Document Nee7MYM7KdZg4gqvrxnXbOvGQ

* e&e oo jriuiw/. vt> t i, 4r< ttVtfl it and 3 phr III had scorch time (time required to increase Mooney viscosity by 5) 73 min 22 sec at 130*. compared with 36 min 30 sec. for I contg. 2 phr II; cables sheathed with the above compns. ^tawed similar insulation properties. ^Bi0967k Homogeneous grafting polymers of vinyl chloride. ^Kay et Cie. Belg. 772,261 07 Mar 1972, Appl. 772,261, 07 Sep 1971; 13 pp. Vinyl chloride (I) 175-01-4] was grafted with elastomers to give PVC-based products with improved shock resistance,. High yields of graft polymers of polyethylene (9002-88-4), polypropylene [9003-07-0], ethylene-propylene polymer (9010-79-11, and ethylene-propylene-nonconjugaled drene copolymer were prepd. independently of the mol. wt. of the elastomer used. The degree of grafting was independent of elastomer mol. wt. 140968m Crosslinking polyolefins. Kagiya, Tsutomu; Mitsui, Akira; Tsuneda, Kazuyoshi; Yamamichi, Katsuyoshi (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute) Japan. 72 08,368 (Cl. C 08/*), 10 Mar 1972, Appl. 68 91,186, 12 Dec 1968; 4 pp. Polyolefins were crosslinked by mixing them with 1-10 wt. % ethylene-vinylidene chloride copolymer (I) [26655-22-1] followed by heating the mixt. to 170-300. The 1 was prepd. by radiation polvmn. of high d. polyethylene (or polypropylene) with 55 mole % vinylidene chloride. I 140969n Heat-resistant fire-resistant resin compositions I based on polytvinyl chloride) and chlorinated polyolefins. U Suzuki. Kumio (Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.) Japan. 72 < 07,628 (Cl. C OS/*), 03 Mar 1972, Appl. 67 10,050, 15 Feb 19677 4 pp. Heat-resistant, fire-resistant resin compns, were prepd. by chem. or phys. crosslinking of PVC 19002-86-2] (95-50%>) and a chlorinated polyolefin (5-50%) in the presence of a chloroparaffin as plasticizer. For chem. crosslinking tribasic lead sulfate and dicumyl peroxide were used as catalysts. Phys. crosslinking was accomplished by 8- or y-irradn, with 0.1-100 Mrad dosage. The resin obtained showed excellent aging resistance as well as heatand fire resistance. The chlorinated resins used were polyethylene or polypropylene with 45 a; 20% chlorination. 140970f Prevention of discoloration of methyl methacrylate polymers. N'akazuka, Kazuo; Takamura, Masayoshi (Mitsu= bishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) Japan. 72 07,629 (Cl. C 08/), 03 Mar 1972, Appl. 63 56,074, 23 Jan 1963; 2 pp. A heat-stable and P/CONH- OH discoloration-resistant polylMe methacrylate (I) [9011-14-7] resin coropn. was prepd. by mixing the compn. with an equimolar mixt. of p-lbutyryiamino)phenol (111 [101-91-7] and dilauryl thiodipropionate (111) |123-2S-4). Soln.-polymd. I with d.p. 1390 was mixed with 1% II and III. The compn. contg. the mixt, lost 12.6% of its wt. without discoloration at 250 in 45 min, compared with 30.7% for a compn. contg. no stabilizer. The mixt. was similarly used for emulsion-polymd. I or 99:1 Me methacrylate-methyl acrylate copolymer (9011-87-4]. 140971g Impact-resistant resin composition from olefinic graft polymers and a vinyl resin. Shiratsuchi, Eiichiro; Terajima, Satoshi (Japan Synthetic Rubber Co,, Ltd.) Japan. 72 08,144 (Cl. C 08/, B Olj), 08 Mar 1972, Appl. 68 62.184, 30 Aug 1968; 8 pp. The title resin compn. was obtained by blending a vinyl resin (exclusive of vinyl chloride) with a graft copolymer obtained by polymg. an olefin rubber with 0.5-15-fold (by wt.) olefinic monomer(s) in the ptesence of a radical initiator and Or or O,. Thus, 15-70 parts ethvlene-propylene-dicyclop= entadiene rubber (Royalene 301) and 2 parts dicumyl peroxide were blended for 5 min at 60% then heated to 150' for 10 min in air and granules 1.5 X 1.5 X 1.5 mm in size were prepd. These granules then reacted with 30-85 parts 76:24 styrene-acrylonitrile mixt. with stirring at 70 for 15 hr. The acrylonitrile-dicyclopentadiene-ethylene-propylene-styrene graft copolymer [30396-= 50-0] obtained was then blended with acrylonitrile-styrene copoiymer (9003-54-7) resin at 160c for 10 min. V- 140972h Vinyl chloride resin composition with good retention of impact strength at elevated temperatures. Kawahara, Tetsuyo; Anno, Hirotomo (Japanese Geon Co., Ltd.) Japan. 72 08,146 (Cl. C 08/d), 08 Mar 1972, Appl. 68 11,991, 27 Feb 1968; 9 pp. The title resin compn. was obtained by blending potylvinyl chloride) (I) [9002-86-2] with a graft copolymer of a butadiene-type rubber latex. Thus, 10 parts lo0:0.5:30:0.5:30 butadiene-nieihvl acr\late-mcth\l melhacnl= ^Le-.V-nieihyhlacryianudc-styrcne graft copoly nitr (30/04-33-3) added to 100 parts 1 and blended at 170' for 7 min, then jessed for 15 min at 175` into test specimens. The Charpy impact strength of 31.5 kg-rm/cm-' was >3-loid higher than that of a resin obtained from a 100:30.30 butadiene-methyl methac= rylate-styrene copolymer. 140973) Olefin-vinyl chloride copolymer composition containing nitrile rubber and polytmethyl methacrylate). Muraoka, Kensuke; Horie, Katsuyuki (Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) Japan. 72 OS,147 (Cl, C 08/), 08 Mar 1972, Appl. 68 16,890, 16 Mar 1968; 4 pp. The resin compns. obtaned by mixing ethylene- or propylene-vinyl chloride copolymer (I) [25119-90-8] (contg. 90% CHS:CHC1) 70, nitrile rubber 5-20, and polylmethyl methacrylate) (II) (9011-14-7] 5-30% exhibited excellent processibility, transparency, mech. strength, and thermal stability. Thus, 7.4:92,6 I 90, II 5, and acrylonitrile-= butadiene copolymer 5 parts were mixed at 160. The sheet prepd. by heat-pressing of the mixt. at 160 had a tensile strength of 550 kg/cm1. 140974k Adducts of lactams and alcohols or mercaptans useful as polymerization solvents. Wagner, Kuno (Farbenfa= briken Bayer A.-G.) Ger. Offen. 2,062,288 (Cl. C Old), 13 Jul 1972, Appl. P 20 62 288.2, 17 Dec 1970; 63 pp. Very low --------c=o a--h (CHj),, viscosity adducts of lactams (I), where R -- H and m = 0-9 when X *= CH; and R = aliphatic, arylaliphatic, or pyridine group and m -- 3 when X = N, and excesses of ales, or mercaptans were prepd. for use as polymn. solvents. For example, 1131 parts /-caprolactam was heated at 50 with 321 pans MeOH to give a 1:1 i-caprolactam-methanol adduct III) 13G711-68-9] having viscosity 5.9 cP at 28' which dissolved substances which were difficultly sol. in either H20 or org. solvents. II (303 parts) completely dissolved 60 parts PVC, 40 parts poly(vinyl acetate) or 60 parts poly(methy) methacrylate). The polymers pptd. from the solns. when water was added. II reacted with hexamethylene diisocyanate to give /-caprolactam and Me02CNH(CH;)sNHC02Me. 140975m Poly(vinyl chloride) plastisols. Berger, Otto; Priese, Hartmut; Koschek, Robert; Born. Erwin Ger. (East) 88,658 (Cl. C 08/), 12 Mar 1972, Appl. WP C OSf/152,240, 24 Dec 1970; 9 pp. Low viscosity PVC [9002-86-2] plastisols with high stability and solids content were prepd. by mixing the suspension-prepd. PVC powder and the PVC extender resin powder at 1000-1500 rpm and/or at 40-90'. Thus, suspensions prepd. PVC powder was mixed at 1000 rpm and 52 with dioctvl phthalate (1) and Na fatty ale. sulfonate, then at 22 and 60 rpm with addnl. I, octyl stearate, epoxidized Bu oleate, and a stabilizer, and then at 31 and 1000 rpm with PVC extender resin powder to give a sediment-free, storage stable paste containing a 62:38 PVC-plasticizer ratio. 14097Gn Polyamide compositions. Mori. Kenjiro; Ikebe, Shigeaki; Kunihiro, Haruo; Kawano, Nobuharu (Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) Japan. 72 09,749 (Cl, C 08gkj. Q 01/. C 07c), 23 Mar 1972, Appl. 68 81,167, 05 Nov 1968; 7 pp. RR'N OLI 7371 The heat resistance of polyamides was improved upon addn. of 1% l,3-bis(aminophenyl)thioureas (I, R = H or Me; R1 = Me, sec-Bu, Ph, or 4-elhoxyphenyl), which were prepd. from CSCL and the cone'ionding p-phenylenediamines. For example, nylon 6 125038-54-1] contg. l,3-bis[`l-(d!methylamino)phenyl] thiourea (1, R = R1 -- Me) (13991-81-6] was more heat resistant than one contg. 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, and a compn. contg. both the thiourea and copper acetate was even more heat resistant. 140977p Polyolefin compositions. Saruwata, Kenichi; Gano Tsuneo; Suenobu, Yukikazu; Itahana, Yoshio (Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.) Japan. 72 09,739 (Cl. C OS/*), 23 Mar 1972, Appl. 68 69,361, 25 Sep 1968; 3 pp. Mixts. of thiodipropionates of myristyl ale. and stearyl ale. gave good thermal stability and weatherability to polyolefins. Thus, 178.2 g thiodipropionic acid, 216 g myristyl ale., 272 g stearyl ale., 1 1. PhMe and 3 g p-MeC6H<SO)H were heated at 90-120' with continuous removal of the water formed in the reaction. A light yellow oil (f.p. 50.6`) was obtained contg, myristyl thiodipropionate [16545-54-3] and stearyl thiodipropionate [693-36-7]. The mixed thiodipropionate (0.2 part) was added to 100 parts polypropylene [9003-07-0] to give a film with thermal stability comparable to that stabilized with the distearyl ester and with weatherability comparable to that stabilized with the dilauryl ester, 14U978q Stabilization of polycarbonate resins. Ichikawa, Toshiyuki; Takase, Tsutomu; Ema, Kenji (Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals Co., Ltd.) Japan. 72 09,746 (Cl. C OSife). 03 Mar 1972, Appl. 68 65,472, 11 Sep 1963; 3 pp. The heat stability of bisphenol A polycarbonate (25037-45-0) was improved by addn. of phosphite esters (to a level of 200-300 ppm P). Examples of esters used were triphen\l phosphite [101-02-0) and trilauryl phosphite [3076-63-9], I40979r Stabilized polystyrene compositions. Tahara, Minoru; Harata, Yoshiiaka (Japan Polystyrene Industry Co., V ' 11 ' > t > l U I VUl. *4, 19/^ >0 stahilizers, accelerators, vulcanization agents, blowing agents, plasticization accelerators, hardeners, and other chems. used in production of plastics was reviewed with 0 refs. 49226g Carboranc polymers. Williams, Robert E. (Chem. Syst. Inc., Santa Ana. Calif.). Pure Appl. Chem. 1972. 29(4), 569-83 (Eng). A review with 19 refs. 49227h Synthesis and properties of phosphorus-containing sorbents. Leikin. Yu. A.; Rataichak. V, (USSR). Itogi Nauki, Khim. Tekhnnl. Vysnknmol. Socdin. 1971, 3, 86-137 (Russ). Review of the synthesis and phvs. and chem. properties of P-contg. sorbents, with 238 refs. 49228j Titanium oxide. Its solid acidity and catalytic efTcct on the thcrmnldegradation of polytvinyl chloride). Okazaki, Susumu (Ibaraki Univ., Mito, Japan). En Bi To Porima 1972, 12(5), 17-24 (Japan). A review with 27 refs, on the effects of titonium dioxide [13463-67-7] onPVC ]9Q02-86-2] stability, 49229k Improvement of thermal stability in polytvinyl chloride). Thermal stability and manufacture of heat stable PVC-o30. Suzuki, Tsunao; Yasuta, Mitsuo; Masuta, Toshio (Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). En Bi To Porima 1972, 12(5), 25-32 (Japan). A discussion on the comparison of the heat stability of com. polytvinyl chloride) [9002-86-2] n-30 with that of conventional polytvinyl chloride), and on its manuf. 49230d Light-resistance test of plastics. Shirota, Tadashi (Scni Kobunshi Zairyo Kenkysho, Japan). Purasuchikkusu 1972, 23(5), 40-53 (Japan), A discussion on the tests of weathering resistance of plastics. 49231e o-Effect in the amine reactivity of a new class of fluoro-epoxies. Heines, S. A.; Griffith, J. R.; O'Rear, J. G. (Nav. Res. Lab., Washington, D. C.). Amer. Chem, Soc., Dio. Org. Coatings Plast. Chem., Pap. 1970, 30(2), 263-8 (Eng). o jfVc^oCH,--A A CHiocieFj)y'=/ 49235j Model tests for wear in plastic processing machines. Knappe, \V.; Mahler. W. D, (Dtsch. Kunstst.-lnst., Darmstadt, Ger.). Kunstst.-Rundseh. 1972, 19(2-3), 45-51 (Ger). The wear resistance is detd. for nitrided steels and special alloys in sliding contact with nylon 66 |32131-17-2J. a polycarbonate, or an acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer (9003-54-7J contg. glass fibers or a phenolic contg. wood flour. Nitrided steels have the best wear resistance, and glass liber-reinforced nylon 66 caused the greatest wear. 49236k Liquid-vapor equilibrium of dimethylaminoelhyl methacrylate synthesis products. Pavlov. S. Yu,; Kirnos, A. B.; Pavlova, S. P.; Lazaryants. V. . (Nauchno-Jssled. Inst, Monomerox Sint. Kauch., Yaroslavl, USSR). Zh. Prihl. Khim. ILeningrad) 1972, 45(3), 618-22 (Russ), Liq.-vapor equil. were investigated of binary systems consisting of starting materials and products of the synthesis of (dimethvlamino)cthyl mehtac= rylate (I) (2867-47-2) via transestersfication of Me methacrylate (II) |80-62-6) with Idimethylaminolethanol (III) [108-01-0] catalyzed by (BuOLTi. The systems included: Il-III, 11-1, methanol [67-56-1J-111, Ill-I, Bu methacrylate (97-88-11--I, and butanol (71-36-3]-HI. The pressure dependence of the b.p. of these compds. in pure state was also detd. Deviations from Raoult's law were obsd. and evidence for components assocn. was noted. 49237m Synthesis and study of epoxy furan resins. Itinskii. V, I,; Lamm, V. N.; Maksimova, T. Ye.; Govor, V. P.; Gurtovnik, I. G. (USSR). Plast. Massy 1972, (31,20-1 (Russ). Epoxy-furan resins FAB-l [34962-78-2], FAB-1.5 [35226-60-9], and FAB-2 [35226-60-9] (the numeral indicates the no. of moles of ED-5 resin used) were prepd. by polycondensation of furfural, Me..CO, and ED-5 resin in the presence of NaOH. The resins were cured with 12-24% triethanolamine titanate at 120-80' to rive corrosion resistant binders for glass laminates. Glass laminates based on FAB-l ,5 excelled in mech. properties. 49238n Preparation of epoxy resins based on new polyphenols. Moshchinskaya, N. K.: Dzhoi, A. S. (Dnepropetr. Khim.-Tekhnol. Inst., Dneporpetrovsk, USSR). Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad) 1972, 45(3), 609-14 (Russ). Polyphenols I, Diglycidvl ethers (I), useful for the prepn. of fluorinated epoxy resins, and their mnnfunctional model compds. Ill, x, y, z = H. F, or CFi) were prepd. by treating arylbis(trifluoromethyl)carb= inols with excess epithlorohydrin. Rate constants for the reaction of II with Bu.N'H in (erf-amyl ale. were detd. The reaction followed 2nd order kinetics and proceeded via attack by the amine at the terminal epoxy carbon. II contg. F in the ortho position were activated; II contg. F or CFn in the meta or para positions were deactivated. F atoms in both ortho positions caused a rate increase 8 times that by an F atom in only 1 of the ortho positions. The deactivating effect of 2 meta substituents was approx, twice that of a single meta substituent. , 49232f Electron* and ion-exchange resins based on benzoquinonc poljiners. Paushkin, Ya. M.; Logashin, S. V. (Mosk. Inst. Nefttrhim. Gazov. Prom. im. Gubkina, Moscow, USSR). Vysokumo>. Soedin., Ser. B 1972, 14(4), 300-1 (Russ). OH u OH -J/i i The polvmn. of benzoquinone in the presence of >5% HjSCL in CrHni or at >90 for 1-4 hr gave benzoquinone polymers (I) of mol. wt. 500-1200, sol. in DMF, Me_-CO, and alkalis. Upon sulfonation with 100% H SO,, the polymers were converted to heat resistant, redox ion exchange resins. 49233g Apparatus for polymerizing quick-hardening plastics under hydraulic pressure. Leurumich, D. Yu. (Lvov, USSR). Probl. Ortop Stomatol. 197$. No. 4, 83-4 (Russ). A hydraulic polvmn. reactor was developed for polvmg. fast-hardening plastics (e.g,, Butacryl [90(6-80-4]) used for manufg. dental prosthetics. The reactor operated under hydraulic pressure ( d C atm) and gave good results. 49234h Synthetic leather. New material for the shoe industry. Lasek, Wiktor (Branzowe Lab., Przem. Obuwniczego, Cracow, Pol.). Polimery 1971, 16(12), 572-6 (Pol). A discussion with 10 refs. The properties of natural leather are compared with the properties of com. leather substitutes. its m-xylene analog, II, and HI were prepared and reacted with epichlorohydrin to give the corresponding epoxy resins; epichloro hydrin-a,a,a',a'-tetrakis(p-h\drozyphenyl)-p-x\/cne copolymer (35397-31-0], epichlorohydrln-a.n.a' ,a'-tctrakis< p-h\droxyphcs nyl)-m-xylene copolymer [35397-32-1], epichlorohydrin-n.a.a .= a' ,a" ,a"~hexakistp-hydroxyphenyl)di-p-lolymcthane copolymer [35397-33-2], and epichlorohydrin-a.a,a'.n`-tetrakistp-h\droxyphenyl)di-p-toyly ketone copolymer [35397-3-1-:*]. The resins were hardened with maleic anhydride [10S-3I-6] yielding products of improved Martens lieat stability (108-85 ) and Brinell hardness (30-42 kg/mm-). The polyphenols were prepd. by reacting the corresponding chloro-compds. with phenol to give quinomethan derivs. and the following redn. Thus, e.g,, K,a,a\o''-hexachloro-p-xylene gave 1.4-bis|li-(p-hydroxyphenyl) = quinomethyl[benzene which was reduced to I. 4!)239p Reaction of urea with formaldehyde in a neutral medium. Vabaoja, J.; Kiisler, K. (USSR). Sin. F.vki.'.i-F>= maldegidnykh Klccvykh Smol Starcnie Klc'iogo Socdin.. Respub. Nauch. Konf. 1971, 56-60 (Russ). Tallin. Politekh, Inst.: Tallin, USSR. The nonratalytic condensation ol urea 157-13-6] with formaldehyde [50-00-0] in H.>0 at 30' was a 2-stage reaction, which at low initial urea-H_.0 ratios im,,). gave primarily dimethylolurca (1) [140-95-4], vvheres at m,, monom = ethylolurca [1000-82-4] were formed. The reaction was 1st order with respect to CH:0. S544Ru Ion exchangers with amino acid groups. Makarova, 4,4"-diphenylmethane diisocyanate [101-68-8]--based ones had S. B.; Bezuevskaya. S. I.; Egorov, E. V. (USSR). Metody good compression set but low tear and elongation. Dabco WT in poluch. Khitn. Reaktiv. Prep. 1970, No. 22, 108*11 (Russ). low conen. was a good catalyst. A 99:1 blend of DC 200-5 and Ref. Zh., Khim. 1971, Abstr. No. 11S796. Ion exchangers DC 200-100 D1METHYLSLOXANES was used to prep, foama; prepd. by treating chloromethylated p-divinylbenzene-styr= the concn. was crit. opolymers (contg. 2% divinylbenzene) with Et aminoacetate 35456v Cold-cured epoxy foam. Turetskii, L. V.; Sokolov, V, r3-4), Et d-ammopropionate 1924-73-2], or Et aminoenanth-- A.; Valgin, V. D.; Sergeeva, V. A. (USSR). Plast. Massy ate 1106-30-9]. The ion EXCHANGE CAPACITY of the este1r9s72, (4), 23-4 (Russ). Closed-cell foams of 20-100 kg^m3 d. was 2.4-3.4 mg/equiv./g in 0.1 NNaOH and 2.6-3.S mg/equivw./gere obtained by curing epoxy resins (ED-5, ED-G, ED-40) inO.INHCl. during foaming with BFj-AMINE complexes (Sokolov, V.A. et 35449v Polypropylene development, efTect of chemical al., 1969). The resin contg. FRE0N(F-11, F-113) is combined additives. Kinne, H. E. (J. R. Geigy A.-G., Basel, Switz.). with the hardener dissolved in an org. solvent. The concn. of the Plast. Plant. Addit., Proc. lnt. Conf. Eur. Chem. Mkt. Res. Ass., hardening soln. dels, the rate of the exothermic hardening 3rd 1970, 91-100 (Eng). Edited by Perkins, N. A. BP Chem. process and the rate of foaming. The d. of the foam can be (UK) Ltd.: London, Engl. The effects of ANTIOXIDANTS, 'changed by altering the hardening soln. concn. SYNERGISTS, UY STABILIZERS and QUENCHERS on chem. 35457w Treatment of poly(vinyl alcohol) with lignin. Gul, and phys. properties of polypropylene (I) [9003-07-0] are V. E.; Bulatnikova, L. L; Belyatskaya, O. N. (USSR). Plast. discussed and illustrated. Thus, Luparen 151 I contg. butylated Massy 1972, (4), 43-5 (Russ). Polylvinyl ale.) (1) 19002-89-5] hydroxytoiuene, octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl= was modified with 2% carboxylated lignin (contg. 18% CO;H )propionate [2082-79-3] or pentaerythrityl tetraki$[3-(3,5-di-tert-^ groups) to give CROSSLINKED FILMS which excelled in butyl--i~hydroxyphenyl)propianate] [6683-19-8] antioxidant and TENSILE STRENGTH and WATER RESISTANCE. A dilauryl thiodipropionate [123-28-4] synergist, and Moplen fiber crosslinking mechanism was proposed. grade I contg. antioxidant and 2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyph= 35458x Preparation of syntactic carbon foam. Benton, S. T.; enyl)-5-chlorobenzotriaznle [38G4-99-1] uv absorber or nickel Schmitt, C. R. (Nuc). Div., Union Carbide Corp., Oak Ridge, bislethyl3,5-di-tcrt-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate) [30947= Tenn.), Carbon 1972, 10(2), 185-90 (Eng). A syntactic carbon -30-9] quencher were effectively stabilized. form with the highest COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH at the 35450p Crack growth resistance in laminated, glass-epoxy^ lowest bulk d. was made by pressure MOLDING hollow sheet. Kendall, D. P. (VVatervliet Arsenal, N. Y.), U. S. Nat. BJO-840, -930, and -931 phenolic resin microspheres with a Tech. Inform. Sere., AD Rep. 1971, No. 736351, 26 pp. (Eng). pitch-furfuryl ale. [98-00-0] binder mixt. and maleic anhydride Avail. NTIS. From Govt. Rep, Announce. (U.S.) 1972, 72(6), 81. [108-31-6] catalyst, A compressive strength of >500 psi at d. Center-notched glass-epoxy composite panels having FILAMENT 0.18 was attained after curing at 150* and carbonizing at 900 in ORIENTATIONS of 0 and 60 were loaded in tension normal Ar. Higher strength/wt. ratios could be obtained using to the notch direction; extensive stable crack growth was microspheres of controlled wall thickness and discrete uniform obtained prior to fracture. The instantaneous stress intensity particle size fractions. factor was ealed. using theory developed for ISOTROPIC 35459y Thermal expansion of ribbon-reinforced composites. MATERIALS, and was plotted against crack extension to obtain Gulati, S. T.; Plummer, W. A. (Res. Dev. Lab., Corning Glass crack growth resistance or 'R' curves. Works, Corning, N. Y.). AIP (Amer. Inst. Phys.) Conf. Proc. 35451q Fnctors controlling the strength of composite 1972, No. 3, 257-68 (Eng). The thermal expansion coeffs, for structures. Mostovoy, Sheldon; Ripling, E. J. (Mater. Res. THERMOSET and THERMOPLASTIC composites reinforced Lab., Inc., Glenwood, 111.). U. S. Nat. Tech. Inform. Serv., AD with RIBBON GLASS are isotropic in the plane of the glass and Rep. 1970, No. 874429, 85 pp. (Eng). Avail. NTIS. From are smaller (e.g., 37%) than the coeffs. for quasi-isotropic glass Govt. Rep. Announce. (U.S.) 1972, 72(6), 111. The fracture fiber composites. hness and stress corrosion cracking characteristics of 35460s Thermal expansion of carbon-carbon composites as a 1ES1VE JOINTS consisting of EPOXY RESIN DER 332 85-99-8] hardened with either triethylene phosphoromide 1545-55-1J or HHPA [85-42-7] were investigated. 35452r Urethane foams for navy pontoon structures. Drisko, R. W. (Nav. Civ. Eng. Lab., Port Hueneme, Calif.). U. S. function of temperature and orientation. Naum, R. G.; Jun, C. K.; Shaffer, P. T. B. (Carborundum Co., Niagara Fails, N. Y.). AIP (Amer. Inst. Phys.) Conf. Proc. 1972, No. 3, 279-86 (Eng). The thermal expansion (400-1400) in the plane of the REINFORCING FIBERS is practically the same for composites Nat. Tech. Inform. Sere., AD Rep. 1971, No. 736596, 22 pp. comprising carbon fibers in a carbon matrix and GRAPHITE (Eng). Avail. NTIS. From Govt. Rep. Announce. (U.S.) 1972, fibers in a carbon or graphite matrix. The expansion 72(6), 116. Urethane foams for use in navy pontoons and other perpendicular to the plane of reinforcement is greater in all cases, FLOATING STRUCTURES could be prepd. sucessfully in field with the expansion being --50% greater for the graphite activities by personnel having little or no experience with foams fiber-graphite matrix composite than for the other 2 composites. when care was taken to thoroughly mix the components, obtain 354G11 Effect of a particulate rigid phase on the properties the proper ratio of components, avoid contamination of the mixt. of glassy thermoplastic polymers. Nicolais, L.; Lavengood, R. and forms (esp. with water), and avoid excessive heat in large E.; Narkis, M. (Mater. Res. Lab., Washington Univ,, St, pours. Louis, Mo.). Quad. Ing. Chim. Ital. 1972, 8(4), 51-9 (Ital). 35453s Study of the effect of stabilizer on the degradation of The ELASTIC MODULUS of thermoplastic materials reinforced poly(yinyl chloride) by pyrolysis-gas chromatography. with discrete particulate GLASS and carbon [7440-44-0] Suzuki, Mikio; Tsuge, Shin; Takeuchi, Tsugio (Fac. Eng., increased linearly with the filler content and the YIELD POINT Y Nagoya Univ., Nagoya, Japan). J. Polym. Sci., Part A-l 1972, was a function of deformation rate, A single master curve ,/is 10(4), 1051-60 (Eng). PVC (9002-86-2] stabilized with constructed to represent yield stress as a function of deformalon dibutyltin dilaurate 177-58-7], dibutyltin bis{dodecyl mercaptide) rate, temp., and particle content. Max. ELONGATION end [1185-81-5], barium stearate [6865-35-6], and zinc stearate (J) TENSILE STRENGTH were reduced in comparison with the [557-05-1] was degraded in N at 350-570 to form benzene; the plastic alone when porosity and poor adhesion at the rigid stabilizers exhibited similar pyrogram patterns. The benzene phase-plastic interface lead to the formation of microfractures yield from I-stabilized PVC was much less than that using the under stress. MOISTURE CONTENT had little effect on the other stabilizers, due to a large amt. of CROSSLINKING. deformation curves or the Youngs modulus, max. tensile strength, 35454t Catalysis of novolacs by p-phenolsulfonic acid. and elongation values. Glass reinforced acrylonitrile-styrene Wagner, E. R.; Greff, R. J, (Union Carbide Corp., Bound copolymer (I) [9003-54-7], polystyrene [9003-53-6], polvoxyph= Brook, N. J.). J. Polym. Sci., Part A-l 1972, 10(4), 1195-205 enylene and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer [9003-56-= (Eng). The reaction rate of phenol [108-95-2] and aq. 9] and carbon reinforced I were tested. formaldehyde JSO-00-0] in the presence of p-phenolsulfonic acid 35462u Chemical mechanism of the heat stabilization of 498-67-9] was studied. The increase in pH during reaction, which poly(vinylchloride) by metal carboxylates. Fuchsman, Charles decreased the reaction rate, was correlated with the disappear H. (Cleveland, Ohio). Kunststoffe 1972, 62(3), 189-91 (Ger). ance of formaldehyde. The consumption of phenol and growth of The reaction of zinc [7440-66-6) (or cadmium [7440-43-91) polymer was detd. by gel-permeation chromaiog. The formation carboxylates with HC1 formed in thermal degradation of PVC of a 2nd liq. phase during the novulac process was independent of [9002-86-2] forms COORD1NAT1VELY UNSATD. RCO.ZnCl, the amt. of catalyst. The liq. 2-phase system and its relation to which stabilizes by coordination with a reactive allylic Cl in the the reaction rate were examd. The final mol. wt. distribution of polymer chain, Carboxyl-Cl interchange in the complex then ^Maolacs was dependent not only on the initial pH ol the system yields zinc chloride [764G-S5-7) and a thermally stable ALLYL ^^Balso on the pH at the onset of devolatilization. ESTER, which interrupts conjugation in the polymer. A similar ^^^54ri3u Polyols and requirements for ambient cure foams. Powell, D. G.; Puig, J. E.; Van Leuwen, B. G. (Ohn Corp., New Haven, Conn.), J. Cell. Plast. 1972, 8(2), 90-9 (Eng). The components of ambient curing foams were evaluated; the reaction between complex and a 2nd unsatd. polymer chain may lead to CROSSLINKING. Barium (7440-39-31 carboxylates are less able to coordinate, but function by neutralization of ZnCL, which is an active DEHYDROCHLORINATION CATALYST. best processing-properties combination was obtained from higher mol. wt. polyols with very high reactivity using a min. amt, of ethylene oxide 175-21-8]. Toluene diisocyanate ]26471-62-5]-bas= d foams had good strength but high compression set while 354G3v Heterogeneous polymeric systems. II. Polyblends containing saturated rubbers. Baer, Massimo (Hydrocarbons Polym. Div., Monsanto Co., Springfield, Mass.). J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1972, 16(5), H25-38 (Eng). The rubber-phase n rcor-~ O Page 35 36--Plastics Manuf. Vol. 77,1972 20474 Petrochemia 1971, 11(4), 120-2 (S)o). The properties and uses 357-62 (Fr). A REVIEW with no refs, of properties and of Czechoslovakian Delotherm (11137-47-6) heat-transfer liq,, applications of glass reinforced plastics. JJelor (11137-46-5) chlorinated biphenyl plasticizers, and Hydelor 20458y Glass used with PTFE [poly(tetrafluoroethylene)). 37-50-1) synthetic lubricant are REVIEWED. V. Horak Mouly, M. (Fr.). Chim. Ind., Genie Chim. 1972, 105(6), 371-2 ^^pZ0441n Preparation and properties of chemosclting (Fr). A REVIEW with no refs, of the properties and applications ^Hydrocarbon resins. Zuchowska, Danuta (Inst. Technol, Org. of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (1) [3002-84-0] and glass fiber Tworzyw Sztucznvch, Politech. VVroclawska, Wroclaw, Pol.). reinforced I as SEALS and connection parts. Pr. Sauk, Inst. Technol. Org. Tuorzyw Sztucznvch Politech. 20459z Chemistry of polyester resins. Parkyn. Brian (Scott Wroclaw. 1972, No. 8, 3-19 (Pol). A REVIEW of Bader Co., Ltd., Wollaston/WeUingborough/Northamptonshire, Na-catalyzed copolymn. yielding low-mol. wt,, liq. butadiene-sty Engl.). Composites 1972, 3(1), 29-33 (Eng). The history and rene copolymer (9003-55-8) crosslinkable with vinylic monomers. chemistry of com. available polyester resins and their curing 57 refs. mechanisms are REVIEWED with 30 refs. 20442p Use of urea for synthesizing plastics. Wirpsza, 20460t Polymer purification made easier in HDPE Zygmunt (Zakl. Poliestrow Epoksydow, Inst. Chem. Przem., [high-density polyethylene] route. Heath, Andrew (McGraw-H= Warsaw, Pol.). Pr. Nauk. Inst. Technol. Org. Tworzyw ill World News, Milan, Italy). Chem. Eng. (JV. Y.) 1972, Sztucznych Politech. Wroclaw. 1972, No, 6, 46 pp. (Pol). 79(7), 66-7 (Eng). The manuf. of high-d. polyethylene A REVIEW with 91 refs, contg. a summary of research by W. et [9002-88-4] using an Al alkyl-Ti compd. supported HETEROG= al. since 1956. ENEOUS CATALYST which obviates the need for the polymer 20443q Legal specification for plastics for electrical purification step was DISCUSSED. appliances and materials. Iinuma, Masataka (Tsusansho, 20461u Polymer-plant engineering. Materials handling and Tokyo, Japan). En Ri To Porima 1972, 12(3), 18-25 (Japan). compounding of plastics. Strassburger, Fred (Crawford and A REVIEW without refs, on the fire and heat resistances of Russell Inc., Stamford, Conn.). Chem. Eng. (N. Y.) 1972, plastics used in elec, appliances. 79(7), 81-8 (Eng). The use of pneumatic conveyors, dust 20444r Evaluation of polymeric materials for thermal aging collectors, extruders, mixers, kneaders, pellitizers, blenders, etc. properties and flammability at Underwriters' Laboratories, in the material handling and compounding of polymer powders, Inc. Ono, Motonobu (Japan Mach. Met. Inspect. Instr, beads, flakes, etc. is REVIEWED with 4 refs. Japan). En Bi To Porima 1972, 12(3), 26-32 (Japan). 20462v Reinforced plastics. Composition, processing and A REVIEW without lefs. characteristics. Moerman, G. (Neth.). Ingenieurs 1971, (12), 20445s Plastic materials manufacturers and their products 17-20, 22-4, 26-30; 1972, (1), 18-20, 22-3, 25-8, 30-1 (Neth). in Japan recognized by Underwriters' Laboratories. Ono, A DISCUSSION, with 12 refs., of the composition, processing, Motonobu (Japan Mach. Met, Inspect. Inst., Japan). En Bi To and properties of reinforced plastics. Porima 1972, 12(31,33-6 (Japan). A RE1VEW without refs, on 20463w Improvement of PVC thermal stability. Basic /C-- the fire and heat resistances of com. plastics. principle and stability of improved PVC. Suzuki, Tsunao; ^--, 2044Gt Thermal requirements for domestic appliances in Yasuo, Mitsuo; Masuda, Toshio (Cent. Res. Lab., Nippon Zeon European countries. Tomizawa, Kazuvuki (Japan Electr. Test. Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Jap. Plast, 1972, 6(1), 11-16 (Eng). Lab., Japan). En Bi To Porima 1972, 12(3), 37-9 (Japan). The improvement of the thermal stability of poly(uinyl chloride) A REIVEW without refs, on the fire and heat resistances of [9002-86-2] by modifying polymn. conditions was REVIEWED plastics used in elec, appliances. with 13 refs. 20447u Adhesion of polymers and adsorption on glass-like 204G4x Properties and areas of use of filled thermoplastic surfaces. II. Clark-Monks, Colin; Ellis. Bryan (Dep. Glass materials. Karpov, V. N. (USSR). Sb. Tr., Vses. Nauch.-Issl= Technol., Sheffield Univ., Sheffield, Engl.). Trans, Indian ed. Inst. Nov. Strait. Mater. 1971, No, 29, 53-7 (Russ). ^toam.Soc. 1970, 29<6), 35N-43N' (Eng). A REVIEW with 107 A REVIEW with 9 refs. Polymers, esp. polyesters and epoxy resins, and their glass 20465y Basic physical factors in adhesion. Koehler, R. ^BER COMPOSITES are discussed. (Duesseldorf, Ger.). Adhaesion 1972, No. 2, 41-7; (3), 66-70, 20448v Fire resistance treatment of plastics. Hatano, Akira; 73 (Ger). A REVIEW, with 46 refs., of adhesion theories. Yamaguchi, Masao (Daihachi Kagaku Kogvosho. Ltd., Osaka, 20466z Semihard and hard polyurethane foams. Iwata, Japan). Kobunshi Kako 1971, 20(12), 720-30 (Japan). Yoshiharu (Nippon Polyurethane Kogyo Co., Ltd.. Japan). A REVIEW with 30 refs. Purasuchikkusu 1972, 23(4), 9-16 (Japan). A REVIEW with 4 20449w Modification and uses of poly(vinyl acetate) resins. refs. Mori, Tutomu; Ando, Takuo (Appl. Lab., Nippon Synth. 20467a Strong polyurethane. Nakata, Shoji (Sumitomo Chem. Ind.,-Co., Ltd., Osaka. Japan). Kobunshi Kako 1971, Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd., Japan). Purasuchikkusu 1972, 20(12), 731-4 (Japan). A REVIEW with 4 refs. 23(4), 17-24 (Japan). A REVIEW with 13 refs, on the properties 20450q New aromatic additives. Enomoto, Satoshi (Kureha of polyurethane foam molding products. Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Kobunshi Kako 20468b Polymerization of urethane by the prepolymer and 1971, 20(12), 735-41 (Japan). A REVIEW with 3 refs, on one-shot methods. Yoshita, Shigeru (Nippon Ink Kagaku aromatic additives for epoxy resins and polyurethane elastomers. Kogyo Co., Ltd., Japan). Purasuchikkusu 1972, 23(4), 25-30 20451r Homogeneous epoxy resin mixtures. Tanaka, (Japan). A REVIEW with 10 refs. Yoshinobu (Alpha Tech. Res. Inst., Ltd., Japan). Kobunshi 20409c Hard polyurethane. Karashi, Akizo; Nakahara, Kako 1971, 20(12), 749-51 (Japan). A REVIEW with 9 refs, on Tokonobu (Taketa Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd., Japan). curing agents for epoxy resins. Purasuchikkusu 1972, 23(4), 31-5 (Japan). A REVIEW with 21 20452s Additives [for plastics). Law, Charles (Corpus Res., refs, on the nrepn. of polyurethane foams, fire retardants for Toronto, Ont.). Con. Plast. 1971, 28(8), 20-4, 28 (Eng). polyurethane loams, and vinyl-crosslinked polyurethane foam. A REVIEW with no refs. Plasticizers, heat stabilizers, colorants, 20470w Footwear elastomers and heat insulation polymers. org. brighteners, fire retardants, antioxidants, and uv stabilizers Wakabayashi, Akira; Hamaguchi, Kentaro (Tovo Gum Kogyo are discussed. Co., Ltd., Japan). Purasuchikkusu 1972, 23(4),'36-41 (Japan). 20453t Cellulose acetate and plyester film bridge the A REVIEW with 6 refs, on polyurethane foam footwear, generation gap. Mackenzie, K. J. (Celanese Plast. Co,, Greer, polyurethane foam heat insulation materials, and phys. S. C.), Adhes. Age 1972, 15(4), 22-6 (Eng). The prepn. and properties of the foam. use of cellulose acetate [9004-35-7] and polyethylene terephthala= 2047Ix Processing of poly(vinyl chloride) paste resin. 3. te) (25038-59-9) films for pressure sensitive ADHESIVE TAPES Okata, Atsushi (Mitsubishi Monsanto Co., Ltd., Japan). were REVIEWED with 0 refs. Purasuchikkusi' ' 1972, 23(4), 99-104 (Japan). A REVIEW 20454u Fatigue of composites. Salkind.M.J. (Skorsky Aircr. without refs. Div., United Aircr. Corp., Stratford, Conn.). Amer. Soc. Test. 20472y Irradiation effects of radioactivity for molding Mater., Spec..Tech. Publ. 1972, STP 497, 143-69 (Eng). polymer. Kimura, Hiroshi; Yamaguchi, Takuji; Imachi, The fatigue behavior and failure modes of reinforced plastic Masaki; Uematsu, Masakazu (Dept. Text., Fukui Univ., composites are REVIEWED with 84 refs. Fukui, Japan). Fukui Daigaku Kogakubu Kenkyu Hokoku 20455v Acoustic emission from composite materials. Liptai, 1971, 19(1), 45-51 (Eng). Changes in the MOLDING R. G. (Lawrence Radiat. Lab., Univ, California, Livermore, CHARACTERISTICS caused by 6"Co irrndn. of high-pressure Calif.). Amer. Soc. Test. Mater., Spec. Tech. Publ. 1972, STP polyethytene [9002-88-4] included decreased elongation and 265-93 (Eng). A REVIEW with 10 re]f. The use of tensile strength. The magnitude of the eifecis was increased in istic emission anal, to evaluate material properties and defect the presence of water or by increasing the temp. T. Okuua Cture is described, and sources of acoustic emission in 20473z Duromer, polyurethane structural foam. Bernard, composite materials, esp. GLASS FIBER-EPOXY COMPOSlT=David (Mobay Chem. Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.), /-`roc., Conf., ES, under strain are discussed. Heinf. Plast./Compos. Div., Soc. Plast. Ind. 1972, 27, ID, 1-4 2045Gw Superheat-resistant plastics. Hayashi, Toshio (Eng). A DISCUSSION with no refs, of Duromer [9044-42-2] (Marusho Sangyo Co., Ltd.. Tokyo, Japan). Kobunshi Kako polyurethane structural foam. 1972, 21(1), 20-30 (Japan). A REVIEW without refs. 20474a Deraltane vinyl ester resins. Unique chemistry for 20457s Glass/resin-reinforced plastics in the chemical unique SMC [sheet molding compound) opportunities. industry. Terme, L (Dep. Dev. Mark., Soc. Verre Text, Saint Stavinoha, R. F.; MacRae, J. D. (Dow Chem. Co., Freeport, Gobain, Paris, Fr.). Chim. Ind., Genie ('him. 1972, 105(6), Tex.). /Voc., Conf., Heinf. Plast./Compos. Div., Soc. Plast. Ind. OLI 7374 W/ in the steric hindrance. The binding tendency between the c CO*. and Et aminobenzoate was controlled by the hydropht interaction and steric factor in addn. to electrostatic interaction. -- y-NHRNM-- 6Q276y Electron spin resonance study of polyclhyb irradiated with ultraviolet light. Tsuji, Kozo; St EIOiC I B0*C 3 _t Toshifumi (Cent. Res. Lab., Sumitomo Chem. Co., L' Takatsuki, Japan). Polym. J. 1971, 2(5), 606-22 (Er In the ESR spectra of polyethelene (9002-88-4] irradiated w uv light at -196*. 2 types of FREE RADICALS -CILCHCJ and -CHjCH/ were obsd. The latter radicals were reactive a 60270s Chemical thermodynamics of polymerization of abstracted H atoms from the polymer chains to form the forn formaldehyde in an aqueous environment. Bryant, W. M. D.; radicals. When the temp, of the irradiated samples v Thompson, John B. (Plast. Dep., E. 1. du Pont de Nemours increased, ocvl radicals CHiCH(CO)CHj- appeared at -125* e and Co., Wilmington, Del.). J. Polym. Sci., Part A-l 1971, 9(9), 2523-40 (Eng). A self-consistent set of thermodynamic values for polymn. of HCHO in a GAS PHASE and an aq. environment is ealed. from a set of exptl. thermochem. values and some ealed. data. ENTHALPIES, ENTROPIES, and allylic radicals at approx. -30*. The primary process at -If was considered to be Norrish type I reaction of carbonyl grow In O atm., CHARGE TRANSFER COMPLEXES of O wi polyethylene formed, and were shown to participate in t formation of radicals. FREE ENERGIES of FORMATION ate derived for the various intermediates and products, including the first six HYDROXY-= TERMINATED OLIGOMERS. Simple equations for equil. const, as a function of temp, are presented and agree reasonably well with exptl. results. GU277z Simple dialysis cell for solutions of polymers > mixed solvents. Guthrie, J. T.; Huglin, M. B.; Phillips, G. * (Dep. Chem., Univ. Salford, Salford, Engl.). Mokromi Chem. 1971, 149, 309-12 (Eng). A diclyzer which allows t! measurement of the sp. REFRACTIVE INDEX increment (r) 1 602711 Vacuum and oxidative pyrolysis of poly-p-xylylene. differential refractometry or interferometry was construct; II. Chromatographic analysis and kinetics of reaction comprising a Visking bag connected to a capillary tube throuf products. Jellinek, H. H. G.; Ronel, S. H. (Clarkson Coll. a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) sleeve joint. The polymer soln. i Techno)., Potsdam, N. Y.). J. Polym. Sci., Part A-1 1971, the mixed solvent (0.005-0.025 g/ral) was introduced simultaneo= 9(9), 2605-15 (Eng). The ACTIVATION ENERGY for each of usly with the mixed solvent into the bag and outside tube, resp the products of thermal degradation 'of poly(p-xylylene) with sep. syringes, after dialysis, the soln. and solvent we: [25722-33-21 in vacuum was not the same. Each product was formed by a reaction which had its own characteristic no. av. KINETIC CHAIN LENGTH. Oxidative degradation produced the same org. compds. as vacuum degradation and additionally CO, CO?, and H?0. Oxidized intermediates were rapidly withdrawn, and the (r)p measured, n denotes the value of e a const, chem. potential. The e and (r), of polylMe melhacrylatt [9011-14-7] in 42:58 PhMe-MeOH mixt. are 0.094 and 0.15 ml/g, resp. decarboxylated and decarbonylatcd. Oxidative chain scission was appreciably faster than that in vacuum. 60272u Coordination catalysts for the selective hydrogenat= / ion of polymeric unsaturation. Falk, John C. (Roy C. lngersoll Res, Cent., Borg-Warner Corp., Des Plaines, III.). J. Polym. Sci., Pari A-l 1971, 9(9), 2617-23 (Eng). Hydrogenat= 60278a Chemically Reactive Polymers; an Inaugura Lecture Delivered in the University of Birmingham on 1911 May 1970. Barker, Sidney A. (Suttons: Birmingham, Engl.) 1970. 14 pp. 4 s. ion catalysts which selectively discriminate between different types of polymeric unsatn. were prepd. by treatment of ttiethyloluminum [97-93-8] or an ORGANOLITHIUM compd. with Ni or cobalt 2-ethylhexanoate [136-52-7J. The order of activity in the hydrogenations studied with these catalysts was 1,4-polybutadiene [9003-17-2] > 1,4-polyisoprene [9003-31-0] > polystyrene [9003-53-6]. The effects of catalyst concn., A1 or Li/tran$ition metal ratio, and alkyl metal sources were discussed. 60?.73v Mechanism of action of some stabilizers in the thermal degradation of polylvinyl chloride). Razuvaev, G. A.; Troitskaya, L. S.; Troitskii, B. B, (Inst. Chem., Gorkii, USSR). /. Polym. Sci., Part A-l 1971, 9(9), 2673-88 (Eng). The activity of stabilizers such as org. salts of Ca, Ba, or Cd and trialkyl phosphates against thermal degradation of polyleinvl chloride) [9002-86-2] depends primarily on the efficiency of HC1 absorption and polyene unit destruction by these compds. The accelerating effect of HC1 is connected with interaction with forming polyene units in the PVC structure. 60274w Hydrolysis of n-butyl acetate with various polymeric sulfonic acids. Sakaguchi, Yasuyoshi; Yamada. vunichi; Tamaki, Katsuyuki; Nishino, Jun (Dep. Appl. Chem., Konan "niv., Kobe, Japan). Kobunshi Kanaka 1971, 28(317), 755-60 (Japan). The CATALYTIC EFFECT of polymeric sulfonic acids for the hydrolysis of AcOBu in aq. soln. 60279b (-Caprolactam. Fujita, Yutaka; Naruchi, Tatsuyuki Yoshisato, Eishin (Teijin Ltd.) Ger. Offen. 2,111,216 (Cl. C 07d, B 01/), 30 Sep 1971, Japan. Appl. 09 Mar 1970-28 Der 1970; 80 pp. ^Caprolactam (1) 1105-60*2), starting compd. for the manuf. of nylon 6, was prepd. without AMMONIUM SULFATE FORMATION by vapor phase reaction of ccaprolact* one (II) (or f-hydroxycaproates), H and NHj (1:10-50:2-25 molar ratio) in the presence of a CATALYST system consisting of metallic copper [7440-50-8] on TiO?, AhOu Al,Os-SiO?, or SiOj (av. particle size 10-50 a) at 220-310 and 0.1-1.2 atm. Thus, 160 g TiOj was suspended in 121.6 g Cu(NO^);,3HjO in 1 I. H,0, the pH adjusted to 7.5 by 10% Na-COs, the mixt, kept overnight, and the filtered powder calcined to give a product of 20:80% CuO-TiOj ratio, which was reduced with H to give a catalyst of 0.20:1 Cu-Ti02 ratio. H 0.23, NHi(g) 0.05, and 11 0.01 l./min were passed over 68 g of the above catalyst at 250 under N for 3 hr to give 78% I at 87% II conversion ad 90% selectivity, t-hydroxycaproic acid, its NH4 salt, and II by-products. The above catalyst system was further improved by addn. of minor amts, of Ni or Cr2Oj, 60280v Adipic acid. Kawaguchi, Takeo; Matsubara, Takashi (Toa Gosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) Japan. 71 34,498 (Cl. C 07c, B Old), 08 Oct 1971, Appl. 27 May 1968; 4 pp. increased with increasing contents of sulfo groups in the acids. The polymeric sulfonic acids were prepd. by sulfonating various homo- and copolymers, such as polystyrene [9003-53-C] and poly(vinylnaphthalene). Sulfonated polymers contg. hydropho= bic units showed generally high catalytic effect, but &ome sulfonated polymers with high HYDROPHOB1CITY showed low catalytic effect. The catalytic effect depended also on the STERIC CONDITIONS between the acid and AcOBu. 60275x Hydrolysis of some low-molecular-weight and polymeric esters with various polymeric sulfonic acids. Sakaguchi, Yasuyoshi; Tsujimoto, Yoshimasa; Tamaki, Katsuyuki; Nishino, Jun (Dep. Appl. Chem,, Konan Univ., Kobe, Japan). Kobunshi Kapaku 1971, 28(317), 761-5 (Japan). Me acetate (79-20-9], tert-Bu acetate [540-88-5], di-Me fumarate [624-49-7], di-Me maleate (624-48-6], partially acetylatcd poly Ivinyl ale.) [9002-89-5], and vinyl acetate-vinyIpyrrohdone copolymer [2508(1-89-9] were hydrolyzed in aq. solns. with various polymeric sulfonic acids. The polymeric sulfonic acids were pro:id. by %ulfonating various homo- and copolymers, such as polystyrene [9003-53-6] and polyU'inylnaphts= holene). 'I he CATALS'llC EFFECT of the acids was increased by the HYDROPHOHIC1TY of the acids, but affected by the STERIC FACTOR between the acids and the esters. The partial neutralization of the acids with laurylamine reduced the catalytic effect of the remaining sulfo groups due to an increase In the manuf. of adipic acid (I) [124-04-9] by LIQ. PHASE OXIDN. of cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, and (or) cyclohexanone in AcOH, I crystals were sepd. by crystg. the reaction mixt., the resulting mother liquor subjected to an azeotropic distn. with cyclohexyl acetate and (or) cyclohexanone; the dehydrated mother liquor was recycled to the oxidn. stream so that the reaction proceeded continuously. H. Kaiaoka 60281 w (-Caprolactam from cyclohexane. Ishimoto, Yasuo; Togawa, Hatuo; Nakagawa, Koji; Yamamoto. Kiyoshi; Naruchi, Tatsuyuki; Matsui, Hideo; Saiki, Tadatsugu (Teiiin Ltd.) Japan. 71 31,538 (Cl. C 07d), 13 Sep 1971. Appl. 29 May 1968; 6 pp. t-Caprolactam (1) I105-60-2J was orend bv oxidizing cyclohexane (11) and(or) cyclohexanone (HI) with O, and reducing the aq. extract to form an acid mixt,, which was reduced and aminated at 200-300 in the present e of a hydrogenation catalyst and healed at 300-400 with NH> and H.O without a catalyst. Thus, 0.51 l./hour II contg. HI 6.3, cyclohexanol 3.9, and cyclohexyl peroxide 3% was heated et 130* and 15 kg/cm2 for 17 hr with 90 l./hour air. The mixt. was extracted with HiO, and the extract was hydrogenated 20 min in the presence of 5 g Pt/C (5%) and filtered. The filtrate was OLI 7375 i lowed good flexibility and SCRATCH RESISTANCE, and detd. The most compatible plasticizer had a Me side group in hen used for bonding steel, ADHESIVE STRENGTH 1447 psi. the glycol portion of the mol. esistarce to WEATHERING and AGING was good. Use of 46834x Statistical optimization of phosphor-binder after 1 tft4% nitrile) reduced adhesive strength but not composition water resistance. Dubovitskaya, ). M.; Kazarin, itv or scratch resistance, Kpoxv resin was cured by 20% I. G.; Tammik, A. (USSR). Tartu Riihliku Ulikooli Toim. hr at 160' or 20 min at 200*, but not by 15% II at either 46828y Adhesion of copper foil to epoxy glass laminates, 'hakravarty, A. P.; Munje, 1. L.; Debnath, K, K.; Ganguli, K, (Def. Hes- hah. (Mater.), Kanpur, India). Labdev, Part A 1971, No. 271, 97-111 (Russ). The V factorial exptl. design, used to optimize the EPOXY RESIN potting compn. for a LUMINESCENT POWDER, involved the following variables: the presence or absence of reactive plasticizer, the presence or absence of INERT PLASTICIZER (or inert diluent), and the use of an AMINE or POLYAMIDE HARDENER. The optimization 971. 9(1), 46-8 (Eng). In the prepn. of laminates of copper of the water resistance also optimized its resistance to 7440-50-8) with glass fiber-reinforced epoxv resin. PEEL STRENGTHS of 8-10 Ib/in (MlL-P-J39a9D) were achieved by -lectrolvtic treatment of the Cu at current d. 0.014 amp./in1 in >% CuSCL soln. in 10.V NaOH, priming with compounded nitrile -ubber <33% nitrile), curing 15 min at 160*, applying the glass FLAKING. 46835y Effect of the chemical structure of several stabilizers on their effectiveness. Akhmedzade, D. A.; Yasnopol'skii, V, D.; Golovanova, Yu. I. (Inst. Neftekhim. Protsess., Baku, USSR). Azerb. Khim. Zh. 1970, (5-6). 37-40 rabric conlg. B-stage epoxy resin, and curing 60 min at 160*/500 (Russ). Of the 10 stabilizers tested (several had a benzophen= psi. The priming mechanism may involve formation of CujS, one-related structure), polypropylene (I) 19003-07-0] was best which reacts with rubber unsatn. stabilized with 2,6-dibromophenolindophenol (sic). Addn. of 4G829z Boric acid esters as secondary plasticizers for stabilizers to I followed by pressing caused degradation of the po)y(vinyl chloride)). Potnis, S. P.; Khanolkar, A. G. (Dep. supramol. structure. On heat treatment, a new supraraol. Chem. Technol,, Univ. Bombay, Bombay, India). J. Polym. structure was formed, resulting in increased mech. strength. Set., Part C 1971, No. 33, 161-9 (Eng). Use of boric acid 46836z Acetal-PTFE resin blend improves properties and 110043-35-3] esters as secondary plasticizers for PVC [9002-86-2] processing. Estell, Robert E. (Plast. Div., Garlock, Inc., gave improved ELEC. PROPERTIES, HEAT STABILITY, and Camden, N. J.). Plast. Des. Process. 1971, 11(10), 35-7 FIRE RESISTANCE. Replacement of 10-20% primary (Eng). Gylon Lubetal, a blend of acetal copolymer and plasticizer by trioctyl borate [2467-12-1 ] gave the best elec, -polv(tetrafluoroethylene) fibrous flakes, has improved TENSILE properties. Replacement of 30-50% dioctyl phthalate by STRENGTH, shear strength, fatigue endurance, resilience, and trist2-methylcyclohexyl) borate (24848-82-6) gave TRANSP= ABRASION RESISTANCE and is used for manufg. cams, gears, ARENT plastic with good properties at moderate temps. valve seats, and bearings and as a MOLD RELEASE AGENT. COMPATIBILITY of borates was not sufficient for their use as 46837a Antioxidative stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride). primary plasticizers, while that of borate polyesters was too low Stapfer, Christian H.; Granick, Joel D. (Cincinnati Milacron for use as secondary plasticizers. Chem. Inc., New Brunswick, N. J.). J. Polvm. Set., Part A-l 46830t Effect of methyl cellulose-added syrup on the seal 1971, 9(9), 2625-36 (Eng). The DEGRADATION of polywtnyl strength of polyethylene pouches. Saigo, Hideaki; Shimoda, chloride) (I) [S002-86-2] is increased in the presence of O Yoshio (Toyo Shokuhin Junior Coll., Kawanishi, Japan). because of the autoxidn. of the polymer, followed by DEHY= Tovo Skokuhin Kogyo Tanki Uatgaku, Toyo Shokuhin Kenky-- DROCHLORINATION. The dehydrochiorination of 1 at 175* in usho Kenkyu Hokokusho 1970, 60(9), 62-7 (Japan). o-CLCjHz was examd. in presence or absence of O and The seal strength of pouches made of low d. polyethylene (I) stabilizers such as thiollauric anhydride [19659-64-4] (low 19002-88-4] contg. 10 ppm Me cellulose (II) ]9004-67-5] is lower stabilizing effect), diisooctyl dithiodipropionate [33881-78-6], than that of high d. 1 contg. the same amt. of II. K. Node alkylidene bis(mercapto ester), dilauryl disulfide (2757-37-1 j, 4683 lu Stabilization of poly (vinyl chloride) with organotin and alkylidene bisdauryl mercaptole) (high stabilizing effect). compounds. Minsker, K. S.; Fedoseeva, G. T.; Zavarova, T. ORGANOTIN COMPDS. were added as co-stabilizers to Krats, E. O. tBashk. Gos. Univ., Ufa, USSR). stabilize the labile Cl and to eliminate the early discoloration. xomnl. Soedin., Ser. A 1971, 13(10), 2265-78 (Russ), Phenolic antioxidants and thiotin compels, such as dibutyltin es conducted with 20 organotin stabilizers (e.g., trichlor= obutyltin 11118-46-3), tetraphenyltin |593-90-4], and dichlorodibutyltin [683-18-1]) suggested that the stabilizers exerted a multiple effect on pulyteinyt chloride) [9002-86-2] viz., as HC1 acceptors, dienophiles. inhibitors of DEHYDROCHLORINA= bis(isooctylthioglycolate) |25168-24-5] prevent the oxidative crosslinking of I. The stabilization mechanisms are discussed. 46838b Heterogeneous network polymers. Poly-(-N-carb= obeuzoxy-tMysine crosslinked with isocyanate-terminated polyethers. Tanaka, Taltehide; Yokoyama, Tetsuo; Yamag = TION and plasticizers. The effectiveness of the stabilizers uchi, Yukio; Furukawa, Mutsuhisa; Mori, Tetsuo (Fac. Eng., depended on the substituents. Thus, stabilizers contg. a Srt-Cl Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, Japan). J. Polym. Set., Part A-l bond increased the INDUCTION PERIOD, whereas org. 1971, 9(9), 2745-9 (Eng). PotyU-N-carbobemoxy-L-lysine) (I) substituents primarily accounted for the TOXICITY, COMP= ATIB1LITY, and light stabilizing effects. 46832v New antistatics for plastics. Vasilenok, Yu. I.; f-COCHNM-- "I Konoplev, B. A.; Lagunova. V. N.; Simonov, A. M.; tCHzl/JHCOICHiPlJ<i Pozharskii, A. F,; Zvezdina, E, A.; Adreichikov, Yu. P. (USSR). Blast. Massy 1971, (10), 11-13 (Russ). The [25931-47-9], prepd. according to the N-carboxyanhydride '' CHjCH^OH cc N* OH" ''chjCo,nq n method, was crosslinked with isocyanate-terminated polyethers in AcNMej to give a noncryst. heterogeneous network polymer whose structure shows the branching points of the polymer crosslinked through the reaction of side urethane group of 1 and isocyanate-terminated polyether. The isocyanate-terminated immersion of polyethylene (I) (9002-88-4), polystyrene [9003-53-6J, or polyiMe methacrylate) ]9011-14-7] films in 2% ale. solns. of I-[ hydroxyethyl)-3-carboxy methyl-2-nonyl- = imidazolium hydroxide Na salt (II, R is nonvl) 133991-62-7), II(R is undecyl), or ll(R is tridecvl) at 20* for 10 sec and drying at room temp, decreased their SURFACE ELEC. RESISTANCE polyethers, were prepa, by treating poly(oxyethylene) glycol [25322-68-3] or poly(oxypropylene) glycol ]23322-69-4] with a diisocyanate such tolylene diisocyanate [26471 -62-5] The ir and x-ray spectra of network polymers are discussed. The network polymer has a single glass transition and it is not a simple adduct of the component polymers but a composite. OLI 7376 (p) from 8 x 10'' to the 10s ohm range. Other IM1DAZOLI NIUM SALTS, such as N-< .i-hyaroxyethyl)-2-nonyhmidozol-- inium adipate [33936-03-7] or l-l3-hydroxycthyl)-2-ammoim- idazolimum bromide [33936-04-8] have lower antistatic activity. The presence of II on the surface of I had no effect on its mech. properties. 40833w Effect of the chemical structure of polyester plasticizers on the viscoeleastic properties of poiylvinyl chloride). Perepechko. I. 1.; Ushakov, L. A.; Barshtein, R. S. JjtjSK). Plant. Mas<y 1971, Util, 35-9 (Russ). The ^^Boelastic properties of poly tuny I chloride) (I) %|9002-86-2] lof wt. 61,000) plasticized with polyester plasticizers of the general formula BuO.CiCH,)tCO|ORO.-CiCHdtCOj OBu (where R is a glycol radical, e.g,, alkvlene. hydroxyalkylene, or isoalkylene) showed tha( the plasticizing effect of the polyester increased with the no. of CH: groups in the glycol portion of the mol. The COMPATIBILITY of several plasticizers with I was 46839c Apparatus for polymerizing a plastic material. Milner, Sanford N. (Milner Corp.) Fr. Demande 2,043,529 (Cl. C 08fg), 26 Mar 1971, US Appl. 19 May 1969; 29 pp. Crude plastic material was AUTOMATICALLY poivmd. in an app. which contained a HEATING ZONE to heat the plastic to polymg. temp., and means of automatically transferring the material after polymn. to a COOLING ZONE A rolling carriage within the cylindrical assembly line chamber provided the means for automatic relay from zone to zone. The poivmd. material transported to the cooling zone was sprayed with cooling fog or water. Air was circulated into the chamber in the opposite direction to that of assembly movement. 46840w 4-(Carboxyalkoxyl-2-hydroxy-4'-phenyIbenzophe = nones as stabilizers against ultraviolet light. Biller. Bernhard; Duennenberger, Max; Biland. Huns R.; Luoihi, Christian (Ciba Geigy A.-G.) Ger. Offen, 2,109,703 iCl. C