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American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1935
controls, must be added. With few exceptions, systems designed to meet fl
summer capacity requirements will have ample capacity for winter and j
intermediate season conditioning.
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A common arrangement of a central station spray type system for cooling and dehumidifying is illustrated in Fig. 1. The plant may be
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designed to condition 100 per cent outside air, 100 per cent return air, or a 1
mixture of outside and return air. Further, part of the air returned from i
the conditioned space may be by-passed1 around the conditioner as j
illustrated in Fig. 2. The reheater may be installed in the fan inlet
chamber as shown, in the by-pass air duct, or in the fan discharge duct 7
depending upon apparatus space and other design conditions. Still -g
another arrangement of equipment will result if the dehumidified air fan I
delivers the conditioned air to several other fans rather than to the con- '
which restrict the use, in comfort conditioning applications, of refrigerants acting by direct expansion in coils exposed to the air stream. -Therefore
local codes should be consulted by the designer before he pkfns a system employing direct-expansion methods. Close- humidity, control cannot be maintained during the cooling season by the surface cooling type of equipment. Winter humidification may be accomplished by use of
evaporating pans or spray nozzles. The cooling coils serve nq purpose during the intcrnificliatc or heating seasons, so in this- respect the spray type equipment is often preferred, in that during certain seasons evapora tive cooling will be sufficient to produce the cooling desired. Effective cooling and dehumidification accomplished by surface units are dependent
1V variable factors. The air velocity through the unit, air
ditioned space directly. These booster fan equipments may use part by-
pass air as illustrated in Fig. 3 or 100 per cent dehumidified air and
reheaters. The main apparatus, in either case, may or may hot have a
by.-pass connection, depending on load conditions and other design factors.
The systems illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 may be converted into the
surface cooling type by merely replacing the dehumidifiers with surface
cooling coils which use cold water or direct expansion of refrigerant to
accomplish the required cooling and dehumidifying. The coils may also
be or
installed within below them.
the
spray
chamber,
either
in
series
with
the
spr. ays
DEHUMIDIFIERS
.
Information on spray type dehuipidifiers is given in Chapter 11.
Surface cooling type dehumidifiers generally consist of extended-surface coils within which the water or refrigerant is circulated or the refrigerant is expanded. The air to be cooled and dehumidified is drawn or blown over the coils. This system is generally comparatively low in initial cost and has low operating costs. Some localities have refrigeration codes
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'Patents exist covering the use of the by-pass for cooling and dehumidifying systems.
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temperature, moisture content of the air, water or refrigerant tempera
ture, and velocity of the water or refrigerant through the tubes must be considered in selecting the proper unit for a given design load. If any of
these factors vary without a corresponding variation of the other factors, the effective work of the coil will increase or decrease, as the case may be.
DESIGNING THE SYSTEM
The. general procedure for the design of a., central cooling and de
humidifying system is as follows:
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1. Calculate the heat gain for each room or space to be conditioned. (See Chapters
6 and 8.) 2. Establish the temperature of air leaving the supply inlets.
3. Calculate the quantity of air to be circulated. .
4. Estimate the temperature loss in the duct system: ,
5. Determine the volume of outside air to be introduced. (See Chapter 3.)
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6. Calculate the heat to be removed by the cooling and dehumidifying apparatus':
7. Calculate the size of the reheating equipment. .
8. Select cooling equipment and heating equipment from manufacturers' data and
performance curves.
9. Design the air distribution system and the air outlets and inlets. (See Chapters
19 and 20.)
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