied with IMMEDIATELY unless otherwise soecified herein. INSPECTOR FOR THE COMMISSIONER NOTE: "See" refers to section of the lobor i,0w; "Q"/ter\ to the (ndvttriof Code Rules; *t" refer* to Tide l? of ft* Officio! Compaction of Codes, Pule* and Rtgu- lotion* of the Stott of Now York. An otttritk^*" indicote* that the order it boted on requirement* of tH# Stott ftvildtng Construction Code or the standards occeptod tHorounder. fSS-?7M-7i SEE REVERSE FOR THE ADDRESSES OF THE DIVISION DIVISION OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE! p. QTnREPORT ON FIELD INVESTIGATIN'/^* /) n "VISION or INDUSTRIAL SATETY SERVCC. BUREAU OF [XlFAM | I CONSTRUCTION *"'* , iTtn: fNHsp.F,S. T> Eenadaitmsp.' 2. P. Shlcrt district i(> RM NAME D DoRrESS 1-acific Cor"ooration _ __ i. DATE Of report ). DATE OF VISIT 4. DATE OF REQUEST 10./11/.72 .S/l ilff 1J9K/AnSOAT. N9O/2. 0*/7* 1 7. y-y72 B.8.A. "PET*. Na ('V''ES'TR* A lED' 1B.Y0 load.' Tcon of Wetrstead UiOOl Ionian ii-onotte, Ind. IJyjlene En^inser REPORT 9. OFFICIALCS) INTERVIIJFnE.Dsuig)-72_____ Hr. DjL:ard Pole;jr. Office ilansccr llr. umian 2assor, 1'lcnt linjincer L'l aceor.husee with your request, toe aixrre firn ucs visited to Investigate possi'jle l.e noise resultin' froa the Joist Oysters operations, pcosiblo air coutur ir-ris re:.'lliwj froa ? & S operations, end possible exposure to excessive ostcotoj iro::i t.;o ij-iisis eperstious .,* c E I v e d 0F L,?oa I. ; t~t tps jot?;? prT>pj,~ CThi'.iTTih. tzv.vt"'} 230 Buffalo, " > ' . *P *P\/N* OCXs:072 ` / 4. one sv CCu:t.._v In t'.-j sm.-irv n? IMDUSTij, . - var.'uwa, vhich ooasures about 120' X 40* 2 (25* to JSD*;jKvif, `e'e: yiisbavtVo c:.ot cad of a Xar^e caoonry and ctccl buildics. Tlie east all Cf "Lbo-1 *: -;jj2 a .lr>v~e alidin" door, a can-dcor, end 3 opcnailo vindojs. There ere 2 ojo '::t vnLL vhich lead to toe warehouse area- The north and south walls coat.da r.o . Co:ieral cechmlcal ventilation is provided by a 30" dicnetor esdinust i.-n Is tie cast will at a height of 1C*. Additional ventilation is provided by 2 Lwt % v^) Qt. n .^irrjr *T5 dry r.is .Joint eoepound for vcldboard is prepared in a 40* X CO* area lee: is the northeast comer of the vorhrcca. T-o preeevs Involves the preparation of about sixteen 4000 poind dry nines dr the 0 hour d-y a;lift, loch els in co_;n'ised of 75/* or sore Huestone vlth civ-Oiits Ci ar.'.irst'jo rs.,",Ir>r/ from 220 to 320 pomla and idea up to diO pounds, depending on th: prcJj-.t rpccii'iod. Hinor auouais of other natnrlals oro also included. h.-ept for the liroetone which is added froa enclosed bln3, two ndsemen Ion' cth ,-r i. predients into a waist fciph 5* X 7* hopper. i*ho crysotilo asbestos, co:l.1 in l-0~bi>. bays, end the irlca, in 50 lb. '0:1.3s, arc dropped on bn" slashers in thj ^ . -1 W0 thawed, cad tic erpty paper beps reserved free) the area. A vi'A'itdr;: 1 cv-. :i tie hopper to cn enclosed conveyor. Tho hopper is providod with a ccncyy at a 1 ijit of 33" at cne end and n3" ct tho other end, end is partially eueioj-j.. r" ` ' " I be cubecspant operations, condueted in closed cystess, include a rlllou td... tv.e!:-.; :.lc .I:tors, and a St. Ecjls pacicr. The sdner and elevators ore provided '..it local e: diauct 13,'stous. _ . .. ... H-11 !U9) Ol.-wid. 1r