Document OapjbvaXx1KLZOBmMRmKqaGM

1tea ft gabber Coapany Tottetowa cosplex and died during the period 1947*74 he# been exaslaed. Ughey-flve of the 433 deceased employees worked lu tbe chemical plant or plastics pleat end vere exposed to vinyl chloride; * the raalalBg 348 worked la the tire pleat end were not exposed to vinyl ehloridw* Seetk ecriificete* were obtained for- ell 433 .asployces sad *'* tease of death was coded according to the 8th revision of Tha International Hat of Hooaaoo end Caueea of'Death (29$?} by Klcheel, Bedeat H.9* Twelve m eaployces hav# been Identified es having died la the period 1947*74 (2 exposed and 10 neaeaeposed) hut cause-of-daath information was not available for these eo#8oyecs at the tiae of this analysis. The 443 Atlll nllve (207 or 91Z) or deceased (3 or IX)# Ho follow-up was performed * on nonexposed ex^cnployeei* * There vas on excess of malignant neoplasias in both the exposed and | nonoxposed employees, and a statistically significant excess In major cardio vascular deaths In the nonexposed employees, compared with the US. male population (1968) adjusted for age at death (Table. 1)* Comparison of the exposed employees vlth the nonexposed employees shovs a slight excess In malignant neoplasms and a small deficit in major cardiovascular deaths In the exposed (Table 2)--neither statistically significant* Further comparisons Involving 4 subgroups of the exposed employees (< 10 years vork exposure; - 10 years vork exposure; "low" level exposure; "medium" level exposure) shov no significant differences between observed and expected deaths (Tables 3-8). Two findings should be stressed: (2) One death due to sngiecrcnni?i of the liver vas confirmed In an employee, classified as having had "medium" level exposure, who died in 1969 at the age of 51--21 years after first exposure to vinyl chloride (vlth 19.4 years * of vork exposure). This single angiosarcoma death vas the same one previously Identified (independently) by Firestone. / (2) The ages-at-dcath were significantly lover In the exposed employees / compared with the nonexposed employees (p < ,05); the mean ( S.D.) ages of dcatl being 55.3 ( 13.1) " exposed and 59.5 ( l4.6)-noncxposed (Tables 9 and 10), In particular, 21 out of the 22 deaths due to malignant neoplasms (95.52) for the exposed employees occurred at ages < 65 compared vlth 44 out of 73 (60.32) for the nonexposed. This difference is statistically significant at the 0.01 probability level. On the other hand, 32 out of the 46 dcaths'duc to major cardiovascular diseases (69.62) for the exposed employees occurred at ages < 65 compared vlth 121 out of 218 (55.5Z) for the nonexposed--a 23397002 -2- t / *? 3 BFG25458 difference that la not statistically slgnlfleant* Thus* the earlier ages acted for the cancer deaths In the exposed group of* employees may not be solely attributable to a presumably younger cohort at risk* t BFG25459 P'f 23397003 TABLE 1.-Observed and expected7 number of deaths due to selected causes among exposed and nonexposed employees, 1947*74 Cause of death .List Ko\+ Malignant neoplasms Digestive Liver , Respiratory system Urinary organs Brain Lymphatic and hematopoietic Other * '. Major cardiovascular Cirrhosis of liver Accidents Suicides All other eauses .Total 140-209 150-159 155 * 160-163 188-189 191 200-209 390-448 . 571 800-949 950-959 # 0-989 Observed (and exneetcd) deaths Exnosed Koncxno*frf 22(15.4) 73(61.1) 8(4.3) 24(U. S) 1 8(5.4) 1(0.8) 1 3 25(19.9) 3( 3.5) 3 1(2.1) 7( 7.8) 3 11 46(41.1) 218(178.5)** 3( 1.8) 8( 8.0) " 0( 2.5) 6(16.2) 85(85.t) 4( 5.7) 21( 28.9) 6( 8.3) 26( 65.5) 348(348.0) # Age-adjusted expected numbers determined from relative frequency of specific eauscs of death among U.S. white males in 1968* + . '* 'ElghUirevlslon of International List of Diseases and Causes of Death, 19C7. ^Statistically significant difference (P < 0.01), -* BFG25460 n/ N CJ CJ CO X g 2AB1X 2.-Observed and expected number of deaths due to selected causes, vith chisquare values, aaong exposed employees. 1947-74 Cause of death Malignant neoplasms * * Humber of deaths List No.+ Observed Expected 4 140-209 22 19*4 Mantel--l!acnszel summary Chi--seuarc values 0.36 Digestive Liver ' 150-159 * % 8 6*5 0.23 , . 155 .1 - 1*0 0.33 Respiratory system tJrinary organs . 160-163 - . . 188-189* Brain * '' /' 191 Lymphatic and hematopoietic 200-209* Other ** . 8 1 * 1 .1 3 . 6.8 * .. 0.11 0.7 . 1.0 0.09 0.33 1.9; * 0.00 2.5 * - Major cardiovascular . Cirrhosis of liver Accidents Suicides All other causes 9 Total 39*0-448 f * . 571* . 800-949 ' 950-S59 '~ 0-989 " 46 3 8 0 6 85 50.5 1.6 '* 6.7 1.1 5.7 * e 85.0 9 1.08 '*0.65 0.18 0.46 - Age-adjusted expected numbers determined from relative frequency of specific causes of death among the 348 nonexposed employees, with adaptation of the Mantcl- Hacnszcl procedure* * *|5ce footnote, table 1* - 23397005 BFG25461 19 I I'll* TABLE 3.-Observed and expected* number of deaths due to selected causes, with chisquare values, aaong employees with < 10 years work exposure, 1947-74 Cause of death Halicaant neoplasms * Humber of deaths List Ko.T Observed Exnected * 140-209 16 12.2 . Mantcl-Hacr.sacl summary Chl-scuare values * . 1*37 Digestive 150-159 6 4.0 0.71- . Liver 155 Respiratory system 160-163 ' 0 0.6 4 7 4.5 0.01 1.17 . Urinary organs * Brain . * * 188-189 . . 191 Lymphatic and hematopoietic 200-209 m9 9 0- 6.8 0 0.6 1 ' . 1.4 t 2 V. V *. 0.23 0.01 . 0.02-...... ijor cardiovascular Cirrhosis of liver . `Accidents Suicides All other causes . 390-44S 26 57l' *1 800-949 7 . 950-959 0 3 *31.0 0.9 4.9 0.8 3.2 '2.10 " . .0*25 0.87 0.13 Total 7 *5eo footnote, table 2*- f Soo footnote, table 1* . 0-989 a * 53 *. 53.0 9 e m % .. A e 23397006 4 BFG25462 .m 4 TABLE 4.-Observed end e*xpectedt number of deaths due to selected causes* with chiSquare values, among employees with 10 years work exposure, 1947-74 Cause of death List Ko-^" Number of deaths Observed Ercncetcd Malignant neoplasas 140-209 6 6.8 * Digestive * *50-159 2 2.2 Liver .Respiratory system ' Drinary organs m* ** -155 . * . . 160-163 188-189 * 1 1* 0.4* m .2.2 1 ' 0.3 Mantel--Kaenszel summary Chi--souare values 0.01 o;o4 r * . P.05 0.26. 0.08 Brain 191 1. 0.4 0.05 Lymphatic and hematopoietic 200-209 0 0.7 Other i i.o* MW. ' ; 0,05 - Major cardiovascular Cirrhosis of liver 0 390-448 571 20 2 20.2 0.5 0.01 * v 1*88 Accidents . Suicides All other eauscs 800-949 950-959 * 1 0 3 1.7 0.5 # 2.3 :f*; 0.04 o.oo . -* Total . 0-989 * ^Scc footnote, table 2. t?ca footnote, table 1. 9 32 * * 32.0 ** * .. i 23397007 BFG25463 ... 118 TABLE 5.-Observed and expected' number of deaths due to selected causes* with chisquare values* among employees with < 10 years work exposure* 1947-74 * Cause of death ,* e Number of deaths List Ko.+ Observed Expected Mantcl-JLicnczcl summary Chi--ssuare values - Malignant neoplasms m * Digestive Liver . Respiratory system * *. : *` 140-209 150-159 155 . . 160-163 16 14.8 * 0.15 * 6 0 7 * ` 5*5 . 0.7 m 5.2 0.00 .'** 0.15 m 1.12 - Urinary organs . 188-1S9 6 .0.7 . 0.15 Brain ' * 191 0 0.7 0.06 Lymphatic and hematopoietic * 200-229 Other . * . Major, cardiovascular Cirrhosis of liver * . 390-448 sVi- Accidents 800-949 Suicides All other causes . a Total- 950-959 0-989 * 1. 0.7 .2.0 26 1' 26.9 *1.7 * 7 5.7 ' . 0 0.0 3 3.9 53 53.0 *0.28 0.04 0.07' 0.48 0.00 --. `^Age-adjusted numbers determined from relative frequency of specific causes of death ononr, the 32 employees with 1 10 years work exposures* with adaptation of the Mantcl-Jtacnsscl. procedure. See footnote* table 1. . # 23397008 _Y 4 _________ BFG2S464 nci 4 XM2LE 6.-Observed and expected number of deaths due to selected causes, with chi- square values, among employees In the "low" level exposed group, 1947-74 Cause of death , Malignant neoplasms Digestive liver % > Number of deaths List Mo.+ Observed mectcd 140-209 .* n 10.2 . %150-159" *. 135 3 3.4 1 ' 0.5 Mantel--Kacnszcl summary Chi-scuare values 0m .01 0.42 r. 0.00 Respiratory system . Urinary organs 160-163 . 188-189 4 1- 3.6 . 0.3 ' 0.00 0.28 Brain Lymphatic and hematopoietic . * Olltux . *. 191 200-2C9 * .* -- 1 *. * 0.5 0 . ; 1.2 * 0.00 * ` * 0.11 Major cardiovascular Cirrhosis of liver Accidents Suicides All other causes " .390-448 V 571* 800-949 950-959 -- 26 27.6 2 1.0 " ' 7 4.6 0. 0.8 1 2.8 0.13 6.35 * 1.15 0.12 - Total 0-989 47 47.0 i, - See footnote, table 2 See footnote, table 1* 23397009 BFG25465 f$o . TABLE 7.-Observed and expected^ nuaber of deaths due to selected causes, with chi- square values, acong employees In the "acdlua" level exposed group, 1947-74 Cause of death -, Malignant neoplasms Digestive . % tiusber of deaths List Ko.T Observed faceted 1 40-209 150-159 11 3 8.6 2.8 Mantel-Haensrcl sum gy Chi-seuarc valuer 0.62 * 0.03 . - Liver .Respiratory systca 155 160-163 1 `4 0.5. - _ . 2.9 0.00 0.14 Urinary organs 188-189 1 * 0.4 . *0.03 Brain 191 Lymphatic and hematopoietic 200-299 Other * Major cardiovascular # `.390-448 Cirrhosis of liver 57* # Accidents Suicides 800-949 950-959 All other causes -- Total 0-989 i9 , 20 1 1 0 5 38 1 '"0.5 0 0.9 2;. i.i.; 23.9 0.5 ` 1.9 . 0.5 ' 2.6 % 38.0 0.00 0^19 * 1.52 .0.00 0.11 0.00 1 ' - *t See footnote, table 2. 'See footnote, table 1* #* % Topees BFG25466 .t iff # V .-W( TABLE 8.-Observed and expected nuaber of deaths due to selected causes, with chisquare values, among caployocs In the "low" level exposed group, 1947-74 Cause of death 40 > Kunber of deaths List tfo.+ Observed H:-:Dieted Mantel-Ha enszu1 summary Chl-souare values Malignant neoplasms Digestive * Liver ' Respiratory system Urinary organs Brain - Lymphatic and hematopoietic Other *. Major cardiovascular Cirrhosis of liver Accidents r Suicides All other causes Total- 140-209 - 150-159 155 . 160-163 188-169 191 200-209 39 90-448 six 800-949 950-959 ' . ----0-989 11 12.5 5 . . 0. *. 4 4.6 0.5 . ;4.4 . 0 0.6 0 0.5 .1 1 26 2 0.7 1 1.7 24.0 i.s *; t 7 '0 1 4 47 5-3 0.0 3.7 47.0 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.28 0.48 0.00 1.01 0.00 . - I %e Age-adjusted numbers determined from relative frequency of specific causes of death among the 38 employees in the "medium" level exposed group, with adaptation of the Kantcl-IIacnsacl procedure. lSce footnotew, table 1. ** BFG25467 *'9A t CO CO CO o Table ^.-Distribution of deaths by age and cause for cxpohed and noncxposcd employees, 1947-74 I I Cause of Death I Malignant neoplaaes i l Digestive \ List Ko.'f Group* 140-209 150-159 E. ME E ME l 34' 0 0 0 0 35-44 3 11 1 2 Ana at Death 45-54 5 15 55-64 13 18 34 65 t 65 Total 1. 29 0 11 22 . 73 8 24 Respiratory ays tea * 160-163 E NE *0 1 0 6 05 3 8 18 9 25 Urinary organs * * 186-189 E KE * 0 0 00 10 0 V* 0 2 1* 3 \i Lysphetlc and heaatopoietle w! 200-209 E a < KE 01 0 0 00 4 2 01 17 Major cardiovascular 390-448 E 0 4 19 9 , 14 46 KE * ** 3 *`13 58 97 218 Cirrhosis of liver 571 E KE 0 0 1 1 1 :3 01 2 1 04 Accidents 800-949 E 41 3 0 08 h ME . 11 4 5 0 1 21 Suicides 950-959 E ME 0 0 0 0 0 .0 1 2 1 0 2 *6 i All other causes Total --- . `e NE 0-989 E * ME 0 3* 1 33 4 1 16 2 14 26 4 11 18 34 29' 24 17 85 74 79 143 3*8 ; *E " btpond* NS Koncxposed* See footnote, table 1* BFG25468 2T0/.6EC2 v 4 TABLE lO.-Distribution of age at death by year of death for exposed and noaexpoaed groups Year of Death 1947-54 Crouo" E .HE 1955-59 E HE '-a 1960-64 e 1965-69 E HE `E KE to 3 * 4^ 1970-76 Total E KE .E HE t E * Exposed KE m Kontxposed < 34 1 8, 1 4 o ' 2 1 2 1 2 4 18 33-44 0 3 3'. 7- 2 11 ' '3 10 3 3 11 34 Age at Death 45-54 55-64 00 11 8 * 31 98 10 1* .. 6 W 9 23 7 17 29 * 74 6 18 11 29 24 79 & 65 Total 0 .* 3 V. 1 33 . .0 8 17 45 1* 31 19 74 3 * 39 13 53 17 -Mi- 22 92 35 104 . 85 --j--348_ ETO^SCeZ