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Part 6. Part 7. Part 8. Part 9* Par*- 10. Part 11.
ASBESTOS BULLETIN
Vol.7
No.6
November - December, 1966.
Editor: C. 2. Carroli-Porczynski
C 0 IT TENTS ??.fcT6
asbestos ::;:t::c-............................................................................ 143 ASBESTOS CEE TENT............................................................................ 147 ASBESTOS TEXTILES........................................................................156 ASBESTOS FRICTION MATERIALS................................................ 137 ASBESTOS EEINFCP.CEB PLASTICS........................................... 157 BUILDING MATERIALS ............................................................. 15c ASBESTOS SEALING,COATING COMPOSITIONS.........................160 ASBESTOS PAPER & INSULATING MATERIALS.........................161 REFRACTORY FIBRES........................................................................162 MISCELLANEOUS................................................................................. 153 REVIEW OF JOURNALS................................................................... 165
(C) Copyright Astex Publishing Co., 1566.
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PART
ASBESTOS MINING.
143
CANADA.
532 ASBESTOS PRODUCTION. Dominion 3ureau of Statistics,Ottawa.
Total asbestos production for the first five months of 1966 was 525,503 tons compared to 443,100 for the same period in 1565-
533 MCADAH'S ASBESTOS DEVELOPMENT. 'lining J.,July 1,1966f p. 500.
A large asbestos deposit is being investigated by McAdam Hiring Coro, in the Chibougamau district of N.'.V.Quebec. Total tonnage so far indicated through diamond drilling has been estimated at little over 165 million +ons, with an average fibre content 4/=. '.Vith respect to mill feed beneficiation, some I1C.5 million tons with fibre content: is envisaged.
534 ABITI3I ASBESTOS MINING COMPANY LTD. Asbestos .Sept. i960. ?. 32,
At l~st report, the first hole to be rum down by Abitibi at. its ilaioerets Township property in Northwesmern Quebec,Canada, was at 330 feet. Asbestos fibre was stated to be present in 220 feet of
QQ Y
52: *.~.s V ` 'P"- MlhrS lINIIz.1.
Advocate Hines limited reo^rted net income of SI,473.100 for the
first half of 1966, more than double of that for the corresponding cericd : f
ASBESTOS CORPORATION UNIT]
Asbesmos Corporation limited net income for the six months ending June 30, 1966, was Si,583,725, up 77 from '96,250 for the first half of 1965.
K v CASSIA?, ASBESTOS CORPORATION LIMETED.
Sales of asbestos fibre for the first half of the year were 9,156,240 compared with ,085,300 for the same period in 1965Net profit amounted to 1,302,421 against 1,648,535*
538 PHILIP CAREY.
Net earnings of The Philip Carey Manufacturing Co.and subsidiaries for the first six months of 1966 were 1,240,283 compared with 867,499 for the same period of 1965*
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U.S.A.
539 ASBESTOS. T.C.May. Bull.Bur.Mines, 1965,No.630,81-90.
Main world's asbestos deposits are listed and applications of asbestos are described. The asbestos industry of the U.S.A. is discussed, particularly with respect to the scarcity of raw materials. Lata are given relating to the asbestos trade and the acti\Tity of more important asbestos research organisations.
540 ASBESTOS: PRODUCTION AND TRADE IN THE U.S.A. AND OTHER COUNTRIES. Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter, Chemical Marketing, 5* 9. 1966. 59.
U.S. production of asbestos jumped in 1965 by 17;-- with a value
increase of 255$ (sales of domestic material amounted to 113,275
short tens), compared with world production which increased by
about 2io. Production in other countries was (in short tons);
Canada 1.4 mill, (down 2) U.S.S.R. estimated at 1.3 mill.(constant),
iouth Africa 240,752 (up 12?*),
iesia 172,400 (up 12;-').
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E * 1 LIQLCDEZHNOE CHRYSOLITE ASBESTOS DEPOSIT. M.E.Camashchikov - 5-9 <
A r.ev; chrysotile a.sbestcs deposit has been discovered in the area north-east from Baikal lake. It has a. high content of high grade textile asbestos; the total asbestos content is about 10-/,. It is estimated that the total asbestos reserve there amounts to 15-17 mill.tons. The deposit is associated with a lens-shaped hyperbaoite massif. The conditions of mineralisation in this zone favoured the formation of high grade asbestos.
542 EXPORT C? ASBESTOS FROM THE SOVIET UNION IN 1965Yneshnaya Torgovlya S33R za 1965 god, 28,74.
Export of asbestos from S53R in 1965 amounted to 248,400 tons (1964 - 212,200 t., I960 - 146,100 t.) The main importers were West Germany, France, East Germany, Poland, Japan etc.
543 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MINERALOGY OF GEORGIA. (PYROXENES AND AMPHIBOLES). G. V. Gvakhariya et al. Tr.Geol. In-ta, AN Gruz.SSR, 1965, No.6, 1-87.
In Georgia, amphiboles are represented by actinolite asbestos, hornblende and barkerite.
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AUSTRALIA.
544 ASEESTOS IN AUSTRALIA. Z. Kalix. Austral. Mineral. Ind.1955, 18, No.1, Part 1, 14-18.
The bulk (97$) of Australian asbestos output consists of crocidolite from Western Australia (10,782 tons in 1964). Small quantities of chrysotile asbestos are mined in New South Wales and Western Australia? tremolite asbestos occurs in South Australia.
545 INFRA-RED ABSORPTION STUDY OP CROCIDOLITE AND ASSOCIATED ROCKS FROM WITTENOOM GORGE, V/.A. D. J. O'Connor and J. K. Patterson. Proc.Austraias. Inst.Min. Metall.No.217,
Melbourne, March 1966, 29-31*
The spectrum of the country reck is appreciably different from those of crocidolite and the magnetite-rich host rocks which are closely similar. A process f~r the separation of crocidoLite-bearing ore from the country rock, b^sed cn infra-red emission, is thus possible in theory.
NEW ZEALAND.
546 On ET S105, GEOLOGICAL MAP C? iT. ZEALAND.
Wellington,
Geological Survey, July 1965
Genera structural and economic geology of the area is described,
i Nickel chromium, asbestos, geld and cassiterite occurrences are
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noted.
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547 AN INVESTIGATION CP AIvIPHISGLS ASEESTOS DEPOSITS IN THE CH0I.IA HILL AREA,' NCKEU DISTRICT. I. LI. Kirkoatrick.
Rec. geol. Surv. Malawi, Zomba, 5, 1963 (1965), 100-120.
The main deposits of amphibole asbestos occur in the vicinity of Choma Hill and near Eayani village. Investigations have revealed that the deposits are of very limited extent and that the bulk of fibres are of inferior quality.
548 SOUTHERN RHODESIA. Mineral Trade Notes,7ol.63,No.1, July, 1966, p.6.
Statistics on Rhodesian mineral production for the last quarter of 1965 have not been released;output of asbestos during the first 9 months of the year reached 129,308 short tons,compared with 112,961 tons in the corresponding period of 1964 and 153,451 tons
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in the full year 1964.
A Rhodesian affiliate of Cementation Co. of South Africa was scheduled to complete a 20-foot-diameter shaft to a depth of 1,460 feet at the Gaths-King mines by mid-1966. The Company also was awarded a contract to deepen the shaft at the Birthday section of the Shabani mine. The rectangular shaft will be converted to
a 23-foot-diameter circular shaft, 2184 feet deep. A haulageway was completed in 1964 connecting the Nil and Birthday sections to permit ore to be treated at the latter section. Bump ore was being treated at the Nil Desperanaum unit.
Source: Foreign Service Despatch A-375, Mar.10,1966 - Johannesburg.
549 REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. Mineral Trade Notes, Vol.4 3,No.2, August 1966, p. 4 and 5*
Production of asbestos increased to 240,752 short tens in 1965
compared with 215,592 tens in 1964. The Cape blue (crccidolite)
variety accounted for most cf the increase in output. A sharp rise
in local sales from 11,545 tons in 1964 to 22,428 tens in 1965 was
accompanied by a slight decline in exports. (A breakdown of exports
by varieties and countries f
was published in Mineral Trade
Notes, August 1965). Bat .a on count:ries cf destination f Qr 3.91 O ^ 0,1*6
not available.
1Q64
Production
Local Sales
Exports
Variety
s hort tons
s. tor.s Value R.
s.tons
Value R.
Amosite Chrysntile Cape blue Transvaal blue
77,276
35,921 92,091 10,304
1,795 7,444
1,479 827
125,713
417,093
154,113 96.752
1,763 28,573 97,135 10.709
7,761,940 2,103,664 12,770,140
1.2 35,129
Total
1965 Variety
215.592 11.545
793,671 216,180 23.871.073
Amosite Chrysotile Cape blue Transvaal blue
80,735 38,895 112,329
8,793
2,759 12,610
5,855 1.204
194,827 820,940
645,385 128,056
75,981
25,299 98,217 10,078
7,540,503 1,836,633 12,837,564 1.204,739
Total
240,752 22.428 1 ,789.208 209,575 23,419,439
Note: 1 South African rand equals U.S. ^1.40
Source: Rep. of S.Africa, Dept.of Mines. Quarterly Information Circular, Minerals, Oct-Dec.1965> Pretoria.
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147
550 THE POSSIBILITES OF USING MINERAL WOOL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ASBESTOS CEMENT SHEET PRODUCTS.
I. Z. Volchek, E. 0. 3arbakad2e, A. V. Zagrebneva.
(Translation from Russian)
The main purpose of employing other reinforcing fibres in the manufacture of asbestos cement products is to reduce the consumption of asbestos and to improve certain qualities of the product. In this connection special attention was given to mineral fibres, such as glass, basalt and mineral wool.
As early as 1941 ?. N. Sokolov and I. I. Pen tried to introduce glass wool into the Hatchek asbestos cement making process 2d their experiments demonstrated "he feasibility of i artial replacement of asbestos by glass fibre in the manufacture of asbestos cement,
but strengths of the resulting product diminished with age.
later a method of pa tally replacing asbestos by miherai wool was suggested and tried t (1/ during the years 1951-1955 by the Scientific Research Inst ute for Asbestos Cement at the Krasnyi I Stroitel, Kramatorsk, Sukhalozhsk and Novorossiisk asbestos cement factories. However, its practical use proved impossible mainly because of the bead content in the mineral wcoi. This caused a lowering of the impact strength and cracking of the product. The I efficiency of the sheet making machines using mineral wool have I. also been lowered.
Czechoslovakia and Poland are partially replacing asbestos by basalt wool in their asbestos cement manufacturing prccesses(2,3)
In recent years the manufacturing processes for mineral wool and the wool's quality have been greatly improved. The bulk density and the bead content have been lowered, 'whilst the length of the fibres has been increased. Since the economic aspects of asbestos in asbestos cement products have not lost their importance, the manufacturers in the asbestos cement industry are endeavouring to find ways of reducing its consumption.
As is *well known, the tensile strength of asbestos fibre is high (285-365 kg/mm2 for crude fibre and 6C-80 kg/'mm2 for the opened fibre); it possesses a high absorption power for the hydrat ion products of Portland Cement (line) during the early stages of hardening; it produces a strong bond with the hardened Portland Cement (according to the data of P. N. Sokolov and T. 15. Berkovich: 40-65 kg/cm2); its chemical resistance to the hardening cement
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is high. Asbestos is capable of precipitating and holding a large amount of cement on its surface and of forming an homogenous suspens ion in water, which is necessary for a normal filtration process.
Irian-made mineral fibres also possess considerable mechanical strength. However, because of their brittleness, the strength of the mineral wool in the product is lower than that of asbestos. The mineral wool is capable of absorbing lime, but compared with asbestos this process takes place very slowly in the early stages, later, at the age of 1-3 months, the absorption of lime increases rapidly and as a rule surpasses asbestos (Fig.I).
By an interaction of the mineral 'wool with Ca(CH)p a chemical process takes place which leads to th e formation of new hydration products, and in many cases to the as smruction of the fibre.(4).
The bona between the man-made mineral fibre anc
cement
mortar is weaker than that of asbestos; (according to the data of
a number of investigators it varies from 9 to 2 3 kg/'cm2).
The majority of the types c
irors
far investigated
are destroyed in the medium of hardening Portland Cement, thus
leading to" an c-ventual lowering of strength. lore-over, some types
of fibres are insufficently water resistant -and lose strength even
in distilled water. Mineral wool of a definite chemical composit
ion and basalt wool -are more resistant to destruction, but even they
are inferior to asbestos. Investigations proved (5,5.) that mineral
wool with a modulus of acidity
_ Si02 + AloCm not less than
CaO + ItgC 1.4 and an index of stnbility_ SiC>2 not less than 3.4 are of
AI2C3 increased stability in the medium of hardening Portland Cement.
Concerning its capabilitjr of precipitating and holding cement grains on its surface and of forming stable suspensions, mineral wool is inferior to asbestos, but these suspensions dewater more easily and filter faster.
The reinforcing qualities of mineral wool, irrespective of its chemical composition, are low, but are somewhat increased with the length of the fibre. For example, the bending strength of 7 days old samples, made by the Scientific Research institute was only 5-15T- higher than that of unreinforced cement mortar, while the ultimate strength of samples made with 15/' of asbestos (using normal asbestos cement grades of fibre) were 25C;* higher than for unrein
forced cement mortar.
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The introduction of mineral wool has also negligible influence on the impact strength of cement mortar, while 15? of asbestos increases it 3-4- times.
It is well known that when lowering, the asbestos content, without ; supplementing it by mineral wool, the thickness of the film reduces,
but partial substitution of asbestos by mineral wool improves the filterability of tlie asbestos cement suspension, and helps to retain the thickness of the film and, hence, the productivity of the sheet forming machines. In this respect the mineral wool is a useful
additive.
Asbestos cement in which the asbestos is partially replaced by mineral wool of a definite chemical composition, as a rule does not weaken with 'ge. he exolanaticn 01 this xeavore is Ca(OH)p which is formed during the hydration process of the C3S is
in the"first instance taken up by the asbestos, the absorption
capability of which is higher than that of the mineral wool. 3ecause of this, the latter is protected to a considerable degree from the
aggressive action of the lime. At relatively small mineral wool contents ;ne increase Ox ;ren& 5 with age : .3 determined byythe 4 prevalent influence oi the system 'asbestos -cement1.
The strength figures of asbestos cement depending on the asbestos content are shown in the table.
From these figures one can see that by replacing (up to 33?*)
of the asbestos by mineral wool, the strength of the asbestos cement
in the limits of the investigated periods {six months) increases.
Asbestos cement made at the Sukholczhsk factory, by replacing 10, 15
and 25^ of the asbestos respectively with mineral wool, developed
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7 day strengths which were near to the standard. At the Novorossiisk, Kraraatorsk and 'Krasnyi Stroitel1 factories, 25# of the asb estos as replaced by mineral wool and the strength dropped consider
ably below the standard. However, asbestos cement products approach
I ing the standard strengths were made at the Kramatorsk and 'Krasnyi
A
* Stroitel' factories when 105* of the asbestos was replaced by mineral
wool.
It has been observed that the density of product increases whilst the water absorption and the impact strength decrease.
Experimental work on replacing asbestos was carried out recently at the Ahan-Garansk factory^ The mineral wool used was of the following comoosition (in#):- SiOp-44.78; AI2O3-II.37; Pi203-2.47 HaO-O.ll; CaO-35.71; MgC-2.6; SO3-O.62; 0ils-0.68; and the Portland Cement characterised by a chemical and mineralogical
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composition (inft);- SiQ2~22.49; AI2O3-4.52; F920q-4.74; Ca0-65.14; MgO-2.55; C3S-I9; C3A-4; C4AF-I4? CaSo4-4.
The mineral wool, which contained 12ft of beads measuring over 0.5 mm., was introduced instead of P/5/65 grade -asbestos, replacing 10, 15 and 20ft of the latter. The amount of fibre in the slurry was 13.3?". The quality of the asbestos cement made with 10 and 15ft of mineral wool at 7 days old conformed with the requirements of the All-Union Standard 378-60. V/hen using these amounts of mineral
wool, there was no noticeable influence, at the age of six months, either in density, frost resistance or impact strength. "/hen increasing the mineral wool content to 20ft of the fibre content, all strength indices are reduced, especially the impact strength.
At the asbestos cement factory n *1 ^ introduction of 15;* mineral wool resulted in a product !-n n h at 7 drawys a;?; s was oqua_ xn
density and water absorption to c-nc containing no
ral wool,
Film thickness during c:-: nor inerts and also crcducti - t qv
was he-at at
Scientific Research Institute fer Asbestos Cement -and its Ukrnrian Branch - 'Institute of Glass '.loci' investigated the use of basalt wool in asbestos ce ment. The wool, measuring 4, 12 and 20 microns in diameter was na de from basalt from the Isachkov quarry The experiments showed that e yen by substituting LCft cf asbestos the strength of the product at 7 days was somewhat lower than the standarc .
Asbestos cement products from the I-iev asbestos cement factory, made by substituting 2Oft of asbestos with basalt wool of average diameter 15-17 microns (from basalts of 'Yanova Polina' quarry) were 15ft weaker than the standard ones and did not conform with the
All-Union Standard 378-60.
Experimental data obtained fro s the experiments carried out at different times, form the basis of the following conclusions ; the reinforcing quality of the mineral 'wool is lower than that 0 f asbestos and it cannot be regarded as an equivalent substitute for
asbestos.
Partial replacement of asbestos by mineral wool leads to a regular change of physical and mechanical qualities of asbestos cement. Bending and impact strengths .are lowered, but density increases and water absorption consequently decreases. As the asbestos is replaced by more mineral wool so the more pronounced these changes become. At some factories if the percentage is 10-15 the asbesxos cement which is produced, conforms with the existing
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Pig.1.
The amount of absorbed CaC in mg. per lg. of fibre.
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Asbestos content in the slurry in y to the standard
Thickness of the primary asbestos cement layer (film) when lowering asbestos content and substituting it by mineral wool.
(Sulrholnzhsk Factory)
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standard. Moreover, the filterability of the suspension is improved, which furthers the preservation of the film's thickness and con sequently the productivity of the sheet making machines.
Thus, a partial replacement of the asbestos by mineral wool is permissible only after experiments have been carried out in each particular case, which ensure that the quality of the product will conform with the requirements of the existing standard. The argument for using mineral wool must also be supported by economic considerations.
The price of it in some regions is higher than that of asbestos cement grades of asbestos and the use of mineral wool also causes the deterioration of the cylinder meshes and felts.
The mineral wool for substitution of asbestos must ossess a modulus of acidity, Ma, not less than 1.4; an index of tability not less than 3.4-; CaG absorption after 24 hours not more .an
20 mg/g md an amount of non-fibrous inclusions not more The lowering of t:hv>ep parmor>oi?uvn'Tt. no-f? hbea;nds can be achieved by m o } i novi*r
cleaning cf the mineral wool.
FACTORY
The amount of Asbestos replaced
by Mineral V.c^i in
Relative
Strength of
Samples to
4U. il*->CJ
WX
'`TUj.1
q y'
^
^ ^ vt -*"< -- v
Relative S`trength
of Excerinentai
Samcies
at
4*
j
V,i*CO
age cf 16 lays to
O ^ th of4. v- ^
*??. r*'
*s^ a 5^.?'"O h'yi *> "
Crn4
Sukhclczhsk
1C
- *5 A
109
-5 96 12 '
25 4-
-'-U
Kcve r ^ s oii3 k
25 -
68
166
Krasr.yi Stroit el Toni
25
69 120
Kramatorsk
10
15 25 33
94 129
97 123 90 133 94 127
Krasnyi Stroit al 1951
10
15 20
25
96
' 93 87 87
-
-
-
NOTE: The age of the standard samples v/as 7 days
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551 EXPLOITATION CHARACTERISTICS OE ASBESTOS CEMENT PIFES. Yu.Danilevich and N.I.Belous.
The use of asbestos cement pipes for the transportation of gases or liquids under higher pressures, especially when hydraulic impacts must be taken into account, is hindered by several factors. The most important of these factors is the relative weakness of the pipe joints. The Authors describe improved asbestos cement muffs
developed by NIIAsbestsement; still better results can be obtained using cast iron muffs. The machining of asbestos cement pipes (for the application of muffs) considerably reduced their strength (especially in the case of small diameter pipes). A great reduct ion in pipe strength(up to 70-90ft) may result from impacts during their transportation, due to minute cracks. On the other hand, ageing of asbestos cement pipes for one year increases their strength 1.5 - 4*5 times. Ageing results in increase in the length of the pipes (up to 0.2?=) and in their diamexsrs.
LARGE ASBESTOS G
:ts o? sea:
G. 3. Blokh et a . 3tro: Elat. ,156b 1 O
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8.
Dimensions and mechanical properties are tabulated for two new standard corrugated asbestos cement sheets, UV-6 and UV-7.5> designed for roofing dwelling and industrial buildings respectively. Production scheme is given. Comparison is mode fcexween the specifications of the new standard sheets and the corresponding old types VO and VU.
553
MUFFS FOR ASBESTOS CEMENT U-D-LfS uDJjD Xii Vi-r- 3 PIPELINES.
M. S. Chechenin and G. A. 'ugachev.
Two new types of muffs for asbestos cement pipelines, SAIvI-1 and SAU-2, for the transportation of water under pressure (up to 15 atm. for SAM-1 and up to 40 atm. for SAM-2) have been developed by INIAsbestsement. They are made of asbestos cement and provided with self-sealing rubber rings. Production methods are described.
554 AUSTRIAN PATENT 242,259- PROCESS FOR THE APPLICATION OF FIBROUS, GRANULAR OR FLAKY MATERIALS ONTO ASBESTOS CEMENT SURFACES. Eternit-'Verke Ludwig Katschek.
This process comprises applying onto an asbestos cement surface layer a layer of an ethoxylic resin or a polyisocyanate, or a mixture of the latter with a polyolefin. Then a comminuted solid material such as sand, optionally coloured, is spread over the coating, 'which is subseauently allowed to harden at room temperature*
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555 BRITISH PATENT 1,032,557. APPARATUS FCR MANUFACTURING CORRUGATED ASBE3TCS-CEME2TT SHEETS. Pont A Mousscn Co.
A machine specially designed for discontinuous manufacture of sheets having small corrugations.
556 THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE ASBESTOS CEMENT INDUSTRY TO THE NATIONAL ECONOMY. Yu. S. Grizak. Stroit.Mat.1966, 12,
No.9, 9-11.
Details are given of the targets for the asbestos cement industry set in the current five year plan (1966 - 1970). The dunned rate of growth is exceedingly high (about lCCf= in five years). Figures are given relating to the current and future production of asbestos cement plates and pipes, and specifications of the products. Renovation -and large extension of production facilities are planned.
557 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC IIOPRCVEHENIS IN THE HANUFACTURE OF ASBESTOS CEMENT ARTICLES AT THE KIEV COMBINE. N.V.Selous.
Technical improvements briefly described in this article included automatic lubrication of the metal supports in the production of asbestos cement tiles, addition of polyacrylamide when using low grade asbestos, use of radioactive isotopes for controlling convey ance of the materials, use of capronic monofilaments nets etc.
558 GERMAN PATENT 1,223,501. MOULDING ANT- COATING COMPOSITIONS Henkel & Cie.
Compositions especially suitable for casting moulds are manufactured from finely divided inert fillers or pigments and alkali-free silicate binders, such as.tetraethanolamrconium silicate or tetraethanolpiperazinium silicate. Suitable fillers include silica, alumina, zirecnia, carbon black, asbestos etc. In one example, the composition was used for coating asbestos cement plates.
559 BELGIAN PATENT 676,909.' COATING CF ASBESTOS CEMENT BUILDING MATERIALS. Pennsalt Chem.Corp.
The surface of asbestos cement building materials, such as panels, is heated to 54 - 135C, and a thin layer of "coating mixture K" is applied onto it and cured under the action of heat. Then a further layer of the "coating mixture H" is applied and cured to give an impermeable coating having a thickness of 10 microns. The mixture "H" is an aqueous dispersion of a resin,which also contains a hexavaisnt chromium compound and a reducing agent capable of reducing the chromium to the tetravalent state when the mixture is heated to 120-245C. The mixture may also contain a coloured inorganic pigment.
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560 INDIAN PATENT 95,918. ASBESTOS CEMENT PRODUCTS. Johns -Mama lie Corp.
Asbestos cement products are manufactured by forming on a moving support a thin layer of a slurry comprising asbestos fibres and an hydraulic cement, applying an aqueous solution of sodium silicate to the wet sheet formed, removing the wet sheet from the support, superimposing several such sheets and forming a laminate product.
561 GERMAN PATENT 1,226,476. COLOURED,' SHAPED, ASBESTOS CEMENT PRODUCTS. Soc.Anon.Eternit.
Shaped asbestos cement articles are provided with a surface layer inhibiting the growth of parasitic organisms, which contains coloured fibres of amphibole asbestos, especially of crecidolite or amcsite asbestos.
PART 3. ASBESTOS TEXTILES.
562 FRENCH PATENT 1,425,845. PYROMETER. Soc.des Borges et Ateliers du Creusot.
A pyrometer for continuous measuring of the temperature of molten cast iron comprises a thermocouple placed in a siiimanite tube, closed at its lower end and contained in a protective quartz sheath, which is sealed above the immersion level, to a coaxial sheath holder protected by a layer of asbestos fabric.
563 AUSTRALIAN PATENT 252,612 PIPE IN3ULATICNS. Australian Asbestos Prop.Ltd.
A heat insulation material fcr lagging pipes is produced by wrapping an interliner, e.g. a-thin plastic sheet, around a cylindrical former or mandrel, spraying or brushing the interliner with sodium silicate or another suitable adhesive, wrapping a mat of asbestos fibres around it (applying pressure) and coating the assembly with further layers of the adhesive and asbestos fibres until the re quired thickness is reached.
564 BRITISH PATENT 1,023,575. COATING OP OBJECTS. British Ropes.
Asbestos fabric may be coated with electrostatically charged powder. i,: ill 565 BRITISH PATENT 1,036,600. POLYMERIC MATERIALS.
Albright & Wilson (Mfg.) Ltd. Asbestos cloth or glass fibre mat can be used to provide a heat shield
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PAST 566
ASBESTOS FRICTION MATERIALS. CANADIAN PATENT 727,004. FRICTION MATERIAL. Johns-Manvilie.
Friction compositions having r. high friction coefficient, a. lev/ wear rate and some polishing ability comprises 30 - 60 ->vt.of Grade 7D or comparable asbestos fibre, 20 - 5CN- of a thermosetting
resin, rubber or elastomer having a good thermal resistance, 15-25 v;t.?j> of comminuted expanded perlite and, optionally, other friction components such as litharge, sine oxide etc.
567 BRITISH PATENT 1,031.397.
o^.TnRj-.u^c. C. o, ..hit G.
Asbestos mentioned as n filler.
PART 5. ASBESTOS REINFORCED PIA.5T1C3.
568 ASBESTOS-REINFORCED PLASTICS. EFFECT CF FIBRE ORIENTATION.
E. 0. Ohsol and ?. I. Mcv/hirter. Gummisbest-Kunststoxfc-,
1966,
No. 8, 969-971.
A summary is given cf a lecture delivered by the authors at the 19tli Annual Conference of the Reinforced Plastics Division of SPI in Chicago in February 1964. The offset of fibre orientation on the mechanical properties cf asb-estos-reir.foreed plastics is discussed in detail on the example of amphibcle asbestos-phenol resin eomcosites. The parallel orientation greatly improves the mechanical properties of the products, (figures arc tabulated).
FRENCH PATENT 1,439,952. HETCNE-ALDEHYDE-FHENOLI0
RESINS
BINDERS F 6?/ C CGI?OSI IE MATERIALS. Sccony Mobil
Oil Co.
Superior binders for composite materials containing fibrous,granular or flaky fillers are produced by reacting e.g. acetone, and an aldehyde e.g. formaldehyde, vith one or several phenolic compounds. Fibrous materials mentioned include asbestos.
570 FRENCH PATENT 1,447,029. MOULDING COMPOSITIONS. Cape Asbestos Co.
Moulding compositions comprise a partially polymerised epgxy resin, having an epoxy index of i60 - 450 and a viscosity (at 23C) from 4 poises to a solid state, a hardening agent for the epoxy resin, and asbestos fibres.
571 BRITISH PATENT 1,041,851. IMPRESSION MOULDING COMPOSITION BASED ON POLYSI1CXANE3. A. Kattenbach.
Asbestos mentioned as a filler.
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ASARCO ALV 0006712
158 AS32ST0S BULLETIN
572 BULLISH PATENT 1,039,501 HEAT STABLE OSC-ANOSIUCON ELASTOMERIC COMPOSITIONS Dovv Corning Corp.
Chrysotile asbestos is used as a filler increasing tensile properties of the product.
573 BELGIAN PATENT 677,209- REINFORCED PLASTIC COMPOSITION Koninklijke Nederlandsche Machinefabrik.
A process is described for the preparation of extrudable compositions comprising polymers, such as polyester resins, and fillers, such as vegetable or mineral fibres, by heating and kneading. In an example, asbestos is used as a filler.
c;1 TRENCH PATENT 1,401,495- PIEEE-RZINFCBCED CXY RESINS. Union Carbide Corn.
Epoxy resins, produced from solid and liquid isomers bis - (2i3-epoxy c3!-ciopentyl) ether in the presence of a. curing agenx, are reinforced with a fibrous material, such as osbestos, glass fibres, metallic fibres etc., in an .amount of 25-90 per cent, based on the weight of the composition. The products can be used as electrical insulators, castings, binders for laminates or abrasive articles, etc.
csv;c>; CBCCIDOLIIE ASBESTOS AS .4 REINFORCING PIER IN SYNTHETIC RESINS. A. Bennett. Reinforced rlastics, ept.1955, 11, No. 1, 18,20,22.
The properties of crocidolite asbestos are compared with those of other asbestos varieties and comparative tables cf tensile strength and Young's modulus are given. Applications of crocidolite fibres in reinforced plastics are discussed in detail, and mechanical and electrical properties of various crc-cidolite-reinforced plastic creducts are tabulated.
;R :S.
576 CANADIAN PATENT 729,252. LIGHTWEIGHT FI3EHED BUILDING PRODUCTS. Union Carbide Corp.
Asbestos short fibres of the type mined at Coalinge.(Calif.) are mixed with water and phosphoric acid, the resulting slurry is foamed, and the foam product is poured into moulds and steamautoclaved. The product is then dried at 325u to 350UE. A resin or hydraulic cement can be used as a binder, and fillers may be added.
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577 BRITISH PATENT 1,029,827. PANELS PGR WALLS PGR BUILDINC-S. Tensile Products Ltd.
The outer layer of sandwich construction may be formed from asbestos board and the inner layer from wood wool.
AUSTRALIAN PATENT 236,585- PIBERED MORTARS, PAINTS AND PLASTERS. Tile Council of America Inc.
Compositions which do not lose water when placed on a dry backing base comprises asbestos fibres, portland cement urea, methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and, usually, a fine sand and another inert filler. Setting shrinkage is reduced compared with conventional Portland cement mortar3. The composition forms strong bonds with various substrate materials.
579 FRENCH PATENT 1,414,915- LIGHT-WEIGHT ASBESTOS BASE MATERIAL. S. A. Prancaise du ^erodo.
Light-weight structural materials, such as panels, blocks cr insulating ccating, having a cellular structure are produced frcm a mixture of asbestos fibres and a cement or another binder, using a blowing agent e.t low or modere.te temperatures. . The products are fireproof, acid resistant and do not rot.
580
cl A-
PATENT 16,179/66. HEAT-RESISTANT STRUCTURAL
ARTERIAL. Musashicnc Xagaku Kenkya-3ho K.X.
Keat-rssist-ant structural material is produced from a porous inorganic powder, granular or fibrous material, such as graphite, asbestos etc.,
and a copolymer comprising 45-75 wt.A of triallylcanurate and 25 - 55 wt.>- of styrene,or and - methylstyrene.
581 BRITISH PATENT 1,037,677. CEILING TILES. Pertonit Ltd.
A fireproof ceiling tile consists of a layer of semi-rigid asbestos based board and a layer of mineral fibre board, the two layers being secured together by an adhesive and having metal plates sandwiched between them, each metal plate having opening for fastening.
582 3RITISH PATENT 1,043,015. STRUCTURAL AND PAVING PRODUCTS USING CALCIUM SILICATE HYDRATE BONDING MATRIX. The Colonial Sugar Refining Co.
The asbestos blend may contain amosite, chrysotile and crocidolite Qixed in proportion to impart suitable filtering properties to the slurry and optimum strength characteristics to the autoclaved products.
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FART 7. ASBESTOS SEALING, COATING COMPOSITIONS.
583 BRITISH PATENT 1,029,570. PROTECTIVE COATING. Dorit Aktienges ells chaft.
Asbestos mentioned as a filler.
584 U.S.S.R. PATENT 179,660. MASTICS PC'R FLAT ROOP COVERINGS. Id. I. Povaiyaev and others.
Ida sties for flat roof coverings, consisting of bit omen, asbestos of 6-7 grade with a moisture content not exceeding 5f-, or chalk, diamomaceaus earth or ether finely comminuted fillers, comprise in
addition l/Ionuron (0.3 - 0.5$), simazine (0.5 - 0.8;-) or sodium salt cf 2,4 - diehloro - phenoxyacetic acid (1,5 - 1,7;-), as bio cidal agents.
585
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INORGANIC FIBRES. Sanrihu Eengyo
The- title products are manufactured by adding ' butadiene and styrene having good adhesive properties and a copolymer of carboxymethylcelluloso ana aerylanide to mixture of cement and inorganic fibres, such as rock - or glaS3 - wool, asbestos or the like. The products have good workability and are suitable as heat - and sound - insulators, fire-resistant structural elements etc.
586 BRITISH PATENT 103,7 M. LATEX FAINTS COMPRISING DISPERSIONS CP MODIFIED STYRENE-BUTADIENE COPOLYMERS.
Chemische Aerie Hals Aktier.gesellsennft.
587 INDIAN PATENT 96,788. FIRE-RETARDANT BITUMINOUS COMPOSITION. ' Hooker Chem. Corp.
Pire-retardant bituminous coatings are produced from molten asphalt, mineral spirits ^nd asbestos fibres, with addition of pentachloropontadienoic acid and of antimony oxide.
588 BRITISH PATENT 1,042,931. MANUFACTURE OP AS3EST0S SHEET PRODUCTS. Turner Bros. Asbestos Co.Ltd.
This invention relates to asbestos sheet product comprising asbestos fibres bound together with a polymer of styrene, butadiene and unsaturated carboxylic-acid.
589 BRITISH PATENT 1,042.587. METHOD OP MAXING LATEX-BONDED ASBESTOS PI3RE SHEET. U.S.Rubber Co.
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59O BRITISH PATENT 1,042,552. FIBRE COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION. Japan Synthetic Rubber Co.
This invention relates to a method for producing fibre composition (e.g. asbestos) consisting of fibrous materials and rubber latex.
591 EAST GERMAN PATENT 45,562. JOINT FI LUNG COMPOSITION. W. Franke and A. Harnish.
A composition for filling joints or fissures in building construct ions of concrete, reinforced concrete and steel, in roads, dams etc., comprises epoxide resins and/or their combinations with bitumen, asphalt, tar or rubber, and, optionally, pre-impregnated or otherwise pre-treated, inorganic or organic fillers, fibres or fibrous inserts. Suitable charges include comminuted rubber, wastes, slate flour, asbestos etc. Suitable inserts include, inter alia, asbestos cords. The composition is suitably applied in two layers, viz., a ground coat and a hard covering, which may contain various adjuvants, such as hardeners, solvents etc.
FART 8. ASBESTOS PAPER AND INSULATING MATERIALS.
592 CANADIAN PATENT 729,515- ASBESTOS PAPER. Johns-Manville.
Paper suitable for making moulded articles, such as dialectic laminates is produced by mixing about 97N of a harsh asbestos fibre (chrjrsotile, crociaolite or amosite) with about 3*7 of a water-insoluble polymer and the mixture is formed into sheets by
conventional methods and cured.
593 GERMAN PATENT 1,224,139- PRODUCTION OF PAPER, PASTEBOARD OR THE LIKE FROM INORGANIC FIBRES. 7,'aeker-Chenie G.m.b.K.
Process for producing paper, pasteboards etc., based on inorganic fibres, comprises preparing a mixture of the fibres and, optionally, powder fillers with a silicone rosin emulsion containing emulsifiers based on polyethylene glycol, 'forming the mixture while removing water, and finally drying and curing the product. The fibres are preferably asbestos fibres; but glass fibres or slagwool may also be used. If fire-resistance is not required, organic fibres may be added. Suitable powder fillers include, inter alia, asbestos
flour.
594 BRITISH PATENT 1,028,844. CELLULAR INSULATING MATERIAL. Turner Bros. Asbestos Co.Ltd.
Thermal or acoustic insulation based on asbestos fibres.
ASARCO ALV 0006716
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595 GERMAN PATENT 1,224,653- PRODUCTION 0? HEAT - AND SOUND INSULATING CELLULAR MATERIALS BASED ON ASBESTOS. Turner Brothers Asbestos Co.
The title process comprises forming a film from an aquoous dispersion containing asbestos fibres, optionally with addition of other fibres, a surface active agent which serves as a binder for asbestos fibres, and a coagulating agent capable of precipitating the said surface active agent, breaking the film and'shaping the mass and finally removing water to obtain a dry, cellular structure.
596 GEOLOGY OP DEPOSITS CP INDUSTRIAL MINERALS. NO.l. PETROGRAPHY AND GENESIS C? DEPOSITS 0? BRITTLE CERYSOTILE ASBESTOS, by N. D. Sobolev and V. Ya. Volochaev. "Nedra",
Moskva 1966, 80 pp., ill.
597 FRENCH PATENT 1,437,175- ANTITHERMIC MATERIALS. Frotherma Co.
Cryogenic and endothermic, fire-resistant materials useful as firebarriers are produced from two ingredients each containing at least one substance able to sccr_tane-''usly start a chemical reaction, at least one of the ingredients containing a foam producing constituent. In an example, the .first ingredient consists of (in r-)% gypsum 60-65, msthylcellulose 3.5 - 5, asbestos or mica powder 1.4 - 5- magnesium carbonate 17, sodium bicarbonate or carbonate 13-13-1: The second ingredient comprises 99 - 93-85^ of anhydrous citric acid and 0.15-1? of a colourant.
598 BELGIAN PATENT 678,518. HEAT-INSULATING REFRACTORY CONCRETE. Commissariat a 1'Energie Atomiaue.
Refractory concrete is produced by mixing an aluminous binder, which sets when treated with water (e.g. aluminous cement) with expanded clay and asbestos powder.
599 SOUTH AFRICAN PATENT 65/4824- INSULATING FIBROUS MATERIAL. Sittil A.G.
A porousj flexible, heat-insulating material is obtained by foaming a liquid dispersion of asbestos fibres, moulding it to the desired shape and solidifying the product.
PART 9- REFRACTORY FIBRES.
600 BRITISH PATENT 1,030,232. REFRACTORY FIBRES. I. Thompson Fibre Glass Co.
Fibres made from oxides of zirconium, zirconium silicate,aluminium
oxide.
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601 BELGIAN PATENT 676,054. SHAPED CAR30N ARTICLES. P.M.C.Corp.
Shaped carbon articles suitable for use as filters for gases and liquids, catalysts etc., are produced by shaping a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose with finely divided carbon, cellulose fibres, asbestos, a glass-forming oxide, a metal or a metallic compound, and then heating the mixture in reducing conditions until the cellulose is carbonised.
THE DIFFUSION OF ZINC IN THREAD-LIKE CRYSTALS OF COPPER. 3. S. Bokshtein and others. Doklady Akad.Nauk.S3SR, 1966,
169, No.2, 320-323.
Diffusion of zinc in copper whiskers (5 and 20 microns) c.nd in very thin copper wires produced by various methods have been studied. The activation energy is the smallest in 5 micron whiskers and so is the temperature coefficient of diffusion.
603 RELAXATION PROPERTIES OF COPPER-IRON WHISKERS. 7.S.Postnikov et al. Fizika I-Iet-alov i iletallovedenic, 19-6, 21, No. 5, 770 - 774.
Internal friction, shear modulus and some other properties such as electric resistivity have been determined for mixed copner-iren whiskers produced by simultaneous reduction of mixtures of chlorides of copper and iron with hydrogen. Only monocrystalline whiskers
with uniform structure and without any external layer of a different material have been investigated. Such whiskers are obtained when the Cu:?e ratio is not less than 3' 1; they consist of a solid solution of iron in copper.
604 INDIAN PATENT 96363- METHOD 0? CCLLZCTING METAL WHISKERS Gen.Electric Co.
Whiskers grown on a substrate are removed from it by immersing the substrate with the whiskers in mercury, applying vibrations,admixing an inert liquid, in which the whiskers accumulate and separating the whiskers by filtration.
PART 10. MISCELLANEOUS
605 FRENCH PATENT 1,447,951. FIBRE MAT SHEETS. W.H.V/.Schuller.
Sheets are produced from non-woven fibres or strands of glass fibres, mineral wool, asbestos or organic fibres, bonded with a binding agent. Reinforcing elements are arranged longitudinally,transversely or in both directions, and the sheets may be perforated.
ASARCO ALV 0006718
164 ASBESTOS BULLETIN
606 EFFECT OP THERMAL TREATMENT CN MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OP NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC AMPHIBOLE FIBRES. E.M.Nadgornyi, L. P. Grigor'eva and A. P. Ivanov. Izv.Akad.Nauk.SSSR, Neorg. Materialy, 1966, 2, No.4, 761-3.
Synthetic fluoroamphibole fibres and crocidolite fibres were subjected to thermal treatment at 200 - 800C. It has been found that the strength of crocidolite asbestos fibres sharply decreases after heating at temperatures above 250C. A similar decrease in the strength of synthetic fluoroamphibole fibres results from heating at and above 400 - 450C. Causes of this effect could not be established by crystallo-optical, chemical ana x-ray analyses. Investigations of this problem are confirmed.
607 FRENCH PATENT 1,438,783. BATTERY SEPARATORS. 7.R.Grace & Co.
Battery separators are produced from microporous sheets consisting of a polyolefin, a filler and a plasticiser, by wetting the sheets with water, heating then with infrared radiation to the softening point and moulding then to obtain the desired shape. Suitable fillers include silica, carbon black, nice., nontnorillonite,asbestos, Portland cement, wood fibres, glass particles etc.
608 NETHERLANDS APPLICATION 6,501,218. FOIL FOR V,"RAPPING T03ACC0 PRODUCTS. E. C-erlach G.m.b.
Foil for wrapping tobacco products, especially cigars and cigarettes, is produced from an insoluble cellulose derivative, being preferably a natural or synthetic cellulose either or ester and containing inorganic fillers. In an example, a foil is made of 850 parts methylene chloride, 150 parts methanol, 25 parts methyl cellulose, 24 parts TiOp, 50 parts mica, 15 parts asbestos meal, 10 parts asbestos fibre, 1 part KNO3 and 20 parts diethylene glycol.
609 CANADIAN PATENT 655,380. ACETYLENE CONTAINER FILLER. Union Carbide C-oro.
Containers for dissolved acetylene are filled with a porous, stabilised solid mass obtained from an aqueous mixture comprising slaked lime, diatomite or another source of silica, aluminium sulphate and asbestos fibres. The mixture is charged into an evacuated cylinder, preferably while bumping or otherwise agitating the cylinder. The completely filled cylinder is heated first to a temperature above 212F and then to 375-450F with autoclaving to cause the ingredients to react and harden the resulting product.
ASARCO ALV 0006719
asbestos BULLETIN
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610 CANADIAN LATENT 642,585- MOULDED ARTICLES. Rostone Corp.
Strong moulded articles having high electrical resistance, good resistance to erosion by electric arcs, pronounced tendency to suppress arcing and the capability to being moulded to accurate dimensions are produced by preparing an aqueous mixture of minus 2C0-mesh dead-burned magnesia, asbestos fibres and/or other rein forcing fillers, and alumina, forming the mixture into desired shape, treating the shapes with carbon dioxide to convert the magnesia into magnesium carbonate and converting the latter into the hydrate form
by treatment with steam under pressure.
611 '
FRENCH PATENT 1,446,770. Carey Mfg.Co.
iS3EST03-3ASE MATERIALS.
Asbestos-base materials, especially suitable for the manufacture of guide rolls in the glass production, consist of asbestos fibres and a minor proportion of a heat-resistant binder. The fibres comprise at least 30# of a hard highly resilient amphibole asbestos of the paper-making quality. The binder is a mixture of a hydraulic cement
and a plastic montcorillonite clay.
PART 11. BBVTE'.y 0? JOURNALS.
J i "AS3E STCS", September 1966. 1 807 Western Saving Fund Bldg., Philadelphia, Penn. 19107.
. 1 612
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618
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BRITISH ASBESTOS INDUSTRY - PART 2A: GREATER USE OF MOULDED GOODS. .by C.S. Carrcll-Porcaynski.
A general review of recent progress in various branches of the asbestos industry, p.2. '7. E. CLARK (1905-1966), c. 16. MARKET CONDITIONS, p.24. PRODUCTION, p.32. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS, p.34. INDUSTRY NEWS, p..40.
U.3.PATENT 3,262,165. HEAT-INSULATING COMPOSITIONS AND THEIR USE, A.J. Ingham. Production of a low-cost, low-density material suitable fur use in insulating,p.52. U.S.PATENT 3,262,800. ASPHALTIC FAINT COMPOSITION,
E. Baxter, p.52. A smooth-flowing, quick drying road-marking paint having excellent adhesion and flexibility characteristics comprises at least 50# by weight of a conventional paint base, 6-25$ of a lead pigment,1-10$ of silica powder, 3-10# of shellac,1-5# of an asphalt thinner,0-5# of sine oxide, and 1-5# of any one of the following mixtures.
ASARCO ALV 0006720