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PLEASE NOTE 1 No filter discs to replace in The New Bag Respirator No. 4 with Willson Long Life Bag Filter this new Willson Respirator A T T ERE at last is a respirator that does away with the bothersome ' -* -* practice of changing filter discs every hour or so wasting costly production time. No, 4 comes pretty dose to making the first cost the final one, its Willson Long Life Filter Bag outlasting several times its weight in ordinary, replaceable filter discs. The only care required is that, once or twice a week the long-life filter he given two or three short bursts from the mouth of a high-pressure air gun held within the bag. This blows out the greater part of the dust and keeps the lag effectively dean. Very light in weight the No. 4 Bag is extremely easy to wear because of its very large air filtering surface and the shape of the mask which is molded to fit the contours of the face. The shape of the filter bag and its off center joint to the face masks keeps the respirator out of the line of vision. It lies flat against the chest when the head is lowered and gives full vision underfoot. Please note above the" method oi obtaining airtight contact in the connection between the hag filter and the rubber face piece. The intake valve easing (G) is hold in place by metal screw ring IE). Tightening the screw ring seats, the intake valve easing firmly in the t.-it filter at tile front nml imbeds the back well into the rubber face mask. This design makes it Impossible for even the finest dust, to leak thru the clamping joint. No, 4. Bag Respirator is proving its ability on operations in high concentrations of silica, asbestos, lead and other poisonous dusts. It has, however, a broad use in many trades such as raining, foundries, quarries and potteries; brick, clay, glass products, paint: stone cutting, crushing, polishing and grinding; ceramic plants and dry mixing plants; also, workers mixing or applying silicate products such as frit, japan, lacquer, powdered glass, plaster, etc. Any one (if No. 4 Bag* exclusive features warrants a trial. Send for one today to test such advantages as Willson Long Life Filter; locked air passage between filter and mask; bag with .large filtering area entirely out nf line of vision and low breathing resistance; low upkeep expense by eliminating constant filter replacement. It is shaped differently but the filler bag of this respirator is pf a material similar to the Willson Bag Respirator No. 3, several thousand of which have been in use in many Industries in the two years it has been available. t1 I 11 9 I 11 WILLSON PRODUCTS INCORPORATED SECOND, WASHINGTON and THORN STREETS READING, PENNSYLVANIA Members; THE INDUSTRIAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT ASSOCIATION Represented in 13 Western States by E. D. Bullard Co,, 27S Eighth Street, San Francisco, with convenient branches and in Canada by Safety Supply Company--Toronto, Montreal and branches The NATIONAL SsAFKTY NKVVF U pm UtiiAt! nmnllth b\ lito Xqtjnntl. SlfM.Y f' ljucfl. JJP .V: =rd Drive, Chlrago, in Ycarl.s subscription {`rtce .00 y.-tunie XXX, Number <b BMered as sei-ond tnatwir June i, 1921 tfi* *i Chicago, !*, Motfor Hi* Act of March > iSi9, Additional entry at St. Joseph, Michigan. DECEMBER, 1934 COSTTHi OF SAFETY GLASS HAS BEEN REDUCED APPROXIMATELY # When L-O-F Safety Glass was first introduced as a commercial product, in 1929, the cost of having Safety Glass ALL-AROUND in a new sedan was approximately $100. In many cars it is now available, 1 fordered when the car is ordered, for as little as $7.50. (And only $5.00 in coupes.) This tremendous reduction in theeost to the car-owner has been effected by improved methods of manufacture, by increasing volume and by the continued co operation of motor car manufacturers. It has resulted in a very widespread demand for this greater protection. Anything that can be done to stimulate an even more general insistance on Safetv Class All-Around is surely in the interest of greater pub lic safetv. Libbey Owens-Ford Glass Company, Toledo, Ohio. IN THE PAST 5V4 YEARS Libbey-Owens-Ford SAFETY GLASS I NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Do you know how much can cost? When an eye is injured or lost, compensation is only and compensation for a lost eye commonly between $1800 and $3500. In addition, eye accident records show that hospital and medical expenses, loss of time and production, training of new men and administrative expenses add at least $4 to every $1 paid out directly for compensation. Eyes are expensive targets. AO goggles and AO eye protection services are helping The AO Saniglas is light--cool--comfortable , - . offers efficient protection against many different eye hazards. Super Armorplate lenses have greater impact resistance than any other standard lens. Side shields and frames are available with leather binding for high temperature work. hundreds of plants to safeguard workers' eyes--and save 12 to 15% of their insurance costs. There is an AO Branch Office near you from which you can obtain the right eye protection equipment for every job in the shop--at a moment's notice. The AO Indus trial Specialist stationed there will be glad mencan to work with you in every possible way to help make your safety program most effective. Send for him today. DECEMBER. 1931 ptical Company Manufacturer*, for more than i()o years, of product* to aid and preserve vision, factories at Southbridgc, Alavs. Branch ultices m all principal industrial centers in Canada, Consolidated Optical Co., Ltd., Toronto. 1352 National Safety News Published monthly in the interest of accident prevention and the health of industrial workers { j ...Ti,..,.,..,...... 7./...y. VOL. XXX, No. 6 ) 1 | 1.7.771,77711*7171.,Hy.Tr.7:,7,y.Try.\y7:,7;^.7i.::.7yyyyTTyT:?.-!!!}.>.'HJ77777775) CONTENTS for DECEMBER, 1934 Depression Dividends--Willard Swain ..................... .............................................. 9 How Can the Worker Prevent Falls?--Harry Guilbert........................................ 10 Miniature Voltages for Hazardous Locations--John M. Stewart....................... 12 Keep Them Interested--C. B. Boulet ........ ........................................... ,13 Our Town is Known for Its Safe Mill--F. L. Irvin............ 15 From Head to Foot--H. R. Bixler........................................ ............................... .... 17 Has He Been Drinking?---H. A. Heisc, M.D...................................................... .. .19 Simple But Hazardous--IK. T. Groner........................... ........................................21 Lighting the Motorist's Way--Paul H. Goodell................. ..........................23 An Aid to Management and Safety--R. D. Packard.............................................. 27 Medical Supervision of Workers Exposed to Dust--W. /. McConnell, M.D. . .34 Safe Handling of Chlorates and Perchlorates-- Industrial Data Sheet D-Chem 8............................. ................ ................... .. .38 Are Overloaded Trucks Hazardous?--O. J. Crommett............. ................ .. .48 Regular Departments Editorial ............................................................ 7 The Managing Director's Page ...................... 8 The Safety Exchange ..................................... 28 Safety Instruction Cards ................................. 30 Industrial Health ............................................34 The Bulletin Board ....................................... 40 The Safety Library ......................................... 58 Coming Events ....................................................... 58 Personals ................. 53 With the Manufacturer ...................................66 The Buyers Service ....................... 70 The Accident Barometer ................................. 72 Carman T. Fish, Editor G. M. Briggs, Associate Editor Stanley H. Kershaw, Poster Editor C. H. Miller, Advertising Manager Copyright 1934 by National Safety Council, Inc, Printed tn U.S.A, Published monthly Entered as second-class matter June 1, 1921. at the Post Office at Chicago, 111,, under the act of March 3. 1879. Additional entry at St. Joseph, Mich. The subscription price to members for extra copies of the NATIONAL SAFETY NEW-' is $4.00 per year. Single copies, 40 cents. Reduced quantity prices for yearly subscrip tions and single copies on request. Subscriptions are available only to members of the National Safety Council. Member Audit Bureau of Circulation. This magazine Is indexed In the Industrial Arts Index. Statements and opinions advanced In signed articles are to be understood as individual expressions of their authors, not those of the National Safety Council. National Safety Council, Inc. /Cooperative--Von-Commereial--Son-Political--Son-Sectarian J 20 North Wackcr Drive. Chicago, U. S. A. New York Office, 9 East 41st Street Office of the Education Division. 1 Park Ave.. New York Cbv 4 National Safety Council Officers, 1934H935 John E. Long, President. Robert I. Catlin, Vice-President for Public Safety D. D. Fennell, Vice-President for Pub lic Relations Lsw R, Palmer, Vice-President for Safety Councils Albert S. Regula, Vice-President for Engineering C. \V. Smith, Vice-President for Indus trial Safety R. T. Solensten, Vice-President for Membership Cassius H. Watson, M.D., Vice-President for Health Albert W. Whitney, Vice-President for Education William E. Worth, Vice-President for Finance and Treasurer W. H. Cameron, Secretary and Manag ing Director Executive Committee Members at Large The Above Officers and: A. L. Armstrong, Eastman Kodak Co. T, H. Carrow, Safety Section, Associa tion of American Railroads. .1. E. Culliney, Bethlehem Stee! Corp. Harry Guilbert, The Pullman Co. G. T. Hellmuth, Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad Co. Thomas P. Kearns, industrial Commis sion of Ohio. Thomas H. MacDonald. U. S. Bureau of Public Roads Edward J. Mehren, Portland Cement Association Harold L. Miner, E. I. duPont de Ne mours & Co. George . Sanford, General Electric Co. Harry A. Schultz, United States Steel Corp. George H. Warfel, Union Pacific Rail road Safety Council Representatives Clarence P. Taylor, Massachusetts Safety Council Walter Dent Smith, Delaware Safety Council C. E. Ralston, Western Pennsylvania Safety Council D. L. Fennell, Kansas City Safety Council Robert L. Schmitt, Louisville Safety Council R. B. Fortuin, Lehigh Valley Safety Council Franklin M. Kreml, Evanston Safety Council Sectional Representatives Capt. E. W. Fiske. Jr., Marine F. W. Braun, Wood Products Harold G. Hoffman, Street and High way Traffic Merle C, Hale, Automotive and Machine Shop I. W. Millard, Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers Lester D. Seymour, Aeronautical J. A. Voss, Metals Past Presidents Robert W. Campbell Arthur T. Morey Lew R. Palmer David Van Schaack* Ralph C. Richards* Charles P. Tolman Arthur H. Young Marcus A. Dow Lewis A. DeBlois Carl B. Auel Charles B. Scott Walter G. King Homer E. Niesz* Lt.-Col. Henry A. Reninger C. Eugene Pettibone Carl W. Bergquist James I. Banash Peenased Honorary Members Robert W. Campbell Association of Iron & Steel Electrical Engineers Arthur Williams SAFET SERVICE _Announcing a new Model DAVIS AIR LINE MASK equipped with Single Inhalation Tube LisFed Qi Permitiible by U, S, Burtau of Mints, Approval No, 1902 Your copy of Bulletin No. 604 describing Type DSi Davis Air Line Mask will be sent on request. j This new model is exactly the same, in all details of construction, as the Type BLS which has received such wide acceptance--except that this new model has a single inhalation tube over eft shoulder instead of tubes over both shoulders. DECEMBER, 1934 s'' DAVIS EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT CHICAGO, ILL. .. NEW YORK crry . HOUSTON, TEX. DAVIS EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT CO., I.'t)., su, LAID OFF FOR 10 DAYS- lava soap could have prevented it How Lava helps prevent infections in those too `Small- to - bother- about cuts Ideally, of course, every skin abrasion--no matter bow minor-- should be taken to the Medical Department for attention. But you know how hard that rule is to enforce, A certain percentage of workers just won't take every minor nick and cut seriously. Usually dirt gets into them. Infection often follows. Lava gets ALL the grime in a jiffy ... The next best thing to 100% compliance with the rule is to make sure that workers' hands get really clean. And Lava Soap does just that. Regardless of the kind of dirt or grime that your workers get on their hands. Lava gets it off in less than a minute. Here's how Lava works. First, its thick heavy lather takes the surface dirt. Then its pumice--so fine and powdery that it can not injure the skin--gets all the ground-in dirt. All the while glycerine and other soothing oils in Lava protect the skin, actu ally help heal up little nicks and scratches. Lava is germicidal . . . And Lava kills germs. Tests show that as a preventive against many deadly barJteria, Lava is several times as effective as carbolic acid. We believe that you will find--as many plants have--that your use of Lava Soap plant-wide will reduce your rate of h aul infections. You'll find Lava economical, too--it lasts 3 times as Song as ordinary soap. Works well in any water--hot or cold, hard or soft. It will pay you to investigate this easy method of reducing lost time from preventable infections. TAKES THE DIRT . . . PROTECTS THE SKIN t Procter gfc Gamble Product FREE...LAVA Safety Director* of leading industrial plant* in till part* of the country iuve requested these poster* and are now on ojr mailing list. A new set of poster* t* madcd out every two month*. They are your# merely by filling out and mailing this txiupon to Procter & Gamble Co., Dept. LNS-U4, Box 1801, Cincinnati, Ohio. SAFETY POSTERS Name____________ ______________ ____ * " ~ ... Company..... --.-------- ---------------- Citv rits.t* Number Pinters Wanted.--,.______ Would be fnreresfec/ In Prices Pmflnirr "* fcsfctytvtMwoomiu NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS National Safety News Published by National Safety Council, Inc. DECEMBER. 1934 Vol. XXX, No. 6 We Need Christmas HE world needed humanizing when Christ was born. Rome had established a world empire by military power and a hard-boiled, efficient organization. In a remote province of this empire was a theocracy ruled by a priestly class interested chiefly in preserving the empty forms of a religion whose spirit they had killed. Christianity proved to be more than merely a new sect. It taught a new appreciation of human values and brought hope to those who were outside the established social order. The world has had many great teachers who were of other creeds. From the standpoint of personal character, Epictetus will not suffer by comparison with Saint Augustine. The writings of Marcus Aurelius present a code of ethics and a concept of individual responsibility which are unsurpassed in any faith. The calm detachment of the Stoic philosophers tnav even seem refreshing in contrast with the dogmatic bitterness of theologians. But philosophy is not for the masses. Few people are interested in the contemplation of virtue in the abstract. But they can understand the simplicity and directness which Jesus displayed in talking with his followers. Stoicism taught a lofty ideal of duty but emotionally it was sterile. The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius are full of sublime thoughts but to most persons they seem dull and didactic. Where among the writings of the philosophers can we find anything to compare with the simple and appealing story of the Nativity as told by Luke? Mere philosophical speculation cannot warm the human heart. Christianity did not overlook the material welfare of the individual. Much of the ministry of Jesus was devoted to the healing of minds and bodies. Whatever later theologians may have taught, the original spirit of Christianity implies that life is more than preparation for the hereafter. The safety movement is a most practical phase of Christianity. We cannot imagine the conservation of the individual receiving much consideration under any system which fostered a passionless and fatalistic contemplation of the eternal truths. In spite of the shortcomings of its fol lowers. Christianity is dynamic and essentially human. It presents a well balanced ideal of both material and spiritual development. Some things should not be rationalized too completely, and Christmas is one of them. A certain amount of mystery is good for the soul. Christmas fills a real need in uncovering generous feelings which find too little chance for expression under the stresses of life. Ten Million Safe Hours i ' \ XLY a few years ago one million man-hours without \ f a disabling injury was considered an utter impossi bility. But that mark in safety progress was reached long ago and succeeding years have seen new records established. Now the ten-million mark has been passed. On November 1 the Western Clock Company had operated 10,029,681 DECEMBER, 1934 safe man-hours, and at the time of going to press no injury had been reported. Behind this record are all the elements that are recognized as essential in an effective safety program. There has been inspiration from the front office, intelligent supervision, and whole hearted cooperation from the men and women on the job. The management has recognized its responsibility in providing a safe and orderly plant, the foremen have trained and watched over those under them, and the workers have responded to these influences. There has been little of the spectacular in the safety program. But there has been more than thirty years of painstaking and well directed effort which has gathered momentum with the years. But in spite of the number of records that have been established recently, there is still recognition for the small plant that completes its first year without a disabling injury. The Honor Roll of the National Safety Council is open to any plant or department which exceeds the reasonable minimum of 400.000 man-hours or 200 working days without a lost-time case. In This Issue DIVIDEND of ISO per cent? No, this is not quoted i. front a stock-selling circular of other days. It was the actual return which the California & Hawaiian Sugar Corp. received on its investment in safety. (Page 9). The first step in preventing falls is the correction of physical hazards by the management. But after that has been taken care of. the individual has a certain responsibility. To find out what the Pullman workers thought about the prevention of falls. Harry Guilbert canvassed the system and received many interesting thoughts on the subject. (Page 10). Prehistoric man depended on his own alertness for self preservation: his pampered descendents depend upon the police department and other safeguards established by or ganized society. So the safety director lies awake nights to think up new ways of keeping men interested in what should be one of their primary interests. (Page 13). Woodland. Maine, has become known as "The Safety Town," because of the exceptional record of its only industry, The St. Croix Paper Company. This company has operated three years without a disabling injury and has won the grand trophy of The Paper Industry for two consecutive years. (Page 15). Every analysis of serious injuries reveals many that could have been prevented by the wearing of protective clothing. Manufacturers provide equipment much better than that available a few years ago and they are still improving their products. (Page 17). A motorist may be able to say, "It's a bra' bricht moonlicht nicht." but that won't satisfy the police. New scienti fic tests eliminate guesswork in determining a driver's absorption of alcohol. (Page 19). Even the ancients had accidents with hand tools. Ar chaeologists have dug up chisels with mushroomed heads. (Page 21). 8 The Managing Director's Page Safety's New Deal A LMOST everything in America is now in the process \.of being remolded nearer to somebody's heart's desire. Many of these plans will eventually be realized but their optimistic sponsors will be disappointed at the slowness with which their hopes are fulfilled. We in the Safety Movement have found out that public thought and action cannot be changed radically over night. It took centuries of infiltration of humane ideas before our barbarous penal codes were modified. Our progress in all the social sciences has been correspondingly slow. This is not surprising when we consider that right up to our own generation illiteracy has been widely prevalent. Unfortun ately, we have many of the ethically illiterate in our social order, as well as those who have never grown up mentally and emotionally. These types complicate our problem of living together. They are not criminals nor mental defectives in the usual sense of the term but they are none the less a problem. The world seems to be proceeding toward recovery by the trial and error method. Progress has been slow and dis appointing. Many people become bitter and disillusioned when they find that glittering formulas and catch words can not take the place of uninspiring drudgery. And we may be sure that any effort to remold the world according to our heart's desire will run up against the inborn dislike of human beings at being remolded according to someone else's notions. Yes, we've been through these ex periences in our efforts to induce people to correct totally unnecessary hazards and act with due consideration for themselves and their fellow humans. INTERESTING ITEMS The National Safety Council is making a study of state law, relating to hours of driving for commercial vehicle operators, and this is being supplemented by a field study by two members of the Headquarters staff. The findings of this study will be published as one of the Council's standard publications early in the new year. Committees have recommended that a National Traffic Safety Contest again be organized among cities of the United States for 1935. The Third Annual Contest, which ends December 31, has proved once more the value of this contest. Members of the Council at the Cleveland Congress unanimously passed a resolution calling upon President Roosevelt to hold a Governor's Conference at Washington on the national accident problem, with particular emphasis upon automobile accidents. Preliminary preparations for such a meeting are now under way. * The influence of the increasing use of alcohol on accidents is giving concern to many people. The Council has undertaken a national study of the effect of alcoholic indulgence on motor-vehicle driving. The publicity given to this particular phase of our acci dent problem will be augmented by a national program of publicity to be started during December. The patient efforts of successive generations will probably be needed to attain the goal of universal safety but we have already seen what can be done with our limited resources. I am presenting here a blueprint of what I would like to see under a "new deal" for safety. 1. Responsibility. The manufacturer of every com modity has a distinct obligation to the public which pur chases his products. Every device placed on the market, from washing machines to giant locomotives, should bear the seal of some disinterested agency, guaranteeing it against defects in design or workmanship which would result in injury to the user. Many people, it is true, are influenced in their buying when a product bears the seal of acceptance of Underwriters Laboratories, Good Housekeeping Institute, or the American Medical Association. Unfortunately, few purchases are made with safety in mind and manufacturers feel there is no de mand for this factor. That is a flimsy excuse. Advertising copywriters have made the public demand certain products for trivial and often imaginary merits. Safety has a stronger appeal than most of them realize. A few years ago, when the railroads introduced steel cars and advertised their safety, the public soon came to demand them. 2. Education. All formal education, from kindergarten to college, should train the individual to adapt himself to rapidly changing living conditions, especially those created by fast moving vehicles and machinery. We may deplore the emphasis placed upon speed but we cannot prevent its development. Present speeds will be multiplied in the years to come. The Safety Movement must recognize this inevit able fact and adapt itself to changing conditions. I believe that the operation of an automobile should be taught in every high school. The competent youths can be taught correctly before they are turned loose on the streets, and the hopeless drivers can be detected and labeled. Along with the mechanical side of motor-vehicle operation boys and girls should be taught their responsibilities in traffic. 3. Recognition. The employer who conducts his business with due regard for the health and safety of his employees is deserving of the highest honors the public can bestow. Perhaps the most practical form of recognition would be increased patronage. Many companies have found that successful safety work has been a powerful influence for good will in the factory community. In the future a product manufactured without accidents will have a powerful appeal to prospective customers throughout the country. 4. Government's Part. The protection of the public on the highways and in public places is recognized as an essential function of government. This involves the employment of engineering skill in overcoming physical hazards, the exercise of police powers where necessary, and education, supervision and control generally of those who use these public places. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 9 HE Plant Engineer sat gloomily alert to his opportunities he would have Tin his office after a conference in which the vital need for further gone to the Office Manager and taken a look at the records. He'd have gone drastic economy had been revealed.toInthe trouble to dig up statistics cover came the Safety Engineer. ing a period of years. From these he "Chief, that new installation works could have measured exactly the value beautifully but we need some guards of the money that had been spent for around the lower end of it to cover that safety in the plant. exposed gearing and beiting. It's dan Such an investigation was recently gerous the way it is." made by the California and Hawaiian "What will it cost?" demanded the Sugar Refining Corporation. From fig plant engineer. ures thus revealed it is certain that the "About two hundred dollars." safety engineer of that company will "Too much! It will have to be done have no such difficulties as those de for a lot less or not at all. We've been scribed in the hypothetical case above. sinking too much money for safety Industrial organizations accept as a around here, from which we never get matter of course an expenditure to pro any returns. We've got to cut expenses." tect their employees at work. Most of "But Chief! You can't save money this money ordinarily is spent for acci by exposing your operators to injury. If dent insurance. A much smaller sum is a man were to lose so much as a finger usually spent for safety training and in that machine it would cost us five safety equipment. times as much as a complete set of Insurance costs money. So do safety guards." training and safety equipment. Even "But the chances are none of the men though both may be of inestimable bene will lose a finger!" thundered th? Plant fit they are both considered by account Engineer, "Don't bother me now! I've ants as items of expense. As items of got enough to worry about without you expense their reduction is the aim of coming around talking about men losing any alert management. But how go their fingers." about it? The Safety Engineer left the. office The California and Hawaiian Sugar restraining with difficulty his disgust. Refining Corporation has been playing Such incidents were not unusual. The these two costs against each other and Safety Engineer had come to accept as finding it highly profitable. During a matter of course a policy of opposition years in which profitable investments to his plans. have been almost non-existent this sugar Yet had the Safety Engineer been company within its own refinery has found places where dollars could be spent that would yield not simply a conservative 4 per cent but instead have poured forth such glamorous figures as ISO per cent. Initiative was the principal require ment to develop these sources of profit. Let us reduce this initiative to terms of dollars. In the six years ending 1933 the company spent for safety devices and training $9,906.62 more than in the six years ending 1927. Officials of the Company got their heads together and went to the trouble to spend this addi tional sum in a careful way. What did the $9,906.62 worth of initiative buy? In addition to preventing a large amount of lost working time it brought a reduc tion of $24,928.24 in net cost of insur ance for the six years ending 1933 as compared to the six years ending 1927. The dividends dear and above all ex pense were $15,021.62. The story behind this saving is worth the telling. About 1922 the company completed a program of modernization and enlargement of its plant at Crockett, California. When finished, the refinery was not only the largest of its kind in existence but it was the most complete and modern from a technical stand point. Aside from the principal con sideration which was to erect a highly efficient refinery, another important con sideration was that there would be in corporated into the plant the safest (Please turn to page 64} DECEMBER, 1934 10 How Can the Worker Bv HARRY Director of Safety, "Have one first-class tumble and you'll never fall again," was one of the proposed remedies. What does the worker really think about falls? Accord ing to this symposium, he actually does think. As might be expected, some of the ideas are practical, some are rather fantastic, but all of them are interesting. VERY human being has undoubt 1 edly suffered a more or less se- - ` vere fall at some time during his life. Therefore, it occurred to me that the personal experiences of the men and women in the Pullman organization would furnish some interesting sidelights on one of industry's most perplexing and costly accident problems. To get the shews of individual workers we bulletined every point in the country, offering cash rewards for the best letters on the subject, ``What the worker can do to prevent falls," Th's was followed up with a letter to every Pullman em ployee. and this article is a summary of replies from superintendents, fore men, leaders, clerks, conductors, porters, shop men, male and female car cleaners, laundry workers, laborers, seamstresses and maids. Some of the letters were written with the grammatical finesse and well-organ ized thought of college professors; others contained practical ideas expressed on paper with obvious difficulty. From this mass of correspondence we com piled a human document. The pre ponderance of evidence seems to indicate that the majority of falls are due to errors of omission or commission, and that with reasonable diligence falls can be prevented. Our collaborators went a step further and prescribed the medi cine, Again opinions differed, but the majority revealed a keen understanding of the problem. The letters abound in human interest. To paraphrase a famous advertising slogan, if you want to find out about falls, "ask the man who has had one." One letter in particular impressed me. The writer said while crossing the tracks he jumped from the car steps, landing on a steam box which broke under the impact. All the bones in his left instep were broken. A rusty spike penetrated the other foot. This poor chap under went 25 operations and visited the doctor S40 times. Both legs had to be ampu tated. Today he wears artificial legs just because, as he frankly says, "I didn't take the time to go around the right way." In anticipating some unique replies, we were not disappointed. Some of the recommendations are rather humorous, but we appreciate them because they were offered in good faith. One contributor states, "Talking while walking backwards is a common cause of falls." We cannot vouch for this be cause we have never tried the stunt. "Keep sober and you will never fall" was advised by another writer. His solution disagrees with the familiar proverb that "God takes care of fools and drunkards." Another author says. "Rubber-necking is extremely danger ous." We might add that any form of "necking" is somewhat hazardous. An other avers. "If we keep our eyes on the ground 30 feet ahead of us, we need have no fear of falling." Corns, bunions, callouses and im properly trimmed toenails are all listed in a microscopic examination of our well-known "dogs." Broken arches, too, weak ankles, and that aggravating afflic tion called the "trick knee"----the bane of football players. Now, when folks take th*' trouble to mention such things. one is led to believe that they have a better understanding of the subject than we realize. One sincere gent insists that when we walk we do not pick up our feet high enough; we "shuffle along." Another fellow says, "we lift our feet too high, which causes stumbles and tumbles." Who is wrong? The high steppers or the shufflers? Take your choice. "Go to bed before ten o'clock and you will not fall" counsels another, who adds that we should keep away from evil places. Many communications reflect a deep spiritual sense, and I am not quoting them flippantly. "When the spirit is Falls on icy steps and walkways can be prevented by the use of sand, cinders or salt. infected with willful and malicious sin through such media as philandering, liquor, cigarets, incorrect eating and sleeping, we do not think properly and therefore we fall down," writes another Pullman man. "Put your trust in God and He will take care of you," urges another, a dear lady whose method of preventing Pullman employees from fall ing is to pray for them. Another chap would make falling un lawful. He recommends a stiff jail sentence for anyone who falls or is the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 11 Prevent Falls? GUILBERT The Pullman Company cause of others falling--rather tough on the "fall guy." One gentleman recommends daily practice in tip-toeing which, he states, will develop grace of movement. Those who follow his instructions will never fall from grace. I would be afraid to recom mend this method to Pullman men be cause none of them have much regard for male adagio dancers. Another writes, "Thy feet hold the secrets of the sin of falling," and lists the following Bible quotation which, while apropos, will never be endorsed by safety shoe manufacturers --- "Thy toes shall be of iron and brass." (Deu teronomy, 33:25). A porter with leanings toward the ology offers the following: "He will give his angels charge over thee and they will bear thee up lest thou dash thy foot against the stone." This must refer to colored angels who, in the guise of porters, act as bodyguards to millions of Pullman patrons annually. Another suggests that each one of us should have a first - class tumble and live to tell about it. "Do it just once," he says, "and you will never fall again." We have listed one g oup of letters as the "banana peel series." These com munications have to do with little things left on the floors -- pencils, fountain pens, jackstraws, matches, nails, mar bles. toys and a host of small objects that are often unnoticed. A case is cited wherein a good lady broke her ankle when she skidded on a small seedless grape. Unseen wet spots and grease are also included in this category. Johnny dropped a little castor oil when trying to swallow it too quickly. A few minutes later dad skids on the colorless fluid, falls and breaks his contract. The lesson Be in bed before 10:00 o'clock anil you won't fall. of good housekeeping is everywhere apparent, also the extreme importance of watching out for little things. Getting in and out of bed too quickly is listed by several as a cause of many falls. One serious gentleman asserts that. "Nothing much can be done about this falling business because folks are born that way, and if they haven't a sense of equilibrium when they arrive on this sphere, it is just too bad. They are simply out of balance." Astonishing as it may seem, the drab subject of this article inspired some with poetic muse and resulted in many out bursts in verse and song. Their efforts are pretty good considering the theme. When one is loaded down with bundles pedestrianism becomes a hazardous procedure. Another friend tells us that "While all the laws of the cosmic realm are in tact and hermetically sealed against man's interference, he nevertheless man ages to break them." He insists that we "Listen to the hidden voice within" and summarizes with this interesting paragraph: "Let us through our sense of sight obey the injunction `Look' there by making our way safe. Then let us apply our emergency brake `Stop' and our reward will be life, and upon the great musical keyboard, let us heed the vibration of the beautiful note `Listen'." Please page the Kingfish. Another recommends the reading of the Ten Commandments and the Sermon on the Mount as a remedy for falls which, in his judgment, "Are but the workings of the stern law of Divine Com pensation. Past m'sdeeds must be ac counted for," he writes, and there was a nice little personal touch in his con cluding sentence: "God bless you for your efforts, Air. Guilbert. Perhaps some day you will turn your mind to spiritual thoughts." Ouch! The replies as a whole reveal an in telligent grasp of the subject and a keen insight into human nature. For ex ample: The underlying reason for falls while getting on and off trains. Most people place the blame on the trains, car steps or step boxes; but our porters in their answers point out the real cause -- excitement. The thrill of meeting loved ones; the joy of watching for smil ing faces when we should be watching (Please turn to page 52) DECEMBER, 1934 12 Miniature Voltages lor Hazardous Locations By JOHN M. STEWART Electrical and Power Plant Engineer, McCormick Works, International Haruester Company, Chicago in changing a broken bulb in an extension cord. The only serious case occurred on 110 volts, the current passing through the man from his right ear to his left hand. His ear was in contact with the frame of the punch press against which rested a live conductor and his left hand was grasping an air pipe. Every safety or electrical engineer has When an electrical circuit is known similar cases, and there is scarcely a plant employing an electrical depart completed through a wet con tact more than 12 volts is dangerous. The Inter ment wherein every day at least one member of the department does not get some part of his anatomy in a iow volt age circuit. national Harvester Company About fifteen years ago in one of our has found 6 volts satisfactory for portable lights under such conditions plants, a repair man inspecting the in terior of a boiler received a severe shock from the 220 volt extension he was using. As usual in this kind of work, the boiler was warm, the man scantily clothed, and wet with sweat. Probably a rather large HERE is a general belief among area of his body was in contact with Telectricians and those in allied trades that voltages of 110 to 220 the boiler drum. With the lighting sys tem in use he could not have had more are not particularly dangerous and thcan 110 volts to ground but it was produce fatal shock only under `'extra enough to paralyze everything but his ordinary" conditions. To the mechanic voice. He used this to such good effect this usually means a "weak heart." A that his helper outside the boiler saw his study of the annual reports of the de predicament and freed him by pulling the partment of gas and electricity of any extension cord. city will show the fallacy of this belief. The chief steam engineer demanded In Chicago during 1933 there were rather bitterly that the electrical depart four deaths officially reported from 220 ment do something about it. The elec volts or less. There were five in 1932, trical department foremen--old timers-- five in 1931 and three in 1930. We have told the chief that his gang "couldn't no means of knowing the number of near take it," or words to that effect in the fatalities that were not reported to the slang of 1918-19, The argument con department. tinued until the electrical engineer in At McCormick works during the past charge decided to run an actual test to few years we have had several cases see the voltage at which a man could where men were tied up on 220 volts but make his muscles function if he were were released from the circuit before partly immersed in water. Rough test resuscitation was necessary. There was apparatus was set up, consisting of a also one case where, artificial respiration variable transformer, galvanized bucket, was applied for an hour before the and a hand electrode. One side of the patient was in condition to be removed transformer secondary was attached to to the hospital. These cases were not the water pail and the other to the in particularly hazardous locations. electrode. They occurred in shops, engine rooms, The hard boiled electrical department sub-stations, etc., and generally occurred were then invited to step up and try it. The subject grasped the electrode with his left hand and endeavored to pick up a small object from the bottom of the bucket with his right hand. As I re member it, the test was tried on four men, and the conclusions were that a man could take only from 12 to 20 volts under these conditions and retain control of his muscles. We decided that six volts would be safe beyond question and adopted this as standard for such loca tions. Recently we have held another series of tests, a little more elaborate than those just mentioned, and covering 18 men. These tests were conducted under the supervision of S. W. Johnson, M.D., whose opinion is as follows: The obvious conclusion of this series of experiments to determine the voltage at which unsafe, uncontrolled muscular contraction takes place when an electrical circuit is completed through a wet contact is that, regardless of the general health of the man, anything over 12 volts is extremely dangerous. At that voltage, even those in the best physical condition com plain of contractions in their hands, arms and shoulders which they could control only with real difficulty. It must also be borne in mind that these tests were made with the patient expecting an elec trical reaction. Certainly, where shock is un expected, it is reasonable to assume that the muscular reactions would be greater and would include the normal defense reactions of pulling away from the source of the shock. This substantiates earlier rough tests and confirms the practice we have fol lowed during the past IS years, that ail repair men working inside boilers, man holes, catch basins, sewers, tanks or other locations where a large area of the body may be exposed to ground connections, must use six-volt extension lights. The extension light equipment con sists of a SO or 75-watt 220 to 6 volt transformer. In boiler rooms these trans formers are made a part of the lighting installation, and no other extension lights, except the six-volt, are allowed in the boiler rooms. There is some chance that these six-volt extensions might be (Please turn to page 32} NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 13 Keep Them Interested ByC. B. BOULET Insurance and Safety Department, Wisconsin Public Service Carp. i NY discussion of ways of maini\ taining interest in safety is sure ,_L 3L to be classed as ``old stuff!" Certainly, it is an old problem, but there are, I believe, new solutions to this problem. Before attempting to discuss the how of maintaining interest, let us try to analyze the wltyT Why is it necessary t.o maintain interest? Why need any one urge men to be careful or keep them interested in being careful? In the beginning safety was a purely selfish activity. The Paleolithic and Neolithic man knew for certain one thing; if he was to survive, he must keep safe from the dangers which sur rounded him. Sharing the forests with wild animals, early man had time to think only of self preservation. There was no culture, no amusements, no thought of the future or of the past. Protection was the prime need, and to fulfill this need our ancestors fashioned crude weapons from stone. When these weapons seemed to be inadequate pro tection, early man did not hesitate to do the expedient thing to insure his safety. He took to the trees or sought refuge in dark caves. Self preservation --safety--in those days was the only activity of man. Yes, the problem of safety is old, as old as the human race. The need to maintain safety interest is not so old. Why has there been a change? Why has the only interest of prehistoric man been relegated to a place in modern civilization where it is only too often ignored? Man has always been inherently selfish. He is interested in those things which without question affect him. Early man could not afford to forget safety. His existence depended on his own carefulness. Today man is pro tected to a great extent by society. Police protect his property and his life. Laws give him certain rights and certain activities that he can pursue safely. As a result, man no longer feels the need of spending all his time giving thought to his protection. He now pursues his occupation, drives his car, attends the movie, listens to the radio, plays golf, and otherwise lives without a thought of self preservation. These many interests have so diverted his mind from the need of preventing acci dents that it has become more and more necessary to so stimulate and so arouse him that he will not fall victim to an accident which the same complex society which has pampered him, creates. Our problem today is to discover the best stimulants for our present pamper ed individual. Wlio is the Key Man? For just a moment I would like to refer back to the previous two talks. I want to say emphatically that responsi bility for maintaining interest in safety lies with the supervisory force. Show me the superintendent and foreman who are sincerely interested in safety and I will show you a crew or a shop where the men are interested in safety and where the accident curve is below the normal. First of all. then, in order to keep the man on the job interested, it is abso lutely necessary to keep his immediate superior interested. Some of the means of accomplishing this have already been discussed. I would like to mention one additional item that we have found useful and practical. Each month we send to every foreman and supervisor our Safety News-Letter. This news-letter contains such information as description of acci dents, seasonal hazards, excerpts from minutes of safety meetings, timely sug gestions, etc. The information is so designed as to give our supervisory people the proper background to direct valuable discussions in safety meetings. Every safety effort, if successful, must ultimately affect the "man on the job." # Primitive man depended on his own alertness to stay alive. Modern man depends on the police and other de fenses set up by society. Our problem today is to find stimulants for these pam pered individuals. It is the man on the job who makes or breaks the safety record. It is use less, therefore, to inaugurate or continue any effort that does not finally influence this key man in the safety program. It is the failure to fully appreciate this fact that has caused accident pre vention efforts oftentimes to fall short of their mark. Take the safety meeting for instance: Is your safety meeting a meeting of, by and for the man on the iob, or is it rather an hour set aside for the superintendent or foreman to show his importance? Is it a time when the men discuss their problems, or is it mere ly an opportunity for a brilliant, or not so brilliant, oratorical demonstration by one of the supervisory force? The safety meeting should afford an opportunity for men and supervisors to discuss and settle those problems, the solution of which is vital to accident prevention, if the conference method is the secret of supervisory training, it can also be made the answer to success ful training of the man on the job. Make the safety meeting his meeting. Let him do the talking. Respect his opinions, and, where necessary, diplo matically direct them. Will They Read Your Posters? Is your bulletin board an integral part of your accident prevention pro gram? Or, is it merely a display of numerous posters, letters, bulletins, orders, reports and miscellaneous ma terial that no man will take the time to read? Poster service should be given the attention it deserves by someone who is personally responsible for it. I feel that not more than one poster should be displayed at one time, but that that poster should be selected with the ut most care and to serve a definite pur pose. Poster service should be closely coordinated with the balance of the safety program. It should carry mes sages that tie in with the men's own _ individual experiences. Poster service should be alive, as should the entire safety program. Were you so unfortunate as to have an injury due to a fall? If so. naturally the matter of falls, and their causes, was DECEMBER, 1934 14 discussed in your next safety meeting. Did you also display simultaneously, posters relating to this subject? If you did not, you nnssed an oppo. (unity to definitely create in the minds of your employees a safety consciousness that would go a long way to p.event similar accidents in the future. In making use of the bulletin board, much can be accomplished with socalled homemade posters. The attrac tive display of a shattered goggle, a sketch or blue print showing conditions under which a recent accident occurred, photographs that personalize the safety suggestion, a letter signed by the presi dent or general manager carrying a safety message or a newspaper item re ferring to a safety record or a re__nt accident ail help to make the bulletin board a center of interest rather than merely a collector of dust, soot and cobwebs. Posters should of course be changed often, and the board should be conspicuously located and well lighted. A tremendous amount of good can be accomplished through visual education by means of the bulletin board, or the accident prevention program can be labeled as out-of-date, time worn and musty by carelessness in this, the show window of the safety department. Field Supervision Accident prevention must be woven into the fiber of the modern industrial organization. It cannot be laid over regular operations like veneer, or spread like frosting on a cake. It must be serious, sincere and practical. In order to keep safety a recognized part of every' operation, careful supervi sion is necessary. It has been our exper ience that adequate safety supervision cannot be given to the foreman alone. In our organization plan, we supple ment the foreman's efforts with the service of a safety engineer. It is his responsibility to attend safety meetings, be with the men on the job as frequently as possible, assist in the investigation of accidents, and in general act in an advisory capacity on aii matters per taining to safety. His visits to all de partments, while periodical, are not on a regular set schedule. He can be ex pected at any time, at any plac:-. He is a practical man who has had practical experience and can talk the language of the man on the job. His contacts tire direct with both the foreman and the men. I believe this constant con tact, with discussions of hazards and unsafe practices, does much to maintain a live interest in safety work. It helps "'FOREMAN says to BILL By W. W. WILLIAMS UQILL. do you think our safety D committee fully understands its job? That last report was devoted al most entirely to physical hazards. "Sure, they're important but how about the unsafe practices? Why not give them some attention too? You know and I know that you can hardly walk through a plant this size without seeing some fellow inviting injury through un safe methods of work. What are you fellows doing about that? "Plant morale is the thing that will put your safety ideas across. You be lieve there is a real need for the com mittee, don't you? And it thrives when there is plenty of work to be done. Well, your big job is to maintain interest, and you'll have to do it without us killing somebody every week. "A tough job? Sure it is, but it can be done. In these troublesome times, the committee is the best of all mediums for promoting a better relationship be tween the men and the management. It can render a real service to both of them and it would be a crime to fall down on the job. "Bill, your big job is education and stimulation of interest." develop that safety consciousness in each employee that makes him ask be fore starting any job, "Is it safe?" "How can it be made safe?" It is imperative that no serious acci dent go without investigation that defi nitely iocates the cause, the responsi bility. and makes positive recommenda tions on ways to eiiminate similar acci dents in the future. These investigations must be fair, but at the same time, must be thorough and uncompromisng. They must de velop definite conclusions and these con clusions must be made known. To illustrate: I recall a certain com pany with a rather high frequency. Investigation of accidents on that par ticular property seems to have one ob jective-- idame no one." In cases of fatalities, lull responsibility is usually placed on the deceased. In other serious accidents the cause is usually found to have been "unavoidable.'' Accidents continue. Why? The reason is self evident. It is an unpleasant task to place even part of the responsibility for a man's death on some other mem bers of the organization. It is much easier to blame the dead man who can "tell no tale," but this policy permits the cause of the accident to die in the files, to go without publicity, and, ulti mately, there is another accident and someone else pays the price for lack of moral courage on the part of the investi gators. Fair investigations are important if interest is to be maintained. You may be sure that the men on the job know who was responsible, and when that responsibility is not placed, the accident prevention program becomes a spineless jelly fish and loses p estige and confidence among the workers. Inspections Routine inspections of the plant and premises to bring to light unsafe condi tions and practices should be assigned to the man on the job. Experience in dicates that properly directed and super vised inspections do much to teach the fundamentals of accident prevention. It is of course essential that suggestions that are made be given careful con sideration, In each case the matter of correcting the condition noted should be discussed with the inspector and the suggestion complied with, or reason for its rejection given. Inspectors should be changed monthly in order to givenumerous men the training that seem? so desirable. It is inn natural that a man's interest in safety will increase with his knowledge of its technical as pects. He will not cease to be on the lookout for unsafe conditions, even after his term as inspector expires. Don't Forget the Credit Too often the credit for a good recorc is given to the safety department or th; supervisory forces. While it is true tha some of the credit is due these people it must not be forgotten that the mar on the job is the key man so far as the ultimate record is concerned. Failure to give him credit or recogni tion, both collectively and individually will dampen his future efforts to stor accidents. Credit can be given throug! the use of the bulletin boards, througi personal letters from the management by means of a dinner, or the passing o cigars. His interest in a continued goot record will be proportional to the joy of accomplishment he receives from pas records. This joy can be found only through recognition. f Please turn to page jq; NATIONAL SAFETY NEW? (5 Our Town Is Known for Its Safe Mill By F. L. IRVIN Supervisor of Employment, SI. Croix Paper Company. ^''TTN HE success of the St. C.oix 1 Paper Company in its safety efforts has._rightly won for the town of Woodland, Maine, the designa tion, "The Safety Town." This paper company is the only industry in Wood land and upon it the population of 1800 depends for its livelihood. Woodland is "Way Down East,*1' situated on the St. Croix River in an isolated section of Northeastern Maine and adjacent to the Canadian Border. The mill site was chosen because of its almost unlimited supply of woodlands and an abundance of water power in the St. Croix River. The construction of the St. Croix Paper Company's mill began in 1905, and in September 1906 produced its first news-print paper. Two years later, a third machine was installed to meet the increased demand. The daily capacity of the three machines totals 204 tons. This company in the manufacture of its product performs every operation of the process from the felling of the trees to the finished roll of newsprint paper. For its own use, it manufactures daily 180 tons of ground wood pulp and 45 tons of sulphite pulp. Two of its paper machines run at an average of 800 feet per minute and the other 725 feet per minute. The main equipment of its pulp mills are 25 three-pocket mechani cal grinders, two 15-ton digesters, and a battery of pulp screens. It has its own hydro-electric plant, located twelve miles up-river, which generates power not only for mill operation but for town lighting as well. Because of its early construction, it cannot be said that the plant's physical condition is modern. Its buildings (90 percent steel, concrete and brick and 10 percent wooden) rover a greater area than a modern 200-ton newsprint mill. However, the management has kept pace with the nwc.h of p ogress and has installed up-to-date equipment through out 'he entire p'ant so necessary for meeting the keen competition in the newsprint industry. It has been its policy in all its imp.ovements to "buildin" safety, no job being completed until its hazards, if any, are eliminated. The working personnel of a newsprint mill has more hazardous jobs than are found in mills manufacturing other grades of paper. A variety of operations that call for heavy and dangerous work are necessary in the process of the physical change from the tree to a sheet of newsprint paper. The workmen who handle the wood have a particularly hazardous job, espe cially during the winter season. During the winter, more than 10,000 cords are unloaded from freight cars, which are set on a high and long trestle. The wood ST. CROIX PAPER COMPANY 216 Wai-hington Streel Boston, Massachusetts July II, 1934 Mr. I.. J. Parant, Vice President and General Manager St. Croix Paper Company Woodland, Maine Mv dear Mr. Parant: I want to take this occasion to congratulate you and, through you, the men who have worked with you and all the employees of the St. Croix Paper Company, upon the re markable safety record you have achieved. Out of the 82 mills, both in the United States and Canada, that entered th: National Safety Council Contest, i understand that the St. Croix mill is the only one in Groups A, B and C that has a perfect record. This certainly shows a great effort on the part of everyone in the employ of the St. Croix mill. But perhaps more remarkable than that is the No-Accident performance, involving an average of 369 employees, which began on Sept. 22, 1931. and which, to date, is without a single disabling injury. I am also glad to learn that die State of Maine has had a Safety Contest. hi h started on January 1, 1934 and ended June 3fl, 193t. and that you will probably be the winner of this, too. In behalf of the officer- and directors of the St. Croix Paper Company, i congratulate each and everyone of you. \ er> truly yours. Arthur I,. Hobson, President. handlers walk up the narrow walkway of the trestle, covered often with snow and ice, move heavy iron chutes to and from the doors of the freight cars, and, further, have to be extremely cautious getting in and out of the cars. While unloading wood in p.oximity of the doorways, they use lifebelts. Other wood handlers pick two-foot blocks of wood from a frozen pile of 25,000 cords each year from November until May. They have to exercise extreme watchful ness on that job in order to be ever ready to move to safety from slides of the pile which occur quite frequently, especially in early spring. The handling of logs and four-foot wood from the river in the summer, sawing them into two-foot lengths, and conveying them through the mill are operations that are possible accident-makers. The yard crew, which averages about 35 men, does a class of unskilled work that is heavy and monotonous and re quires physical strength. This work consists of shoveling coal and sulphur, the handling and moving of materials such as heavy machinery, lumber, brick, cement, lime rock, etc. The construction and maintenance crews perform hazardous work each day. For instance, there is the electrical de partment of 23 men which has duties involving the care of three generators of 4000 k.w. and three of 1200 k.w., 12 miles of 33,000 volt transmission line, 12 miles of electric distribution lines in town, and over 300 motors varying from r4 to 1800 h.p. This department's out standing safety performance of not having a single lost-time accident since November 18, 1926, is deserving of mention. In the steam generating plant, a crew of 20 men operate five coal-fired units for a total capacity of 6000 h.h.p. at pressures as high as 450 pounds and a temperature of 725 degrees F., one elec tric steam generator rated at 6000 k.w., 6600 volts and 18 turbines, sizes vary ing from 5 to 5000 h.p. In addition, it DECEMBER. 1934 does the ordinary maintenance work of retubing boilers, replacing Taylor stoker fronts, cleaning units, etc. Carpenters, millwrights, pipers, ma chinists, blacksmiths, bricklayers, oilers, painters and concrete-workers engage in work that takes them in and about moving machinery and on high scaffolds. Much of their work is of a heavy nature. Sixty men work on the three paper machines, which operate 24 hours of the day. The high speeds of the machines require the men to move quickly when there is a "break" in the paper. A mis step or mis-handling can cause a serious accident. For that reason it is essential that a paper maker on a newsprint paper machine be highly trained in safe prac tices. The finished product is handled by a crew of 15 men, skilled in the handling of rolls of newsprint, the majority of which weigh 1200 pounds. The rolls are trucked with stevedore trucks from the finishing room and loaded into freight cars. It is a fast and heavy job and un less the truckmen are always vigilant in the handling of the rolls, serious mis haps are possible. In general, practically every employee of the newsprint mill has to give real thought to his own safety aad his fellowworkers as well because of the type of work in the process of manufacture, the maintenance of equipment and buildings, new construction, and the handling of materials and machinery. Organized work in safety at the St. Croix Mill began in January, 1927, with the creation of a Safety Department. A few years previously, the company had joined the National Safety Council but not until 1927 had any real attempt been made to reduce accidents. The follow ing record of lost-time accidents, show ing also the number of employees, shows the results of that organized effort: Average No. Year Employees 1926 303 192? 468 1928 431 1929 405 1930 448 1931 409 1932 364 193* 36-4 1934 (to date) 374 No. Lost-Time Accidents 85 32 8 6 4 7 None None None Especially during these past nine years has the St. Croix Paper Company realized its duty to provide safe working conditions for its employees. No ex pense is spared in removing "danger spots," many of which have been sug gested by the employees through the medium of a safety suggestion system. New Gates Protect Crossing Shown in the above illustration is one of the five sets of automatic crossing gates installed at Anchorage, Ky., at crossings on the Louisville & Nashville Raiiroad. The gates were purchased by the town at a cost of approximately $10,000. Thirty per cent of the funds were provided by the PWA. In the picture officials of the railroad the PWA, the town and the gate manufacturer are making a final inspection of the installation. The gate differs from former similar models in that only one motor in a single standard at each crossing is necessary to operate from two to four gate arms. The 36-foot arms are operated by a p:s*.on acting within a cylinder to which the fluid is transmitted from a hydraulic pump to a central master control unit, The gate arms automatically begin lowering about fifteen seconds before an oncoming train reaches the crossing. during which time an electric bell cautions the motorist, Other features of the new gate are that a vehicle caught on the tracks when the gates are lowered can push the gate open for exit, but a vehicle cannot push the gate inward to get on the track, Motorists are not delayed at crossings while switch engines are working, as the gate raises automatically when the work engine is at a standstill. Besides safeguarding the plant against mechanical hazards, a very important program of educational work, varied and comprehensive, is carried on to teach and train the employees in the safe methods of work. This includes in part: 1, The poster services of the National Safety Council and a commercial service. The pictures and bulletins from these two sources are placed on the bulletin boards in conspicuous places throughput the mill. 2. Distribution to every employee of a copy of The Safe Worker, a monthly publication of the National Safety Council; and at Christmas time, each employee is presented with a National Safety Council calendar. 5. General safety hints and personal mes sages are printed on small cards and placed in ever>> pay envelope each week. 4. A monthly plant newspaper; Special space is devoted to articles pertaining to safety problems, the need of safety, general news of safety accomplishments in different depart ments, etc. 5. The National Safety Council's course o: safety instruction for school children is sub scribed for each year by the company for use in the local public schools. This serves t< recognize that the school children of today ar, the workers of tomorrow. The safety program has been greatly influenced by the interest taken in it b\ the management of the company. As c matter of fact, the management insists that safety is a part of production and consequently, holds each foreman re sponsible for the safe working of his crew. With that mutual understanding, every foreman at the St. Croix Mill is a red-hot safety enthusiast. Each guides the working habits of his crew, wants safety and gets it by good foremanship methods. The foreman is the key man, (Please turn to page 57,! NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS IT From Head to Foot Bv H. R. BIXLER industrial Relations and Employment Department, Eaton Carbide Company NY analysis of industrial acci Protective equipment has A dents is sure to reveal the im portance of those injuries in been designed for every part which safety clothing would play a preof the human body and it is ventive part. It is desirable to study each job carefully before a definite constantly being improved selection of protective clothing is made so that the greatest degree of protection for the specific hazards of the job may be secured. One of the major considerations in the design of protective clothing for special uses is the materials of which they are made. A specialist in this field has made the following comments: ''Primarily three types of materials are nsed in the manufacture of safety ap parel. These are leather, asbestos, and fireproof duck. The word "fireproof" is really a misnomer, since such duck should really be called flameproof, Flameproof duck will not ignite when exposed to flame, but a process of oxida tion will eventually consume the cotton in the duck. Duck is the cheapest of the three substances and is suitable where impervious protection is not required. "Many people think that asbestos is a heat insulator; actually it is a con ductor. In this respect asbestos may be compared to any other mineral. It will not conduct heat as readily as metals but it will conduct some heat. Such equipment, therefore, should have some insulation, such as a cotton lining in an asbestos glove. Asbestos, of course, is absolutely fireproof. There is a small percentage of cotton used in the fabri cation of asbestos which will oxidize, although without the danger of direct combustion. should not be too much of it. Such leathers deteriorate rapidly when used for hot operations." In the estimation of this specialist, leather is best and most durable article for general wear and hard usage. It is recommended for general purposes, except where its weight will tire the worker nr make him uncomfortably hot while working. Many specially designed types of pro tective clothing are made of rubber or a composition containing rubber. Such equipment is used in operations involv ing acids, fumes, work in wet areas, and handling liquids. Special rubber equip ment has been designed for electrical hazards, and includes rubber gloves, boots, overshoes, sleeves, coats and hats, also line-covering material, such as blankets, line hose, insulator hoods and protectors. Felt is used in some types of clothing for protection against heat, where duck, asbestos or leather is not desirable. One concern having electric furnace opera tions uses paper-mill pressed felt to make jackets and trousers for furnace operators because of its protective fea tures, comfort, and relatively low cost. This material is pure wool felt and offers good protection against radiated heat on Leather is Serviceable account of low thermal conductivity. It will burn, but very slowly and with no "Leather, for most safety apparel, is flame. either cowhide or horsehide. It can be Reversing the title of this article and either grain or split leather. Grain beginning with the lower extremities, we leather is comparable to the tough outer find the feet and legs of industrial work layer of skin, while split leather may be ers protected by safety shoes, toe guards, compared to the bottom layer. Grain spats, leggings, knee pads, thigh guards leather has a shorter filter, and is there and aprons. Protection for the hands fore softer and mure flexible. Split and arms ordinarily includes safety leather will wear as well, if not longer gloves, hand pads, mittens, finger cots, than grain leather. In tanning leather arm protectors, sleeves, jackets and the it is necessary to use oil. but there like. In addition, for complete body protection are protective suits consisting of jacket and pants, or complete jumper suits. Ointments are also used for skin protection in operations involving acids, fumes and vapors. Face and head protection is receiv ing increasing attention because of the hazards involving the eyes and respira tory organs. While eye protection has long been a part of industrial accident prevention work, the necessity for the use of goggles has not yet been fully recognized since we learn from the National Safety Council that there were 300,000 industrial eye injuries in the United States during 1933, each result ing in at least one day of disability. Of this number 70,000 were compensable, which means seven days or more of lost time. In 2,000 cases there was com plete loss of vision in one eye, while 75 persons lost the sight of both eyes. The total loss of 3,600,000 days per year was attended with a total cost in time lost, compensation and medical bills of approximately $50,000,000. We are told that 70 per cent of all body movements are controlled largely by what we see, and that one-fourth of our basic body energy is consumed in this task. Everyone should understand the vital importance of good eyesight, the need for protecting it with the de sirability of assisting poor vision with expertly fitted glasses, and the necessity for using the eyes at all times as a guide to our movements, so as to minimize the hazards of slipping, tripping, or striking against objects. Manufacturers of optical goods have studied conditions in tensively during recent years, improving their products to the extent that many previously justifiable objections to goggles have been overcome. He Valued His Spectacles \Ye all know, however, that many workmen do not realize the necessity of utilizing the means of eye protection provided by management. This is illus trated by a story appearing in a recent news-letter of the Construction Section of the National Safety Council. A machinist at an emery wheel, who was DECEMBER. 1931 ,18 wearing a pair of coverall safety goggles, was asked the reason. He replied that he had ruined a ten-dollar pair of spectacles before he started wearing the goggles. The hot sparks had pitted the lenses. When asked whether he had worn goggles before he had glasses he replied "no.'' Apparently he valued a ten-dollar pair of spectacles more than a pair of priceless eyes. It has long been a problem to enforce the use of goggles where only marginal protection is re quired. Classifying the Hazards Perhaps the most authoritative source of information on face and head pro tection is the Head and Eyes Safety Code, which is now being revised under the supervision of the American Stand ards Association. The title of the code is being changed to "American Standard Safety Code for Protection to Heads, Eyes and Respiratory Organs." Processes in which protection for the head, eyes or respiratory organs are re quired are divided into 12 groups, as follows: Group A. Processes where protection from relatively large flying objects is required. Example<: chipping, calking, some riveting operations, and sledging in quarries. Group B. Processes requiring protection from dust and small flying objects. Examples: scaling and grinding of metals, stone dressing where quartz is not involved, arid some wood working operations. Group C. Operations requiring protection from dust and wind. Examples: automobile driving, airplane piloting, and electric spot and butt welding where there is no exposure to uuiiant eneigy. Group D. Processes requiring protection from splashing metal. Examples: babbitting, pouring lead joints for cast-iron pipes, casting hot metal, and dipping in hot metal baths. Group E. Processes requiring protection from gases, fumes and liquids. Examples' handling acids and caustics, dipping in galvan izing tanks, and some japanning operations. Group F. Processes requiring protection against dust and an excessive amount of dust and small flying particles. Example: sand blasting. Group G. Operations requiring protection from reflected light or glare. Examples: ex posure to reflected light from snow covered ground, and from roofs and roads. Group H. Processes requiring protection from injurious radiant energy with a moderate reduction of intensity of visible radiant energv. Example*: Oxy-acetylene and oxy-hvarogen welding and cutting, open hearth. Bessemer and crusible steel making, furnace work, electric resistance welding, brazing, and testing of lamps, tending electric arc furnaces. Group I. Processes requiring protection from injurious radiant energy with a large re duction of visible radiant energy. Example: electric arc welding and cutting. Group j. Processes where protection from dust, smoke, mists or fumes is necessary to prevent solid or liquid particles from entering the respiratory tract. Examples: lead storage battery manufacture, granite cutting, quartz grinding, sanding woodwork, spray coating (lead or siliceous materials), fire fighting. Group K. Processes where it is necessary to prevent gases or vapors from entering the respiratory tract because of poisonous or chemical action involved. Examples: cleaning petroleum storage tanks, spray painting with poisonous volatile materials, exposure to carbon monoxide, or to ammonia or mercury vapor. Group L Operations where protection to the head from falling objects is required. Examples: Some conditions of building con struction, mining, and shipbuilding. Protection for the head should be pro vided in certain other kinds of work. Caps or nets covering the hair are recommended for operators in shops where there is moving machinery or power-transmission apparatus in which hair might become entangled. Defining the Protectors The following definitions, as given in the proposed revisions of this code, should be kept in mind when considering protective devices: Protector. A device which is placed in front of the eyes, face, or head to afford pro tection from the hazards in industrial processes or from the natural elements. Goggles. An optical device worn in front of the eyes, whose predominant function is the protection of the eyes only. Face Mask. A device worn before the eves and a portion or all of the face, whose pre dominant function is protection to the eyes and face. Helmet. A rigid device which shields the eyes, face, neck, and a portion or all of the other parts of the head, and is held in place by suitable means. Hood. A non-rigid device which com pletely covers the head, neck and portions of the shoulders so as to exclude dust and flying particles. Shield. A device to be held in the hand, or supported without the aid of the operator, whose predominant function is protection to the eyes and face. Respirator. A device comprising a me chanical filter for inhaled air, so arranged that when in position on the wearer's face, the in haled air drawn from the surrounding air will be comparatively free from solid and liquid particles. Gas Mask, A device to be worn on the face, and so arranged that the inhaled air is con veyed through a tube connected to a canister or a cartridge which mechanically and/or chemi cally cleans it. Goggles may also be included. Hose Mask. A device to be worn cm the face and so arranged that the inhaled air is conveyed through a hose from a source of clean air instead of from the immediately sur rounding atmosphere, it may also include goggles. Our attention during the last few years has been drawn to the increasing concern for respiratory protection, re lating especially to those diseases classi fied as silicosis, asbestosis, anthracosis and siderosis, signifying lung conditions produced by silica, asbestos, coal and iron particles respectively. Since silicosis is by far the most important of these dis eases, the following information, pub lished by the Industrial Health Section of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Com pany, will be of interest: "Among the devices designed for the protection of the individual worker against dusts, by far the most important is the positive pressure respirator. In particularly dusty operations, such as sandblasting and metal grinding, where the particles may injure the face, the helmet type of respirator is preferred. Whatever type of air mask is worn, it is essential that the apparatus be provided with an adequate air supply drawn from a pure, dust-free source. "Some authorities recommend as much as six cubic feet per minute, while others are of the opinion that respira tors constructed on modern principles are efficient when used with but one or two cubic feet per minute. The source of air supply is equally important. The mistake is frequently made of taking the air directly from a compressed air line without providing the air intake to com pressors with a filter capable of remov ing the fine dust particles. Sometimes the air of the compressed air line is wet and oily, and there may be a possibility of carbon monoxide poisoning due to or being partially burned in a reciprocating piston-type compressor. The air, undet these conditions, is unsuited for breath ing, and it becomes necessary to instal a small rotary compressor blower. Comfort and Efficiency "Respirators should be selected focomfort to the wearer and for their pro tective efficiency. The manufacture should be required to submit a labora torv report of the efficiency of his devio for the purpose selected. Althougl respirators should never be regarded a substitutes for local exhaust ventila tion, they provide a practicable mean of protection in dusty operations carrie on only occasionally or for short perioti of time. "The positive air pressure type o respirator, unfortunately, cannot b worn by workers engaged in operation requiring freedom to move about un (Please turn to page 62 ) NATIONAL SAFETY NEW: 19 Has He Been Drinking? By H. A. HEISE, M.D. Columbia Hospital, Milwaukee, W/.s. RESENT day statistics on the re When scientific methods re P lationship of alcohol to auto mobile accidents are practically place personal judgment in worthless. Even though a person maysobriety tests, our statistics be obviously drunk, arresting officers may hesitate to prefer charges of intoxi on alcohol and accidents will cation because they know that they can be much more reliable not prove their assertions in court; since every symptom of drunkenness may be simulated by some pathological condi novice to arrive at the same percentage tion. Or a person may be obviously of alcohol in the blood; but then they drunk at the time of the accident, but are about equally affected. may suddenly sober up to such an ex After examining about 200 persons tent that he can satisfactorily pass a charged with drunken driving, using test for sobriety. both the routine physical examination Also, it is obvious that persons severe and the chemical test, the correlation ly injured or killed cannot be examined was found to be so obvious that my by the usual methods. Furthermore, it colleague. Dr. Halporn, attempted to would be necessary to know the normal predict the amount of alcohol to be behavior of every individual before one found in the urine from the physical could definitely ascribe his peculiarities examination alone. The agreement was to alcohol. Finally, the psychological inferiority produced by small amounts of alcohol can be measured only by found to be remarkably accurate, ex cept in one case in which he estimated 0.30 per cent when the actual amount complicated tests. was only 0.18 per cent. This disagree Experiments performed on volunteers indicate a measurable loss of efficiency when as little as one ounce of whisky ment was later explained in favor of the, laboratory, when a brain injury was found. is consumed. This was shown in type The alcohol in body fluids is the most writing experiments, the alcohol increas constant finding in all cases of alcoholic ing speed at the expense of accuracy. intoxication, and thus furnishes scien Some experiments were performed under tific confirmation that alcohol may have actual driving conditions and the sub jects were given from five to eight ounces of whisky. It was found that they been responsible for the symptoms. On the other hand, the absence of alcohol, or an amount out of proportion to the could perform the routine acts of driv physical findings may prevent a serious ing fairly well, but were measurably slow injustice. or erratic in applying the brakes, showed poor judgment in avoiding obstacles in the road, were particularly clumsy in backing the car; and most of them were blissfully unconscious that they were The Test in Action In Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in 1924, before the chemical test was used. driving dangerously. All of these tests were correlated with an estimation of the amount of alcohol 34 persons accused of drunken driving were found not guilty and 21 found guilty or pleaded guilty. In 100 recent in the blood or urine at frequent inter consecutive cases in which the alcohol vals: and it was found that all persons were psychologically inferior when the alcohol in the blood or urine reached 0,02 per cent, that they were visibly changed from the normal at, 0.10 per cent and obviously intoxicated at 0,20 in the urine exceeded 0.19 per cent by weight, 87 were found guilty or admitted guilt, 6 were pronounced not guilty but directed to pay the costs (meaning, "You are not guilty, but don't do it again"), and 7 were acquitted. per cent. An interesting finding is that Butler County, Pennsylvania, was un a person accustomed to alcohol must able to get one conviction in 1930, but usually drink larger quantities than the a later communication from E. H. Negley, district attorney, states, ``The chemical test for alcohol was used in 20 of the 36 cases. During the past 6 months it is used in every case unless the defendant at once pleads guilty. We have not lost a case in which it is used, and it seems to me impossible to lose a case in which it is used." The method used to test the amount of alcohol in blood or urine is a modi fication of the one used by Nicloux and depends on the fact that alcohol reduces an acid solution of potassium dichro mate, changing the color from orange to blue. Results are obtained which are correct to within 0.01 per cent with the ordinary test, and when traces of alcohol are examined the accuracy is even greater. A series of experiments performed to determine the specificity of the test proved conclusively that none of the substances which have been men tioned as interfering with the test need be considered as changing results in any way. Survey of Accidents In order to determine the relation ship of alcohol to automobile accidents, an analysis was made of 119 automo bile accidents involving injury or death to 216 persons. All but two were treated in the Uniontown Hospital. As Uniontown is a city of 20,000 inhabitants, situated on the National Highway in southwestern Pennsylvania, this two year survey comprises a fair distribu tion of urban, rural, and tourist traffic accidents. It should be borne in mind that the "alcohol accidents" are those in which a responsible individual had more than 0,02 per cent alcohol in body fluids, an amount which has been shown to cause psychological inferiority, and not necessarily obvious drunkenness. The survey, therefore, deals with the "drinking driver"; mid not primarily with the obvious "drunk." The survey revealed that about 60 per cent of the accidents and 75 per cent of the people injured or killed were in the "alcohol accidents." It was found that while the "non-alcohol accidents" involved slightly more than one person DECEMBER. 1934 20 per accident, the "alcohol accidents" were responsible for injury or death to about two people per accident. Further evidence that the seriousness of the acci dent is generally proportional to the amount of alcohol in the blood or urine, is shown by the fact that the average percentage of alcohol in the drivers who ran off the road or upset was 0.1S in the non fatal accidents and 0,24 in the fatal cases. In collisions the alcohol per cent of the drinking driver in the non fatal cases averaged 0.21, From a study of the ages of p?destrians killed or injured, it is found that drivers striking children and old people are usually sober; when a driver strikes a person between the ages of 16 and 60 the pedestrian is most commonly to be found in the alcohol group; but if the pedestrian is sober then the driver is usually found to be ''under the influ ence." In some cases both driver and pedestrian are found to be in the alcohol groups. An interesting finding is that a sober driver usually has sober passengers in his car, and the non drinking men are rarely found to be passengers when the host is intoxicated. Women drivers are known to be in volved in fewer accidents than would be expected from the known ratio of the number of women drivers to men drivers. This survey offers the explanation that the reason for this finding may lie in the low incidence of drinking women drivers, rather than to superior handling of cars by women. The unmistakable role of alcohol is shown by comparing the daily incidence of accidents in which non-drinking and drinking drivers are involved. The week end peak is found to be "alcoholic," and not necessarily due to increased traffic. If traffic alone had been responsible, then the non-alcohol accidents would have shown a similar week end rise, but such is not the case. That darkness is associated with a definite driving hazard is shown by the increase of "non-alcoholic" accidents during the early evening hours. An additional factor may be fatigue, the effects of which are very similar to alco holic intoxication. The imbiber, how ever. reaches a much higher peak be tween 6 and 7 p. m. which is probably the result of the "cocktail hour." and another peak at midnight. In the day light morning hours almost all accidents are of the non-alcoholic type. The most despised type of driver is of the "hit and run" variety. In this survey six were apprehended and were examined. All were found to harbor an unusual amount of alcohol, the average being 0.30 per cent. It is possible that alcoholic intoxication adds an additional factor of fear of apprehension, or the alcohol may make capture easier, as in one case in which zigzag tracks in the snow led from the scene of the accident to the spot where the car was found. Am. Chem. Soc. Jour., 54: 1476-1485. 1932. 3. Heise, H. A., and Halporn, Benja min: Medicolegal aspects of drunken ness. Penn. Med. Jour., 36: 190-195. 1932. 4. McNally, W. D., and Embree, H, C,: Alcohol in human body. Arch. Path., 7: 607-625. 1928. Conclusions 1. Education of the public regarding the role of alcohol in automobile acci dents may decrease the number of acci dents. 2. The chemical test for alcohol in body fluids has been proved to be prac tical in confirming alcoholic intoxica tion; and also may prove that certain symptoms are not due to alcohol. Con viction of drunken drivers is practically assured, and persons who are' not in toxicated are protected by the chemical test. 3. A survey of 119 consecutive acci dents demanding hospital treatment for the injured or resulting in death indi cates strongly that present statistics re garding the role of alcohol in automo bile accidents are greatly in need of re vision. References 1, Bogen. E.: Diagnosis of drunken ness: quantitative study of acute alco holic intoxication. Calif. & TTf, Med., 26: 778-781 1927. 2. Gettler. A. O., Niederl, J. B,, and Benedetti-Pichler, A. A.: The isolation of pure, anhydrous ethyl alcohol from non-alcoholic human and animal tissues. 5. Nicloux, M., and Nowicka, V.: Contribution a L'Etude de la permeabilite et du pouvoir absorbant de la vessie. Jour. Physiol, et Path. Gen., IS: 295-311. 1913/ 6. Southgate, H. W., and Carter, G,: Excretion of alcohol in urine as guide to alcoholic intoxication. Bril. Med. Jour., 7: 463-469. 1926. 7. Widmark. E. M. P.: Alcohoi con tent of urine. Hygeia, 79: 158. 1917. 8. Heise. H, A.: The specificity of the Test for Alcohol in Body Fluids. Am. Jour, of Clin. Path., March. 1934. 9. Heise, H. A.: Alcohol and Auto mobile Accidents. J.A.M.A., Sept. 8. 1934. Switch Lessens Danger of Fire in Crashes IRES resulting from an airplane F crash or an automobile accident may now be prevented by an automatic safety switch, invented by Captain H. M. Salmond, of the Royal Air Force of the British Army, according to. The Week's Science. Usually such fires are caused by failure to turn off the ignition switch when a crash is imminent, or perhaps by a flash from charged wires when they are suddenly broken even though the ignition switch has been turned off. To avoid such chances. Captain Salmond's invention leads all electric cir cuits through a special switch, all wires becoming dead as soon as the switch is opened. The switch is connected to a heavy pendulum which opens the switch automatically. Ordinary jars or judder, turns of plane or automobile do no affect the pendulum, since it is held fas: by a link of wire or other thin materia which will withstand such stress, buunder the greater force of an actual eras; or collision the pendulum is released ant swings. This instantly breaks all elec trie connections, so that no spark ca: occur. --Ctexclma Plain Oetuw, "Jurt a little tip!-\W--and then! Of course, fires may still be caused in airplane or automobile if some ont is smoking, or because matches are Sc off by friction: but this safety switch seems an effective preventive of mos; fires. NATIONAL SAFETY NETS 21 Simple But Hazardous ByW. T. GRONER Superintendent, Southwestern Portland Cement Companu, Osborn, Ohio AND TOOLS are so common H and simple that very little thought is given them, and the Hand tools have contributed average person rarely considers them hazardous. We all have considerable ams uch to human progress but respect for dynamite, pulverized coal and buzz saws, and, probably as a result of extra precautions, we have had fewer their abuse and misuse are conspicuous accident causes accidents with them than with the less spectacular hand tools. Primitive man created the first hand Shortly after the beginning of the tool. It was a cobble stone used for a Christian Era, about SO A.D., Italy pro hammer. A stone was selected that duced the wood plane and draw knife would fit well into the hand; pits or very similar to the tools used at the shallow depressions for the fingers were present time. worked into the stone, thereby making Hand tools are accredited with having the grip easier. With these, our remote forwarded the progress and civilization ancestors worked out their livelihood and of mankind more than any other agency protection. of life. They are used in every trade The discovery of ancient hand tools and activity, as well as in the home. The has done much to enrich our knowledge hammer is undoubtedly the one most in the progress of civilization. Archaeo used. logists have discovered crude knives Each era of progress brings forth new without handles made of obsidian rock. kinds of tools. The automotive industry Axes of hematite were blocks of mineral in its demand for higher class tools crudely shaped to the semblance of a generally is probably the greatest force cutting edge and grooved so that the today for the creation of better made handles could be tied on with thongs. and therefore safer hand tools. Axes with bronze blades and wood Occasional investigation and recom handles were in use approximately four mendation concerning the cause of hand thousand years ago. tool accidents have been made, yet the Ancient hammers and chisels of iron subject has not received the attention show the same mushroomed condition on given other causes of accidents. the percussion ends as is so commonly The July Bulletin of the Industrial found in the poorly maintained tools of Commission of Ohio showed hand tools today. This mushroomed condition is among the three chief causes of injury a serious hazard to the eyes and all ex with a record of 1,817 injuries including posed parts of the body, and it proves one fatality. Handling objects, first how slow we are to correct a hazard. place with 3,328. including two fatali ties; and machinery second with 3 073 including one fatality. Adding the in juries from hand tools and handling objects makes a total of 5,145 compared to only 3,073 from machinery. These figures are all the more appalling when it is realized by far the greater amount of work is done by machinery. A large number of avoidable acci dents results from the improper use and care of hand tools. The Bureau of Statis tics of the New York State Department of Labor shows that 7,389 persons re ceived compensation in one year for in juries from hand tools. The total amount paid those injured for their loss of time from work was $1,574,'455. Hammers caused most -- nearly one-third of all permanent injuries', and over 1,000 temporary ones. Knives caused the next largest number of injuries, and the lowest on the list of 28 hand tools caus ing injuries is the can opener. There were IS deaths distributed as follows: from hammers 3; knives 3; axes 1; wrenches 4; crowbars 1; jacks 2; and tongs 1. In ten of these cases the original injury was a cut which be came infected and caused the worker's death. The foregoing figures cover only those injuries which caused more than one week's ioss of time. Slight accidents where less time was lost were not re corded, although they were much more numerous. The Bureau also made an analysis of 100 investigated lost-time accidents from hand tools. Out of 28 activities the DECEMBER, 1934 machine shop led with 18, automobile repairs second with eight, and electrical contracting, public utilities and wood working tied for third place with six each. The 100 accidents caused 5,124 days of lost time. Tools having highest fre quency of accidents were wrenches 17, hammers 14, knives 10, screwdrivers 7, and sledge hammers 5. Primary causes of the 100 accidents were: Slipping tools ..... ..................... --.................. 32 Insecurely or loosely held work which caused tools to slip or glance.................... 11 Chips flaking from tools............................... 10 Glancing tools ............................................... 9 Excessive pressure on tools causing them to break or slip.................. S Body and limbs in line with the travel of such tools as the axe or sledge .............. 7 Piping used for added leverage on wrenches 7 Wrongly held tools ....................................... 3 Striking hardened steel with hardened steel 5 Handles coming off machinist files .............. 2 Handles breaking off machinist files ............ 1 Badly balanced tools ..................................... 2 Infected blisters created by tool handles....... I These accidents were studied to de termine the responsibility. It was found that employers were responsible for 46 cases, workers for 34, and in 20 cases the responsibility was shared by the in jured employee, the employer or fellow workers. In practically every case, the possibility of injury would have been greatly lessened had those concerned shown any forethought. Each year I have read with much interest the reports of the Portland Cement Association giving the names of cement companies that finished the year without a lost-time accident, and I try to visualize the joy and satisfaction that comes to the members of the organiza tion in receiving their trophy. Then I read with equal interest, but with an entirely different feeling, the list of those companies who lost the year's record by having only one lost-time accident. And while I always expected that some January first I would experience the joy of realizing that our own organ ization had completed a full year with out a lost-time accident. I never even dreamed that we would lose a year's record by only one accident. However, we were to experience both the bitter and the sweet. We were still pointing proudly to our fine trophy won by completing the year 1931 without an accident when, after having completed 10 months and 11 days of 1932, a hand tool accident spoiled our record. Not only for that year, but as we have had a dear record since, it was the only blot for a period of 3 years and 9 months. On October 11, 1932, one of our most careful workers evidently had an off moment mentally for while closing a hopper bottom car door with a wrench that was believed to be safe, the handle that had been purposely bent to enable the operator to obtain a better leverage, turned about a quarter turn, catching the operator's little finger on his right hand between the handle and the smooth side of the hopper, breaking the bone between the second and third joint. The skin was not cut or broken or even dis colored. The fact that the finger had been broken in the same place several years before when the victim had been thrown off of a horse did not alter the case. The bone had been broken and so had our record. Down went our safety flag and with it the high spirits of our organization. While it is comparatively easy to equip machines effectively with safe guards, so far no technique has been worked out for the control of accidents from hand tools that is at all compar able with the technique for the control of machine hazards. Thus it is impera tive that we increase our efforts to con trol the human element through training. In the case of the broken finger from the car dosing bar, we promptly and definitely eliminated that hazard by welding a clamping device to one end of the bar so it cannot turn or slip; how ever, since the new device is so heavy, we are concerned that an operator might break a foot by dropping it. Tools That Stand Punishment Much has been written about the hazards of using hand chisels, punches, etc., that have become mushroomed, and many suggestions have been made for reconditioning these tools. Our method is to make tools that will with stand severe use and even misuse with out mushrooming. While working in a shipyard of The American Shipbuilding Company many years ago, it was estimated that the men using hand chisels spent about onehalf of their time going back and forth between the boats and the tool dressing shops, and having injuries from flying pieces treated. The most aggravating thing was to get a chisel that would dub over on the cutting end and mushroom on the shock end: then break off any where from three-eighths to an inch and one-half from cutting end. The cause was believed to lie bad quality steel, unskilled tool dressers t both. I was so curious to find the cause that I got chummy with a so-called tool expert in another shop and inveigled him into teaching me how to dress tools. During all the years since, I have con tinued under the illusion that I could dress tools until one day about three years ago a man with a "brain truster" appearance came into the office and asked for five minutes' time to explain his method of dressing tools, etc. His story was so good that 1 arranged for him to make demonstrations in our shop and teach our mechanics. I had some samples* made to show the uses and abuses that tools made from ordinary low priced tool steel can be subjected to without breaking or mush rooming when properl}' forged and heat treated. Sample No. 1 is a cold chisel made from Bethlehem No. 71 alloy tool steel, It costs retail about 22 cents per pound, contains .65 carbon, .60 manganese, and .20 chromium. Immediately after this chisel was heat treated, it was driven through a block of iron cold. The block is one inch thick and it took S3 full blows from a 12 pound sledge to drive it through. The chisel has not since been reground or dressed in any way and it did not mushroom, buckle, or break. The cutting edge is still sharp and in good condition for general work. One of the things that impressed us most with this type of tool dressing was that tools could be forged very niuch thinner than with the normal method of dressing, which of course re quires a much lighter blow to accom plish a given amount of work and is much more desirable and effective to use than the old blunt type chisel that it was believed necessary to forge thicker and grind more blunt in order to hold up. Sample NTo. 2 is a hand punch made from the same grade of steel as Xo. 1. I had sample No. 3 made to show what can be done with a much cheaper grade of steel when properly forged and heat treated. This hand chisel was forged from an old worn-out apron conveyor link and driven through a piece of cold steel one inch thick, the same as samples Xo, 1 and No. 2. We buy the steel in flat bars x 314 inches. Analysis: Carbon .42 -.52: Manganese .85-.1.00: Chromium 1.051.20, and Vanadium 1.5-2.0. It cost: .082 cents per pound. We make prac tically all of our hand tools from wornout conveyor links. The samples referred to in this article were exhibited by the author before th:> Cement Section at the Twenty - third Annua] Safety Congress, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 23 Lighting the Motorist's Way By PAUL H. GOODELL Street Lighting Engineer, General Illumination Engineering Company. Cincinnati, Ohio. Improved standards of street The records of the U. S. Bureau of lighting and motor-vehicle Public Roads indicate that some 24,000,000 motor vehicles were operated over headlighting will help to 153,000 miles of city streets and 110,000 check the growing hazards of highway travel at night miles of major highways during 1933. From gasoline consumption records and motor-vehicle registrations, the volume of traffic represented was somewhat below that for the years 1929-30-31 but slightly greater than for that of 1932. O PROVIDE safety and conven Tience on our public thoroughfares at night through adequate visibili In accord with the usual experience, however, 31,000 people were killed and over one million non-fataliy injured. ty has been the primary purpose of street and highway illumination. Visibility in Alarming as the general trend may volves not only illumination but human seeing machines as well. Quick, efficient seem, the night accident experience is even worse. Annual reports of the seeing or poor seeing with its strain of undue fatigue may differentiate between life and death on the highway. Because Xational Safety Council, covering both rural and urban experience, indicate that the ratio of night fatalities to total civilization has imposed such critical conditions surrounding visual tasks, visi bility must be based upon seeing under fatalities is increasing. The pertinent question is "how have changing condi tions affected the hazard, and is visi bility involved?" actual driving conditions. An analysis of seeing on streets and Motor-vehicle hazards based on gaso highways reveals an almost infinite line consumption and vehicle registra number of factors associated with present tions show a constant increasing trend, modes of travel which may affect the although the public expenditure for im motorist's ability to see. Of these, the proving the convenience and safety of most important are the visual capacity public thoroughfares has reached annual of the individual, nature and degree of sums exceeding two and one-half billion illumination, type and condition of dollars. From the increasing trend of road surface, speed, and character of night accidents and from traffic studies objects which the motorist must dis which reveal that the hazard per car is tinguish. four times as great by night as by day, it seems likely that the improved condi Abstract of a paper read at the Twenty* eighth Annual Convention, Illuminating Engineering Society, tion of roads has encouraged speeds in excess of visibility conditions. Fig. 1. Driving hazards are four times as great by night as by day but adequate illumination would reduce them to approximately the daytime level. The author and the "Accident Meter," an ingenious device for visualizing the rate at which accidents are occur ring. The meter can be set at any speed and at any ratio for the different classifications of accidents shown. During the past year studies of motor vehicle speeds have been made by the engineering department of the University of Maryland and the Department of Public Safety of the State of Michigan. These studies indicate that the average speed of travel on improved highways is 43.3 miles per hour during daylight hours and 41.5 miles per hour at night. The Michigan studies further show that 10 per cent of the traffic was traveling at speeds greater than 60 miles per hour, and since the general trend has been con stantly increasing, it is quite likely that future considerations for safety will have to take even greater speeds into account. If visibility is to be adequate for such speeds, it is imperative that the motorist be able to distinguish objects on the road at a distance greater than that required to stop his car. To determine the distance required to stop a motor vehicle at various speeds of travel introduces such variable con ditions as type of road surface, condition (wet, icy or muddy), grade (up or down), condition of brakes and tires. There are few cases when one or more of these conditions do not increase stopping distances. Tests to determine the minimum stopping distance which would be required on dry, level, paved roads DECEMBER. 1934 24 Fig. 2. Do motorists driving at night see in time to stop? These minimum distances required for stopping are invariably exceed ed on the highways. 120 per cent by Snellen chart; (3) Speed of test car, varying from stationary position to 60 miles an hour at 10 mile intervals; (4) Type of road surface, varying from new concrete with a light reflection of 25 per cent to bituminous macadam and sheet asphalt with a re flection factor of 4 per cent; (5) Reflec tion factor of test object, corresponding to pedestrians dressed in dark, medium or light clothing. Test objects were so located that the background was pro vided by the road surface, not the foliage at the side of the road. Test Results and Conclusions and with brakes in proper adjustment were recently conducted by the Eastern Conference of Motor Vehicle Com missioners. The results of these tests in conjunction with information recently determined at Massachusetts Institute of Technology regarding time lag re quired to coordinate mind and muscle in the stopping of an automobile are shown in Fig. 2. From the minimum conditions indi cated, it will be observed that visibility must permit the quick discernment of objects at from 300 to 500 feet t'or exist ing speeds of travel. To produce visi bility at such distances there are two methods of artificial illuminationportable automobile headlighting and stationary street lighting. Motor-Vehicle Headlighting Studies of visibility conditions with various types of artificial illumination have been made with models and by ex periment under actual conditions. Each method has its advantages. The use of models is considerably more flexible, although for street illumination the actual conditions are somewhat more dependable. In studying visibility conditions for automobile headlighting, actual road conditions are to be preferred, because observers, conscious of the test objects, would distinguish them long before indi viduals who were not aware of the tests. In some cases test objects have been damaged by the latter group when observers making the tests would report that the objects could be seen for a hun dred feet or more. To overcome this condition and obtain data which might be considered as representative of normal driving conditions, the author, with the cooperation of The Corcoran-Brown Lamp Company, employed the following test procedure. A section of straight level highway was selected and marked with danger signs to warn traffic that caution should be exercised in traveling over the test course. Test objects were then placed on the road and observations made of the distances at which drivers, not aware of the tests, were able to distinguish the objects and change their course of travel to avoid hitting them. The size and light reflection factor of the test objects were so adjusted that they couid not be distinguished until the driver was suffi ciently close to necessitate changing his course of travel immediately upon dis tinguishing them. By then allowing a sufficient distance to compensate for mental reaction time, the distinguishing point for a large number of cases was determined and established as the proper distance at which test observers should report the presence of the test object. As might be expected, our observers under corresponding conditions would distinguish the presence of the test objects at considerably greater distances than the other motorists. To compen sate for this condition, test objects of various geometric patterns were con structed of such a size that the average distinguishing distance for the particular pattern by the observers, corresponded to the distinguishing distance established for the motorists not aware of the tests. Although some of the tests were still in progress at the time this article went to press, the variables considered were i 1) Intensity provided by the headlights-- beam candlepower. 2,500 to 30,000; (2) Visual rating of observers--70 to Visibility distances increased very rapidly with increases in light intensity up to 6,000 beam candlepower. With improved reflection factor of the test object, visibility distance increases rapidly, particularly for the lower re flection factors. Although the light intensities were measured and held con stant for the speed at which observations were to be made, there was a decided de crease in visibility distance with increased speeds of travel. This undoubtedly was due to the greater distance covered during the process of seeing at the higher speeds, and to the increased ex penditure of nervous muscular energy required to operate the car. The conse quent reduction in energy available for the seeing function as well as the time required for seeing were undoubtedly responsible for the decrease in visibility distance, which at 60 miles per hour was only half of the visibility distance ob tained for stationary tests conducted under equivalent conditions. From the evident importance of beam candlepower, particularly below 6,000, it is desirable that we should know some thing of the intensities which are in general use on motor vehicles. These intensities are obviously dependent upon the design characteristics of the head light lens and reflector, the proper ad justment and condition in which the headlights are maintained, type and con dition of the lamp employed, and energysupplied to the lamp. In making a sur vey of several comparatively new cars, it was found that six months' ordinaryuse, which included cleaning of only the outer lens surface, had resulted in a de preciation of the headlight beam by as much as 60 per cent or more. The relation of automobile headlight ing to visibility is probably most serious ly affected by the general condition under which the headlights are operated. That is. the apparent lack of adequate main tenance, lack of proper adjustment and NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 25 in many cases the deficiency of energy supplied to the lamps, particularly at the higher speeds of travel, are directly re sponsible for vital losses in visibility distance. The relatively small increase in visibility distances which are obtained with increasing beam intensities of the higher order, obviously place serious limitations upon this method for pro viding sufficient illumination, particu larly for the higher speeds of travel. With such intensities, glare, which is already responsible for a portion of the motor vehicle accidents, might become a serious factor, if for example lamps were not so installed that they could not easily get out of adjustment. Higher intensities should certainly be encouraged but with them should be introduced uni Fig. 4. Litegraph for determining average horizontal illumination. form regulations for the proper use of equipments which will provide a maxi mum of visibility and at the same time avoid objectionable glare. December, 1932; and September, 19-33. The evidence presented in these reports as obtained from principal cities in the lighting, fixed types of street and high way lighting offer many advantages. The light sources, for example, may be Street Lighting Fixed types of lighting installations United States is certainly conclusive that street lighting bears an important economic relation to both motor-vehicle so located with respect to the normal line of vision that large quantities of light may be provided with a minimum have been employed on public thorough accidents and crime. of glare. One of the fundamental fares in this country since 1774 with the A current example of the economic objects in seeing is the contrast between demands for seeing ability, which they benefit from street lighting will show the the object to be distinguished and its might provide, being constantly in following results. During 1933, auto background. On the highway in par creased. The rapid increase in motor- mobile accidents in the United States ticular, where objects must be dis vehicle traffic, as well as night activities which might have been prevented with tinguished at greater distances due to in general, have, during the past fifteen adequate illumination were responsible the higher speed of travel, fixed types of years, increased the seeing demand for 9,900 fatalities and approximately lighting may be employed to improve the placed on public lighting to such an 346,000 non-fatai injuries. With the contrast by providing a luminous back extent that we are now confronted with associated property damage the eco ground on which the object may be the question, ``Does the supply meet the nomic loss from these accidents would silhouetted. This method of distinguish demand and what would be the economic amount to approximately $550,000,000, ing objects, due to the absence of illumi result of improved street illumination?" enough to have paid all the street light nation, may be accomplished with a Detailed studies of this have been re ing bills in the United States for the past minimum of lighting and is probably the ported in the Illuminating Engineering seven years. oniy reliable way by which dark objects Society Transactions of October, 1931; As compared with automobile head may be distinguished on dark road sur faces, at visibility distances safe for existing speeds of travel. Many city streets are well illuminated with ample quantities of light providing good visibility. Other streets may have proportional amounts of light poorly distributed or providing destructive glare which diminishes the ability to see. Still other streets may not have sufficient illumination, or as is the case with nearly all highways, there may be no permanent illumination provided at all. Surveys recently completed by the author and covering principal cities having an aggregate population exceeding 75 per cent of the total urban population of the United States, show that the average spacing of existing street lighting units is approximately 327 feet and the aver age light output provided by each unit is only 2300 lumens. Fig. 3. The utilization of light, maximum illumination, ami effect of blinding upon visibility are determined with the "Analysis Litegraph." At prevailing utilizations of light, the average illumination may be liberally DECEMBER. 1934 26 istics of the equipment is first employed to determine the utilization factor for the installation. Such a chart is shown in Fig. 3, with the utilization for a given problem being determined by drawing lines in the numerical sequence indicated. The utilization factor determined with the completion of line three is then trans ferred to the corresponding scale on Fig. 4. By completing the three opera tions shown on this chart, the average horizontal illumination for the installa tion is obtained and may be transferred to its proper scale on Figs. S and 6. The blinding effect of glare, which is principally influenced by mounting height of the light source and maximum candlepower directed along the axis of the street, but corrected for level of illumination on Fig. 6, is computed by estimated to be only four hundredths of one foot-candle ---very little more than full moonlight. Compare this with the these factors are influenced in a logarithmic relation rather than being directly proportional. drawing line 7 on Fig. 3. This result may also be transferred to its correct scale on Fig. 6. The effect of light dis tribution and silhouette upon ease of intensity of 10,000 foot-candles on a To introduce the science of seeing in seeing is coordinated in Fig. 6 but com summer day and one reason for the street lighting, it is the author's proposal puted from the ratios determined in Fig. toll of night accidents will be obvious. that the various dements which influ S. The maximum horizontal illumina According to the authoritative recom ence seeing be evaluated in a manner tion for line 9 is transferred from the mendations of the Illuminating Engi which will facilitate their interpretation intersection of line 7 with its scale in neering Society Code of Street Lighting, into the physical factors which may be Fig. 3. When these ratios are trans these prevailing conditions are far short controlled in the street lighting installa ferred to Fig. 6 the final index for the of adequacy for existing traffic condi tion. To accomplish the results desired, installation is obtained by drawing lines tions. A large number of major high the author would propose an engineer 10, 11 and 12. The result thus obtained ways on the British Isles and in Europe ing index of the seeing value provided by the simple procedure of drawing are illuminated. However, there are by any installation. This suggestion is twelve lines represents the composite but 400 miles of highways now illumin offered as an indication of what might analysis by which ease of seeing may be ated in the United States of a total be accomplished, not necessarily as a compared for various installations. system embracing some 110,000 miles_. final solution. All comparisons of seeing ability of major improved highways. Would To reduce the necessary analysis to a should be made for the same combina it not he desirable to consider the use basis sufficiently simple and accurate for tion of extraneous factors, that is, the of gasoline taxes or other public funds general use, the author has employed results are not an actual measure of the for this important adjunct to safety? nomographs which with a simple pro ability to see but merely a basis of The past treatment of lighting and par cedure of drawing straight lines may in making comparisons for a given set of ticularly street lighting, has primarily effect, be made to perform complex engi conditions. This procedure reduces to been concerned with quantitative neering procedures. To determine the a constant the many extraneous variables measures. Lighting is more than foot- quantity of useful illumination provided which would otherwise have to be taken candles and lumens, however, as was by a given street lighting installation, a into account including differences in the indicated in the brief discussion of chart representative of the character visual capacity of individuals. silhouette effect where seeing was actually accomplished due to the absence of illumination. "Quality of lighting" is the new element which we must then introduce along with the usual elements of quantity and spectral character of the light provided. The importance of quality in street lighting is evidenced by its depreciating effect upon quantity if, for example, the blinding effect of glare is not minimized. The matter of light distribution as affected by lamp spacing, mounting height and the controi of light flux, are important with respect to silhouette effect and the physiological factors involved in seeing. Greater quantities of illumination improve visual acuity, speed and ease of seeing, but Fig. 6. The compare!he merits of street illumination systems are determined bv their Liteindex values. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 27 Ail Aid to Management --and Safety By R. D. PACKARD Manager, Department of Industrial Hetations, The Standard Oil Company (Ohio) As a builder of mutual understanding and a promoter of safety, the Standard Oil Company f Ohio} has found its employee magazine invaluable OME six years ago The Sohioan, S the employee magazine of The Standard Oil Company (Ohio) This section contains numerous photo was initiated. It was believed at thagrtaphs of employes and of their wives time by the management that a company and children, as well as cartoons illus magazine would answer certain needs. trating humorous things which have This was a period of radical adjustments happened to employees. in our organization. The second section co. responds some The Sohioan has had an uninterrupted what to the average small-tcwn weekly existence since that time. The fact that newspaper. The special doings of Mr. it has been continued is an indication and Mrs. Sohioan and the Sohio young that our management has felt that it sters have, we believe, a definite and filled important needs and that it has vital place in a company magazine. continued to meet changing require The appeal of this section is the appeal ments. of the personal. It is based upon the Some months ago I made an informal simple fact that most folks like to see survey to determine the popularity of their names or pictures in print. It en The Sohioan. The rank and file were hances an employee's feeling of import almost unanimous in their opinion that ance in the organization and the feeling the magazine was an active force for that he really belongs to it. One of the good in the organization. Among the highly prized features of The Sohioan is supervisory forces opinion was divided. the monthly Sohio Honor Roll which The Sohioan consists of 32 pages lists the service pins awarded during the divided into two main sections. The preceding month. Our company now first half or feature section is given over awards service pins after five years of largely to the following: The President's service and every five years thereafter, Page: statements of important company resulting in a rather large list of names policies: inspirational articles, written being shown each month. by both employees and outsiders; health articles, by our company physician: Employees & Mutual Benefit Associa Reaching Scattered Workers tion news: monthly reports of disabling The Standard Oil Company (Ohio) is injuries: sales engineering develop a state-wide organization. While our ments: stories about hobbies of em company certainly cannot be considered ployees; and announcements regarding a large one, compared with many cor new products or sales campaigns. porations, nevertheless, our management The second half of The Sohioan con could never come to know personally sists of local and personal news con the 5,000 employees scattered over tributed by the correspondents in the 41,000 square miles in Ohio, It is ob sales divisions, accounting department, vious that unless the management avails home office and manufacturing units. itself of some means of unification and Each unit has its own space, the size of coordination, it would be practically im which depends upon the amount of ma possible for hundreds .-of isolated em terial furnished the editor. This section ployees to have the conviction, which is devoted to such matters as the mention we believe our employees have, that they of new employees: stories about the belong to a unified, family-type organi transfer or promotion of employees; zation. births - deaths -- weddings: vacation The first section of the magazine, as stories: sports news and local Sohio outlined above, might be said to carry social affairs, such as picnics, dances and an informative, contacting function. Of parties. this desirable function, the "Presidents Page." is a case in point. The first in stallment of this feature was written by our president. Mr. W. T. Holliday, at the request of the manager of industrial relations as an introduction or sponsor ship of the magazine. The reaction from all departments, however, induced Mr. Holliday to continue his page. His subject matter has been wide and varied, and the pressure of other business has seldom interfered with his monthly con tribution. The page has become an institution and it has helped tremendously to de velop employee morale, Mr. Holliday's mail reflects the wide appreciation of his page. Employees and their wives, relatives, and friends all write to express their appreciation. The ordinary informative function, however valuable and necessary, is not in itself a sufficient basis for a successful company magazine. This purpose could be answered by bulletins. Such bulletins might easily take care of the tangible need for a vehicle of communication but could hardly be designated as a house organ. On the other hand, the intangible values associated with the numerous personal items in the unit news are in dispensable to the magazine and weigh heavily in computing the total benefit. A good employee magazine will help reduce accidents. I understand that in some publications an entire page or even a section of the magazine is devoted to accident prevention propaganda, acci dent news, etc. The proportion of such space to the rest of the magazine will naturally be determined by the specific problems of the company which pub lishes it; the more hazardous the in dustry, the more accident prevention will need to be stressed. In the case of The Sohioan, its editors have tended to avoid sermonizing on safety; they believe that preachy editor- (Please turn to page 55; DECEMBER. 1934 28 The Safety Exchange "A ROUND TABLE IN PRINT" THE IDEAS presented here have proved helpful. If you have de veloped a useful device or method send in a descrip tion, illustrated with a sketch, blue-print or photograph, if possible Swing Shelves Adapted for Tool Boxes One excellent way of solving the problem of work bench congestion is shown in the accompanying picture. The usual place for the individual machinist's tool box is on the bench and frequently it occupies valuable space. In the photograph a swing shelf has been ar ranged below the work bench which keeps the tool chest out of the way. It also helps get the men out of the habit of storing miscellaneous parts under the work bench. General Electric Company follows this plan in its Pittsfield, Mass., plant. opening struck one of these doors, knocking it from the track, and a man was killed when the door fell on him. As a result of the accident, a stout guard railing was fastened securely to the wall and running across the door opening, as shown in the accompanying picture. This holds the door panels in place. Oil Storage Can Very Well Designed This oil storage can is fitted with screen filter about its midsection, an is placed in a leak - proof pan, with faucet just above the bottom extendin beyond the pan. The can is filled wit car oil used for the priming of journa and journal brass in the truck shop , the Chicago & Northwestern Railwa car department in Chicago. Note th; a strip of sheet metal is fastened secure: to the under side of the bench on whic the can rests, to catch any dripping fnv the faucet, and this leads to a drip pa hooked into the bench which may t removed for cleaning. Thus all dangi of waste oil on the floor and of slippir accidents caused bv it, is removed, Guard Railing Now Holds Door Panels in Place It is common in many plants to see heavy sliding doors that hang from a narrow track above the door opening. In one case a truck passing through the Safe Type of Gate at the Mine Shaft This quite unusual type of gate at the mine shaft serves u double put pose. First, it is a safe gate; second, it serves as a bulletin board upon which safety messages may be posted. In the present instance, the sign merely says. "So Smoking." The picture is sent in from the U, S. Bureau of Mines. NATIONAL SAFETY NEW Press Feed Increases Safety and Efficiency This photograph, showing a feeding device on a Bliss press, is from the plant of the Simmons Company, of Kenosha, Wis. A drawing job is in process for the bottom mount of a bed. The material placed in the chute is auto matically pushed into the die, and comes through at the bottom. A ram en 29 closure would afford additional protec tion. Operations were increased by the use of this feeding device from 1.300 to 2,000 per hour. This Improved Gangway Stops Accidents The General Petroleum Corporation of California sent in these improved gangway photographs. The short gang way. eight to ten feet iong, used prin cipally on board ship, has been im proved by the use of adjustable stan chions which provide a higher rail at the most dangerous points. The accompany ing photographs also show canvas rigging between each man-rope and sup porting pieces of gangway which prevent persons from failing from the gangway underneath the man ropes. These short gangways with movable stanchions are Guard for the Circular Saw in Packing Plant The circular saw in the accompany ing picture is used in cutting pigs' feet. The guard is hinged and automatically lifts and descends as the meat is pushed under the guard and into the saw. This particular guard has been in use during the past eight tears in the plant of the Oscar Mayer Company, Madison, Wis.. and no accidents have occurred on this saw. Compressed Gas Cylinder Hoisting Device The accompanying pictures show a device for hoisting oxygen and acetylene cylinders aboard government destroyers under construction, as developed by the Bath Iron Works Corp., Bath, Maine. The base is a inch steel plate in a four-ieaf-clover pattern. The center rod is of 1 inch round steel and terminates in a forged steel hook. Four supple mentary braces bend inward to join the center rod. Cross braces form com partments for the cylinders and prevent their slipping. All frame members are arc welded and a safety pawl is attached to the steel hook. The cylinders are held in place by an interlocking device, the pressure of a spring being applied against each cylinder. Safety Stop is Placed on Hydraulic Valve In operating the hydraulic press, it is quite possible to open the hydraulic valve so far that the valve stem is hacked entirely out of the threaded portion, instead of coming to a stop when wide open, as with an ordinary valve or faucet. To overcome this hazard, the General Electric Company has designed a safe guard which consists of a (J-strap into which the entire valve is bolted. The top ends of the strap are formed inward and at right angles to the vertical portion. The edge of the ``lip" engages a steel washer, which has previously been fitted to the squared shank of the valve stem, when the valve lws been opened to what is considered the maximum safe limit, s Providence, Rhode Island, Safety Council AVw.v Letter.) DECEMBER, 1934 30 SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARDS Practical Safety Information for the Man on the Job HESE cards are intended for in Tdividual distribution. They may be carried in the pocket conven These "Safety Instruction Cards'1 are printed on white card stock, 3 by iently; they will slide into most pa5y inches, slightly heavier than govern envelopes easily. If tacked on the wall ment postcards. In any quantity the price is one cent per card (all of one over a work bench or machine they will kind or selection) trith a minimum not tear off when a little wind strikes order of 25 cents. This minimum them: several of them can be displayed charge is necessary to cover the cost in a small space and they will fit in a standard card ftle. of handling, mailing, etc. Stamps or cash may be sent with order, or an invoice will be rendered. The same information is not put on The order should specify "Safety posters, as many members have suggest Instruction Cards," and give the num ed, because in a vast majority of in bers of the cards selected. stances workers do not have the time to study it when presented in this way. Where data appearing on the cards is needed for permanent posting and the cards do not seem to be quite large enough for the purpose, or it is desirable to include it with operating instructions issued on standard letter size paper, the cards may be photographed or pianographed. The following alphabetical index of Driving long rods ........................................... 21 Driving vehicles, attention todriving ....2U9 Backing .......... 198 Braking distances ........................................2X6 Cheeking before starting ........................225 Choosing routes ............. 251 General suggestions ...................... 170 Speed control ....................... LS6 Stopping on highway at night .............200 What to do in case of accident .............193 Drums, handling .......................................44, 132 Ernst explosions, preventive measures ...239 Safety Instruction Cards issued to date has been prepared to aid members in ordering cards which apply to their own particular operations. Subject No. Acid and caustic pipe lines, opening Hanged joints ............ ,,.......... ..................... XI? Acid, sulphuric--handling ..................... 242 Acid tanks, repairing- ................ ........-......... J24 Air hoist operation ..........................................142 Aprons, protective ....... 228 Artificial respiration .......... 165 Auto tires, inflation 0* Axe, how to handle ........................... .191 Electric arc welding ...................................... 68 Electric linq work, safety lines ...............- 96 Electric motors, starting............ ........... .. 60 Electric wires, safe carrying rapacity. .. 13 Electricians ............................. ....128 Elevators, inspection and repair............ 104 Advice to operators ............ 41 Ey**s, care of .......... .................... ...... .......... Eye protection, making goggles comfortable ..... ,113 .162 Keeping goggle lenses clean ................. 245 Explosives, storage .................. ........... - -118 Opening dynamite ease .................. 157 Explosive vapor, removing from drum....271 intension cord, fastening plug to ,........ 26 Babbitt, pouring ......... ..139 Belt, to put on a pulley ................................ $ Removing' from pulley ........... 193 Bicycles ................. 241 Boiler gage glasses, replacing...... 103 Boxes and crates, shipping ...........................206 Bricks, how to pile ....... ...242 Broken glass, how to dispose of ,244 C*abl( clamps ............ ....... ....................... ........ 36 Garboys, safe handling ....................... 19.1, 224 Carpenters ........................................ ..127 Carrying long materials on shoulders.... 39 Case hardening with cyanide ...................... 133 Chain links, hooks, castings--detecting flaws in .............................................................. 2 Chains, safe loads for ....................... 63 Determining need for annealing or normalizing ................................ 267 Safe use of ............. 151 Chemical laboratory practices ih)7 Chemicals, protection against . 42 Cleaning machine parts ................ 13? Clothing for machinists ............. 230 For men ....................... ~....... ............... ...... S3 For women .................................. S4 Cold chisel, cutter or punch bend, proper shape for ....................... - 23 Couplings, iink and pin ..... - 46 Crane and hoist operators, novice to ."A Crane signals ..................................... "> Crushed hands, avoiding ............. 53 Dog bites, to avoid ............................. Drill press operators . 17& t?7 Falling objects ........... ..........................-....... 163 Falls, general .......................... ....... .............. -161 Things to look out for ...................... ,.185 Files ............................. 174 Fire, to put out clothing ....................... - 23 What to do in case of .............. 122 Fire extinguisher, soda acid ........... 17 One-quart pump type ................ 28 Checking for winter .................. 264 Fire fighting, electrical hazards .247 Fire prevention, inspection check list . . 237 First Aid, acid and caustic burns .. 75 Artificial respiration .................... 165 Burns ............. .............................. ............. .196 Carbon monoxide ................. 115 Emergency stretchers ........................... 25- Fractures ................................ -211 Frost bite ......................................... Minor injuries ........................... . 245 233 Simple tourniquet ............. ..,73 Transporting a patient .................. 173. 261 Wher* to apply pressure to stop bleeding ............. Flammable liquids, storing .............- 249 826 Fumigating with cyanides Garage mechanics ......... ........................ ... S3 Gas leaks .................................. ..........................ISO Oas masks, identification of o,in;st**rs 222 To test for air-tight fit .............................. 97 Gas welding--cylinders ................... 99 Gas and oil furnaces, lighting burners..!66 Gasoline blow torches .................................. . 76 Gasoline engines, cranking ........... ..........190 Going to and from work .............................. 153 Grinding wheels, to check peripheral speeds ........... --...-- 16 Grinding wheels, mounting on spindles.. So Flange dimensions ....................... $9, 66, Si Safe operation ......................................... --102 Making ring test ..........................................108 Guards, use of .......................... ......150 Hair, protection ............................................... .238 Hammer heads, fitting to handles ........... 6 Hammer hints ................................................. 31 Hand protection, discs for ................... 33 Hand hooks ...........................................*........... 71 Hand saw, how to start................................. 123 Hand tools ............. 35 Sharpening .......... 192 Hand truck, two-wheel ................................. 126 Four-wheel push truck .............................156 Health, general suggestions ........................141 Golds ........... ....125 Headaches ..................................................... ..152 Vacation hints ..............................................221 Heat exhaustion ................................... -57, 197 Home hazards ...................................................1-9 Horses, suggestions for handling ......... 172 Horseplay .................................... Hours of danger ....................................... 256 Housekeeping, inspection list .................. 29 Salvaging materials ................................... 179 How to lift ........................................... -.............. Icicles .............................. .......................--.......... 12! Ice slipping hazards ............................... Ice tongs ............................................... -......... 236 Inattention .................... ....................... -..............177 107 Jacks, safe use of ............................................ 23 Janitors, sweepers and cleaners ...........134 Kite flying .................................. --..... Knot, underwriters ......................................... Knuckle guards for trucks and wheelbarrows ........ ................ -.............248 Ladders, safe angles for .............................. 2 6 Carrying ................. 202 Climbing ................................................. Extension .......... ...............................-..............178 Step ladders ............................ 262 Lathes, all-purpose metal-working . 89 Lead poisoning,protection .............................116 Linemen's climbers, tosharpen .................... 22 Live wires, to free person from............... l?9 Manila rope ...................... .......................- ....... ?- Care when not in use ................................. 14 Care of ...................................................106, 203 Testing in the field ........................ 231 Maintenance and repair men ...............79, 27*9 Safe clothing ............................... 2'G Making safetv suggestions ............. 109 Masons, brieft ..................................................... 155 .Vld,l>.tlCO ..... ........ ....................... Monkey wrenches ............... Motormen and conductors Nall, how to start ........... New employees, helping Nitrous fumes .................. Office accident causes ................... *...... nit storage tanks, cleaning............. Oilers, advice to ............................ Oiling machinery ..................... Parking vehicles ............ ...... Personal safetv check list ................ Picks .............................................. Piling materials, general ....... Bags of cement ...................... In process near machines Pipe fitters ....................................... Pipe lines, blanking off .................... Pipe wrench, safe use ................... fPlease turn to page 32) .. m ....176 HO 549 A66 ,..215 100 .1*3 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 51 154 Lifting Capacity of Tackle Wooden Shell Blocks with Manila Rope talei#ojj (j INC L ify Mtin la UN iM RIGGING fa,100 2 tort *jj' 4120,900j<.>f S,325 T'ft 2220oU.|' Ui 10.100 s !!25,!OojM,|' J aji ? |j 11,450 g! 23,700 M | |t12,500 6MvJ| -- 13,230 1CW,|' Vxg A.l! '<*. Lx" V Hf13,800 I' ---- -i-s.-tum block! fo* b'vekt *o' 2" iijp* '6P H~ evac?e-v* thett are lor ' >4r i* rept m*d t* Feseret ':.SoL<*i'0"* far Mind* &** 'is. I -- R -- 441. t>ved an a ic'a< of lafefi af > Wtiere (As tinrte tub- <c;tt the rape to cwoiiioft* ftd iCT*it reps ce'erlere- -c-r. r -i lhe rape hat bir -a tervet 4 m*lM s vie fac'sr * n!f, a* Ifl ana tftrease isadt accsrsin^if *Hete maxmum iadt are sai? I* fack'e at i*te* if (ead Lne -t tnatehed w pattet otr addctional tfiiaret, tierraate watimurs loadt icce'digt*. fifj) SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARD No. 69 toWPo ie Lifting Capacity of Tackle Steel Shell Blocks with Wire Rope ofS^f'U:s*i]Vl'4rWigtre Ronpoe"i Rqpi *itsfH':Ht-MtiifrinatmaiieihbfmMtot*tefcVii t` *4"m"t'-.re rope a"d J" have are foa m f'leb S'ade * 1> pro- Mee` ..<f tap* .H#afed tfc f te*< . ^ade fa federal ieeirtivaiien l*f -if* No. HR -- ft HI. and arc bated a Uttar o< tafety of S Wfcer failure of "> eej* m ur*<c< r*trfd Me or property, via must. tH*tier fatter of taieV and dtreaio tsaat aceofding'r. ftiete manmu-w load* are on'e fee UtMt at tfre--n. t* feed tiM it tnat(*>ed or ptti r add.lienar t'ltaict dtcreate maiimwnt ioadt atofdig'y, SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARD No. 86 Lifting Capacity of Tackle Sleet Shelf Bloris with Wire Rope Maximum Safe; ^ pIGGING tad in founds; ?$ Wire Pope eaviKi *-N6a 27,600 UNCM oouau ., vticic 4'"r $ 35,300 ^ COUfiLf i pouitf rpiDU . , Bowait ,, 49,000 i|jpU,\ TBlPl F ' r TRIPLE CiOAMUPLC j TPlPlf ^ 60,500 if8p"" OUAOAllPU ! QUAORUPlr 1 $ intAvii 73,900 5 tiKtAVf, ?** m-nitw-.m tneare tuecM *or ? 4" rp theie 'abit a'e 'or n*w * <5*1 grade 4 I? pto*r nef x-re mpe uncaated >16 'tier tore, made Is fedf'at isat-iiti'iw No ft -- H - Hi. er* er* be ltd on a a<for of ta'efj of S Where 'a fu> of <*t rM -a sewce Bpuld andanqer Me or proper-., use iY.Ch hign.r ta<or .1 taie** and decrea** load! according'. iktie mjufngm toadi ara only tor 'ace at tftowit, tf irad i.ne ii tna'chad or oatiev *' addi'ionai thea.at, -tettaatt matimuu load! a<ce-'dig*. SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARO No. 9S Piping systems, uieutincacion o .... 2v Pneumatic hammtrts and ehtseis .............. 52 Poison oak ami poison sumac ......... 64 Poles, dismantling detective ............ ..45, 169 Testing betoro enmuing ..........................232 Power press operators, auvice lu .......... . 65 Power trucks, operation oi ....................... . 42 Portable electric toois ...................... . ...-- 91 Portable extension lamps -.................. 67 Posture ...................................... ........ .--&V Pusii tools for jointers and saws *. ^28 .Rescue work, broken ice ..................,.,..,,,,..258 Roll scraper tfor cleaning power- driven rolls) ......____.......------ ... -- -------- 24 Rope knots and hitches ....... ^-..200, 222, 246 Rope hitches and slings ........... ----.I, 210 Rope, protecting from chemicals ...... . 62 Hope and block sizes .................... -- -- 88 Ropes, safe loads for ........ .................. 47 Rubber gloves, care ui ..... ..^.....,214 To test lot leaks................................. --4 Saws, circular--*'don'ts * ........ ...... .. 54 Operating speeds ..........................................254 Saws, cross-cut--how to carry .............194 Hand, now to use.............. .....255 Swing eut-oit .............................................. -143 Scaffold planks, identifying ................... 32 Safe loads for ...... ....,,,,.120 How to test ................. 15 Scaffolds, suspended ........................... 78 Screw driver ..... -............. ...................... .,,,..257 Sheaths for-sharp pointed tools ............. -184 Shoes, safety ............................................. .....--234 Shoring trenches ............ 167 Skidding cylindrical objects ................... 11 Slings, angles and capacity ......................- 24 .Sling chain hooks . ........... ,-159 Snakebites ......................................................... ..201 Soldering ...... ....... ........................ ....................... 16 4 Spray coating, general precautions _____ 227 Stacking cylindrical objects ......................- 7 Scissors and shears ..................................... .....240 Spiders, "black widow" ......................... 250 Stacking pipe and round bars ..................,.114 Stairways, ramps and fixed ladders ........ 27 Stairways, how to use .....................................146 Step ladders ..........................................................262 Storerooms and stockrooms . ..................... 130 Sunburn .............................................. ,199 Sunstroke ................................... 56 Tackle, lifting capacity of ''wooden shell blocks with manila rope) 01, 69, 86 Lifting capacity of (steel shell blocks with wire rope) ..... 95 Tank cars, loading (flammable liquids).. 80 Opening dome covers ....................... --12 Unloading acids ..................................-____ 94 Unloading flammable liquids ................105 That tired feeling ............................................ 16S Thawing frozen pipes .................................. 131 Timbers, setting in mines ----------.....------ 27 Toolkeepers ........................ ........ ............. ,,..136 Tree felling .................. ...*............... ... .......218 Tree trimming ............ ...205 Warning signs, colors to use ................ ..112 Location .................. ................. ..--..............160 Style of lettering ...... ......--.....................219 Watchmen, suggestions for ................... 35 Water, life saving ....................... 223 Weights of materials, dry materials......138 Liquids ............ 213 Wheelbarrow, how to handle ................... ,.iS7 Window cleaning, safety belts .............. 92 From ladders ................................ ........-*...110 Window' glass, carrying .......................... ....255 Wire rope, how to lubricate ................. ... 98 Putting on a seizing ................................... 268 .Safe loads .................................................... ....263 Uncoiling and unreeling ........................ - 49 When to discard ........................................... 19 Working beneath a car ............ ... 25 Worry ........................... ........... ........ -......248 Wrenches, use of ...................... Ill Miniature Voltages for Hazardous Locations (Continued from page is) carried to some other location and plugged into 110 or 220 volt receptacles, creating a serious hazard. That we have had no trouble in this respect has prob ably been due to dose supervision. If something more than supervision seems necessary to prevent this, a different type of plug and receptacle might be pro vided for this equipment. To the repair men whose work takes them into such locations as man holes, catch basins, sewers, tanks, etc., we issue equipment consisting of the same 75watt 220-volt to 6-volt transformer. The extension is permanently connected to the six-volt side with a standard re ceptacle cap on the 220-volt lead. This cap is connected to the transformer by not more than two feet of tirex or other heavy duty cord. This makes it im possible for the transformer itself to be carried into the man hole or catch basin, and it may be plugged into any 220-volt outlet without danger. Close supervision is again relied upon to see that only these extensions are used in such loca tions. The transformers are made by a reliable manufacturer and subjected to a shop test of 1,000 volts between the primary and secondary coils. It may be possible to obtain portable electrical toois which operate on voltages low enough to be safe in such locations, but I do not know of them. Our practice is to use air-driven tools in such locations whenever possible. If electrical tools must be used, we see that the tool and cord are in good condition, the frame properly grounded, the circuit properly fused, and that a reliable, alert man is stationed outside ready to cut off the current should trouble occur. It is my belief that this test which was made to determine a safe working volt age for hazardous locations has done more to enlighten maintenance men on the hazards of the lower voltages than any amount of talking could have done. These tests have caused much discussion at safety meetings and apparently the lesson has struck home. In 15 years of operation with low volt age equipment, we have not had an acci dent. and we are convinced that this equipment is the best safeguard in such locations. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 33 W.v L Products ittcindt Bttulhmn 1 ^ptir,i:us . , , inhaietcors . . , Masks './ /<iV ;*/ . , . C-cu indicators . . . i.Mij , , T A/A,',//, Safety irrf)tccii<yt Hats m.i iSit-s .. , . iuiuoa Electric Cap ; i'r.h> . . , safety Cudhint* . . . .<../ Eyui pmrni , . . Au^/;iari/.' /: >-. u.,V Jpparatus . . . . i j . ,, . L. J .. u; ........ . .,f Carbon Monoxide is on a rampage! It has become the fourth largest cause of occupational diseases and accidents. Deaths from CO poisoning have increased 500% between 1924 and 1932, and are still growing. Such figures challenge every safetyminded executive. But now you can hear this odorless, taste less, invisible enemy! Developed, tested and proved in the M.S.A. Research Laboratories, the M.S.A. Carbon Monoxide Alarm broadcasts a loud, insistent warning when the CO con centration reaches two parts in ten thousand,--before it becomes dangerous. Let us tell you more about this accurate, reliable, inexpensive device. Write for our new Bulletin No. DR-S, MINE SAFETY APPLIANCES COMPANY General Offices: Braddock, Thomas and Meade Sis., Pittsburgh, Pa. District Representatives in the Principal Cities DECEMBER, 1934 .34 Industrial Health A Non-Technical Symposium for Physicians and Laymen Medical Supervision of Workers Exposed to Dust By w. j. McConnell, m.d. Assistant Metliral Director, Metropolitan life insurance Company HE HAZARD resulting from s's producing dusts, those having a high Tcertain dusty processes in indus try has been given undue publici percentage of free silica are the most important because exposure over a period ty within ^recent years, and the confolifctyears distinctly predisposes the indi ing testimony of those who specialize in vidual to tuberculosis. the litigation field has led many indus It is seldom, however, that any one trialists to consider claims of alleged of these groups of dusts occurs singly disease resulting from dust exposure as in industry'. Usually we are confronted a form of racket. Although many of with a variety of dusts in varying com these claims are vague and appear to be binations, and until research investiga based upon a desire to get something for tion determines the effects of mixed nothing, health impairment often fol dusts in measured combinations, it is lows prolonged exposure to certain dusts. difficult, if not impossible, to evaluate The harmfulness of dusts varies widely their degrees of harmfulness. with the physical and chemical natures of each substance. Certain dusts are soluble or slightly soluble in the body Diagnosing a Disease fluids and their harmful effects are pro The diagnosis of a disease induced by portional to the toxicity of the com exposure to dust is entirely a medical pounds formed. Lead, mercury and problem, and is based upon a correla arsenic are examples of poisonous dusts. tion of the patient's occupation, his Other dusts exert their harmful effects symptoms, and physical examination. locally on the skin and mucous mem Laboratory and X - ray examinations branes and through irritation to the res must be included when indicated. The piratory passages. Chronic acid and elimination or control of a dust hazard alkalies are examples. Attention has requires the assistance of the engineer, been called recently to the probably the chemist, and specialists in other harmful effect of dusts from radio-active sciences whose training enables them to ores. A fourth group of dusts which are contribute additional information. It is insoluble or very difficulty soluble in the essential to determine the source of the body fluids may initiate harmful patho harmful dust, its concentration within logical lung conditions. These may be the breathing zone of workers, its chemi subdivided into non-fibrosis and fibrosis cal composition, and in most instances, producing dusts. (By fibrosis is merely the particle size measurements of the meant the replacement of the normal dust. With this information and a elastic lung tissue by an unyielding scar knowledge of the length of exposure, tissue.) taking into consideration individual sus The organic dusts, mainly the vege ceptibility and other physical defects of table fibers, such as cotton, jute. hemp, certain individuals, the extent of the etc., are non-fibrosis producing dusts. dust hazard can be fairly well estimated. The fibrosis producing dusts are limited, Dust determinations indicate the loca so far as we have evidence, to a few of tions where preventive measures must the inorganic mineral dusts, such as f "e? be applied. The effective method of pre silica, crystalline silicon, quartz, and vention depends upon the circumstances certain combined silicates. Of the fibro- giving rise to the hazard and may include the segregation of the dustproducing operations, the hooding or enclosing of the operations with the application of adequate exhaust ventila tion, increased general ventilation, the use of protective clothing and respira tors, good housekeeping, and, most im portant of all perhaps, the consistent maintenance of all equipment for dust control. The effectiveness of dust control measures in preventing diseases can be determined only by physical examina tion of the workers so exposed undei competent medical supervision. The benefits which accrue to the employer and employee alike, as a result of the physical examination of all applicant; for employment, as well as periodica examinations of those already engaged would indicate very careful considera tion by industry of a program for contro of sickness. Such a procedure protect.the employer from engaging an appli cant already physically or mentally im paired who later may claim disability for a condition either not associated wit! employment or contracted during previous employment. The applicant' physical and mental condition is estab fished and by keeping records of hi subsequent illnesses and accidents, th< question of responsibility for injuries ant sicknesses incurred during employmen need never arise. The applicant is protected from en gaging in work for which he is physi tally ill adapted. For example, an appli cant with an arrested tuberculosis wh> seeks work in certain dusty occupation; if allowed to engage in such work migh readily convert an inactive tuhercuiosi into an active one. The same applicant if assigned to a position that involves no such exposure, might be expected t continue for years as a useful and pre ductive workman. Many of the younger individuals whseek employment have never before re ceived a thorough physical examinatior and consequently are unaware of th< defects from which they suffer. As . result of physical examinations, man; defects are located which may be cor NATIONAL SAFETY NEW: jliil 35 LeRCUROCHBOME (dibrom-oxymercuri-fltioresceitt-sodium) is especially useful not only for the iirst aid station but algo for the home medicine cabinet. HEven minor wounds may become infected when antiseptic treatment is de layed. IfThe prompt use of an antiseptic is an important preventive meas ure. *[Be prepared with Mercurochrome for first aid care of all minor wounds and abrasions. In more serious cases a physician should be consulted. HYNSOX, WESTCOTT & DUNNING, Inc. Baltimore, Maryland DECEMBER. 1931 36 rected before they have caused irrepar able damage. Furthermore, incipient tuberculosis, unsuspected diseases of the heart, kidneys, and a host of other diseases of similar nature are discovered and the applicant referred for proper medical treatment which otherwise might have been postponed until too late. Of even more importance than the initial physical examination of appli cants is the periodic examination and care of old employees. Such a proce dure serves to check the efficiency of pre ventive measures designed to prevent occupational diseases. It offers the most effective way of controlling the health of large groups of workers by discovering early not only occupational diseases, but many other conditions that go undis covered until the worker is acutely ill or becomes disabled. If the various contagious conditions go unrecognized, others become infected. The information obtained from physi cal examinations affords the medical supervisor the opportunity to make cer tain that employees are engaged in suit able work, to correct the effects of undue exposure to harmful environmental con ditions, and generally to lessen all occu pational hazards. As a public health measure, it is impossible to over-estimate the value of such periodic examinations in establishing among employees interest in sickness prevention. For a long time the importance of accident prevention has been well recog nized by industry. The very earliest attempts at industrial medicine consisted largely in the prevention and treatment of accidents occurring in the course of employment. By systematic work along educational lines and establishment of safety departments supervised by train ed personnel the occurrence of serious injuries has been enormously reduced. The problem that confronts all industries today is how to bring about a like reduc tion in so-called occupational diseases. Since actions for damages on account of diseases due to alleged negligence of the employer are being b-outht with increasing frequency in the civil courts, many bills have been introduced in state legislatures for the purpose of bringing certain occupational diseases under the compensation acts. At the present time considerable discussion as to the advis ability of including the most important of the lung diseases caused by dusts, namely silicosis, under the compensation law is heard. Despite the fact that sili cosis is purely an occupational d'seus:*. none of the state workmen's compensa tion laws in the United States specify silicosis a compensable occupational disease, with the exception of Kentucky which passed an amendment, effective June 14, 1934, permitting employers in certain industries subject to the silica dust hazard to voluntarily place them Buy Christmas Seals JUUUUUUL1 SEASONS GREETINGS 1934 TITItwi Help Fight Tuberculosis selves under the workmen's compensa tion act with respect to silicosis. Of the eleven states and three terri tories in which occupational disease is compensable, five have schedules of diseases which shall be covered and none of these lists silicosis, so that it is definitely not compensable in Illinois, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, and Ohio. In six states and two territories and in the District of Columbia, there is more or less general coverage for occupational diseases, and silicosis may be held compensable under the iaws of California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Massachusetts, by mutual consent of employer and em ployees in Missouri, and in North Dakota and Wisconsin. The governors of a few states hav" appointed commissions to study th' methods for bringing diseases caused by certain dusts under the compensation act and for promoting preventive measures. Valuable reports have been issued by such commissions in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, while New Jersey, Illi nois and Wisconsin have studied the situation intensively. The Massachusetts and Wisconsin commissions recommended regulations for preventive measures, since the dis ease is already a compensable one in the states. The Massachusetts com mission's recommendations included compulsory physical examinations on entrance to certain specified hazardous employments and periodic examinations throughout exposure, neither of which was carried through. The Industrial Commission of Wisconsin has develop^} and put into effect a code which attempts to define a harmful concentration of various injurious dusts and establishes a "safe limit" below which the .imosphere of workrooms must be maintained. The Pennsylvania Commission recom mended a scheduled list of diseases and special provisions for the compensation of disabled workers with strong empha sis on a medical board of control such as exists in the British Empire. These references serve to indii ate the trend of present-day thought with re spect to control and diagnostic me.turi ? Control measures cover a wide <_uue i,f conditions to be standardized, which, besides physical examinations, 1m lude methods of determining the extent of hazards; equipment designed to protect the workers; and the elimination or con trol of contributing factors. These problems can be solved only by the com bined experience of trained men in the various sciences. The diagnosis of the diseases resulting from exposure in in dustrial hazards and the extent of disa bility incurred obviously should b in trusted to medical men specially quali fied for this work with facilities for adequate radiological examinations. Dis puted cases should be referred to a board capable of coordinating the medi cal, radiological, and pathologic il l\ aminations as well as the results of, scientific investigations. The set up of a proper program for medical control of workers expo=m u> dust depends upon the number of em ployees involved and individual plant conditions. A series of articles under the title of "The Medical Depa iment Manual" by Dr. Hart E. Fisher, pub lished in recent numbers of Inuu\'rtal Medicine, gives a very comprehensive account of the organization, operation, and routines of a medical department. Any number of instances of adequate medical supervision of workers might be listed, differing in certain respects, but all retaining the essential features or control measures. Briefly, these include: 1. Establishment of a medical department with adequate facilities and qualified niedrcw . personnel. A process analysis of all operauopt in the plant should be made and the frTi supervisor should list all possible hazards and familiarize himself with physiological effects. If necessary, he she ,? i onduct reseatch studies to determine the (Please turn to page 63) slip NATIONAL SAFE'H NEpl 37 FIRST AID FOR SERIOUS BURNS TRADE MARK TANNAFAX TANNIC ACID JELLY BRAND Always fresh and ready for immediate application--`Tannafax' does not deteriorate. Non-oily--non-greasy---has a water-soluble base. Contains 0.5% phenol, which insures sterility and has a mild local anaesthetic action. Entirely eliminates the inconven ience and delay occasioned in preparing solutions. Indispensable to every complete First Aid Equipment in the Industrial Field Available in tubes of two sizes:--20 grammes and 4 ounces. Mail coupon for detailed descriptive literature. Burroughs Wellcome & Co. 9 & ii East Forty-first Street NEW YORK CITY Associated Houses: London (Eng.) Montreal Sydney Cape Town Bombay Shanghai Buenos Aires Milan DFCE.WBFR. 193 ( protection 'TABLOID' FIRST-AID PRODUCTS Send 'Tannafax' descriptive literature. Name_________ ______________________ Street address.___ ________________________ ' it v _________ _ State_________________________ ___ ___ Safe Handling of Chlorates and Perchlorates Industrial Data Sheet D-Chem. 8 A. Problem 1. What are the hazards in the handling and storage of chlorates and perchlorates and what protective mea sures should be taken against these hazards? B. Hazards 2. Chlorates and perchlorates are hazardous because of the quantity of oxygen they liberate when heated. They also form -explosive mixtures with sugar, charcoal, shellac, sulphur, starch, saw dust, sweepings, dust or other organic materials, and also with sulphuric acid, potassium cyanide, phosphorus or anti mony sulphide. They may be detonated and exploded by percussion or friction. Perchlorates when contaminated with oil or grease, will detonate on shock. 3. Another danger is that when work ing with chlorates and perchlorates the clothing may become impregnated and then burst into flames easily because of friction or nearby heat. C. Discussion Containers 4. All chlorates and perchlorates must be transported in containers which con form to the requirements of the Inter state Commerce Commission (See Note X). 5. Chlorates and perchlorates are usually stored in wood boxes, kegs and small barrels, lined with heavy brown manila paper, or placed in close woven burlaps or cheese-cloth sacks and packed in one of the above containers. This is to prevent the crystals from falling through the cracks frequently found in wooden containers. 6. Repairs to damaged containers should not be made in storage buildings. All discarded wooden containers should be destroyed by burning and should not lie used as containers for other articles. If destroyed by burning, they prefer ably should not he broken up but should be placed whole upon the fire. How ever, if they are first broken to pieces, this should be done out of doors. Storage 7. Whenever it becomes necessary to store large quantities of chlorates and perchlorates great care should be exer cised in the selection of a proper type and location of building. 8. The building should be cool, dustfree and of fire - resistant construction and should be located in a field where there is no possibility of fire communi cating with other buildings. Buildings used for storage of these materials should be dearly marked in a conspicuous place with the name of contents and with pre cautions for handling. These materials should never be stored in a building with other chemicals. 0. Chlorates and perchlorates should be stored in a similar manner and with as much care as high explosives. 10. Containers should never be allow ed to become wet due to a leaky roof while in storage or from exposure to weather. All chlorates are soluble in water. The water solution impregnates the wood of the container. After the water is evaporated, fine crystals of the chlorates will be found on the sides and bottom of the container. This makes the container dangerous to handle be cause of the possibility of starting a fire from friction created by scraping the container along the floor. Numerous fires have occurred in this manner. Handling 11. Chlorates and perchlorates shou'd be transported from storage to the point of consumption in the smallest quantities National Safety Council. Inc. 20 North Wucker Drive. Chicago. 111. that are practicable. They should be handled in buckets with glazed surfaces and tight covers somewhat similar to some types of milk pails, so as to pre vent spillage. 12. The contents of damaged boxes and barrels should be immediately trans ferred to good containers so that con tents will not spill over the floor while transferring the materials from one point to another. Instances are known of where workers stepping on spills of chlorates and perchlorates have been seriously burned because the friction be tween their shoes, the materials and the floor has started fires. 13. Workers who handle chlorates and perchlorates should be provided will and required to wear special protectiv clothing. This special clothing as wel as the containers used for handling th> materials should be kept in the storage building when not in use. Under m conditions should they be allowed to re main in other buildings. 14. Men handling chlorates anperchlorates should be thoroughly ir. structed as to the nature of the materia! and the danger of rough handling. 15. Frequent accidents occur in labo: atories and semi - work plants whei chlorates and perchlorates are used i making starting mixtures for differei types of ammunition. In making mi: tures spatulas of non-ferrous or no: sparking materials should be used, ar where experimental batches are mad this work should always take place b hind a screen of steel plate or reinfora glass. With steel plate screens it necessary to use mirrors. Note X---Complete information on the sign and construction of containers for shippi and transporting chlorates and perchlora will he found in Bureau of Explosives Pa oillet No. 9. 'interstate Commerce Camrr. siim Regulations for the Transport by Rail Explosives and Other Dangerous Articles Freight, Express .smi Baggage* Services." NATIONAL SAFETY NEV Oh! Oh! Here's Just What I Need to Complete My 1935 Safety Plans!'' The Safe Worker Why not let THE SAFE WORKER work for you, too, during 1935? This 16-page monthly booklet enjoys nation-wide popularity as a most effective medium in plant safety work. Members every where proclaim that its continued distribution plays an important part in their accident preven tion achievements. Workers like it because it is fresh, interesting, helpful and mighty pleasant reading. Management likes it because it pro motes safety and helps build morale. The Safe Driver The SAFE DRIVER, published in the interest of bus, truck and taxi operators has a three-fold objective: To promote safety; to encourage efficiency; and to build morale. It is enjoyed each month by operators in hundreds of fleets, large and small. Drivers read its "humanized" stories and profit from its helpful, practical sug gestions. You'll like this little 16-page magazine, and you'll quickly understand its tremendous popularity and wholesome influence. Write Today---Will gladly rush sample copies National Safety Council Inc., 20 N. Wacker Drive, Chicago, III. DECEMBER, 1934 Tnc Bulletin Board A page fox* those who maintain the Show Windows of Safety Conducted by STAN KERSHAW Winter Hazards A Long Range Bulletin Board accidents and near accidents that are directly or fairly closely related to the N HOW IS the time to make a drive OW ONE plant got 100 per cent subject of the poster. on winter hazards. If you have reader interest in its bulletin not planned a special poster campaign boards has been described by Walter J. These stories need not all relate to on this subject, why not do so at once? Brennan, safety engineer for the Here are some posters particu'arly ment of Labor and Industry, State suited for the~purpose: Maine. It can't miss, he insists. Deparatccidents within the company, although of it is so much the better if they do. News paper clippings of stories describing local accidents, particularly if persons No. 4913-B, 17x23 inches, 4 units In the plant where it was tried, there known to the employees are involved, --A sprinkling of sand or ashes may was a long sweep of yard visible from will arouse much interest. save a person from serious injury. a part of the plant where the employees No. 4013, 9x12 inches, 1 unit--The congregated every noon. At the far end footing may be bad but a little care will of this stretch he placed a weather proof The condition of a bulletin board re prevent a slip. bulletin board on which he mounted flects the sincerity of purpose of the No. 4622, 9 x 12 inches, 1 unit--It's better to report icicles than accidents. Don't wait for someone else to do it. some safety posters. At the point where the men gathered he erected a substantial pedestal on which he clamped a tele scope aimed at the board. entire program of safety work. How can we expect a worker to have any respect for safety if our safety advertis ing looks like a last year's bird's nest? No. 5008, 9x 12 inches, 1 unit--If you must sneeze, sneeze in your handker chief; it's yours. Don't sneez? in the air; it's everybody's. No. 4300, 9x 12 inches, 1 unit--Colds can be prevented. Avoid overeating, The expected took place. Everyone wanted to look through the telescope. This is an excellent example of how a little originality will create interest in the posters. Don't forget that there are 756 differ ent kinds <of safety posters from which to make your selections. Besides the 63 in this issue there are 693 in the other loss of sleep, constipation. eleven most recent issues of the No. 4968-B, 17x23 inches, 4 units Supplement Posters with National Safety News to choose from. ..-Winter driving demands your best Accident Stories judgment. Ice, snow, rain, mud, soft shoulders--any of these may get you UCH additional strength can be A well organized safety bulletin board into serious trouble. Drive cautious'y. stay safe! M given to almost any good poster program permits no let up in the daily or by surrounding it with typed stories woef ekly changes of displays. Subject Cleaning, uiling. Adjusting and Feeding Machinery Clothing Explosions, Electricity, Heat. Etc, Eye and Jb';u-e Protection Falling Objects Falls of Workers Fire Prevention First Aid Guards Hand Tools Handling objects Harmful SubM;m<> Health Hoistmc and <Aifivevin Horseplay and instructed Attention Houseko**miiu In/Vonon* Machinery---` Wnerai Saictv Shoos Stepping: on or i trikimr Against objects iincludinsr nails) July 1934 Issues of National Safety News in Which posters Are Illustrated AUSUSt 4432 September October S2S1. 4862 November December 4091. 4752 4097, 4756 5197. 5203 5202 5207, 442u, 5200 4679, 4756 5189. 5200 4054, 4753 4061, 5203 4416, 47 HIT. 5205 *73 2 5204, 4752 4764. 47 49 tO 9 2 5203 4775, 4420 ToSi-R 4 70s - B 2519 4792 5210. 5214 2634-1*. 4550 2668 2780. 4602 SS04, tttl 4809 5220, 4S02 5256-B. 4822, | 2492, 2236 4697 4440 4854 1 f.241, 4014, I 5*84, 6282. 4*55 (S30, 4825 3098.4205,4871 1 5286. 5287 3010-B, 5202-D.I 5283. 5288 2305, 5244 2786, 2390 4341-B 4437 4442, 25SS 4834, 5239 1 5240 2492, 4871 4796 4795, 4810, 4*05 4846, Csm-80 2765 4175, 5251. 2848 5237, 3013 4483, 4854 4095 2688 17S9. 5221 4800 4461 S4 5252. 2525 5249 4 456. 2096 2525 4355 4 456, 4613, 5236 5237, 5212, 5297 4389, 44s2 5258 5292 4069, 5276 j 4222. 4895 5303 4903. 4152 4850 2069 4905. 5317. 5305 3016 4168-K 4901. 5304 5304. 5314 5306 5311. 4698. 2969 5312. 5821. 3040 4206, 4nm 4906 4109. 4497 4243 f.32K, 5330, 5329. 4936 2640-B 5266-D, 4512. 4065- B. 4684 5335 5331. 2788 4161. 4109 1311 5383 299$ 4 455, 4529 5323 2004, 3005 1134. 4525 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS DO YOUR SLOWING DOWN ahead ofintersection i NOT IN IT - PICK UP SPEED WHILE PASSING THROUGH SAFETY is your great est responsibility while driving * Know the rules of the road and local regulations * The ancient rule still stands "Ignorance of the law excuses no man" ATtONAC > A F t T V COUNCIL YOULLMAkt on THIS BETTIK TIME with SAFETY NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL ANOTHER YEAR GONE ARE YOU PROUD OF YOUR SAFETY RECORD national safety couni Does your DRIVING SET PASSENGERS ON [DOl It isn't too late vet (Z Clean off the old slate and start anew/ 4. T O N A HAPPY NEW YEAR May you enjoy a full measure of health and happiness during 1935. NATION May your continued interest in Safety reap rich reward to your family, your fellow workers and yourself through the prevention of needless accidents. c a u nc ' CUTS AND SCRATCHES MAY TAKE YOUR LIFE IF NOTATTENDEDTO PROMPTLY AND PROPERLY IV Who Suffers Most ? NAT O N A L SAFI. T V COUNCIL ^ Mf National Safety Council SAFETY CONTEST ENDING JUNE 30IH iiSill We're competing with others in die same business all over m the country and a good record `will give us a national reputation for safety__________________ LETS HAVE NO ACCIDENTS ,41: "HE WAS PLAYING wr/fo RAILROAD TRACKS" T SOME PEOPLE KNOCK ON WOOD ! OTHERS II# PRACTICE SAFETY s I national 5J3.-H 17*2J inches \ 4 n,, 4103 H ISwIl .mne- n1 h WHEN BACKING BE EXTRA CAREFUL NATIONAL. A f tTY COUNCIL JIB I:*?; :.l!.cs I. FIRE GOOD ENOUGH IS NOT GOOD ENOUGH MAKE IT NATIONAL. S A !' T 4044-B 17*23 inch** A GOOD SERVANT BUT A HARD MASTER PREVENT IT 0 N c '1 ilillil 4 units /mO-H 17*23 4 wits 17x73 inches " ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION `UlMNOEftS* jili Nl / w*i l*a,v ETO OOteAWS'Nd AT WAfHiNC. h Keep tools where thei) belong1 u1 V rOfrT.l g---...-.. *- 00MT FORGET THAT-- DAY DPEAMSls l CAN BECOME ! iNIGHTMARtS/i* NATIONAL AT I O N A L `i A V r S265'I> U*l8 inches 7 unin 533H tell inekM I unit Fir-* trftu it.', mm t>- ImV-1 I mid *!'" **E x 1 <uii J| f.u 42 .jilt M -Jk 512$ Kilim hi* ' wm*\u xuni \r` NO MATTER HOW SMALL THE INJURY * IT MUST - BE REPORTED HLS PROTECTED HE USES THE BELT6LIFE-LINE ii NATIONAL, SAFETY COUNCIL NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL Ihe HUMANBODYis more wonderfulthan anymachine / an injury can wreck it NATIONAL. % A P fc "T V COUNCIL No man is safer than the most cai'eless man in the mine Themanwhoi ^:rushesiiWi;j heaalontf*-* TIT GA NATIONAL & A I- e T f COUNCI4 u5uallyc6mcs NATIONAL FETY COUNCIL  HE WATCHES HIS STEP- DO YOU WATCH YOURS? NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL THIS MAN CAUGHT HIS GLOVE IN b MOVING MACHINERY AND IT STRIP- - PED THE SKIN FROM HIS ARM _ JUDGMENT NATIONAl \AFrT * < C> M N L I L j. 27BH 9*12 inches l unit REMOVE -. " PROTRUDING NAILS 1 (. N A >. : A f CTY CaONCIL 45.5 inches 1 unil Use a. lot of it to prevent Accidents NATIONAL SAFETY tin lies COUNCIL Famous Last Words - 1P III NT i I! .f y? ,-A A GOOD WELDER NEVER OVERLOOKS THE DANGERS OF HIS WORK ' ` ^ LL* : "-mV TIS BETTER. NOTTO REACH AT ALL. MOVE THE LADDER SAVE A FALL NATIONAL S AF ETV c o U N C t L- 1|& ip ppl|il#| &IIfPg| lgi|gt p|ui liJCjB|g rr " naigjKb.K-' tH GET FIRST AID NO MATTER HOW SLIGHT THE WOUND FIT Y i" Q O N C i L 5SM 9x}2 Ificftcn I unit 9*12 Inches i hiah. Fjx'rtml'epn m#? Iw.pwtbA'wl tnn..tliv.INAfV*j t.'snsmJl /* J ` slisfe?*; -WirJIft* ^ k'4'i; THIS MAN HAS TAKEN THE NECESSARY PRECAUTIONS ON THIS PARTICULAR JOB................. NATIONAL *?5h IM-* XVHOiNAt According to PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE 20,000 PERSONS WILL BE KILLED THIS YEAR BY FALLING WILL YOU BE ONE _ OFTHEM? NATIONAL, S A f l T Y--. COUNCIL STAND TO ONE SIDE WHEN USING CIRCULAR SAW KNEE IMS SPRUCESUVEft 9 FEET LONG and j/nch square ms driven THRU TUBMAMS 771/0/ AND 6 INCHES OF FLESH fitft rt ZYYY> BE COT TO REMOVE THE STICK, WHAT /F IT HAD P/EDOED ff/S ABDOMEN P NATIONAL S A F CTY COU NCM WONDER WHAT A MACHINE GUARD Would Say? I HERE I AM- . LEFT OFF AGAIN/n k J ,`Yv.a M>j*y , - jU NA r- UNTIL SOMEONf GETS HURT AND THEN I WILL 6 HAULED OUF IN A HURRY 7 4 ,r .tjai , ^Wn* il'} i N \ M WON! HE IQNO NOW-THE FOREMAN SEES Mt-lLIBt BACK | ftHERE I BELONG , IN A JIFfY ~~C t` NATIONAL WHY IS IT- All chains andcables should be examined regularly NATIONAL I IONAL 'i A F C T Y COUNCIL THAT ONLY JACKASSES TRY HORSE PLAY j ^ T. , NATIONAL _________________j SAFETY COUNCIL GASMASKS A Jr ARE LIFE SAVERS Failure to wear one I when necessary is nothing short cf suicide ' ' - NATIONAL SA. - U N C It WATCH FOR THIS FELLOW krI O N A L r o U NC I L Your ccr are worth more To you THAN hll IN* . N-nNi&rjV WE|| 0IECTpr THEM By WEMV IN6 YOUR l^EZsZZZCIZ^ZZJOZZZ'mm NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL THIS I maybe just abarmless lookn& track-butboy v&at lean doto careless bands and feet is nobodys business" NATIONAL SAFETY C Q U N C L OPENING i MAY CAUSE A FATAL ACCIDENT COVER HATCHES PROPERLY kTIONAI, SAFETY C O U NC lL 4319 OjUX taction I unit JJJO iJx32 inches HAND HOOKS JIE SAFE if you Keep handles tight Keep points sharp Keep free from rust and if you aim straight... CO U NC !I 9x12 inches LEARN 'jgP xBY\THE\\x \ EXPERIENCE ft OE OTHERS ,t SA TV AVOID INFLUENZA GRIPPE AND COLDS BY OBSERVING THE FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS ttrrftrtVtt *1 .or >0 m r** #Uf **a***->t^tr**^mi* >ASt *2 "T yf li t* / t (*.:; ( tir?.-i*."t ky J -tttr.tr. , tflj ^ *,*, : 2A'M rtr tttat^ LwLat Q S f afK4r*t *i <~B ro*ae prtt O* (t* My tt^tltiitt. t?* a*4 uudt ,j,rt in rftt rtwtm>int ivt --rfti. Lu1,|f 3.!r.itt trtt yM qtt At pull irrt-nt * ' vttp Q R ft* Ank y*u> tfettt rnr Rty, 7 - ffrj wn n--y. ttU t 4 * At.. M... , i,f.A^HnwUttMM It.^nfii fctl, w*t - t 5 $If >A. lttrt --ft I 4vtr art 64t. i.v--ittt.tritiit 10.: IF YOU DEVELOP A FEVER GO TO BED AND CALL YOUR DOCTOR a serious iilness may thus k prevented Inflow Can Ip CoHfoltd by ft. Abov. Mmiut.e .* l> >4 A I -Pt- 2562 9x12 isttihfcdi I unit 4tal 9x12 incest I unit Breaking Rules May Cause Broken Bones NATI O N A (. V E T Y COUNCIL 5320 ' a !: a'.s list-. 1 m A Scratch? 11 THIS 1$ NO PLACE TO SWAP #|: ITORICI 1 fml k ' i O N A i, A f E. T Y Si O U N C. I L 299B ;9xU.i&ehfcft I Unit 46S4 stotJ 2 tuchtft 1 unit iF^i!^jiYrtY|!M)>w' ItlikirY if pWtdhdMtd flY ita* Matawt Srift-fj ClnUtit'il Fft W t^r-h 4134 *\k1? niches t jv. MIHtMl -IKV n \t l' 48 Are Overloaded Trucks Hazardous? By O. J. CROMMETT Vice-President, Service Mutual Liability Insurance Company UR records do not show that the hauling canned goods, eight tons to a O overloading of trucks is a direct cause of accidents. Some load, from Newburyport to Lynn over a most dangerous, hilly, and fast moving drivers, however, say there is an accitdraefnfitc route. He drives within the iaw factor in overloading, and the accident until the last load, when he finds a two- comes when the authorities catch them at it. The minute the driver gets under way with an appreciable overload, he ton overload will dean up the job and save an extra trip. He takes the chance and gets away with it but he violates the feels the added burden in the way the truck handles, especially in the way the brakes take hold. He knows he is iaw and imperils not only his own life but that of others, and he casts a re flection on his employer's integrity. taking chances with the law, with his The customer who hires a truck by life, and with the lives of others; he is the hour or on the mileage basis naturally on his guard, drives with extraordinary wants as large a load carried as possible. caution, and no accident happens. The driver should stop the loading Now overloading once in a while is a when it reaches the legal limit, explain most natural sin. The court records and to the customer and refer him, if neces the Department suspensions show that sary, to the office of the operator if he even the best of us overload and get persists in overloading. 7'his is the job caught now and then. A truck load of of the fleet manager and not of the commodities, such as wool. coke, or driver. lumber, may start out with a legal limit The general motoring public, too. is load, and a pouring rain storm or driving watching the trucking industry with a snow will increase that load ten to critical eye. It has contributed heavily fifteen per cent. Under these conditions, towards the cost of building state high we have a no-pav overload as the result ways throughout the country. So have of an ``Act of God"; yet it is an overload the truckmen. Naturally, both are proud in the eyes of the law. of these highways they have helped pay Another serious problem is the clean for and feel a real personal ownership in up load which for-hire truckmen get up them. Rightly or wrongly, the motor against frequently. Here is a fellow ing public blames the big, heavy', over Abstract of a paper presented at the thirst New Rutland m>ty Conference, loaded trucks for the holes and deep ruts we find now and then, especially in the spring. That is a natural inference, but it is bad for the trucking industry. The truck with its high, lopsided load, ap pearing to the layman as an overload and just about ready to topple over, gives another jolt to the public mind against the operator. The overloaded truck, large or small, lumbering along to make the crown of the hill, gets on the nerves of the long line of traffic behind it. Then there is the truck with the flapping canvas covering flying in the wind, the truck with the overhanging load, the truck that "rolls the hills," the truck that plays the road hog,--all these create a bitter feeling against truckmen as a class. This sentiment hurts a whole lot and reacts against us when defending claims before juries. Every company operating delivery vehicles pays for it in higher liability insurance rates. As much as any other one thing, a drive to correct this sentiment will be well worth while to us all. Just a word now about the fellow who registers, say, a one and one-half ton truck with an excess load of 1000 pounds to save a few dollars in his regis tration fee, then goes ahead and puts three tons on it. He is not only overload ing according to the law, but under the code he is--shall we call him a chiseler? When all is said and done, overload ing in the past few years has been dut largely to the fact that the fleet opera tor could not get an adequate rate to pay him to make the trip without overload ing. That overload was his profit! Wher. the code gets under full swing, and the scale of fair prices established, the principal cause for overloading will be done away with. Duquesne Light Co. Wins Third Safety Trophy OR the third time, the Duquesm F Light Company of Pittsburgh, ha been awarded the trophy of the Pennsyl vania Electric Association for the bes record in accident prevention amon: power companies in the state employin more than S00 workers. The contest began July 1, 1933, am ended June 30, 1934, Eight companie competed with the Duquesne Light Com panv, which had a total of 21 accident for the contest period, making a frr quency rate of 3.75 accidents per millio hours worked. The Duquesne Light Company had frequency rate 22 per cent lower than tb average rate of the group. Honors wer won by this company in 1931 and 1932 In 1933 first place went to the Phila delphia Electric Company. NATIONAL SAFETY NEW: 49 DUPOR Rec. V. S. Pot. Off. The ORIGINAL REVOLUTIONARY Double Filter Chamber RESPIRATOR BULB VALVE TYPE No. 4 Has a clear entrance filter aperture of 7'j sq. in. and uses felt filter pads. Extra Pads, Extra Pads, in. thick, Ic each in. thick, 4c each Price $18.00 Dozen Sample postpaid, $1.50 Basic and Detail Patents Allowed The slower speed of the air through the felt filter pads, causes more dust and spray to be caught. First users of DUPOR are continually ordering more. Thousands in Use. Used in smoke, paint spray, light fumes, vapors and all kinds of dust. Manufactured only by BULB VALVE TYPE No. 6 Has a check valve in each filter chamber, and enlarged adjustable filter chambers of screw cap type and the very large filter aperture of I I `s' sq. in. Extra Pads, thick, 3c each Extra Pads, in. thick, 6c each This type fills the most exacting requirements for a Respirator of its kind. Price $30.00 Dozen Sample postpaid $2.50 H. S. COVER CHIPPEWA-A SOUTH BEND, INDIANA U. S. A. DU Announcing A NEW SAFETY SHOE Entirely new pattern with Improved Steel Box Toe. Roomy. Comfortable Last 618--Black Elk Scout Pat tern Oak Sole. Rubber Heel Goodyear Welt. ."> to 12 EE 619--A s a b o v e e x e e p t Gbrome Sole and Heel. IN STOCK 613--Black Elk Scout Pat tern Grid Rubber Sole and Heel. Glinch Nail Fastening. 3 to 12 EE Lehigh Safety Shoe Co.. Inc. 31-33 South Seventh Street DECEMBER. 1934 Allentown. Penna. 5(1 Contest Solves Problems ol Reorganization the operators and the maintenance crews. All mechanical, track and roadway crews are included in a third contest the purpose of which is to reduce em ployee accidents and the responsibility of the foreman is emphasized in this contest. It is worked out on the three months basis as compared with the previous six months record as is done in the other two contests. The results at Washington to date in dicate that this method of conducting safety contests is working out success fully and may serve as an illustration to other properties faced with safety problems either of a general character or with special features such as Washing ton had to face as a result of reorgani zation. Left: J. G. Jenkins, superintendent, Georgetown Division, Capital Transit Company, winner of the safety-courtesy contest, July-September, 1934. Right: George Emmart, foreman of the Northeastern Division car house, winner of the reliability contest for the same period. A.G.C. Urges Increased Safety Efforts ecognizing the seriousness of R accident losses in the Construction industry, the Governing Board and Ad visory Board of the Associated General Contractors of America passed the fol lowing resolution at the regular Fall Board Meeting, held at Chicago, October 22-23: OCAL mass transportation sys face the same weather conditions and L tems are continually striving to find an attractive as well as the same traffic conditions and the same general circumstances as each of the equitable method of dealing with Safeottyh.er divisions in the department. In One of the most recent plans evolved is addition to safety, courtesy is included that of the Capital Transit Company at as a feature of the contest and the Washington. charges against the divisions are made About a year ago this company was on the following basis: formed as a merger of the Washington Railway and Electric Company and the Capita! Traction Company and now provides the mass transportation for Washington in its entirety, including the majority of the bus service. This consolidation of a large group of employees formerly in two different organizations together with the addition 1. All accidents involving cars and buses which may be the basis for claims. 2. Complaints of discourtesy which warrant disciplinary measures. C Preventable accidents charged a second time if it is reasonable to expect the em ployee could have prevented them. 4, Unreported accidents, each of which is given a penalty equal to two accidents. of new employees, created a safety prob The score is ascertained by adding the lem which was quite unusual. After charges against the division and dividing careful study it was decided to promote the total by the number of miles oper contests in the three important branches ated. The winner is the division which of the service-- operating, mechanical makes the best improvement in the three and maintenance. months as compared with the previous In the Operating Department the con six months. test period covers three months and the The competition for maintenance results of the contest are based on the crews is based on the record of the crew improvement shown by each division which makes the greatest improvement of the Department as compared with in breakdowns of equipment for the the division's record in the previous six three months as compared with the months. This provides that the con previous six months. The inclusion of tests in each of the divisions of the maintenance crews in the contest en Operating Department require them to courages greater cooperation between Whereas, current statistics show that the Accident experience for the Construction In dustry' is worse than that reported for twenty seven other major industries; and Whereas, under the present conditions of unemployment many men inexperienced in the hazards of construction are being given relief employment; and Whereas, the Federal Government in its many divisions, bureaus, and departments, and also in its Code promulgation activities, has par ticularly stressed and advocated accident preven tion measures, thus giving Federal recognition to importance and value of accident preven tion work: now therefore Be It Resolved, that we, the Governing Board and Advisory Board of the Associated General Contractors of America, in regular session assembled do sincerely appeal to every member of the A.G.C. and the Construction Industry at large to energetically and whole heartedly devote the necessary time, effort and study in this matter of eliminating construction hazards from within our industry: and Be It Further Resolved, that we urge up on every member of the A.G..C. his participat ing in the Annual Safety Contests conducted by the A.G.C. to the end that interest in acci dent prevention work will be aroused and maintained, as well as providing, through the contest reports, valuable statistics on construc tion accidents. One of the prime requisites for taking a motor vehicle operator's license exami nation is that the car is in good running condition and meets inspection require ments at the time.--The Car. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Win Trophies for Long Safety Records WO Buffalo firms have been award Ted trophies for unusual excellence in accident prevention by Associated Industries of New York State. Inc. These firms, the Buffalo Shops of The Pullman Company and M. Wile & Co., Inc., were the last survivors of a field of 24 firms who were started on the Second Xo-Accident Endurance Contest SURCtCAL DRESSINGS 51 Maxwell S. Wheeler ilofti, president of Associated Industries, presenting trophies to Ben Hirsh i renter i, presi dent of M. Wile & Co., and W. J. Keville fright), manager of the Buffalo -hops of the Pullman Com. panv. of Associated Industries in the fall of 1931. Firms were eliminated as they experienced their first accident. The Pullman Company ran 32 months before j being eliminated but in that time had j operated a total of 4.217.310 man-hours j without an accident. This was the \ highest man-hour expusure reported dur- j ing the contest. The plant of M. Wile ; & Co,. Inc., the final survivor, operated j for 35 months, nearly three years, be- j fore an accident called a halt to their j record. Their final score was 3.653.- j 642.00 man-hours. The management and employees of j the Wile organization were, therefore, J awarded a trophy for having operated l the longest period of time without acei- j dent and those of the Pullman Company 1 a trophy for having amassed the greatest I number of man-hours without accident. I The coupon a ill print you .j :.tnple. THK MAY tiUMPAN'Y, Bridgeport, Lmitt. NS\* V2 Gentlemen: Pli-av* semi me ;t Tree sample of IU\lli.sm'.. L'Miipuiiy "Did you have a good trip?" "Fine. My wife did all the driving." "How lovely' >o you were able to enjoy the scenery?" "Yes. all I had to do was to hold the : steering wheel."- -Cappers Weekly. j Person pijui'sf jiitf Gi.llVSS DECEMBER. 1934 It is obtainable in the follow ing forms: On the new BAY reel container in the following sizes: from 12 inch wide by 2x/z yards long to 3 inches wide by 10 yards long. Supplied in white or flesh color. Surgeon's Rolls---12 inches wide by 5 yards tong, crinoline faced. Also supplied 7 inches wide by I yard long. White or flesh color. For use in the new BAY wall rack which accommodates 12 inch by 10 yard rolls uncut or in assorted widths. THE BAY COMPANY PARKE, DAVIS & CO- 52 How Can the Worker Prevent Falls? (Continued from page n) our step. Mother returning from her vacation sees dad on the platform and she cannot wait to find out if he left the dirty dishes in the sink, or if he put the cat out every night as per schedule. Lovelorn Willie gets a glimpse of his sweetie who looks prettier than ever and for a moment he forgets about common place things such as steps and step boxes and the need for descending carefully. Now, there is a proper time and place for looking into the eyes of the sweetest girl that ever lived, but it is not front the vestibule of a train. One should heed the sign which appears on the steps of every Pullman car -- "Watch Vour Step." Porters plead a strong case against the danger of high - heeled shoes, and here is something else of interest: Many communications point out the common practice indulged in by some passengers of carrying too many personal parcels, such as brief cases, typewriters, hat boxes, fur coats, and other objects which the porters are only too willing to carry. Ladies appear to be the greatest offend ers: not in order to avoid a tip, as one porter points out, but rather the fear of trusting anyone els? with their per sonal property. Don't get the idea that any of our people are trying to dodge responsibility. Careless habits and poor housekeeping come in for some very strong criticism: also failure to inspect thoroughly and at regular intervals. Safety men are, and should be, fully aware of the im portance of these matters, but some times we are not so sure that our workers fully appreciate them. However, after reading their letters, I am con vinced that they fully understand the necessity of good housekeeping and in spection: also that they are wide-awake to the dangers of thoughtlessness, wool gathering and day dreaming which cause many accidents aside from falls. One of the encouraging results of the questionnaire is reflected in the applica tion of safety principles to the home, which indicates that our men are not hanging up their sense of caution along with their overalls. Many of the replies reveal a full appreciation of home haz ards and prove conclusively that the writers have given thoughtful considera tion to this important phase of accident prevention. Old stuff, you say. yet to me it is in spiring to learn that the seed of our educational efforts has borne fruit in the home as well as in the shops, yards, offices, laundries, etc. Scores of hazards were dragged out of their lurking places from every room in the house, the yard and the garage. One indignant gent who had just skidded on a piece of soap im mediately sent in his complaint, writing the letter with one hand while caressing the afflicted portion of his anatomy with the other. A Comedy of Errors Another gentleman relates a comedy of bathroom errors. "I just concluded my bath," he relates, "and was standing up in the tub when my foot slipped. My head struck the side of the bathing receptacle, causing it to tilt, and one of the legs dropped off. I fell and struck my head on the bottom of the bath-tub. This was only the beginning of a series of mishaps. The tub turned on its side, the water pipe burst and a stream of the blawsted liquid gushed ceiiingward. The cut-off was located under the sink in the kitchen. I toddled downstairs in my birthday suit, and in my haste, stumbled, bruising certain portions of my anatomy. Finally I reached the cut-off and in my excitement pulled it too forcibly and the connection broke. I recalled there was another one under the house, so draping a table-cloth around my loins, and gliding like a nymph, I descended into the dark and dusty depths where f barked my shins on my offspring's kiddy-kar. At last I succeeded in turn ing off the water. Results: Painful bruise on my cranium -- I might have fractured it; miscellaneous contusions: exposing myself to pneumonia: con siderable flood damage, followed by a plumber's bill, all of which could have been avoided by the use of a rubber mat at the bottom of the receptacle used for my ablutions." One of our colored ambassadors edited a splendid treatise, on the subject of safety which indicates that he has given the matter serious study and considera tion. and furthermore that he is well versed in the fundamentals of accident prevention. The concluding paragraph commences with the Greek word for safety, "which," he says, "may be Greek to many: in fact, it is: but translated into English means safety which is Greek' to many people in vy language." Another chap wrote describing a con test sponsored by the Delaware Safety Council from which it appears that the majority of home accidents occur on Saturday afternoon to male members of the household, and that most of the injuries are caused by falls in the kitchen. This indicates that the lady of the house leaves some work for the bread-winner to perform on his day off and in his haste to complete it--wishing to attend the ball game -- he fails to apply safe practices as he does in the shop. "Such accidents," he concludes, "could have been prevented by the use of a little more time and care." Incidentally, the "hurry-up" theme is predominant in a great many letters. In the opinion of one author, we move too quickly; we do not think fast enough. In other words, while the tempo of our work and play has been speeded up to conform to the demands of the modern age, we still think along Victorian lines. Some writers go into considerable de tail in explaining why we have so many falls on stairways. They point out the danger of poor railings or no railings at all, obstacles on steps, defective steps, etc. Some correspondents remind ns that basement stairs are often too steep and have dangerous turns. Thev point out the risk of poor lighting and empha size the hazard of junk piled on the steps. One letter called attention to the fact that front stairways are usually kept neat but those leading to attics and basements are often neglected. If it were not for the element of pride, the front stairs would be just as untidy and dan gerous as the others. The neighbors seldom-see the basement stairways. An amateur athlete informs us that acrobats are taught how to fall. When they find themselves descending they relax, while ordinary mortals become tense. Our contest was an experiment which opens up a fertile field for future efforts. Regardless of results, we do know that the subject of conversation among thousands of Pullman men--and rail road men, too--was falls, and the effort involved was more than justified. My solution of the problem is more intensive supervision. For instance, snow and ice on steps, platforms, walkways, etc., are a prolific source of falls. Certainly, they are en tirely unnecessary. They could be pre vented by the use of salt, cinders or sand. But too many employers con sider only the expense. T ant thinking of one rase where we paid $3,000 to a maid who slipped on an icy platform in a railroad yard. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 53 Personals Two New Products: The following officers have been elected by (he Safety Section. Association of American Rail roads -- Steam Railroad Section. National Safety Council, for the year 1934-35: COOL II ATS Left--Sou'wester type COOL HAT with soft collapsible leather brim---it can't easily be knocked off. Below--COOL HAT with hard brim for neck and shoulder protection. T. H. Harrow Chairman Thomas H. Car- row. superintend ent of safety. Pennsylvania Railroad. Philadelphia. First Vice-chairman--Willis H. Fail ing, claims attorney, Reading Company -- Central Railroad of New Jersey. Philadelphia. ( Comfortable Companions to the Celebrated COOL CAP Are .\ow Available with Soft and Hard Brims! COOL HATS combine all the proved advantages of COOL CAPS --including the comfortable, flexible ventilated forehead band---plus Second Vice-chairman--C, K. Larson, superintendent of safety. Missouri Pa cific Lines. St. Louis. wide brims to shed water and solid particles from the neck .... The coal mining industry has adopted the COOL CAP with open arms because of the unusual comfort and head protection it provides Secretary-..J. C. Caviston, 30 Vesey --there is no tightness or irritation to the forehead--just SOLID Street. New York City. | COMFORT throughout the entire shift .... COOL HATS are finding favor in wet coal and metal mines, quarries and construction Hon. Harold G. Hoffman, Com missioner of -Motor Vehicles for New projects where wide brims offer especial head protection advantages. COMPLETE INFORMATION ON REQUEST Jersey, and Chairman of the Street and Do You Have A Copy Of Our No. 34 Catalog? Highway Traffic Section of the .National j Safety Council, was elected governor of I PORTABLE LAMP & EQUIPMENT CO. the state on November o. Governor | Hoffman has been Commissioner of Mo MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF SAFETY EQUIPMENT tor Vehicles since April 1. 1930. and had | previously served as mayor, state legis- 1 405 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. iator and congressman. He has been in eight political campaigns and has not , --COOL CAPS and HATS ARE ALSO DISTRIBUTED BY-- yet been defeated. His election on the G. A. LUCKENBACH URQUHART SERVICE THE MINER RUBBER CO., LTD. Republican ticket in a Demmratie year ` ! 634 Jefferson Avenue, 2133 Blake Street, Grandby, Quebec, is evidence of his personal popularity 1 Scranton, Pa. Denver, Colo. Canada throughout New Jersey. ! As commissioner of motor vehicles, , he made the New Jer-ev Department ( one of the leaders in the promotion of ^ No More Accidents in This Shop! POSITION WANTED Accidents can be prevented by an i aggressive plan of action. For -ixteen years I have formulated and directed the personnel and -ai'ety polieie- of 1 major industrial plant- of from i to 10.000 employee-, (If e-tabli-bed reputation. 1 am -eeking an oppor- I trinity which i- -eeking the man quali- 1 tied to develop it. Immediately avail- t able at a reasonable -alarv. BOX 293 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS. ! -- or in any other where WIESMAN S U'KTT PRESS GUARDS are in-tailed on the power pre--e-. The operating principle \BSOLUTELY PROTECTS THE OPERATOR without interfering with In- natural working movement-. Simple, ea-y to attach, for all type- of pre--e-. Made for right or left hand -trohe. Detail-? Wiesmaii Mfg. Co. M South St. Clair St. DAYTON, OHIO, U.S.A. DECEMBER. 1931 54 The Cesco Line moves forward .... again establishes new standards of quality, performance, efficiency and safety highway safety. At the Twenty-third Annual Safety Congress in Cleveland, he was re-elected general chairman of the Street and Highway Traffic Section. Since election. Governor Hoffman has expressed his continued interest in the work of the National Safety Council and his intention to devote as much time as possible to the work of the section. Commenting on Governor Hoffman's election, the Eastern Underwriter says: "The election of Harold G. Hoffman as Governor of New Jersey will give particular satisfaction to automobile and fire insurance men because of the fine administration of Mr. Hoffman in his position of State Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. He has been one of the na tion's outstanding motor vehicle com missioners, has cooperated with insur ance companies from the start and in a most intelligent manner." The new Cesco No. 535 Chipper's Goggle shown here is but one example of the outstanding quality, performance, efficiency and safety to be found in Cesco's complete line of industrial eye, head and lung safety equipment. Cesco No. 535 Chipper's Goggle introduces new and exclusive features in goggle design---features that make it a better goggle for chipping, cutting and all impact hazard work. DEVELOPMENTS: Shallow eye cups (see illustration)--50 m.m. lenses set close to eyes, increasing effective visual range, CIRCULATION OF AIR ACROSS UNDER SURFACES OF LENSES--make the No. 535 cooler and more comfortable. The moulded eye cups are balanced. Weight: less than 2Vi ounces complete. Chipping Goggli Bulletin! Writ* for it. It tvill pay you to give this new goggle a trial. GOOGLES The Hoberg Paper and Fibre Com pany, Green Bay, Wisconsin, is organiz ing a department of industrial relations under the direction of H. D. Banta, general chairman of the Paper and Pulp Section of the National Safety Council. Among the functions of this department will be safety, sanitation, housekeeping, first aid, other employee relations and general welfare. Lewis W. McIntyre, formerly traffic engineer for the City of Pittsburgh, has opened an office as consulting engineer at 6630 Woodwell Street, Pittsburgh. Mr. McIntyre is president of the Institute of Traffic Engineers, and vice-chairman of the Street and High way Traffic Section of the National Safety Council. CHICAGO EYE SHIELD CO. 2.123 Warren Hlvd.. Chicago Close Hopper-Bottom Car Doors with EASE and SAFETY Prevent smashed fingers, strained backs, ruptures and other serious injuries, by using the Prescott Safety Tool--Saves time--is inexpensive. Ifrite for prices and details The Trumbull Mfg. Co. Warren, Ohio W. E. Megraw, of the H. H. Robert son Company, Pittsburgh, and member of the Executive Committee of the Metals Section, National Safety Coun cil, died early in November. Mr. Megraw had been active in the work of the Metals Section for several years, having been chairman of the Membership, Pub licity and Program Committees. He was also a member of the Window ('leaning Code Committee. ' Mrs. Mary L. Malcom., wife of Robert Malcom, president of the Chi cago Eve Shield Company, died in Chicago September 15. For many years Mrs. Malcom had devoted a large part of her time to philanthropic activities and had done considerable work for the blind. She was treasurer of The Friends of American Writers. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 55 An Aid to Management i Continued front page HOISTS go MODERN inis will not only be disregarded but may cause the reader to lose interest in the magazine generally. However, The Sohioan, this side of sermonizing, never iii rj-- -------- y) misses a chance to further the cause of safety. For instance, the back cover of In Lightness, Speed, Efficiencythe August, 1934 issue was used for an announcement of the splendid "Old Observer" series of broadcasts, sponsored by the National Safety Council; and the September. 1934, issue contained a copy 1/3 LIGHTER of the speech which our Mr. Herbert s recently gave in Cleveland as part of one , of these broadcasts. On the whole, the editor believes he can more effectively reduce accidents by AL-LITE the device of printing, under the simple caption. -Disabling Injuries for Septem- j her" ! or whatever the month happens to ! Safety be), the names of those who suffered | disabling injuries, the causes of those . injuries, and the number of days lost: * publicizing in each instance the etn- . HOIST ployee's division or refinery. A typical item will read: "Columbus (of Alcoa Aluminum Alloy) Division--Dave Jones, truck driver, re- ; ceived cut on eye while removing lug j bolts from wheel. Lost eight days." Or: "Akron DivisionBill >mi(h. service station salesman, was struck by an auto which rolled off the lift, causing wounds > AL-LITE leads the way in today's swing to lighter, quicker, more logical hoists! It's the world's first and foremost MODERN Safety Hoist, built of certified Alcoa Aluminum Alloy and made safe through a patented overload Governor that automatically indicates overload in excess of 50%. Its simple, compact design and strong aluminum construction make it h lighter and a real one-man hoist. Vet, in spite of lightness, AL-LITE is on leg and bruise on knee. Lost twelve days." Employees are chagrined to have their names listed and are therefore especially anxious to avoid the specific types of carelessness which cause most i outstandingly strong, w ith a 5 to 1 safety factor. Get "streamlined action'* into your hoisting operation with an AL-LITE-- the only hoist that is completely modern in design and efficiency. Ask your distributor, or write ChUhoIm-Moorc Hoist Corp., Tonawanda, N. Y. Division Columbus-McKinnon Chain Corporation. of the disabling injuries, and there is a lively inter - divisional competition tu keep the list of names down to a mini THISHOUd-MOORE CHAIN HOISTS WmAm electric hoists TROLLEYS 1 CRANES mum. Naturally, division managers and . refinery superintendents share this am- 1 bition. Therefore, it's a pretty sate bet that if a division has four disabling in juries listed during a month, while other divisions have none, the manager of that division will regard those four names as evidencing carelessness in his territory. COLD WEATHER SHOES He will soon find some means of re emphasizing to his personnel the im portance of preventing these accidents. Thus Thi sohioan by limiting itself to brief accounts of the accident facts, j causes its readers to preach their own i safety sermons and to make their own j safety resolutions. Our safety engineer. The best judges of REECE WOODEN SOLE SHOES are the men who have worn them for years. Ask these men and they will tell you, ''they are real cold weather protectors--keep feet warm and dry--avoiding colds, Hu and rheumatism." Also that the Reece Mr. J. H. Herbert, believes that acci Wooden Sole is, "EASY AS AN OLD dents actually have been reduced more bv Sohioan publicity than through any , other effort. ROCKER." IVrite for Complete Catalog No. 2. We would not suggest using the pub- j 501--Waterproof iication for special sales promotional I S03--Full felt Lining --Sjttety Strong Toe'* Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co., Inc. Columbus, Nebraska DECEMBER. 1934 HERE'S ON ANY FLOORING ALWAYS--wherever he steps in your i plant--the workman who wears Gro-Cord Raw Cord Soles and Heels is protected from costly slipping acci dents. On slippery boards... on wret flooring ... on stairways ... on ladders ...on elevators, Gro-Cord Raw Cords provide a non-slip walking surface. Upright cords, embedded in live rubber maintain a friction surface between sole and flooring. Wear keeps cord ends constantly bare and sole non-slip to the last day of wear. Workmen like to wear Gro-Cords be cause of their great flexibility, comfort and long wearing qualities. Easily at tached to any shoe or any manufacturer can supply them on new footwear. A complete line ofsafety rubber footwear, Gro-Cord equipped, is also available. GRO-CORDS are widely used in Dairies, Iron and Steel Foundries, Railroad Shops, Auto Factories, Gas and Electric Plants, Ice and Fuel Stations, Stone Quarries, Mines, General Warehouses. Write for catalog --test Gro-Cords on your own shoes. The Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co., Dept. 12F, Lima, O. Fully Protected by Patents-Any InfrinjremenU Will Be Prosecuted NON-SLIP SOLES AND HEELS y Pa tent No, l.2Ul'T* and 1,946,3341 Look for the DIAMOND CTAIAMOND Disc Respirators are universally LJ popular because they are handy, efficient, and comfortable. Men will wear them because of these features. A large filtering area is provided in the Diamond Disc pocket arrangement where sponge is inserted for filtration purposes. Valve action pro duced by pressure at exhalation makes respiration easy. Leading industrial plants use the Diamond Disc. Manufactured by The Hygeia Respirator Co. 129 E. 85th St. New York City Northwestern Representative THE SANDERSON SAFETY SUPPLY CO. 71 Columbia St. Seattle, Wash. purposes. 'The less said about sales the better. The magazine should not be loaded up with short-sighted promanagement propaganda. An employee magazine should be what its name im plies. a periodica! for employees, and as far as possible, by employees. Above all, do not expect the house organ to carry the labor relations load. If the industrial relations program is limited it may be wise to expend energies in another direction first. The best maga zine will not relieve, management of its obligations to provide a planned pro gram of employee protection against the major risks of life. A magazine, even a good one, is not a substitute for collective bargaining. Practically everything that can be said concerning the value of employee magazines to management would be an elaboration of or a natural inference from the coordinating, morale-building value. This value seems to me to be greatest when the magazine is presented sincerely bv the management and least when issued from ulterior motives. That value must come indirectly and is repre sented by intangibles which, under favorable conditions, rapidly translate themselves into tangibles. The following seven points summarize the main advantages which I believe have accrued to our organization as the result of six years of The Sohinan: 1. A means uf bringing about mutual under standing between management and men as it offers a medium of appeal to employees through three main interests--their jobs, their homes, their hobbies. 2. A medium of communication between management and men, enabling management to define clearly company policies and principles. In these trying times, the accurate and complete knowledge and understanding of companv policies and problems on the part of the em ployees will contribute greatly to maintaining a rational attitude. 3. A means of educating employees to be organization conscious: educating each worker to understand bis fundamental relation to his fellow worker, the unit in which he works and the companv as a whole. 1 A means of fostering pride of workman ship, pride of teamwork, pride of company. 1. A means of educating employees by dis seminating information about the business of the company, uf the industry and the company s place in tile industry, enamiaging sound think ing ill) industrial and economical subjects. 0. A means of bringing the- ramifications of tiie industrial relations program to the atten tion of the employees. 7. A means of securing increased attention and interest in accident prevention and health conservation am) increased participation in social and athletic activities as a further medium for promoting a better understanding, coopera tion and good will among employees. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS The hue Mr, F.. IT. Hall, iurmerlv in rharsje >t personnel work for the Bell System, expressed himself as follows re garding the employee publications of the Bell System: The hiL'hoC function <-i manacement iv to in-iint.uii morale, to develop maximum tram play, mat picking anJ trjinifiy the team and then eiiniinatinc eser\' jivCvvvt.iblt,' element K orkins Jitainst cooperation or smooth-runtime. All these matters, tying m with that in tangible something called moiale, have little chance of success without the aid of the com pany magazines. In my estimation we have received dollars for nickels upon our investment in company magazines. Our Sohioan represents a cost of about 20 cents per copy, which amount is high because only 6,000 aTe printed. 1 believe it would be difficult indeed to match the potentional good to our organization by any like expenditure, fn my opinion, nur management has received liberal dividends from the company magazine investment. SAFETY fa IT A TE D ECONOMY M HE Harrington and King system of guard building eliminates many of the diffi culties of safety guarding machines and belts and per mits making, in your own shop, the finest of guards at minimum expense. We can supply all the ma terial in excellent form for easy assembling. Our Town is Known for Its Safe Mill Perforated Angles and Bands for Frames. i innniu -i 'ram tmee ro Those who share in [he duties of the safety department are: F, L. irvin, supervisor of employment and editor of the plant publication: Clifford 0, Chase, assistant master mechanic; I)r. j. \V. Crane, part-time plant physician: Miss Ella Arseneau, K.X., lull-time nurse, and two part-time assistants in first aid de partment. Gussets to Make Rigid Corners. Floor Posts and Sockets for Detachable Guards. Perforated Sheets for Covering Fabric. The safety slogan, "All for Safety-- Safety for All." is well exemplified by the employees of the St. Croix Taper Company. Every man from top to j The Harrington & King Perforating Co. bottom has given his whole-hearted co operation, full interest and live enthusi j 114 Liberty St. 5645 Fillmore St. asm to the program of the -.m-ty de 1 NEW YORK, N. Y. CHICAGO, ILL. partment. This -piemiii) -upport has resulted in several noteworthy safety performance.-, r vv.. of which are as follows: <i> 1SS corset u- SANKEY FOOT GUARDS tive no-accident days jn |w - involving 'S4.SS7 safe man-hour-, i ' i pre-ent holder of Paper .V Pulp Industry safe man-hour record with more than two and one-quarter million >afe man-hours. This safety achievement began on Sep tember 22, loH and to date remains Sankey Foot Guards are made of 16-gauge steel, or Rigidlum, an aluminum alloy. Being light in weight they are comfortable to wear and permit free and easy movement of the feet. Although light, they are con structed for strength and will withstand an impact of 300 foot pounds. unbrokc-n. Designed so that the floor or ground takes the force of the impact in case of falling objects. The past few years, they ay, have Write for your sample today. brought about a "bloodless revolution," but a lot of people seem to have lost ELLWOOD SAFETY APPLIANCE COMPANY their heads in it.--The Houghton Line. ' ELLWOOD CITY, PENNSYLVANIA DECEMBER. 1934 58 KLEINS Th Safety Libra /y r9 MARY M. WELLS Librarian N.S.C. F,,urth, er i.nf1,o_rm.ation,, r.e..gaanrradmiMs pnublications listed here can National Safety Council Library for SAFETY A TOUGH JOB, a dangerous job, -- made easier -- safer -- by Kleins. Public utility com panies everywhere have standard ized on Klein equipmentfor linemen. Linemen themselves know the importance of Klein equipment on the job that calls for skill, courage, and caution. Klein equipment has represented the maximum in quniit y and safety--"since 1857." .1 national campaign featuring .safety for linemen is being con ducted by Mathias Klein rf Sons In assist in selling the. idea of safety to linemen. Distributed through jobbers Fourpamphlets of interest to you if you are a lineman or responsible for the safety of line men. Check the m lm ones you want. --w"3*i Q Safety for the Pole Olimlnr G Specifications on Linemen's BolUami Safety Strap* The Safety Factor on Linemen's leather Ottml* Pocket Tool Guide KLEIN,Mathias 1 1 a.lLihiUll & Sons c hint, in usa 3200 BELMONT AVE., CHICAGO URGES REVISION OF FIRE INSURANCE CLASSIFICATIONS Stone, Harold A., Fire Insurance lion of Cities and Fire losses. No. *3 Of * Public Administration Sen ice Series. tabes, 3 charts, 28 pages, paper hound. Price aW. Published by Public Administration Sett'tce, 8SQ B. S8lb Street, Chicago, The need for an improved measuring schedule for fire protection is urged by it. Stone in this pamphlet. His study includes 5 cities with populations over 50,000 and con eludes that there is an almost complete lac 0 coordination between the cities' actual re losses and their insurance ratings according the .National Fire Underwriters' dassiftca ton of Hre defenses and physical conditions. ( Mr. Stone challenges the methods of spread ing insurance losses based on the Prcs grading system which rates a city a tota o 5000 points on these nine factors: water sup ply, tire department, fire alarm, police, but `PS laws, hazards, structural conditions, cltnw i conditions and divergence between lb two factors. No consideration, Mr. 53 states, is given to whether the _ departmen functions efficiently and uses its fire detenses to advantage. The fire prevention bufcj*u' |e activity that has grown up since the sc e u was devised, is not considered. The author recommends four additional ac tors in grading systems: (1) Ability to u fire defenses; (2) Fire prevention; (?), hazard: H) Maintenance of an adequate record of fire losses. Textile Industry: The silk industry. Published by the Retail Credit Co., Atlanta, Ga., 1934. (Pamphlet) (Industry Report) PERIODICAL ARTICLES Dusts: Church, L., Easy to get rid of dust. Pt. 2. In Factory Management and Maintenance, November, 1934, p. 312-513. Price, D. J. and others: Lessons_ from some recent dust explosions. In National Fire Pro tection Association, Quarterly. October, 1934, p. 153-188. Fatigue: Manzer, C, W.: Fatigue. How does it affect the quantity and the quality of muscular work. In The Personnel Journal. October, 1934, p. 140-143. Home Safety: Drugs, medicines and other compounds in the home, in Travelers Standard. November. 1034, p. 217-220. Petroleum Industry: Jewett, R. A., Health hazards. in the oil industry. In American journal of Public Health, November, 1934, p. 1123-1128. Coming Events Of Interest to Safety Men BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS Labor Laws and Legislation: U, S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Discus sions of labor laws and their gdministrawn at the 1943 Convention of Governmental 1 dais in Industry in the U. S. and Lw* j1 Washington Government Printing 0ffice> Price 15c. (Pamphlet) Occupational Disease!-: Occupational disease compensation, -a ce port. Published bv the Pennsylvania <;-on\ mission on Compensation for Occupation. Disease, Harrisburg, Pa., 19*3. Free, i Pampn- let) School Shops: A school simp safety program. Shop sated rules for teachers and students. Publish ' the State Board of Control for Vocational b ucation, Lansing, Mich., 1934. (Free) ( am phlet) (Bulletin No. 228) December 6-7. Washington, D. C. Highway Research Board, Fourteenth Annual Meeting. Roy W. Crum, director, 2101 Con stitution Avc-,, Washington, D. C, jan. 16-18, New York City American Society of Civil Engineers, Annual Meeting. Secretary, George T. Seabury, 33 W. 39th Street, New York City. Jan. 22-25, Washington, D. C. American Road Builders' Association, Con vention and Exhibit. Engineer - Director, Charles M. Upham, 958 National Press Bldg., Washington, D. C. Mar. 5-7, New York City Sixth Annual Greater New Y'ork Safety Conference. Tulien H. Harvey, National Safety Council, 9 E. 41st Street, New Y'ork City. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS fveep Them Interested Continued irom page 141 m imi I have not mentioned a number of other items that can be used to create and maintain interest in safety in the man on the job. but have confined my remarks to those things which I deem most essential. To these might be added the safety contest between plants or departments, with its friendly competi tion. First aid teams are important in many plants in the effort to sustain interest. The use of films, film strips and slides has considerable value, and this possibility should not be neglected. A careful analysis of various human interests, reveals that man is interested in those things which vitally affect his mode of life-- his pleasures, his pocketbook, or his convenience. Safety will interest any individual to whom it can be proven that it is to his benefit to work and live safely. Perhaps a quota tion. which may be familiar to some of you. states the case more dearly than F can. "I am not much of a mathemati cian." said Carelessness, "but I can add to your troubles. I can subtract from your earnings. I can multiply your aches and pains. I can divide your attention. I can take interest from your work and discount your chances of safety." Maybe that's a good statement with which to start your efforts to create an interest in the man on the job in safety. And perhaps that is also a good state ment with which to close these remarks. "The High-Speed" Antiseptic Applicator Safely Officials: Write for FREE Sample. Speed is an essential part of good antiseptic technique. The sooner antiseptic is applied to wounds after injury, the less chance there is for infection. Saf-T-Tops offer a most convenient method of quick disinfection for employees before going to the first-aid station. They can be carried in the pocket, tool-kit or hand bag ready for instant use. The patented applicator tip feeds like a fountain pen. applying solu tion exactly where needed. Your Choke of 5 Solutions ISH 535 WjM I 153 Anderson Avenue - Rochester, N.Y. THE OVERHEAD DUST IS THE REAL MENACE A Tough Job Dust that shakes loose from overhead piping, beams, ledges and PERATING officials and safety O men in the Western World really walls--the fine powdery dust that constantly filters down and do not know what trouble is. The super pollutes the plant atmosphere--that's where the REAL danger lies. intendent on the C hinese Eastern Rail way would seem to be in a position to understand that word, tine division head reported that ixttween June 17 and August 6 the following events occurred: ....REMOVE IT WITH A HOFFMAN VACUUM SYSTEM Quickly, Safely, Economically Twelve train wrecks. 43 bandit raids, 2 murders. 24 railway employers wounded. 14 robberies. 28 cases of damage to road bed and rolling -tuck, two fires, and 9 cases of sabotage to telegraph and telephone lines. A recent Associated Press dispatch Most overhead dust was first on the floor. Pick it up from the floor, regularly and at low cost, with a Hoffman Vacuum Cleaning System --and use the same equipment for an occasional rapid, economical overhead cleaning. We build all types--portables, and stationary units engineered to meet vour dust problems. concerns the driving skill of Mustapha Agha. a taxi driver in Istanbul who has Write for Literature piloted his cab through the narrow streets of the city without an accident for a quarter of a century. The city authorities recognized this accomplish U. S. HOFFMAN MACHINERY CORPORATION Air Appliance Division 111 Fourth Ave., New York, N. Y. ment in a practical way by presenting Engineers and Manufacturers of Pneumatic Systems him with a medal and a check. DECEMBER. 1934 60 Industries Receive Trophies at Maine Safety Conference OXYGEN EQUIPMENT PRODUCTS Inhalators Oxygen Tents Oxygen Breathing Apparatus Oxygen Pumps and Valves Firemen's Helmets Fresh Air '"I'HE Governor Louis j. Brann 1 Trophy, awarded by the Governor of Maine to the plant within the state for the greatest accomplishments in accident prevention, was presented to the Bath Iron Works Corporation at the Seventh Annual Maine Safety Con ference held at Augusta, November 1. This company manufactures all types of steel vessels and its hazards are more severe than the average. In 1930 the corporation employed 1,150 men and suffered 960 injuries, of which 256 caused loss of time. Starting in Sep tember, 1933, with a crew ranging from 400 to 700 men, the company operated ten months without a disabling injury. The `TJ. S. Dewey," one of the latest type of fighting craft, was built and launched without a permanently dis abling injury, and with the last ten months of construction entirely free from lost-time cases. The ship was welded, the first to be so built in Maine, <nrl n'VTtically all surfaces below the water line were heavily galvanized. Early in the construction, the problem of metal fume fever appeared but was overcome. Previous to the launching of the destroyer `'Dewey." this crew built the ocean-going tug "Turocamo Girls" without a disabling injury. In addition to the Governor Louis J. Brann Trophy, trophies were awarded to eight companies winning first place in their respective groups in Maine's First Industrial Safety Contest, January 1 to June 50, 1934, The winners, ail of which had perfect records, were as fol lows: Cotton Group--Lisbon Spinning Com pany, Lisbon. 125,356 man-hours. Paper Group--Rogers Fibre Com pany, Bar Mills. 95,197 man-hours. Special Paper Group -- St.. Croix Paper Company. 382,638 man-hours. Public Utilities--Bangor Hydro-Elec tric Company, Railway Division. 127.779 man-hours. Shoe Manufacturing Group--Adult- Williamson Shoe Company, Auburn. 356 271 man-hours. Woolen Group -- American Woolen Company, Pittsfield. 155,032 man hours. Woodworking Group--E. I. duPont de Nemours & Company. Portland. 113,327 man-hours. Miscellaneous Group--Xissen Baking Company. Portland. 170,399 man hours. Walter J. Brennan, safety engineer for the State Department of Labor and Industry, also pointed out that 55 per cent of the trophies awarded to mem bers of the Paper and Pulp Section of the National Safety Council in the 1934 contest were won by Maine plants, in- Hose Masks Respirators, Etc. Literature on Request Merry Christmas And a Safe New Year! BISHINGER- KOEHLER MANUFACTURING CO., INC. 7838-42 Kelly Street, Pittsburgh, Pju Mannijcturcn OXYGEN EQUIPMENT PRODUCTS John E, Long, president of the National Safety Council, ami VT. H. Cameron, managing director, in conference at Council headquarters. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS rlu/i/ns ihe "rand trophy presented by The hiper Industry which was warn by the St. Croix Paper Company. Attendance at this year's conference was double that of last year and the capacity of the State House was taxed. A resolution was passed commending Governor Brann for his interest and participation in accident prevention work and a steering committee was created to work with the coming legis lature for increasing the safety activities of the Department of Labor and Indus try. Planes. Not Likely to Be Struck by Lightning PRESENTING New Justrite Safety Cans! Waste I Can i J USTBITiVs Automatic elly \V*Mt give kuu safety, econ omy, efllciencv, drwni with to t dioips automat!* pally. Leare* iianiit free --a great feature1 (tedum Insur ance rate. La- rariHty:ga6J,lon8a, . 10. Jl.'STRITK presents a New Im provement in the 2, 3 and 5 gallon Safety Cans, The carrying handle has been redesigned, this permits "Easier Carrying" and "More Accurate Pouring." Large Spout--easily filled direct from filling station hose---no funnels required. see how easy it pours--the most efficient can for the workman. Automatic spring controlled spout cap. Natural Hand Grip-- opens in one operation--closes automatically. A safe container for carrying explosive and vola tile liquids--no leakage or evapo ration. Labeled by the Under writers' Laboratories, Inc., and Approved by the Associated Fac tories Mutual Fire Insurance Companies. AIRPLANES in~thunderstorms are in little danger of being struck by lightning unless radio antennae or other wires are trailing from the machine, according to 7 he II eck's Scitucc. quot ing the conclusions nf Dr. (>. L , Simpson, weather expert, in a pamphlet issued by the British Air Ministry. A number of mysterious crashes have LESSENS INSURANCE RATES Protect vour plant--your employees-- tower tour Mnuraiire rite premium*--br lojfalllMjr oe iaieit Improved anw approved JlSTHlTE Safely Devices i'OPAY. vour toiler* ' f write u fur imereitinf? prices *n.i literature. *7astrlte been blamed on lightning striking the craft while it was invisible inside a cloud or under other circumstances when no report of eye witnesses could be Opens with Foot Closes automatically TllRtritP dUOUHC Mftf lulg* Cwn. (2OHS7USAotuiOth,poIrLt LAvPI<XeOnuISc obtained. No such instance has been proved with certainty. Dr. simpson POSITIVE QUICK ACTIONbelieves such events to be extremely rare, if they occur at ail. To cause a flash of lightning there WITH THE NEW must he a great difference of electric Improved Possons Safety Device for Punch Presses voltage at the two points between which the dash will travel, Such voltage differences in clouds require distances FEATURING much greater than the size of any air craft. Lightning may hash to a cloud from the ground or from another clout! but an airplane actually in the cloud at !. Device equipped with a "Pullout Multiplier'' removes the hands of the operator inches on the tint 1 ; inch of ram stroke. one end of the hash would be unlikely to be damaged. 2. Adjustable ram-connection--device operated from below any possible breaking point. One desirable precaution is that the entire airplane be one electric unit, either by complete metal construction or ?. Visible cord and cable assembly--"All work ing points are in plain view, by connecting separated metal parts b\ conducting wires. The danger oi t ail ing antennae is because differences in 4. Frame attachment--adjustable to both the upright and inclined position of the press. electric voltage may exist between the airplane in a cloud and the distant end of the antennae. Pilots are advised to Safety Plus Production reel in antennae whenever much radio static indicates nearby lightning. OCR ENGINEERS ARE QUALIFIED TO ADVISE REGARDING VOI R PUNCH PRESS SAFETY PROBLEMS IT'S MORE THAN A GUARD Devices furnished on approval. MORE THAN 3300 IN USE Advocates of education a. a cure-ail Descriptive circular sent an request. overlook the fact that moM men aren't ; THEmaking use of the education they've got i POSITIVE SAFETY MFG. CO- already.--The Houghton Line. 4410 Perkins Ave. CLEVELAND. OHIO DECEMBER. 1934 62 BULLARD From Head to Foot (Continued from page 18) SILICOSIS Authorities recognize the harm ful effects of certain breathed dusts, prominent among which is silica. The practical solution is the Bul lard Compressed Air Purifier when used in conjunction with a hose mask. This purifier thoroughly removes dust, fumes, oil and water from compressed air. It is completely trouble-proof, requiring no atten tion other than occasional replace ment of filters. The purifier may be placed in the compressed air line without mechanical difficulty. Any Bullard office or distributor will gladly send our bulletin de scribing the Bullard Compressed Air Purifier. E. D. BULLARD COMPANY 275 Eierhth Street, Son Francisco 1220 South Olive Street. Lott Anffdca 1U20 Yalecrest Avenue, Suit Lake City i Rain Street, Houston 215 S. Leavitt Street. Chicago Bullard products are distributed by Safety First Supply Company, Brady Bldg., Pittsburgh W. S. Wilson Corporation, 123 Varick St., Mew York W. P. and R. S. Mars Company, 324 West Michigan St., Duluth Safety Clothing Company, 3804 Payne Ave., Cleveland C. H, Dockson Co., 2885 East Grand Blvd., Detroit Safety Service Company, 108 No. Quincy St, Green Bay. Wis. Direct Sales Company, 108 President Road, Braintree, Mass. C. D. Renter Co., Chattanooga Bank Bldg., Chattanooga. Tenn. J, A. Hunt Co., 2086 Sansonie St., Penns> ivanta, Pa. hampered by air hose. The only avail able protection under these conditions is a respirator with a filtering medium of fiber or tissue. Only those types which have been demonstrated to possess the necessary filtering medium to give suffi cient protection against fine dusts should be selected." From the foregoing general informa tion it would seem that the major de velopments in industrial protective cloth ing relate to the protection of the re spiratory organs. These developments have, no doubt, been given unusual impetus in recent years by occupational disease claims, especially concerning silicosis. New types of protective equip ment against dust in industry are being developed, along with better procedures for the observation of such work and the enforced use of protective equipment. In addition to new types of clothing and equipment, management and work ers are cooperating with the manufactur ers of safety equipment in developing the use of new materials and improved design. These include new composition materials for protective headgear and other devices to protect various parts of the body; air insulated protective suits for jobs involving extreme heat; air fountain respirators for dusty work where only marginal protection is neces sary; increased use of special chrometanned leather for resistance to heat; development of special metal alloys for the mechanical parts of protective equip ment. and improved design in eye pro tective devices. From our contact with industrial con cerns as well as the manufacturers of safety clothing and, equipment, it would seem that there are no needs for protective clothing which are not being taken care of, to some degree at "least. The development of safety clothing to its present degree of refinement has been possible because of cooperation by all persons concerned. The safety engineer can keep in formed of developments in his field by referring to the available publications on accident prevention work. On this point a consultant in protective devices recent ly said to us. "Unfortunately, it seems to me that industry has not taken ad vantage of these excellent publications. This point has been brought home very forcibly during some of the recent silicosis suits where employers have been caught at a decided disadvantage when the plaintiff was able to prove, by referring to government publications dated twenty years back, wherein certain manufacturing operations were described as hazardous and means of combating these hazards suggested. We personally know that in most instances manufactur ers were not aware of the existence of these publications." Reference might be made here to the availability of practical information from such sources as U. S. Department of Labor, U. S. Public Health Service, IT. S. Bureau of Mines. National Safety Council, state departments of labor, American Standards Association, insur ance companies, and consulting organi zations. The advancement of public and private means for the collection and dis semination of such information is, un doubtedly one of the trends of present day accident prevention work. Trophies Awarded to Seventeen Ships SAFETY trophies have been awarded to 17 ships operated by Lykes Bros.--Ripley Steamship Company for having completed the allotted number of voyages during 1933 without a dis abling injury to any member of the crew. The body of the flag, shown in the accompanying illustration, is green with a six-inch white border and the minia ture white house flag with a blue diamond and white letter "L" is shown in the body of the flag at the left side. When flown at the mast head the combination of colors makes the pennant most attractive, and the men of these vessels feel considerable pride in display ing this trophy in American and foreign ports. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 63 Industrial Health ( Continued from page jd.j | A Dressy SAFETOE t'ul effects of new substances introduced into plant processes. In cooperation with other de partments he should investigate the extent of the hazards and devise measures of control. 2, Routine examination of applicants. Pro cedure should include a detailed history of the applicant's previous illnesses and accidents classified under (a) diseases of childhood, (b) general infectious diseases, {c) respiratory dis eases, (d} venereal diseases, (e) accidents and resulting physical defects. A detailed history of previous occupations is very important. Merely stating the type of industry has slight value. The exact duties performed in each occupation and the probable length of exposute to hazardous substances should be noted. If the applicant has been or will be exposed to dusts which induce lung diseases, an X-ray picture of the chest is important. This part of the examination may be referred to an expert roentgenologist as its value depends upon the type of pictures taken and the experience of the leader who interprets them. The examining physician also may need additional information obtained by laboratory' analysis of blood, sputum and urine. - Rating and placement of applicants. In cooperation with the personnel department the applicant should be rated and placed, not only on training and past experience but also on physical and mental ability. The record of his examination should be the confidential prop erty of the medical department. 4. Periodical physical examinations. The frequency of periodical physical examinations must depend upon individual circumstances as determined by the supervising physician. Where examinations are made for the first time, employees should be given ample explanation of their benefits and assurance that their jobs are secure. 5. Provision for the disabled. Employees who develop disabilities during employment should be reassigned to occupations which will not. aggravate the disability, or they should be provided for in other ways. Many concrete examples might be cited of results obtained through dust control measures and competent super vision of workers. One which strikingly illustrates the value of such measures is the experience of the South African gold mines. During the years 1918-20 the production rate for silicosis for those who had 10 years underground service amounted to about 10 per cent. The highest rate for those having 16 years service amounted to 14.S per cent. Dur ing the years 1920- 23 the production rate for those who had 10 years of serv ice dropped to 5 per cent and during the year 1931-32 the rate dropped to a frac tion over 1 per cent. The highest rate during the 1920-2.3 period amounted to a little over 7 per cent with 16 years' service and in the period 1931-32 the highest rate was about 4r5 per cent after 18 years of service. This exper ience can be duplicated wherever pre ventive measures are effectively applied. S in Great Demand Stock No. H 112-2 "Blue Ribbon" Men's Black Elk Safetoe Biucher is a very popular safety shoe -- because of its style lines and generally dressy appearance, and because it comes in D width to give more comfort Carried in stock in sizes D 5 to 12. Price $3*50 able fit to narrower feet. Has sturdy, heavy, single We carry a complete line of Safetoe shoes in stock to meet practically every re* quirement. Write for spe cial illustrated Safety Shoe catalog. oak sole, Steel Box toe and wear-proof lining. Welt construction. <b\A.oe Go'wvocs.x^u St. Louis ** Manufacturers of every kind and type of shoe worn in America, including the famous Buster Brown shoes for boys and girls, and Brownbilt Tread Straight shoes for men and women. .... . STRENGTH and ______ ______________________ ... ............................... . SArt I withoutbu/ky weight Examine the jaws on this new lighter, thinner, stronger Crestolov Wrench-- lean and sinewy; trimmed for quick, eifnrtless action. Orcstoioy Wrenches arc neartv onethird thinner than the conventional ad justable wrench set actually more than CRESCENT TOOL COMPANY tsviee as strong. They are SAFE because they will not spring, break or slip. Available in 4 to IT.-inch sizes at prices little higher than for ordinary wrenches. Ask your Supply House or write for Crescent catalog of safe, fullyguaranteed tools. - - - * JAMESTOWN, N. Y. CBESTOLOl ~ STEEL WRENCH DESIGNED, WADE AND GUARANTEED BY THE ORIGINATORS OF THE CRESCENT WRENCH DECEMBER. 1934 Depression Dividends (Continued from page g) possible working conditions. When the plant was completed it might have been reasonably assumed that inasmuch as here was a factory that was as near to perfect in regard to safety conditions as it was possible to design that hence forward little money need b? spent for safety devices and training. But it didn't work out that way. The graphic charts that accompany this article show how the theory, if ever it was advanced, failed to prove itself true, and also show what was clone to over come the rising curve of insurance costs. In 1923 less money was spent for safety than in 1922. In 1923 the cost of insurance went up. In 1924 the direct safety expenditure was slightly increas ed. Still the cost of insurance soared because more accidents were taking place in the refinery. In I92S the safety expenditure was increased but oniv slightly. That year the accident record and insurance costs mounted higher than ever. This was becoming a serious problem. Something had to be done. So with commendable forthrightness the safety expenditure for 1926 was made double that of the previous year. And it brought home the bacon. The number of acci dents and the cost of insurance tumbled. It became dear that here was a wav to reduce accidents and the cost of insur ance. Since that time generous appro priations for direct safety have been made. For Safety . . . IPCO INSULATED TOOL BAG Style L . . . for hoisting tools, insula tors and supplies. 12" dia. by 15" deep. Manufactured of heavy weight hard woven canvas, special flexible water proof leather bottom. Nonmetallic ring at top to hold mouth of bag open at all times. Rope loop for hanging over pin. AH loop holes leather reinforced inside and outside. A TYPE OF BAG YOU NEED Try out a fen and convince yourself of the better results obtainable through the use of this hag, INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS COMPANY Accident Prevention Equipment, 800 W. Somerset Street Philadelphia, Pa, In 1929, the year in which the most money was spent for safety, the curve of insurance cost was started definitely downward and it has been coming down ever since. This is made ail the more remarkable because during the past three years an extensive program of re construction has been carried on within the central refinery building during regular plant operations. In spite of the hazards connected with installing a completely new foundation and rein forcing the entire framework of the building with concrete and steel while the plant was operating the accident record was lowered each passing year. insurance costs for this company have not fallen because of decreases in number of employees or total payroll as is in dicated by the second chart, which also shows the value of safety expenditures in pulling down the cost of accident insurance per total payroll. On the first chart is a dotted curve marked "cumulative value of expendi tures for safety." it represents the rising value from year to year of the money spent for safety training and equipment. It makes dearer the reason a comparatively small rise in the ex penditure for direct safety can cause a drop in insurance costs worth many times the amount spent for safety. PREVENT SLIPPING ACCIDENTS on Stairs and Other Walkways Feralun 4Bronzalun Alumalun *Nicalun American Abrasive Metals Company Treads Are Fireprooi For New and \A orn Steps Durability Proven in Severest Service Originators and Developers i'or 22 A ears Illustrated Leaflets and Samples nil Reipiest AMERICAN ABRASIVE METALS COMPANY Irvington, New Jersey 50 Church St., New York Dollars spent for insurance buy in valuable protection. Xo business can afford to operate without it. But dol lars spent for safety training and de vices buy indispensable prevention. And it is these prevention dollars which will in the normal course of events yield the biggest dividends because they are not in reality written off the bonks at the year's end. Money spent for safety devices will work for you as many years as these devices remain in your business. Money spent for safety training will work for you as long as the employees receiving that training remain in your ! employ. Money spent for accident pre- j vention is about as permanent an invest| men this shifting world affords. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 65 A- Million Hours Vi as Tlipir Goal The Shidler safety chapter of Sinclair GAMBLE HEREPrairie Oil Company employees was the first company chapter organized. Begin MPLOYEES of Sinclair Prairie Oil E Company in the Shitiler-Burbank ning in 1925 as a company unit, it has grown to serve the community. It now district resolved to work a million hourhsas its own orchestra and its monthly without a disabling injury. That was programs attract the families of employ back in at a regular monthly safety ees and many outsiders. The community meeting. Their ambition was realized safety work of this chapter is strongly in October. 1934. and a celebration was supported by the public schools and the staged commemorating their accomplish civic organizations of Shidler. Since the ment. Safety chapter now holds a high indus On Monday. October 22, 120 employ trial record for safety, th? civic clubs are ees who had worked in the Shidler dis joining it to establish a high record for trict during the past five years were home and public safety for the town of officially and publicly honored by offi Shidler. cials of Sinclair Prairie Oil Company. A special program was started at 5:00 p.nt. in the Shidler High School audi torium attended by 1300 to 1800 men and women. A large certificate was The Shidler safety chapter is one of forty Sinclair Prairie Oil Company safe ty chapters. These units serve com munities over the Mid-Continent. Rocky .Mountain and Gulf Coast areas. All -- but Not ivith your Plant and Profits presented the safety chapter and indi vidual certificates for all employees were given to the men who had worked at Shidler during establishment of this record. After the program the large crowd adjourned to the barbecue ground. During the period of time in which this record was being established, 13 wells were drilled to an average depth of 3000 feet and 2 7 wells were plugged. the chapters meet once a month and their meeting programs of safety are controlled by the safety department at Tulsa. H. \V. Boggess, superintendent of safety for the company has organized all the chapters and due to his program of safety education, all the chapters are trying for the mark reached by the Shidler chapter in industrial and public safety. HERE is more than a few dollars Tat stake when you take chances u ith inadequate fire extinguishers. You may lose orders, customers and profits which not even insurance can tiring back. For alcohol, lacquer, gasoline and oil hazards, LUX extinguishers will give you proteetion. more complete than you can get with any other type. LI X extinguishers put out flam There were 2.803 strings of rods pulled and run, totaling a string 8,185.2 miles in length. Also miles of tubing were pulled and run in 457 ,-trings and 1.776.346 barrels of nil were produced. In the gasoline plant there had been over 2S.000.000 gallons ,,f gasoline manufac tured. All this work has been done under the supervision of L. M. Kelsey, gasoline plant superintendent, and J. \Y. Stoker, production superintendent and they are in a large measure responsible for the safety record The editor of the Shidler newspaper. I mable liquid fires burning in a tank in writing of the local celebration, or on a surface as effectively as foam said: "in the parlance of the oil man. or carbon tetrachloride units. LUX the meeting and barbecue was the great- j also -nufl s out fires involving flammable liq uid* filming through the air from leaking est gusher ever brought in for the Osage pi po-iirovcrflowingtanksagamst which foam country.'' nml carbon tetrachloride extinguishers fail. I t X -mothers tire w ith an inert gas instead of a liquid, it i- in-tantaneous and three liinien-innal in its e\tinpui-hing effect. It Dry Ice Causes Accident Iimm-s no me-s to clean up and doc- no damaae to anything in the fire area. in Home 1 Ime-tisate i.l X for your flammable liquid AHOrSEUTI'E, wishing to pre- F | h.u.iriband play safe! Write to Walter Kidde X Company, Inc., 71 We-t Street;Bloomfield. serve a brick of ice cream, put a . New Jersey. piece nf "dry ice" in the tin foil wrapper ! along with the ice cream and then placed 2 Reasons Why LUX Gives the package in a mason inr. screwing the Better Fire Protection Willie evepllearn rap on lightly. After a short time the jar exploded, blowing a piece of glass into the eye of a young boy who stood nearby looking with longing gaze at the ice cream. The sight of one eye was destroyed and some damage done to the room by the ex A faster rate ot* dis charge gives the newSuper-LUX ex tinguisher longer range, greater pen etrating power and greater fire extin guishing wallop. plosion which was caused by the rapid building up of pressure inside the jar by reason of the generation of gas. Dry ice should never be placed in a The new oval shaped LL X dis charge horn gives tightly closed vessel of any kind, warns j a better distribu the Michigan Mur mil Simp Man. The } tion of snow and a wider blanket of gas should he given a chance to escape. f smothering gas. DECEMBER. 1934 The man who works single handedly / adds: he who works through an organi zation multiplies.---8. C. Forbes. I For All Electrical and Flammable Liquid Fires 66 With the Manufacturer Manufacturers are invited to send in announcements of new products, or improved special features. Only items which can be considered as "news" to our readers will be published VAPOR PROOF PORTABLE LAMP A new vapor-proof portable lamp de signed and constructed to offer protection against such hazards as moisture, gases, acid fumes and dust has recently been announced bv Industrial Products Company, 800 \V. Somer- -set Street, Philadelphia, /mm Pa. ft will take a 100 watt bulb and is of heavy - duty construction throughout with threads in the rubber safety han dle and glass globe ac curately made. The man ufacturers further state the weatherproof socket --with cord grip clamp, takes all strain oft' the terminals. Cadmium plated guard over the globe, electrically welded at joints, which clamps to the handle. Guard can also he furnished with a ____ rubber insulation that helps to absorb shocks from accidental dropping, Tests show a di-electric strength of over 4000 volts. NEW FEDERAL ELECTRIC-AIR HORN This unit was developed to meet the requirements for a penetrating and power ful signal without the necessity of steam or compressed air piping. It utilizes as the sound producing member the same type of vibrating-diaphragm compressed air horn employed in large fire alarm horns. rfhe horn member is directly attached to a special type of compressor rough or broken may be repaired or com pletely resurfaced and made ready for truck traffie in 36 hours by means of this new material. The manufacturers claim it provides a tough, resilient surface w'hich is waterproof, dustlcss and non-skid. It can be applied with an ordinary trowel. They further state extensive preparation is unnecessary and that any handy man can make permanent repairs to all types of floors and platforms. The makers are Stonhard Company, 401 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pa. COMBINED PULLING JACK AND CHAIN HOIST To fill the need for a pulling jack that could also be used for overhead vertical lifting, the Anchor Puller-hoist has been recently developed by the Edelblute Manu facturing Company, 343 Jackson Street, Reynoldsville, Pa. It is a lever-opcratcd TATTELITES `THEY TELL THE TALE This is the name of a new line of safet' neon potential fuses and testers recent!' placed on the market by the Littelfus' Laboratories, 1772 Wilson Avenue, Chi cago. They are designed to protect agains and discharge dangerous excessive volt ages. The principle and function is thi same as in lightning arresters, only on : smaller scale. The manufacturers state they are made to discharge potential ratings of 100, 2S0, 500, 1000, and 200C volts; are glass enclosed, filled with rare fied neon gas and glow brightly when operated. The purpose of this line is to either indicate or discharge to ground dangerous potentials before they become high enough to cause a spark nr produce a body shock. Such potentials often gather on machinery, metal tanks, bins, etc., due to running belts, rubbing parts, dust, and induction from nearby transmission lines. Another use for Tattelites is in testing for live wires, since they glow when brought near a live line, and, by the intensity, indicate the approximate voltage. that furnishes air as reiptired by the horn and which is driven by a fast, highly accelerated, heavy duty type motor. It is equipped with relay for connecting into tire alarm, paging and other signaling systems. Code signals may be sent on it on a timing of one to two seconds per impulse, It ran be furnished for -'4, or 3d volt storage battery op-ration and for 1111 and 221) volt AC or DC supply. Manufactured by the Federal Electric Company, 8/00 South State Street, Chi cago. STONEHARD RF.SI RFACER Concrete, wood, brick, asphalt or com position floors that have become rutted. mechanism, using simple principles of leverage, working on a ratchet---toothed chain sprocket wheel, and a load chain with a swivel hook. It is automatic re versing, and the load can be pulled or lowered a notch at a time, by merely turning the reverse latch to its proper position. Hoisting speed is 2 to 4 feet per minute, according to the load. At present, it is made in one size only for a rated capacity of ! FS tons. The hoist weighs only 20 pounds and the 15 foot chain Id pounds, !t has been designed to be handled and operated by one man. NEW 3-TON ELEVATING TRUCK The Baker Industrial Truck Division of the Baker-Rauland Company, 2168 W. Twenty-fifth Street, Cleveland, Ohio, has just brought nut a new two-wheel drive, four-wheel steer, 3-ton elevating truck which incorporates several new features of design. The manufacturers state the greatest change from previous models is the "streamlined" enclosure for the battery box and controls which improves the ap pearance and increases the safety tor the operator since there are no protruding units or parts against which he may be thrown. Other new features include an elec trically welded frame of high carbon steel, alloy steel trailing axle of great strength, larger travel brake than on previous models, roller bearings at top and bottom of steering mast and needle bearings in many of the steering rod connections for increased ease of steering, somewhat higher travel speeds, and a sponge rubber pad on the operator's platform which de- NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS <>7 u:n.'iu under long liour- ,n- tmi:, Th.- , ,.t ,m. vr axle nui tin-' lut unit arc tltr .ui'i- unit' uhicii have been used on Maker trucks tor several years. The for mer helical springs have been replaced In- r,~'ilicnt rubber piles having the same dWk.nh'i"-liimr abilitv without the po*- ohiliiv ,,f breakage. Driving wheels turn ott drop iorcred knuckles and arc mounted on deep-grooved, ball bearings. Driving tire- are of the solid, pre'-ed-on type and arc 20x5 incites in size. Trailing wheels also turn on drop forged knuckles and are t-ach mounted on two adjustable tapered roller bearings, tire size is 10x6 incites Standard platforms are furnished in lengths from ?? to 84 inches and can be furnished as special equipment in ant length desired. Standard platform height is 11 inches giving ample clearance under the standard 12 inch skid and the lift is f ! J inches. Standard platform width is -V ,, indies. W hen the standard truck with the 55- inch platform is carrying a skid OU inches long by 36 inches wide, a right angle turn can lie negotiated in ok mch intersecting aisles, Xews Items \K\Y VTfXUINc; EXHIBIT I OK Ml>Kl M OK SctKNCK AM) INDSTRY Auik.um'ctiK-ut i> made by O, T, Drcu>*cr. director or the 'vfu*rum <r Science and Industry in Chicago, that t*miplete (luipment. including material handling h..isf f.>r.i permanent exhibit of iiidu-tri.ti welding ha* keen presented to the itMitunon by tile 1 larnTchteger Corporation of Milwaukee. The exhibit iOelf i> an ingeuiou> one, for with the demonstration* earned on behind a special colored g!a**. isitor- are ahlr f see at cloie range the technique employed m varum- type" of welding without blinding glare. The Mustuim of Science and Industry in Chicago C the only institution .if its kind in the Tubed States witli a perman ent are uridine: demonstration. The iUr Electric Ventilating Cumpaiiy <<i Chicago announce the .pemm.r <u a m*w ale> office at 122 ju\ >?reet, S. iiemmub\; ;T V,, under ilu* direction of K. IT < .. .per Trade Publications for your SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIBRARY Safety Information on File A reference file of trade publications on safety equipment should be a part of every plant* ammunition for the battle of controlling accidents. A wealth of valuable data and information is yours at no charge and with no obligations. Every executive should avail himself of these publications---much help in the every day problems of efficiency, safety and profitable operation are found in them. Mail the coupon today! 1. C-H Helmet and Suit. This circu lar illustrates and describes a helmet and suit designed to solve the dust and fume protection problem. Full length suits and waist length jackets available. CunninghamHall Aircraft Corporation. 2. Industrial Uniforms and Aprons. A complete line of uniforms and aprons especially designed for industrial use for both men and women. Designed to permit freedom of motion and are washable to Help control spread of disease. Keystone Coat and Apron Manufacturing Company. r 7. Insulation Testing Equipment. Bulletin 91*4. Deals with dielectric strength test sets, insulation resistance meter, constant temperature cabinet, humidity con trol apparatus and dielectric constant and power factor equipment. Sound Engineer ing Corporation. 8. Goggles for Miscellaneous In dustrial Operations. An interesting 4-page folder illustrating and describing a number of goggles designed to meet specific requirements. Willson Products, Inc. 3. Safety First Shoes. This folder shows a line of all leather safety shoes designed to insure protected feet for every worker. Fitted with improved safety steel toe. Safety First Shoe Company. 9. Mercurochrome in First Aid. An interesting little 16-page booklet dealing with infection, microbes, first aid for dirty wounds and how and when to use mercurochrome. Hynson, Westcott and Dunning, Inc. 4. Heat Acceleration. This gu-page catalog deals with heat acceleration, what it is, and how it differs from heat anticipa tion. The value of heat control in industry. Minneapofis-Honeywell Regulator Company. 5. Martindaie Maintenance Equip 10. The Air You Breathe, -phis con densed pocket-size 32-page catalog com pletely illustrates and describes a line of ventilating, heating, cooling and air con ditioning equipment. ilg Electric Ventilatmg Company. ment. Catalog No. 18. A very com statements publish***! <*ii tins pa ip* are"! bused on the claim* -p tin* m.iimtar- I [turn*. While Ihr Vihuital Sal*t\ N.*w* [ cannot puaraiibe these statements, the> ( are brlie\e| to ho accurate. J Campaign Teaches Safe plete catalog containing a multitude of elec trical and maintenance equipment including a number of safety products. The Martindale Electric Company. 6. Sly Dust Filter, Type EC. Bulletin Use of Electricity No. S-76. This 12-page bulletin gives the construction features of this dust filter AX educational campaign fur the designed for a number of industrial opera safe use of electricity in the home tions. The W. W. Sly Manufacturing has been launched by the InternationCalompany. I I. B-K Refilling Equipment. Bulletin No. 103. Describes portable pumps for charging oxygen breathing apparatus, inhalators and medicinal cylinders with oxygen and other gases at high pressure. BishingerKoehler Manufacturing Company, Inc. 12. Wilbur Fire Extinguisher. Folder describes pump operated tvpe of fire extinguishers designed to prevent liquid leaking or evaporating and will not gum up or corrode. VVil-X-M'F'G Corporation. Association of Electrical Inspectors, c-5 John Street. New York City. The Asso ciation is endeavoring in this campaign to promote the use of approved cord NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 20 North Wacker Drive i).v.*inhet\ Vxii bearing the Underwriters Laboratories' Chicago, III. label and to teach the public tite safe use of flexible cords. A booklet entitled. 1*1 #*,(si* mum* sent t*i me On* Pillow mg publication*, numbers? "Safeguarding Electric Service in the \ Same Home.-' a large poster illustrating cor rect and incorrect ways of using appli Title, ances. and a home electrical inspection t onipum report form are being distributed. \ddrrss, ...... . ................................................. .......... . .. ......................... ... ......................... .. DECEMBER, 1934 68 SLIPPERY FLOORS UPSET PRODUCTION Street Lighting Uses New would result if mercury units alone were Mercury Vapor Lamps used; it is an inherent property of the mercury lamp that, energy having been THE first street lighting installation cut off or a decided voltage drop en in America incorporating high- countered, it has a tendency not to re intensity mercury vapor lights has beesntart until it has cooled. with PLASTIC FUT-SURE Slippery floors mean slower work, bad falls and production tie-ups. Eliminate them once and for all with PLASTIC FUT-SURE. Easily applied to any surface, it is economical, slipproof, lasting! Full facts and figures upon request. Write for them today. GENERAL ABRASIVE CO., INC. 2052 College Ave, Niagara Falls, N. Y. PLASTIC FUT-SURE made in front of the new post office at Lynn, Mass., where eight of the units have been put in service by the Lynn Gas & Electric Company. The units externally do not differ from the usual ornamental street lighting globes. Within, however, are contained two lighting units--one of the new mer cury vapor lamps and one of the usual incandescent lamps. The combination of the two types of light emitted by these radically different units, blended within the ornamental fixture, gives a white light suitable for heavy traffic thor oughfares and business sections of cities. The mercury lamp, used by itself, is an efficient producer of bright, slightly bluish green, white light. Its quality is much closer to white than that produced by the low-pressure type of mercury lamp with which the public has been familiar, the light from which is much more bluish. Addition of the incandes cent lamp within the fixture contributes The high intensity mercury vapor lamp incorporates the latest develop ments of the illuminating laboratories of the General Electric and General Elec tric Vapor Lamp companies. Just as'it differs greatly from the low intensity mercury vapor lamp which has been in use for years in industrial lighting, so does it differ from the sodium vapor light, introduced by the General Elec tric Company a year ago for rural and state highway illumination. Although of even higher efficiency, the sodium lamp has a characteristic orange-yellow glow and is mono-chromatic in nature, which makes it inapplicable to uses where color is a factor. The mercury vapor luminaire introduced at Lynn re tains a high efficiency characteristic and affords a comparatively white light in which other colors of the spectrum are included. It is far smaller than the sodium-vapor lighting unit. FOR SAFER WALKING SURFACES a certain amount of yellowish and red dish light, improving the color rendition Dust Control and more closely approximating day light. The mercury vapor lamp is rated at GRATING begins overhead 400 watts, and produces 14,000 lumens, or units of light; the incandescent lamp ItS of little use to try to reduce the dust count If the jar of cranes, trailic and machinery is continually bringing more dust down from pipes, trusses and ceilings. THE SPENCER PORTABLE VACUUM CLEANER enables one man to remove the overhead dust hazard. All diet and dust goes di rect to an enclosed sepa rator. This portable is easily moved, and cleans all kinds of surfaces. Has been used in industry for many years. Bulletin on request. is rated at 200 watts, and produces ap proximately 3400 lumens. The combi nation gives 29 lumens per watt, about half again as much light as would be obtained from incandescent lamps alone. The high intensity mercury vapor lamp is a glass tube approximately a foot long and two inches in diameter and having a iarge. or mogul, screw base. It is mounted base down within the lighting fixture. Within the outer bulb is another sealed bulb, approximately seven inches long and IJS inches in diameter, within which the arc takes piace. During oper ation the mercury vapor it contains is at approximately atmospheric pressure; between the two bulbs of heat resisting glass the gas is at reduced pressure. Above this mercury lamp is mounted the incandescent lamp and its reflector, base upward. The incandescent lamp within the One Piece Non-Slip Maximum Ventilation Easily Painted No Hatties luminaire serves several purposes. Xot only does it correct the color value so that more natural effects are obtained, but it supplies heat for starting the mer BLAW-KNOX CO. 2030 Farmers Bank Bldg. Pittsburgh, Ps. BLAW-KNOXSPENCER TURBINE CO., Hartford, Conn. | cury lamp in cold weather. It also sat'eguards the location from outages which NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 69 KEEP OUT OF THE WHEEL CHAIR By Using Johnson Ladder Shoes Try a set today! Shoes for straight ladders per pair...................... .. .$1.65 Shoes for step ladders set of four ............................... $.60 Johnson Ladder Shoe Co. Eau Claire, Wisconsin INDEX TO ADVERTISERS e American Abrasive Metals Co. ............... 64 American Optical Co. ................... 3 Bay Company, The SI Bernhard, Robert A........................ 59 Bishinger-Koehler Mfg. (Jo., Inc.......... ,60 Blaw-Knox Co. ..................... 68 Brown Shoe Company ............... 63 Bullard Company, E. D. .............. 62 Burroughs Wellcome & Co. (U.S.A.) Inc. ...........................................,37 Chicago Eye Shield Co. ..............54 Chisholm-Moore Hoist Corp.....................55 Cover, H. S........................ .49 Crescent Tool Co............ .................... 63 Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. .... 5 Ellwood Safety Appliance Co. ......... 57 General Abrasive Co............. .. 68 Harrington & King Perforating Co. ...57 Hygeia Respirator Co. ............... 56 Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc. ...35 Industrial Products Company............... ,64 Johnson Ladder Shoe Company............69 Justrite Mfg. Company........................ 61 Kidde & Company, Inc., Walter ........... 65 Klein & Sons, Mathias.................... 58 Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., Inc. .............. 49 Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Co............ 2 Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co............... 56 Mine Safety Appliances Co........................33 Srank Knee Leggings Hip Leggings Spats And a complete line of protective clothing for all Hazardous Industries. Write for New Price List. THE SAFETY CLOTHING CO. Manufacturers 3804 Payne Ave. Cleveland, Ohio National Safety Council Never Slip Safety Clamp Co............ ... 69 Portable Lamp & Equip Co......... ........ 53 Positive Safety Mfg. Co. .......................... 61 Procter & Gamble Co. .............. .............. 6 Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. .............. Inside Back Cover Pyroil Co................................................. 69 Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co. .................. 55 Save Time and Money Safety Clothing Company ............ Safety Equipment 69 In Handling Boiler Plate Service Co................ .. Back Cover Spencer Turbine Co. ..................... 68 IT'S expensive to handle boiler plate with old-iashioned chains or hooks, Trumbull Manufacturing Company----- S4 which have a tendency to slip, causing U. S. Hoffman Machinery Corp.................59 accidents. The use of Never Slip Safety Clamps Wiesman Mfg. Co. ..................... Willson Products, Inc................ 53 1 will reduce these expenses, because these clamps do not slip. Two clamps and chains will do the work of four bent hooks and chains, and do it with out harming the plate. Even at an angle. Never Slip Clamps will hold work without slipping. Made in two styles for lifting plates horizontally and vertically. Write for details We do not want a thing because we have found reasons for it; we find reasons for it because we want it; we even elaborate philosophies and theolo gies to cloak our desires .... Xo one ever convinced anybody by logic, and even logicians use logic only as a source of income ..... To convince a man you must appeal to his self interest, his desires, his will. Observe how long we Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. P. O. Box 448 Grand Central Annex, New York City remember our victories, and how soon we forget our defeats.TMWill Durant in "The Story of Philosophy." ne~ PYROIL Simply add Pyroil in small quantities to regular creases and lubricants for a process of pro tection to all metal, and an ef ficiency in opera tion, not gamed in SAFEGUARDS MACHINERY CUTS EXPENSE any other manner. Pyroil impregnates the metal, coating it with a slippery, glossy surface which serves as an impregnable lubricant in con ditions of emergency and extreme pres sure. Cuts friction considerably. Reduces lire hazards. >ira A demonstration of Pyroil proves it saves many times its cost. Mail coupon for facts, ^^r', Mfrd. and Guartd. by Pyroil Co,. W, V. Kidder, Pres., 346 LaFoilette Ave., LaCrosse, Wis,, U.S.A. CODE I Pyroil Company, 346 LaFoilette Ave., I LaCrosse, Wl*.. U.S.A. a \ I Please send further facts and cony of XVvv Ttnitistri:!) | I Brochure. No <111110811011, j Name... I Address, I t'itv........................................................... .ritato........................... 1 a....-----..--.-------...-...! DECEMBER, 1934 70 The Buyers' Service All firms listed below are advertisers in this issue --See Advertisers9 Index Page 6g. A Accident Prevention Service National Safety council Anemometers Portable Lamp & Equipment Co. Mine Safely Appliances Co, Aproiim E. D, Bullard Company Davis KuierKcncv Equipment Co., Inc, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Industrial Products Company Puimosan Safety EqtnpmeuLCorp. The Safety Clothing Co. Safety Equipment Service ` o. Standard Safety Equipment t ", Arm Protectors E. D. Bullard Company Dan* Emergency Equipment Co., I nr. Culnii'Ajiri Safety Equipment Corp. Industrial Products company Mine Safety Appliance* Co, PuClmorops.nn Safety Equipment The Safety Clothing Ca. Safety Equipment Service 1 n Arresters, Dust Blaw>K'nox Co. E. U, Bullard Company B Rndgea aud Buttons Mine Safety Appliances Co, Belts--Linemen's E. D. Bullard Company Davts Emergent^ Equipment Co., Inc, Industrial Products Company Mathias Klein & Sons .Mine safety Appliances Co. Portable I,amp & Equipment Pulransan Safety Equipment Corp. The Safety Clothing: Co. BeltR--Sa fety E, D Bullard Company Bums Hmenrenry Equipment Co., Inc, Industrial Products Company Mathias Klein tic. Son* Mine Safely Appliance* Cr>, Portable Lanin *c Equipment Puimosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co. The .Safety Clothing Co, Belts--Tree Trimmers' {'. H Bullard Company industrial Product* Company Mine Safety Appliance* Co Bolt Fasteners Belts-- Window C1 ean e vs E, I). Bullard Company Industrial Products Company Mine Safety Appliances Co, The Safely Clothing Co, Blackboards Blankets--Fireproof E. D Bullard Company Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Itu*. Industrial Products i ompauy Mine Safety Appliances c,. Puttnosan Safety Equipment Corn, The Safety Clothing Co. Safety Equipment service t o. Blowers E !i. Bullard c-mpany Blavv-Kuns i'll l).m< Kmiug.'u.'y Equipment Co , itie. Blow Torches Mathias Klein &. Son* Box t'nr Opener Brakes--Which? Fewer B u eket *--H o i s 11 n g I.Uvis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Products Company Bulletin Boards K, D, Bullard Company Davi* Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc. Industrial Products Company Mine Safely Appliance* Co, Puimosan Safety Equipment Carp. Safety Equipment Service i o, C Car Mockers B. 11 Bullard Company Industrial Products company Safety Equipment Sendee re, Tar Blockers--Mine industrial Product* Company Mina Safety Appliance Co. Car Mover* E, D. Bullartl c mpany industrial Product* Company Safety Equipment Service Co. Far Step Treads--Safety American Abrasive Metal Co. K, D. Bullard (' mpany Industrial Product* Company Carboy Inellnators E, D. Bullard Ct mpany industrial Products Company Safety Equipment Service Co, Carbon Monoxide De tectors, Indicators and Recorders H D Bullard i`< tnnanr Datis Emergency Kquipmeut Co,, Inc Industrial Product* Company Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Chain--Factory Chairs--Safety Boatswain E. l, Bullard Ci mpany Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Chip and Spark Guards Chicago Eve Shield <`o. Industrial Product* Company The Safety Clothing Co, .Safety Equipment Service Co. Clamps and Sockets Cleaning Compounds The safety nothing Cm. Cleaning Systems-- Vacuum Spencer Turbin Co, U, f>. Hoffman Machinery Corp, Clothing for Industrial Workers--See Aprons, Caps, Gloves, Hand Leathers, Leggings, Overalls, Shoes, Clothing'--* Weatherproof E. D. UutUrd C* nipan.v Dari* Emergeuci Equipment Co,, Die, Industrial Product* Cnmp;iny Mine Safety Appliances t o. The Safety clothing Co Safety Equipment Service Co. Collectors--Dust lilaw-Knox Co, Cuspidors--Sanitary Paper D Disiikfcetants and Deodorants Drinking Fountains Dust Control Systems Hlaiv-Knox Co. E Elevator Cable Locks Emblems Mine Safety Appliances Co. Eye Shades--Non breakable E. D, Bullard Company Chicago Eve shield co. Davi* Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Product* Company Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Equipment Service to. Eye Sight Surveys Expanded Metal Explosive Containers f,, Jj. Bullard Company Darts Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Imluitrlal Product* Company Ju*trite lifg. Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Portable Unip * IlqummeiH SaCfeot,y Equipment s.ervi.ce Co. F Fans--Exhaust BUvr*Kuox Co. Films or Slides for Rent and Sale National Safely Council Finger protectors D. Bullard Company eitlragfl Eye Shield < o. Davit Emeigenry Equipment Co,, Inc, Industrial Product* Company Mine Safety Appliance co, The Safety Clouting Co. Ssfetv Equipment Service < Fire Alarms Mine Safety Appliance* cn, Fire Detectors Fire Extinguishers e, |> Buiiard Company Walter Kldde & Co., Inc. industrial Product* Cumiu ir Mine feafetv Appliance* i o, Diltnostn Safety Equipment Corp. Fireproof Clothing E. D. Bullard tMmi'Uiy Dill! Emergency Equlpnwnt Co., Inc. Industrial Product* Company Mine Safety Appliance* Co Safety Equipment Service < o. Tlie Safety Clothing Co, First Aid Equipment Tlie Bay Co. Robert A. Bernhard Blshtnger-Koehler Mrg, Co,, F,, 1), Bullard Company Burroughi-Wellcome to, fU.B.A.t Inc. Davis Emergency Equipment Cm., Inc Ifvnson, Weiteolt & Dunning Industrial Product* Company Mine Safety Appliance* lu Puimosan Safety Equipment Carp, Safety Equipment Service co. First Aid to Illness BurrmigltvWeUcome Co A.) Inc, Floor Machines Flags--Danger E. Li. Bullard C-mpanv Induitrial Products Company safety Equipment Service co. Flammable Vapor Indicators E, D, Bullard Company l Mil* Emergency Equipment C" , Inc. Mine Safety Appliances c- Flashlights --- Permis sible Portable Lamp & Equipment Cm, Flooring Materials-- Safety American Abrasive Mem* Co Hlaw-Knox Co, General Abraaire cu Industrial Product* c.qupanv Flywheel Guards Harrington & King Perforating Industrial Product* Comiwnj Foot Guards H D Bullard Company RUwood sMetr Appliance* C< Industrial Products t onq>.-m.v Mm Safety Appliances Co, Portable Lamp & J quijimettt P-afcty Equipment service c> The Safety t huhlng t o, Footwear--Rubber E, D Bullard tlompany Industrial Product* Company Mine Safely Appliance* Cn. Fumignjits Fuse Pullers E. D. Buiiard Couipnny Industrial Product* t ompauy Mine Kafety Appliance* Cn, Safety Equipment Service < o. O Gas Deteetors H D, Bullard Company Davi* Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc, Portable Lamn & Equipment Co, Min Safety Appliances Co, Gear Guards Industrial Product* Company Port aide Lamp & Equipment Co, Mine Safety Appliances < o. The Satcty t'lothlnp Co. Helmets American Optical Cn. Blshingcr-Kuehler Mfg. Uq. Inc, K D, Bullard company Chicago E.v Shield Co. Davi* Emeigcuey Equipment Co., luc. Industrial Products Company Min Safety Appliances Co, Pori aid Lamp & Equipment Co, Puimosan Safety Equipment Corp. The safety Clothing Co, Safeiv Equipment Service cy. Willson Product*, ine, Holsts--Electric Chlsludm-Moore Hoist Corp. Germicides Germicide--Cutting Oil Glass--Safety American Optical Co E. D; Bullard Company Chicago E.v Shield Co, 1,lhbev*Owen**i ord Class Co, industrial Product* Company Mm Safety Appliance? <, Puimosan Safeiv Equipment Carp, `Hie Safety Clothing Co. Safety Equipment Service <'n Wiliion Products, ino. Gloves and Mittens K. I, Bullard f'ompanv Chicago K\ shield f'o !M\li Emergency Equipment <"v, Inc Industrial product* Poiupaiiv Mine Safriv Appliances Co, Pttlmnsan safety i^uipment (?orp. The Safety nothing Co, Safety Equipment Service * p, Goggles American Optical Do, H, D, Bullard Conmanv jhr| Emcrgcncv Eipnpmeid Co,, Inc, Chicago Eve Shield Co. H, S Cover Industrial Product? ('ompauy -Mine Safety Appliance* ('< Portahle Lamp i Equipment C.J. pMimnan Safety Equipmeui cv.rp, safety I'^iuipmetit servicr < o. The Safeiv riotning Co, Wlllton Product*, Inc, (*ongst Sirens, Horns and other signalling devices E, l> Bullard Compam Industrial Product* Company Mine Safety Appliance** C", Lirn flag--sn to t v Blaw-Knn* Co. Grinding W heel Exhausts Hooks--Linemen's B<`U Si I Bullard Company Davis Emergency E.iuipmeni Cy,. Inc, Industrial l'rodnets i nmtiauy Mm Safeiv Appliance* Cm, safety Equipment Smire Co. Hooks--Safety Hoisting Industrial Product* Company Hospital Equipment f; ! i. Bullard Company Davi* Emergency Equipment Co , Ine, industrial Protiucts t'nmpntiv Mine Safety Appliance* Co Safety Etinipmcm Sen ice Cm. I luhalatora |JiIdnHc.ngjT K`H`hbr Mig. ( E, l, Bullard Company Davi* Etuergem Equipment Co,, inc. Snduslrtal Product* I'ompniiy Mine Safei* AHUiiim** < >p Insurnnec J Jointer Guards S,ii>v Equinnicni -Service * industrial Pruviucts r nrunnuv K Kick Press Guards h Ladders--Bn f*t.y E, (J, Bullartl t iunpauv Mine Safety Aptdiauce' t flic Sifely ('lotlnim 'o Ladder Shoes K. D. Poulard c< mioinv Paris Emeruenev iMpKimictii Co., Inc. Johnson I,adder Sion* i -t industrial Product* t'ouqmnv Mine Safeiv Apldiaticeo c<. Tlie Sal-ftIV C)> llllMU t o Grindlug W heel (Hinrds Guards--Safety K- D. Bullard Company D.Pl* Emcrgcurv Equipmeut Co , Inc Harrington & King Perioral mg Co, Industrial Product* < ompanv Th Safeiv t lothing Cn, Safotv Equipment Service s o. U Heat Cramp Preventive Hand Cream ti. D Bullard Company D.oi* EunTjienrv Equipment ro Die, Induomi product* Company Mine Safety Appltanees Co, Lamp Hangers Lamp Locks industrial Prop-et* C.qmianv Mine Safety Apphaiiees < Safeiv Equipment Service i Lamps--Sa fVty Dan* Etm-rveiirv Eqmi'meiii Cr.,, inc. potr'toa.ido Lamp K- Eqmiuneut Min Safely Appliances Co, Lanterns--Carbide C, D. Bullard Company Lanterns--R1 or-trie E, I). Bullard Company industrial I'miuots t ompanv Mine Safetv Anpllanee* Co, portable Lamp r Equipment Hand Leathers K. D Bullard company PuIuiohUj Safely Lo.iiqtnielM Cmp. inJu*iriai 1'rn.bn-i* t rmpnny s.ifetv Equipment Service ( " The Safety Clothing Co Hats--.-ilety E.i* Bullard compunv Leggings P j, Bullard ( ompanv Davi* Emergency Equipment Inc. Industrial Product.* company .Mine Safety Appimncos t ... pidmosnn safety Equipment * Mm. Saictv Equipment S>`i\ne ", file Safety (`hulling Co. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Lighting--Industrial Linemen'* |*rotoetor* E. t>. Bullard Company Havt* Emergency Equipment toInc. Industrial Prodiiei* company Mint* Safely Apphnmo Co I'tiJniosai* Gaiety Equipment Cm-p. Safety Equipment Service c*: Linemen'* Tool Rass I; Bullard Company I >avis Emerpcne* Kqiiipment Co,, inc. Safety Equipment Service i o. Locker* ami Hanger*-- for clothing Industrial I'riuluets Company Lnhriention I'vroll Co. Lubrication Systems M Mn*k* American Unnoal Co, K. D. Bullard Company Blshinger-Kodiler Mfg. Inc. Chicago Eye Shield Cm Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Products company Mine Safety Appliance* Co, f'ulroosan safety Equipment Corp. The Safety Clothing t'o. Safety Equipment Service Co. Willson Products, Inc, Mn*ks--Navy Typo itisiitncor-Kociilor Mu, tv., Inc, l`,, D. Bullard Company Vtidustrtal Product* Company Mine Safety Appliance, cn Willson Product*, Itu*. JInts--Standing, Safety Davis Emergency Equipment Cr.,, Inc, Industrial Products Company O Oil Cans E, D, Bullard Company Industrial Products t ompatiy Mine Safety Appliances Cm 'nfelv Equipment Service Co Oxygen Breathing Apparatus Burnmmr-Kuchler Mfg. Co., Inc. Iiau* Emcrgem*) Equipment Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliance* Co, P lne*--Miners* ['.titanic l.amp & t it equipment Pads--Knee H. i. Bullard company industrial Product* Company MPoinrteaidSeurle.atympApkpliEanqcueip*mCeon,t Co, Safety Equipment Service cm Paint Remover I'erfurnteti Metal Harrington k King Perforating Cu, industrial Pindocts Company Pneumonia Tenia BUiiuoicr-kMchlet .Mfg, Co., inc. Mine Stfciy Appliance* Cn, Poster Service Power Press Guards 'litrayo Eye Shield Co. Industrial Products i ompanv Positive Safety Mfg, Co, Wlesman Mfg, Co, Prfxe Awards Mine Safely Appliances On, Py rotiintiio Detector Mine S.MVU Appliance* v'n. Pumps--Oxygen Btshimri'i Mvo* idcr -Mfg. Co,, Inc, Mine S.iieiv Atqiliance* Co. It Hall ( lamps Imiu$tri*i Product* Company Hesplrntors American cntiral Co. BD'iingcr-Koehlcr Mfg. Co., Inc p. It Bullard Company Chicago Eye Shield Co. H, * Cover Dari* Emergency Equipment pv:1 Inc. llygcia llespirator Co. Industrial Product* Company Aline Safety Appliances Co. portable l.amp k Equipment Cm, Pulmoaan Safety Equipment Com. The Safety Clothing Co, Safety Equipment Service Co, WiJison Product*. Inc. Resuscitation Kquipment Blshlnger-Koehler Mfg. Co., Inc. E. Id. Bullard Company iJavis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Rock Dusters Mine Safety Appliance* On, Portable Eamp k Equipment Co, Rope-- Wire S Saw--'Safety Mine Safety Appliances Cm, Saw Guards E. D. Bullard company Induitrial Product* Company Safety Equipment Service Co, Scaffolding: Scrubbing- Machines-- Klectrlc Shaper Guards Indhitru! Product* Company Shoe Soles--Non-Slip Uni* Cord Sole & Heel Co, Shoes--Factory and Foundry Brown Shoe Co. E, D, Bullard Company Induitrial Product* Company Coltish Safety Shoe Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Portable Lamp A Equipment C*>, Safety Equipment Service t;'u. Shoes--Wooden Sole Industrial IToducu company Reece Wooden Sole shoe cd. The Safety Clothing Co, Signs Induitrial Product* Campanr Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Portable Ump & Equipment Co. The Safely Clothing Co. Safety Equipment Service Cn, .Sirens and Signals K !). Bullard Company Induitrial Product* Company Slides--Lanterns--Also see Films or Slides Slings--Safety Wire Rope Soap TIi Procter & Uarable Co. Sterilising Equipment Straps--Safety Ft-. U, Bullard Company Havli Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc. Industrial Product* Company MftUilu Klein & Bon* Portable l.amp & Equipment co, Surgical Dressings The Bay Co. R D. Bullard Company Pavi* Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc. Industrial Product* Company Mine .Safety Appliances Co, T Tools--Linemen's B. D, Bullard Company Ihvi* Emergency Equipment Co., Inc, Industrial Product* Company Mathias Klein k sons Tools--Non-sparking i; l>, Bullard (\trapanv irivi* Emergency Equipment ('0:. Inc, Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Towel Cabinets--Paper Traffic .Markers Safely Equipment Ernie Cu. Trends--Safety American Abrasive Metal Co. BlavT'Knox Co, Industrial Products company 71 Treadle Guards Trestles--Safety Extension Industrial Products Company Trophies V Vacuum Cleaners Spencer Turbine Co, t\ S, Hoffman Machinery Corp. Valves--Oxygen Blshinger-Koenier Mfg. Co.. Inc. Miue Safety Appliance* Cu. Vending Machines Sanitary Ventilating Equipment Bi&w-Knox to. w Washroom equipment -- Industrial Washers--Safety, for Grinding Wheels Industrial Products Cniupan.v Wastc Cans E, I), Billiard Company Uavii Emergency Equipment Co,, luc, -lustrite Mfg. Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co Ihilmosati safety Equipment f'orp. Safety Equipment Service Co. Water Coolers Welding Equipment Window Cleaner Window Preparation -- N'on-Glare Wrenehes--Hopper Car industrial Products (`ompanv Safety Equipment Service Cn Trumbull Mfg. Co. Wrenches--Pipe Wrench-Sleev*f f'tir CrLeisnceenmt feonol rn, Industrial Safety Market A Sa service to our readers, we endeavor to maintain a complete * ' list of the source of supply of all types of safety and allied equipment. If you do not find what you want in the advertising pages, send in the coupon below, and we will have forwarded to you without charge, or obligation, detailed information and catalogs on mate rial to meet your requirements. National Safety News, 20 N. Wacker Drive, Chicago Please have forwarded to me from various manufacturers, without charge, prices, catalogs, etc., on the following material: Specifications: (Be specific as to size, capacity, quantity, etc., when prices are wanted.) Company . Address . . Your Name DECEMBER, 1934 19 The Accident Barometer Prepared by the Statistical Bureau, National Safety Council Accidental deaths of all types totalled 8,170 in September, or about 10 per cent more than occurred in the same month last year. This brings the nine months' total up to 73,800, ex ceeding 1933 by 8,000 and 1932 by 7,000. However, the September esti mate is about 500 below that for August, and 3,500 under July. The decrease comes in occupational, home, and public (not motor vehicle) accidents. Motor vehicle deaths continue the steady in crease that commenced last February. Despite the slightly more favorable trend in August, the 1934 all-accident total will be about 100,000 deaths unless there is some major improvement dur ing the last three months of the year. Occupational accidents resulted in approximately 1,200 deaths in Septem ber, a welcome reduction from 1,400 in August. Furthermore, this decrease appears to have taken place without a corresponding drop in exposure to acci dents. The nine months' total is 11,700, which compares favorably with the 1933 figure for the same period of 10,800. Such a small increase is encouraging in the face of the high frequency of motor vehicle and home deaths. (Other details of the September accident experience are: Companies participating in the inter-plant contests of community safety councils had 9.91 accidents per million man-hours, resulting in 0.78 days lost time per thousand man-hours. The frequency rate represents a satisfactory reduction from 13.56 for September. 1933, but the severity rate advanced from 0.65 in that month. Plants in three sectional contests conducted by the National Safety Council reported an average frequency rate for September of 7.66 which is 30 per cent under the September 1933 rate. Indications are for an increase in October fatal acci dents, according to reports from Indus trial Commissions in 18 states. Steam railroad accidents showed a less favorable trend in July than in some of the earlier months this year. Deaths numbered 526 compared with 504 for July 1933, and non-fatal in juries totalled 2,566 or nearly 5 per vent above last year. During the first seven months of 1934 there were 2,760 deaths recorded, or 4 per cent more than All Accidental Deaths January-September 1934 .............................73,800 1933 .............................65.490 1932 .............................66,348 (National Safety Council Estimates) in the same months of 1933. Injuries advanced 11 per cent to 16 385. Twothirds of the increase in deaths and about one-third of the advance in in juries were due to highway grade cross ing accidents. Most of the remainder came from employee accidents. How ever, employee accident rates based on exposure show little change. Airplane accidents in miscellaneous (non-scheduled) flying operations dur ing the first half of 1934 caused 160 deaths, 61 severe injuries, and 132 minor injuries. There were 793 other persons involved in the accidents who escaped uninjured. The total plane-miles flown was 36,780,157. which makes the death rate 4.4 per million plane-miles. For the same months of last year the rate was 3.9, or 11 per cent under the present rate. Motor vehicle deaths jumped from 3,020 in August to 3,470 in September, an estimated advance of IS per cent. The increase over the same month of 1933 is fully as great. Thus the improve ment in this year's record that occurred in August did not last long enough to do much good. The nine months' cumu lated total stands at 24,680. an excess over the same period last year of 3,600 deaths. It surpasses the 1931 total for the same months by 500, and thus defi nitely sets a new all-time high. The annual total of 35,000 previously pre dicted on this page seems assured, and the question now is whether the forecast should be increased by 500. Commercial vehicle accidents oc curred with a frequency of 1.90 per 100.000 vehicle miles during September, according to National Fleet Safety Con test reports received from 503 fleets operating more than 46,000.000 vehicle miles in that month. The record is about 7 per cent higher than that for August, but is slightly under the rate for July. However, the situation ap pears to be better than in the same month last year, when a similar group of fleets averaged 2.16 accidents per 100,000 vehicle miles. Public (not motor vehicle) deaths continued to decline during September, the month's total reaching only 1,450. compared with 1,680 in August, '['his is primarily due to a reduction in the number of drownings. Public deaths occurring in the first nine months of the year are now estimated at 14,500, or only 5 per cent more than last year's similar total of 13,800. Last month, due to a printer's error, the eight months' estimate appeared as 21,700; this should have been 12,700. Home accidental deaths took an other drop in September, numbering only 2,300, against 2,800 in August and 3,800 in July. The September figure, however, is still about 17 per cent above September 1933. Moreover, the nine months' total, which is now estimated as 24,900, exceeds the comparable 1933 total by more than the excessive heat deaths that occurred this summer. In all respects the year's experience thus far is decidedly unfavorable. December expectations . . . There will probably be about as many motor vehicle deaths in December as in No vember--which means that there may be about as many as there were in either June or July. The total amount of traffic will be considerably less than in those months, but with darkness coming earlier and the danger of skidding in creased there will be little improvement in accidents. Deaths from burns may reach the year's high in December, and will probably number nearly 1,000. Asphyxiation will result in about 300 fatalities. *** These items summarize briefly the month* /> reports collected by the National Safety Council to shotv current accident trends. Certain of these reports are analyzed more fully in other monthly publications of the Council, devoted to industrial, traffic, com mercial vehicle, home, and school safety. In addition to these monthly data on trends, the Gouncir$ annual statistical report "Acci dent Facts'' contains very detailed informa tion on the types and circumstances of all accidents. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS II ffyour plant has any Dusty Operations-- your plant sprays Paint, Lacquer or Enamel-- PULMOSAN "M" Type RESPIRATORS should be used to protect your workers! Industrial dusts and spray mists are dangerous to health when constantly inhaled. Give such workers Pulmosan "M" Respirators to safeguard their health and working efficiency. Pulmosan "M" Respirators are improved in design and construction. They are safe. They are comfortable. They permit effortless, natural breathing. They are light in weight. They give long, economical service. Pulmosan Construction Features! Only Pulmosan "M" Respirators have an all aluminum body. It is light, holds its shape, will not warp or spread. Patented non-inflated rubber face cushion (exclusive with Pulmosan), fits per fectly and comfortably to any facial contour. Pulmosan Tested Filters assure high filtering efficiency against the finest particles. Special intake valves--U. S. Army Gas Mask type exhaust valves--coarser mesh screens--additional per forations ... all combine to reduce breathing resistance. Give Your Men Pulmosan "hA" Respirators Workers in every industry acclaim "M" Respirators as "the most comfortable ever built." "Four workers, too, will like their protection and comfort. Order a few for testing under your conditions. Write for Bulletin No. 10, for Full Details. PULMOSAN SAFETY EQUIPMENT CORP. Member: Industrial Safety Equip. Mfr.'s Ass'n. 176 Johnson St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Michigan Dislr. THE BOYER-CAMPBELL CO. Detroit Lake Superior District Disir. W. P. 6C R. S. MARS Duluth, Minn. Made in t> Models your plant has dangerous conditions arising from smoke, gas or fumes, Pulmosan makes more than 30 types of respirators and Masks to meet such dangers. Write for information, naming your conditions. DREDNAUT 50-S GOGGLES ELIMINATE HEADBAND TROUBLES Ask any user or purchaser of industrial goggles what feature of the goggles they use causes them the most trouble and they will unanimously answer "the rubber headbands." With the advent however of the "Drednaut Non-Rubber Headband" all the troubles encountered with elastic rubber headbands have been overcome and a headband provided which: Keeps an even, unvarying tension at all times Does not lose its elasticity Can easily be adjusted to any headsize Stays permanently adjusted Does not twist or become stringy Will wear longer than rubber headbands Eliminates frequent costly replace ment Easily washed and sterilized Oil, grease, moisture does not de teriorate them. Drednaut Goggles incorporate the highest degree of safety, comfort, and economy, providing a frame which is strong, light in weight, non-inflammable and waterproof, and which is well ventilated and provides a wide angle of vision. Drednaut frames are sold under a guarantee of replacement without cost if broken in service. To satisfy yourself that our claims are true use the coupon attached. Sign it and send it in today. Manuiat turrt s <>/ tmlnstnnl uogulvs, >?//</ v cltithing, aim t*s. Ifuginus. uprttns ami Iwlnntx, liospirntnrs. \antl blast hoimots. lailtlar shoo-, anil a iumploto lint* ot tutidont pro* rontmn lapupmrnt, Scntl tor onr dialog. The Safety Equipment Service Co. B. W. Nutt [ 228 St, Clair Avc. Cleveland Ohio THE SAFETY EQUIPMENT SERVICE CO., 1228 Sr. Clair Avc*,, Cleveland, Ohio. I*)r;is<* enter our order for..........pairs of Drednaut "iiis .ttitli nrtr Non-iUibher Headband*, We (sene (he i'i|iht to return same for full credit.