Document OEgpZgbOqKvyVMDrprqMeqJJM

* , 4 . %&*?*!* U&* ^VCT3 BSWSS2W t&W WGii ZVj f* If* <T x ;; ; -* s' ;** :' H.iT -fSes CUaiw. !>i.S l&* ipa-tisUs*.H* In #*tsres* ssd 7*n5t? Jf ': r :.-f r:.sr*.T St* csa- ctraetcd by tla fcoyd-cra in ?`;t es*-. .V ' ' * cab ji! satisfactcry cmics for t S-crly c'.r:,, - c uj..- 1st lead linings Vs greater crevice frea W* issrc silted^ crystals. Gr-Mlly i.ncr'M-scd (IS tiers) gas fit* though tsss unit* tea teywejH about such aore sevtro operating cor.dittoes, :?cr units handling LS.D-CyGJO cu. ft, per day hsw used etairijtBa sieial with aa^ligibl* crrsli cr ercsisa for error four years. ?ry heavy load linings hero girea IT years good service in the Pittsburgh Cota end Chestcal Company rat-treter &ad separator units handling 100,000,000 cu, ft, of gas per dsy. ivea theca us*rs of load who should be satisfied arc plsming to go to stainless stool as lining astorial fsr satureters ard separator* in their by-pewiast ar&a-dua suitato aidto. Slotr.Isas stool provides a lining of greater hardness than the crystals fcreed, thus giving greater abrasion resistance and bettor service than lead linings which are in a hardness rsi^e lever than the crystals,' Recent as* of tor extractors hare greatly i.tcrteaed the deterioration rate of load lin ings as the layer of tar used to adhere to ths Iced foming a protoetire coating which prevented abrasion by the assents* sulfate crystals. Chcaical Dullptin l!o, 3 was baaed on observations of the by-product coke plant of ore of the larger steel cccpatdcs, Since that tine it has been learned that that company has instigated a broad prograa to deterxLne where their o>n product, stainless t ^1, could be used in place of ct!*r rats rials. It nay be expected that they will ha .a full access to the stainless lnforaation obtained by the iopp-trs Coopany, a. IMTBOaXCTC-aT KISTOftf (See Cbtoieal Dull*tin t'o, 3, Part la) fids bulletin Is 1? rrnt.-ry to Dull* l',-, So, 3 and presents ivnrly obtained inferextien on the sea*- r.-tject, i,., the rcj-4acea*nt of lead Jin* ir.g* by steinles? ,tel in atlursttrs M seperattes. fw ywrs er.gir.eerg haw* studied the prone* of rr_>ovir-; trfrvwda fr c.-'t* vr-;. r>3 and obaUning a better quality iw. if. It was fo'*4 .-sre-ert.-jr t*1 prod-uo* a swierately try, aV.-.-t rut '- I . t v it rufir.it* lisdts (w iV^.> t: " .* no crystal ; ! gradi-t* hti t' te-.ro *u ir. turepe. to ae*t t; -'a conditions ths diluis r LIA09812 ' ir * Z`M .k -V < . : l'- ,i -1 Chssitsl Bulletin R, 6 2- Fo'-rc&iy")* U&7 meld bath wss aj,itsted by the u*e of eir or gas, by swcfciKieal sixers end tfca vs* of liquor circulation. Crystal also eeruid thus ba iMraarad by fcrinring fibc-it Uiier ex-t-sut end longer tixe of contact of tb Bqpsrsetwroitd fdlstdan with the previecsiiy fomad crystals. Daring ths Isto thirties when hotter quality competitive eysUtio TShlfsl wr-.* ,"r;^5'5i io ssaitemsvsm C&atd&g Center* aizisg t^as gsctsKw^T' i?s3 baits;* and loader tSs* of contact of il e^wsrss.;-?:rtwi *3ltsiica vsisa ti-. js'wteaaSy fesatd *r7:;ttis. The Kit predaoed nftsts Mgs *&' for *Sss gad wiwses tha di.;.Xsrcatil prcjovr lcsa, Tfca first siesta? csf this to use eteiaisES etusl lirtlnss &ad crcakcr pips %a toSlt is l&J* '* *- la s-iiitisi to eszoniua rolfsts frcs coato plroSa largo ssaoBjta aro 4 ' prodastd frsa eyrchstie esscni* which caused a dacrc&oc in nitrogen cost fr 60*151 per pour/i in 1665 to $0,065 per pound in ISkO (Chcnlcd tnInsert*, Eeccsbsr, 1$*). Since then the producing capacity for synthetic nitrogen 1 ecepOiswds has been greatly expanded In both the Unitod States end CwwU. Enen 4 European production is reamed further downward trends are probable* In this highly coapetitiwe situation the coke area operator le faced with the necessity of reducing costs to stay in the a&uonlua sulfate businesss or to find new products such as aesccnitn phosphate, *.ix*iua nitrate or acuonion carbonate through carbon dioxide. Ha s * also nay be produced frees synthetic assents. There is apparently no food ansver yet and his only recourse is to study recovery sethad* and ask* every possible effort to reduce costs. By ualn* stainless J16 to replace lead lining* in saturctor-eeparatcr units their aaintena-o* costs have been reduced frees the level of excessive to negligible* . 4 b* FRCCLS* DO EQJIFV5fT tSC?-IPTICB ,, f > Cole oven wao, with or without reheat, enter* the outer section of the - saturator as shewn on tha drewing, passes through slots in the lower portless of the eracier pipe and bubbles through (theoretical seal depth. b-3/l in.) fc liquor contairi-.. U to 66 free acid. The gas leaving the bath lsvel carries . with it sco* sulphuric acid spray which re-coves additional aanonia. The gas passes through tie scld separator, whirling around the inner sectloo thrpugb which it finally leaves. The acid partialis and Ue few droplets of tar that nay still regain in tie gas are thrown outward, i-ylng* upon the walls and drain it through the bottoa to the tar skis**r tank as shown* f Ths cracker pipe ferns a ring sround the liquid lsvel of the saturates* beth and ths liquor is circulated as shown, being withdrawn through the top center of the bath frou the area of aawmla absorption and aupsraaturatlcm fast enough ts licit its cor-centrutioc of asnoolus sulfate above ths noraal Saturstioa f -t \ and thus control the rate of new crystal forastion. The circulating liquor pass*# ig> through tie crystals which collect on the bottom of the eeturstor* { Contact with the crystals deeuj* Maturates the liquor in preparation for addition- | *1 absorption and euperasturation whn the liquor reaches the acne of contact >: with tha gas at ths top, ; Cryrtsls sre puspi froa t> bolio* of the a-.tJi^tor through lsad pips to a lead lir*d elurry feed tan* freo wtiich the llq >or return* ty gravity as shown* k coastwit level overflow In the saturator culr.uuns the liquor level at h-JA In. above ths distributor slots in tt>o cracker pipe arvl with this seal depth over >9,ST aatonla la re>ov*d, Ttw overflow runs off into th* tar ski.-ssef ; l \ j { LIA09823 k v ... \ ri ,, t: '.n l - i i.'i.i c;v v ; . V i-'a :> ? asy ciscsisu'es'<?: Ua/s o t tScoc^ ti* Ur 19 &i&o srfdid *t Usa tty cS t&s a&bes&spp ,- * Ct, r~ A ; t?3 l&sd Iras glean good esreico ferlining cetaretors cal esnamtors K:-ii tha introduction of tar extraMor units wrleh resovsc! tbs ir fres t!a ceis* own gas before it antored tbs esturetara. Previously t" colifccted e tr-s lead linings and cracker pipas fend took tost of tha cii-asicm of ths ftse&nixa rj.LTsVa crystals. Tha old type was toc*ni as the P fc A tar extractor which wa.* 6J-T$?> efficient fend recaved t*r particles by h^Jir.,3*at or. plates plaird perpendicular to the ju flow. Tha nseer unite, tha Eli* end Cottrell types, era even sera officiant, with an alaoot ecEpietc reasral of ver. Shea this cue about it was found that a 1/1-in. lead linin* was tom cut in a fee aeniha tiaa by the hard crystals of eaaori.ua sulfate. As such as 36 tons of crystals say be foroad per dsy in one saturator. It sost be raaeabered that with ths increased competition the coke eekers hare had frcci tha syrsthrtio acaonla producers they hara been forced to i use arch larger quantities of gas per dsy. Vhere e snail plant eight not pro duce aore then 1,COO,COO cu. ft. of gas per dsy, the larger cocpanios bare 1 been forced to tend nore gas per unit of tine through their asesonia recovery units. In one of tha new saturators built by ths toppers Co., 2,000,000 cu. ft, per h?ur are put through ttic stainless lined equipment first eperated in January," 1/Ii5. This particular unit is apparently serving as a pilot plant for study of operations with stainless linings and cracker pipes. if ii Co stainless steel (316) unit, installed in lyU2 hat served In excellent fashion since that tiae. They have used 3/i6-ln. stainless for bottoa linings which are still in service though said to be wearing thin in spots. Stainless steel erssker pipes, 1/ti-in. thick, hare been miktd every year sines but no aeasursblo difference has been found while the one inch thick lead cracker pipes failed in a few nonths, The teeth between slots for grs exit froa lead cradox pipes broke off, which apparently caused irregularities in crystal foroetion. Acid ceparatcre are of the tangential type wherein the acid particles are thrown against the outer wall by the rapidly taring stress of gas which flora dr*rard and around the vortical exit shaft. Since tar rt&evtl ht# teen perfected, erosion trv.t iti havu eel In. rfith live increased flow of gas through the unite t!# M particle* have been thrown against the load lining with even greater i *, causing failure thre-igh erosion. This is a localised failure, orjarring prl - ;..tlly at the tc-p In tha area where the acid parti eloa are first thrown a., si ns l ths lining. 5tair.l*i linings have served with no trouble sines first Installed h to 6 years ago. LIA 09814 Ctottsril Bsll/itia JJe-8 4 S"o;;r^,?;* .V T ..." : ft* Kcjperj Caspar? S$te*PC fctrs vis* tMr fr?" ft.*-' ' . ted ecfs^tcra viths-jS cruceess, Erie's V-r.C.-.- . fio* <: vu. *. >.- ' <acafiec*al.lr *cr actnw li^asr isalr ivn:- $ , :. '.-..rs, * .ferWl'. s& fcracs-iy fc*sS-*ta tfe-. cT, i -- ,. ' c r .= Stv.'S *? gg* ?fXiiK is *bU&t W5,i;j vl'v. i-i0il4tS fciY-'-Ui' fr., .-. .. jre&tshsta ts r"-.i <5rjd-!i.{as?>& i**{ ^ . ........ .;.. . 6, nrst O--r--t P ijinwcwEms ' ` Test e&bsratcrB of tho Pltfcebsrjis Gs'm tsi Chesaieal Ca^sasy or';:'.;'. c-C , .tis** St*, * of tbasa elMps feetEg Irt-i is (. the *, v . of tfc ** gsasrjsl design m *bcra ia Cj o aiccr-vgfes to'-'.: `-r-` t; ; , sidled 4a 152?* 'Aft&r 1? jritn essa..w> tfc.*v` ' i> cjssad far :!'- ^r,-, Lisa.* rseeotly tad tbs l*a* load cwckw pir-a end tu l4se 2s fcs*.; _* kr..- ' wra in good condition and h*v been put basic in e&rclea* Tbs crdy rc^lsas* mtst was a new lead lining for th* varticil ^dsactloa* Tba estaK^sf 1* a 10-ft, uidt through wldch ii {.tnerally bailed about 1,000,000 cu* . ft* of gas per day. The Oeneral Superintendent of this plant anticipate* a lowering of ost of stainless steel and plans to change to this material *ben tbs pries suits hla* .- C05CL0SI0S3 ' In general lead has cot given satisfactory scrrics In tbs saturators and ssparators widch ars tha rssjor portions of tbs unit for recovery of aaaonia* Failure say be traced to tar removal froa the coke oven (as and the greatly increased floe of ja* in an effort to lower costs and east competition fren synthetic aaaonia producers* 1. Lead linings (sides and bottoes) of saturators have failed froa strssica by hard ssaanlua sulfate crystals since the protective ter is new reserved frsn the (as. 2. Teeth between (as exit slots in the sides of one-inch thick lead cracker pipes break off ir. a few norths under accelerated processing new used in large plants. 3. Lead linings in acid separators have failed by erosion near the entry port where acid particles ere thrown froa the (as by centrifugal force. b. Tile was tried for saturator linings and was not well liked* The conpetition of synthetic accords hat caused coke plant engineers to betsd every effort to increase production of srrvor.lua sulfate, cut the cost of production en4 to obtain tuudmaa use froa production equipoent* 1. Stainless steel, )16,lA-in thick has served since 19b2 as craoker pipe* with no neasurtble change in thickness, 2* Saturator tottoa linings of j/14-ln, stairless have served since 1VU2 with no repairs required, though said to be wearing thin In spots. /' LIAQ9815 0: ^s H' ii ' 't ' t I' C&sijsal $o .6 -5 - ft&mzf 3 15&? -. fa; J, l*ea ia esall gSsnfcs sfepa cecratifcs CfiftSitieM-ftr# ' rsk&ii-ily 2{& e& lots: h&s g-ivaa sertfUsi J&*fi2 StSt* tO C3S3 U StAiEjtfiwi *' :- ...- .&?'* && vez'isrn Uf ho w*vS v&ttvtz-e eg Sss# e*'i&eta%az? t k &t in iho edti. c k o c *;, ai iss's in ii-scc sxsHiegy xn-.lti .-IWU 5S *>r . 1? i\ I*:,a Cd is29 r&'.lt'Xl* ? 'ieki.tiiaiiC-ii.dKy..: j -.- l*.'?sr. j pJs c -s CEfi ttrSsga is? *Itss -sad stssSa liaise? orf alie Kid, ** faPln> 2* Xsa Usings fw tl slurry ft-;-* -tacks reffiw -r-'.w:- r; 'JiiSla a&aslss sod iU preb&aiy eor.tlfg ia 3. la essll plant oparatl cm, there e&s flcs 1* not high, ii&i has given good lar-^in cX csrvios for cracker jdpes and linings fer esturaters Kid separators but will probably be replead if tho pia.-rt capacity ia increased* ii. filtrate tanks sad tar slrl tamer tasks will probably contins* to use lead linings. S* Brick linings without lead have been used with success In nether liquor tanks and price td.ll probably be the deciding factor* * ' *V. * r -ynr-'.-V .................... . ** i LIA 09816