Document O1ZBd2a2rOxVMaKp1rqM3mmQM

IAS a. 30~11CH a assoc. C<TI_|N <O`0 ,<\3 OHIO 4tO i. CWR'JI 2'*. JCa- September 9, 1977 Mr. David 8. Woodbury Fosecc, Inc. 20200 Sheldon Road Cleveland, Ohio 44H2 Dear Dave: Enclosed is a copy of the NIOSH industrial hygiene study of the wollasconite mining and milling operations of the Incerpace Corporation. Also enclosed is a copy of their preliminary report, which is referred to in the final report. As you will note, the reports contain considerably more informa tion chan you would need (or probably want) co know about wollasconite. Consequently, I've marked che more significant comments and conclusions in che reports for your information. The clinical study data is expected co be available in October. I should be able co get a copy at that cine. TAS:nb Enclosures Industrial Hygiene Consultant Fos-aa-aiaaaaei 152 2587 rcr.i. ini;.v.:;v i r.::r :r. vi:v I ill d ir t C (it*i |u**`.'i1 :mi Vj J Ni*\.* Vink StiUVT.V 1J.VJ: Kvhrimr y 1!J, 1 0 V f Sm:vr.Y CCl^N'C-Yi* Kobcirt Uiitclir Mar'* lift n i ;-i " i:.il|ili Z11J ti'* rki'OkT riiiTAurii i;y: H.-l 1 ] ! Ziin.t.'.'i 11'.(Mark Utii'iit ; r FOS-QO-QQQQ0011S3 2588 1 N'Tuoiv.'rn fi As pul' of lliC l.';< i 1 on.i 1 In. . 111 n t c* ri*r rii-1rti;i, j l i ,.ii ' .. i i k-1 \ : 'i.-.i i i (liK'ilP i inlii::: i v. i lU` l nil i wf j u;!u:;l i i. j i\ .Ii. . . nit 1 ui . i * 11 n..i iir.i' 1 v in i i 'j; f \ l;i imi. : i,: i n,r.i 1 :, .1 | I.') t;|i|i.i \ i .;.111 : 1 t . 1 If.'., surv.-v i fda.lni ! vil .t Mn \:**\ ) ;isi .,':i i I (.,*1 ..I it... . ; In . ! . i , i,'( Co i';m r.i i i. . '..'ill W-\ V.it'l, . TU i . \ i r v. Y V.. . i> ! \ 'i,. 11 l-'li.-i J .1 ('.i.c::.ii; ,..! .'`.ii!; r.,' i. i j, l* ,imi II.. 1, Ii Xi vn -il.' . * . i , i . ,V' o f .'In ` i i 1 1 -in i-, !!I.: ".i I'll l*v. i i r*nr., .n'.I i 197 f-- i ,1.1.1 i 1 i..: : L. oI':>*r \ i n,'. Hu- mill it.;-, pill.' . . .: r. . v y 1i .; i pvt* 1 i ' ii llur l od . ,lir i**vl j nf. 1 " i i li;; ';ir I iv i ;1 ; iin in t* ' . '. * *. : ' ' UACKci.u;::.-!.' i U'u 1 1 (Ml i I c ((*..:; i.l-1 is ;i n.U 11*.: 1.1 v i*c::m i1 i i-..; 1 j ; . : . *- t . . ; r. i 1 : 11 wlli.i l- . r.-i'Ciy /mind in 3.*ip,e .iRitniil** ilie l ; I:v r,i; i .;:iir....- niri-.-i:;' .r-i im J cued i c j mis roiniivd I nr i ;for..in: i... Ii e tsince i.-.i.'. frctii 1-1 y only in .i few |0;ic.v> .irmii!-.! i i..- i.-i J.!, Tlw: l'...i '.Inrpov.n ion purf,t.i::i:I Lin: ciinor.-tl ri.-.hi:: in i l.o 1-. i.l 1 vhoiV, Now V.4! r. i '..'O 3 1 ll 1 .I.'uiitc lit', it: in 19M. Tim 1 v.*.-!;*. rr.1 ..'vi'v;:S . "oly orsc iuii .',1 :ir'].5 bill ion ton:. . In 19311, \ \u*. (I.tlM'i 'I.irjjor;'.L i u.'. t iv.*;'1 :Lt*d <'on.*:Li i. .lion of a f.O.CDO ion per yc.-ir nil) for |iri:n-:.r.ii*;; i ore. 'hi. oi.-cr.n i ..il w.l.-l J; :icr o.vpandoJ in 3 Ou9 wli. 'it lliC In 1 : Cl'.: ;.;iv:.: :cr. pur- ChoSriJ L ho uine ;::nl ifa^J.l. Sic (;r.n'.iu of wt-l 1 .i:.f unite .ive pvoepr.r.nl. Thene t*. voiles .ire j j-,j : n! t j y CO~:.:t::"'-' "J use, fiber content:, ;:iu! p.iv; i i: J u i jio . of Ll.-f. Ci.".'i.]y :wuf i.i.c-J i::i in-r.: 1.1 found ill 11 c wnl J .:<! on i 1<I d-.pr;:: i l:: err ri. - V. (A 3'/;), tli o|<::; i?-.:. epidotr, c;i]i:ui-, nnd qucrt:*, ic:i. of \.-ii I :*:i .'nr I v ot;cid a:: u hy-pr.. V..I and mai I.eU'd pv < n.iv J 3 y 33 ;ibr:i.*: i vp-5 . J'i n j :;ln-d :: i' Ijiji j.ii ce h.vs Ini'Mil utility in r.crjmje:.', pninr.*:, '..Y:l d i n;; C 1 p 1 .*... Lj i :, i , w.llllnii-rvis, end p.laub 3S filler. It lm: olro been repel jj. i.i..; I I y u:.:d ;i.'i .1 soil LfinJitinner snpplyi.ii;*. allien nnt! r.'ilcJua it* dtTiriei.i DKSCIUH'IOH Ul- l'KUCKSn Min itp. Thu ij1*v in 3oc;:l^ul :ippru" iiwi l.r:J y two mile:: from 11 uj 3 l. Tlio pre-ecut rain in,'. imrlio.l ifjpl oyol in upci'i aCopt::: with i'e;ju In i p il Ja r:; . ;iiK-..iip.i o;; up dip. IV ir In 1 *> j ore w.v: rec.'vr red /row .in open pit until Liu; depth Ol (ivci l.m il.iu hui-;iE.v exiles.", ivc. Tli<* 11 i.<t IVimii"' pi c'aenl'l y willed on three 11'vtl::, l.'n. 1, IIn. n. mid 1!<>. A A am.ii.l li.iii I drill- ip I.*mi|; iipciit-.l :il' .'in upper level ijiul ::c ;>. r:i I ver- lir.'il i n Li'i'niini.-i. i. i it;; aha I fa Iwvi* been driljoil I improve vi 1.1 i 1 .i i j` or., h'.llui'.il di.lit Vi-nl i I .il'lent i:: rtOlrd upon iiitiiu|; l lie winlor wii.li turruti ^OS-00-000000 154 2589 .1 i r \ i *1 r. r- ihliu C>l 1'V V.lllc .IN f .1 1 jmir i lL 1 Kl. |l . 1 1 ill,* MW,' 1. ` I . n,.. t ( i' r v.uii* t .i ) 1 .Mf. .ire -i 1 ** 1 1 1 ............ \ s 1 t I J.'W pf i r 1 )i *!;; 1 t Ik* i k i mj; 1I 1 V\' 1 . . r? ( in* * i! l j* M .. 1 .*: 11 u i t .: . .i *, V i n 11 V.u.-.t i.r tli* 1 oyiMr?'. :i L llit* mi i m .ire 11j; ; , 11 III ' 1 i 1 1 .'Ik* ilr 1 1 i itj* j r; Jr1, 1 ill i j t . i nj; ! Wfj (J.' l iilUM IVtn*i r .1. .. !", * .1.- i. M . i ,* nf, \ 1 i i ; n|*r r t n) ).y 1 j *. J |kk: i-r , t In- 1 n*r 11v <* f Ml.| I* r.i.r.J .mi*. \t U * 11 i i i:yt i . m* 1**: *. i t .. l , i l 1 : .1 1 \ i v:: i *.. i**i-il .: ( il.,* ,*11.1 o ( ; It. .' L 111 1 . i lilt I-. .1' > / 1 < . : 1 . m lIn 1'"''':' 1|.,V 111.nit 1 .Ml J l.n c)* .if. (ii i id] ' *', * 1 v*.! 'if- 1 .li. * .,* 1 il in. 1 >;| 1 1. . Sc I.I *; --. i *1.' s: 11 * t ! 1 ; : :::: .! of *:;* * v i ii j; m i f 1* *.lu 1 . > i ( u( t l.* i i i.t* . Ki 'J hp l ! i : i i * i. on:. i si :: of l In* mil. 3, mill i h m;,r I'Oii:/', .in,I nl I i. c I.ui1i!i:i 111-' <:.' j p; I'll 1.'.' r.i-p.ir.il p 11: U'.il I.... I . f i n;:i I 'n- r..ii*iii:: .1:.'. il 1, sill;' ,mJ t:n ri-.I.i. > l hr un 1 ] ;i::t nil 11 IP : i :: >; :: 0! ct'.ir : t.-: 11 - .;. . '1 ni > fno i'll- inim* i;; f >*ci jnl.u ;l crusher |n I , ; r r .1 pi.' 1' .1 ;*.*n f< ilipi , .-in:1 .i j !..-:s'r;/ii I !n"i;,,h cil If." ;; .'10" j.r..' rrir.hi-r. An n;:::r.i: 1:1' i: sl.il i...... .1 1 ilii' j t: rn*:li- r In li J rcrl I hi* rnrh inlo I h** ri'.,.:i'-r i.-.. . u *.;. 1 u :. 1 umi fi'.'-l. 1 In.- p> i.i.M ; d j:;cii;n j.r 1:: f.vt-r r *.- -n i"i , ). 1 ;.) villi .'lip i:i':i:s I'r.in i 11:1 p.isstrit ; I; 1 u.i-.ii ;i p:ir r.i.l ! i-1 f - I - i : f! ilrypi . J'l.. liver Ire i :*. <1 i r.-rt ft! I'O .1 j;y r.i i.nry crn::iiM* (Tp * p:-i > i I !) fur .tfi.'il 1 S :: > r.p n.iUii'i ! ini. Tl'.i- dryer cii :.uli.!r;*,r .iwl ih'I'iikI.i.j' r roslu-v il i .1 .i.n'ijc :..-p in rl.'Soi! with * scrron (Tyler Ty-llnpl.) . T';ie rni'iPi'.ii rnidc o<*v is '.i.ptcrpii 10 in'ir ni t'..**' coJ.I ci'iniii'T.'; for further rerluct i.`in. T::r. rr*J I eru:;lip cl j sp::.'ir,;i- io |.*,.:.rl fviir li!;,.'i f rr|iioni:y, .low ;:*'p 1. i 1 ml-.: screen ' fIJ{ rr cl*.) fui :;rp;. 1 : i mi in v.*:.'iu::.*i proiiucl ::ir.r* r;uiri:s. Tiips.* n i c 1i C j p.: t: :***: r.'f l pd .*:(. .1 |>rpup! i ' .'i) i:i*il r.ite Llirciutli ncr.iipi ic :;r |-'.p.rs. The ,**..; isir*. ;o.c! <1 j op;, j ill:, I'P'ii:, Ici'Mjr R.o^n'.'Cic, .'ire hplil eUi.se* VO (.hc: J i nc>: of ;...-';irl i C flip: of_ `.lie i ii.h.'i* t i cm cnl;or. The* wo .11 a si pr.i ;.r 1>'*3'*.,; tic p.":-::* Chi'nr;;!: lli'* Kr.;;i.c. lie field id cii'.i|i:'. oiiiii e (v:\ ',*' I: , 1.-i l i..:i fi-r r i.il I u sti.'l'.sp.e L. 11-.:.. Tlir f'-.ir: f i pd vol l.tsconici: c.iii lie /*,round into four proiiucL si*'* ..i:lii.i pr'.iS'p millr. Tlip pebble mill:; ui.jli>:c s ui r :.i fi.-ivii ji'ii :.y:.i o'. In c l lie i.i* I 1 ;i*. I.iiiii I p j iU 11 different' si;*.c f r.'ic;. i in.*: mi.:!il ii j; 1 iir il i vo: >; j f i t:.\' ;cc; of c..J |i. iiilur.ls. 'two oiiiii Cione.l "f Jliruu::" proiiucl..*: .ire-, ir .-.tui f net ured on :.n sirrilion mill. Al.l finished f.rniltipl:: .*u*.: I d .jn:l/nr ::!ri pppi! 31. Ini 11; liy I ri:i'U. Tlio woll.'iHCon j.rt- mill proce::::'! :;*. Il.v il i .*:;*.i*:i:n i :* i 1 i uj.i 1 :i l *:'. ii. Xivurv 1. n:nsfw:;i*i. Tlip i I 1 ::lx;ri> i*p*,*r:il inn curroiilJy employ:: CM hourly pi:pl u'/i'r:, p.'il.n iuil pui;:11'Vpp.*:. Tin? minhiT of wurhcr:; Im;: rpi.1.1 j him) 1 : i rl.y pjip-p ill'1 :.l;u I of n|u:r:il i.ou ill J'l'i'J. mui 1 V. i:nn:.i ml TIip nip.' iijipr.llc:: on Two ::lit ft vi rh .m . .ivpi*:i)*.*. <>f 1 - Ii 1. imrl-pr*: pi*r :.liifi.. Tin* mill i'|n*i .il p.*: mi Ill coo ::li i f r..*:, i*ni|i I uy i nj; nlsiuL Iw'-nly wnvl*.**r:: mi i*.i< Ii of I In* firr.l 11.11 Phill.c :nil tin pi* ilurjn;*, tin* tliif'l :;liill::. AJ 1 hourly FQS-00-000000J135 2590 <>: I' I cyi-v III tin- r.ijni- :iml mil] arc repi i cii t e.| by the I'm I 1 M.cl U.m !.,-i : of Av.kt \ r.i. .n .:.1 III. 1)201., SM-TTV ANP ] l\|iii|'. j ;; IAI. IIYCI i:\-K I'KIH:i; :y. All ii. r I ,M .'.re I 1't. il I n iiml. i p.o ;| ] i i- .. it:n I .<\ I i 11" . 1c.i 1 linul phv.i. . I'r. II.. i . ('.in i , ]> i ' o : I In- physical i>. ( I:', on t* 11 1 If an a.-.." rprni y a r i ::ir.. |l|< i-nlil 1 0 ^ every ; 1i ;:; ........ n an .iiin.-:: I |l:;. leal. Tl.r imiuI a to r v 1 cm.... isir. then I a... i i * h i ,i i l.c tell ol.lerl : f: i i. ` ily c '-ip 11>} civ:. Ihiveeci' , any am >11 .iv -ill I 1.. '.r r.'.!' a. i::.'dical i'S-.'ii.. i :i.i i U'n il il' ir. t :. I r il. A ;.. 1. i-.md j e.i J i ... n c..;V, vlii.U in uscj I'll I .i 11 * i pi e- t-r.;ji ] i.ycs-nt Ami Annua] phy.. i ea I s , c.ni In- y.acil in I'.j-.mi.- ' 2. .-Iriaa.1.'] A fnrvi' r.afr.ly p rof.r ;ir. is Active al (lit* Ini ;r; .iai- i-: 1 ... am.] n il 1 . r.e.rli ci.iji 1 .. \ i*. i:. is:n;,d a ];::l uf safely ruJcs will. which I m i;; r.ipcctrd Cu jif-i-.i.U'.t J l: i i.-. *i T so Hot hir. action:. ;h: nal pric* i a li.'.ra i uy s i : e::"i :: i o lii ik-s'.J I nr <i l li.:/s. The prcmr.'.ia iuniei i in- t! i t'l-1. i.s.i of i ho and pi.'ml: super i nt.-iuUmt. .A st.ift ,ipp* intcd solely r-'ni (on . ro..:,. r j er.nl liasiv.) cunvuci-* nn nn.iu-ifniiicril : i r :;j: i- ti on of l l>c i.: i nn and Kill ;nvj ri p.i!".'s hi.r f i .'ft a room lily Matf safety acesih;;. Two ineomiva .'i-..--i.-ils ere offer.-;.' lo '.!: expinyers i:ii lu'ivc ('.o'npn.str.-: Li ! safe; wurl; prucciccr.. At least: 11:10 us-il.ei: on fs'.rli shift ir. trained in pci'fnrisir.;* first .urf. The worl-ovs in the mi no and mill .ire- all provi.Ud nltli sli.it;':, siml Ii;:m1 bets.- V.'i.i'l: r 1 or.liii: i.- nr.i provided. provided' for all. mine iiersori.ic i. tlii.i.ije r. hath, the mine ami nil] . s.-jf.-ly "J.as safety Sol t rescuers .ire r ..:v |.rr.'.-j jljd at In Jus r i;. 1 I.1 \ ; i i-ne Ko imiiisirJal l'ypienirjt i:: rn|iloy'il at the: pjir. Iloviuvcr, from rt-ervanomlar ions re:u:J I iup, f row .'irvcrol .an.'veyu pci f i.riuci.l by p.fivc-rn.tcn t (Mine KnfiU'ei-mcnL ami flalofy Atltijnjstra!' ion and Now Yuri; f-iaic lU.iltii liopari i : Ami prJvaro niuieMuriLi.'i'e, clianp.o:: love been m.-uU- lo ii:i|ii`i>vt: tin: ;/-m.-i'a 1 vnrkinp. etiv i i'hium'mC . Kinlit C.lliri.c l>ai;lum.sc J liter:: li.ivi- hi-cii inslnllm! l. rnrivr dnnt from local <*>:liaust' vnnls in t.lu* in i 1.1 . Tlicta* have i;ncitly i*i*<lnct*<! tin* ili'f.l. re*}cam'll it i.lio. micpn'i'ic r.'.'|i.M':iI nrr. ami the bap.:'.i n;', r| r.ition:i. lUtwi'T , Jn::r:t] latinn of aiUli tinnal lni'.al .::lan:.l. vent j 1 1 al 1 nn appears virr.inl ml. Ai'Cnmnlat inns nf .'U-tllcil iln::r v.'i:iv. mil i d cm J ctiand m. 'ioliinery. Tin;company has provi.ilcil a eenival vacuum system uilli i.al'.i--of( ronuccLionr: nn tin* upper flours. Kflnrr. is; hr in;* il lrin:l.inl at rci:yi:J in;; bapJi.niMO i.m;.: in. .mil oilier settled .lust hai'l; inlo l.ltc pi.mlncl line v/itlnv.it saeii i j C.i np, l lie ipialily of the: proilurL. i Dust rr?.;i1 rai .n s arc uni i'r:|ii i red t.o In: worn hy any of the i/firl'cra, a 11 lnti"!i :.i'W tnirker:: tasris observed wearin;* them. Kespi ral ors are ava Liable upnii ri'ijneut , FQS-00-00000! 2591 pi::'.c:k! rrm': or i:i;cm;r:; svnrM l'er.-.aiun-1 iCCui'd:: .11 .- .iv:i i 1 .iljl f ' ; I'lM' in the p re : i'ii l . Those include M-cial ::i rn r i i y 11.: .In r-. , \.-u:h 11 i.-. I 1 - r J c -:, .n-i-t uurU I itlo, and Ju:;I 1 j me 1 I1.11 :if I e r i :-.ud ;ic r. 11 .! i ip; lo .in' irii'i or illm-:.-:. Mo::l pi`si*iil .enl p.v.l 1,'il.iT'. .!< r:..-ills' l rave.: I-' li ; i as' ' c i'i" I lie rural I < il.jnu .uni :: I -11 j i 1 i t y 1 I 1 In: j .1 *;*u 1.1j Oil. I*.. -*1 i r.i 1 1 s' s: s' r 1!: 1 arc 1 1 i 11. 11 on .ill p.i.: f. .mil piiv.oul u.'r!;ci ::. TK.si'KCT'ii:; ok ri:r. ki-.mt r<itr-n l. i1 11:.;.a-a nan; IVoro rhi- ob.--.c-.rvaL1 mis nailer during lliir; ii'irvyy and (.lie rivnt.l t.s of rI mra.vureivats made, the fell ctmcl u:-inn.; urc drnvni and rcr oir.r.c-ni'.ar j 011s for irpruvi-iwucs r_-.i t; 1. There epie-.-.rs ro 1! si jn i 1 1 r.ctif c-.::po:;nr(.- In reap i v.-.hl u wnl lanrou i. te in v.-.iinu-; pr or (::~n rive area;.. Ilo da in p. rr.ev. 1 I y exists re. indi cate rosy; r.icorv prO'iloi-ei dim to such I vv" r, ii n..:;T. be eutph.::.:i .red diet human experience wi ch llu.-: mineral is limited. It would r.vpriir pn-u-.-riC that c.-|.o.*.urcn to esp i vault- vr.ll nstnui tr fibers be Uc-pt at an abxol etc eiiniifima by tbs use-of hoc:! work prac t.i cr.s and enp.i'iuerjnj; controls. The uso. o brooms and hand brurl-.i-s Cor r.lcsaninn should bo el iini/i.Hed in favor cf much cleaner vacuum methods. In addition, these persons worVinj;. in areas of exco-siA-ely hijh dust cr.poxuvc should he requested lo wear rexpi.r* 1 ory,. pro: notion .unless they have an cxisties health probltas \-hii.h pre-h i h i is in, in -..hic-h case,- they pvebabi y should be ronnve.d from tliiv.miI; tnviniiui-nC. 7. The i'oi U-.m-s in the. mine ray be exposed to excessive levels of carbon monoxide and nitrous ease-;-. (Jl.'ij., Kllj) reloasftd dur.tnp; blastin' and by the operat ion oC the dir-sel engine equipment. ll. is rcuos-M.-nded thar' the mine environment he monitored to determine levels of exposure 3. Uijjn noJse levc.l.'i-arc prevalent in both the wine and mill. Within the mill, lii|;h noise levels existed around rhv cruuhin;; and p.rindi n" opeca Cieuu. Sound level raeaxu rumen t.s .should he wade to dctc-.riair.t- if ev'.ecssive. noise levels exist. If recessive, an appropriate hen tin;; ronxv.rvorlon pr.jp.ran should ho. r.nt up. Drillers alonj; with others in the immediate mine area should continue to wear hearin;; protection. FQS-e-0C000l157 2592 ::ih;\t.v nan :.;u'i:r.s a:,ij data ah.u.y:; r.s Tin: major purtii.ii of I hi' .-a: i i-,-y w:ir. ih-vocril In 'iv. i i Inn of m J | 1 ;.m,| nijniii;; prun-tluri--., i'N|i(i.:tn r control pr. ict I re:-, aiil plant ivrp.inii-l iv.-nial nssr.'i'.eenl . /toll, :;.ipiii 1 e:; Liu* J in.i.-.ln'J p i ...!n. i a : i J... i- wiilt ;i lii.itiil niinil'ci* nf :iir N.ii-ip 11::: w-iv cn i J i*e* tnl fur tin- pu rpo:.,- n| rh.n-.u-11-r j .. I up vn I I ,i.: I im j ic . Tin- ,i 1 p I c:: wife rn 11 ci: Li-il in f In- m-iin- .mil .if vuiiui;: J11 I I . -: -:: (ipi-ra t i an:: witliin l i- mill. Tin' ml li'.'l imi ii-.ili.i a: ml f,.r ,i i p S.':i:ip I I n;t w, i i* 11/ mm M i J .1 j peiv Type /-A i'C 1 I n I i--.i.*r i h-f.l i . .n,- I'll; (O.U |iu |'ii iv i r i') .nut 37 mn Miu-J i-|.ei..- w.i-ir.l.i-.i.-.i- fill,(fl.S n::: sl/.r). 'flic ."..-ir.|il. iup uniti-ei-v-nts wi-fi- c jJ i.l:r :.l .-.! .-it ;i i Im- i.iii; of 0.0 1pm. l..il><if.i t nry ~ 11: i .1 y::I.- Wi'cc I'l-cf armed or .ill a i.jln-i-nr: n.p 1 r r. inil/nr I.nil; sample:. for t.i-jcc m-t.ila (CJ, Cl*, Cn, Ke, Hn, Hi, /n) liv ;u m.ii c l-.'i-pt:ion, free silica by x-ray dif frier i cu .imJ fil-...-r ;:j/.t: distvibin ii-n-. .mil fiber rniief-ntr:: l J en:: by uptie.o] .uni l. |-.".ii:.i.i i sj'.j on electron nu cro:.,.o|iy . All KillipOfC AA air .nt.pl f:i vt-.vi: eve In.-tod nr. iphase i-cnr r.ir. t uievaseopy nr irap.ii i.f i.ccti on of -'iOIIX. (Nltinil/OSII.\ i.vi lied I nr i-oim;jni; nc Ik-:: l-o.i. ) 1- Tit j n nneJyiir.il. marhiiil v.-ns im-sl In esl abl i.%li on i:nl,v: nf cxpn<:iii-c (fiberu/cc) and for ilc t.ei lai n i up t lit- relative si.-.c of rite fibers (iliei.t-li.-i- oniJ ]en;;tb). Tim elec Iroh microscopy analysis o flic collected siiipJ.cs \.-o.-. per f or moil usin* .i JtCOI. JC(l-r. side entry era nr.trier, ion nluctrnn inicrnse&pe a l onwith on at r.ai-lu.-il EUAN cnerp.y dispersive x-ray anal yxi-r. Thu collected nir s.-.a-pl were prepared ns inf; a transfer lacnEi'aiu* filter te.chnicjuf ut il i/.j n;; a 200 Iu.- kIi, foruvnr/cnrbon coiled jrid >.nd ohaervaJ by franc-laiosiiip. electron tsicrorccipy. ^ Utiliri np. this rethcnl, tlic air sxr.-^li.s wen* .-.n.-ily/.ed nl 3.000X, 30.000X, and 20,0U0X ikaj.i'.ificnitnn to determine fiber and particulate. lacirpliolOKy- To dneu-srnu and verify the observed fibroins. Material, both energy liisperotvi: M-roy ;*.:v: lyr. and sc 11-- i.d area electron diffracuion wave performed. . RESULTS Industrial llvnicine Due to the fihrous nature of wollastcnitc both optical and electron micro scopy were utilized for de.certiiinintj an index of exposure (f ihcrc/cc) . Fibers were defined as bavin;; an iipcec ratio of 3:1 or i;rraior.. A1J air borne samples veto analyzed foe total fibers ond fibers greater than 5 raicrons in leu;;th. Tlic microscopy analysis was perfurm'-i! at AOCjJ-'. iii.-i|;nifiejtlnn phase cun l fast anti J0,000X ma^nifi cation tran.-uaj s.-:ion electron Micro scopy. Tahltt 1 j l.lustrates liber concentration.*; found at virion:; 3oc.irious within t.h! mine and Mill. liy character i zins each sample fur fiber size di st ri bui.i up ly both optical aTiil eler.cvtiu mi crnp.copy, a |*,nciU cetupar i.oon helvK-.'-n opt.leal anil clccrriu: mi erusenpy concent rat ions fur fiber:; greater than 'j laicroni; wa.*t achieved. It is apparent that a 2- /| fold inrrcauu in rol.ai liber concinil ration.*' ivsjs&it with I lie electron i::i ernsenpy iaa J y:;i .*>. This il i ftetcnoi* run probably he. centribnl.ed lo the increase in i:n;;ni 1 i ca tion and resolution of Lite, electron microscope. pos-00-000000 usa 2593 A1i>iii; vlt.li tin: l .il'iil.'U t rni of airborne fiber nnH,.,nl r.illi'n::, fiber.". w.-rr> also sized liy ti i. i :.* ( e. r and li'ny.lli in tie l e t m i ne :: I rho rni* filter di.nivier and Irup.lli data. Tills was :ivI'lTOil 1 ) sin d by : I . i up. i o> 11:1.1inly (.(1(1 ( ; |>,- liy I r.iii:-wi::::Jiui e I'*'I-ran in i i: rnscnpy .il*. tna;-,n . l i , a i i on . All . i : .s.iiufilo:; wore ova 1 o a l eil using ran.lnr.ily ;; < J i -t: t til I i o I il for fiber s is. t up,. ;:,p f i b c c size, data i:: shown in Table 2. To Ik 11> ilia roe Iml /.e the mineral, energy fi 1 : - p t* i . i \-. s-ray ana 1 y : j.s ' v.i.-: pr I I 11 int-il on i ml i \ j.ilual f i liet'-i In do l.e rtn i lie l he oli-it.onl.il m:.l.r-n|'. \ I v I . 11 no 11 .t: i mi iin filin' x-ray .rpc.'UM 1;; i 1 lu>i rii.il in i'iy,nre i. in ad,lit ion fo tin' v-ray spot C rn rli.mc tetisa L i on, o I l roii m i e i : ;i, I,:. of typical sample fields wi-tc also I jki-n .it ?.,1!<KIV. and Itl.dlU)" 'i i;;n i i'i r 11 inn . Tvfii cm I. r.'-.n-.ip) o IjiUl;-. are i 11 il : r r.11 ed in K i ;',.i rev /. .mil '). Tlic analytical 1 t:s for trace metals (CM, Cr, Co, l'o, Hn, Ni, y.ul .-.ml frrv: silica obtained front r* i: finished prod-ae! s and t.vo nettled div-t ples are shown in T.ilili 3. These sample:; wevo analysed by .-icicnic .bsnvp- timi ;mil x-ray il i f f rnction, respect ively. IJISCUS.ITO:.' AK'U UliCOMMhlO-vncillS Tin- fiber sine data obtained from Lite clocirnn microscopy .nr.nlys,'.'; iir<!i races count noilisn mi-.-iiii:remeuc.*: ot 0.26 nilr.rons for ili:n.i.'ri::' .-mil 2.0 micros.': for lcivjtbr. foe airborne wollaston i ui*.. Because. of those |>I ys i ml Uirmnii ns air born.-: expn:M.rc s may br. .respirable and harmful to lies] lit. Although rh* re.ipi rah; J j; y `of '.ilI'i'Oi nc fiber.': is hoc clearly under:: tend il is thcmjpiw to be mainly dependent on the fil>cr diameter. Timbre 11s'* work surcsr;. that the tv.'o median'! of fihur deposition in tin", upper airways (cc:. tlr.ssesc indueed by gravity mid jnerti.nl dirposi cion) ere chiefly depf'i'.dcnt i:i-o:i ;iartieJe free fill i.np.. spet-.d (i.c. equiv.nlcnv Scol-.es' di.-.mter). Viter.': vi ih dciHui i .1 c.-.r ili.-m 3.5 f'/cc:-' and loss than 3.5 pin i'n <ii;:r.elev way escape di-por-iLi on by rln-vc- vwo iiii*cIi.i:i1m:s end poire rare rictvpJy into rhe lun;;n. Airluiinc v/ollasto.i i re fibers satisfy both chi: dcr.uicy anil fiber i!: aaier.er re'iulrcmcncs as staled above and may be considered potincinlly rt:Sj>i.rsbl ?.. . Heroic studies utilising fibrous particulare/! have indicated potent j.il adverse physi.oJo;;iea 1 effects.' One such animal sturly performed by hae rh&i.'n that cho fibrous structure of dirynutilo, with lengths of 2-3 pm, arc carcinogenic. VoUC conelmleil ihar fiber shape anil size was a more impin'lane factor in carcinogenesis than tv-ir.i: cp:it:':jjii.iiion. In another study cnndut t:ed by Pole, et.aJ.. ,5 il wat. <lvn.r.n:;Lraci.il that nt.lict fibruuo duel's, after incraperj ceneal iuji'.ettou Irii-j r.>ts, j.nuiic'.:d tumors cquiv.i Ji-tic cu Dial: produced by the i;;mc close of fibrous chrysotiJ e. A r.riuly purformi-il .by liefnor, el.al., .vliovnl a ceispar j son of i.lic relarlve races of Ii<'mulyu3.>: induced by various fjbrogenic and nuo-f ibrugt-n i c. parCi enJ .in:;; with ran ertlirocy iei> in vitro. Ac temptwere uuidu to nmiiiiutu the .ini.iinl of lii'm*) I yy. j :j of Ll>e cell wj Ml a variety of parr i.e.ula l.es (i.e., clirysni i ie, tale, kaolin, briuijic, ae.rinnl ice, ` wo.Uastoni te, llin-b'-Sil silii'a, etc.). Tin* pcrcenL of luasoglobi u nut reJ ear.ed fnna i: lies cells by Uenmlyniwas measured with a function of Lime. Pi.-sul Ls j.iidjeutf-d that only I:iI. -II--11. silica, chrytiut Ilf and wul 1 astnnit: were, all potentially lu-ian Iv r i r. Until cbrysot.Un and M!n-U*.';j.l sjllra have been shewn to be f i brnj'.i-n ic In vivo as well as hewiij yt.Lc In vitro by nunaiicruuH i lives 1.1 |;a- Fos-aa-a0aai i5<3 2594 (or;:, ln'iiri;, fur ihca*. I H) p.nl i vi 1.1l or .1 direct oof 1 1' 1.11 j on ln-UVi'n in I \*o J i bi'ii^piio:. i:: . md ill V i I i'ii houj 1 y.. 1 t a 1 :. Th. 1 hr,*.- . m: i o .11 t. j v i I v of i.v! I a.-.l mi 1 I 1' li.o; mil' boot! ov.i 111.1 l.od in vivo, liov.v.-- ( 11,,* l.o.-n l . ; j ^ |>ol fnl i.il n 1.111 1.1:; I on i tc j in l lie ........ r:m;.v: an l 11 1 oli l . 11 m-.l lor nilior 1 j l'i.i;;rii i C pari i 1. u;i 11 or.. The con-: nr. if>nr. imlioalr. .1 linotl for an op i ilomiolit,; i o . 1 ova 1 u.i i ion of I \i: rcJ .11 i on- It i p nl' o. .1 I, or c).`|,ormo | u u*o 1 1.1:11 1 iri j : o .t'.nr.r o( 1 hr r.r.all. \.Mi I; form and o:..p I ovnoiil r.l r.l; 1 l.i t V it. finild hr .nl v.: 111 .1.on 1o p, r ' a 0 I J -ii(i itnrhiil i l\ :;liuly. A:: .1 p,i: i | ,-m for I ho dolor1. on nlpop- 1I clll'on.o r T J ccCp. , iln: r.i.olio.i) :.l.in!v i.hioli r:i:: por t o a., V ,il in- I n 1 1 p.i.-o faciliiy Hr. Kir ii.Ci.cli! nitii Mafl!, I.Vi.- v,, 1 k I:, p.. r t .in ,, ,, ,0 jn Uriolior, ICGo o.w.ld be ill i 1 i/.ud . Thin r.l n.!y i no I n.'o.: .1 f'i '. ; , uniit v.'oi !:-- up (i.r. phy: ioal rr.ait; i n.r r i on.s , cliost rot.ni r;-..-no..;r:ra::. r I ori : 1 v r mi i.i {ir.ir.i::, pn Inanary lunrcjun l.o:;lr., etc.) C-inicor 1 nl on 1 j 1 ly- 1' i pi.-ri woriifcrr. (c in err. and miljorr.) i.'il h an as a ccmrri'i p.mip.^ i 1 imi.iJ. lli i 1 1 y-i.;:o -.0.. I.. . r\ in.-, / FOS-00-0000001160 2595 TAr.t.E 1 lnLerp.icft Corpora l.inn SUfittRY OF I'lIO CO^OTnATl':.::;1 (' 1 !-::nr-/cc) FOUi.'IJ IM A l/OLL.ASTOiMTL' KILT A.'IF) nil.!. s.-Minn 1.0 CAT 1 fiS optical (: i ctmscoi'Y A Of) *Vv T o L1 Fihe rs /rr l: i here > Mi nc 1st Level 0.35 0.26 ELECT ROM 111 cur. 5 CO!' V 1 o. oro): T n L .iT f i lie r s F i he r, > f i !>. >s / r r 5_i:ii.cr?ns. 1 . 14 0.3 3 Mi iic 2 n (i Level 1.4 K i n <r- ' ` 3rd Level 0.43 Hi 11 Rri i:i.i ry C r u r. !i : r 11 i 1 1 Secondary Crusher 40.4 70.0 Hill Dryer 35.0 . Mi 11 n a g <1 i ii q Opera Lions 20.5 . 0.9 0.3 25.5 41.0 .43.3 10.3 7.2 1 1 . 63 ii 161.2 ' X i 132.0 0.9 0.24 24 . 5 30.3 | 236.0 67.9 39.9 5.. 1 * Only fjiiers with diakltcrs less than jv5 microii:: AND LENGTHS LESS THAN 50 MICRONS WCRfi CCHUITF.D POS-00-000000iibx 2596 ]nti*v|ijco CorporaLion SIUviARY OF AI FCOFFF h'OU.ASTOX1 !TF Fir.i;P\ size DATA di;ti"rj'i]i\'cn i;y fli'cirod microscopy l: i b o r Mi'a s ii red 1) iu c te r Co tin l Med i a n (.) 0.25 Kongo (m) 0.1- 3.2 Ci eo me- trie S 1.1 ni1,i i-e lie v i ,i i.'i on Vcj i~ N4 Length- 2.0 o:-i-26.0 . 2.5 FOS-00-000!162 2597 TAlllC 3 Intcrpuce Corporation RESULTS OF TRACE iTJAI. AND FREE SILICA ANALYSIS WOLLASTON ITE Cull; ,iiul Settled Dust Sample;. r.d F- 1 o.r, r> ! 0.5 C -101 1.0 T ace l c ta 1 i'0/g Cr Co Tc !*i n !! i .. in 3.5 3.3 6060 107 0 7.0 1. 7 3.7 6.7 GG70 1020 lo- 7 . 4 4. 1 - 3510 9 3(1 - f. 6 P-4 0.5 1 .R 4.0 -'104 0 1020 3.0 9. G T roe Si 1 i ea - <3 <3 " " ;~3' P- 1 0.5 2.0 3.6 5030 nco 2.0 1 A . 0 <3 C- 1 10 0..5 2.0 3.6 5200 1050 3.0 _7_._3_ 0. 5 3.6 4.6 5340 990 4.0 4 . 5 <3 <3 11 1 .0 10.0 6.0 5900 1030 10.0 14.0 <3 ;______ l i *_____ FQS-c0-acaaceu63 I'ol 1js to n ite liiU 2599  .\-' v v:J.. ; FIGURE 2 Medical examination Card Interpace Corporation tJ li/l} TV '.TT MEDICAL EXAMItUTlOK o * r g ;i / FULL Niwi ><t IPH Or CM mm ,, i i -- n--- " / * s. j. ;*)__/-iMiKAiir.-aL A'P________________ ________ T t A /tL V f m . O A 1 < O # MVf M 4MQO*RO__________________Qt O }CC * 4 flty, V? Ayr._________ IfyMPMi; I* 4W* 2 A* ty 1 j , e-/ / C.) C -n, ,) /.iH1 COLO* Or tTji Q (aJ*J "tUwT (? -- / ClWCJtau Ar*C*1***Cg tlOM *?/ *U L^ i.;./.kimc }/ A*AN<T IX T *LL l<K C L*SO/ * 1 Q nr** ew*%si *>/ iMTCnifJ TTTT COLO* OLtMQ cttkt writ. I*-*.*. L2. ft c COttOif'C'C *-,-4 6lAMO* NCAOT IHf \J L- Afg t it* t) O'ASTOUC f //J / 7 * ot'ORMirws ^.w*i **C tal rr.r m. A**4T CNCIT r.KLM. I \* r,\ TUlTlClgS Tor/gio AlCQCSH rrir MTO<<C<CLS VaeiNii. fr X AM. MC*ft T *U* fio* m}moclo:*n ^____ U rjt - W ft LOCO SM*A i> * *, V A.'Ai'.-r. ~V* '* -i*! mVv ,"+* *1 ,'i-'AkM.**^k1Taai*Yw* SIGMA TVtf mlO*C*l i/aMin c * *r* _ a ._ * FQS-aa-eaaeaeiits 2600 FIGURE 3 Interpacc Corporation Wollastonite X-ray Spectra FQS-00-000000!166 2601 \ FIGURE 4 <;........ ........... ci Interpace Corporation :-t?p * <v m.r vi' ^y. ; ** A v>, V \* c' } \ y 'J> V..'*;-! < 'f " V r*S -r - /": :? 1 . / / / / * - /\ // ' \ \ \ (*> \ V** V C.:7 i i i . / } ; : v// & * t C'~ T.-.-v ry y / 1 .i-.*.~Wx ; ^ ;V> ' */ fc D' I*" J .H/ rv T- .* /*s ; * i C' N^<*k V ^ lr. V <* ,.. >^4. .* * *-<;r V "Kl r .-* v*.y V V . Li^ . .Wollastonite 2,000X`Magnification 1 micron FOS-00-0000001167 2602 Interpace Corporation Wollastonite 10,000 Magnification t---------- :------------- 1 micron I ki*f< . FOS-QQ-0QQ0Q0Ji$Q 2603