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TECHNICAL NOTES
Fate of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Dairy Products Processed from the Milk Gf Exposed Cows
Abstract
milk, urine, nnd some tissues of hovines exposed
Two actively bietating Jersey cows were
to environmental contamination.
! given orally 10 and 100 mg/kg of poly-
Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides given to
I
chlorinated biphenyls ns n single dose.
lariating animals are, partially excreted in the
1
The milk was collected and Cottage elteesc,
milk, cither per se or ns metabolites (17), tlius
whey, cream, skiinniilk, anil nonfat dry
appearing in milk products (10). poly
'
milk were made. Concent rations anil
chlorinated biphenyls possess certain structural,
)
metabolic forms of polychlorinated bi-
physical, nml chemical similarities to the HUT
J
phenyls were determine,! in the whole milk
pesticides group (3f>). Thus, l'CB share with
and in the processed dairy products.
the DDT group strong lipophilic properties,
Metabolic forms of these biphenyls were
which result in prolonged persistence of PCB
not significantly altered by various pro
in milk and in fatty tissues of the body (14).
cesses. Healing shiminilk substantially
It was believed that PCB in dairy products
decreased total polychlorinated biphenyls.
might create a health hazard. Consequently, our
Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls
preliminary study was undertaken to determine
in the prepared milk products indicates a
tile fate of mc.tabolicnlly incorporated biphenyls
strong predilection of them for the lipid
in cow's milk and their distribution in dairy
phase.
products processed from the milk. .
` Introduction
Experimental Method*
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are used
Two actively lactating Jersey cows,1 weighing
j industrially iu the manufacture of resins, rub- 3G0 nnd 390 kg, wero given orally 10 and 100
j bore, paints, waxes, vnrnisbcs, lubricants, hy- mg of polychlorinated biphenyls per kilogram
[ drnulic fluids, heat-transfer media, etc. (1, 6). of body weight as a single dose. They were
They are also used for dust, prevention, mois- giver, as -/.rodur IJo-,,* u,.ss,JvoJ in a stmiil
j lure proofing, sealing and impregnation, and amount, of olive oil and mixed with dairy con
I vapor suppression to prolong insecticide kill - centrate. Milk from each cow was collected
. life (1). Polychlorinated biphenyls incorpora* and pooled for four days nnd totalled 5G.S and
tiun into pesticide formulations increases the 40.S kg. Cream, skimmilk, Cottage chccsc, and
toxicity of dieldrin nnd DDT (11).
spray-dried nonfat dry milk were prepared
i Polychlorinated biphenyls have been im from each lot of milk. 'Whey from Cottage
; plicated as environmental contaminants of wild cheese was also collected. Cream was prepared
life and fish in JOtiropc (7, 8) nnd North by wanning the Tnilk to 33 C nnd separating
j America (2, 1C) and appear to ho ubiquitous in a conventional separator. The skimmilk,
, (5, Hi). They have been reported as being without further Jient treatment, was used to
I powerful inducers of hepatic enzymes which manufacture Cottage cheese. The eoaguium was
I degrade estradiol (1G) and of possessing an quickly formed with lactic acid and rennin
! nntinndrogcnic-likc effect (13). Poisoning ralhcr than by the more conventional method
j among the general population of western Japan of developing acid by lactic acid-producing
by the ingestion of rice bran oil contaminated bacteria. The curd was neither sailed nor
j with PCD, involving GOO patients was reported creamed. The skimmilk wns heated to 70 C and
' by Kuralsunc (9). The contamination of nuts held for 10 min before concentrating it to
( with PCB during storage nnd transportation 30% solids in a Rogers laboratory evaporator
! was described by Hailey ft. a). (3). Their ut 45 C. The condensed skimmilk was healed
| presence, in human adipose tissue was reported to 50 C and spray-dried in a Swrnum lesriiivi,
I by I'iros et al. (-1). l'laloimw et al. (.14) ro- spray drier willi inlel air at. ITS ami millet
I ported the occurrence of PCB residues in the air at 80 C. Samples of all products, including
whey, were tested for fat by the Mnjrmnicr
1 Animals and facilities wero provided by tho Ontario Department of Agriculture and Pood.
- Aroclor 1234 was kindly supplied by Monsanto Canada T.i<1., Toronto, Ontario.
method (12). Control samples of whole milk and cream were collected foe two consecutive days before the administration of PCB.
Polychlorinated biphenyls were, extracted
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Taut.!: 1. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and the percentages of fat in milk and ntiik produces processed from the. iniil: of cows given polychlorinated Id] lienyls.
Cow 1
Cmv 2
30 mg POB/kg
300 mg I'CB/kg
Sample
PCB
Fat
PCI!
Fat
AVlioln mill: Cream Skimmilk Heated skimmilk Nonfat dry milk Cottage cheese Whey
(mg/kg)
3.S03 23.321
0.-15(5 0.105 1.077 1.4SG 0.2S4
(%) 5.05 17.50
0.3 4 0.34 1.05 1.50 0.03
(nig/kg)
30.000 202.872
7.522 0.427 4.833 5.030
1.021
(%) 5.05
22.00 0.13 0.33 3.51 3.20 0.04
from samples and consequently analyzed ac cording the method of hisclicnlm'cl;ur and Ecnbiohon (3S).
Results and Dbcuuion
Analyses of controls failed to reveal any
background PCB or any other substance
capable of interferin'; with the analytical
procedure.
Concentrations of TCB and percentages of fat in the dairy products nro in Table 1. The amounts of biphenyls showed a predilection for tlie fat, since most PCB was in the cream and
whole milk and least in the skimmilk and
whey. 'The fat content of these samples de
creased in the same order. Ilowevci', the actual
amounts of the biphenyls were not always
proportional to the fat content. Polychlorinated
biphenyls were proportional to the fat content
in the whole milk and cream from both animals, and nearly proportional in the curd and nonfnt dry milk from the animal havin'* the lower dose. Whey from the milk of both animals
contained proportionally more PCB per fat unit than any other sample.
It is of interest that milk from the animal receiving 300 mg of PCB per kilogram con
tained about 30 limes more PCB (lum milk from the cow receiving only 30 mg/lig. More
Ilian a (enfold difference was found in the
cream from (lie two animals. In the oilier
. samples there wos no consistent correlation between the dose and PCB concentration ex
cept that the ratio was less Ilian 30 to 1.
Heating skimmilk from each animal to 70 C
and holding it for 10 min decreased PCB
by two-thirds.
Jovr.NAi. or Dairy Kcibnc* Vol. 64, No. 6
Sixteen distinct gas chromatographic, frac
tions from all samples were numbered according
to the code of Reynolds (15). Fuel) fraction
wns expressed as a percentage of the whole.
The data are in Table 2. The only significant
change in the chromatograms, compared to that
of the standard, occurred in the two samples
of cream where Fraction 1 wus significantly
lowered.
From these dnln, the various processes used i
in our .study did not contribute to significant j
changes in the percentage distribution of PCB '
fractions within the various dairy products. j
On the other hand, heating skimmilk sub- >
slantially decreased total PCB. Wc believe that '
the effect of heat should lie investigated more
fully.
N. 5. PLATONOV/ and H. S. FUNNELL,
:
l
I
Department of Biomedical Sciences; D. H.
BULLOCK and D. R. ARNOTT, Deportment '
of Food Science; P. W. SASCMENBRECKER.
Canada Department of Agriculture, Animal '
Pathology Laboratory, Guelph. Ontario; and ;
D. G. GRIEVE, Dcparlment of Animal >
Science, University of Guelph, Guelph,
' Ontario, Canada .
> I
References
j
(1) Arochlor plasticizers. 10(15. Tech. Dull.. "
O/PL-300. Monsanto Chemical Co., St
Louis, Missouri.
'
(2) Haglcy, G. K, \V. L. Tloichel, and V.. '
' Cromarlic. 1070. Identification of peb-
' chlorinated biphenyls in two bald eagles la .
combined gas-liquid chromatography-m.i--
spcctromotry. J. Ass. Off. Anal. Chemist.
03:251.
(3) Bailey, S., P. J. Bunyan, and F. TV Fid'
wick. 1070. Polychlorinated hiplii'ial'
residues. Clicm. Industr., p. 705.
1
1
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to i l -,
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ri o 'XJ io ( V\J y aa Hg
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s r} =* S. O 2
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1 3- 5. o. =!..
Taw.k 2. Individual fractions of polychlorinated biphenyls chroma:')grains, tabulated in increasing ruder of retention time and expressed
as a percentage of the whole.
Frac tion
^or'
1254 stan dard
Cow 1--10 mg of PCB per kg
.
Whole
Skim-
milk Cream milk
Heated Nonfat Cot-
skiin- dry
tage
milk milk cheese
Whev
1 9.4 2 5.5 2a 2.5 3 n.s 4 11.7 5 9.0 6 9.9 6a 4.5 7 S.l 8 7.1 9 4.5 10 S.4 11 2.6 12 . 2.1 13 1.7 14 1.2
6.1 2.5 0.6 8.S 10.7 S.6 6.0 3.9 12.9 9.1 6.9 13.2 3.9 2.9 2.2 1.8
3.0 4.4 1.2 9.4 11.0 8.S S.7 4.4 12.5 9.7 5.8 11.3 2.9 2.7 2.2 2.0
7.4 9.2
5.0 5.2
l.S 1.7
9.8 13.1
10.8 12.0
8.2 8.0
7.4 S.2
4.6 4.6
12.1
9.1
9.0 S.6
5.6 5.7
10.5
8.0
2.S 1.7 2.1 ' 1.7
'1.7
1.1
1.2 1.1
7.4 5.2 1.7 12.5 . 11.7 7.3 7.2 3.4 10.6 S.9 3.9 11.3 2.C 2.5 2.1 1.7
7.4 4.9 1.8 9.5 10.s 8.2 7.3 4.5 12.0 9.7 5.5 10.9 2.7 2.0 1.7 1.1
S.4 5.6 1.9 11.0 10.9 S.l 7.3 3.S 12.1 S.3 4.9 10.1 2.S 2.0 1.7 1.1
Cow 2--100 mg of PCB per kg .
Whole milk
SkimCream milk
Heated Nonfat Cot-
skim- dry-
tage
miik milk cheese
IV hey
7.7 3.2 0.9 9.1 9.7 S.4 6.S 4.4 10.6 8.7 6.6 10.9 4.1 3.7 2.7 2.5
2.9 4.2 1.1 9.2 10.S ' S.G 9.0 4.5 12.S 9.9 5.9 11.4 2.S 2.6 2.3 2.0
7.2 5.0 1.7 9.S 10.S S.2 7.3 4.6 12.1 9.1 5.7 10.6 2.S 2.1 1.7 1.2
9.5 5.4 1.8 13.2 12.7 S.O S.6 4.6 9.1 S.o 5.6 7.9 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.0
7.3 . 5.2
1.7 12.4 11.0
7.3 7.3 3.4 10.7 9.0 3.9 11.2 2.6 2.6 2.1 1.7
6.9 4.S 1.7 9.0 10.9 S.3 7.4 4.6 12.1 9.S 5.7 10.9 2.S 2.1 l.S 1.2
S.4 5.4 1.9 11.0 10.9 S.2 7.3 3.S 12.1 S.4 4.9 10.1 2.S 2.0 1.7 1.1
TK01IN H M L KOTKM JouxtfAb o r Dairy Bciwnoc Vol. S4, No.
DSW 032653
.JOURSAW Ol- HAIRY BC1UNCI5
ms
Fuliieniaii, nml T. T. Liang. 1909, Bio
(-J) Hiios. V'. A. O. Walker, mu] A. Mcdhory.
logical intcracUon lie) tveen plastic.ir.crs and
1970. Polychlorinated biphenyls in human
iiiNrelicides. .T, Kc.iinnin. Kutomol., 62: 761.
.'ui>i>uu I'u-Miv. Hull, Environ, Contarn. (12) Mojonnicr Bros. Co. Instruction manual for
Toxicol., rv: .171. (5) llnkc, T. IV., .T. I. Lowe. mid A. J. Wilson
setting up and operating tho Mojonnicr milk tester. Hull., 103. Mojonnicr Ilros.
.Tr. 1979. A polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclilur 325-1) in tlio water, sediment, ami
Co., Chicago, Illinois. (12) PJatonow, N., nnd II. S. Fonnell. 1071,
biota oi Escambia )la.v, Florida. Hull,
Anli-androgcnic-like elTcct of polychlori
Knviron. Contain. Toxicol., 5:171. (G) Eller, K. Jh, ami D. J'\ (Winter. 30G<t.
Kne,cclopedin nf Chemical Technology, See.
nated biphenyls in cockerels. Vet. Ilcc., 88;
(Id) P1lu0t0o. now, N., P. W. Suschenhreckcr, mid H. S. Finincll. 1971. Polychlorinated bi
(7) JRenesve, nE, dS.,.,5A: 2. 8G9.. Jnluu'lR, M. Olssoii, nnd
G. Olterliml. 3909. DPT and 1'Cll in marine animals from Swedish wuters. Na
phenyls in enUlu. Canadian Vet. J., 12: lid.
(15) Reynolds, L. M. 3969. Polychlorinated hiphenyls (PCB's) and their interference with pesticide residue analysis. Hull, En
ture, 22-i : 217. (S) Koemnn, ,T, If., M. C, Ten Noevrr Ho Brainy,
and Jt. 11. Do Vos. 1969. Chhniiuilod bi phenyls in fish, mussels ami birds from the r:\-or Rhino and the Netherlands coastal
area. Nature, 221:11110. (0) Kuratsune, M. 19G9. Ail epidemiological
study on Yusho. Fukuoka Acta Med., 62:
viron. Contain. Toxicol., 4:128. (10) Iilscbrough, It. \V., P. Reicho, D. H, Pealed),
S. G. lleininn, and M. N. Kirven. 1968.
Polychlorinated biphenyls in the global eco
system. Nature, .220: 1098. (17) Saha, J. G. 1969. Significance of orpnno.
chlorine insecticide residues in fresh plants as possible contaminants of milk and bet-i
(10) L5i1,3C. . F., R. L. Bradley, and L. IT. Schultz. 1!>?0. Fate of orpanoehloi'inc pesticides during processing of milk into dairy prod ucts. J. Ass. Oft'. Anal. Chemists, 53: 127.
(11) Lichtenstein, E. P., K. It. Schultz, T. W,
products. Res. Rev,, 20: 89. (38) Suschcnhrcckcr, P. W., and D. J. Ecobiclion.
1967, Extraction nild gas chromatographic
analysis of chlorinated insecticides from
animal tissues. Agr. Food Chem., 15:1G8.
i I i
SYMPOS l
Introduction Increasing nun,!,,-,
ill studying the in, recngnilinii of (hi, on the subject \vn, Maryland, Xnvrn.hi symposium wa, spi,Km-tern Market in.- a Veterinary Science, turiil Kcscnrcli Sm Agrictillure, arid the ; College.
The success of the contributions from Division and tin- A;.',Agi had i u i >d iicaca:', of Agriculture: j, Jenseii-SalsLory i..,i Laboratories; I'*:: r.... Laboratories', A rut.a. p.'iiiv; and Eiancu i Lilly).
The objectives of il fold: to jirovidc a cm iulnnunluin mining >. iinnnim' system; I,, r. tjnlnie In be npp'.hd iilins; nnd'to dclvue mjiiiring nlleiitk.n join
Synopsis
An I^A.
KuiIn' ninl Vanina:.1 pnilnil in Mir V.ir:-'.'- Mnilinn that it is t" , vvnllir.si/.cd iiy M.<- tlio respira lory !:*::<* 1 Kudent witii tin: occnv:
1 Senior MiliKir.MUp i 2 Orp.'ima.'ifH.ii .wi J':
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