Document O341MxmDXV9VvBJ1mrrw0xBge

INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND PLANT LAYOUT Roadways and walkways The safety engineer should always be alert to opportunities where he can assist the civil engineer in designing for maxi mum safety Roadways in plant yards and grounds are sources of frequent accidents unless they axe carefully laid out, substan tially constructed, and well surfaced and drained, and kept in good condition Rec ommendations of the Asphalt Handbook, published by the Asphalt Institute, or of Concrete Pavement Design, published by the Portland Cement Association, should Ira followed Heavy duty motor truck hauling requires roadways up to 50 ft wide for two-way traffic with ample radu at curves Grades, m genera], are limited to a maximum of 8 per cent A slight crown is necessary for drainage, with ditches to cany off water. Roadways should be located at least 35 ft from buildings, especially at entrances At loading docks an allowance of IX truck lengths is desirable to facilitate backing The regulation and control of traffic, signs, road layout, and markings should con form to local and state practices Good guidance is provided in the Manual on Uni form Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, U 5 Dept of Commerce, Bureau of Public Roads, Washington, D.C (1981) As American Standard D81, it is being adopted by all the states Traffic signs and signals regulating speed and movements at hazardous locations are essential Stop signs are specified for rail road crossings and entrances to mam thor oughfares, and SOUND YOUR HORN signs are necessary at sharp curves where view is obstructed and at entrances to buildings Minors mounted to afford views around sharp turns or comers of buildings are of great help in preventing accidents if road ways must be built this dose to buildings Barricades and MEN WORKING signs are needed for construction and repair work If roadways are used at night, traffic signs should be made of reflective or luminous materials Good walkways between outside facilities prevent injury from employees' stepping on round stones or mto holes and ruts in rough ground. As far as possible, walkways should be the shortest distance from one building to another to discourage short-cutting A walkway that must be next to railroad tracks should be separated from them by a fence or railing Warning signs should be installed at railroad crossings and other hazardous places If walkways are located clear of the eaves of buildings, danger Rom falling icicles is reduced Concrete is preferred for sidewalks, es pecially in principal areas like entrances and between mam buildings Crushed rock surfaced with gravel or asphalt makes a good walk for less used locations Walkways should be kept in good condi tion, especially where they cross railroad tracks, and should be cleared of ice and snow. Parking lots To reduce travel in the plant grounds, a desirable location for a parking lot is be tween an entrance and the locker room The entire parking area should be fenced The surface of the parking lot should be smooth and hard to eliminate the frequent injuries that would occur from falls on stony or rough ground Good drainage is essential. The use of white lines 4 to 6 in wide to designate stalls reduces confusion and the number of backing accidents Standard stalls are from 7X to 8X ft wide The center-tocenter distance between parked cars vanes according to the method of parking. (See Fig. 14-1.) Be sure parking does not encroach on fire hydrant zones, approaches to comers, bus stops, loading zones, and clearance spaces for islands Dnveways should be a minimum of 26 ft for two-way traffic and there should be no obstructions to viewing Oblique parking demands less skill in ma neuvering and results in fewer backing ac cidents, but requires more space per car If the herringbone arrangement for parking is adopted, than as many cars can be parked as in 90-degree parking The herringbone system utilizes the small triangular space unused in standard oblique parking Separate entrances for incoming and out- `Details for signs and marking pavement are given in U S Department of Commerce, Washington, D C Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and High ways. See also National Safety Council Indus trial Data Sheet No 451, Plant Parking Lots and Public Loading Points 14-4