Document OEMxZ5j54XaQkDX0M75mGO58X

NWBB-0(iUt39 OC'v tNDUFOroUtMlAOLATHIYOOKItNE Vol. 7 FOUNDATION FACTS March. 1945 Foundition Fact* i* a monthly news-letter i*uedrp to industrial concern* holding fnember*hip in.^* Industrial Hygiene Foundation. The Foundation***! it ^ non-profit ataociation of Industrie* for the*H C9advancement of healthful working conditions.*"^ ________________________________a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GET No.. 5 op More Publications Coming The Transactions of the Medibal and Engineering Sections of the Founda tion's last annual meeting of members, and the Transactions -of the Management Section, will be published and ,ent to members early in April. Both bulletins contain an up- to-date list of Members and Subscribers, together with a list of publications. These Transactions reports, presenting much timely data, conclude the series of five pub lications which comprise the proceedings for the Ninth Annual Meeting. Dermatitis and "Hidden Costs" An important but seldom recognized "cost" of dermatitis is the demoralising effects of an outbreak of sk-in ailments upon the working population. Like accidents, dermatitis is more dramatic than the-usual occupational diseases. Rumors and worries spread swiftly} work suffers and complaints mount. In fact some plants have been threatened with work stoppages over dermatitis. Management must pay for industrial health, either in the form of prevention, which is economical and hence good business, or in the form of compensation, suits, absenteeism, ill will, labor turnover and unrest. Which? Costs are no less real because they fail to show cm the books. Dr. Lanza Honored: Dr. Hussev to Wavne U. Col. A.J. Lanza, M.C., who was recently honorably discharged from the Army, has been awarded the Legion of Merit. The award is for his work in"the development of the health program of the Army for civilian workers in Army-owned and operated industrial plants. Drl Lanza, Chairman of the Foundation's Medical Committee has returned to Metropolitan Life Insurance Company where he has been named Associate Medical Rrector. Lt. Col. Raymond Hussey, M.C., who was associated with Col. Lanza and was in charge of the Army's Industrial Hygiene Laboratory at Johns Hopkins, recently re ceived his honorable discharge. Dr. Hussey, also a member of the Foundation's Medical Committee, goes to Wayne University in Detroit to organize and direct an Institute for Occupational Health. Faahion Note High-heeled shoes contribute to fatigue falls among women workers. Some plants solved this problem by calling together a group of the prettiest and most popular girls and inducing their cooperation in "setting a fashion" for shoes and clothing safe and suitable for the industrial scene. Dr. kneel and Mr. Barnes Receive Westinehouse Award The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company's Order of Merit for employees has just been awarded to Dr. Charles F. Engel and Mr. Edgar C. Barnes for outstanding work in industrial hygiene. 03118543 ' INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 P4rTH AVENUE PrYTa*U*OM (u). FA. K W B B -flfiim i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page News Items........................................................................... 1 0 Occupational Disease Statistics............... 3 Legal Developments........................ 4 >-- Book Reviews and Notices.................................................. 5 0) Industrial Health Hazards and Their Effects.............. 6 Control Methods............................................ .............. *. 9 Skin Diseases and Burns.................................................... 12 Putting the Disabled Veteran Back to Work............ . 14 Industrial Medical Practice............................................ 17 Absenteeism, Hours of Labor, etc................................... 22 Abnormal Air Pressures................................ 23 Industrial Nursing............................................................. 24 Accident Prevention........................................................... 23 Laboratory Toxicological Studies................................... 27 03118544 HMBB-O0im2 March, 1945 Vol. IX. Ho. 5. Industrial Hygiene Foundation 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh 13, Pennsylvania INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Literature and News News Items 320 Post Graduate Work in Industrial Health at Pitt. The first student to enroll for postgraduate work in the Department of Industrial Hygiene in the School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, is Dr. Jorge Vergara of Bogota, Colombia, South America. Dr. Vergara is a graduate of the Universidad Nacional-Facultad de Medicina in Bogota. Following his intemeship, he served as assistant physician in Nacional Reformatori and as medical chief, Textile Industry, Csrulla & Cia in Bogota and medical chief, Gold Mine, Pato Consoli dated, Antioquia. In 1944 Dr. Vergara won by competition a scholarship for graduate study in the United States, offered foreign students by the United States State Department. Dr. Vergara's course of instruction will include a period of time with the staff of Industrial Hygiene Foundation. ' 321 Built-in System Stops Deereasing Machine Fires. Volume parts cleaning with self-contained units that automatically wash and dry machine parts involves fire protection requirements because of the quantity of flammable liquids used. Built-in systems, with carbon dioxide as the extin guishing agent, are now being used in several types of washing machines. The machine rapidly fills with carbon dioxide which quickly extinguishes the en closed fire. -- Chem. Preview, 8., 11 (Jon., 1945) 322 Half War Workers Need Eve Glasses. Savs WPB. War Production is hard on the eyes as well as on the enemy, the War Production Board says. Nearly half of the nation's war workers need glasses and could do a better job if they got them, the WPB concluded after a survey of 7,500 plants. But plant managers don't do much about it; 92 percent of the plants do not ex amine the eye condition of workers who have been reported for poor production; 30 percent do not know if the lighting in their shops is up to the American standard code; 65 percent of those who provide prescription glasses do not understand the need for having.prescriptions suited to the worker's job, -- The Wall Street Journal, (Jan. 22, 1945) 323 Health Education at Westinehouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Two indispensable factors in the maintenance and improvement of health are de sirable health habits and authentic health information. It is, In fact, clearly obvious that regardless how great one's fund of information might be, unless this knowledge is translated into practical activity it can contribute little to an individual1 s well-being. The Medical Department of Westinghouse Elec, and Mfg. Co. will issue a series of health leaflets during 1945 as follows: January...High Blood Pressure; February,..How's Your Heart?; March...Something You Can Do About Cancer; April...When Muscles Hurt; May...Good for a Lifetime ---- If (Eye Care); June...Rupture (Hernia); July...What's Aheed on the Highway?; August...Skin; September...Oh, My Jointsl; October...Appendicitis; November .. Keep 'Em Out! (Respiratory Disease); December...How Do You Measure Up? 03118545 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 2 March, 1945.- 324 West Coat Industrial Health Organization Formed. ~ Announcement was made recently of the formation of an organization on the Westg Coast "for the health of workers in industry". Rutherford T. Johnstone, M. D.J noted for his work and writings on industrial health, heads the organization 5 which is known as The Pacific Industrial Hygiene and Research Foundation, lo cage at 423 Towne Ave,, Los Angeles 13, Calif. 325 Dental Health in Industry. Industrial hazards, according to the National Dental Hygiene Association, include accidents to teeth from tools or machinery; erosion of teeth from holding objects such as nails or glass tubes in the mouth; frequent or long-continued use of sub stances such as mercury, bismuth, radium, arsenic, phosphorus, benzene, acids, alkalis, and gases, which may permanently damage mouth tissues. -- The Health Advisory Council, Chamber of Commerce of the United States, Washington (Feb.1945) 326 A Guide to Better Nutrition. A new chart has been compiled by the H. J. Heinz Company which gives a simple plan for meeting the requirements of a well balanced diet, with short, compre hensive discussions of protein, fats and carbohydrates, and with tables showing the chief uses and sources of all the vitamins and minerals needed in the diet.-- H. J. Heinz Co., Pittsburgh, Fa. (Reprints are available from Industrial Hygiene Foundation upon request) 327 Abstracts of 45.000 Alien Patents Available. James . Markham, Alien Property Custodian, announces the publication of two sets of abstracts or short descriptions of 45,000 alien owned U. S. patents seized by the United States Government. These patents, developed by our enemies at a cost of millions of dollars and millions of man hours, contain items which may be of value in prosecuting the war and also for post-war use. They cover practic ally every field of manufacture. An index showing the section or class titles and prices may be obtained free of charge by writing to the Alien Property Custo dian, 311 Field Building, Chicago 3, 111. 328 Editor's Note re Rosie the Riveter. M. D. It has been called to our attention that the article Rosie, the Riveter, M. D. by Marion J. Dakin (abstract 318, February 1945) appeared originally in Industri al Medicine (June 1944) under the title: "The Psychogenic Factors in the Care of Women". 329 Cravon Causes Dermatitis Outbreak. Crayon used in marking steel, aluminum and other metals was found to be the cause of a serious outbreak of dermatitis among foundry workers, in a recent in vestigation made by the Industrial Hygiene Service of the Missouri State Board of Health. The marking pencil was used in applying identification numbers on poured castings with a surface temperature of 800-900 F. When used on cold metal parts the crayons caused no trouble, but in contact with the.hot metal chlorinated naphthalene used as a pigment binder was volatilized, causing derma titis of the armsK face, and neck in workers using it. Air samples collected in the vicinity of the marking operations showed the presence of high concentrations of chlorinated naphthalene. Shutdown of this vital operation was avoided through prompt development of a new crayon containing no toxic material. -- Ind. Hyg. New: Letter S, 9 (Feb.1945) 03118546 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 3 Occupational Disease Statistics March, 1945' oscsiao 330 Occupational Disease Statistics. Calif.2 Ind.2 Mich.2 Ohio^- Wis.2 Dec. Feb. Feb. Jan. Jan. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 19M 2 1945 1945 1 1945 1945 Totals 25 Carbon Tetrachloride poisoning 1 12 Chemical Poisoning (not specified) 26 1 4 1 32 Conjunctivitis 289 289 Deafness S 3 \--" Dermatitis 441 18 85 368 63 975 Heart Disease 11 Hernia Infections 44 44 Inflammatory Conditions 99 2 5 104 Lead Poisoning 17 21 6 1 27 Metal Fume Fever Miscellaneous 4 3 *1 7 2 142 * 144 Pneumoconiosis (exclusi"* of fiLlicosis) 12 4 16 Pulmonary & Bronchial Affections 12 12 Silicosis 2 6 27 1 86 Shin Diseases (other than dermatitis) 17 17 Toluene Poisoning 11 Tuberculosis (due to contact) 66 Trichloroethylene Poisoning 22 JM Upper Respiratory Affections_________ 4 87 Totals 900 20 114 575 85 1694 (1) Occupational Disease Claims filed with the Industrial Coimtission. There were 96,474 days lost including 10 deaths from silicosis, one from tubercu losis and three from unspecified causes. (2) Occupational Disease Cases filed with the Health Department. 03118547 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 4 Legal Developments March, 1945 ^ si CCOO 531 Determination of Liable Insurer for Disability Due to Lead Poisoning. Where, after a few months' period of disability owing to the condition of her em ployment, for which disability the employee did not enforce a compensation claim, an employee returned to her employment under somewhat improved conditions, al though still unfavorable, from January 20, 1941 to November 27, 1942, when she became permanently and totally disabled as a result of lead poisoning contracted in the course of her employment, there was sufficient evidence to show that claim ant continued to be exposed to the hazard of her employment through the last day of her employment. Therefore, the insurance carrier who was insuring the employ er' s risk upon the last day of the exposure which rendered the employer liable, such day being November 27, 1942, was liable for compensation. -- Durham Manufac turing Co. v. Hutchins. Indiana Appellate Court. No. 17,310. Decided January 4, 1945j opinion corrected January 9, 1945. (CCH) 332 Liability for Lead Poisoning; Employer v- Commonwealth. Although there is a provision in the Occupational Disease Compensation Act impos ing 50% liability upon the Commonwealth for compensation due in cases where an occupational disease causes disability only after five years or more exposure to the hazard, it is necessary that a claim petition be filed and an award be made thereon before the Commonwealth can be held liable since it does not enter into compensation agreements. Therefore, where the employer and an employee who had become disabled as a result of lead poisoning entered into a compensation agree ment and the employer drew up the form of the agreement which only casually men tioned that it would pay compensation in accordance with section 308, thereby mis leading the employee into failing to file a claim petition against the Common wealth until after the statutory period had passed, no liability devolved to the Commonwealth and the employer was liable for the full amount of compensation agreed upon. -- Reichert v. Pennsylvania Railroad Co. Pennsylvania Superior Court. No. 8, March Term, 1944. December 13, 1944. (CCH) 333 Occupational Neurosis as Comnenaable Occupational Disease. ' Where, after about fourteen years' employment as a linotype operator for his em ployer, the claimant noticed recurrent cramping and spasm of his left hand in the course of his employment, which condition was diagnosed as occupational neurosis and attributed to chronic fatigue of the controlling muscles and to a mental dis turbance owing to a long-standing disagreement and unpleasantness between claimant and his foreman, it WES error to award compensation since the malady is not one peculiar to the employment of a linotypist or to any occupation but is one to which the general public is exposed at all times, whether in employment or not. -- Star Publishing Co. v. Jackson. Indiana Appellate Court. No. 17,301. December 20, 1944. (CCH) 354 Construing of Statute Making Commonwealth Liable for Fifty Percent of Award for Occupational Diseases. The pertinent part of the statute, making the Commonwealth liable for fifty per cent of an award for an occupational disease under certain circumstances, states: "When compensation is awarded because of disability or death caused by silicosis, anthraco-silicosis, asbestosis, or any other occupational disease which developed to the point of disablement only after an exposure of five or more years,...." The absence of a comma between "disease" and "which" does not mean that the phrase fO) ,-JJi '4? Industrial Hygiene Digest - 5 March, 1945 "which developed to the point of disablement only after an exposure of five or more years," pertains solely to "any other occupational disease" since all Penn lvania laws are enacted totally devoid of punctuation marks. Punctuation is later inserted by the office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth and is withou significance. Because the diseases of silicosis, antraco-silicosis, and asbestosis were dealt with separately in preceding sections of the Occupational Di sease Act, it can be found that they were specifically enumerated in this secti of the Act to avoid the interpretation that the term "occupational diseases" otherwise excludes coverage of the enumerated diseases. Therefore the phrase pertains to silicosis and applies to this claim for an award where death resulted from silicosis. -- Kuntz v. Alliance Sand Co. Pennsylvania Superior Court. Nos. 24 and 25, October Term, 1944. January 25, 1945. (CCH) 335 Coronary Occlusion as Result of Exposure to Extreme Weather Conditions. There is evidentiary support for the finding that a deceased plant patrolman suffered a coronary occlusion and subsequent death as a result of his work in traveling through heavy snow and in exposure to cold. -- Matter of Flammer v. Bethlehem Steel Co. New York, Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Third Judicial Dept. No. 272-2. November 22, 1944. (CCH) 336 Occupational Disease to be Treated as Accident. Disablement or death of an employee resulting from an occupational disease shall be treated as the happening of an injury by accident within the meaning of the North Carolina Workmen* s Compensation Act and the procedure and practice and compensation and other benefits provided by said Act shall apply in all such cases except as otherwise provided. The word "accident," as used in the Work men's Compensation Act, shall not be construed to mean a series of events in em ployment, of a similar or like nature, occurring regularly, continuously or at frequent intervals in the course of such employment, over extended periods of time, whether such events may or may not be attributable to fault of the employer, and disease attributable to such causes shall be compensable only if culminating in an occupational disease mentioned in, and compensable under this Act} Provided, however, no compensation shall be payable for asbestosis and/or silicosis as hereinafter defined if the employee, at the time of entering into the employment of the employer by whom compensation would otherwise be payable, falsely repre sented himself in writing as not having previously been disabled or laid off be cause of asbestosis or silicosis. Occupational diseases caused by chemicals shall be deemed to be due to exposure of an employee to the chemicals herein mentioned only when as a part of the employment such employee is exposed to such chemicals in such foim and quantity, and used with such frequency as to cause the occupational disease mentioned in connection with such chemicals. The sched ule includes 25 specific diseases end conditions. -- General Statutes of North Carolina, 1943, Chapter 97, Sec. 97-52. (CCH) Book Reviews and Notices 03118549 337 Industrial Medicine. H. Rolleston, A. Moncrieff and D. Munro. Eyre and Spottiswoode, Ltd., London, England, 202 pp. Price 16s (1944) This book is one of a group, Thejjactitiona`Handkooics- Each of its 18 chapters, written by a different author, presents a phase of industrial medicine. Its purpose is to acquaint the general practitioner with the scope and meaning of in dustrial medicine so that he may work in close cooperation with his brother practitioner in the factory. Of special interest are the chapters devoted to neuroses, malingering fatigue and boredom, which aim to aid the outside physician >' 0' -^ /"V .-S'") Industrial Hygiene Digest - 6 March, 1945 to understand the psychological factors surrounding the industrial workers. Other chapters cover industrial poisons, dermatoses, injuries, chest diseases, problems of nutrition, of environment and of general welfare. 338 Accident Facts. 1944 Edition. National Safety Council, 20 N. Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois, 96 pp. (1944) Price from publisher 50 cents (reduction for 10 copies or more). This book contains an extensive compilation of statistics about accidents, industrial, traffic, home, school, railroad, aviation, etc. In industrial acci dents, the improvement in frequency has continued through 1945. Fatality rates were highest in the mining industry. Falls were the most costly causes of acci dents, handling objects the most frequent. Worker deaths in 1943 totaled 42,500, of which 18,000 occurred at work. A table gives the percent of accidents in shipbuilding industry preventable by specified remedies. Industrial Health Hazards and Their Effects 339 Welding Fumes; Facts and Fancy. M. Boss and Philip Drinker. Nat. Safety News, 51, 14-15, 80 (Feb., 1945) Few of the fantastic stories about welding hazards have any basis in fact. These stories include "coated lungs", stomach ulcers, tuberculosis, and falling hair. "Coated lungs" are imaginary, and the incidence of ulcers and tuberculosis has been shown to be no higher than in other occupations. However, there are the definite hazards of metal fume fever and the effects of lead, cadmium, nitrous, fumes to be considered, and a ventilating program is necessary for protection. Ventilating procedure, especially government shipyards, is described and illus trated in some detail, with emphasis on 3 general principles: (1) keep it simple; (2) make it semipermanent; and (3) standardize designs for all hulls at all stages of construction. 340 Health Hazards Associated with the Welding Process. Report of Cases and Review of Recent Literature. R. W. Quinn. Military Surgeon. 95, 410-419 (Nov..1944) The author reviews the literature and describes 6 cases among sailors who welded galvanized surfaces. 341 Welding Fumes in Steel Fabrication. Philip Drinker and R. W. Nelson. Ind. Med., 13, 673-675 (Sept., 1944) The composition of welding fumes depends upon the composition of welding rod and its coating. The authors report analyses of the wire, coatings and fumes. Iron oxide and silica usually predominate in the fumes, with zinc, calcium, and chromi um and other oxides according to the composition of the wire and coating. Nitro gen peroxide is present but there is not enough to be injurious except in confin ed spaces. Metal fume fever is fairly common where galvanized iron is welded. Symptoms are described. No satisfactory therapy has been reported. The incidenc of pneumonia among welders is not greater than that found among other shipyard workers. Good ventilation is important. Local exhausts should draw 200 cubic feet per minute per welder, within 8 inches of the work, or twice that amount with general ventilation. Satisfactory concentrations are 15 mg. zinc oxide or 30 mg. iron oxide per cubic meter. 342 Paragon^ ipt a sis in Returning War Veterans. Anonymous. J. A. M. A,, 127 , 461-462 (Feb. 24, 1945) When patients complain of chronic cough, pain in the chest and hloody sputum, the possibility of paragonimiasis, or endemic hemoptysis, caused by infection with HWBB-0011147 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 7 March, 1945 the long fluke Paragonimus westermani, should be considered. The symptoms are 2 caused by the presence of the worms or their ova in the various tissues of the * body, particularly the lungs and blood vessels, or by secondary infection. es Diagnosis is made by finding the ova in the sputum or feces. The chain of in- fection requires two intermediate hosts, plus the definitive host, man. Ova eo are passed from man through the snail, then through the crayfish or crab, whiclS in turn is eaten by man. It is possible that this infection may be' established1^ in this country. Specific treatment is not yet available. 343 Injuries to Hearing in Industry, ff. H. Gardner. Ind. Med., l, 676-679, (Sept., 1944) A compilation of audiograms of 296 shipyard workers compared with those of 315 high school students showed a marked hearing loss among the workers, increasing in those who had worked longest in the yards. The higher tones are first affect ed; later the lower. These relations still hold when the factor of increasing age is eliminated. The hearing of employees who are to work in noisy places should be tested prior to the time of their assignment, thus providing a basis for refuting any false claims for damage by those who had a previous hearing loss. Madttinery should be designed to lessen reverberation; sound absorbing material should be used on walls and ceilings of factories, and it should be in sisted upon that employees subjected to noise wear protectors for their ears. -- J.'l.H.&T. 344 The Investigation of Toxic Hazards. M, V. Goldblatt. Brit. J. Ind. Med., 1, 20-30 (1944) ~ A review of numerous toxic chemicals commonly used in industry. -- C.A. 345 Basic Slag Pneumonia, with Special Reference to Immunization against Pneumococcal, Infection. K. Heine and E. Homann, Deutsch Med. Wchnschr, 70, 15-16, 221-225 (Apr1944) (German) Basic slag pneumonia, unlike other dust diseases, affects new as well as old workers and the causal pneumococci belong almost exclusively to types I, II and III. In a large factory in Germany where there had been an increasing incidence of pneumonia with a high death rate, active immunization against pneumococcal in fection was begun in 1937, at first by injection, then by oral administration of dragees. Results showed a striking decrease in both incidence and mortality of pneumonia. It was also established that protective substances were present in the serum of immunized persons for 10-12 months after immunization. It is recommended that immunization should be repeated after two years and that it can be successfully carried out by oral administration. -- From Bull. Hyg. 346 Nitrous and Nitric Gas Casualties. D. K. Charleroy. D.S.Naval Med. Bull. 44. 435-437 (Feb., 1945) A report is presented of 23 cases of gas poisoning caused by nitrous and nitric gases. Wine men were seriously affected and there were two deaths. It was noted that there were no symptoms immediately after exposure, but they developed from 4 to 24 hours later. All cases presented similar prodromal symptoms. The suddenness of the appearance of serious symptoms and complications was a striking feature. -- Author's Summary. 347 Manganese Poisoning in Chile. 1-Environmental Factors. 2-Cllnical and Medico legal Aspects. J. Ansola, E. Uiberall and E. Escudero. Rev. Med. de Chile, 72. 222-229 (Mar., 1944) 311-322 (April, 1944) Most of the 64 cases of manganese poisoning studied come from the San Juan mine , in Antofogasta, at 2000 metres, Other mines in the district have fewer cases of poisoning, which may be due to the fact that at the San Juan mine the ore is near ly all pyrolusite (manganese dioxide), whereas at the others it is mainly mangan ese trioxide. Intoxication occurs much earlier than has been previously recorded. 03118551 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 8 March, 1945^ The earliest occurred after 45 days' employment and the average was 178 days. S The authors describe in detail 34 cases, which are divided into two groups: tH<3 psychotic and the neurological. Symptoms of both groups are given. The medico* legal aspect and the question of compensation are considered. The authors mak no statements about the pathology of the condition for none of those under thef? observation died.-- Bull. Hyg. 348 Mercury Content of the Human Organism. XXXIII. Effect end Distribution of Mercury. 2. A. Stock. Biochem. Z., 516. 108-122 (1943) Mercury volatilizes considerably even at room temperature and may be inhaled. Extensive analyses carried out on 63 human cadavers again show that kidney and hypophysis are the 2 organs in which circulating mercury accumulates preferen tially. Hie blood contains on the average 0.56 mg. %, but this increases enor mously after the application of mercury ointment and persists for a long time afterwards. The urinary excretion likewise rises greatly, -- C.A. 349 Mercury Poisoning. A. Stock. Berichte Deut. chem. Ges., ,75, 1530-1535 (Feb.10, 1943) (German) This article, the last of a series on chronic mercury poisoning following long exposure to low atmospheric concentrations of mercury vapor, contains a study of the action of mercury on the organism, and a warning to all exposed to mer cury, the special danger of which lies in its ready volatility, since poisoning may follow long-continued exposure to air containing as little as 10-20 microgram: . of mercury per cubic meter. Symptoms are at first neuropsychie--drowsiness, headache, lassitude, lack of concentration--and later catarrh, salivation, gingi vitis, frequent micturition, and diarrhea. Once poisoning has occurred, sensitiv ity to small dosage (as little as 1 microgram of mercury per cubic meter) is much increased, so that even working in old chemical or physical laboratories may give rise to disturbance. The distribution in the body and the mechanism of ex cretion of mercury are described in detail. -- Bull.Hyg. 350 Occupational Arevria. J. E. M. Wigley and P. M. Deville. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 37, 648-649 (Sept.^944) This article discusses a case of typical occupational argyria. An apparently healthy man of 61, in the silver trade most of his life, began to develop grey to black pigmentation about 10 years ago, which gradually extended to many parts of the body. It is hoped to investigate this case more fully, 351 Kerosene Intoxication. W. B. Deichmann, K. V. Kitzmiller, S. lithemp and R. Johansmann. Ann. Int. Med., 21, 803-823 (Nov., 1944) A typical case of fatal kerosene poisoning in a child is reported in detail, to gether with the gross and microscopic postmortem findings, and the clinical as pects of this type of intoxication are presented. There is evidence that there is vascular injury in, the lungs from kerosene carried to the lungs by way of the blood stream, as well as by direct aspiration, and because of this fact every ef fort should be made to remove the kerosene from the gastrointestinal tract as quickly as possible in treating cases of kerosene poisoning, 352 Uremia Following Inhalation of Carbon Tetrachloride. A. J. Gordon. J. Mt. Sinai Hospital, ID, 792-795 (March-April,1944) It is well known that carbon tetrachloride causes liver necrosis, but it can also cause a clinical picture dominated by renal damage, with mirH mal signs or symptoms of liver involvement. A non-fatel case of uremia is reported, which followed occupational exposure to carbon tetrachloride vapor. Laboratory tests showed no deficit in hepatic function; the only evidence of liver damage was tenderness over the right upper quadrant. Vomiting was the most striking sympton. Since it occurred too soon to be a manifestation of the uremia, the vomiting probably contributed to the uremia through pre-renal deviation of fluid. -- J.I.H.&T. 03118552 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 9 March, 1945 ZLH3 355 Study of 84 Cases of Delayed Mustard Gas Keratitis Fitted with Contact Lenses.^! I. Mann. Brit. J. Ophth.. 28. 441 (Sept. 1944) This article discusses the effect of mustard gas on the eyes in 84 cases, and t describes the effect value or inefficiency of contact lenses in these cases. 354 Chloroleukemia as a Refill t. of Benzol Poisoning. K. Rachner. Deutsch. Med. Wchnschr, TO," 15-16, 19-221 (Apr., 1944) (German) A fatal case of leukemia with the unusual feature of widespread "green tumor" in filtration occurred in a vulcanizer two years after exposure to benzol had ceased. The period between the onset of symptoms of general weakness and lassitude, and v-- the fatal termination was two years. Hie absence of long-standing blood changes was shown by the results of a blood examination made two years earlier when the white cell count was normal. Although this particular form of chloroleukemia has not previously been described as a result of exposure to benzol, the author be lieves that benzol poisoning was at least the precipitating exogenous factor in this case. -- From Bull. Hyg. >-- 355 Toxicity of Cresvllc Acid-Containing Solvent. A Case Report. M. E. Klinger and J. F Norton. U. S. Naval Med. Bull., 438-439 (Feb. 1945) This article reports the case of a man whose work involved immersing his hands unprotected in a cresylic acid solution for a large part of his 5 to 6 hour shift. He developed skin lesions on the hands and a facial neuritis of the peripheral type. Emollient ointments applied to the skin lesions, and anti-neurotic vitamin therapy and guided physiotherapy for the neurotic leBions showed satisfactory pro gress ahd predicted complete recovery. Persons having occasion to employ solvents of this nature should be required to avail themselves of protective equipment. If any signs of dermatitis appear the person should be removed to other work and close scrutiny maintained over the nervous system to detect signs of early involve ment should it occur. 358 Occupational Illnesses in the Cotton Industries. 1. Cotton Fever. W. L. Ritter and M. A. Nussbaum. Miss. Doctor, 22, 96-99 (Sept. 1944) This paper has been abstracted from a later publication. (See Abstract No, 59, . Jan., 1945) Control Methods 357 Control of Welding Fumes. U.S. Nsw Yard. Boston. F.J. Viles, Jr. Ind. Med., 14, 71-75 (Jan., 1945) This article discusses a series of experiments carried out to determine the amounts of fumes formed during arc welding under varying conditions. Charts and graphs show the amounts of fumes generated during the welding of rods of various sizes and during the use of varying line voltages for the same type of rods; they show also the efficiency of different types of ventilation, general and local. It is strongly advised that each welder have his own personal unit of protection against fumes - a unit which he takes with him wherever he goes. 358 Fluoroscopic Hazards Including Dse of Unprotected Radiographic Screens. C.F. Behrens. Navel Med. Bull., 44, 333-340 (Feb., 1945) Serious dangers incident to TXuoroscopy are pointed out and quantitative studies presented. The list of protective measures include: a moderate current, small 03118553 (O) .o.a Industrial Hygiene Digest - 10 March, 1945_^ U X-ray beam, intermittent exposures and total exposure limit as short as possitJa; dark adaptation before attempting work, lead-impregnated gloves and apron, ana^ keeping the bare hands out of direct X-ray beams; aluminum filtration; the useo of the unprotected screen only in emergency; occasional tests for excessive ra:^a- tion exposure, with a quarterly blood count; and good ventilation in the fluore- copic room. :e 359 Spreading Rubber Cement. Industrial Data Sheet D-HU-1. Nat. Safety News, 51, 31-32, 110-111 (Feb., 1945). Reprints obtainable from National Safety Suncil. Rubber cements, used extensively in cementing plies of impregnated fabrics, con tain 80 to 95% of flammable solvents. Fire and explosion are the most serious hazards, tut toxicity of the vapor and skin affections by content are also impor tant. If the vapor concentration is kept below 1,000 p.p.m,, the safe limit for inhalation, will also assure a non-flammable condition, but the exhaust system if not properly arranged, may produce a flammable mixture in areas not normally entered ty workers. Local exhausts and general ventilation suitable for various types of spreading are specified. Precautions against static and other electric al hazards are given. Humidification of 60 to 70 % when feasible is the best sta tic preventive. Personnel should be grounded, preferably by conductive shoes. The dangerous processes should be conducted in a separate building with fire and explosion protection. 360 Berricades Against Death. A, U, Miller. Nat. Safety News, 51, 18, 19, 70, 72 (Feb., 1945) The lives of men trapped in mines after explosions have often been saved by the erection of barricades before the noxious gases have reached them. For effective barricades, previous knowledge of the mine is necessary and coolness and fore thought are essential in locating and erecting barricades, as they must be esta blished quickly. Eight paragraphs give the most important things entrapped men should do, and reference is made to Miners' Circular No. 42 of the U.S. Bureau of Mines. Some authorities have advocated ready-made refuge chambers, with strong timbers and tight doors, and provided with compressed air and water. ^61 Where to Install Exhaust Systems for Soldering Operations. E. C. Barnes. Occ. Hazards, 7_, 25-24 (Nov., 1944) Fumes produced in soldering of electric condensers at Westinghouse are removed by exhaust hoods in front of the operator and near the soldering iron. The dis tance and height of the hoods are adjustable and all duct work is beneath the tables. 362 The Effect of Temperature, Humidity, and Glycol Vapor on the Viability of Air Borne Bacteria. K. B. DeOme and the Personnel of U.S.Navy Medical Research Unit No. 1, Berkeley, 4, California. Am. J, Hygiene, 40, 259-250 (Nov., 1944) . 1. Apparatus is described with which rapid estimations can be made of the death rate of air-borne organisms in the presence or absence of glycol vapors under rigidly controlled conditions. 2. In the absence of glycol vapor the death rate of S. pullorum dispersed from water into dust-free air streams increases as the temperature is increased from 28 C to 37 C and as the relative humidity increases from 15 per cent to 80 per cr (the range tested). 3. The germicidal power of a given concentration of triethylene glycol vapor de creases as the temperature is increased from 28 C to 37 C end as the relative humidity deviates from approximately 45 per cent. The effects of these factors appears to be cumulative. At relative humidities of 15 per cent and 80 per cent, the extremes tested, triethylene glycol vapor had no appreciable germicidal power. 4. The concentration of propylene glycol required to produce s given reduction of the control death rate is approximately 100 times that of triethylene glycol. 03118554 .. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 11 rw March*r I945r> 5. The observed decreases in the number of viable organisms are due to lethal effects and not to the mechanical removal of organisms. -- Authors' summary ss as 563 A Device for Automatically Controlling the Concentration of Glvcol Vapors in " the Air. T. T. Puck, H. Wise and 0. H. Robertson.. J. Exp. Med., 80, 37?-381e (Nov. 1, 1944) A device for automatically maintaining any desired concentration of triethylene or propylene glycol vapor in air is described. It can also be used to measure very rapidly the glycol content of room air. This instrument should greatly facilitate tests of the efficacy of glycol vapors in preventing air-borne infec tions. -- Authors' summary O- 364 A Study of the Nature and Control of Air-Borne Infection in Army Camps. O.H. Robertson, M. Hamburger, Jr., C. G, Loosli, T.T. Puck, H.M. Lemon, and H. Wise. J.A.M.A., 126, 995-999 (Dec. 16, 1944) Studies were made on the transmission and control of acute diseases of the re spiratory tract in the laboratory and in various army camps. It was found that such diseases may be spread by infectious material in bedding and floor dust. Environments containing hemolytic streptococcus patients and carriers showed that bed-making and dry sweeping result in a large number of streptococci in the air and probably constitute a more important source of aerial contamination than do "droplet nuclei" expelled directly from the infected person. Observations in dicated that there was a definite association between the numbers of a given type of hemolytic streptococci present in the air and the incidence of infection with that type. In army barracks where floors and bedding were treated with an oil emulsion, the soldiers showed a lowered incidence of acute respiratory in fections as compared with the controls, ^t was found that the number of hemolyti< streptococci in the air of wards housing patients with this type of infection could be largely reduced by employing triethylene glycol vapor in bactericidal concentrations. Maximum reduction in air--boine streptococci was observed when oiling of bedclothes and floors was employed in conjunction with the glycol vapor --Condensed from Authors' summary 365 Bacterial Content of Air in Army Barracks: Results of a Study with Especial Reference to the Dispersion of Bacteria by the Air Circulation System. H.M. Lemoi H. Wise and M. Hamburger, Jr. War Med., Q, 92-101 {Aug., 1944) The bacterial content of the air in barracks with a forced draft hot-air heating system was determined by means of a Moulton atomizer-sampler connected to a suc tion pump. The bacterial content of the air varied directly with the number of men in the barracks and rose logarithmically with increasing activity of the men. Recirculation of the air through the heating system provided a significant ex change of bacteria between the two floors, lowering the bacterial count 50 percen1 the filtration system was shown to be the most important factor in this reduction and the removal of only one filter almost abolished the effect of the filtration process. -- J.I.H.&T. 566 Control and Collection of Industrial Dust I. E.D. Powers. Rock Products, 45. 58-60 (Feb.,1942) Types of dust collectors may be classified as follows: (1) settling chambers; (2) low-efficiency cyclones; (5) high-efficiency cyclones; (4) cloth filters; (5) water sprays and wet collectors; (6) baffle-type collectors; (7) centrifugals and (8) electrostatic precipitators. Figures show the ineffectiveness of settiin; chambers for the removal of fine dusts and for attaining high efficiencies. Settling chambers are cheaply installed and operated and may be used as prelimin ary separators with more efficient equipment. --.Ceram. Absts. 03118555 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 12 March, 1945 m 367 Control and Collection of Industrial Dust II. E.D. Powers. Rock Products, 4^C 46-48 (Apr., 1942) ^ Low-efficiency cyclone collectors are adapted to many dusts, especially those&r high specific gravity and dusts finer than 100 mm., although most industrial * dusts are too fine to be handled satisfactorily. -- Ceram. Absts. onos 368 Control and Collection of Industrial Dust III. E.D. Powers. Rock Products, JR, 48-51 (Sept., 1942) Recent developments in high-efficiency cyclones and the selection of proper type are discussed. (For the final two papers in this series, see our abstracts Nos. 613 and 614, May, 1944.) -- Ceram. Absts. 369 Sandblast Cabinets. Asked & Answered, Hat. Safety News, 51, 44 {Feb. 1945) i? A questioner about precautions for protecting workers on sandblast cacinets is referred to the paper by Bloomfield and Greenburg in J. Ind. Hyg., 15, 184 (1933), and recent recommendations of the American Foundrymen1s Association and American Sandards Association. With good ventilation it is possible to keep the sand in the breathing zone under 1 million particles per cubic foot, which is well below 3 the established safe limit. Air velocity of 500 feet per minute through all open ings is recommended. If respirators are used, they must be of approved types. Accurate determinations of the quantity of dust escaping from cabinets can be made by dust counts. Skin Diseases and Bums 370 Occupational and Related Dermatoses! Abstracts From the Literature, .Tn^naTy 1ft4Q to June 1945. Inclusive. Louis Schwartz and N.R. Goldsmith. Public Health Bull. No. 284, U,S. Public Health Service, 179 pp. (1944) This bulletin is a continuation of the U.S. Public Health Bulletin Ho. 266 (our ~jji abstract #680, Aug., 1941) which contained abstracts from the literature on ocv cupational dermatoses from 1935 through 1939. The present bulletin covers the ' literature from 1939 through June 1943. It is well indexed and contains valuable material to anyone interested in occupational and industrial dermatoses and is as complete a coverage of the material in the foreign literature as well as our own, as is possible under the present circumstances. -- J.I.H.&T. 371 Overtreatment Dermatitis. L. E. Gaul. J.A.M.A., 127, 439-442 (Feb. 24, 1945) , Often skin lesions are subjected to imprudent topical therapy with the result ' that the patient acquires a second irritation from the remedies applied. In such cases the past treatment patch test is of value in that; it reveals the presence of an irritant or sensitizer in the remedies already used; it permits prescribing a preparation suitable to that particular lesion; and it helps to decide the oc cupational or nonoccupational etiology of the dermatitis. '372 Skin Hazards in the Manufacture and Processing of Synthetic Rubber. L. Schwartz. J.A.M.A.V 127, 389-391 (Feb. 17. 1945) There is comparatively little dermatitis occurring in the manufacture of synthetic rubber despite the many irritant chemicals used. This is explained by the fact that the factories making synthetic rubbers are modemly equipped with mechanical safety devices and most of the safety recommendations made in this paper are al ready carried out. We need to anticipate but little more dermatitis from the man ufacture and processing of synthetic rubbers than we have had from natural rub bers, provided future plants are erected with the same careful planning as the present ones and the safety recommendations in this paper are carried out. -- Author1s summary. 03118556 ^.i ---^ 1" Industrial Hygiene Digest - 13 March, 1945 ^ U"1 373 Treatment of Eczematous Contact Dermatitis with Intravenous Injections of Sn^5s Thiosulfate. A. Strickler. Arch. Dennat. & Syph., 5Q., 251-253 (Oct., 1944) -- Intravenous injections of aqueous solution of sodium thiosulfate have been emjoyed in treatment of the eczematous contact dermatitis with good immediate resuj^s and with some degree of at least partial desensitization, as evidenced by retasn of some patients to their previous work without suffering a relapse. The wayjjn which this treatment operates is obscure. The suggestion by Anderson, that study of the chemical antidotes for the various agents capable of causing a contact dermatitis is both timely and constructive. -- Author's summary. 374 Fungus Allergy and Industrial Dermatitis. S.M. Peck. J. Indiana State Med. - Assoc., 37, 304-306 (June, 1944) A discussion is presented of established clinical and experimental factors assoc iated with a group of organisms grouped under the general heading of cutaneous microbids. Trichophytid, often ^lortened in the literature to ''ids" is the general term applied to the microbids associated with fungus infections. Tricho- phytids of the hands are not common in industry, and when an eruption of the hands occurs in a worker contact dermatitis rather than a trichophytid should be thought of first. Practical criteria to be followed in the differential diagnosis of con tact dermatitis and "ids" are listed. 375 Occurrence of "Morphia Rash" in Manufacture of Morphine Salts from Opium. G.C. Green. Brit. J. Dennat. end Syph,, 56, 182 (July-Aug. 1944) The problem of "morphia rash" from the manufacturing of opium products is discuss ed. In the plant extreme precautions are taken to avoid loss of materials through leakage and spilling, therefore mechanical handling is avoided and the operatives are subjected to a high degree of exposure to the opium products by contact. At this plant no detailed case records were kept but it had always been the practice to place a man who has developed "rash" on workmen's compensation un til recovery, when he was transferred elsewhere in the works where there were no dermatitis hazards. It has been found by trial and error during more than a century that immunity is not acquired; some workers contract the disease soon afte the first contact, others only after 10 to 30 years of work. Bisks are best con trolled by insistence on personal cleanliness, clean workrooms and adequate ven tilation. Rubber gloves were introduced in 1957 and protective cream in 1940 but there is no evidence yet that these precautions have reduced the incidence of rash. The greatly increased incidence of industrial dermatitis since the war started has been placed on the absence of a "built-up" resistance in new employees ----J A. M. A * 376 Contact Dermatitis in a Morphine Factory. S. E. Dore and E.W.P. Thomas. Brit. J. Dennat. and Syph., 56. 177 (July-Aug., 1944) Nine cases of dermatitis which occurred in a morphine factory are discussed. Cases appeared in different departments of the plant but the eruption in practi cally all cases began as an irritable erythematous dermatitis of the eyelids and surrounding area and was sometimes accompanied by severe local edema; the regions next effected were the nape of the neck, then hands and arms. In most cases the eruption remained limited to the exposed parts of the body. Its clinical appear ance varied in different cases; in some secondary infection occurred. The specif ic sensitizer has not been determined but there is strong evidence that the ir ritant is air-borne as a fine spray or dust; in support of this would .be the upper respiratory catarrh typical of most of these cases. -- J.A.M.A. 377 Factors Influencing Dermatitis in Coal Miners. R. B. Knowles. Brit. Med. J., 2, 430-432, (Sept. 30, 1944) Dermatitis in coal miners is due to many causes, some of which come from the con ditions of work and others from the constitutional make up of the men. The 03118557 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 14 March, l/'i prophylaxis of this dermatitis depends on avoiding the causes and includes thwse points: adequate ventilation of the pit, with the quantity of dust reduced a minimum; selection of suitable personnel for work in the pit; and education d the miner in personal cleanliness and the use of proper cleansing agents and arotective substances, with special attention to the prevention of fungus infec of the feet. -- From Author's summary. * 378 Industrial Medical and Hygiene Problems. E.W. Probst. Ind. Med., 15, 773-775, {Oct,, 1944) Most cases of skin irritation are due to carelessness and lack of personal hygier.' and not to allergy. Useful control measures include: minimize the manual con tact with chemicals; establish a local exhaust system; instruct workers in per- "" sonal hygiene and advise the use of cleansing tissue instead of handkerchiefs; issue nrotective clothing to workers; use a special indicator soap; and use a ncn-ski' wax on the floors. The author advises through plant surveys, inspection: medicftl-supervision, and industrial hygiene and safety programs. 379 The Industrial Dermatitis Problem. A Practical Approach. A. F. Hall. Ind. Med. 14, 88-91, (Feb., 1945) A practical approach to the problem of industrial dermatitis is outlined. It discusses ii.o nature and types of contact dermatitis, and the value and limita tions of the patch test. Expert, exact diagnosis is imperative, since it is highly important to know whether or not each case of dermatitiB is of industrial origin, and if it is, toward identifying the exact causative factor. In coopera tion with the safety engineer steps should be taken to protect the affected work er and to prevent development of similar trouble in the future by eliminating, so far as possible, exposure to unnecessary hazards. Care should be taken not to employ persons with a history of previous sensitization dermatitis. 380 Liver Necrosis in Bums Treated with Tannic Acid. A. V. Jackson. Med. J. Aus tralia, 2, 352-354, (Sept. 30, 1944) 1. The literature concerning hepatic necrosis in burns treated with tannic acid is reviewed. 2. The livers of eight patients dying from burns were examined. In two, from patients treated with tannic acid and silver nitrate, extensive hepatic necrosis was found. In those from patients whose burns were not treated by tanning, cloudy swelling was the only abnormality. -- Author1s summary. 381 "Cellophane1' for the Treatment of Bums. J. Farr. Brit. Med. J., 1, 749-750, (June 3, 1944) ." As a modification of the 'cleansing, rest, compression' regime of burn treatment, Farr devised the following technique. Sheets of cellophane spread with sulfona mide ointment were applied to the burns after cleansing of the burned area; these are covered with oiled silk, and wool bandaged on to make a firm compression dressing. If pus accumulated the overlying cellophane was cut away and saline compresses used until the cellophane could be reapplied. The paper gives suggest ions for the preparation of the medicated sheets of cellophane. -- J.I.H.&T. Putting the Disabled Veteran Back to TTork 382 Veteran Re-employment Program. R. R. Lawson. Summerill Tubing Co., Bridgeport, Pa. (1944) 20 pp. This manual outlines the plans and methods for bringing ex-servicemen back to Summerill as satisfied civilian workers. It includes a seven point program: 03118558 6^ ,2-5 Si Industrial Hygiene Digest - 15 March, 194^, Ln (1) reception; (2) interview and re-integrstion; (5) medical examination; (4)-< placement; (5) organization training; (6) transfers; end (7) follow-up. * ^ 383 Reemployment of Veterans. Developing a Company Program. Petroleum Industry Council, Subcommittee on Manpower. G.H. Dempster, Chairman. 35 pp. (Nov. 1,2* 1944) = This pamphlet is for the guidance of every employer in developing his policy in the reemployment of veterans, and the material very largely applies to any in dustry. After a brief statement of the requirements of the Selective Service Act, pages of questions are put to the employer, regarding time limit for re employment, place of employment, physical examinations, skills acquired in the service, wages, handicapped veterans, seniority, job priorities, and other sut>- jects. An employer will be well prepared indeed who has his answer ready for all the questions, and one who has not given the subject much consideration will be bewildered by the number of pointed questions. Local Board Memorandum No. 190-A, embodying reemployment policies under the Selective Service Act, is given in full, the reemployment provisions as amended. 384 Consolidated Vultee's Experience. A Brief Appraisal of the Consolidated Vultee Program for Job Placement. Physical Exsmtnatlnns. Protective Measures and Routine Procedures. A.C, Dick and C.O. Seppington. Ind. Med., 14, 81-87 (Feb., 1945) An evaluation is made of all jobs in all departments from the standpoint of the physical and psychological factors. The foreman, with the assistance of a trained analyst, makes these evaluations in his own department. A complete code of all jobs is entered in the interviewer's code book. An honest and complete evaluation of each applicant's physical and emotional condition is made by the plant physician and recorded in the code book. These two records show where the worker should perform at, maximum efficiency and minimum risk. Any employee will work more effectively if he is placed on a job which is the most arduous he can safely perform. Proper placement is best administered by the foreman on the be lief that he is a better foreman if he administers his own program. This com pany believes that its foremen-supervision program has contributed largely to the exceptionally good health record of the past two years, with no toxicilogical . cases, and a reduced incidence of industrial dermatoses, accidents end minor injuries. Since industry rill be held responsible for the successful re-employ ment of approximately 25 percent of all returning veterans, it would be de sirable to standardize industry's methods and approach to this problem, with a job-placement program which is simple, understandable and flexible. 1 385 Putting the Veteran Back to Work. W.A. Smith. J. Indiana State Med. Assoc., 5?\ 282-289 (June, 1944) The General Motors Corporation at Delco-Remy, established a committee to formu late policy and ley down procedures for returned veterans. The committee com posed of the Director of Personnel, the Medical Director, the Safety Director, the Employment Manager and a member of the Labor Relations Staff, evolved three basic operating principles. First, help the veteran to make the difficult, transition to civilian life, using every possible means of assistance, but 'with out developing in the individual the feeling that he is entitled to any special considerations. Their placement should be on a sound basis and no attempt to "meJce work" should be considered -- the second principle. The third principle concerns the manner of employment. The veteran is not set apart as a different individual, but reassumes his place in the plant on a normal basis. After the veteran has returned to work a follow-up routine is established to see that he is satisfactorily placed or to advise transfers if he is not suited to the job. The difficulty of obtaining medical histories from the Government Is a subject of comment. The plan for training veterans for higher-skilled and better-paid 03118559 '-jjt. g Industrial Hygiene Digest - 16 March, 194?L"T-' jobs Is explained. Problems encountered are "misfits'1, who have never been ^ normal individuals, end interference of pressure groups. The Company feels t4P>t the job of putting the veteran back to work is one of great magnitude, but that it can be done. " rx 386 Jobs for G.I. Joe in America's Hotels. Anonymous. Public Relations Committed of the American Hotel Association. 6 pages. (Dec., 1944) The American Hotel Association presents a practical re-employment program. It informs the hotel men how to place the veteran in the job suited to his abili ties, end outlines the essential steps in his treining; it describes the typical jobs in hotels of all sizes; it shows how to work with government agencies in ` the employment of disabled veterans; it provides a guide to the Selective Ser vice Act, shows the functions of the various agencies interested in the veteran, and lists the Veterans Administration Stations throughout the country. 387 When the Veteran Comes Back. How the Industrial Nurse Can Aid His Rehabilitation. L.G. Giberson. Nat. Safety News. 51. 21 {Feb., 1945) The industrial nurse can be of value to the returning service man by acquainting herself with the conditions of his re-employment and assist him within these limits to meet a situation will/^e^Sfiaplicr.ted for him. By being interested in and paying attention to his physical and mental burdens, she can help in his new adjustment. She should know his medical history in the army as many veterans will be physically or mentally disabled who will need thoughtful guid ance. Whether well or disabled, each one needs her understanding but not her sympathy or pity. 388 Impaired Hearing in Veteran. Queries and Minor Notes, J.A.M.A., 127. 494 (Feb. 24, 1945) A patient lost 50 percent of his hearing, following prolonged exposure to gun fire. Various methods of therapy had been tried without success. Suggestions are requested as to therapy and especially psychotherapy in the way of reeding matter to assist the patient and his associates in understanding his condition. The answer lists books and articles which may prove helpful; also, it suggests that the proper hearing aid and lip reading instruction are important. The American Red Cross and local societies for the hard of hearing are prepared to give such patients valuable advice. 389 Occupational Adjustment of the Disabled. H.D. Hicker. Calif. & West. Med., 61. 139-141 "('Sept., 1944) The Burdau of Vocational Rehabilitation of the California State Department of Education provides an adjustment service for the purpose of making handicapped persons employable. In addition to the placing of handicapped workers where they will be of least hazard to themselves and to others, snd of best advantage to the employer, vocational training, prosthesis, corrective surgery and neces sary hospitalization are now available. After a thorough survey of the indivi dual, including medical diagnosis, an employment goal is selected , and an indi vidualized program of services to achieve this goal is prepared. It is suggested that closer coordination between industrial medicine and vocational rehabilita tion would be mutually advantageous. -- J.I.H.&T. . 590 Rehabilitation of Convalescent Industrial Casualties with Physical Medicine. H.D. Storms. Arch. Phys. Therapy, ,25, 469 (Aug., 1944) The methods of physical therapy used at the clinic of the Workmen's Compensation Board in Toronto are described. It is emphasized that therapy should not be stereotyped but should be closely adapted to the occupations for which the patient is fitted. Attention should be paid to muscle strength as well as to freedom of motion in stiff joints. 03118560 /" ul rcsn 05 00 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 17 Industrial Medical Practice Mr 19<& C I 391 Second Annual Report of the Permanente Foundation Hospital. S.R. Garfield. Permanente Foundation Med. Bull., _3, 31-45 (Jan., 1945) The completion of the second year of the medlca.1 care program in the Oakland- Richmond ares reports progress in the following items: voluntary membership; the lowest loss ratio in the state from industrial accidents; doubled bed capacity; improved outpatient and inpatient facilities; increased salaries of medical personnel; a larger educational program including new public health work, more clinical seminars ?-nd a Senior Cadet program; increased interest and support by the medical profession in general. Plans for 1945 include still more new hospital facilities, more teaching and training programs, and research. The article states that this will mark the first time that under a cooperative plan developed and operated by the physicians, the average working man will not only have adequate medical care at a cost he can afford, but also through his own support will have a share in the medical program. ' 392 Obligations of the University in Training Industrial Physicians. If.D. Gatch. J. Indiana State Med. Assoc., 37, 292 (June, 1944) Industrial medicine is already emerging as a specialty. A competent industrial physician needs the training which we require for every good doctor. He also .:eeds special training in public health and in the special problems which he must meet in dealing with the industrial worker and his family. This special training he should get in a school of public health and as a resident physician with the medical departments of industrial plants. -- Author's conclusions. 393 Standard Reports of Industrial Hygiene Activities. V.M. Trasko. Ind. Med., 13, 722, 724, 726 (Sept., 1944) Standardization of activity reports in industrial hygiene is desirable. Since such reports are required an effort should be directed toward making them as uniform as possible. Thus their usefulness will be improved and they will lend themselves to analyses on a national basis. -- J.I.H.&T. 394 Survey of Workers' Eating Facilities. L.H. Mantell. Domestic Commerce, 32. 10, 24-25 (Nov., 1944) This article discusses the results of questionnaires devised by the Distribution Division of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. Tables are recorded showing sources of meals, satisfaction with eating arrangements, reasons for dis satisfaction with eating facilities, suggestions for improvement end the need for additional restaurants. In general the survey indicates a moderate need for additional eating facilities and a desire for improvement in the quality of food and service. Naturally such a survey Itself cannot determine any action to be taken but the approach made through asking the consumers themselves is one which supplies information that can be secured in no other way. This consumer survey method is being used more and more in solving market research problems and could be applied by plant managers to learn the eating problems of their workers, and by restaurant operators to study the nature of their markets. 595 Salt Tablets in Hot Weather Overrated. C.G. King. Food Field Reporter, 13, 28, 34 (Feb. a, 1945) In a broadcast to China and the South Pacific under the auspices of the Office of War Information dealing with the recent progress in nutritional science in the United States, Dr. King said that increased consumption of salt in hot weather is of much less significance than was formerly believed. The earlier 03118561 - JJL irury Industrial Hygiene Digest - 18 O' March, 1945 reports of supposed benefits from extra salt were largely misinterpreted, be^ cause the gains that were observed were caused chiefly by the increased watefo intake which the salt had caused. The practice of giving salt tablets may en cause nausea and vomiting. About 10 grams of salt per day, as supplied in " ordinarily seasoned foods, is adequate to meet one's needs for a long period*: Several other fields of recent food research were also discussed, including the discovery that the protein intake must be kept relatively low for people in high altitudes, as in aviation or on mountain heights. 596 Muscle Spasm Apparently Due to Lack of Sodium Chloride. A.H. Gregson. Brit. Med. J., 2, 819 (Dec. 25, 1944) - This is a case report of convulsions in a patient who said that he sweated pro fusely and disliked salt. The convulsions ceased after administration of 2 large doses of salt (2 teaspoons each in 1/3 pint of water), without nausea, end the patient volunteered that "it tasted good." The author considers the evidence not conclusive, but pointing strongly toward insufficient salt as the cause of the convulsions. 397 Should Less Protein Be Eaten During Hot Weather? Anonymous. Nutritional Obser vatory, 6,, 7-8 (Jen. , 1945) ' The long-believed statement that the specifio dynamic action of protein is greater than that of carbohydrates and fats, and that, therefore, we should eat less protein in hot weather, has been disproved by Forbes and Swift (J. Nutri tion, 27, 455-468 (1944)). By experiments made upon rats it was found that the specific dynamic effect of individual foods are without significance as constants and therefore there is no scientific means of apportioning energy effects or values among dietary constituents. 398 Industrial Hygiene in Labor-Management ^Relations. J.J. Bloomfield. Ind. Med. 14, 67-68 (Jan., 1945) Industrial workers are showing increasing concern in the developments which im prove their health and welfare, and unions are recognizing that they mist be active in advancing such improvements. Health and safety clauses in union con tracts are not new but most of them do not cover enough items to insure adequate health and safety programs. More attention should be paid to the rorker whose physical condition compels him to change over to a less arduous and less remu nerative job; the second-injury fund is a beginning in this direction. Federal and state provisions for health maintenance are inadequate and not uniform; they need revision so that benefits will be applicable to all workers, including the millions still unorganized. 399 The Prevention of Bacterial Respiratory Diseases at Navel Training Centers with Sulfadiazine. Anonymous. Bull, of Lederle Laboratories, 12, 37-45 (Fall, 1944) One cannot estimate accurately the saving in dollars, man-days, or life that obtains from chemoprophylaxis. The observations made at these naval training stations indicate that chemoprophylaxis is 85 percent effective in preventing bacterial infections of the respiratory tract under conditions favorable to the dissemination of respiratory pathogens and most unfavorable to newly inducted recruits. In these groups of naval personnel, a saving of a day per man per month can be expected when bacterial respiratory pathogens are active. If the station's recruit complement is 30,000 and all bands receive sulfadiazine pro phylaxis, one can anticipate a saving of 30,000 hospital days each month during seasons' conducive to respiratory diseases. This is equivalent to freeing a 1,000 bed hospital and all labor and personnel associated with the care of the sick. -- Author's summary. 03118562 r.,, ., r| Industrial Hygiene Digest - 13 March, 194S' 400 March Fracture in Industry. J.H. Eddy, Jr. New Orleans Med, nd Surg. 171-175 (Oct., 1944; c= This paper has been abstracted from a later publication. (See our Abst. No.^S, Jan., 1945) " 401 Medical Care of the Industrial Worker. K.B, Hobson. Can. Med. Assoc. J., 52. 145-147 (Feb., 1945) The physician in industry must work with the personnel department, the superin tendent and the foreman, and also must be a true and sympathetic friend of toe workman. He is health officer to the plant, protecting the worker's environment and he should advise on problems of lighting, ventilation, sanitation, et cetera; he should investigate and urge the use of well equipped plant cafeterias he should insist upon medical examinations of employees as often as necessary, which should be made in an attractive office, lacking a plant atmosphere. There should be a staff of graduate nurses large enough to give necessary care. The medical department should have frequent, regular conferences, with the plant management and personnel department. 402 Medical Service in Industry. D. O'Hara. New England J. Med., 250. 685-637 (June 8, 1944) The author pays especial attention to industrial medical conditions in Massa chusetts, but the problems there are the same as in other states. Medical ser vice is well organized in many of the large plants, but is not well deyeloped in the small plants. It has been and can be developed by district-nursing groups in an efficient and economic manner. Private practitioners may well take the lead in this matter. Medical service in industry should be looked on, not as a new specialty in the conventional sense, but as a new application of the general practice of medicine. 403 Medical Supervision in Industry in Peace and ffar. S.A. Henry. Pub. Health, 57, 121-126 (Aug., 1944) The way in which medical supervision has been established over industrial wor kers in Great Britain is discussed. It tells the story of factory legislation . from 1802 onward. The first medical inspector of factories was appointed in 1898. Instances are quoted of big concerns and of individual firms appointing their own medical services. The provision of medical supervision, nursing and first aid services and supervision of the welfare of workers in factories oc curred in 1940. Recommendations for future policies are set forth. -- From Bull. Hyg. 404 The Physician's Role in Protecting the Worker's Health Through Control of the Industrial Environment. F.M.H. Bulmer and G.R. McCall. Can. Med. Assoc. J., 52, 136-145 (Feb., 1945) The physician in industry soon learns that more is required of him than simply the treatment of accidents; he must be prepared to answer and act on all ques tions relating to the workers' health and comfort. He should be concerned with all problems relating to sanitation, ventilation, heating, lighting, resting facilities and control of noise; he must understand the presence in the plant of toxic materials, including irritating dusts and poisonous or irritating gases and vapors; he should encourage workers to report minor troubles and have faci lities for caring for minor accidents; he should keep accurate medical records. He must realize that he is part of an organization and that the cooperation and assistance of the management, the offices and the workers are required if satisfactory results are to be obtained. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 20 March, 194 S'-* 405 Industrial Hygiene in 1944. I.R. Tabershaw and M. Bowditch. New England J Med., 251. 706-710 (Kov. 25, 1944) CD This article reviews the development of industrial hygiene and industrial nJ>?i- cine during 1944 and gives a tabulation of the medical progress in these br4g- ches. The recent general developments are classified as: rehabilitation; :* aluminum therapy for silicosis; pneumoconiosis; welding; dermatitis; lead arS radium; and miscellaneous conditions. A brief comment is given on preliminary studies of a syndrome affecting workers in an electric light plant which gave pulmonary changes suggestive of "sarcoid" in its general appearance, and which was confirmed by autopsy. -- J.I.H.&T. 406 Industrial Medicine in Action. E.S. Jones. J. Indiana State Med. Assoc., 57. 597-599 (Aug., 1944) Industrial medicine has advanced considerably during the past ten years both in methods and in the respect of its importance in the industrial plant. In order to promote good rapport between industry, labor, and medical profession in one county in Indiana, a code of ethics for industrial medicine was adopted, and a >-- yearly industrial clinic was established. The success of these has been marked. The responsibilities of the industrial physician in talcing proper safety pre ventions are many, and cooperation between management, personnel department, and plant doctor is important. A working program for postgraduate study in industrial medicine has been prepared. A law has been passed, making it possi ble to employ the physically handicapped. State industrial committees can give significant aid in preventing epidemics by publishing information on diseases that might become epidemical. -- J.I.H.&T. 407 Preventive Medicine in Industry. J.H. Foulger. J. Indiana State Med. Assoc., 57, 297-304 (June, 1944) The major function of the industrial physician is prevention, not diagnosis and treatment. To be successful in prevention he must acquire an outlook dlfr ferent from the conventional medical outlook of the diagnostician. He must acquire a fundamental knowledge of physiology and learn procedures to detect physiological changes. (Two methods, measurement pnd scoring of blood pres sure and measurement of the distribution of energy in heart sounds are dis cussed and results of their application and deductions from these results are shown.) Having detected them he must act upon the warning given, even though no clinical signs of ill heqlth are present. If he does this, the sickness and injury records of his plant will diminish. -- Author's summary. 408 "A Spot on the Lung." Light Use of Term a Dangerous and Unnecessary Escape from Reality. M. Pinner. Ind. Med., 14, 171 (Feb., 1945) From N.T.A. Bull. (Jan., 1945) "A spot on the lung" is an indefinite term which may mean anything from a scar of a healed tubercular infection to the obscure beginning of a destructive disease. Laymen are learning to realize the confusing ambiguity of the term and to refuse its acceptance just as a consumer protests against ambiguous labels on packaged goods. It is time for the medicel and nursing professions to militate against the use of such a confusing and misleading term. 409 New Union Health Plan - Joint Board of Dressmakers. L. Price. Ind. Med., 14, 87-88 (Feb., 1945) The Joint Board of Dressnakers of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union has instituted a new health program for the year 1945. It includes an eyesight conservation plan which will begin by examining the vision of all workers by a rapid screening method, using the telebinocular to select those workers who suffer defective vision or eyestrain. Workers with defects will receive a thorough examination by a competent eye specialist who will prescribe 03118564 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 21 March, 194^ glasses, medical treatment or musfcle exercises. Well-fitting frames with th^ best quality lenses suited to the working needs of the dressmakers will be P- vided without direct cost to the workers. The expense of the program is borne by the employers in the garment industry. " 410 * HealthyIndustry. The Industrial Medic?! Service of the Automatic Telephone a:sn*cd Electric Co.. Ltd.. London - Liverpool. J. Trask. Ind. Med., 14, 155-158 (Feb., 1945) This publication presents in detail the essential points in maintaining an activ industrial health service. It stresses the need of consistently collecting and systematically recording all data concerned with absences, and pictures, charts and record cards to be used. It urges complete cooperation of the medical, personnel and welfare departments in keeping exact and comprehensive records, as well as in holding regular conferences concerning the workers' welfare. 411 The Value of Cardiograms as an Aid to Early Diagnosis in Suspected Cardiovascu >--" lar Emergencies. C.F. leager. Ind. Med., 15, 607-608 (Aug., 1944) Cardiograph!c evidence of coronary occlusions and angina was obtained during the attack of 18 of the cases studied. From the results we are convinced that many lives can be saved or prolonged by taking electrocardiographic tracings imme diately on individuals presenting atypical or questionable symptoms of acute coronary disease. We believe that organizations having cardiographic equipment will find it very useful as on aid to earlier and possible iamediate diagnosis in certain suspected cardiac emergencies. -- Author's summary. 412 Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) and Wound Healing. Anonymous. Nutritional Observa tory, 6, 15-15 (Jen., 1945) Among the factors important in the healing of wounds, Vitamin C has proved to be beneficial. Experiments made on guinea pigs showed that the tensile strength on holding power of healing wounds was low in a deficiency of ascorbic acid. Twenty-eight human beings who died shortly after operation were examined histo -jjt logically for evidence of wound healing. Results of ascorbic acid in the tis sues end of ascorbic acid administered to patients were recorded. Patients with lowest ascorbic acid showed the greatest defSdencyin the formation of new inter cellular substance, collagen. Pus formation or general infection was not caused by lack of ascorbic acid but absorption of cat-gut sutures was delayed by lack of the vitamin. By means of self experimentation it was shown that a diet de ficient in ascorbic acid for three months produced no interference with normal healing; at six months, a similar wound failed to heal properly. 413 Physical Therapy in Wartime. K.G. Hansson. New Eng. J. Med., 251. 619-620 (Nov. 2, 1944) During the present war, the Surgeon General has ordered that general and other large hospitals in U.S. be provided with standard physical therapy equipment, under the supervision of specially trained medical officers. Emphasis in theraj is placed on whirlpool baths, occupational therapy, exercises and massage. The article discusses: the harmful and abnormal effects of absolute bed rest; new S~\ methods of physical therapy; the importance of adequately trained personnel; proper exercises for the patients; and the need for physical therapy in civi lian, as well as army life. 414 The Interest of the War Production Board in Industrial Hygiene. J.M. Fewkes. Ind. Med., 13, 714, 716, 718 and 722 (Sept., 1944) An industrial Health and Safety Section of the Plant and Community Facilities Service has been set up under the Office of Labor Production, War Production Board, working with other authorized national safety and health agencies for the purpose of reducing the manpower loss caused by deaths, injuries, and 03118565 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 22 March, 194^ illness. It brings to the attention of these agencies problems of industrial health and safety which interfere with war production; it is endeavoring tog encourage more widespread acceptance by labor of its co-responsibility aione^ f) with management to these fields; and it assists in the establishment of claves on health and safety for labor representatives and helps distribute pertinent literature. -- J.I.H.&T. rbscntoe-is'.::, Hours of L'b'r, Etc. >--* 415 What Management Can Really Do To Reduce Absenteeism. Report No. 144. Geo. S. May Business Foundation, ill South Dearborn St., Chicago. 27 pp. This is a comprehensive study of absenteeism, presenting the question from the viewpoint* of both management and labor. Hays of figuring absenteeism are dis cussed showing why percentages of absenteeism reported from different plants vary so widely. Several methods of preventing absences, whifih have proved helpful, are outlined and still other methods are suggested. Stress is laid on building up employee morale by making all conditions surrounding the workers as attractive as possible; recreation rooms, music during working hours, paid vacations, bonuses, group insurance, and hospital plans have all proved valu able. Well trained and sympathetic foremen have kept workers on the job. 416 Recent Data on Health Hazards in War Industries. W.J. McConnell. Illinois Med. J., 36, 170-172 (Sept., 1944) Sickness has become (the most frequent single cause of industrial absenteeism and is now alarmingly high. Occupational diseases form only a small percentage of the total number of illnesses, and their early recognition and the improved methods of control have greatly diminished their seriousness. -Industrial der matoses are much more numerous but less serious than occupational intoxications from toxic dusts, fumes or vapors. Whenever the management has actively sup ported a comprehensive health program, the occupational dermatoses Rnd intoxi cations among workers are few and lost time from these and other illnesses is minimized. -- J.I.H.&T. 417 Absenteeism Versus Ordnance Production - The Physician* s Role. R.H. Flinn. lad. Med., 14, 12-15 (Jan., 1945) In accordance with government orders, Ordnance facilities are now expanding their production capacity of many types of ammunition. Excessive time lost by absenteeism is one hindrance to production that should be remedied. In Ord nance plants the average worker Is absent from work at a rate considerably higher than that for American industry in peace time. The plant physician must Impress upon the workers the importance of staying on the job and should con sult with the so-called sickness-prone group as to -their medical and psycholo gical needs, 'and attempt corrective action. 03118566 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 23 Abnormal Air Pressures March, 19v4C6 tssis as 418 Altitude Chamber for Study of tinning and Air Conditioning Problems. W. E. Crowell, -^eat, Pip. & Air Cond., 16,, 597-602, {Oct., 1944) The prohleme involved in high altitude flight have required the use of altitude chambers for their solution. This article is devoted to a description of such a chamber at Curtiss-Wright Research Laboratory in Buffalo, N. Y. A brief dis cussion of the effect of altitude on man is followed by a description of seme of the effects of altitude on equipment. Many of the problems presented have not been completely solved. One of these problems is airplane heating. Some of the equipment now in use is illustrated. The article concludes with a brief dis cussion of pressurized cabins. -- J.I.H.&T. 419 A fcmoaratlve Study of Eight Tests in the Decompression Chamber. R. B. Malmo and J. L. Finan. Am. J. Psychol., JS7, 389-405, (July, 1944) Eight tests were given to 36 men exposed to altitudes of 2,000, 12,000, 15,000, and 18,000 feet, with the following performances: manual steadiness; finger tapping; memory; feeling-states; and speeded "mental work*. Eleven indices of behavior as measured in the eight tests proved to be reliable indicators-, of anoxia at 18,000 feet. There was a close correspondence between performancedecrement, as measured by objective tests, and estimates of mood and liveliness. -- From Authors' summary. 420 Problems of Fatigue as Illustrated bv Experiences In the Decompression Chamber. J. Romano, G.L. Engel, E.B. Ferris, Jr., H.W. Ryder, J.P. Webb and M.A. Blankenhom. War Med., 6,, 102-105, (Aug., 1944) Civilian subjects exposed to altitudes of 35,000 feet in a decompression chamber showed 3 types of fatigue reactions: (1) muscular fatigue due to unusual use of muscle groups disappeared with training; (2) fatigue due to boredom was seen when subjects had to remain inactive for long periods; (3) fatigue characterized by a feeling of tenseness and anxiety, by sleep disturbances and anxiety dreams, disappeared in most ca^es with greater familiarity with the test. 421 A Comparison of Altitude and Exercise with Respect to Decompression Sickness. . S.F. Cook, Q.L. Williams, W.R. Lyons and J.H, Lawrence. War Med*, _6, 182-167, (Sept., 1944) Four groups of healthy young men were given 2 chamber tests each, performing standard exercises at stated intervals at altitudes of 30,000 and 38,000 feet. The criteria used to compare the bends--inducing effect of the four sets of conditions were: percent incidence of symptoms; percent incapacitation; ma-rlms intensity of symptoms; and velocity of development of symptoms, rhe conclusion was drawn that an increase in altitude from 30,000 to 38,000 feel; increases the incidence and severity of decompression sickness considerably more than doubling the muscular work done by means of exercise. -- From Authors' summary. 03118567 a 0: fl I 'Va Industrial Hygiene Digest - 24 Industrial Nursing LPi March, 1 s ais . 422 Nursing Ethics in Industry. C.R. Dempsey. Ind. Nursing, 4, 50-35, (Jan.,11 9C4M5G)\ This article presents the viewpoints of industrial nurses in various parts of the United States and England as to the meaning of nursing ethics in industry. Although many opinions are controversial, in general it is agreed that the basic ethics of the nursing profession as outlined in the Florence Nightingale Pledge - are just as applicable to nurses in industry as those in any other branch of the profession. Now that the industrial nurse is established as a definite, perma nent need, a new code of ethics which applies especially to these nurses should be outlined. 425 Occupational Disease--The Nurse's Role. I.R. Tabershaw. Ind. Nursing, 4, 15-13, (JanT, 1945") This article stresses points which will make the Industrial nurse more efficient. She should have an overall impression of occupational diseases--their scope, potentialities, major signs and symptoms and methods of control, and she should be aware of the potential hazards existing in her plant. She should learn where to get specific aid in problems concerning her patients, from the plant doctor, from the industrial hygiene engineer, and from federal and state hygiene agencies She should consult with those qualified to help the workers under her care. In cluded in this paper are the causes, symptoms and treatments of several types of occupational dermatitis; the hazards of silicosis; the toxic effects of certain heavy metals and solvents; and the possible bacterial infections from handling animal products. 424 The Industrial Nurse's Responsibility to Other FieldB of Nursing. M. Moore. Ind. Med.. 14. 165-167 (Feb.f 1945) The industrial nurse has a unique field in which to work, serving a complete cross section of American people. Her work is so varied that she must possess both excellent professional technique and the best personality traits. She must understand her company* s policies and cooperate with all other departments. She must help each worker to understand precautions necessary in his own parti cular job. Suggestions are made that more attention should be given to special education for the industrial nurse in training schools and in universities, and that standards of wages for nurses in industrial work be established. 425 The Gaining of the Industrial Nurse. A.J. Amor and C. Sykes. Ind. Nursing, 4, , 55-63 (Jan., 1945) " The qualifications and training of the industrial nurse in England are discussed in detail. She should have a dignified personality, adaptability and an interest in people; she should show sound clinical judgment, good technical skill, a knowledge of the special hazards in her factory and environmental hygiene, and ' an amity to get on with both workers and management. Great attention should be paid to acclimatizing the nurse to her industrial environment; the transition from the comparatively simple organization of a hospital where the nurse is the center of the picture to the plant where she is one link in an elaborate system, needs time and study. The major part of her education must take place in the factory itself and those who teach should have full experience of the practical side of Industry. The article includes an outline syllabus for the basic train ing of industrial nurses and the present training courses for industrial nurses of the Royal College of Nursing. ' 03118568 r. LSI Industrial Hygiene Digest - 25 March, 194$ 426 Industrial Nursing. Job Cle.ssifications. Definition of Titles, Job Dgscrint^jTns. Ouallfications. Anonymous. Ind. Med.. 14. 167-171. (Feb.. 1945) cs The California Nurses' Association has prepared an outline covering the classifi cation of nurses in industry. Definitions of positions, job descriptions an*= qualifications for the jobs are listed under the following titles: the gradate registered nurse (1) in charge of medical department; (2) as nurse supervisor; (3) as director of nursing service; (4) as charge or head nurse; and (5) in staff position. Accident Prevention 427 Notes on an Accident at a Small Sewage-Treatment Plant Resulting in the Deaths of Three Workers. A.D. Brendt. Sewage Works J., 1096-1100, (1943) In cleaning out a suction ball-valve of the sludge pump, digested sludge flowed onto the floor to a depth of about 16 inches. The gases liberated from the di gesting sludge suffocated the operator and two others before the bodies were re covered. Oxygen deficiency was the cause. Gas masks of the usual type were of no avail. Oxygen masks should be provided. -- C.A. 428 An Industrial Physician Looks at the Solvents. J.H. Biram and H.P, Quadland. Ind. Med., 14, 15-18 (Jan., 1945) Toxic hazards of organic solvents used by industry have been studied and re ported tut too little has been done concerning the flammability of organic sol vents. Injuries to workers and property loss due to industrial fires and explo sions have been great. Causes of many such fires and their losses are tabulated. There should be further development of practices and controls that will prevent these fires. 429 Suggested Standing Orders and Procedures for Industrial First Aiders. D.A, McCoy and S.S. Zulon. Ind. Med., 13, 689-692 (Sept., 1944) General and specific procedures for qualified first-aiders are listed (differen tial diagnoses of accidents are omitted.) General measures are that the atten dant have a full knowledge of bandaging and Rseptic technique, that a simple system of records be provided, and that facilities for emergency transportation be arranged for. Specific instructions are given for the immediate care of hemorrhage, asphyxia, shock, electric shock, the various common causes of poisoning, the various types of lacerations, bums, and fractures and such con ditions as heat stroke, heat exhaustion, abdominal pain, heart attack, and epileptic seizures. -- J.I.H.&T. 430 Restoration of Breathing in Emergencies and Maintenance of Respiration in Non breathing Patients. C.K. Drinker, Okla. State Med. Assoc. J., 37, 285 (July, 1944) . The author states that if artificial respiration is applied at the time at which breathing stops, the chances for recovery are 100 percent, the chances de creasing up to the 12th minute when recovery is still possible but chances slight. Various methods of artificial respiration are described and their value in specific instances are discussed. 431 Artificial Respiration: The Need for a Greatly Increased Rate in Asphyxia. P.R. Tingley. Brit. Med. J., 2f 366-367 (Sept. 16, 1944) Artificial respiration at the usual rate of 15 times a minute is adequate for situations in which breathing has stopped a short time before but the same rate 03118569 ,'d'0 7^ iUO--;b irf f<\ 'Oja Industrial Hygiene Digest - 26 March, 1945^ >G is inadequate where asphyxia has already developed. In accidental asphyxia, ^ circulatory failure may have reached an irreversible stage but, as any hope lessly inadequate circulation cannot be recognized on examination, the only safe rule to adopt in all cases is to employ as fast a rate as may be effi- ^ ciently possible. The rate suggested varies from 30 to 60 times a minute, da* pending on the method. -- J.I.H.&T. ^ 432 An Experimental Study of Different Methods of Artificial Respiration. A. Heming way and E. Neil. Brit. Med. J., 1, 833-836 (June 24, 1944) The effects of the Schafer prone-pressure method ar ' the Eve rocker method of artificial respiration on the arterial blood-press'-. =, tidal air, ventilation volume, and cardiac output were studied on dogs rendered apneic by cord-tran- section or nembutal infusion. Under the conditions established the rocker method gives a greater cardiac output, tidal air, and ventilation volume than the Schafer method. The tidal air varies directly with the angle of rock in the Eve method, and the ventilation volume varies directly with the rate of rock; in practice, the ventilation volume should not exceed that of a normal resting person if acapnia is to be prevented, and, despite the experimental -- superiorities of the Eve method, whenever immediate resuscitation is necessary the Schafter method should be started to eliminate any lost time. -- J.I.H.&T. 433 What Makes a Good Eve Protection Program? A.G. Bungenstock. Occ. Hazards, 7, 30-34, 49-50 (Nov., 1944) ' t The safety engineer should survey and chart the places where and what Iftnds Of safety glasses are needed. The author prefers the words safety glass#!* to . . ''goggles" as it is an added plug for safety. The supervisor la .eadb dj^artmant should then equip his employees with the necessary, authorized protective Items, instruct them in their proper use, require the wearing and use. of the-equipment, end require that it be properly maintained, adjusted and replaced when neces- : ss.ry. The safety engineer and the plant optician must sell safety and give proper instructions. Figures show that money is saved by an adequate eye pro- ` tection program. ... . `' - T,, *- ` ' `- '& 454 Safety with Hydrofluoric Acid Alkylation. A.W. Trusty. Petroleum Refiner, 25. 469-471 (Dec., 1944) v-v ' .. " Included in the subjects discussed are properties of anhydrous-hydrofluoric acid, first aid treatment for burns, eye injuries and inhalation, end. eafety - practices. Safety measures include instruction of employees,iinstruction of local physicians, restricted areas for dangerous work, presence of water hose and of a neutralizing medium for add spillage at convenient locations, end . safety showers. Color schemes for distinguishing pipes, oontaincrs, etc., and specifications for neutralizing vats are also advocated. - - 435 Good Practices in the Operation of Acetylene Generators. International Acety- ^ lene Association. Industry and Welding, 58, 39 , 62-64 (Sept*, *1944)'* . The material presented is based on data supplied a special committee of the... International Acetylene Association and represents the joint TiOwe of that group, es well as the Safety Section of the U.S. Maritime Commission. The recommendations are specifically directed to the shipbuilding industry, but ; are applicable wherever acetylene generators are used. Mixture* of eoetylene . and air are explosive within wide limits of composition (2*5 tO"80j acetylene), therefore one precaution is that all air must be removed as quickly as possible . when the carbide and water begin to react. Calcium carbide la reacting with a small amount of water, as on the damp bottom of a-tank becomes incandescent; hence elaborate precautions in washing out tanks after use are necessary so that all carbide is. removed. Since those two and other possible conditions 03118570 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 27 March, 1945 D'O5 make acetylene generation dangerous, only skilled operators should work at the* process, and no others should be allowed in the vicinity. These facts are aC the basis of numerous precautions against introduction of carbide into an in-g sufficient amount of water, sources of fire end presence of air. The instal-i lation, operation, size of carbide, rate of operation must conform to under-S writers' and manufacturers' specifications, and operators beginning a shift * should be fully informed of the stage of the process. Laboratory Toxicological Studies 436 Experimental Asbestosis: Pathognomonic Value of Asbestos-Bodies. M. Giroux. Laval Med., jS, 239-250 (1943) Experiments with animals indicate that asbestos bodies form only after intense tissue reaction and with an appreciable deposit of iron furnish*! by hemoglobin. The presence of asbestos bodies in the sputum or in fluid obtained by pulmon ary puncture indicates pulmonary asbestosis but not the degree of pulmonary sclerosis since the degree of fibrosis Bay vary. -- C.A. . k 1 437 Experimental Silicosis Produced with the Ash from Human-SlHcatlc Imngjf- - S.R. H&ythom and F.A. Taylor. Am. J. Path., 21. Experimental silicotic lesions were produced in animals withlAj*4(419*'*f sue- 1. pensions of ash recovered chemically from the lungs of 4 CRMs of Ittttttolioo- . sis. Injections of pure silica dust as controls gave rise t* ttn'u*l lesions, including nodules of the lungs, spleen, lymph nodes, peritoneum asd blood vea- . sel walls, and in one case cirrhosis of the liver* The lung extract* were *ad* from the whole lungs and care was used to prevent overheating and overactdlfying 1 so that the silica was recovered in the same condition,. SB nearly a# possible,- .*' as it existed in the lungs. Their effects appeared to depend ppon fe* amount > of silica present, although in one series of experiments the preae&ee of a ^ relatively large amount of silicates appeared to have modifying action. v Silica extracted in this way had not lost its toxic activity daring its Sojourn in body tissues. When the free silica content was high* to*-same effects were produced as in the controls. It was noted that the Silica jfe&fO^toS mpllefft in the lungs, independently of their place of origin, confirming too meric of ., Ungar and Wilson. .~ri.v -' Editor1 s Hotel Reprints are available upon request* Br.SWLHsythoTU is . Medical Consultant to Industrial Hygiene Foundation. \- 438 Isopropyl Alcohol; Rate of Disappearance From the _-v Intravenous and Oral Administration. A.J. Lehman, J. Pharm. and Exp. Therap., 82, 196-201 (Oct., 1944) ,v;:V ; v'-* Isopropyl alcohol in blood and body fluids may be estiaated lc4ome\TicAlly. - Its disappearance. from the blood stream of dogs after intravenous adolnistratiad'* of a single dose does not proceed at a constant rate tut at s sat* dependent upon the functional efficiency of all excretory organs. .It Is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distribution to the tissues can occur within . 30 minutes to one or two hours. The narcotic action of isopropyl alcohol is . about twice that of ethyl alcohol. -- From authors' summary* 03118571 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 28 Os March, 194 JTJ 439 Lead-Detoxication. E, Hesse and G. Meissner. Arch. f. Exper. Path. u. Phar^, 202. 609-816 (Dec. 31, 1943) ' Animals were given lethal doses of lead and the lead content of the ash of the radius, ulna and liver estimated with a view to finding the best detoxicating agent. Substances tested as "antidotes" were: glyconorm, sodium 8-oxyquinoline -5-sulphonic acid, sodium inosite hexaphosphoric acid (phytin sodium), and a combination of the latter two. Further investigations were made on the "anti lead" factor present in the liver, and on the effect of lead-detoxicating agents on tolerance to lead administration by individuals suffering from malignant tumors. It is concluded that there is no favorable effect of lead on the pro gress of tumors but there is increased tolerance to lead when given with certainP-T: agents; also, that phytin or phytin and the oxyquinoline compound can be used as prophylactic agents in lead poisoning in an oral dosage of 0.25 gm. of each per day. -- Bull. Hyg. 440 Cardiac Changes from Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. W.S. Ehxich, S. Bellet and >; F.H. Lewey. Am. J. Med. Sci., 208. 511-525 (Oct., 1944) If Acute carbon monoxide poisoning was induced in some dogs by inhalation of the gas end in others by the intravenous introduction of erythrocytes saturated *ith carbon monoxide; chronic poisoning was effected bp exposure to 0.01 volume percent carbon monoxide for 5-5/4 hours daily over a period of 11 weeks. As. a control, chronic anoxia was produced in other animals by exposure to,an at mosphere containing only 10 volume percent oxygen. It was -observed tbit the electrocardiographic and morphologic changes of the heart in carbon soasxide poisoning differed little from those observed in anoxia due oth*< senses. -- From authors' summary. '' ./! "'. j-'L. - Vi.,'. 441 Ocular Pathology Due to Organic Compounds. M.H. Pike. J. Mich. State Med. Soc., 45, 581 (July, 1944) Cataracts were produced in rabbits by oral administration of naphthalene. The - progressive pathologic lens changes have been recorded by means of color photo- - grsphy. Although repeated exposure of rabbits to very hi|h coeceatrationa (4.6 to 4.8 mg.) of paradichlorobenzene vapor produced 'definite intS*leationr leading to tremors end toxic eye-ground changes, no lens Changes mere observed. Prolonged oral administration of definitely toxic quantities of the dtttg to ' rabbits did not produce any lens changes whatever. Together with the evidence gained from experimental work on animals, the experience of the author and hit colleagues leads them to believe that cataracts are not produced by peradichloro benzene, upon either oral ingestion or inhalation of its vapors,' in hither man ' or rabbit. -- Am. J, Ophthal. .^ f] 03118572 I 'w'-' Si--T ''A r^ S3 ^j :=3 INDEX (March, 1945) Absenteeism 415 Eating facilities ordnance plants 417 for workers 394 war industries 416 Eye pathology Acetylene generators organic compounds 441 operation of 43S Eye protection Air-borne infection program for 433 army camps 364 Fatigue control of 362--365 high altitudes 420 glycols (analysis of)363 First aid Argyria control of 429 industrial 350 Fluoroscopy Asbestosis hazards of 358 experimental 436 Fume control Aviation soldering operations 561 decompression sickness Hearing 421 injuries to 343 efficiency tests 419 Heart disease flight problems 418 diagnosis of 411 Benzol Heat sickness and chloroleukemia 354 value of salt 595 Book reviews and notices Hydrofluoric acid 537-538 safe handling 454 Burns Industrial hygiene cellophane treatment 381 and labor management 598 tannic acid treatment in 1944 405 380 investigations 344 Carbon monoxide physician's role in 404 cardiac changes 440 reports 393 Carbon tetrachloride WPB and 414 uremia 352 Industrial medicine Cotton industries Indiana 406 cotton fever 556 Industrial physicians Cresylic acid training of 392 toxicity of . 355 Isopropyl alcohol _D_e__rm__a__ti_ti_s_________________ 379 toxicology 458 and fungus allergy 374 Kerosene intoxication 551 coal mining 577 Lead detoxication 459. control 378 Manganese poisoning eczematous in Chile 347 treatment 573 March fracture 400 from overtreatment 371 Medical service 401 morphia rash 575 Massachusetts 402 morphine factory 376 plan ' synthetic rubber indus garment Workers .409 try 372 Great Britain 403-410 Dermatoses Medical terminology statistlcs-1939-1945 370 lung spots 408 Dust control Mercury ' dust collectors in humans 548 366-367-368 poisoning 349 rra- Mining industry :as1 safety after explosions 360 Muscle spasm :c lack of salt 396 Mustard gas keratitis 353 Nitrous gases casualties 346 Nursing, industrial 424' classifications 426 . ethics in 422 role in O.D.1s 423 training 425 Nutrition protein during hot weather 597 P arsgon-ja^ea!s in wa **tsrans 342 Permanent* Hospital second Manual jpeport 391 Physical therap# ' 41) basi*jMf; ^auacit^&ft experliitf&tel: fabfrr cements *me 2sm& - teldj&g ' W9-S4J. rteelfatrloslidB MT 03118573 j ^ S3? p[r--^u ?a'**-^ * T -V ' b-^J -irL^\! O' ,1 r-\ [=3 ? *~*i <f ! (m XK.ir. ir'./i; 2_4 / 2 . *'->'>1r:y`.T .1r*> 'i' r -.f1y,:*-, ' -' _ ' w' `-* . ^ **"' v*30*1Cj_j' Ip `Ab'izZ *:', ' or,:. I'ftCfPv.rjfjXar'.-ol;c..--. : / ' hMf^* v * - vaa.scA^jj,^i .':: *i5&'V wrii-.V:. _ '"t-Jibh- 'i-iU-nl'1qt;;v !. "* `ffiVirsvr-- ^E-jfrx.i:. ^'.,'jiii- . Li-.--:.-.:; .... '" r -v. v :. '* ' : */ .<T ! * I i j ii 03118574 l 1 HWBB-B011171