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FILE NAME Industrial Hygiene Foundation IHF DATE 1964-1970 DOC IHF113 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Industrial Hygiene Digest - Abstracts Sections Oct. Oct. 9. i t has ! aetys = o-ines a Mh 2009 10:26 Industrial Hygiene Digest No. 0134 P. 2 April contain asbestos products from the roof to the basement It would be a hard turn of fate if the avoidance of ordinary pulmonary asbestosis might lead to an increased mesothelioma of the pleura frequency of or peritoneum presumably because the population is living longer and the carcinogenic action of asbestos has a longer time to act It might be well to start now to restrict some of the unnecessary and possibly dangerous uses of asbestos =~ APCA Absts sa, 5 ; 376 Peritoneal Tumours in Asbestosis J.B. Enticknap and W. Smither Brit Ind Med 21 20-31 Jan. 1964 1 Eleven cases of diffuse abdominal tumors in association with exposure to asbestos were discovered in the years 1958 to 1963. There 8 men and 3 women all of whom had worked in the same factory In 7 of the men the age at death ranged from 38 to 78 is still alive at the of 46. The years one : man age women died at 44. 61 and 67. The survival time after the first exposure varied from 20 to 46 years The shortest period of exposure was 10 months and the longest 32 years All three of the main commercial types of asbestos had been involved in their working operations Histological confirmation of the nature of the tumor has been obtained at necropsy in 9 of the 10 deceased and at biopsy in 6 including the survivor A remarkable feature of these cases is the minimal fibrosis found in the lungs In 3 men and one woman asbestosis was not diagnosed during life disabled by pulmonary fibrosis and no patient was completely - Authors abst PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT we 377 Medical and Industrial Hygiene Controls H.E. Tebrock N. Young and W. Machle J. Occ Med 5 564-567 Dec. 1963 The principles of controlling environmental laser hazards are as follows 1 Avoidance of principal beam and its reflection 2 Proper education of personnel involved 3 General information given those who might be casually exposed 4 Use of warning devices to indicate laser in operation 5 Policing and clearing of area for range operation 6 Use of proper antilaser eye shields on any observer likely to be exposed 7 Use of downs with persons closing eyes or looking away from pulsed highpower beam 8 Reporting of all persistent images to medical department 9 Fundoscopic lamp examination of all people involved in laser operations Laser research may well lead to beams of longer and longer wave length as new materials are discovered that satisfy laser requirements There is also a simultaneous effort to secure increased power output Since new effects may be noted the equipment changes new or additional health and safety requirements must necessarily be formulated to meet the ever changing experiments -- Authors summary 378 How to Cope With Electric Noise J. Campbell ' Machine Design 35,139 158 35,139 158March 1963 Noise of magnetic and mechanical origin in electric motors is discussed diagrams of airborne noise and vibration levels are presented for various types of electric motors establishing specifications for maximum permissible noise values and steps to reduce motor noise are described This article is based on a year investigation performed at the Norwood Development Laboratory of the Chalmers Manufacturing Company -- J.Am. Soc Safety Eng Absts 809,420 809,420 see crn tred 2Z ee Bamone oe Sor egt e en SS e e Ae ao ame Ae Te e ay Ne EP gr Soe 9. 2009-10 AM- _No 013P 4 3 568 Nine Years Toxicity Control in Insecticide Plants Plants Environmental 1. Hoogendam J.P.J. Versteeg and M. de Vlieger Arch Environmental Health 10 441-448 March 1965 j More than 300 workers have been employed in the Royal Dutch plants in Pernis manufacturing aldrin dieldrin and endrin over periods up to nine years These workers have been under thorough medical supervision including periodic electroencephalographic examinations and liver function tests Seventeen of them had convulsive intoxications Five of these 17 had more than one convulsion each Clinical neurological and electroencephalo graphic recovery has been rapid and complete in all cases after removal from exposure though at times this was only temporary No impairment of liver function could be detected The pattern and rate of absenteeism is not different from that of other industrial workers The maintenance and supervision of hygienic discipline and selection in personnel placement are important factors in controlling toxicity hazards -- Authore summary 569 Bird Mortality after Spraying for Dutch Elm Diocase with DDT C.F. C.F. Wurster Doris H. Wurster and W. Strickland Science 148 90-91 April 2 1965 Jr. In Hanover New Hampshire where elms were sprayed with DDT 151 dead birds were found 10 dead birds were found in Norwich Vermont where no DDT was used Chemical abst analyses of dead birds observation of symptoms of DDT poisoning and a population decline after spraying all indicate severe mortality among certain species in Hanover Authors INDUSTRIAL DUSTS 10 Asbestosis Carney Arch and Pulmonary Carcinoma F.R. Dutra and J.D. Environmental Health 416-421 editorial comment 422-423 March 1965 Asbestosis is a chronic progressive pulmonary disease which results from irritation of the lungs by crystalline asbestos fibers The disease is often unsuspected clinically because the occupational exposure to dust containing asbestos fibers has not been elicted and because the chest films may not be diagnostic even in the presence of disabling abnormality In asbestosis pulmonary and subpleural fibrosis distort the lungs and lead to respiratory insufficiency Squamous metaplasia of the bronchial epithelium is induced by the irritating fibers and in some cases there is progression to squamous cell carcinoma of the lung Pleural mesothelioma is also reported particularly in cases of asbestosis in South Africa -- Authors summary 571 Pulmonary Function of Uranium Miners V.E. Archer H. Brinton and K. Wagoner Health Physics 10 1183-1194 Dec. 1964) Analysis has been made of several ventilatory function field measurements made on uranium miners in 1957 and in 1960. Results show that cumulative exposure to the atmosphere in uranium mines adds to the loss in ventilatory function that results from aging and from cigarette smoking The data indicate that high radon daughter levels are associated with transient improvement in ventilatory function Two possible explanations of this transient improvement are discussed Long exposures within uranium mines are definitely detrimental to ventilatory function There are 34 references -- Public Health Eng Absts 572 Error in the Determination of Average Concentration of Dust as a Function of the Number of Individual Measurements J. Juda and K. Budzinski Staub 24 283-287 Aug. 1964 German The strong dependence of dust concentration on time leads to difficulties in the de- termination of the average value A formula which reproduces the sum frequency of the dust concentration distribution with sufficient accuracy is given The relationships for the tolerance in determination of the average value are derived and the results are shown in a diagram 16 -- APCA Absts i ee agSheetal ieee em ae ne mete , ee Oct. 9. 2009 AM Industrial Hygiene Digest ows lin reed May 1964 483 Particle Deposition by Diffusion in the Lower Lung Application of Dimensional Analysis Friedlander Hyg.Assn Hyg.Assn J. -Feb 1964 Using dimensional analysis an expression is derived for the dependence of the particle removal efficiency of the lower lung on the particle diffusion coefficient the time per breath and parameters related to the structure of the lung The analysis is limited to particles smaller than a few tenths of a micron in diameter for which diffusion is the controlling mechanism of removal It is not necessary to assume a special model for the structure of the lung The analysis can be used to correlate and extrapolate experimental data it can also be used to predict the size of the largest particle which is almost completely removed in the respiratory region -- Author's abst 404 Asbestos Exposure and Neoplasia J. Selikoff J. Churg and Hammond Am Med Assn 188 22-26 April 6 1964 Building trades insulation workers have relatively light intermittent exposure to asbestos Of 63Z insulation workers who entered the trade before 1943 and were traced through 1962 45 died of cancer of the lung or pleura whereas only 6.6 such deaths were expected Three of the pleural tumors were mesotheliomas there was also one peritoneal mesothelioma Four mesotheliomas in a total of 255 deaths is an exceedingly high incidence for such a rare tumor In addition an unexpectedly large number of men died of cancer of the stomach colon or rectum 29 compared with 9.4 expected Other cancers were not increased 20.5 were expected 21 occurred Twelve men died of asbestosis -- Authors abst PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT 485 Chronic Skeletal Changes in Divers P.C. Alnor Bruns Beitr Klin Chir 207 475 Dec. 1963 and the Based on follow examination of 131 divers new ideas about the orgin development of chronic injuries of the skeletal system were gained Among 131 divers there were 72 pathological findings in the skeleton which in 15 of them were monostor and in 57 polyostotic The head of the humerus was the most prominent site of lesion whereas in caisson workers the head of the fe- maris is most frequently involved In group of 65 divers who were followed up for more than a decade 43 had skeletal changes Of these 26 had no symptoms Of the 17 who had complaints 7 were without loss of function 3 had a loss of function . and 7 were incapable to work in their occupation The role that diver's accidents play in the development of skeletal changes is discussed The rare occurrence of spontaneous bends resulted in skeletal injuries in more than half of the cases It is concluded that typical skeletal changes may develop at any time even a long time after the diver stopped working and also when he had never experienced accidents or bends -- Am Med Assn References & Reviews 486 Treatment of Severe Decompression Sickness in Aviators Brit Med J. 1 278 Feb.F1eb.1 1964 P. Cannon and T.R. Gould Four cases of the decompression collapse syndrome are described in aviators who have been exposed to a simulated altitude of 37,000 11,277 m in a decompression chamber The factors which predispose to the development of this 809,422 809,422 fb eetee apes w 23 hain ar Ses a n. e 1 TT w Oct. 9. 2009 /1207AMygiene Digest \ it It' a= 281 Fundamentals of Silicosis Research K. Thomas Schweiz med Wochschr 94 213-217 Feb. 15 1964 poaer No. 0134 MP 5 1965 | The author discusses the conditions which have a bearing on the development in ex- perimental intraperitoneal tests of the stratified hyaline granuloma which is characteristic of powders s^>licosis Special attention is drawn to the granule size and the surface texture of the the crystalline texture of the SiOz material on the other hand is not particularly significant The recently discovered pressure and temperature modified materials called Coesit and Stischowit will probably provide further insight into the primary mechanism of the damaging reaction of the SiO2 particle after phagocytosis These investigations fall within a hitherto neglected sphere of biological chemistry known as solid biology In this field the relation of the texture of solid surfaces to certain metabolic reactions is studied -- APCA Abstg | 28Z Experimental Tricalcium Phosphate Crystallosis H.A. Reimann Thelma Ducanes and R. Gatter Arch Environmental Health 10 33-36 Jan. 1965 Crystals smaller than 5 microns of tricalcium phosphate a component of some denti- frices entered the intestinal mucosa of rats after ingestion and their lungs after intracheal injection Intraperitoneal injection caused local microscopic foreign granulomas The lungs and the gut served as portals of entry for the hematogenous and lymphogenous systemic dispersion of crystals They were deposited in normal appearing tissues or caused areas of mild or severe inflammation and granulomas v Authors summary A 283 Lung Structure to Response to Particulate P.P. Yevich 1 Arch Environmental Health 10 37-43 1965 One of the main anatomical differences between the lung of the dog and rat is in the ! terminal portions of the bronchial tree Exposure of dogs and rats for long periods to oil mist | and calcined diatomaceous earth revealed that the histopathologic response in the dog was limited i to accumulation of particulates and macrophages around the respiratory bronchioles the | alveolar spaces of the air sacs were free of any changes In the rat the histopathologic changes {i showed accumulation of particulate macrophages in the alveolar spaces and around the blood vessels Phagocytosis of the particulates by macrophages was seen in both species of { animals Accumulation sites differed between the rat and dog This probably was due to i lack of lymphatics and a long respiratory bronchiole in the terminal portions of the bronchial tree of the rat lung Bronchoconstriction in the dog may be an important factor for the accumu- lation of particulates in this area That the human lung accumulates particulates around the respiratory bronchioles has been shown by numerous researchers -- Author's summary | 284 Asbestosis and Lung Cancer W.J. Williams Arch Environmental Health 10 44-45 Jan. 1965 ij bt . This report records 52 American cases of asbestosis among whom there were 10 patients with malignant tumors an incidence similar to that reported in Britain There are 17 references -- Author's conclusion | 285 Lung Function Changes in Talc Pneumoconiosis M. Kleinfeld et al | J. Occ Med 7 12-17 Jan 1965 t { Pulmonary function tests were performed in 16 workers who were engaged in the milling of tale for more than 10 years and had clinical and roentgenographic findings consistent with tale i pneumoconiosis In 14 of 16 the pneumoconiosis was symptomatic Dyspnea was the predominant . |. symptom Cough was present but was not consistent The mean duration of exposure for the group was 20.4 years with a range of 13-26 and the mean weighted average exposure was 68.9 ppcf The latter exceeds the present threshold of 20 mppc^>as recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists The changes in pulmonary function indicated primarily that there was an impairment in ventilatory function and diffusion capacity DLC ficant number of individuals The changes in ventilatory function were ) in a signi- of a restrictive type although in some instances an obstructive component was also present Some correlation was found between DLco and clubbing and pulmonary infiltration The total lung capacity showed a correlation with clubbing only There are 11 references -- Authors summary 20 _ TR ROD el cae mn er elitesene bal 209 449 wen often Mock y. = ae NN vr i -_- momen 9. 9. 2009 10:27 Industrial Hygiene Digest 01 01343 P. 64 965 . ya | if I! :i alt ee) | ge a aa ae ase - et =e j | poet.e ee iM ee ft nestoe , f ca : i han Sern, Tele rie sections of unexpanded lungs were also in each slide Routine histological were examined were found in 41 of the subjects They were not examined in all cases Asbestos bodies males the incidence was 47 and encountered in persons up to 24 years of age Among fibrosis was encountered in females 34 Although significant microscopic pulmonary : instance of classical asbestosis was found Mesothelioma of the in two positive cases no not encountered Primary lung carcinoma occurred in one patient with asbestos pleura was -- Authors abst bodies and in one without 687 Benign Asbestos Pleurisy B. Eisenstadt Am Med Assn 192 419-421 May 3 1965 The clinical picture of benign asbestos pleurisy differs greatly from that of classical in the absence of significant pulmonary disease and respiratory asbestosis ItThmiasyenotcictuyrmust be considered in the differential diagnosis of any form of the attention dysfunction The history of exposure to asbestos will aid in directing idiopathic pleurisy the final diagnosis depends on a lung tissue specimen containing to this entity however -- Author's summary asbestos corpuscles or asbestos fibers 688 92 Asbestos Asbestos and Cancer The Report and Recommendations of a Working Group Convened under Committee of the International Union Against the Auspices of the Geographical Pathology Cancer Can Med Assn J. 1020-1025 May 8 1965 is not suitable for abstracting however the Editor of the Canadian Medical This report and work of this international meeting as follows Association Journal summarizes the purpose sponsored an international meeting on the In October 1964 the New York Academy of Sciences this meeting some 40 delegates from Australia biological effects of asbestos Following South Africa and the Canada Finland France Germany Great Britain and Ireland Italy invited to study the vast amount of information which had been presented United States were of asbestos and cancer The terms with a view to the organization of an international study of the problem epidemiology of reference of this Working Group covered three major aspects of the and experimental pathology and physics and chemistry The findings pathology from these studies are recorded in slightly Working Group and their recommendations arising Cond from Editor's summary -- abridged form PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT 689 10 First US Tests of High Altitude Pressure Suits L. Arch Environmental Health 805 May 1965 Wilson Po conducted to collect and evaluate information on the earliest Historical research was Mr. Post the first aviator in the American high altitude pressure sunt research program world's altitude world to fly in a high altitude pressure suit attempted to break the existing which was successful was tested in an record There were three prototype suits The third US altitude chamber tests of pressure Air Force altitude chamber These were the first techno- Army contributed to American pressure suit Pe suits His stimulus as private citizen greatly astronaut US Navy logical superiority and directly influenced the design of the Project Mercury partially successful and Air Force pressure suits It is surprising that development was even Each of six other without the guidance of high altitude physiologi~ teand diving suit specialists nations enlisted these specialists as crucial team members Reviews major J. Am Med Assn References & __ J 809,464 809,464 22 | _ whee Sweet te W +" 2009 10:27- No. 0134 P. w= histopathological bone marrow had been adequately excluded The findings correlate with the which are reported to occur in the lungs of silicotic patients they indicate a high changes of stimulation of the endothelial system If these changes are considered todgeegthreere with the industrial history and clinical and laboratory data they may provide a clue to the diagnosis of silicosis and help in the differential diagnosis Erom other diffuse pulmonary -- Auth abst lesions Mesothelioma of Pleura and Peritoneum Following Exposure to Asbestos in the London Area Muriel L. Newhouse and Hilda Thompson Brit J. Ind Med 22 261 269Oct. 1965 A series of 83 patients from the London Hospital with a diagnosis of mesothelioma confirmed by necropsy or biopsy has been studied for possible exposure to asbestos The series consisted of 41 men and 42 women 27 of the patients had peritoneal and 56 pleural tumors The earliest death recorded was in 1917 but only ten of the series died before 1950 and 40 48 between 1960 and 1964. In 76 of the series full occupational and residential histories were obtained Forty 52.6 gave a history of occupational or domestic living in the same house as an asbesto worker exposure to asbestos compared with n^fine11.8 out of 76 patients from the same hospi tal suffering from other diseases P 0.001 None of the 17 suspected cases of mesothelioma rejected on pathological grounds was found to have had any exposure to asbestos There was also evidence that neighborhood exposures may be important Among those with no evidence of occupational or domestic exposures 30.6 of the mesothelioma patients and 7.6 of the in- patients with other diseases lived within half mile of an asbestos factory P 0.01 Out of the 3 patients with occupational exposures only ten were in jobs scheduled under the Asbestos Regulations of 1931. The interval between the first exposure and the development of the termina illness of mesothelioma ranged between 16 and 55 years In 47 patients in the mesothelioma series lung tissue or sputum was available for examination In 30 62.5 either asbestosis or asbestos bodies were present -- Auth abst 72 Diffuse Mesothelioma of the Pleura and Asbestos P. Elmes W. T. E. McCaughey and O.L. Wade Brit Med J. , 350 Feb. 6 1965 Mesothelioma of the pleura is an uncommon tumor and in recent years studies have indicated a relationship of this tumor to exposure to asbestos The occupational histories of 42 patients with diagnosed mesothelioma were contrasted to 42 control patients with regard to their exposur to asbestos Thirty of the 42 patients with diagnosed mesothelioma had a history of exposur to asbestos which was considered to be heavy exposure in eight and a light exposure in 24. In th 42 control patients there was a history of exposure in only nine and in two of these it was con- sidered heavy The difference between these two groups was highly significant In another stud it was shown that the finding of asbestos bodies in lung tissue was significantly related to the history of industrial exposure to asbestos When the lungs of 24 patients with diagnosed meso thelioma were examined for the presence of asbestos bodies 21 of the 24 patients showed this finding In contrast asbestos bodies were found in only six of the 24 controls a highly signific difference The occupational histories of these patients revealed that the interval between the first exposure to asbestos and the diagnosts of mesothelioma was often long and in some cases exceeded 40 years Exposure to asbestos even though many years before and transient is an important factor in the development of mesothelioma of the pleura -- J. Occ Med Absts 73 Relation Between Exposure to Asbestos and Mesothelioma 1. J. Selikoff J. Churg and E. C. Hammond New Engl J. Med 272 560 March 18 1965 Ten deaths due to mesothelioma were found in a study of 307 consecutive deaths among asbestos insulation workers in New York and New Jersey There were four pleural mesotheliomas 1.3 % and six peritoneal mesotheliomas 1.9 This is probably an underestimate of the true inciden since of the remaining 297 deaths only 110 cases were autopsied These figures can be contrasted to a prospective study of the American Cancer Society in which only three deaths due to mesothelioma were noted in 31,652 deaths of patients between 30 and 89 years of age In an autopsy series of 2,500 deaths asbestosis was found in 26. There were four mesotheliomas of the pleura three mesotheliomas of the peritoneum and seven bronchogenic carcinomas record in the patients with asbestosis No mesotheliomas were found in the absence of asbestosis Cas of diagnosed mesothelioma from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology were revie ed and in all cases where lung tissue was available it was examined for asbestos fibers Asbest fibers were found in five of the 19 pleural mesotheliomas and in 17 of the 26 peritoneal mesothe on te es Ona od oO Oct. 9. 2009 10:27 No. 0134 P. 8 i, : ; I f H : : i ' : H ' ! bone marrow had been adequately excluded The findings correlate with the histopathological changes which are reported to occur in the lungs of silicotic patients they indicate a high degree of stimulation of the endothelial system If these changes are considered to- gether with the industrial history and clinical and laboratory data they may provide a clue to the diagnosis of silicosis and help in the differential diagnosis from other diffuse pulmonary 10sions -- Auth abst 71 Mesothelioma of Pleura and Peritoneum Following Exposure to Asbestos in the London Area Muriel L. Newhouse and Hilda Thompson Brit J. Ind Med 22 261-269 Oct. 1965 A series of 83 patients from the London Hospital with a diagnosis of mesothelioma confirmed by necropsy or biopsy has been studied for possible exposure to asbestos The series consisted of 41 men and 42 women 27 of the patients had peritoneal and 56 pleural tumors The earliest death recorded was in 1917 but only ten of the series died before 1950 and 40. 48 between 1960 and 1964. In 76 of the series full occupational and residential histories were obtained Forty 52.6 gave a history of occupational or domestic living in the same house as an asbesto worker exposure to asbestos compared with nine 11.8 out of 76 patients from the same hospi tal suffering from other diseases P 0.001 None of the 17 suspected cases of mesothelioma rejected on pathological grounds was found to have had any exposure to asbestos There was also evidence that neighborhood exposures may be important Among those with no evidence of Occupational or domestic exposures 30.6 of the mesothelioma patients and 7.6 of the in- patients with other diseases lived within half a mile of an asbestos factory P 0.01 Out of the 31 patients with occupational exposures only ten were in jobs scheduled under the Asbestos Regulations of 1931. The interval between the first exposure and the development of the termina illness of mesothelioma ranged between 16 and 55 years In 47 patients in the mesothelioma series lung tissue or sputum was available for examination In 30 62.5 either asbestosis Or asbestos bodies were present . Auth abst 72 VW Diffuse Mesothelioma of the Pleura and Asbestos P C. Elmes W. T. E. McCaughey and O.L. Wade Brit Med J. 1. 350 Feb. 6 1965 Mesothelioma of the pleura is an uncommon tumor and in recent years studies have indicated a relationship of this tumor to exposure to asbestos The occupational histories of 42 patients with diagnosed mesothelioma were contrasted to 42 control patients with regard to their exposure to asbestos Thirty of the 42 patients with diagnosed mesothelioma had a history of exposur to asbestos which was considered to be heavy exposure in eight and a light exposure in 24. In th 12 control patients there was a history of exposure in only nine and in two of these it was considered heavy The difference between these two groups was highly significant In another stud it was shown that the finding of asbestos bodics in lung tissue was significantly related to the history of industrial exposure to asbestos When the lungs of 24 patients with diagnosed meso- thelioma were examined for the presence of asbestos bodies 21 of the 24 patients showed this finding In contrast asbestos bodies were found in only six of the 24 controls a highly significi difference The occupational histories of these patients revealed that the interval between the first exposure to asbestos and the diagnoses of mesothelioma was often long and in some cases exceeded 40 years Exposure to asbestos even though many years before and transient is an important factor in the development of mesothelioma of the pleura -- J. Occ Med Absts 73 Relation Between Exposure to Asbestos and Mesothelioma I. J. Selikoff J. Churg and E. C. Hammond New Engl J. Med 272 560 March 18 1965 Ten deaths due to mesothelioma were found in a study of 307 consecutive deaths among asbestos insulation workers in New York and New Jersey There were four pleural mesotheliomas 1.3 % and six peritoneal mesotheliomas 1.9 This is probably an underestimate of the true inciden since of the remaining 297 deaths only 110 cases were autopsied These figures can be contrasted to a prospective study of the American Cancer Society in which only three deaths due to mesothelioma were noted in 31,652 deaths of patients between 30 and 89 years of age In an autopsy scries of 2,500 deaths asbestosis was found in 26. There were four mesotheliomas of the pleura three mesotheliomas of the peritoneum and seven bronchogenic carcinomas record in the patients with asbestosis No mesotheliomas were found in the absence of asbestosis Cas of diagnosed mesothelioma from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology were revie ed and in all cases where lung tissue was available it was examined for asbestos fibers Asbest fibers were found in five of the 19 pleural mesotheliomas and in 17 of the 26 peritoneal mesothe en ry + amg te npg rr ee oF eee Oct. 9. 2009 10:28 Industrial Hygiene Digest . No. 0134. P. 9 May 1966 467 Inhibition of Oxidation of Benzene by Certain Antioxidants Zh Abramova and I. D. Federation Proc 25 Part II Translation Supplement T91 Jan. Feb 1966 Gadaskina Experiments with liver homogenate in vitro showed that several antioxidants propyl gallate cystamine cystine methionine inhibit the oxidation of benzene Experiments in vitro with liver homogenates of rabbits receiving methionine revealed depression of the oxidation of ben- zene Experiments in vitro with homogenate of livers from rabbits with subacute benzene poisoning receiving methionine and cystamine at the same time revealed inhibition of benzen~ oxi- dation Excretion of bound sulfur and glucuronides was reduced in rabbits with subacute benzene poisoning receiving containing compounds at the same time -- Authors conclusions 468 Factors Influencing Hazards in Isocyanate Spraying Arn Ind Hyg Asen J. 27 62-67 Jan. Feb 1966 K. Grim and R. Knox - Controlled spraying experiments conducted in a sealed unventilated room were designed to evaluate the influence of formulations and application techniques on atmospheric contamination with isocyanates The conditions for sampling the atmosphere during application of formulations involving TDI toluenediisocyanate and MDI phenylisocyanate are described in detail The Elastomers Laboratory spray gun which mixes the chemicals internally is com- pared to a conventional external spray gun Equipment for quantitative measurement of TDI Sayesigcut and MDI retained by activated charcoal canisters is described and results are given Recom- mendations of the safest method of spraying based on information acquired and safety pre- cautions including the use of operator protection equipment are discussed Nine references is are given -- Authors abet wast ow 469 Ethanol Potentiation of Halogenated Aliphatic Solvent Toxicity Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 27 57-61 Jan. Feb. 1966 H.H. Cornish and Julita Adefuin 370 Ethanol potentiation of toxcity could be readily demonstrated in rats exposed 18 hours later to carbon tetrachloride or trichloroethylene vapors but not in those exposed to perchloroethylene or 1 trichloroethane Serum enzyme levels and histopathologic studies served as a meas ure of toxic response Subsequent exposure of ethanol rats for eight hours to 25 or 50ppm of carbon tetrachloride or to 100ppm of trichloroethylene failed to affect serum enzyme levels However ethanol potentiation of carbon tetrachloride toxicity could be demonstrated after as slight an exposure as two hours at 100ppm and potentiation of trichloroethylene toxicity was apparent after a hour exposure to 5.000 ppm Ten references are given -- Authors summary Epoxy Hazards in Industry Ann Occ Hyg London 8 The Hazards and Their Control 131 1965 W. Broughton The main components of the epoxy resins in commercial use in England over the past two decades and their attendant hazards are identified It is reported that no systemic intoxication of any significance has been associated with epoxy resins but that both uncured resins and hardeners can produce dermatitis and occasionally a sensitization after repeated contact with the skin Hardening agents containing amines are said to be more irritating than uncured resins which become increasingly inert as their molecular weight and viscosity is increased The experience of several large plants manufacturing resins and the tabulated incidence of dermatitis at one of them over a period of approximately seven years are presented Proper personnel selection the use of protective clothing and devices instruction of employees the nature of the hazard and proper work techniques good plant layout and adequate ventilation are the main points included in a description of means by which effective control of the hazards may be achieved -- J. Occ Med Absts TEs fenr?3 a] po penetl S ogra Bai INDUSTRIAL DUSTS| 471 Mesothelioma Associated With Asbestosis A Report of Three Cases R. Mann L. Grosh and W.M. O'Donnell Cancer 19 521-526 April 1966 bce A study of 54 autopsies of patients dying with pulmonary asbestosis disclosed three cases of peritoneal mesothelioma one of which was complicated by a mesothelioma of the pleura In two of the three patients there was an occupational exposure history of 20 and 34 years in an asbestos textile plant Although the remaining patient had classical asbestosis of the lungs at autopsy there was no known history of industrial exposure to asbestos The authors think asbestos can produce mesothelioma of either peritoneum or pleura they present three cases to support the concept of a causal relationship The increased utilization of asbestos material and the recent demonstration of asbestos bodies in the lungs of urban dwellers may have significant implications for cancer epidemiology in the future . -- Authors abst 809,486 13 Ss ee ed oe Ve pe gn agg} meng a eeere eee emerges ne A ee ene Oct. Oct. Industrial Hygiene Digest 182 Rheumatoid Factor in Serum of Individuals Exposed to Ann N. Acad Sci 132 112-120 Asbestos Dec. 31 1965 February 1967 B. Pernis et al 183 184 rheumatoid of 103 controls were determined by conditioned aggregated human or rabbit hemagglutination with tanned red cells coated with for periods from 1 to 54 gamma globulins The asbestos workers were exposed to the dust years and most of them showed ray evidence of graded into grades from one to three A definite increase in asbestosis that was factors in the controls of frequency and titers of two and same age and sex was found in workers with asbestosis three Similar serological abnormalities of grades in different origin idiopathic silicosis are found in cases of pulmonary fibrosis of coal workers pneumoconiosis and sarcoidosis Occupational Hazards of Pipe Insulators Arch Environmental Health W. Keane and M. 13. 171-184 Aug. 1966 Zavon ' -- APCA Absts In this survey the attempt has been made to come in contact in the normal pursuit of theiirnvtersatdigeateInaltlheof the substances with which insulators light of existing medical and present state of technology and in incapable of toxicological data the majority of the substances examined presenting a serious health hazard to insulators The proved justifies concern is asbestos This only insulating substance which are insufficient to report and other available scientific data at the provide an adequately based conclusion present time of Selikoff The further results of his The most convincing data are those tribute toward sound and other investigations will be awaited and should judgment of this matter There are 155 con- references 11 Authors summary Malignancies in Asbestos Workers J. Lieben Arch Environmental Health 13 619-621 Nov. 1966 185 organs Eighteen of the patients a period of 10 to 36 years Only dust control measures have been had exposures to asbestos in their three patients had their first occupational environment for instituted by the plant exposure after 1940 There are sin Extensive references Exposure to Asbestos and Malignancy Anonymous London Clin Med J. 7 10-11 Jan. 1966 -- Author's summary of those living in clean industrial with asbestos dust is widespread communities suggesting that environmental contamination Perhaps this is not altogether surprising considering the variety 186 Possible widespread community contamination by asbestos its carcinogenic properties Both clearly calls for a full assessment of carcinoma and mesothelioma crysotile and crocidolite have been associated with bronchial but amosite has not It follows that both tative analyses of asbestos in tissues could be qualitative and quanti- problem In addition the most helpful in the further elucidation of this relationship between asbestos mation requires analysis exposure smoking and neoplasia for- 1- APCA Absts Pleural Calcification as a Sign of Silicatosis Am J. Med Sci 251 215-224 Feb. 1966 M. Kleinfeld Of the free agents capable of producing a pneumoconiosis only asbestos silica have so far been incriminated in the production of talc and mica and rarely fications following silicate exposure from pleural calcifications Such calci- of either or both leaves of the may vary a few linear or circular plaques over the dome shell over the whole diaphragm or the lateral chest wall to formation of an extensive lung field The configuration may be bizarre but the nature of fication usually is readily apparent on standard the calci- fication is usually asymmetric posteroanterior and lateral films Pleural calciThe plaques are most frequently located over the dome of the diaphragm rather than in other lung areas Clinical and sight workers environmental evaluation was made of showing varying degrees of pleural calcification from or mica The minimal duration of exposure to talc asbestos symptoms chiefly exposure was 23 years and the longest 54 years Respiratory dyspnea were present in six Four of the six showed clubbing In five 809,i577i at i oo me ee ne Oct. 9. eth i: 2009-10 AM- 775 Byssinosis in Hemp Workets A. Bouhuys et al Arch Environmental Health 14 533-544 April 1967 No. 0134 11 . poo to \, jo" : a 3 \ 4 to toe ws to ; _ \ r Severe byssinosis chronic cough and other chronic respiratory symptoms are highly prevalent Cannabis sativa Within among workers exposed to dust of raw biologically retted soft hemp this group nonreactors and reactors could be distinguished by the absence or presence of a decrease of forced expiratory volumu FEV1 during dust exposure on Mondays The question- naire interview underestimated the extent of the workers symptoms Urinary excretion of major histamine metabolite 1 methylimidazolacetic acid MeIAA was higher on Monday Wednesday FEV1 than on Wednesday in those reactors whose decreased on Monday but not on ! This finding agrees with the hypothesis that the bronchoconstrictive response to hemp dust i - exposure on Monday is a result of the release of histamine in the lungs deleterious effect of term hemp dust exposure upon pulmonary function is highly probable 1 FEV before dust exposure adjusted for age and height was significantly lower among the hemp workert than among a control group farm workers although the latter smoked more and significantly lower among those with byssinosis grades 1 and 2 than among those without or with mild symptoms of disease 2 9 out of 20 retired hemp workers had an FEV of half the expected value or less Among the active workers abnormally low values of FEV 1 before dust exposure were only found in reactors This supports the assumption that irreversible pulmonary function changes develop primarily in those individuals who are sensitive to the acute bronchoconstrictive effect hemp dust There are 25 references -- Authors summary : 776 Lycoperdonosis R.D. Strand E.B.D. Neuhauser and F. Sornberger New Engl J. Med 277 89-91 July 13 1967 piobe } | '| by ; Lycoperdonosis is the respiratory disease caused by inhalation of large quantities of spores from the mature mushroom commonly termed puffball Lycoperdon is the genus of fungi to which most puffballs belong The two most common species Lycoperdon pyriforme and L. gemmatum have worldwide distribution They may be found July to October often growing on decaying logs stumps and woody refuse generally in dense clusters and may occasionally be scattered through open fields The spore fruits of lycoperdon are pear or top shaped with large sterile bases Within the wall or peridium of the puffball vast numbers of shaped spores form At maturity any external agitation or compression of the peridium cause the spores to be discharged through the apical ostia A single lycoperdon produces approximately 1.6 10 spores It is well known to many nonherbalists that some practitioners of folk medicine use the hemostatic effect of the dust that can be extruded from puffballs The concept has been applied to surface wounds and nosebleeds For the treatment of epistaxis the usual technic is to hold the puffball under the nose and inhale gently as the spores are puffed so that the spores adhere to the inside of the nostril With a massive inhalation of the spores symp- toms become rapidly progressive Nasopharyngitis occurs within a few hours of exposure and a form of pneumonitis appears accompanied by nausea a rapid pulse crepitant rales and dyspnea The course may be protracted for many weeks with gradual subsidence of symptoms to complete recovery Two cases are described in detail There are 7 references 777 Mesothelioma and Asbestos Exposure J. Lieben and H. Arch Environmental Health 14 559-563 April 1967 Pistawka ye Forty cases of mesotheliomas reported from 152 hospitals over a year period were studied with regard to exposure to asbestos Survivors or employers or both were question- ed regarding the possibility of asbestos exposure Ten patients actually worked in asbestos plants eight lived or worked close to an asbestos industry three patients were family members of asbestos workers In ten patients a history of assumed exposure to asbestos was obtained after prolonged questioning In 11 other patients no history of asbestos exposure could be obtained -- Authors summary 778 Asbestos Bodios in the Lungs of Inhabitants of Milan I. Ghezzi G. Molteni and U. Puccetti Med Lavoro 58 223-227 March 1967 In English The incidence of asbestos bodies in the lung of adult inhabitants of Milan was studied by lung smears obtained at autopsy following the same technique used by Thomson and by Cauna et al None of the individuals studied had been occupationally exposed to asbestos Asbestos bodies were found in 51 out of 100 subjects studied The incidences observed were 54 for men and 14 for women Positive cases were more frequent in the oldest group of subjects and in those an 16 om owes. ed ow Oct. 9. 2009 10:28 Industrial Hygiene Digest No. 0134 P. October 1967 947 Insects as Potential Sources of Ingestant Allergens Ann Allergy 25 381-387 July 1967 H.S. Bernton and H. Brown The dialyzed extracts of eight contaminating insects have been used in a series of cut- aneous tests The entire life cycle of these insects is confined to plant products The incidence of positive cutaneous reactions in a group of 230 unselected allergic patients is 68 or 30 The incidence of positive cutaneous reactions in a group of 194 normal allergic individwals is 50 or 25 The allergen of four insect extracts is thermostable Preliminary tests indicate the presence of sensitizing antibodies and precipitins among the reactors of both the allergic and allergic contaminated food is unavoidable Twenty per cent of our combined groups exhibit a skin sensitiveness A more definite characterization of allergens and antibodies by the immunologist will help indentify those of clinical importance The Indian meal moth heads the list of insects capable of provoking positive skin reactione - J. Am Med Assn References & Reviews 948 949 Teflon Embolism of Coronary Arteries F. Gonzalez J. Thoracic & Cardiovasc Surg 54 53-59 July 1967 et al A patient is described who developed coronary embolism of Teflon material from a Hufnagel prosthetic aortic cusp Bacterial endocarditis appeared to have contributed significantly to development of the embolic phenomena The case is unusual in that the clinical bacteriological and histopathological evidence indicated an eradication of the active bacterial endocarditis dur- ing life and the patient succumbed to the effects of coronary Teflon embolism -- J. Am Med Assn References & Reviews Immunological Diagnosis of Type of Snake in Snake Bite Med J. Austrialia 2 111-113 July 15 1967 E. Trethewie and P. Rawlinson Serum expressed from the region of simulated bite and actual snake bite in animals had been separated and has been shown to react specifically with a series of antivenenes The technique employed for this analysis is double diffusion in agar and while the reaction time has varied from two to five hours it is expected to speed this up to one hour or less with certain modifications In the first instance one should give antivenene according to the type of the snake if this information is available and taking into account the geographical distribution -- J. Am Med Assn References & Reviews 950 951 952 Occupational Disability in Patients With Chronic Airway Obstruction B. Burrows Am Rev. Resp Dia 96 35-42 July 1967 C. Diener and In a group of 99 emphysema patients who were not disability applicants work status was closely related to the exertional demands of their usual occupations and to measurements of expiratory slowing Electrocardiographic findings had some independent usefulness in prodicting work status Pulmonary function tests and other clinical and laboratory data did not further improve this prediction As a rule patients with a forced expiratory volume one second FEV1 0 of 1.0 liter or more continued to work unless their occupations were very demanding physically The prognosis for continuted employment was poor when the FEV1,0 FEV1,0 was below 0.75 liter regardless of occupation -. J. Am Med Assn References & Reviews Emphysema Produced in Dogs by Cigarette Smoking J. Am Med Assn 199,241-246 Jan. 23 1967 Auerbach et al Pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema similar to those conditions in human beings were found in dogs that had smoked cigarettes twice daily for more than 420 days There are 9 references -- Public Health Eng Absts Asbestosis and Malignancy N. G. Demy and H. Adler Am J. Roentgenol 100. 597-602 July 1967 History reveals a relationship between asbestosis and malignancy A study based on 20 years experience with asbestosis in an industrial community shows a correlation between malignancy and term exposures varying from 15 to more than 25 years Of 47 patients studied 36 had carcinoma one had fibrosarcoma and had mesothelioma All of these 47 patients had previous long exposure to asbestos products and processing +. J. Am Med Asen References & Reviews 11 ee eet S , Sern oS ee 5 wtDS wore. . SpE se ee ouercamuen ee Rae paanee STeosEe parce Ane. anes iwi . ST eoe ete = Industrial Hygiene Digest 1188 Mushroom Worker Lung A. Sakula Brit Med J. 3 708-710 September 16 1967 1189 developing A characteristic illness four cases in workers on mushroom growing farms constitutional and respiratory symptoms similar to is described In developed following the inhalation of dust liberated those seen in farmer's lung rooms are cultivated In sensitive from disturbance of compost on which mush- and chest workers symptoms developed a few hours radiographs revealed diffuse miliary after exposure actinomycetes present in the mottling Precipitins to thermophyllic thermophyllic compost were demonstrated in the Thermopolyspora polyspora and serum of two cases findings are present Micromonospora vulgaris respectively Similar in farmer's lung and it is concluded that serological merely a variant of farmer's lung -- J. mushroom worker's lung is Am Med Assn References & Reviews Lung Experimental Asbestosia Asbestosia The Development of Chrysotile Asbestos Dust P. Cancer in Rats With Pulmonary Deposits of September 1967 Gross et al Reprints Arch Environmental Health 15 343-355 available from Industrial Hygiene Foundation One hundred and thirty rats were exposed to chrysotile asbestos finely milled in an exposure chamber for six hours a day five days a week for ee concentrations were very heavy ranging from 42 to 146 a maximum of 62 weeks Dust oe- About half the animals exposed also had mg average 86 mg m s lung clearance and maximize dust retentiionntraantdracheal application of caustic lye to reduce were given intratracheal injections of pathogenicity Also 64 additional animals chrysotile dust 14 receiving single doses and the re- mainder multiple injections of 3.5 each animals and 15 Controls consisted of 30 untreated rats treated with caustic but unexposed the most important findings of the unexposed to asbestos Designed to study asbestosis tigators have not been investigation related to lung tumor production Other inves- Tumor incidence successful in producing lung cancer experimentally in rats with was high Of those surviving 16 or more months chrysotile first tumor 31 had primary malignant tumors of the ie after appearance of the Iye was 48 twice the rate of those lung Occurrence in rats treated with adenocarcinomas tumors included exposed but not treated with caustic Malignant pulmonary mesothelioma and fibrosarcomas and squamous cell cancers as well a mucinous adenocarcinoma A number of as which occur spontaneously in rate were pulmonary lymphoblastomas festly malignant was not counted Also atypical metaplasia not mani- several animals commonly noted Multicentricity of malignant lesions Results of this study support the unitarian was observed in alveolar cells Despite extreme concept of tumor origin from Fibrosis observed exposure conditions diffuse asbestosis was not seen normal was multifocal centered in the proximal portion of appearing tissue intervening Cancer production with primary lobules with involve trace metals introduced crysotile in this study appears to cobalt Previous during hammer milling which increased nickel investigators have chrome and The increase in content of trace not metals reported subjecting their dusts to hammer milling after milling was as follows nickel 82 cobalt 115 chrome 34 tent of Analysis of the worn hammer of the hammer mill 2. 338 gof sample This finding an important aid to guide industrial revealed a nickel conif validated by further studies should provide 13 references hygiene controls of potential health hazards There are 1190 Asbestosis and Neoplasia I. J. Selikoff Am J. Med 42 487-496 April 1967 et al The prediction that asbestos the next several decades is neoplasms will rival cigarette lung cancer in of asbestos in reviewed as well as the present state of our knowledge of the role pleural calification pulmonary asbestos is lung cancer mesothelioma other The progression of asbestos disease neoplasms and agnosis of asbestos without continued exposure and the di- slow discase are reviewed also All of the conditions arising from asbestos are in developing The neoplasms now encountered in both industry public are the result of the and in the general inhalation of asbestos associated production limited asbestos production with the of 30 years ago The neoplasms associated with the present utilization of and exposure asbestos will not be evident until the 1990's From 50 tons a 90 the world years ago production is now 4 million tons a year Asbestos has year been U.S. and other with half life of infinity In at least 1/4 industrial countries found of the adults who prosent most bodies found in . in cases neither pulmonary fibrosis nor neoplasia is associated with the asbestos now being found postmortem There 17 809,630 809,630 ee oe wee te geen eee aS Se yee Pe OTe Oct. 9. 10:29 , ere a ay geeee prices OF te nk ee dda taaema em d No. 0134 P. Industrial Hygiene Digest June 1968 and chemical characterization of the azbestos minerals which lead to their being inhaled and retained in the body in their carrying with them other chemicals in their migration may open up unsuspected avenues of biological research -- Cond from text 562 Clinical and Pathological Studies of Pulmonary Asbestosis J. Nara Med Assn 18 455-465 Aug. 1967 1. Nakamura The environmental conditions in asbestos factories in Osaka and Nara were investigated The nature of the dust in the factories was studied by electron microscopy The concentration of .suspended particles is tabulated for different plant operations in a Nara factory The occurrence of asbestosis among the employees of these factories was studied by periodic ray examinations Although definite asbestosis could not be found in employees working less than 5 years the frequency of detection of definite asbestosis increased in those working more than 5 years as follows there was 21 in those employed between 5 and 10 years 54 between 10 and 15 years 70 between 15 and 20 years and 100 for those employed for over 20 years The classification of ray findings and the development of asbestosis ara discussed Case histories and photo- graphs of rays and lung sections are presented -- APCA Absts 563 Mesothelioma and Its Association With Asbestosis M. Borow et al J. Am Med Assn 201 587-591 Aug. 21 1967 awe ee mi te, Within a three period 17 cases of mesothelioma 9 of the pleura and 8 of the peritoneum were seen at a community hospital in New Jersey located near a major asbestos mill The e incidence of mesothelioma as well as asbestosis appears to be increasing ani -- Am Rev. Resp Dis Absts non 564 Pulmonary Function Tests in Asbestos Workers C. L. Leathart Trans Soc Occ Med 18 49-55 April 1968 ee E There are three ways in which pulmonary function tests may contribute to the management of ons workers exposed to asbestos they may be used to confirm a diagnosis of asbestosis to follow n5ae Lae the progress of the disease or to monitor unaffected workers at risk The object of this paper is to consider how successfully these three parts are played The typical physiological ab- normalities are described serial studies in cases of asbestosis are presented and tentative conclusions are drawn from a small prospective study of asbestos workers who were free of disease when first seen The findings from this investigation are summarized as follows 1 Established asbestosis causes a loss of diffusing capacity vital capacity and compliance Pleural calcification by itself does not 2 Progressive loss of function is seldom arrested when the patient is transferred to other work and most cases deteriorate 3 Diffusing capacity appears to be the best measurement for making an early diagnosis but the diagnosis has been subsequently confirmed by other means in only four of the cases reported in the literature 4 The development of crepitations at the lung bases sometimes precedes a significant drop in diffusing capacity and this may be a useful observation 5 Finally as a general conclusion the function tests should not be interpreted in isolation nor be given undue respect They should always be considered in conjunction with clinical and radiographic examination -- Cond Irom text 565 Source and Identification of Respirable Fibers L. J. Cralley Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 29 129-135 March 1968 et al Fibrous bodies with an containing coating have been found in the lungs of persons coming to autopsy in a number of urban hospitals the number of fibrous bodies varying greatly with approximately 4 to % of the persons examined showing numerous bodies Because these findinga raise questions with regard to the possibility that asbestos is a factor in increased lung cancer questions concerning the nature source and significance of these bodies are discussed in the light of research needed to find answers There are 19 references Authors abst 566 Pulmonary Ferruginous Bodies Development in Response to Filamentous Dusts and a Method of Isolation and Concentration P. Gross al Arch Pathol 85 539-546 May 1968 Reprints available from Industrial Hygiene Foundation 4400 Fifth Ave Pittsburgh Pa 15213 Formation of ferruginous bodies whould not be confused with pathogenicity Failure to understand this differentiation may result in the erroneous generalization that all fibrous dusts share the 21 8096991 Oct. 9. 2009-10AM-AM- s No. 0134 1569 ... ... 3 I: I t mesothelioma tend to succumb to mesothelioma after many years of such contact A number of examples are i given including those of carpenters and construction workers who do not realize that their relatively brief contact in sawing or handling asbestos materials can lead to lung cancer many years later The great increase in asbestos production and in asbestosis in recent years is Labulated the need for utilization of alternate materials in industry and for further research on biological effects is emphasized The presence asbestos of carcinogenic oils and other components including benzopyrene and chromium is mentioned --APCA Absts | 283 Asbestos Exposure and Pleural Mesotheliomas R. H. Mortimer and B. Campbell i. Med J. Australia 2 720-722 Oct. 26 1968 | Diffuse pleural mesothelioma is reported in two patients exposed to asbestos dust The neo- plasmas were dissimilar in macroscopic and histological appearances Criteria for classi- ! fication as mesotheliomas are presented Asbestos bodies were found in the lungs of both patients but minimal interstitial fibrosis was present -J Am Med Assn References & Reviews 284 Prevalence of Asbestos Bodies in Basal Lung Smears A. Polliack and M. I. Sacks Israel J. Med Sci Jerusalem 1 223-226 March 1968 | Asbestos bodies were found in basal lung smears in 26 of 100 consecutive adult autopsies in : Jerusalem They were present in 29.1 of males and 22. % of females and were more fre- quently encountered in Ashkenazi than in Ashkenazi Jews Asbestos bodies when present were usually scanty less than 10 and in only two males were more than 30 bodies found under low power The five subjects with more than ten asbestos bodies each were all Ashkenazi Jews The prevalence of asbestos bodies is compared with Cape Town Pittsburgh Miami Montreal Glasgow and Jerusalem Highest frequency found is in Montreal 48 and may reflect dif- ; ferences in the degree of atmospheric pollution --APCA Absts 285 Pathological Symptoms Due to Inhalation of Asbestos Dust H. Bohlig Zentr Arbeitsmed u Arbeitsschutz 16 353-355 Dec. 1966 In brief literature review in which authors are mentioned but no references cited the problem of asbestos dust as a carcinogenic substance is surveyed Despite greatly increased preventive measures taken in many asbestos plants and the resultant reductions in cases of asbestosis problems of asbestos inhalation have acquired new significance during the past five years The retrospective examination of mesothelioma autopsy material in various countries has implicated asbestos dust as a malignant inducing agent not only in asbestos workers but even in othere The known plaques of asbestosis and diffuse mesotheliomas have been observed in individuals who had never had occupational contact with asbestos but who had aided in the vicinity of asbestos plants or mines It can be stated with assurance that pollution of the ambient air emission by asbestos factories which were relatively late in utilizing the asbestos dust of their dedusting installations instead of simply releasing it to the atmospherehas been a causative factor in a significant increase in the rate of appearance of both pleural plaques and mesotheliomas Whether or not the quantities of asbestos dust released into the atmosphere from brake linings of automobiles are also responsible for these malignancies is a question which has yet to be determined however asbestos was detected histologically in the lungs of city dwellers not exposed occupationally in the following percentages Pittsburgh 41.0 % Miami 27.9 Cape Town 26.4 Individuals endangered by asbestos in addition to those just cited include persons who have occasional contact with asbestos in construction or other activities such as roofers insulation specialists The properties of asbestos ores including their benzopyrene content are briefly mentioned --APCA Absts 286 0 Asbestos Bodies in the Lungs and Mesothelioma A Retrospective Examination of a Year- Autopsy Material I. Hagerstrand L. Mourman and B. Odlund Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand Copenhagen 72 Z 177 1911968 In 12 763 autopsies performed during 1957-66 at the General Hospital Malmo Sweden 35 cases of mesothelioma were found 27 of the pleura 8 of the peritoneum for a frequency of 27 0.3 if children under 15 years of age are excluded Of these 34 were examined ' erent 809,717 ny 2 mee tee -- Oct. 9. 2009 10:29 - No. 013 P. 416 and been pH of 6 percent NaHCO3 3 percent Na2CO3 and 1 percent benzalkonium chloride has a of 9.4 9.4 has found to promptly relieve the stinging caused by CS exposure This decontamin- ating solution seems to be much less effective on the forehead and mustache area however indicated GE than on the neck After decontamination supportive treatment may be needed as pine for either chemical irritant or allergic contact dermatitis Topical corticosteroids the are principal therapeutic agents There are 19 referances -Cond from text romens 74 Biochemical Differences Found in Persons Chronically Exposed to High Levels of Pesticides M. Tocci al Ind Med & Surg 38 188-195 June 1969 Men who are occupationally exposed to large amounts of pesticides were chosen as subjects for these studies Several arameters of liver and kidney function as well as amino acid levels in the blood were compared to those of men of the same age and race who were not exposed to pesticides in their occupations These comparisons revealed a number of differences none of which could be considered pathological When considered collectively however they indicate a physiological response to pesticide exposure This response varies according to the individual and may depend upon environmental and genetic factors The evidence presented is insufficient to determine whether the response is a beneficial adaptation to or a detrimental effect of pesticide toxicity There are 26 references --Authors abst 75 Ecological Significance of Pesticide Interactions J. C. Street F. L. Mayer and D. J. Wagstaff Ind Med & Sutg 38 409-414 Nov. 1969 Hormonal imbalance may be intensified due to additive induction by many types of pesticide residues As an example DDT and dieldrin it has been shown are additive at low doses in inducing testosterone metabolism in pigeon liver Lowered chronic toxicity of insecticide combinations may result from the phenomenon of induction of hepatic detoxifying enzymes The authors assess the significance of such effects depending on minimum effective levels combined action of two or more pesticides There are 17 references and species sensitivities toward interaction effects --Authors absi 76 Factors Influencing the Dermal Absorption of Chemicals W. E. Rinehart Tennessee Ind Hygiene News 26 1-5 No. 2 1969 An area where our lack of specific knowledge on dermal absorption puts us to a practical disadvantage and increases out confusion relates to the combined effects of inhalation and dermal absorption Most of us have relied at one time or another on the list of TV's published yearly by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists ACGIH for guid- ance on air quality of industrial environments We should also be aware that in majority of cases we are dealing with mixtures and that vehicles of compounding or physical form can alter the characteristics of absorption greatly First to be considered is the nature and integrity of skin The importance of penetration through dermal lesions is often overlooked We may consider a dermal lesion in its simplest sense to be the lack of or an alteration in protective skin Some chemicals are more soluble in organic solutions such as in fats than in water for other chemicals the reverse situation holds The important factor is that there probably is some solubility however slight in both types of solvents The skin also contains both a lipid barrier and a water barrier Thus the absolute solubility of a chemical in one or another system is of little use by itself Volatility is another important factor not often considered when approaching the subject of dermal absorption For equivalent partition coefficients it has been found that the more volatile a material the greater the potential for passing the epidermal barrier While is true that the overall hazard from direct contact with a volatile liquid is often less this is because the amount available for absorption deCreases Condition of the skin with regard to hydration is of some importance --Cond from text INDUSTRIAL DUSTS | 77 Asbestos and Neoplasia M. Kleinfeld Ind Hyg Rev. 11 3-10 June 1969 Asbestos bodies or mineral bodice have been discovered in random necropsies of urban populations The frequency in various cities is as follows Montreal 48 Pittsburgh 41 Miami 27.2 Capetown 26,4 and London 24.3 Because of the increased frequency of malignant disease in asbestos workers it has been suggested but not established that the presence of small amounts of asbestos dust in the atmosphere may constitute a public health E 24 or Oct. 9. 2009-10 AM- No. 0134 P. 17 January 1470 | , 82 Fifteen Cases of Pleural Mesothelioma Associated with Occupational Exposure to Asbestos in Victoria J. Miine Med J. Australia 669-673 Oct. 4 1969 Fifteen cases of pleural mesothelioma occurring in Victoria histories and the finding of asbestos budies are described Occupational cupational in lung tiesu^indicate a relationship between oc- exposure to asbestos and induction of pleural mesothelioma exposure in some cases many years later The was relatively short but intense seem to be particularly potent in the induction of these Crocidolite or blue asbestos would tumors There are 16 references --Author's abst 83 Welder's Siderosis A Clinical Roentgenographic and Physiological Study M.Kleinfeld Arch Environmental Health 19 70-73 July 1969 et al Clinical roentgenographic physiologic and environmental data were obtained in welders exposed largely to iron oxide The group of a range of 3 to 32 average duration of exposure was 18.7 years with years Eight of the 25 welders had reticulonodular shadowings on the roent- genographs consistent with siderosis The prevalence of chronic cough and positive lung find- ings crepitations and rhonchi were relatively low and did not trol The mean vary appreciably from the con- parameters of pulmonary function for welders were within a normal and were not significantly different from the mean of the control range group In general there was no good correlation between the clinical roentgenographic and pulmonary function with cs duration of exposure There are 6 references findings --Authors abst stasar 84 Some Problems Associated with the Storage of Asbestos in Polyethylene Baga G. W. Gibbs were Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 30 458-464 Sept -Oct 1969 Samples of milled Canadian chrysotile asbestos collected and stored in bags were found on extraction with benzene to yield oils in substantially greateprolqyueatnhtyilteyneand with <tr at least one different constituent from those collected and stored in glass jars The constituent isolated from the asbestos collected in certain polyethylene bags is yellow and shows a strong absorption but the compound sample collection cinogenic activity band at 421 m Extracts of polyethylene bags do not contain this compound is formed on the introduction of asbestos into the bag The relevance to for subsequent organic analysis and to animal experiments for tests of carof samples of asbestos and other substances is discussed There are 12 references --Author's abst 85 Pleural Reaction Associated with Asbestos Exposure T. F. B. Collins Brit J. Radiol 41 489 655-661 1968 Routine miniature radiography of 552 men working under favorable conditions in an asbestos cement factory in Durban showed obvious pleural reactions in 11/552 % while the incidence among workers not handling asbestos was 0.3-0.6 These 11 pts and 4 others are all were African males had worked in the industry 2-5 years and all except 2 had no o dveesrctribed symptoms One pt had a probable old tuberculous lesion and another had possible tuberculosia Asbestos bodies in the sputum clubbing and a positive Heaf tuberculin reaction IV were present in 8/15 9/15 and 15/15 resp It is suggested that the observed pleural lesions are the first signs of disease induced by light exposure to asbestos over a relatively short time The acute with visible parenchymal disease and chronic usually symptomless with dense soft tissue plaques without apparent calcification asbestosis corresponding to sustained heavy exposure or light and intermittent exposure are described and illustrated --Carcinogenesis Absts a = 86 Diagnosed Cases of Silicosis in Finland K. Ahlman ee Environ -Health 4 suppl 1 15-43 1968 Teer On the basis of a retrospective study certain factors relating to the occurrence of silicosts in Finland have been analysed and the following conclusions may be drawn 1 The known cases of silicosis total 878. Hence this occupational disease may be regarded as relatively rare in this country but still frequent enough to deserve attention 2 The series although collected from all available sources cannot be regarded as representing the true morbidity since apart from some exceptions no regular medical examinations for silicosis have been performed in this country in occupations where the workers are exposed to dangerous dust 3 Previously the miners were the occupational group most liable to silicosis but a change has occurred this respect to the disadvantage of certain other dusty occupations 4 The annual in incidence oe eeempsene, erm ee eee ad 7 2 ee enmeee pe oye aoe Oct. 9. 2009 30AM 3-01A0M | [rE No. 0134 Industrail Hygiene Digest June 1971 629 THE CONTROL OF DUST DISEASE IN THE BRITISH CERAMIC INDUSTRY Jan. 1969 E. Posner Arh Hig Toksikol 20 11-23 ~~ The British ceramic industry has always been concentrated in a small area of Staffordshire.where there has been a widespread use of flint almost 100 free silicic acid for kiln placing and as a component of most ceramic articles Silicosis has been a serious health problem for about 300 years The paper deals with the trendosf silicosis morbidity since the reconstruction of of the last war In only a few processes hazardous materials have the industry which began at the end been substituted by harmless ones for instance flint by alumina in the placing of bone china Most efforts have been concentrated on the improvement of local dust control and general workshop hygiene In recent years it was found that the traditionaslo called protective clothing of ceramic workers constituted itself a definite hazard and has now been replaced by materials made of dust repelling man made fibres Modified routine mass radiography has proved a valuable tool for assessing the incidence of dust disease in ceramic workers and the analysis of during the past its records suggests that only a small proportion of workers 15 years Although manufacture of flint containing articles acquired pneumoconiosis must be considered the most hazardous risk it is shown that pneumoconiosis occurs to a significant extent in the manufacture of fine china which does not contain any flint In recent years the most impressive facet of pneumoconiosis statistics has been the rapidly declining rate of progressive massive fibrosis In Great Britain category 2 simple pneumoconiosis according to the I.L.O. classification to be a disease process but its importance as a biological index of undue is generally not dust exposure is considered stressed --Excerpta Med Occ Health & Ind Med Abstracts _ 630 UNUSUAL FERRUGINOUS BODIES THEIR FORMATION FROM NONFIBROUS PARTICULATES AND FROM CARBONACEOUS FIBROUS PARTICLES P. Gross J. Tuma and R. T. P. deTreville ay Arch Environ Health 22 534-537 May 1971 Reprints available from Industrial Health Foundation 5231 Centre Avenue Pittsburgh Penna 15232 Among the ferruginous bodies isolated from the lungs of lungs people not occupationally exposed to asbestos dust are those which have a nonfibrous core These bodies are in generally round or ovoid 4 to 30 diameter and vary color from translucent light yellow to semitranslucent gold Their central core may he composed of a single large or multiple small particles which may be colorless and translucent or black and opaque Ferruginous bodies with black fibrous cores are believed to owe their origin to inhaled smoke particles from burning leaves paper wood or coal --Authors abst 631 INCIDENCE OF PULMONARY FERRUGINOUS BODIES IN FRANCE 1970 J. Bignon et al Environ Res 3 430-442 Dec. A method of chemical digestion and microfiltration of lung tissue has shown that ferruginous bodies with a transparent central fiber or invisible core were present in the lungs of all cases in a series of 100 French people dwelling either in Paris or in the country The youngest subject was a year boy The ferruginous bodies were counted and cases classified in bodies per cm of lung respect to the frequency of ferruginous ferruginous The number of ferruginous bodies seemed to increase with percentage of cases with age Moreover the high density of ferruginous bodies was greater in the Paris area than in the country While no significant relationship was found according with either a greater sex or occupational history frequency of ferruginous bodies was found in cases with primary lung cancer than with other diseases The significance of these findings requires more accurate epidemiological study --Cond from authors abst 632 ASBESTOS AND MESOTHELIOMAS M. C. Godwin and J. Jagatic Environ Res 3 391-416 Dec. 1970 Seven studiedselected cases with asbestos in the lungs and a mesothelioma in the pleura or peritoneum were The intensively using routine methods polarized light incineration technique and acid digestion authors found that asbestos bodies fragments particles and dust could be found in hilar and mediastinal nodes regularly asbestos bodies in lymphatics being transported to the nodes asbestos ee Oct. 9. 2009 10:30 No. 0134 P. 19- bodies in the spleen abdominal tumor and small bowel wall dust and particles in abdominal nodes and peritoneum a small mesothelioma arising in the pleura in a case of peritoneal mesothelioma a squamous cell carcinoma in the right lung and a mesothelioma of the left pleura They concluded asbestos is irritating mechanically and chemically and that it is distributed widely in the body lymphatics and blood resulting in malignancies of various types with pleura and peritoneum being that by the especially susceptible --Avthors abst Modified Editor's Note The authors obviously have not studied any controls the reliability of the Modified ms is article gm as awhole perhaps best epitomized by an illustration Fig 17 which purports to show asbestos asbestos dust in splenic tissue but pictures luminescent nonfibrous particles by polarized light --P.G neee 633 FILLER'S DISEASE NITROGEN INDUCED LUNG INJURY J. Ramirez and A. R. Dowell Med 74 569-576 April 1971 Ann Intern A patient has been followed for 7 years after exposure to silage gas His chest film showed diffuse reticular and fine nodular infiltrates Except for mild hypoventilation and Tunction has remained normal Persistent lung malfunction after exposure to hypoxemia his silage gas is pulmonary uncommon in those patients who recover from the initial toxic pulmonary edema Reported cases of chronic lung disability after silage gas inhalation were probably due to other causes such as chronic bronchitis ae --Authors abst ET PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT Be 634 USE OF SKIN TEMPERATURE TO PREDICT TOLERANCE TO THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS P. F. Iampietro Aerosp Med ool 42 396-399 April 1971 : Skin temperature is a sensitive index of the effect of the thermal enviornment on the seminude man Skin establish temperatures and tolerance times from several studies have been utilized in an attempt to a relationship between 1 final skin temperature and tolerance time and 2 skin temperature during the early minutes of exposure and final skin temperature The number of subjects each exposure ranged from five to ten Exposure temperatures ranged from -4 to 113 25 to 235 Many criteria were used to fix tolerance time for hot exposures rectal temperature were used 39 C 102.5 heart rate 180 beats min nausea etc for cold exposures toe temperatures below 4.4 40 and subjective evaluations were used A relationship exists between final temperature and tolerance time and between Final skin temperature and skin temperature at 10 minutes of exposure Final skin temperature at tolerance in hot and cold environments can be predicted from the skin temperature at 10 minutes Tolerance time may also be estimated from the minute skin temperature --Author's abst- LIGHTING FOR VISUAL PERFORMANCE AND VISUAL COMFORT Jan. 1970 5. K. Guth J. Amer Optom Assn 41 63-71 ~~ The increasing complexity of educational and commercial activities and industrial operations in our modern world take it imperative that occupational vision specialists are fully aware of the many factors which influence human performance efficiency comfort and safety Light and lighting are important environmental factors However full consideration must be given to the entire visual environment to insure that all brightnesses are in proper balance --Excerpta Med Occ Health & Ind Med Abstracts 636 CHANGES IN VITAL CAPACITY PRODUCED BY OXYGEN BREATHING DURING IMMERSION WITH THE HEAD ABOVE WATER U. I. Balldin G. ^ Dahlback and C. E. G. Lundgren Aerosp Med 42 384-387 April 1971 Oxygen breathing and immersion for 2 in 13 healthy subjects by an average breathing Oxygen breathing without hours with the head above water reduced the vital capacity VG of 22.4 compared with controls during immersion before oxygen immersion did not reduce the VC but it was reduced by 7.8 by immersion per se Immersion apparently strongly potentiated the adverse effect that oxygen may have on 22