Document OzbNKp0nYnjaGj7QE0wm2zXXe

i-i^T v-i FACTS TW* (* iMatil monthly ti mrmbcr compani** ami trade n.xnrtntinn* afflliatril with Air llvcien* Kotinilntlrtn. 11* imriHise ht m rennrt Koumliition new* ami Acttvttxn. Air llycii-n* Foundation I* a nartncrrlilp of Induxtrr and -i teitner orsam*el to ttrotert the health of th ii million a nrUmcn in heavy industry. 1J Ap*vrwi*l,'/13._4-0 ./ V Audit Your SI el; Absenteeism Cut Losses Ho. 4 Member companies are writing almost daily saying they will take part in the Four.i'.tioa'a study of "Sick Absenteeism in Industry," a study which promises to save participating companies considerable suns of money. Company participation simply in volves the beeping of lost tine records. See the Foundation's recent absenteeism re* .rt for details. Please return the coupon on the back page, if you haven't already ..*.ns so. L!ore details later as to forms, procedures, etc. Incidentally, this study is receiving national attention in the daily and trade press. Two metropolitan newsp-.pers have written editorials commenting favorably on the undertaking. New York -Tif.os carried a half-column article. Ask Questions on Fmoloyee Health Remember, Air Hygiene Foundation is concerned with every aspect of industrial hf:;ith, whether it be chemical hygiene, dust or skin diseases. This is shown by the r\r. *0 of literature covered in your attached copy of the monthly "Digest of Industrlwl Hygiene." The chemical age has brought new volatile solvents into industry at i rapid rate. Still, there is yet to be found a material that can't be handled safe ly with proper precautions. A wealth of data and experience is being accumulated by the Foundation and rich facilities are available to the Foundation at its headquart-* ere in Mellon Institute. Ask us your questions on all phases of employee health. Monthly Index of Digest Inaugurated Starting with this issue of the monthly "Digest of Industrial Hygiene," the Foundation is including an index for each issue. This will be found on the.last pn/*c. At the end of the year a "master" index will be compiled covering the full. ' >*!?. Meanwhile, as time permits, work is progressing on an index for past years, 197.7-39. ?.*e hope to have this completed by mid-sumer. The index accompanying each monthly Digest, es well as the rmn-i indexes, will make the material more readily av.'.ilablo and therefore more valuable to members. Do You Y/ant the Digest Punched for Loose-Leaf Filing? An alort member writes: "ffe have been enjoying our copies..'..Why hot' have this . aluablo data prepared in such form that there would be a left-hand margin punched .. fcith three holes so that the recipient could retain the pages in a permanent binder?" This mentor Till receive the Digest in that form. Any others desiring the punch.holes -- r.'-.y hivo them by letting, us know. Some companies clip up the abstracts for filing. Able Industrial Hvcienist Available An able industrial hygienist, a Ph.D. now associated with one of ths Foundatl.r.'s luading companies, would consider changing bi3 connection. He has wide exp',rit*r.ce in this field, is in his ecrly 30's and can be recommended without hesitati.-n. Further information is available through the Foundation. .Pennies for prevention save dollars worth of cure.... "* "OVNOAtlC* 4tfOO rtrrm AVINUC TC37 *tTtsauAOM. April, 1940 Air Hygiene Foundation 4400 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa, DIGEST OF INDUSTrlAL !rTOIENB Literature--News-Developments News Itens 268. " Lighting sad Air-Conditioning Improve Draftsman*s Efficiency. Occupational Hazards, , Si ;March, 1940}. Last cursor, tho Detroit Edison Coupany, Detroit, Michigan, checked the output of its draftsmen and found they were getting out 8900 "work units" in 5008 man hours. Meanwhile, the draftsmen moved into a new windorlecs building complete ly air-conditioned and illuminated electrically with 50 foct-cendles at the drafting table top. This year, thanks to the conditioning and lighting, tha draftsmen required only 5872 man-hours to do 10,474 work units -- a 51.4 per cent increase in efficiency. No longer does work become smudged by hot sticky fingers;- no longer do the tired eyes of tired men bring about time-consuming errors. 269. . All Ohio Safety Congress. Tho eleventh an-u-i session of the All Ohio Safety Congress and Exhibit will be held April 16, 17 and 18, 1940 at the Dechler VTallick Hotel, Columbus. Among tho many speakers listed on the tentative program will be: Dr. R.L. Johnson, Inland Mfg. Div., General Motors Corp., -- "Medical Department's Place in Industry." Miss Morion Page, R.N., Gardner Richardson Co., -- "Industrial Nursing." Dr. L.L. Pravcr -- "Industrial Dermatoses as Related to the Oil Industry." -- E.I. S7cns, Chief Actuary, Industrial Commission of Ohio -- "Employers' Workmen1 s-Compensation Responsibility." C.B. Young, Ohio State Dept, of Health -- "Occupational Health Hazards in tha Printing Industry." ...................... - W.T. Cameron, U.S. Dept, of Labor -- "Dust Control in Foundries." ' --- C.A. Saucker, Ohio Dept, of Health -- "Toxic Materials and their Uses in the Dry Cleaning Industry." Dr. S.D. Smith -- "Occupational Diseases Occurring in Ohio."................ *~ J.J. Bloomfield, U.S. Public Health Service -- "Control of Occupational ' Disease Hazards." - 270. finnnr.\ Mooting of the American Ceramic Society, Toronto, Canada, April 7-15, 1940. Tho General Session on Toxicology will present a number of interesting speakers: T.C. Waters -- "Resent Legislation on Occupational Diseases." E. Poitovin -- "Undesirable Visitors in the Human Lungs." L.T. Foirkall -- "Relative Toxicity of Load and Some of Its Common Compounds." M.F. Trice -- "Health of Brick and Tile Workers in North Carolina." - A.D. Brandt -- "Engineering Control of Dust with Special Rofcrcnco to Respirators." 0237$ VM r I_ I flight'of Industrial Hygiene 2. 271. /mericr.n Foundrvmon* s Association Annual Convention. There vail bo a hafoty ana Hygiene Section at the forty-fourth annual convention of the American Foundrymcn's Association to bo hold in Chicago, May $-10. One of tho speakers "fill bo Soger Bronson of Chicago who will discuss "Workmen's Compensation and Occupational Disease Insurance." Headquarters for the conven tion will be in International Amphitheatre. 272. 0-:cu national Disease Claim Held not Barred by Statute of Limitations. Occupa tional Hazards 2., 14 (March, 1940). Tho Workmen' 3 Compensation Act of Missouri provides that a claim for compensa tion for an occupational disease must be filed within six months from the tlmo it became reasonably discoverable and apparent that the compensable disease lias been contracted. The disease in this caso wns lead poisoning contracted through continued vxrk handling scrap metals, including lead. Tho claimant went to work for the company in 1927 and continued in their employ until 1925, at which time he wns discharged after the plant physician reported that he had high blood .. pressure, and that the likelihood of an apoplectic stroke made him a hazard on the job. Within six months of his- discharge the claimant filed a claim for com pensation. It was grunted. The company claims the award was erroneous, con tending that the claimant had known in 1932, four years before filing his claim, that he was suffering from lead poisoning, and consequently his claim had not boon filed 7/ithin tho six months' limitation period. The Court rejected the Company's contention, stating: "An injury which starts the running of.the sta tute cf limitations provided fur in Workmen's Compensation Act, occurs in an occupational uiser.se case at the time when the disease produces a compensable disability, end mere fact that the employee has reason to know that ho is suffer ing ill effects which, oven though attributable to natural incidents of employ- * ment, have not progressed to tho point of in anywise impairing his capacity for work is insufficient to start the running of the statute." Smith, vs Federated Metals Corporation ot al (Missouri) 133 S.W. 2nd 1112 (Dec. 1939). 273. Osteomyelitis Develops from Brass Particles in Clothes. Occupational Hazards 2, is (March, 1940). An award in this ca3e was grantod to the claimant for temporary and permanent . * disability resulting from the amputation of one log. The facts were: The claimant was employed in a factory as a brass polisher. In the courso of his work small particles of brass bocene dislodged from the pieces being polished and settled on his skin and in his clothes, causing scratches on the skin. The claimant's right leg became swollen. He was forced to stop work and was taken tc a hospital. The physicians found a large number of healed scratches on the claimant's aims and legs. They also found his right leg swollen and infected with osteomyelitis (inflamnation of tho bono-narxow) which had been caused by iafocticn resulting from tho scratches of tho brass particles. It was necessary to amputate the leg to check the spread of infection. Mecca vs Phoenix Brass Fitting Corporation (N.J.) 10 Atl* 2nd 491 (Jan.* 1940). 274. Kbrknra's Cnn-jcnsation Acts: Dementia Paralytica Attributed to Aggravation of Prc-oristinr Myrnilis by Host Stroke. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 114, 1292 (March SO, 1940). The employee in this caso filed a claim for compensation alleging that during the course of his employment he suffered a "nervous breakdown" owing to the hcr.t to which ho was subjected. The stato industrial commission awarded com pensation und the employer appealed to the Supreme Court of Oklahoma. The em ployee had worked for two years in and ar.'und a boiler room exposing him to high temperatures and occasionally to intense huat. There wns .evidence that he had suffered three heat strokes. Ho bognn to show ovidouco of an abnormal con dition which alarmed his relatives who bad him committed to on asylum. The 02377  .. V" *''>'* . * * . JDigest of.Industrial Hygiene - 3. * diagnosis was general paresis of syphilitic origin. He responded favorably to treatment and was restored to competency by tho court which had committed bin. Shortly thereafter, ho filed his application for compensation. The Supreme Court hold that tho commission had beforo it competent evidence which, if be lieved, was sufficient to support a finding of accidental injury within the meaning of the workmen's compensation act. Tho award of compensation was there fore affirmed. Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company v. Malonoy (Okla.), 88 P. (2d) 363. 275. Recent Corzrission Findings. Ohio Ind. Comm. Monitor, 13, 41-42 (March, 1940). An employee of a stool foundry applied for compensation, alleging permanent total disability as the result of silicosis, contracted in the course of his employment. Pending a decision on tho claim, the claimant died and his widow applied for a death award for tho bonefit of herself end six minor children. An investigation revealed that decedent wormed in the foundry from Hay, 1922, to June, 1939, in the cleaning department whore his dutios required him to remove hardened sand from castings by use of a pneumatic hammer. A dust count in the room where decedent was employed showed an exposure wall below the accepted safe standard, but the dust contained approximately 20 per cent of free silica. The claims referee was of the opinion that the exposure to silica dust was well established and tho claim was approved as compensable by the Silicosis Referees. Acting under the provisions of an amendment to the Occupational Disease Act effective May 26, 1959, the Cocmissicn granted an award of $6,500 to tho widow and minor children, payable at the maximum rate of $18.75 per week. ?***A painter employed by a general maintenance and engineering company died Jan. 17, 1938, and his widow applied for a death award for tho benefit of herself and miner child. She alleged that the decedent died as the result of "Silicosis terminating in cancer." Investigation revealed that tho decedent had worked at tho painting trade ni i his life, working on interior and exterior work with both spray and brush, 'tfhen admitted to the hospital his case was diagnosed as one of acute gastric ulcer. Tho investigator pointed out that, while the claim was filed after the Occupational Disease Act amendment of Hay 26, 1939. became effective, the conditions giving rise to the claim originated at a time when they cana under tho provisions of the old law, which did not include a lung canl cor on the list of occupational diseases. It was also pointed out that there was no basis for the allegation of silicosis as a contributing cause end no evi dence yjas adduced to show that paints used contained harmful ingredients to bring about the condition causing death. Tho commission dismissed the applica tion. Notices of New Books 276. Pneumoconiosis (Silicosis) The Story of Dusty Lunrrs. A Preliminary Report. ' - L.G. Cola und V/.G. Colo. John B. Fierce foundation. New York, 1940. 52 pp. with on appendix and index. "Tho object of this roport is to record briefly tho observations that have been made end the conclusions that have been, drawn during a further short but inten sive investigation of pneumoconiosis. Many of the conclusions horoin rocorded concerning tho scientific aspects of tho disease -- its etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, and roentgenology -- as wall as its social, oconomic and legal as pects, ore not in accord with accopted idoas." The authors classify the dis- oaso into, four typos. They oro, in tho order fo severity: Type I, the invasion of tho perivascular - peribronchial - lymphatic structures and tho hilus by dust laden phagocytes and deposit- of collagon; manifostod rocntgonologically by accentuated hilar and linear markings. Typo II, tho nodular typo, character ized by tho pro3once of whorls of collagen and manifested roontgonologically-by- ---------------QiSJ7s Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 4. ' white spots on a black background. Type III, the pockmarking type, character ized by air cysts in the parenchyma of the lung. In tho x-ray, air cysts appear os black spots surroundod by white rings, or small black spots within areas of mns3iTo collagcnination. Typo IV, aouto silicosis, manifested by on incom plete aeration or partial consolidation of the alveoli. A general hazo or dif fuse cloudiness of tho film is the outstanding roentgenological finding. Tho bool: also discusses the social and economic aspects -- tho authors believing "that 30# of the types of pneumoconiosis now recognized as 'silicosis' are not compensable; that tho two typos hitherto unrecognized or not accepted as sili cosis ora by all means compensable; and that an adequate clinical history, plus an expert roentgen examination with the cooperation of laborer and employer, are indispensublo to any fair and proper solution of the problem." An appen dix contains reprints of two articles by the authors. There is an adequate index. Papers on Air, Dust and General Industrial Endene 277. Silicosis. 2.R. Eayhurst. Herck Report, 41?, 6, 3, 9, 28, 30, 32 (April, 1940). An excellent short review of the subject of silicosis. Tho author discusses the types (acute and chronic), occurrcnco, predisposing causes, pathology, symp toms and clinical findings, complications, course and prognosis, diagnosis, dif ferential diagnosis, and treatment (prevention). 278. Recent PaYclr/naont3 In Relation to Silicosis. L.U. Gardner. Ind. Hod., j9, 45-49 i February, 1940). Experimental work in progress at the Saranac Laboratory seems to lead to the .conclusion that inhaled asbestos fibres are irritating not because thoy ere silicates but because they are stiff fibres which mechanically irritate the lungs. TThon asbestos is ground very finely so that few of the fibres are longer__ than 2 microns in length the irritating property of the asbestos is practically destroyed. Inhalation experiments v/ith this fins asbestos in a concentration of 125 million particles per cubic foot over a period of three years has not produced fibrosis -- in previous experiments exposure to one third this concen tration of long fibres lias produced well marked fibrosis in two yeers. This phenomenon is directly opposite to that found in silicosis, where with decrease in particle size, reaction becomes moro vigorous. Irritation, from the asbestos fibres seem to bo more closely associated with the physical, rather than the . chemical, composition as in the case of free silica. There are many expori-.- `meats whose results are difficult to reconcile with the solubility hypothesis. __ In vivo, cellular reactions begin 15 to 30 minutes after injections; in vitro, .re traces of dissolved 3ilica are found by the nest sensitive methods only aftor - .r - 12 to 24 hours. Thero Is soma experimental evidence that free silica has a specific toxicity. Fine silica injocted into the veins or hearts of certain animals acts liko a strong poison. This has not been obsorved with particles - of larger sizo or with suspensions of other minerals.' These toxic effects can bo neutralized by the addition of different substances, for example, colloidal aluminum hydroxide and ferric hydroxide. More and moro experimental evidence sooxis to demonstrate tho physiological insignificance of particles over 3_mi-______ crons. Finally there is a discussion of the similarity between tho silicotic end tuberculous reactions in the lung. 279. Arrest of the Toxic Action of Silica Dust on the Conjunctiva Tissue by Aluminum. A.P-..li>rd and j.Relict. Coupt.rc-nd.Soc.ao 3il., 132, 190-192 (1959)".(French}. A study of tho effects on tho consoa of quartz ulono and quarts v/ith aluminum. Quarts prcdu03 a 3uriou3 reaction, with odana, cellular infiltration for seno woeks and healing v/ith opacities. Thoro is a very slight roactioa v/ith quartz and aluminum. 02379 Digost of Industrial Hygiene-5. 2S0. W.iraing Incidence of Silicosis on Bund. S. Africa Min. & Sag. J., S3, 673-5 (January a?, 1340)". iLritishj'. This is cn abstract of the report on the work of the Miners' Phthisis Medical Bureau for the three year period onding July 31, 1938. Tho rate of incidence of silicosis has fallen to a new low record; howover, there is a narked progres sive increase in incidence with incroaso in duration of service, also with the increase in the amount of tine spent in machino drilling. A modification of tho system of periodical examination is urged. 381. Detection of Silica-Containing Dust In Lung Tissues by Means of Fluorescence Microscopy. U. Oberdalhoff. Arch. Gewerbepath. & Gewerberyg., J9, 438-442 (1939). Abstracted in Srit. Chen. Si Physiol., p. 158 (February,"l940). Quartz and other mineral dusts show characteristic fluorescence colors under ultra-violet light when treated vath fluorchrcaes, ospcci&lly euraainc, and then washed with wator. Quartz dust can be detected similarly in silicotic lung tissues provided that the specimen is first troatod t.lth alcohol-ether to remove the covering of fat on tho quartz particlos. 282. . An X-ray Study of tho Lungs of Workmen in the Asbestos Industry, Covering a Period cf Ten 'fears. a.W. George and R.D. Leonard. Radiology 33, 196-202 (1939V A discussion of the exposure to asbestos in tho manufacture of brake linings. In 1923 and 1929, 12 workers, with symptoms of asbestosis wore retired on compen sation and were followed for 7 years. In 1933, 800 employees from the samo plant were x-rayed end three found to have advanced asbestosis. 'When the plant closed, 90 men sued fer compensation and the authors give a discussion of the trial of 30 cases. During tho trial, the 12 men retired 8 or 9 years before .were produced. All but the wceion were performing laborious work, and no progress of the lung condition was apparent. There is a description of the x-ray appear' once of asbestosis 'and the action of the dust on the lung. The outhors consider that "the fiber is innocent of producing any pathologic disturbance except an impedance to tho air in this region of the lung." Pleuritic changes are also seen -- adhesions and obliteration, of tho costcphrenic angles. Emphysema and cbongos in the heart contour are other signs. No cases complicatce by tubcrculosis ware found. X-ray will show asbestos in the lungs when there is enough to cause symptoms. 2S3. The Roentgenologic Aspects of Bronchonyeosis. H.P. Doub. Radiology, 34, 267-275 (March, 1940). " The si(ps end symptoms of the bronchomycoses ore similar to those of tuberculo sis and ofton they are at first thought to be tuberculous in origin. Whenever tho history or x-ray chances are atypical of tuberculosis, the sputum should be examined microscopically and also cultured rcpe&todly, so that these casos may not be troatod as tuberculous. In. oarly stages, these patients appear to have a mild bronchitis with some oxpectoration; later they dovelop many of the signs and symptoms and even the complications of tuberculosis. The final diagnosis rests on the discovery and identification of tho offending organism. The roentgen changes are suggestive of a differential diagnosis in some instances but usually only suggest the prosence of a fuscous infection. The author des cribes some of the more prominent roentgen signs of the various bronchomycoses. 284. Lungs Affected by Ochre Dust. H. Otto. Arch. Gewerbepath. S: Geworbahyg., 9_, 437-495 (1933). (German). Abstracted in Brit. Chen. L Physiol., p. 159 ~ (February, 1940), The harmful constituents of ochre appear to bo iron cxidos and silica. X-ray findings in ochro-nffoctod lungs and pathological anatomy of iron-offcctcd lungs cro described. 02380 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 6. 285. 'Dust and Disease. H. 7. Spector. Safety Engineering, 79, 33 (Karsh, 1940). Organic dusts do not produce disabling diseases of the lungs, says this author, hosing his claim on autopsy studies of the lungs of 50 patients exposed for many years to organic dusts. Regardless of hew violent an effect inhaling in dustrial impurities might produce in the human system, tuberculous infection takes placo only in the presence of disonsc-prouucing bacilli. Possible remed ial measures for the control of tuberculosis in industry might lncludo: Control of industrial disease hazards, amplo 7,ago standards, and periodic physical ex aminations* 286. Pulmonary ~Astergiiiosis. H.S. Van Ostrand. Cleveland Clinic Quarterly, 7, 66-73 (January, 1940), Tha classic instances of pulmonary aspergillosis in man are found in certain occupations wJiich involve prolonged and intimate contact with grains or with birds. Pamors, food-mill workers and threshers are prone to this infection. Cortain dusts aro important sources of infection, such as that produced by sponge-cleaners and wig-makors. The symptoms nay bo of acute or chronic nature. The acute form assumes clinically the picture of bronchitis or pneumonia. The course of chronic primary aspergillosis is similar to that of chronic pulmonary tuborculosis. The author describes the physical and roentgen findings. A case of aspergillosis fumigatu3 of the acute "bronchitic" type is preseatod. 287. Experimental Investigation on the Capacity of the Human Nose to Retain Dust. 7. Schoidelcr.-Arch.-f. Ohren-, Naso-, u. fCehlkopfheil., 145, .123-169 (1939). (German). Results- of the examination of 290 non in an. effort to determine the capacity of tho human nose to retain dust. There were 10 measurements on each worker end variation was groat- -- between 9.5 ana 91.1$. Tho individual variation was at most 8.2 and averaged only 2.96>t. The author concludes that the capacity of the individual human nose remains constant as long as the rhinoscopic findings are tho sense. The capacity varies with tho construction of tho interior of tha nose, since this formation determines the direction of tha inhaled air stream. Obstacles in tho lower nasal duct and the concentration of the dust are without influence. The du3t-retaining capacities of tho pharynx and larynx are unimpor tant compared to that of the ncse^ 288. What to Look for in Respirators. W.H. Lemberg. Safety Engineering* 79, 30 (January, 1940). Respiratory protective devisos must measure up to certain standards and specifi cations to be fully efficient. They must be provided <vith a compact and highly efficient filter medium that will exclude dust end fumes, obstruction to breath ing must be sufficiently low to provide no discomfort during normal activity, they must fit all types of faces without leakage, they must be comfortable, they must not interfere with the wearing of safety goggles and they must be de signed compactly, with a minimum of free space inside. 289. To Solvo Silicosis. S.C. Blacktin. Chca. Ago., 42, 97-98 (February 17, 1940). (British) There is first a general historical discussion of the problem of breathing re sistance in respirators with tho increase in dust-stoppego efficiency. Tho author prosonts a now principle, "tha Repulsor" based on tho repelling action on dust particlost uf a hentod wire diaphragm. It is proposod in the interests of economy .where eloctric safety lamps are usod, to exploit tho provisions already offered, the nir-clconing unit thuo forming a composite part of a new all-pur pose lamp. Tho author fool3 that tho defeat of the attack on ailicosis preven tion has boon duo to this rosiatanco of respirators and will now bo solved by this method of breathing ouao. 01381 .t \ \* ** .Digcct of Industrial Hygiene - 7. 290. Dust Prevention by Use of Carbonate Minerals. H.C. Dod end J.B. Lewis. Chem. Erg. Min. Rev., 22, o7 (1339). 1 The use of dolomite or a mixture of magnesite and limestone as tamping in drill holes produces u cloud of basic dust particles after firing which neutralise the charge on the silica particles and thereby produce flocculation, so that it is possible to effect complete removal of the silica particles from the air fifteen minutes after firing. 291. _ Profit- in Air: Dust Control. Part I. The Dust Problem, Employee Examinations, Dust Surveys. Eravatk. Keating & Ventilating, 37, 33-41 (March, 1940). The author outlines a plan for employee examinations end plant surveys with suggwstoti forms fr.r keeping records of employees' physical condition and results of surveys. Careful occupational histories will sometimes obviate time-consum ing and expensive physical examination. Periodic examination may be easily brought about at regular intervals by means of n small "tickler" file, cuntain- ing the employee's name or number. A brief outline of the procedures for plant surveys is given. 292. Keep It Clean. P..D. Mudi. Safety Engineering, 79_, 34-37 (March, 1940). Cleanliness in industry saves money, improves the product and promotes the health and working pcwar uf employees. Compensation for skin diseases of occu pational origin makes up as much as 70^ of ell occupational disease claims in some states. Cleanliness could prevent many of those conditions. The writer outlines the steps which plant managers and the working force can cooperate in and thus achieve .healthy .working conditions. Every' dollar put into equipment and services to promote cleanliness is bound to appear eventually on the right side of the balance sheet. 293. Mineral Technnlo.-nr and Output Per Mm Studios; Hock Drilling. C.E. Nighmaa and C.E. Kiessling. V.'.P.A. in cooperation with U.B. Bureau of Mines, Report , No. E-ll pp. 153 (February, 1940). * Primarily a discussion of the kinds of technical changes introduced and the rates at which they have been incorporated into industrial practice. In the extractive industries advances in the methods used in drilling operations have . been an important feature uf these changes. The development of drilling tech nology in the bituminous coal industry end in petroleum and natural-gas produc- tion has been covered in other reports -- this one deals with rock drilling in other important mineral industries. There is a short discussion on the subject of health and safety. The advent of mechanical drilling greatly increased the prevalence and seriousness of the respiratory diseases. It i3 estimated that roughly 1/5 to over 1/3 of the miners in typical hard-rock mining camps 20 years ago wero afflicted with silicosis. This danger has now been greatly lessened by the wide cooperation of mine operators in dust control programs inaugurated by tho U.S. Bureau of Mines and the U.S. Public Health Service, 294. Preliminary Rcuort on Hralme Studios of Welding. L.D. Case and V.J, Castrop. Inti. Med., 52-55 (Februury, 1940). Semples of air taken at a distance of 3 inches from the electric arc show con centrations of nitrogen dioxide as high as 70 p.p-.m. These urc not, however, average concentrations. The samples taken near acetylene welding showed some what smaller results. Analyses were made of the welding rod coatings and par tial determinations of the mot.il fumes obtained in the brcathJLng zones of tho weldors. The latter seem to indicato that iron oxide is tho principal ingredient of the l'uno3. There is seme conjecture by the authors on the coatings of the metals being v/elded and a short discussion of the matter of personal protection by vor.tifiltion, respirators, etc. It is emphasized that this is n preliminary report. 02.382. Digest.of Industrial Hygiene - 8. 295. Catorncta Electrico Following Electric Shock. H. Skydsgaord. Acta OphtkalnoloeiuaT*!?, 4GO (1940). (Scandinavian)^ Abstracted from J. An.Med.Assoc., 114, 1122 (March 215, 1940). One of the nost inportoat of eye injuries in persons struck by lightning or who work with high tension currents is the delayed cataract which occasionally appears. The author reports tho case of a nan who had receivod a shock of 6000 volts and six months later began to notico loss of vision in ono eye. A catar act was finally discovered. Tho author is convinced that tho electrical trauma was tbs causo. Ee says that this typo may present only features which are com mon to a large group of cataracts; however, they appear lato and may be uni lateral or bi-lateral. He contends that lesions near the eye are not necessary for the development of the cataract and that the strength of current is not of decisive importance, but that its duration may be an essenticl factor. He enu merates the theories for the explanation of the causo of the cataract but be lieves that no one of them could alone produce the effect. 296. The Course of Disablin'? Morbidity among Industrial Workers, 1921.1939. W.M. Gofafar. Ind. Med., 55-61 (February, 1940). The material upon which this report is based is from the reported experience of the memberships of industrial sick benefit associations, primarily (43) in iron and steel but also (21$) in public utilities and (36$) miscellaneous. The latter is composed of data from the chemical, plumbing fixture, electrical equipment, paper, timepieces, hats, flour, and soap industries. A brief summary of .a com prehensive illustrated analysis shows that all sickness is displaying a downward trend,- more-apparent--in malos, - tho prime mover being the respiratory diseases. Non-industrial injuries incline upward for both sexes. A rising curve is evident for moles in appendicitis, diseases of the heart and of the circulatory system. Normal rates of pneumonia and rheumatic disoases are relatively high for the iron end stoel industry while relatively low for all sickness, respiratory dis eases, respiratory tuberculosis end diseases of the circulatory system. 297. Annual Safety Eouinscnt Issue. March, 1940. National Safety Nows. 210 pp. National Safety Council, Inc., 20 N. Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois. This large issue contains six chapters on: Personal Equipment, Mechanical Equipment, Firo and Plant Protection, First Aid and Medical Service, Sanitary Equipment end Supplies, and Miscellaneous Products end Services. Articles of interest to Foundation readers include: Industrial Ventilation, Lighting for the Plant, Better Housekeeping, Fatigue, end Skin Infections from Cuttisg Oils. 298. List of American Standards. American Standards Association, 29 West 39th Street, Now York, N. Y., January 15, 1940. A list of the published standards in civil, mechanical, electrical, mining, chemical, safety, highway traffic cad other engineering fields. They cover definitions of terns, specifications for metals and other materials, methods of tost for the finisbod product, dimensions, safety provisions for use of machin ery and methods of work, etc. These standards represent tho composite work of six hundred trade, technical, governmental and other groups. 299. Now Problem in the Field of Industrial Eyricno. VT. Occupational Poisons, Reproduction and Offsoring. 0. Ehricmann. Deutsoh. ned. Wchnschr., 65, 18021806 (1959). (German). This is a rojKirt, based on the litoraturo, of injur;' to the rv,srs of reproduc tion end to tho offspring, caused by alcohol, nicotino, lead (a father's poison ing supi-oscdly affects the children), magnosium, mercury, chromium, iodine, arsenic, carbon disulfide, boasone, phosphorus and thallium. 02.3&3 Digest. of Industrial l$/gicne - 9. i 300. Physiologic Observations on Caisson Workers. W. Marquort and J. Rietz. Ztscfcr. f. d. cos. exp. Ued., 106, 597-775 (November 3, 1939). Abstracted from J. Am. Med. Assoc., 114, 1020 (March 16, 1940.) No increase in basal metabolism wc3 found in caisson workers exposed to 3.75 atmospheres. There is increased respiratory voluno with a simultaneous decrease in frequency but no increase in vital capacity. The pulse showed a decrease in frequency in spite of tho hard physical labor. There is a decrease in erthyrocytcs but this quickly returns to normal. 301. Compressed Air Illness (with special Reference to tho middle ear). W.H. P.equnrtlt and R.2. 3onson. Ind. Med., , 115-121 (March, 1940). The etiology, pathology, symptoms and treatment of compressed air sickness in prossuros over 15 pounds arc presented. Tho most efficient treatment is stage decompression. In general, the laws of this country pertaining to work in eom- prosred air recommend a combined stage and uniform decompression which is not oqpol to tho method of stage decompression as practiced in other countries, notably England. Workers in increased atmospheric pressure up to 12 pounds present certain symptoms referable to the middle ear and Eustachian tube. Usually considered miner, theso complaints assume major proportions v/hen vdev/ed from tbe standpoint of workmen's compensation insurance. The only edoquate treatment of theso middle ear complaints is prophylactic. This is best carried out by a well-planned nodical program consisting essentially in a careful, intensive edu cation of men in the use of preventive measures and tho selection of employees on the basis of critical examination of tbe respiratory tracts. -- Author's summary. 302. AntiseotiC3 and Their Action. R.L!. Freeman. Ind. Med., , 87-88 (February, 1940). ___ .. " .......... The author discusses briefly the general subject of antiseptics -- their advan tages and disadvantages -- and concludes that azochlorrmid is a valuable and safe member of this group. It is used in 1/500 solution in triacetin. 303. The Irsauinal Lirrmaant. C.1I. Hillenbrond. Ind.Hed., 83-85 (Fobruary, 1940). In a study of 500 cases, of which 300 had inguinal hernias, it was concluded that: (1) individuals with an inguinal ligament of less then 11 cm. have little tendency to formation of inguinal hernia; (2) cases measuring 11 to 15 cm. who develop-hernias always have an indirect type; (3) as the length of the inguinal ligament increases from 15 to 19 cm. the heroics aro of the direct type. This will bo of interest to industrial physicians who need a practical aid in deter mining whether tho so-called borderline cases with large rings, loose rings, etc., should be hired. Its use in job placement is at once ob7ious. 304. 305. The Anti-Syphilis Campaign. P.J. Ochsncr. Ind.Med.f 9_, 77-79 (February, 1940). Through its contact with half of the population, industrial medicine has a won derful opportunity to act os a enso finder for syphilis. A sixty-day survey revealed that the number of individuals under treatment represented only onei sixth of the potential treatment load. Industrial physicians can be of great assistance in seeing that patients rcccivo their required courses of continuous therapy, of prime importance in the treatment of syphilis. Only two types of syphilis are liablo to produce accidents, the cardiovascular and tabetic or parotic. If those uro excluded, there is no avoilcblo evi&nce to show that syphilitics arc moro accident-prone than non-syphilitics. Tho typo of syphilis oncountcred in industrial practice is usually non-infectious and they may be permitted to continue work provided they undergo continued treatment. A Practical Anoroach to Supervision cf Mental Health In Industry. F.S. Parncy. In-. Lied., 9.,' 72-VV (February, 1540). In the author's opinion, the successful treatment uf pcychoncurosis lies not in the man or Ms Job, nor oven in his immediate difficulty, but in the doctor's capacity to load tho patient to u recognition of Ids fundamental problem, and the aocoscity of facing up to it. 023 $4" Digest-of Industrial Hygiene - 10, 306. T.'cmcn in Industry. K.E. Pidgeon. U.S. Dept, of Labor, Women* s Bureau, Bulle tin Ho, 164, pp. 85 (1938). This is nn outline for group study of the subject of tha anployacnt of women in industry end the general conditions under which they work. Ton aspects of tho subject have been considered separately. Of most interest hero is Chapter 7 -- "Health Standards fer Women*s Work" v/hich has been divided into four parts -- (1) Service facilitio3 and sanitary conditions in the workplace, (2) special health needs, (3) industrial hazards - injuries, and (4) industrial hazards disoa3a. 307. Study of the Factors of Sznloyabillty. G.A. Paul. Ind. lied., 9_, 79-82 (February, 1940). " A survey of a particular industrial organization which showed that many of the workers have major physical disabilities and that tha proportion of these dis abilities incrcaso as the workers become older. Unwise legislation may throw obstacles in tho way of tho physically handicapped by increasing the scope of compensation in cases of aggravation of pre-existing illness. 308. The Doctor1 s Port in the Personnel Program. G.A. Coburn. Ind. Med., 9_, 64-66 (February, 1940). ~ The plant doctor plays an important part in a number of activities: in employ ment, by assisting tho employer to secure the most satisfactory type of person nel; in transfers, by over-seeing tho proper replacements of employees; in safety by acting in an advisory capacity to the safety department; in collective bar gaining, many of tho grievances *or complaints have to do with' matters in the med- `ical territory; in maintaining satisfactory employer-employee relationship, by his numerous contacts with large numbers of employees which by careful handling con fora the foundation of sound relations; in maintaining satisfactory public relationship, by his outsido contacts with the local medical profession, hospi tals, health agencies end organizations. 309. Relationship of Industrial Medicine to Private Practice. S.J. Seeger. Ind. Med., 66-69 (February, 1940). "Tho foremost objectives of industrial medicine........ : (1) to fit every person to types and quantities of work according to his ability to perform such, work continually without unduo impairment, without injury to himself or his fellow workmen, and with profit to himself and his employer; (2) to procure and main tain fitness for work through efforts applied to tho worker os on individual; (3) to educate the worker to a comprehension of tho value and significance of physical end mental well-being and, in particular, of porsonal hygiene and acci dent prevention; (4) to reduce all loss of time, absenteeism and short work spans in industry, the cause of which may be related in enyvray to health." The author also discusses the problems which have arisen between tho practice of private medicine and the establishment of modem industrial medical departments in largo industries. 310. Small Plant Hired Nurse -- Saves. M.G. Eolstine. Factory Man. k Main., pp.6369 (March, 1940). Lost time duo to injuries or sickness totaled 23 wooks in the yoar previous to the installation of this regular first-aid department. This was roducod to a little over two wooks in tho first, year under the rosident nurso set-up. There is also the improved employee health and comfort, as well as compensation sav ings end increased wages for workors v/ho are not off because of illness. 311. The Industrial Nurso. H.M. Jcmc3. Ind.Med-, 9_, 61-64 (February, 1940). 'Tho quulificjitijns of the industrial nurso nay bo listed under physical, person al and professional headings. Theso are of partieuler importance in the nurso who works alone in a small organisation us aha is ofton tho solo roprcsontati7o Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 11. of industrial medicine. In industries where it in possible to use visiting service, ozpcricnce has provod this function of tho nurse to be a mo3t vuluablo one. "Tho industrial nurse has certainly left her 'finger wrapping' and has aavnnced into a highly important role in industry." 312. I-ru? in Industry. M.7/. Clift. Ini. Med., 9, 51-52 (February, 1940). It has been demonstrated that the initial cost of z-ray equipment is cn extreme ly small factor in the economies of a medical department. The euthor's exper ience is that tho entire capital investment has not only boon liquidated but has also 3horn a dividend. Tho greatest dividend, however, has come from the salvaging of individuals working in factories imd by appreciating thair physical needs, jiucing then buck in industry in positions they can adequately fill. As on agent in reducing expense by decreasing labor turnover, z-ray equipment is a definite economic measure. 313. A Plan for the Control of Tuberculosis in Industry. U.K. Burnell. IndUed., 9_, 49-51 (February, 1940). .1. Prc-Empl-jyncnt Physical Examination. Thi3 is deno for the purpose of placing tho individual vriierc ho is best physically as well as mentally fitted. This gives the examining physician tho best opportunity to detect pulnc-nary tubercu losis and is nut considered complete without e-n x-ray of tho chest. II. Per iodic Examinations for Old Employees. There are nmerouu occasions on which thoso exeminatiuns should bo made, such as aftor illness or layoff, but in my case should be nado at least once a year. Cooperation with the family physician is of paramount importance. III. Control of Tuberculosis Within the Plant. 'The industrial physician is tho health officer of the plant -- Bit is his duty to locate, identify' and determine tho importance of uLL occupational and enviri.nmcntal sources of disease or health impairment and to seo that they are corrected. 314. Priceless Possesaions. L. Grecnburg. National Safety News 41, 26-27 (January, 1940). There were 1S43 cases of compensated oye injuries in New* York State in 1938 and the cost was 1,165,000. Eighty per cent of theso arc caused by foreign matter entoring the oyc and could bo avoided by tho simplo and cheap method of wearing goggles. Ventilation controls are needed for oye hazards of toxic dusts and fumes and in tho past year, the Division of Industrial Hygiene has passed and approved 2000 sets of plans for such control in factories. Spocial goggles are needed for protection against radiant energy, an- fatigue of tho eyes con bo losscncd or oliainated by proper illumination. Tho author discusses these sight-saving moans end methods for promoting their adoption. 513. Tho Ophthaiix-iluai st and tho Workmen's Compensation Law. J.H. Delaney. Pcnna. Mod. J., 43, 645-647 (February, 1940). This is a plea for Pennsylvania (and 23 other statos) for unifora standards and methods of evaluating visual efficiency and visual loss. Of the 47 stato com missions, only 23 have a recognised method and of these, 7 had different stan dards ir. use -- co that thcro wore 18 different methods of calculating the ssmo problem. This condition exists in spite of the excellent method advanced by the Committee on Eyo Injuries of the American Medical Association dovised oftor a 6 year study. To date only 11 states have adopted tho committee'3 recommenda tions. These constitute a threefold method of evaluating vision -- due consid eration of central visual acuity for near and fnr, the weighed factor for con sideration of muscle bal.auco, and visual fields. The author feels that in testimony tho acuity at 14 inches i3 twlco as important ns that fit 20 foot since the law intends to component a a nan for reduced cumiag pov/or and in most occu pations this of aocossity lnvolvos tho oyos for near work. ' 023S Digest of Industrial Hygiene' - 12. * 316. The Use of Air Velocity Meters. G.L. Tuve, D.JC. Wright, Jr., and L.J. Siegel. Heating, Piping ana Air Cond., 11, 7C3-709 (November, 19.39). The results of nn investigation of methods for instrument calibration and study of the practice! use of instruments for measuring air stream characteristics and eir quantities. The authors claim that the rotating-vene cnemometor to be the best average instrument; the Volemoter (briolcd-vune anemometer), the most convenient fer spot readings; tho heated thermometer, tho widost velocity range; the heated thermocouple, bc3t adaptod for distant reading; and tho kata thermometer, the least expensive. Tho three measuring standards used were a thjn plate orifice, on electric-thermal meter and the pitot tube. 317. - Seme Anrlicntiens of the Rayleigh Interferometer. E.C. Cravon. Indus. Chemist, 15, 354-357 (1059). A description of some applications of the Rayleigh interferometer in industrial practice, for example, in determining carbon dioxide end consumed oxygen, explosive gas concentrations, hydrocarbons in crudo hydrogen and the strength of acotic anhydride by means of tho liquid cell. The instrument used, a home-made 50 cm. type, is described briefly. Instead of a compensating optical method for aligning the bonds, pressure is applied and tho manometer reading is proportion al to the gas concentration. '313. Hvdroron Sulfide Detector. F.B. Behrens. Oil and Cas Jour., 30 , 36 (liarch 28, 1940). A''regenerative scrubbing process for vapors before processing in a non-solective polymer plant entailed tho handling of hydrogen sulfide in a comparatively pure state. The hazards involved necessitated the use of r. detector. As the usual devices are quite costly, a compact end efficient detoctor was built at reason able cost by this company. The sampler was designed to handle a volume of 20 cu. ft. of air per minute from 15 different stations. Tho precipitation of lead sulfide on moist lead-acetato-treated tape cuts off a source cf light thus affecting a photoelectric cell which operates the claim system. It may also be used to operate blowers if necessary. The dotector has also boon used for the detection of hydrocarbon leaks where hydrogen sulfide is present in the vapors. The electrical measurements are sufficiently sensitive and accurate so that percentages well below tho danger point can be detected. Illustrations of tho device demounted and in a transite housing ore shown. 319. Photocalorisetrie Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide in Air, as Copper Sulfide. E.JP. Kustner. J. .upl. uhem. Russ., 1097 (1939). Air is passed through a solution containing coppor sulfate, gum arable, EtOH, and ecctato buffer, and the incrcaso in absorption of light by the solution is measured with the aid of a photo electric cell. The hydrogen sulfide of tho air is then road from a curve. 320. Determination of Small Amounts of Aromatic Nitro-Cosnounds in Air. I.S. SchcrcschevsKaja. Prom. Org. Chenu, _6, 592-094 (lfJ39j. Known colorimetric or nephelometric methods of determining intermediates and by-products of manufacture of 2:5-dichloro-7-raothoxyacridine are enumerated. 321. Absorption of Gases in Liquids as Used In Industrial Air Analyses. S.Moskowitz, J. Siege! tna W.J. Burke. New fork Sxato Dept, of Labor, Industrial Eullctin, 19, 33-35 (February, 1940). A description of apparatus fur tho collection of air-borne mattrii'ls which are best absorbed in liquids. In c-no type, a sintorod glass dick is fused to the end of tho gns ontrr.ncu tubo to eid in the absorption of tho materiel to bo tested. Another type usos an Aloxito stono. Hy those methods, mixturos of toxic gesos may bo oatinated supnmtoly -- complete directions being given for 043S7 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 13. simultaneous testing for hydrogen sulfido and carbon disulfide. The method for the determination of formaldehyde in air is also given. Variations of the appa ratus v/ill permit the testing for acid vapors and mists, ammonia, methanol and other alcohols, other aldehydes, and phenols. 322. Workmen* s Compensation and Occupational Disease Lat/s in the Commonv/ealth of Pennsylvania, ii. Bohrcnd. Penna. icd. J., 43, 13-20 (October, 1939). This is a discussion of the history of the Workmen's Compensation Act since its first enactment in 1915 up to. the act of 1939. The author spooks of ths con troversy between the physician and the insurance company as to the right of the injured son to choose his physician. Ho advocates a "universal" workmen's ccunonsution law for the injurod which ho feel3 should be accomplished through a Federal Act. Although thorc arc 672,000 employees exposed to industrial dis ease hazards in Pennsylvania, less than 20 cases havo boon posted with the com pensation board. This is in part due to the ignorance of the laborers and also to the. fact that the adoption of claims for occupational diseases is optional with the companies. Papers on Industrial Poisons, Cancer. Dermatitis, etc. 323. P.g-aort of the Corralttgc on Volatile Solvents to the Industrial Byrieae Section of the American Public Health Association. H.F. Smyth, Jr., Secretary (October 17, 1939). This exhaustive report includes 398 articles on the subject of "Volatile Sol vents" und yet only covers tho period 1937-19331 ` This gives evidence of the exceedingly rapid growth of tho literature-on this subject. Botter than half of tho articles abstracted wore on tho aromatic and halogenatod hydrocarbons. Of 227 papers reporting original experiments or clinical observations, 149 dis cussed these substances. Due to the inclusion of a report on trichlorethyleae covering 20 years, this hazard leads the solvents in relative toxicity as judged by case3 and deaths reported. If the weight of thi3 paper is discounted, ben. 2cno and hamologs are in first placo. Ho important new diagnostic or control methods, aro reported. There arc suggested revisions or new safe limits for . .benzene, carbon -disulfide, chlorinated naphthalenes end diphenyls, methyl "Cellosolve," and tetrachlorcthylene. Thoro is a short discussion of the pro blem of precautionary labeling. There arc numerous tabulations, a general discussion of tho literature and a discussion of some of tho more important solvents. There is tax author index and the lengthy list of references with osnetatiens. 324. Research upon tho Toxicity 0f Bcnzeno, R. Charlior. Arch, intern, pharsacc- dynnmis. 61, 121 (1939). (French). Commercially puro benzone liko chemically pure benzene possesses a paralyzing action upon tho peripheral vasomotor system of the nMi-ni by direct action upon tho musclo fibers of the vessels end may be clearly toxic upon the myocardium. Tho commercially pure product is nevertheless possessed of a groater toxicity than that of the chemically pure. The major toxicity is not duo to the presence of thioprono in tho cammorcid product, tut to tho presence of other compounds which distill botween 80.4 and B1.2. Tho study from tha phnimaco-dynamic viow will be a subsequent undertaking. 325. Ccnp-.ratlve Action of Puro and of Cryntalliznblo Ccirmcrcial Bonzcne on the Hvart v'.-luno of Do.-'s. J. Esnruin and R. CUnriicr. Cu&pt. rend. S^c. de Biol., 132, 290-257 (1939). (French). Ccmmorcid crystullizablo bcnzeno, porhaps boenuso of tho impurities, is more toxic than tho puro. Each, howover, affects tho myocardium seriously. A 0 *2 a ti Ji -------- LA afirfc*-.- -r. nfiti Tar t TT^r-'^-* ~ Si Digest 'of Industrial Hygiene - 14. ! 32S. Sulnba>moglobinnnonic from Poisoning by Nltrnbcnzol lr. Industry. E.C. Viglinni and G. Donuti. iloss. lied. Indust., 10, 534-51 (1939). (TtMinn). Thi3 man was engaged in dipping metal gauze impregnated with rubber in a steel vessel filled v.lth nitrobenzol. Ho worked without gloves and Ms hands, aims, and clothing would bo saturated. The workroom was unvcntilotcd. After the first day he folt a sort of deafness v/ith headache, malaise, irritation of the throat, giddiness end cental obtusanoss. His skin become blue and blood examin ation showed the spectrum of culphcmoglobin. The production of this condition is ascribed to the combined action of nitrobcnzol and hydrogen sulfide formed by hydrolysis of the organic sulfur compounds in the vulcanized rubber. Though this condition is thought to bo very rare, tho authors feel that they aro quito ' frequent but go unrecognized. 327. Diseases in Agricultural -.-pricers Caused by Calcium Cvr-nanido. H. Gartner, lluneh. ucd. Wchnschr. 86, 1745-1748 (1939). (German). Commercial calcium cyancmlde usually contains only &>% calcium cyanide. In 75 ~ cases of Injury from this substance, the greatest number showed damage to the skin and eyes, but the author reports also on 8 cases whore intomal injury was present. There were general complaints such &3 nausea, weakness, numbness and later a hyporemla, limited to the head and upper port of tho trunk, and bronchi tis. In e fatal ease there was bronchopneumonia and glomerulonephritis. In one, the effect of alcohol was increased by the raw product; in several others, tho -alcohol aggravated tho effect of the raw calcium cyananido. 328. Chloroform Liver In far/. L.L. Hiller and G.E. V/hipple. Am.J.Hed.Sci., 199. 204-215 (February, 1940). Livor injury due to chloroform increases in extent as the protein body stores are depleted. In a protein-depleted dog 15 to 20 minutes of chloroform anesthe sia is frequently fatal with extensive hyaline liver necrosis end the typical picture of chloroform poisoning. Twelve minutes of chloroform anesthesia in a proteir.-deploted dog will cause moderately severe liver injury. Protein deple tion is offeeted by low protein diets clone or combined with bleeding or plasnapheresis. Control experiments in dogs without protein depiction indicate thnt 90 minutes of chloroform anesthesia can be tolerated with but little livor in- . jury. ' 329. Studies cn the Mechanism of the Protective Action of Xanthine Against Carbon Tetrachloride Poisonint. J.C. Forbes and 2.L. Outhouse. J. Pham. & Exp. Thernp., .58, 185-193 (1940). The injection of xanthine India ink, tri-calcium phosphate and sodium ricizoloato, ell materials which protect tho livers of rats from injury due to carbon tetrachloride or chloroform, ware shown to cause a foil in sorum ostomse con centration. The marked rise in serum esterase concentration that occurs in rats poisoned with carbon tetrachloride or chloroform is inMbited by the previous administration of xanthine. It is suggested that the maintenance of normal scrum-esterase values end the increased resistance of hepatic tissue to poison ing with cexbon tetrachlorido and chloroform are both associated with a repair process occurring in the tissues at tho sito of injection of the protective sub stance. 330. Pararhcnvlcnodicnino. J.An.Med.Assoc. (Queries and Minor Ni'tes) 114, 274 (January 20, 1340). Exposure in this man (evidently a phitographor) rosultcd in a constrictive chest pain which disappeared whan the toxic substance was withdrawn.. The industrial use of paraphenylonodiamine is outlihod, especially its use in tho fur and rubbor trades. It can apparently be absorbed through tho Intact skin, or bo inhnlod in vapor or dust form. It may couao dermatitis, urticaria, edema and asthma. It should either bo eliminated or rubbor gloves and ventilation should bo providod. 0 2.3 R 9 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 15. * , 371. Urinary Excretion of Porphyrins by Chemical Workers. C. Rimington and M.Y/. Goldl-latc. Lilacot, yp. 73-75 (January 13, 1940). (British). In workmen exposed to nitro and amino bodies, cyanosis is frequent, due to methemoglobinemia. Toxic symptoms seldom occur. These bodies, of which aniline is an excnplc, increase the urinary excretion of porphyrins. This excretion was studied in workers without exposure, with slight exposure and with groat expo sure. The porphyrins in nicrogrcms por 1500 of urine averaged 38 for the first group, 70 for the second and 117 for the third. No worker was cyanosed or in anyway clinically abnormal when the specimens were collected. Yfccther the health is ultimately affected following this great increaso in excretion has not beon determined. It is suggested that this examination of the excreted porphy rins might prove of value in detecting those hypersensitive to aromatic nitro and amino bodies. 332. ' Health Haanrds in the Rubber industry. A.H. Currio. Trans. Inst. Rubber Ind., 15, 137-151 (1939). Tha risks and regulations are surveyed with especial reference to the use of lead compounds, silica, chlorinated naphthalenes, dusts, benzene, carbon disul fide, carbon tetrachloride and trichlorethylene. The industry, 3ays the author, is remarkably free from troubles arising from these sources. 333. Industrial Health Series. U.. Dept, of Labor, Div. of Labor Standards. May 'bo obtained from Sup't of Documents, Y/ashington, D.C., for 5 cents each. No. 10 -- Wood Alcohol Poisoning. 4 pp. -----------------No. 11 -- Chlorinated Solvents. 4 pp. No. 18 -- Injury from Acids and Aklalics. 5 pp. Each bocklot contains data on the industrial sources of the hazard, how the poisoning or injury occurs, signs and symptoms, treatment and care, and methods . of protection and prevention. 334. Blcmicroscopic Studies of tho Effect of Cobalt Dusts (Smaltito end Coboltito) on tho Cornea, a. Policord and J. Roilot. Compx. rend. Sue. de Biol., 132, 192-193 (1939). (Preach). A coasidorablo tine oftor exposure, sncltite, Co(As)2 creates serious reactions. Sulfarsenide of cobalt (cobeltitc) causes only a slight reaction. .335* Comparative Tcxicitioa of Cobalt and Nickel. F. Caujelle. J. pharo. chimie., 29, 410-413 (lS3y).. (French). In animals cobalt Is always less toxic than nickel, the latter causing tha appoaronco of definite symptoms of intoxication much sooner. The fatal doses in dogs is 10-20 mg. par Eg. for aickol, and 30 mg. por Eg.' for cobalt. These doses were determined by intravenous injection of solutions of the chlorides into anesthetized animals. The histologic lesions of the liver and kidneys ore ' more pronounced aftor administration of nickel than after equivalent quantities of cobalt. In equal doses, cobelt chloride activates the salivary and pancreatic amylases to a groator extant than does nickel chloride. 336. 337. Toxicology of Nickel. F. Caujolle ami G . Canal. J.phmrn. chimlo., 29 , 391-405 (1939). (French). The respiratory and cardiac norvo centers are affected. Nickel is removed by all evacuating moons, but as tho action of the motel is intensified tho elimin ation is slower and biliary elimination is almost blocked. These are the re sults of intravenous injections in dogs. The Effect of \Vmst on the Incidence of Cirrhosis Produced bv Lead Arsenato. W.C. vim Uxu.in i\uu f'.s. Flinu. ,-jn.j .rath. id, VVi-Vux (19j9T. In n aeries of rabbits given lead arsenate nuT yeast, tho frequency of the areas of hepatic necrosis and tho incidence of cirrhosis woro considerably reduced erm- pnrou to tho3o not given yeast. There sc<:ms to be no connection botwoon hopatic ilyeomen conteat unu tho incidence of cirrhosis. A ^ A Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 1G 338. Manganese Poisoning in the Steel Industry: A Case of Mong?.nlsm in a Perro-Manganp.so V.'orkor. ri. Voss. Arch, f. Gev.-erscpath. u. Gewcrbekyg., _9 453-465 (1939). (German). This is a more complete cbstrect of Item No. 642, November, 1939. Since there hove been only 230 cases of manganese poisoning reported since 1837, the author concludes that it is relatively a rarity considering the extensive use of manganese and its compounds. This is duo, he feels, to the fact that few people have tho constitution for the development of a chronic manganisa, that apparently not all compounds of manganese eon produce chronic poisoning, and that the chronic conditions can only arise where zoonganeso or its compounds are inhalod or swallowed in dust or fume for a sufficiently long period of time in sufficient amount. Damage to the control nervous system has been observed in extraction, sorting, and loading of ores, working up of pyrolusite (iin02) and in processes involving the evolution of metallic fumes, for instance, in weldors using electrodes containing this metal. The most serious cases, however, have 'occurred in men engaged in smelting zinc ores which contained largo amounts of manganese. This patient worked in a poorly ventilated room in which ferro manganese and fcrro-silicon were milled and sieved. Hi3 job was to transport open vessols of ferro-manganese to the mills, to empty them and shovel the metal into the funnel of tho mill. At a lator stage he had to put the finely milled metal through on electrically shaken sieve. Both operations produces vast amounts of dust. His first symptoms were weakness of the left leg end a stony stars. Speech was low and indistinct. He had to quit work and finally become so week and clumsy that he could not stand. His speech become increasingly un intelligible and he -dreoled. There were fits of involuntary weeping and laugh ing. He was relatively impotent but evidently not sterilo. The author sumarizas the neurological findings and differentiates the condition from paralysis agltcns, pseudo-sclerosis, Wilson's disease, post-encophalitic Parkinsonism, multiple sclerosis, etc. That his fellow-worker3 did not develop the syndrome is evidence of predisposition. 339. Tetraothvl Load Poisoning and its Treatment. Experimental Investigations. W. Lanes. Paulsch. nod. V.'chnschr., 65, 1746-1748 (1939). (Geimaa). When animals 7;hieh had been injected with tetraethyl lead were given "dyconorm" (containing the vitamin B complex), their symptoms were diminished very much or lives were prolonged. This offoot, however, was not obtained if the lead was inhaled. Experiments on the brains of animals killed b7 intrnperitoneal injec tion of tetraethyl lead were performed with the Warburg rospiremeter. In the author* s opinion there was a significant decrease of carbon monoxide. He be lieves that the effect of lead tetraethyl (or of lead) depends partly on injur ing the vitamin B -- nicotinic acid cmide complex. 340. Lead Content ef Human Blood. J.1I. Chalmers. Lancet 233, 447-450 (March 9, 1940), (British). Raised concentrations of lead in the blood indicate, in the some way as do stippled colls in blood films, an increased absorption of lead but by no means eenstituto definite evidence of plumbism. They provide a useful estimate of the degroe of oxpesure to load. There is no dose correlation betwoon tho duration of exposure to lead and the blood lead valua. In 70 peoplo with no known industrial exposure to lead, the rango of blood-lead valuoswes 30-89 micrograms per 100 ee. with a moon of 57. In 44 load workers, who had no symptoms of lead poisoning", the hlood-loau values wore 60-192 micrograns per 100 cc. with a mean of 104. There was some slight degroe.of stippling in tho blood films of 34 of theso lead workors. 02391 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 17. 341. They Get the Dust Scfore it Gets -Then. 3.F. Morris. Factory Man. & Main., (Main. Services) pp. 82-83 (March, 1940). This is a description of the results of a plan to control a lead poisoning hazard. Through tho uso of mechanical uust controls supplemented by an intell igent industrial health program, not a caoo resultod in five years in this bat tery plant. Economics resulting from this plan hare offset the cost of install ing end operating a highly efficient, yot simple, control method. Where poss ible, dust vras controlled at its source, but in addition, rospirntors are used on particularly dusty operatiens. Periodic physical examinations, blood tests, and rotation of crews were other 3tops in the control program. Plant surreys wero made at monthly intervals as a chock on oil mechanical safeguards. 342* Effect of Bismuth Therapy rn Latent Plunbisn. E. Epstein. Arch. Dora. Syphil., 41, 38-41 (January, 1940). - The cases of a painter end a smelter worker are presented. Signs and symptoms of lead poisoning in both patients followed the administration of bismuth in the treatment of a syphilitic infection. It is suggested that bismuth may re place the lead stored in the bones and bring on the mobilization of lead, with too development of such symptoms as cramps end a lead line. Prophylactic treat ment of lead poisoning in those exposed tw the influence of the metal may da' crease the incidence of untoward reactions following bismuth therapy. 343. Lead Poisoning. Part I. Penna. Dept, of Labor & Industry, Safe Practice Bulletin ?52, February,.1940. Edited by R. L. Houtz. 'Depending upon the rate of absorption of'lead in the body, its storage in the ^tissue, its mobilization and elimination from the body there are produced the "clinical pictures known as acute, latent and chronic plmbisa. The severity of the resulting toxicity depends on the lend present in the blood stream (not the total lend but the serum or pathological load); the degree of acidosis (pH); and such pathological conditions which interfere with its elimination from the budy. The degree of severity of the symptoms, rather than the kind, indioates the type of plumbism. This is the bulletin which should procode the Port II . which was abstracted as No. 223 in the March (ligost. * 344. The Effect of Vitamin C on Load Pcisoninff. 3.N. Holmes, K. Campbell and E.J. . Acborg. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 24, 1119-1127 (1939). A study of the offoots of vitamin A, D and C, calcium gluconate, lactate and diphosphate and ascorbic acid on men suffering from lead poisoning. The latter substance was suggested by the rcscmblanco between chronic lead poisoning and subclinicsl scurvy. The authors believe that whereas calcium gluconate and lactate cause lead phosphate deposit in tho bones, necessitating cautious de leading, vitamin C causes formation of a soluble but unionized lead ascorbic salt or complex, which is preferentially absorbed in the liver and, with tho aid of the bile, excreted in the feces. Included ia a list of foods providing known quantities of vitamin C. 345. Toxicity of Carbon Monoxide at Hinh Altitudes. J.ff. Heim. J. Aviation Med., 10, 211 (December, 1939). Abstracted from J.Am.Mod.Asstc., 114, 1113 (March 23, 1940). Studios show that a concentration of 0.01ft of carbon nonoxido in the air at 10,000 feot reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of tho hcmcyrlobin by 10.5ft, thereby bringing the blood into a stato of anoxemia. It is thus apparent that a concentration of carbon monoxide which is innocuous at sea level becomes dan gerous at this altitude. It is therefore imperative that not a traco of carbon monoxide should bo permitted to exist in airplano compartments at oven moderate altitudes. 023 qz Digest if Industrial Hygiono - 13. 346* Treatment *f C*r*=c;n i .**. tvxi do P'.-i senior. L. Biact. Prcsso mcd., pp* 1500-1501 (1939). (2ror.cn;. tflicn cxpcscd to illuminating cas passod thr.ugh or. aquarium, goldfish die, Hthaugh they arc not effected by pure corbcr. ji n.*xida. The gas also contains prussic odd in the rsiruat uf 0.1 mg./liter. Swdiun hyp-sulfite added to tho water will ..rovido protection. Experiments with isolated lungs sir. wed that breathing puro oxygen caused carbon runoxids to disappear foster than when only air is inhaled. Additional acceleration was obtained by adding nethylenc blue (0.005 ng./450 cc.) tu the blood streaming through the lung. 347. Carbon lion*.xide Poisoning. T7.D. Ucffally. J. Jlichigan Str.to ;led. Soc., 38, 871 (1939). 'Abnormalities of the-spinal function result fron severe gassing, cad anatomical - changes occur chiefly in the central nervous system. A psych-sis, usually temporary in character, is tho symvton commonly noted after carbon nenoxide poisoning. Confusion and bewilderment is followed by loss of memory. itanesia in some form is the most regular feature of the psychosis, and usually consists in defects of memory. ITervous sequelae vary from slightly increased dee? re flexes to well advanced Parkinsonism. Sensory disturbances consist in skin anesthesia and peripheral motor neuritides. T/hile all the cases will improve, the final result depends upon the initial damage. liyocardial involvement following carbon ucnoxide poisoning is more common than is generally supposed. .Coronary lesions due to this Gas have been often reported. 348. Prevention of Industrial Dermatitis. J.V; JQattder, E.R. Gross and H. Brown. Arch* Bern. St Syphil., j&, 531 (February, 1940). Zn the authors' opinion much of the industrial shin disease is caused by the methods of cleaning the shin. They discuss their studies of shin cleansing, methods end materials used end the use of protective applications, of which they give eight formulae. Substitutes for mechanic abrasive soap are given. TherB is a discussion of various hinds of soaps, and detergents such as tri ethanolamine soap, naphthenic acid soap and sulfonated oils. In the authors' ' opinion the detergent properties of the vegetable ueals is not sufficiently appreciated. 349. Allcrric Occupational Dermatoses. L. Schwarts. J. Allergy, II, 318-322 (liarch, 1940). In a compilation of about 10,000 cases of occupational dermatoses, it was found that tho large majority are caused by primary irritants. It is in the groups listed under plants, dyes, dye intermediates, rubber and its compounds, and vegetable 'oils, fats end waxes that will be found the jsases of allergic occupa tional dezaatoses. These cou;rise less than 18# of the 10,000 cases. In. allergic occupational dermatitis there is always a period of incubation, usually 8 to 21 Cays, although it nay be longer. This definite period of incubation is a very im;ortaat medicolegal point because a worker may justly claim he develop ed an occupational dermatitis three weeks after leaving his last job. Desen sitization as well as sensitisation occurs in industry. Workers who do not develop such an immunity should be transferred to other occupations. If dif ficulties ore encountered using'the pctch teat, the passive transfer should be tried. There is -a list of chemicals given which have .roduced allergic occu pational dermatitis. 02393 Antiseptics 302 Asbestosis 282 Asnerrlllosis 286 Benzene 324-325 Book roviers 276 Bronchomyco si a 283 Caisson workers 300-301 Calcium cyansmide 327 Carbon nonoxide 345-346-347 Carbon tetrachloride 329 Cataract, electric 295 Chloroforn 328 Cobalt 334-335 Dermatitis 348-349 . Dust control 290-291-292-293 Dusts cobalt ochre organic silica 334 284 235 200-281 iinxsx (April, 1940) Banloyability 307 Bye, general 295-314-315 Gas analysis 317-313-319-320-321 Hernia 303 Industrial health publications 333 Industrial hyuiene, general 299 'Industrial neuiclna 305-309 lead 340-341-342-343-344 Lead arsenate 337 Lead tetraethyl 339 Leral decisions 272-273-274-275 l^ttTcnese 338 Ueetlnrs 269-270-271 Hasal filter 287 Hlekcl 335-336 rlitro-benzol 326 Hurso, industrial 310-311 Personnel ea;4oyabilit7 307 medical factors 308 Pareuhenylenedianins 330 Porphyrins, excretion 331 Rasuirators 288 Rubber industry 332 Silicosis, general 277-278-279-289 Solvents, volatile 323 Standards 298 Statistics, morbidity and mortality 296 Tuberculosis 313 Ventilation 316 Syuhilis 304 Welding 294 Women, in Industry 306 Workmen1 s ccrar.ensatlon 322 312 02394