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[YE Minnesota Departmentof Health East Metro PFC3 Biomonitoring Project DECEMBER 2015 REPORT TO THE COMMUNITY Project Summary Since 2008, MDH has tracked blood levels of perfluorochemicals (PFCs) in people who live in the East Metro as directed by the Minnesota Legislature. Some East Metro drinking water sources were found to be polluted with PFCs in the early 2000s. A public health intervention, including installing filtration systems for polluted public and private wells, reduced PFCs in drinking water to below health-based limits. The East Metro PFC3 Biomonitoring Project is MDH's third PFC biomonitoring project. The project shows that PFC blood levels are going down in long-term residents who were exposed to PFCs in drinking water before the intervention in 2006. Additionally, PFC levels in newer residents who moved to Oakdale after the intervention are similar to levels seen elsewhere in the U.S. The project confirms that efforts to keep PFCs in drinking water below health-based limits are protecting East Metro residents. The PFC3 project tested PFCs in people We measured blood levels of8 perfluorochemicals (PFCs) intwogroups of East Metro residents: * t1049PFlCosngi-ntderrimnkriensgiwdeanttesrobfeOfaokrdeatlhee, iLnatkeervEelnmtoi,onanadndCoptarttaigceipGartoevdeinwphaostwestruedieexs,poasnedd * 156 new Oakdale residents who moved tothearea after the intervention. PFC levels continue to go down in long-term residents 3 Blood PFC levels in long-term East Metro residents MoS I : mu - Ema ros ron os Typeotpic az2o0i008 "aoe eee oThae kraagnedsarteigneoammientatmieonnsSnecyoughahmmofePsCespecHheaoofsbos5.4poofpeuolasti13onansdaroeormhthre20p1r12esNsathieonUaS.l 3617.0001 ==] PFC levels continue to go down in long-term residents (continued) Three PFCs = PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS -- were found in the blood of almost all long-term residents we tested. Levels of these PFCs decreased between 2008 and 2014 in most people. On average, individual levels of PFOSwent down by 45%, PFOA by 59%, and PFHxS by 34% over 6 years. The chart on the previous page shows average PFC blood levels for eachyearwe. tested. PFC blood levels in long-term residents are still higher than levels seen in the U.S. population, but they are getting closer. A small group of people had levels of one or more PFCs that stayed the sameor increased over time. Reasons for this likely include variability inherent in lab measurements (especially when PFC levels are low), ongoing contact with PFCs through products and foods, and differences in the time it takes people's bodies to clear PFCs. PFC levels in new Oakdale residents are similar to the U.S. population .:: 2014 blood PFC levels in new Oakdale residents : | BN PFC levels in the new Oakdale residents we tested were about the same as levels seen in the U.S. population. Statistical tests did not find significant differences between the two groups. One limitation here is that the most recent information for the U.S. population is from 20112012, and we know that PFC levels are going down in the U.S. population. We saw no relationship between the number of years new residents reported living in Oakdale after the 2006 intervention and their PFC levels. Though PFCs are filtered out of Oakdale water, very low levels of some PFCs still end up in the treated water. The results in this grouptell us that it is unlikely that the low levels in Oakdale water are the source of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS in new residents' blood. Instead, low blood levels may be due to ongoing contact with PFCs through products and foods. , 3617.0002 EAST METRO PFC3 BIOMONITORING PROJECT Levels of other PFCs in blood are very low Blood levels of PFBAwere low. It was detected in a higher proportion of long-term residents in 2014 (345%) than in 2010 (20%), and in 45% of new Oakdale residentsA. small amount of PFBA is found in treated Oakdale drinking water. The city's filtration system is effective at . removing most PFCs, but PFBA breaks through the filtera short time after it's replaced every year. Its possible that PFBA was detected more in 2014 because blood samples were collected after the PFBA breakthrough occurred. PFBA does not build up in the body like PFOS, PFOA, and PFHXS= t's cleared in a matterofdays. Its also found in dust and household products. `The project measured another PFC called PFNA for the first time. PENA is not a known pollutant of East Metro water, but itis used in food packaging and furniture treatment. Levels of PNA in both long-term residents and new Oakdale residents were significantly lower than levels seen in the U.S. population. `The remaining PFCs PFBS, PFHxA, and PFPeA -were not detected in most people. PFC levels are related to sex, age, and drinking polluted water Sex and age were related to PFC levels in long-term residents and new Oakdale residents. Older ptiemoep.leMetenndtetnodhtaovehahvieghheirghPeFrCPlFeCvellesveblescianuspaertthbeesceacuhseemiwcoamlsecnancabnuiclldeaurpPiFnCsthtehbrooudgyhover menstruation, childbirth, and breastfeeding. In long-term residents, PFC levels were also related to the number of years drinking unfiltered water in the East Metrobefore the intervention. This makes sense because drinking water was the major source of exposure before the intervention. There are some links between PFC levels and race/ethnicity and income We looked at PFC levels by race/ethnicity, homeowner status, and household income to check if some groups are exposed to PFCs more than others. * In new Oakdale residents, PFHS levels were slightly o higher in non-Hispanic white people compared to all other people. We did not see any other differences by race/ethnicity, but wewere unable to lookatspecific racial/ethnic groups because of small numbers. = There was no clear patter between PFC levels and income. = We did not see differences in PFC levels between people who rent and people who own their homes. 3 3617.0003 EAST METRO PFC3 BIOMONITORING PROJECT PFC levels can be partly explained by blood donation history and product use y figs) BI RF v . fod) So We found that PFC levels were related to blood donation history. In long-term residents, people who reported donating blood in the last 2 years had lower levels of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHXS. We asked participants questions about using products that `may contain PFCs. We found that having new carpet installed at work was related to higher levels of PFOA `among new Oakdale residents. We did not find links to other products like non-stick cookware, waterproofing sprays, and new furniture. We asked about consumptionof foods that may contain PFCs, ike foods that come in grease resistant packaging, but id not find eating specific food items was related to PFC levels. More information on PFCs in East Metro drinking water PFCs are chemicals used to make products that resist stains, grease, water, and heat. Some public and private drinkingwater wells in the East Metro were found to be polluted with PFCs in 2004. A public health intervention reduced PFCs in drinking water to below health-based limits. . a,=F HR re BEMERREE & | SR Image: Git of kcal water ament pant Alarge granular activated carbon (GAC) system was constructed in 2006 to filter PFCs out of Oakdale ciithy wpatrers.inLatkheeiErlpmroivaatnedwCeoltltwaagteeGrrwoevreerepsriodveindtesd filtration systems for their homes or connected to Lake Elmo city water. MDH continues to test public 3nd private well water to be sure that water levels stay below health-based limits. You can learn more information about our past East Metro PFC biomonitoring projects at our website htto://tinyurl.com/PFC3project or by calling us at 651-201-5900. For more information on PECs in Minnesota water and PFCs and health, visit http://www health state mn.us/divs/eh/hazardous/topics/pcs. EMnivnrnoensomtaanDlepHaretsmeTnrtacokfinHgenthd FO oxsases, spo I6T5M12e0S1S5Ie9G0E0. hesracking Sune mat C. 9r0o MnvIimNmmeTAntRSAaCGa4rKEIoNsG ote: 272912015 Tionoabtdafienretnhit5s1fio2nrf0moa1rtm5,a9tci0aol0n 4 3617.0004