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Proof Only -- Subject to Correction
Circular No. _____
Issued.................. ........ . 1937
Scientific Section
Henry A. Qerdner. Director
Rational Paint, Vatnisrf) anb Hacquet association. 3nc.
WASHINGTON. D. C.
SUGGESTIONS ON LABELLING RULES
It is agreed by all that paint should be prepared with mate rials that have been found to give the best results. There should be be restrictions that would discourage the adoption of new materials of merit For this reason most manufac turers prefer to describe their products by trade names ac companied by general terms, such as White Base Paint, Paste Paint Prepared Paint, etc., rather than by formulas. Such a practice enables a manufacturer to use appropriate mate rials at all times. On the other hand, if a description of the ingredients of a paint is placed on the label, it should be straightforward'and clear. For instance, "Lead and Zinc Labelling Rules" of our industry were adopted in 1913, have been very generally used, and have established what might be called legal custom in the industry. Such custom has had considerable value in connection with the prosecution of cases of alleged misbranding. It is of interest to point out that the so-called "fifty-percent rule" (labelling of products con taining more or less than 60% of added extender pigment*) was accepted by the Federal Trade Commission and the Cir cuit Court of Appeals in the matter of certain paint cases which have come before them in connection with the labelling of lead and zinc products. With the growing use of the newer pigments, it is probable that these rules should be amended to bring them up to date. For this purpose there have been prepared what might be called "Suggested Labelling Rules for Paint Products," and it is hoped that they will prove to be of service.
SUGGESTED LABELLING RULES
L No product shall be labelled or advertised with the fol-
* Extender pigments referred to herds are those which import little or no hiding power when ground in Hmaed oil, luch as silica, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, china day, magnesium silicate, and others.
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Coprrirht. lttf. fcgr H. A. Gertaer
NPC 0 0 5489
N 4421
lowing terms unless the pigment content of such product con sists wholly thereof, as defined in Section II.
White Lead Lead White Zinc Zinc Oxide
White Zinc Zinc White Leaded Zinc
Zinc Lead Titanium Dioxide
Titanium
Titanium White Titanium-Barium Pigment Titanium-Calcium Pigment Titanium-Magnesium Pigment
Zinc Sulfide Zinc Sulfide-Barium Pigment Zinc Sulfide-Calcium Pigment
Zinc Sulfide-Magnesium Pigment
Lithopone Lithopone-Titanium Pigment Titanated Lithopone
Red Lead Chrome Yellow Chrome Orange Chrome Green Prussian Blue
Chinese Blue Ultramarine Blue
Lampblack Carbon Black Bone Black
Para Red
Toluidine Red Organic Toner
Indian Red
Venetian Red Ochre
Sienna Umber
When any one of the above pigments is used in combination with one or more of the others listed above, the above terms shall not be used in labelling or advertising if the com bination contains over 50% of added extender or other pig ment, except that if less than 50% of added extender or other pigment is present in such mixtures, the above terms may be used, provided the description is followed by the word "com pound" in letters as conspicuous as the main title
II. When any of the above terms are used upon a label or in advertising, the pigment content of the product referred to shall be of the following designations:
WHITE PIGMENTS
White Lead shall consist entirely of white lead (either basic carbonate or basic sulfate, or a mixture thereof.)
Zinc Oxide (white zinc, zinc white) shall consist of not less than 98% of zinc oxide. The terms, "white zinc" and "zinc white," should preferably not be used.
Leaded Zinc shall consist entirely of a mixture of zinc oxide
and from 5 to 50 percent of basic sulfate of lead. The term "zinc lead" should preferably not be used.
Titanium Dioxide shall consist of not less than 97% titanium dioxide. The terms `titanium," "titanium white" and "white titanium" should preferably not be used.
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Titanium-Barium Pigment shall consist of not less than 24 % titanium dioxide admixed with barium sulfate.
Titanium-Calcium Pigment shall consist of not less than 28% titanium dioxide admixed with calcium sulfate.
Titanium-Magnesium Pigment shall consist of not less than 28% of titanium dioxide admixed with magnesium silicate.
Zinc Sulfide shall consist of not less than 97 % of zinc sulfide. Zinc Sulfi3e-Barium Pigment shall consist of not less than 45% of zinc sulfide admixed with barium sulfate. Zinc Sulfide-Calcium Pigment shall consist of not less than 45% of zinc sulfide admixed with calcium sulfate. Zinc Sulfide-Magnesium Pigment shall consist of not less than 45% of zinc sulfide admixed with magnesium silicate. Lithopone shall consist of not*less than 26% of zinc sulfide admixed with barium sulfate. Lithopone-Titanium Pigment (Titanated Lithopone) shall consist of not less than 15% titanium dioxide admixed with lithopone.
EXAMPLES
There are given below certain examples and descriptions which may be used on labels, provided the manufacturer de sires to describe the contents other than by trade name.
Composition
Basic carbonate of lead_ 100%
Descwptions to Use a. White Lead
Basic carbonate of lead--- 51% a. White Lead Compound Barium sulfate................... 49% b. White Lead Base
Basic carbonateof lead-- 90% a. White Lead Compound
Barium sulfate
... 10% b. White Lead Base
Basie carbonate of lead--- 90% a. - Lead and Zinc Zinc oxide .......................... 10%
Basic carbonate oflead-- 45% a. Lead and Zinc Zinc oxide............................ 55%
Basic carbonate of lead--- 60% a. Lead, Zinc and Extender Zinc oxide............................ 30% b. White Lead Compound Magnesium silicate............. 10%
Basic esrbonste of lead----Zinc oxide............................ Titanium oxide ................... Magnesium silicate.............
Basic carbonate of lead___ Zinc oxide............................ Magnesium silicate ........
61% 20% 20%
9%
49% 41% 10%
a. Lead, Zinc, Titanium Oxide and Extender
h. White Lead Compound
a. White Base b. White Compound c. Lead, Zinc and Extender
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NPC 005491
Composition Basic carbonate of lead. . . . Zinc oxide............................ Barium sulfate ...................
Basic carbonate of lead.... Zinc oxide............................ Titanium oxide ...................
24% 24% 52%
40% 40% 20%
Basic carbonate of lead.... Zinc oxide............................ Titanium oxide ...................
Leaded zinc ........................ Titanium oxide ...................
55% 30% 15%
80% 20%
Description to Use a. White Base b. White Compound c. Lead, Zinc and Extender
a. White Base b. White Compound c. Lead and Zinc Compound d. Lead, Zinc and Titanium Oxide
a. White Lead Compound b. Lead, Zinc and Titanium Oxide c. Lead and Zinc Compound
a. Leaded Zinc and Titanium Oxide b. Leaded Zinc Compound
Leaded zinc ........................ 80% a. Leaded Zinc Compound Magnesium silicate ............ 20%
Titanium oxide ................... 40% Leaded zinc ........................ 40% Basic carbonate of lead.... 20%
Titanium-barium pigment . 40% Leaded zinc ........................ 40% Basic carbonate of lead----- 20%
a. Titanium Oxide, Leaded Zinc and White Lead
b. White Compound c. White Base
a. Titanium-Barium, Leaded Zinc and Lead
b. White Compound c. White Base
Titanium-barium pigment . 55% a. Titanium-Barium Pigment
Basic carbonate of lead----- 45%
Compound
b. Titanium-Barium and Lead
Titanium oxide................... 24% a. Titanium-Barium Pigment
Blane fixe......................
76% b. White Base
c. White Compound
Titanium oxide................... Blanc fixe............................ Basie carbonate of lead-----
Lithopone ............................. Leaded zinc ......................... Asbestine ..........................
12% 38% 50%
40% 45% 16%
a. Titanium-Barium and Lead b. Whits Bsse
a. White Base b. White Compound c. Lithopone, Leaded-Zinc, and Ex
tender d. Lithopone sad Leaded Zinc Com
pound
Titanium-magnesium pigment 40% Leaded siae ......................... 40%
Asbestine ............................ 20%
Titanium oxide.................... 12%
Leaded zinc..............
44%
Asbestine ............................. 44%
Lithopone ........................... 60% Ztae oxide ........................... 20% Asbestine ............................. 20%
a. White Base h. White Compound c. Titanium-Magnesium, Leaded
Zinc and Extender d. Titanium-Magnesium and Lead
ed Zinc Compound
a. White Base b. White Compound e. Titanium Oxide and Leaded Zinc
Compound
a. Lithopone Compound
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N PC 00 549
Composition
Titanated lithopone ........... 80% Blanc fixe ............................ 30% Zinc sulfide ........................ 30% Blanc fixe ............................ 70% Zinc sulfide ........................ 46% Blanc fixe ............................ 55% High strength lithopone ... 100%
Titanium-calcium pigment . 50% Titanium oxide ................... 30% Calcium carbonate ............. 30%
Titanium oxide ................... 44% Calcium sulfate ................. 36% Calcium carbonate ............. 20%
Description to Use
A. Titanated Lithopone Base
a* White Compound
a. White Compound
a. High Strength Lithopone b. Cryptone Ce Superlith d. Krebolith, etc. a. White Compound b. Titanium-Calcium, Titanium
Oxide Compound c. Titanium-Calcium, Titanium
Oxide and Extender a Titanium Oxide and Extender b. White Compound
COLOR PIGMENTS
Red Lead shall consist entirely of true red lead (Pb30t) and lead monoxide (PbO).
Chrome Yellow and Chrome Orange shall consist of at least 97% of chemical precipitates of normal or basic lead chromates or mixtures of these and other insoluble lead compounds. If a reduced type is used, the percentage of color and of extender shall be given.
Chrome Green shall consist of at least 97% of a precipitated mixture of lead chromate and iron ferro- and ferricyanide blue, and other insoluble compounds of lead. If a reduced color is used, the percentage of color and of extender shall be given.
Prussian Blue (Iron Blue, Chinese Blue, etc.) shall consist entirely of the blue product formed by the reaction of solu tions of iron salts with ferro- or ferricyanide solutions.
Ultramarine Blue shall consist entirely of a manufactured material, the composition of which approximates that of nat ural lapis laxuli.
Lampblack shall consist entirely of the carbonaceous or sooty product obtained by the burning of oils or tars.
Carbon Black shall consist entirely of the carbonaceous product obtained by the burning of natural gas.
Bone Black shall consist entirely of the carbonaceous product obtained by the calcination of bones. There shall be pres-
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NPC 005493
ent not more than 88% of ash, of which not more than 1% shall be insoluble in acids.
Organic Toners (Para Red, Toluidine Red, etc.) shall con sist entirely of the type of toner named. If a reduced toner is used, the percentage of toner and extender shall be given.
Iron Oxide Pigments. These pigments vary so widely in their iron oxide content that it is difficult to assign definite requirements therefor. However, it is suggested that the manufacturer, when labelling products containing iron pig ments, bear in mind the following:
Synthetic Iron Oxides, Black, Red and Yellow are prepared by precipitation of iron liquors, and usually contain not less than 97% of mixed oxides of iron.
Indian Red consists of natural red iron oxide and siliceous material. There is usually present from 98 to 99 percent of iron oxide.
Venetian Red consists of a mixture of red iron oxide, calcium sulphate, and accompanying minerals, and usually contains from 20 to 40 percent of iron oxide.
Ochre consists entirely of a hydrated oxide of iron perme ating a siliceous base, and usually contains from 18 to 22 per cent of iron oxide.
Sienna consists entirely of a hydrated oxide of iron per meating a siliceous base, and usually contains from 50 to 70 percent of iron oxide.
Umber consists entirely of hydrated oxide of iron and hydrated oxide of manganese permeating a siliceous base, and usually contains from 45 to 55 percent of iron oxide and from 10 to 20 percent of manganese oxide.
Colors-in-Oil. The pigment portion of a color-in-oil shall consist entirely of the pigment named. If the kind of oil is named, it shall consist entirely of that oil.
OILS AND LIQUIDS When describing oils, thinners and resins, it is suggested that the following designations be used only when they aptly apply to the product as in the descriptions below. Raw Linseed Oil shall consist entirely of the oil obtained from flaxseed, either by expression or solvent extraction. It shall contain no added metallic compounds. Boiled Linseed Oil shall consist entirely of oil obtained from flaxseed, either by expression or solvent extraction, which will
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v-/
NPC 0054
( give upon analysis not more than 0.5 percent ash from lead and manganese compounds that have been incorporated in the oil. Raw Tung Oil (Chinese Wood Oil) shall consist entirely of the oil obtained from the nut of the Aleurites fordii or A. montana tree, either by expression or solvent extraction. Turpentine shall consist entirely of the products known as gum spirits of turpentine, steam distilled wood turpentine, destructively distilled wood turpentine, or sulfate wood tur pentine. Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits, Oleum Spirits) shall consist entirely of the product obtained by the fractionation of petroleum. RESINS Synthetic Oil or Synthetic Resin. These terms shall not be used unless accompanied with further descriptive data, giving information either regarding the chemical composi tion or trade name. When the trade name is given, the resin in the varnish shall consist entirely of the resin named. Shellac shall consist entirely of the secretion of the lac insect. Phenolic Resin shall consist entirely of the resin obtained by the reaction of phenolic compounds with aldehydic com pounds. Modified Phenolic Resins shall consist entirely of a mixture of phenolic resins and other resins, such as ester gum, rosin, copals, etc. Alkyd Resins shall consist entirely of the reaction product of polyhydric alcohols with polybasic organic adds, done, or in the presence of fatty adds. Eater Gum shall consist entirely of the reaction product of glycerol and rosin.
183
i
NPC 005495