Document Oz0MO5wERbp57MozzL879rEL1

UoYmtexT 2 , I9 ^ e . i ?r. K. Vi, Whar t on, C h i e f , Eg a t a r n d i s t r i c t , Food, an d !>rug A & ain istrn t i o a . SOX V a r ick S t r e e t , ffev; York- C i t y , -year K r, W harton: ^^i?rt*tf-C TOUT* 05T , H f ' - "? a. _ a tta c h in g the e irc u la r tatioient *?ith r e s " J - --* rem oval o f le a d from rnGinl' r *S * \ t ? . l ,xe t ix is e t o t am ent t o o u r e x p e r t * j w J *>r * r tr?iAl ill eadcivviUi-e yvou o,,.ff iJ*t . fc**rt<t >* ***** '**** ttin^ and I Co ra l a l l y y o u r s, C h arles *'esle y punn K& 0306330 .-iS fS S S g ;"s. f RT /r*. '^'.ryrS' / - .&> I BOR .TffiY ^X^RIMW T^ :Ti T?r;- i'Rc -:", -R'nf-?7rr'^;' R x n v M '?' rvy v: -., -. x?c?r The fo llo w in g s tu d i e s i n th e Food and Drug A dm inietm t i : n l a b o r a t o r i e s a r e p resa n to d i n th e hope t h a t th e y j&ay hove some p r a c t i c a l b ea rin g on th e troublesom e problem, o f contam inating; len d i s m aple p ro d u cts* I t 1, o f c o u r s e , th e p ro v in c e o.f th e in d u s t r i e s concerned to te s t on a p la n t seals the a p p lic a b ility o f . these fin d in g s to the removal o f e x istin g lead contam ination and i t s p re v e n tio n in th e f u t u r e . I t may be t h a t th e s e p r i n c i p l e s may a le o f i n d a p p l i c a t i o n ' to s i m i l a r problem s l a o t h e r fo o d i n d u strie s* In the in v e s tig a tio n of lead contam ination of so p le syrups; and su g a rs su sp ic io n was d ir e c te d toward v a rio u s so ld ered and g alv an ized s o ta 111c s u rfa c e s a s p o ssib le so u rc e s. The- f a c t t h a t m aple sy ru p s w i l l te k o up le a d when b o lla d down in c o n ta c t v i t a s o ld e r wae d e m o n stra te d a s fo llo w s? 35 oc o f s y ru p o f 1*68 p*p*is. le a d c o n te n t on t.h e dry b&ni b was d ilu t e d 1 + 34 v i tn w ate r ( t o t a l volume o f w a te r added - 1190 c c ) in o rd e r to o b ta in p p ro x im ately th e s o lid c o n te n t o f the sa p a drawn* The id o s was to s im u la te th e e v a p o ra tio n process* *he s o lu t io n wea b o ile d down in & ?y r x b e a k e r to a pproxim atc ly th e o r ig in a I c o n s is tency of the syrup w ith a piece o f solder (50-60 le a d -tin ) apprx ima t e i y 3 x l/E x 5 /1 6 * ( t o t a l a r e a bout 4*? sq u a re in c h e s ) im m ersed . A fte r b o ili n g down (4 h o u r s } th e s y ru p was f i l t e r e d , s q c upon a n a ly s is showed 18*05 p*p*m. lend dry b asis* I t wa n e x t d e c id e d t o i n v e s t i g a t e p o s s ib le le a d tafceup from impure z in c . 4 sam ple was o b ta in e d from th e Bureau o f ft->a~ a r r V9xil o>i show ed, a c c o rd in g to t h e i r f i g u r e s , 0*53 p er c e n t l e a d . 4 p o r tio n o f th e saaiple a s m e lte d down in a c a s s e r o l e x.o o b ta in a d is c a p p ro x im s te ly f in c h e s in d ia m e te r , o r o f ab o u t 14 sq u a re in c h e s s u rfa c e a r e a . The p rev io u s experim ent was re p e a te d , u s in g th e same syrup o f 1.68 p.p.m* le a d , w ith th e zin c d is c immersed i n th e b o ili n g s o l u t i o n , The le a d c o n te n t o f th e sy ru p a f t e r e v a p o ra tio n to about th e sa n e c o n s ie te n c y , showed .38 p.p.xx. on th e dry b a s is. T his r e s u l t , although e n tir e ly u n fo reseen , was lo g ic a lly ex p lain ed by th e e f f e c t o f e le c tro c h e m ic a l d e p o sitio n of the lead upon the zin c su rfa c e . The ex p e rta sn t was re p e a te d upon an o th er syrup show ing 9.45 p.p.rn. on th e d ry b a si s , u sin g th e same z in c d i s c . The le a d con te n t was lowered to 1*8? p.p.m . dry b a s is . I t was d ecid ed t o t e s t th e e f f e c t o f c o n ta c t w ith both so ld e r end z in c . A ccordingly, 50-50 so ld e r was m elted and poured i nt o a w ell-galvanized p a il about 8-l/fc inches in diam eter, so as to form a so ld e r rin g around the e n tir e in s id e circum ference of th e b ottom . There: were a p p ro x im a te ly 10 q u are in c h e s o f ex p o sed N 7577.0 s o l d e r in the p a i l 70 ee o f th e s y r u p showing 8*45 p .p .m . o f le a d was d i l u t e d w ith 2400 eo o f w a t e r and b o i l e d down to sy ru p c o n s is te n c y , u sin g the d i r e c t flame o f two b u r n e r , t h e lead, c o n t e n t v.-as reduced to 1*86 p .p .ia . These experiments suggested the p o ssib ility of reducing the lead content o f eyrupe and s u g a rs by some sued s i m i l a r t r e a t m eat. t'ln o did n o t recommend i t s e l f b ec au se of i t s sowhet toxic nature, fu rth er, I t Imparted a d istin c tly m etallic taste t o t h e syrups when th e y wera c o n c e n t r a t e d i n th e p re se n c e o f metallic sine. I t rm s d ecided to t r y aluminum in place of s in e . This m et al i s n o n - t o x ic and, b ee&use of i t h i g - e r p o s i t i o n in t h e e i e o t r ocheal cc1 aer i r f ohaul ci fee even s o r e e f f e c t i v e tna n s i n e i n r e - duclng the lend c o n te n t o f s y ru p s . I t was found t h a t when a rampie o f s y r u p o f 1.66 p.p.ta . was d i l u t e d I + S4 and reennou n t r a ted * ! th a p ie c e o f aluminum oh c o t 4 x l - S / 4 i n c h e s (approx S t a t e l y 14 s q u a re i n c h e s ) immersed, the l e a d c o n t e n t wan reduce d to ,24 p.p.ss. on t h e cry b a s is * Taking I n t o s o c o u n t t h a t th e s u r f a c e u r e a of th e oioee of 'luminila s h e e t ana t h a t o f the Eine d i s c were approximate 1 seme, i t would appear t h a t aluminum i s more e f f e c t i v e tn s i n e in r e d u c i n g the le ad c o n t e n t o f th e syrup* 2'urti, .rsaore t no a p p a r e n t m e ta l lic t a s t e was imparted to the syrup in the e v a p o ra tio n p ro cess. .I t was n e x t decided to t r y aluminum d u st t o se e i f f i n e l y d iv id e d m e t a l was e f f e c t i v e in re d u c in g t h e le a d c o n t e n t o f the u n d ilu ted syrup in the c o ld . Accordingly, about 10 grams o f alum inum d u st (of a grade used a the pigment of aluminum p a in t) was added t o 50 cc o f syrup o f 9 .4 5 p.p.m . l e a d co n ten t and the m ix tu re a g ita te d mechanically fo r one hour, i t the end o f th a t time the mixture was f i l t e r e d , and a n a l y s i s of tin syrup sbowed a lead content of 8 . eg p.p.m. Thus a s i g n i f i c a n t low ering was not, but th e a c t i o n I s n o t a s g r e a t 8 when t h e syrup i s d i l u t e d a n c re concon t r a t e d . I t was then decided t o t r y th e f f e c t o f aluminum d u s t upon the i?ot u n d ilu te d syrup. 10 grams o f aluminum dust were mixed with 50 cc o f the same syrup (8.45 p . p . a . ) and heated on the steam b a th under a r e f l u x condenser f o r one h o u r w ith ocoanional shaking. The syrup was f i l t e r e d , and upon a n a ly s t showed 1.55 p.p.m. l e a d dry b asis, shoring th a t the aluminum duet i s q u ite e f f e c tiv e in reducing the le a d c o n t e n t when t h e syrup i s h e a t e d . . Commercial a p p lic a tio n s o f t h is p rin c ip le would appear possible but a r e .a t th is time, of course, a .matter of conjecture. in ly 1, 1936 00G63di