Document OzgQVjdN1N7Ek7kGOQbLrMwzj

ALLIED RESEARCH LABORATORIES Report of Investigations For the Month of January, 1946 M. VAN LOO irl82 - Study of Improved Mixing and Grinding Practices Ac to 450 has been used successfully to control flooding in some factory batches. Excessive flooding in Rex 157 Porch and Floor Enamel Mahogany was eliminated by adding l Acto 450 by volume to the finished paint. Smooth films were obtained with CH 5249 Freight Car Red through the same addition, where the paint previously shoved shriveled top drying. The Chicago Technical Service Department has found that with Lustral Enamels the flooding control with Ac to 450 is variable;, sometimes inproving the condition but never making it worse. Best results are ob- ' 'tblned with oxide colors, poorest with grays and variable with blues and greens. 5etter results are obtained when the Acto 450 is ground in rather than mixed in. Although 1 - Zfj Acto 450 generally did not affect the drying, gloss, or elasticity of these enamels, there have been cases where the drying has been speeded up slightly and a few cases where it has slowed the drying to some extent and lowered the elasticity. I An examination of about 40 laboratory batches of Enameloid Rex 710 which have aged from 3 to 7 months showed no consistent effect by Acto 450 on the drying, seeding, settling or viscosity. These batches contained a variety of vehicles and several types of titanium dioxides. Tlae differences in each with and without Acto 450 wore small. A production rate study was made with 2229 dry Ti02 ground in alkyd (3109) with varying percentages of thinners in the grinding liquid, and using 2% Acto 450 on the weight of the pigment. Paste consistency was kept constant by adding more pigment as the per cent N.V.M. was lowered. The production rate arose steadily from 70* N.V.M. to 5C& N.V.M and then decreased sharply due- to difficulty in getting the paste to feed through the rolls. \ \ Then calcium stearate or aluminum stearate is added to 2229 dry Ti02 ground in (3109), with or without Acto 450, the production rate is increased but the paste is more difficult to handle on the mill and is more puffy after milling. Pastes containing stearate and a low propor tion of N.V.M. are also more difficult to reduce. CV-5021,\a linseed alkyd was tried in Rex 710 Enameloid Fhite as a replacement for (3109) and (4100). Batches containing aluminum stearate calcium stearate,, and no stearate were all very seedy and undesirable, con pared with only slight seeding in the regular formula. Set-to-touch time was slightly longer with C7-5021 and hardness over night about equal to regular. -2- M. VAN LOO Cont. #148 - Examination of White Lead .. A study of the mixing and grinding properties of .various white pigments has been continued from the point reached in the November report. These are pigments which are normally used in house paints and were ground in a vehicle of 50% (2) and 40% (48) as used in SWP. A determination was made of the amount of oil required to bring each pigment to a uniform milled paste consistency of 50 Plastograph units. The pigment and nil for these pastes were mixed together in the Plastograph for 20 minutes, then mixed on the pony mixer for 20 minutes, .and finally milled on the 3-roll Kent mill. Plastograph and Brookfield Viscosimeter measurements mere made at each step. From the Brookfield measurements the plastic viscosity, yield value, and thixotropy were determined. In the following table the oil absorption values mere determined by the standard rub-out method and were assumed to give the amount of "bound" oil of the total oil in the paste. billed Pastes of Kqnwl Plasticity Pigment -OsCsifj -rOHH PH< -tQo 1-4 j too oO 4 rH Peak Plasticity 20 Kin. Pony Milled o O -P rH C >1 H M O *cHu rH c3 o raH e-i o i* c C <D oe H CC g,n. o ra H xi a <o rH O H C O rH oo -ajf rH <U \ rH SC OH *CH. o fU<aD rOHaS ras \o rH -OH + roHH 0 u0 .t.s rCH o-4) fa Or Ex t- Sublimed' .. B.S.W.L, 550 1020 265 180 50 \ 123.2 66.5 56.7 34.1 1.35 \ S-W QP B.C.W.L. 662 700 163 127 54 \ 109.0 51.9 57.1 37.6 2.10 Dutch Boy Dutch B.C.W.L. 665 680 190 81 47 108.0 49.8 58.2 38.8 2.16 Butch Boy HTS B.C.W.L. 65.0 525 162 112 46 111.0 47.6 63.4 42.9 2.33 Dutch Boy 111 B.C.W.L. 388 1100 + 225 153 50 185.5 75.0 110.0 62.8 2.33 Ozlo 412 Leaded Zinc 500 1100 + 262 80 47 123.5 65.0 53.5 35.5 1.89 Cont 0007-SWP-000018S76 -3- #148 - Cont. M. VAN LOO Cont. Milled Pastes of Equal Plasticity Pigment a <su O HQJ3 W* *3 Plasticity' ci O 5 S Peak 20 Kin. Pony Milled oo o\' 1CBMD3 O *H iHd H >C --oHp.a hBH*O 8 3 Od Hg ^ oo a Si OH 0H. 0) &sCD *9 5 Orl &CD atHo. H M JaO O -a! r*doj rl o Anatase Ti02 Titanox A 127 240 68 65 51 525.0 127.1 197.9 87.0 2.55 Rutile Ti02 R-200 1S1 520 128 73 50 380.0 120.5 259.5 117.5 3.15 Magnesium Silicate 190 130 55 47 50 159.5 63.5 96.0 58.7 2.50 Zinc Oxide | XX 50 316 745 255 118 50 188.6 86.5 102.1 54.8 2.18 Zinc Oxide XX 503 426 760 270 183 50 140.0 63.2 76.8 46.6 2.21 Zinc Oxide ZZZ 33 290 1100 + 335 295 52 209.0 100.0 109.0 54.5 2.09 20 Minute Mix Pony Mix Milled Pigment Yield Plastic Thixo- Yield Plastic Ihixo- Yield Plastic ThixoValue Vise. tropy Value Vise, tropy Value Vise, troov Sublimed B.S.W.L. 24.0 93 24 24.0 76 14 15.0 21 4 S-W QP ECFIL 20.0 52 64 19.0 58 6 10.0 28 Dutch Boy Dutch B.C.W.L. 23.5 62 13 11.0 38 4 3.5 25 1 0 Dutch Boy HTS B.C.I7.L. 23.5 57 7 16.5 48 2 4.5 22 1 0007-SWP-000018677 -4- #149 - Cont. M. VAN LOO Cont. 20 Minute Mix Pony rJix Milled Piernent Yield Plastic Thixo Yield Plastic Thixo- Yield Plastic Thixo Value Vise. tropy Value Vise, tropy Value Vise. tropy Dutch Boy 111 2d .5 75 39 14.0 49 5 9.5 20 1 Ozlo 412 Leaded Zinc 37.5 134 33 15.0 57 4 9.5 22 2 Anatase Ti02 Titanox A 14.0 " 37 5 18.0 36 9 19.0 28 o Rutile Ti02 -200 25.0 55 2 22.0 33 6 19.5 21 7 Magnesium Silicate 8.0 22 3 7.0 18 1 10.0 21 2 Zinc Oxide XX 50 3o.O 110 40 -w -- -- 8.0 22 1 Zinc Oxide XX 503 15.0 * 150 27 14.0 74 6 9.5 19 3 Zinc Oxide ZZZ 35 36.5 152 44 39.0 103 18 12.0 26 6 The plastic viscosity values of the milled pastes as determined by the Brookfield viscosimeter ere near a common value of 24, compared with a common Brabender plasticity value of 50. With the leaded pigments and zinc oxides the yield value and thixotropy decrease with increasing dispersion^ As a final step in this study we intend to prepare multiple pigment pastes to determine whether or not the properties of the individ ual pigments may be used to predict the properties of the combinations. Paints were prepared f or exposure studies of pigment combina tions in the proposed National Lead Company's ready mixed house paints. The principal purpose is to compare the durability of 412 co-fuoed leaded zinc with mechanical mixtures of Azo ZZZ-33 and XX-503 zinc oxides with National Lead's HTS end 111 lead carbonates and acicular basic sulfate and Eagle-Picher1 s sublimed lead sulfate. The0 exposures will be selfprimed and over SR? 450 Undercoater and Titanium Pigment Corporation's MW-401 Primer (zincless). 0007-SWP-000018678 -5- H. VAN LOO Coni. #148 - Cont. L.I.A. Adhesion Studies Attempts are being made to develop a laboratory method for determining quantitatively the adhesion of house paints to the rood sur face on which they are applied. Briefly, the procedure being investiga ted consists of gluing 1/2" x 1/2" end grain wooden blocks to the paint by means of a rater dispersed urea formaldehyde glue (Weldwood). After the glue has hardened the block is fitted with a screw eye by means of which a container is hung on the block. The container is weighted pro gressively with the force being applied normal to the painted surface and the weight required to separate the paint from the base surface determined. Results to date are only partly satisfactory due to the fact that it has not been possible to get complete separation of the paint film from the wood surface even at forces of 300-350 pounds per sq. in. After this technique has been perfected it will be used to evaluate the adhesion of a series of paints, containing various amounts of white lead as the only variable, which have been subjected to exposure-on the blister ing cabinet and the blisters allowed to collapse to regain their original adhesion. #177 - Pigment Studies Work is being resumed on the study of white pigment opacity factors. The general approach will follow the basic outline given in the Report of Investigations for February, 1944. Preliminary studies were reported in March and July,. 1944. Since that time several minor changes have been made in the technique to be used. In the calculation of contrast ratio as based on reflectance "over black" and "over white" it is deemed advisable to use the reflect ance "over white" for the greatest film thickness as the "over white" factor in all determinations of contrast ratio. A second change, will be made to report the opacity factors as sq.ft./lb. at contrast ratios of 91, 93, 95, 97 and 98. After data has been collected for all of the pigments the selection will be made as to which CR group should be used as the opacity factors for this new index. Chart follows. 0007-SWP-000018679 -6- M. VAN LOO Cont. #17? - Cont. Paint Type I - House Paint - Single pigments plus extender formulated to 13,000 Holley units. P.V.C. constant at 365$ by addition of 20 F magnesium silicate. To date the follow ing determinations have been made. Dry No. % Opacity - So.Ft./Lb. Brightness 91;$ CR 93?$ CR 955$ CR 97-5 CR 98> CR s Basic Sulfate Phite Lead 33.8 21.7 19.0 (16.2) 12.7 (10.0) 18 Easic Carbonate Phite Lead ** 412 35/65 Leaded Zinc 36.9 77.8 27.9 50.5 23.8 44.3 19.7 37.2 14.7 30.3 (11.3) (26.2) * 1271 Anatase Titanium Calcium 39.3 100 87.4 73.3 45.5 (53.6) * 1405 Free Chalking Anatase Ti02 88.4 238 214 185 141 118 2050 Semi-nonchalking Anatase Ti02 88.2 244 217 190 155 135 0 2031 Non-chalking Rutile Ti02 "A-NC" or "0" 85.8 192 157 135 103 90 ** Hiding values have been double checked. * Hiding values have been checked once. No check tests have been made. Vi \ ( ) These values are determined by extrapolation. Use of 414 Dry As an emergency it has been found that leaded zinc 43.4 dry run through the Raymond min at R7 set or through the Mikro-Atomizer can be used in SUP tints'*by replacing 412 on a zinc oxide basis. It may also be used in Rex 450 as the total zinc oxide replacement without too serious results. For Rex 471 SUP Gloss Uhite the replacement should be limited to 50% of the zinc oxide with the balance being introduced as a lead-free _ zinc oxide. By this means the resultant color is similar to a batch made with all 412 dry as the zinc oxide pigment. 0007-SWP-000018680 -7- K. VAH LOO Cent.__ ,417? - Cont. Titanium Calcium Replacement Frequently it is suggested that pure Ti02 plus some special extender be substituted for one of the titanium calcium pigments. The most recent suggestion stated, "To obtain a comparable pigment combina tion tos - 100# Titanox RC HT use 30# Ti Pure R 110 plus 68# Atomite or Lesamite." Then this substitution was made in Rex 210 Semi-Lustre Tfoite, replacing 475# of Titanox R0 HT, it was found that the mixture was about 5% deficient in hiding at a raw material cost increase of '>2.65 per 100 gallons. #97 - 5KP 471 Further work is being done to determine the effect of metal drier concentrations on the kauri reduction values of the vehicle in SWP Gloss TJhite formula of 10-4-45, fresh and aged in the paint. This work is patterned after that done by the Bureau of Standards and is a recheck on similar work done here a year ago. There is considerable question as to the validity of selection of drier ratios based on kauri reduction values for the paint vehicle. However, it is hoped that an optimum drier combination may be selected to give good drying and maximum retention of elasticity during the life of the film. The variations include the regular drier concentrations and er metal contents as follows: Paint Ho. % Pb % r*t 1, Co 0J 626 J 0J S27 J 0J 628 J 01 629 J 0J 630 J 0J 631 J 0J 652 J 0J 633 J 0J 634 J 0J 635 J 0J 636 J 0J *637 J 0J 638 2 0J 639 J OJ 640 J OJ 641 J OJ 642 J 0.344 0.344 0.173 0.173 0.344 0.173 0.690 -- 0.690 0.690 0.344 0.344 0.344 0.173 0.173 0.014 0.014 V 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.014 0.027 0.027 0.014 0.027 0.014 0.014 0.30)7 0.007 mm -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.009 0.020 0,00? 0.020 0QQ7-SWP-000018681 -8- a. VAN LOO Cont. #97 - Cont. The grinding of all paints involved in the 1946 cooperative exposure series with Titanium Pigment Corporation has been completed. Exhibits 7/ere prepared for a discussion of advertising claims for SIT made in Good Housekeeping Magazine. Hr. Henderson, of the Good Housekeeping Institute appeared on January 51 and a satisfactory dis cussion ensued. Exposure panels prepared during the month include: 1. Extender Studies. 10351-60 C and F. Loomis Talc 20 I, Witco Chemi cal Asbestol Filler, Stanley Doggett Talc #162, Sierra Talc Fibrene C, Kennedy T.'arm Springs Tele. 10364-10366 C and F. 20 L, Metronite BXXXX and liicronite. 2. Titanium Conservation. 10376-10383 C, S and N. STCP 450 Undercoater with 85# 2173 Ti02 and SWF Gloss White with 110# 1403 TiOa. Also XX-503 zinc oxide plus lead carbonate to replace 412 leaded zinc. Reports were prepared on exposures non concluded or in progress, as follows: 1. Final report*4975-99 C, Cof. 42 months Chicago and Coffeyville. Tests of leading competitive house paints of 1940 applied as per label instructions. The S-W two coat 450-471 system gave the best over-all performance, Kith the exception of Benjamin Moore, the systems employing special undercoaters were superior to those recommended for application self-primed. Pittsburgh's and Ward's Super are the only items which, both in white and tint, are essentially equal to SEP at 3-1/2 years in the qualities of durability and appearance. Pratt and Lambert Cream looks good, but has the advantage of deeper shade. Devoe's is good except for erosion at Chicago. The self-primed sys tems, du Pont's, Patterson-Sargent' s>and I|innesota Linseed's, are definitely inferior. Probably poorest of the special-primed systems is Benjamin Moore's. This leaves the following for brief mention: Pratt and Lambert White, fair (serious failure, but normal in type and degree); Glidden's system, slightly less than fair; Sears', slightly better than fair; Ward's First Quality, fair; Ward's Coverall, definitely inferior. Photographs were made to record the final appear ance of the panels. 0007-SWP-000018682 -9- M. VAN LOO Cont. #97 - Coat. 2. final Report 4100-5 Cl, CO. 52 months Chicago. To compare durability of paints applied indoors and outdoors at 53, with temperatures below freezing before thoroughly dry, using Cold T/eather Reducers with V-U075 and ARV-1830 based on (2945)SA-B. The special reducers help in the application of more reasonable film thicknesses at low tempera tures and set up the films faster to resist damage by rain, snow or frost. Differences in durability were not large or consistent. Our current oil conservation house paints dry faster and more thoroughly and therefore the need of Cold Feather Reducer has decreased-. 3. Progress Report 8121-32 F, C. 18 months Florida and Chicago. Studies of bodied oils of varying acid values in SfifP vehicle. Acid values from 2 to 22 added in varying amounts. No significant differ ences to date. 4. Final Report 4913-27 F, C. 4 years Florida, 5 years Chicago. Sub stitutions of snecifJ. oils in the 1940 SLP Gloss White. Kastolene - Dehydrated Castor Oil - Archer-Daniels-'iidlajad Company ADM (418) - Bar: Soybean Oil - Archer-Daniels Midland Company P5xL - Extracted Soybean Oil - Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company (5091) * - Treated Linseed - S-W regular. ARV-1379 - Castor-Soya P.E. Ester - S-VT experimental. AFtV-1931 and 1984 - Soya P.E. Esters - S-17 experimental. ARV-?1937, 1988 and 1999 - Linseed P.E. Esters - S-W experimental. The various P.E. esters seem clearly superior to the processed oils in resistance to checking end cracking. Outstandingly bad in cracking are straight (5091), 40/60$ Kastolene/ADM (418) and Kastolene/ ADM (418)/(509l). AR7-1984 is the only P.E. special which seems below the average of its group; Kastolene (as used clone) is the only pro cessed oil which seoms above average in its group. Certain specials in which mica was introduced resisted cracking very effectively. 5. Final Report 5200-29 C, CY. 57 months Chicago. Notional house paint series. The comparisons of the SRP 450-471 system with the New Jersey two coat Cryptone MS-130 system are of special interest. The N.J.Z. primer was pigmented with 85/15 Crrotone LIS 130-35/65 leaded zinc and the top coat 70/30 Cryptone US-lSO/leaded zinc. The SEP' system is in good, condition at nearly 5 years' exposure, while the N.J.Z. system, even on cedar, is badly eroded, in most cases clear to the wood. N.J.Z. primer under Rex 471 allows some erosion and cracking, and, while perhaps slightly better than Rex 450-N.J.Z. top coat, is definitely inferior to the regular SV7P system. The same thing shows up in the tints, much more serious erosion and fading with N.J.Z. In this case, Rex 450-N.J.Z. top coat seems especially 0007-SWP-000018683 -10- #97 -Coat, M. VAN LOO Cont. poor and N.J.3. primer-Re:: 462 relatively good. Three coat, jobs of Pax 450-450-471 vs. Rex 450-471-471 are both good, cannot be dis tinguished. 6. Final report 6107-10 G, Cof. 45 months Chicago, 39 months Coffeyville. Two coats, self-primed. Rex 500 Family Paint T.hite of 6-5-41, ruth 56fi lithopone, 19^ 1526 leaded zinc and 13.5;o 2140 Titanox IRC is tested against a special with no lithopone, 25;i 1526 and 24.55$ 2140. Asbes tine content in both is normal at about 35''. In Rex 520 Ivory, the regular of 6-9-41 contains 575$ 1526 and 21.55$ each of asbestine and limestone, while the special contains no lead-zinc but 5S 2140, 40,o asbestine and 7? mica. The Chicago panels ore badly mildewed, while the Coffeyville tests are relatively clean. The 2140 type is much dirtier, except tho.t the white at Coffeyville is essentially ns clean as the guide. However, tho failure, both erosion and checkcraek-flnlae, is much worse on the lithopone type. There is no worth while advantage in tint-retention due to this change, c.s excessive 2140 results in a heavy adherent chalk-mask. The milder growth seems inversely proportional to the zinc oxide content, as apparently there was little chance for the gradual chalking which usually in .Its mildew. 7. Final Report 3042-3 C, CY. 58 mouths Chicago. The panels compare the 1939 S-U two coat system using 450 Undercoater which then contained no Celite, and the Devoe system with their zincless #239 Undercoater. On cedar, the Devoe primed system is slightly less eroded and less inclined to flake than Rax 450, Erosion is tho naan defect, and the SRP system has gone beyond the acceptable stage of appearance, while tho Devoe-primed system is barely acceptable. The yellow pine board, which seems good and sound, does not show this difference, hence we conclude that the two systems are roughly equivalent. 8. Progress F.eport 8067-70 F, FI. 1 year Florida. Substitution of a mineralpyrophylli te Pyrax HP from R. T. Vanderbilt for 20 L in Rex 471 and Family Paint. Pyrax HP shows more chalking, better appearance and less checking. Differences are small at Chicago at 17 months. Pyrax HP is more difficult to grind than 20 L. Spray Painting with SIP \ The difficulty of obtaining a continuous film over cracked wood or paint constitutes a major obstacle in developing a house paint formu lation suitable for spray application. Humorous wetting agents have been investigated in cn attempt to cause the paint to flow into the* crevices. Only partial success has been obtained along these lines to date and then 0007-SWP-000018684 -11- #97 - Cont. H. VAN LOO Cont. usually only with. the application of an excessively heavy coat. It is believed that the use of a spray gun designed for this type of application could give better results than the suction type gun now being used. #164 - heformulation Studies of House Prints to Reduce Dirt Collection Further confirmation of the idea described in the December report that rutile titanium dioxide may cause a yellow discoloration in the chalk on white house paints has developed in TTeather-Ometer tests non exposed for 710 hours. The chalk on SV7? Gloss Hhite samples carrying R-200 Ii02 shows a yellow cast, chile the paints with cnatase 1403 Ti02 do not show this fault. The attention of formulators is called to the talks now being given by the New Jersey Zinc Company before the Produc tion Clubs, in which it is stated that in their survey of house paints the paint exposures employing rutile titanium oxides are showing a yellow to brownish discoloration. Exposure panels 10351-3 C, F were prepared to check the durabil ity of Titanox RCKT-X compared with RCHT in Family Paint. It v;as also used in combination with anata.se titanium calcium. A progress report was issued after six months' Florida exposures of a series of smcless <*no lecd--less paints. The pigmentstions include 2140 Titanox RC, 2132 Titanox RCHT, 1271 Ti-Cal, 2173 Ti-Pure R-200 and 2174 Ti-Pure R-S10 in conjunction with asbestine and Alsibrons #19 mica. P.V.C.'s range from 53$ to 36.6$, and certain formulas are used with the addition of about. 7$ of sodium silicofluoride and/or Dowicide 6 as mildewresisting agents. The guide is Rex 471 of 1-22-43, using 2173 titanium; minor tests are nr.de of a special tint base using 2174 and jaica. These tests, except 1271 and 2173, shov; very bad mildew in spite of comparatively free chalking. The special agents showr no,effect except where both are used, still not satisfactory. There is, als\> considerable checking and cracking; 1271 and 2175 (quite free of mildew) are worst in this respect, while 2140 and 2132 (worst in mildew) show it only very slightly. The guides show no failure and only slight dirt. The special tint base seems inferior in color and dirt collection. Chicago panels at 12 months are much better, as there is no failure or mildew. 2140, being dirtiest, rates poorest, 2132 slightly better and 1271 and 2175 quite good. \ 0007-SWP-000Q18685 -12- M. VAN LOO Cont. :^77 - Mildew Inhibitors Laboratory evaluation of fungicides for exterior paints is being resumed. Various agents which have been placed on exterior expo sure in recent years tall be tested in SEP by laboratory procedure. A sample of phenyl mercuric naphthenate (36$ Hg) from F. W. Berk and Company has been received for test in exterior house paint formulations.. Paints have been prepared for exposure using this agent and CE (211.9) phenyl mer curic naphthenate (Nuocide 321) supplied by Nuodex, in concentrations equivalent to 0.04$ Hg based on the total paint solids. The two agents have also been introduced at 0.02$ Hg in SEP 450 tJndercoater. panels 10367-9 C, F have been prepared for exposure in Florida and Chicago comparing cuprous oxide and copper homophthalate in Rex 54 Bam Paint of March 10, 1942. #12 - Exterior Primers Exposures 3014-17 CD, CY were examined after 5 year's* exposure, vertical south, at Chicago, with Douglas fir and yellow pine siding being used. The following systems are tested: Rex 450 Undercoater-Rex 450Pnx 471 doss Ehite; Aluminum Primer-Rex 450-Rex 471 Gloss Ehite (AlcoaLowa Bros, formula); Rex 450-Rex 471. The 2-coat work is nearly eroded to the wood. The 3-coat jobs are roughly equivalent; a slight advantage on the part of aluminum in resistance to oracling end erosion is at least counteracted by the dark "show-through." A careful cross-check of the several samples of each kind of wood shows no evidence for the supposed superiority of aluminum on resinous woods. Panels 10370-2 C, F were prepared for exposure comparing Celite 110, Celite 281 and Dicclite L in ST? 450 Undercoater. #162 - Studies in Flat Call Paint FormlatfnnV Due to the shortage of Dehydrol and titanium pigments, work has l?een instituted to develop a formula for Flat-Tone based on liwhopone and Ji02. In the vehicle, regular Dehydrol (3380)E was replaced by a linseed C3880)e (CV 7014).. As a second variation a combination of CV 5021 (linseed alkyd) call CD (1996), Linogel, was used for the vehicle solids. 0007-SWP-000018686 -15- ls. VAN LOO Pont. #162 - Cont. The special formulations referred to above were found satis factory for brushing, flow, drying and uniformity of tint and sheen. Hovover, from the standpoint cf washability over glue size, the alkydLinogol vehicle was rated poor end the linseed (3830)E only fair as com pared with regular (5880)E. Rashability Test over Glue Size Batch Rex 810 Formula Pianent Vehicle Number of rubs required to break the film OJ 60S J Formula 2152 dry Regular (3880)E No break at 200 rubs; 8-28-45 (Dohydrol) very good. OJ 668 J Special 1403 dry CVR 437 - (3880)E 461 L based on linseed 125 rubs - fair. OJ 669 J Special 1403 dry CVR 5021 461 L CU (1996) 75 rubs - poor. The various formulations that have been developed based on lithopone and pure titanium dioxide, are all higher in cost than the regular formula based on all rutile titanium crlcium. Cost and hiding relationship on experimental formulas are as follows: Batch FI at-Tone OJ 606 J Formula 8-28-45 OJ 584 JJ Special OJ 647 J ir OJ G60 J nv \ Hiding P lament 495# 2132 dry 495# 2132 dry 495# 2132 dry 750# 461 L 50# 2173 Vehicle Regular (3880)E (Dehydrol) \ CV 5*821 CW (1996) Linseed (3880)E CVR 437 CV 5021 CTii (1996) Hiding Cost 18,315 071.63 18,315 72.31 18,215 75.87 18,275 86.24 (Cont.) 0007-SWP-000018687 -14- M. VAN LOO Cont. #162 - Cont. Batch Flat-Tone Hiding Pigment Vehicle Hiding Cost OJ 646 J Special OJ 663 J If OJ 669 J n 750# 461 L 50# 2175 - 350# 461 L 190# 1403 550# 461 L 190# 1403 Linseed (3B80) CVR 457 n 18,275 888.46 18,345 91.09 CV 5021 CW (1996) 18,345 87.31 From the above data it is quite evident that rutile titanium cal cium is the most desirable pigmentation to use based on hiding units per dollar, and (3830)E, Dehydrol formula, is superior to the linseed (3880)E or the rllcyd-Linogel vehicle in uniformity of tint and- washability over glue size. In addition to the tentative formulations for Flat-Tone Hhite, a number of panel exhibits and net samples of the following materials were supplied for the Trade Sales meeting held in Cleveland the last part of January. Proposed Flat-Tone Rhite Rex 810 - batch 0J 618 J. Present Flat-Tone Rhite Rex 810 - batch OJ 608 J. Proposed One Coat Flat #10 Rex 65310 OJ 198 J. Present One Coat Flat #10 Rax S5310 " OJ 620 J. The four flats compare as follows for hiding and cost: Cost Hiding Units V/P CDH 1. Flat-Tone YJhita - OJ 606 J 071*44 .2 Proposed Flat-Tone Rhite, batch OJ 613 J 8^.41 >. 3. Paintercraft One Coat Flat #10, OJ 620 J 79.36 18,315 22,400 21,090 .83 .82 4. Proposed One Coat Flat #10, J 198 J 92.77 27,950 .73 Three experimental reducing varnishes were submitted by the Varnish Research Division for evaluation in the formulation of a Painter - craft Universal Paste .for reduction for use as a flat, semi-gloss or gloss wall paints, wall primer and sealer and enamel undercoater* The varnishes include: 00Q7-SWP-000018688 i/. .V -15- M. VAN LOO Cont. #162 - Cont. CVR 433 - A 22 gallon glycerol-naleic-resin linseed varnish, 80 solids. CVR 434 - Similar to CVR 435. CVR 438 - A 25 gallon Pentslyn A - Dehydrol Varnish. Based on the work to date, it appears that a universal paste can he fornulated to serve the purposes outlined above. CVR 433 shores the greatest pronise as the reducing varnish. T/ork continues. Seni-Lustre In connection with the establishment of a new specification for kerosene, a number of tests have been made in the Seni-Lustre formic to determine the effect on sheen when Deodorized Apco 467 (Commerce Petroleua Company) and >#8230 Regular Base #1 (Shell Oil Co.) r.re used. The above thinners were fractionated in a manner similar to earlier tests conducted with (3020). The two thinners and their various fractions were then introduced for the volatile content of the SemiLustre formula dated 9-5-44. This formula is based on (5848) and has always shown variations in sheen based on the thinner used. In general, the above thinners behaved very sinilar to (3020) with respect to the degree of sheen when used 1005# in the Seni-Liistre formulation. As in the case with (3020), the highest sheen was obtained with the lowest boiling fractions and the lowest sheen with the higher boiling fractions. The Kauri-Butanol values for the above thinners and their fractions are very close in value and do not show any relr tionship with the variations in sheen obtained with the various fractions. Based on the limited work done with (3020), Apco 467 and Shell's Pc.se No, 1, there does not appear to be cpy particular advantage in having a thinner in the kerosene range, with a Kauri-Butanol value as high as that of (5020). From the standpoint of sheen the Seni-Lustre batches nade with unfractionated (3020) and (141) were equally low, with' Apco 467 and ell's Base #1, in the above order, resulting in slightly less sheen, #105 - Metal Protective Paints \ The most favorable environment in which to produce filiform corrosion has been found to be the air over l acetic acid solution at roon temperature. There oust be a free access of fresh air to the 0007-SWP-Q00018689 vi. -16- il. VAN .LOO Cont. i^lQg - Cont. panels but there should be enough confinement so that the resistive humid ity mey reach approximately 75$. Under these conditions filiform corro sion vri.ll appear after 10 days' exposure and continue to develop for several weeks. Samples of such corrosion have been produced wherein the length of the rust furrow is one inch long. Following the establishment of these accelerated conditions required for the production of filiform corrosion a study will be made to formulate coatings which 7,rill resist this type of corrosion. An expanded study of the vehicle for Kromik Primer beyond that reported last month was started. Using regular Kromik vehicle as a guide, Dehydrol (2325) was substituted for (48), (43) was substituted for the (2841)G, thus eliminating the resin, (48) and (2841)G were replaced with (2325), a tung-ester gun varnish was substituted for (2841)G, (797) was used in place of (2841)G, and a tung-phenolic varnish (Lin-X) was used in place of (284l)G. Panels have been prepared and are ready for exposure. A report was received during the month from Newark Technical Service with regard to the testing of several marine primers which were recommended to the Federal Shipyard and Dry Dock Company for comparison purposes. The recommendations made include Lead Industries Association's Pigment J in a cumar-phenolic vehicle, pigment J in (29S6)H and the cur rent Kromik pigmentation in the vehicle of Rex 46514. All these are in excellent condition while the U. S. Navy Zinc Chromate Specification Primer has failed rather badly. A group of panels was prepared during the month for the purpose of investigating the ability of Kromik Primer to adequately wain of re coating when the finish coat has eroded, as suggested by the New Jersey Zinc Company. This is largely a matter of color contrast. The 'ietalastic colors were included in the group in order to determine the degree of con trast which will appear when the top coat erodes to the primer. The panels will be exposed in the Tfenther-Oneter where .chalking and erosion failures are quite rapid. Both spray and brush Applications are being tested. A device for the testing of chemical resistance of coatings was constructed, based upon suggestions received from the Arco Company. A cotton string soaked with the chemical solution to be tested is drawn over a painted panel at a constant speed. Several weights press the string to the panel at various points. The test is conducted by with drawing these weights at regular intervals and observing the progressive breakdown of the paint due to the action of the chemical in the string. The method shows considerable promise, particularly in that the' results are more objective than those obtained ty more conventional methods. 0007-SWP-000018690 -17- M. VAN LOO Cont. #105 - Cont. Initiated by an interview with a representative of Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation, a group of Vinylite Organosol coatings has been formulated. These will be compared to the solution type Vinylite coatings as well as other promising materials in connection with the cur rent study of chemical resistant coatings. A zinc chromate-Vinylite primer is also being considered. A research bulletin covering the development of the current Kromik Primer formula was written and will be distributed shortly. Supplementing previous tests conducted with powdered Acrn.wax, a"sample of atomised Acrawax was used with a phenolic-olkyd (5110), -Kromik Rex 16174, and current Lin-X at the rate of 0.355 by weight of the 1I.V.M. in the vehicle. The atomized Acrawax did show considerable advantage in the (3110) as far as salt spray resistance was concerned. However, in Kronik and Lin-X this advantage was very slight. To show just what effect film thickness has on outdoor exposure, a set of panels was prepared to approximate spreading rates of 00, 500, 800, and i000 sq.ft./gal- for Kronik Primer, These films were carefully measured by weighing. Those panels will be exposed at the Chicago farm. #185 - Pretrc of Total Surfaces for Painting A11 evaluation of "Pi B,; a "liquid insulation" agent supplied by U. S. Industrial Chemicals, Inc. has shown that it cannot ba safely used with pair.u systems. This agent shored a slight inhibition to rusting when compared tc untreated uncoated steel, but under one coat and two coat pain 04V S serious blistering was encountered. There was no improve ment in rust control when the "Pi 3" was used as a pretreating agent. Salt spray, salt immersion and tap water immersion tests were conducted. The validity of the water film-break test for cleanliness of steel test panels was questioP-j'in recent- Subcommittee VII A.S.T.h. dis cussions. To determine the validity of this test, panels were cleaned with solvent spray to which varying proportions of lubricating oil and wetting agent Nacconol KS5F had been added. It was observed that if a relatively large quantity of wetting agent was present an oily panel would support a water film break-free. This quantity of wetting agent mas clearly visible and greatly exceeded the quantity which would ordinarily be eniountered on stock panels. 0007-SWP-000018691 -13- M. VAN LOO Cont. //155 - Cont. However, it was felt that a panel cleaned by the solvent spray method night carry a trace of oil in spite of its ability to support a water film break-free. Using an alkali cleaned panel as a guide, an attempt was made to photograph these panels in ultraviolet light. This technique is based upon the fluorescence of mineral oils in ultraviolet light, /wfter considerable experimentation it was found that this method would detect only easily visible amounts of oil. In connection with our panel preparation study it v;as noted tint one side of a panel supported a water film break-free more readily then the other. A close examination of the surface of .^he panels* showed that one side of the panel was rougher than the other. The rough side consisted of sharper contours whereas the smoother side showed more flatted elevations. A series of tests were conducted which gave the following results; Hough faces supported a break-free water film with-difficulty, showed low resistance to skid, and allowed a steady skid. Smooth faces supported a break-free water film readily, showed higher skid resistance, and allowed a less steady skid. Skid qualities were measured by drawing a cloth across the face of the panel and observing the amount of force required to do same. Then panels were finished with KrorJLk Primer and submitted to salt spray test it was noted that the smooth faces failed slightly more rapidly than the rough faces. A similar set using 52P18, Navy Zinc Chromate Primer showed no differences between rough cud smooth faces,. In conjunction with the water film tests a group of panels has been prepared for adhesion tests, comparing the efficiency of cer tain cleaning methods. YJe will also comare the effects of a 300 F. heat after cleaning with room temperature drying. No work was done on the . following ^projects; #165 - One Coat House Paint #178 - Studies of Dark Colored House Paints #160 - Painting of Bricks #112 - Fire Retardant Prints 0007-SWP-000018692