Document NeZ9Ln5JZBeBMRx4yL8ywyEOy

MEMORANDUM San Francisco, California July 27, 3972 TF f OSHA ASBESTOS STANDARD TO ALL SAFETY ENGINEERS: The "permanent" standard for exposure to asbestos fibers vas pub3ished in the June 7, 1972 Federal Register. A copy of that publication and the Environmental Health and Toxicology Section's detailed summary is attached. To briefly high light the standard: 3. The permissible tine-weighted average concentration will remain at 5 flbers/cc until 7/l^76, when it vil3 drop to 2 fibers/cc. The maximum permissible concentration for any period of time is 10 fibers fee. 2. Engineering controls ''shall be used to meet the exposure limits." The use of respirators is limited to the time necessary to install controls, where adequate control is not feasible, or in emergencies. 1 3. For any removal of asbestos -containing insulation from pipes, etc., the workers must be provided with supplied-air respirators. 4. Schedule 23 B respirators are only good up to 10 times the permissible fiber concentration. 5. Hand- and power-operated tools which may produce fiber concentrations in excess of the exposure limits must be provided with local exhaust venti lation system. 6. All asbestos operations must be monitored by December 7, 1972 to deter mine whether exposures are below the permissible limits. Periodic follow-up sampling is also required in some cases. 7. Preplacement, annual, and termination medical examinations are required for all employees who are exposed to airborne asbestos. 8. Other requirements involve caution signs, labels, protective clothing, record-keeping, notification of employees with exposure in excess of the limits, and waste disposal. We suggest that you acquaint yourselves with all of your operations which involve asbestos, and become thoroughly familiar with the new standards. If you will send us a summary of the nature of asbestos exposures in your plants, we will advise on how to comply with item 6 above. D. H. BARBER n.H.ii DETAILED SIMMARY OF ASBESTOS STANDARD OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH ACT 29 CFR 1910.93a, 7/20/72 S. L. Dryden Permissible Exposure Limit A. Time weighted average (OTA) 1. Effective July 7, 1972 : 5 fibers, longer than 5 microns, per cubic centimeter of air (f/cc) 2. Effective July 2, 1976 : 2 f/cc B. Ceiling concentration: 10 f/cc C. Measurement standard: Collection on membrane filter of 0.8 micron porosity in an open-face holder, analysis by light microscopy. Methods of Limiting Exposures A. General: Engineering controls shall be the means for achieving compliance. B. Specific requirements 1. Local exhaust ventilation - ANSI Z9.2-19712. All tocis for cutting, shaping, and molding asbestos materials shall be provided with local exhaust ventilation systems. 3. Use wet methods "insofar as practicable". h. Handling of dry asbestos-containing cements in a loose state prohibited. 5- Workers engaged in removal of asbestos-containing insulation shall be provided with supplied-air repirators and special clothing. C. Respirators 1. Use of repirators to achieve compliance is permissible only in limited cases: a. During the time necessary to install engineering controls. b. Engineering controls sufficient to comply with exposure standards are not technically feasible. c. In emergencies 2. Respirators must approved by Bureau of Mines or NIOSH. 3. Permissible range of usage a. Air purifying respirators: where concentrations are expected to be up to 10 times the permissible limits. b. Powered air purifying respirators: to 100 times c. Supplied-air respirators: unlimited Employer shall establish "respirator program" in accordance with ANSI Z88.2-I969. -S' 5. No employer shall be assigned a job requiring the use of a respirator if judged medically unfit to function normally in one. D. Special Clothing 1. Required when concentrations exceed 10 f/cc. 2.~ Coveralls, head covering, gloves, and foot coverings are included. 3. Change roans and two separate lockers are required when concentrations exceed TWA or ceiling limits. 4. Special handling is prescribed for laundering. HI. Requirements for Monitoring Airborne Asbestos Concentrations A. By December 7, 1972 - survey all locations "where asbestos fibers are released B. Frequency of periodic monitoring - 6 months, or more often as necessary, where exposures "may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the exposure limits". C. Sampling locations, both 1. Breathing zone of workers, and 2. Fixed locations D. Record keeping 1. Must be retained at least 3 years 2. Access must be granted to a. OSEA b. moss c. Employees (current & former) 3. Overexposed employees must be notified of that fact. IV. Warnings A. Caution Signs 1. Required "at all approaches to areas containing excessive concentrations" 2. Specifies size and exact wording 3. Unlike in the temporary standard, the requirement does not include the words "danger" or "cancer". B. Caution Labels 1. Required for raw materials, mixtures, scraps, and other products containing asbestos 2. Excludes products where asbestos is bound or coated sufficexrtly to prevent release of fibers 3. Specifies exact wording V. Medical examinations A. Timing 1. Preplacement 2. Annual 3* Termination of employment B. Prescribed tests 1. Chest roentgenogram 2. History to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease. 3- Forced vital capacity 4. Forced expiratory volume at one second. -3- C. Becords 1. Must be retained- at least 20 years. 2. Access most be granted to: a. OSBA b. moss ~ c. Employee's physician VI. Miscellaneous A. Waste Disposal: Any asbestos-contaminated waste which may produce dust in excess of the limits "in soy reasonably foreseeable" handling, must be disposed of in sealed impermeable containers. B. Bouse keeping: Workplaces must be kept free of accumulations of asbestos dust . 11318 BUUS AMO REGULATIONS Title 29--LABOR Chapter XVII--Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Depart ment of Labor PART 1910--OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS Standard for Exposure to Asbestos . Dust On December 7, 1971. as emergency temporary standard concerning exposure to asbestos fibers eras published in the Fkddul Rxsbtsx (38 FJL. 23207). In ac cordance with section 6(c) (3) of the-Wil liams-Steiger Qeeuptalonal Safety and Health Act of 1970. a notice of proposed rulemaking regarding a permanent standard for exposure to asbestos fibers was published In the Fdoul Rxguiu on January 12. 1972 (37 FJ*. 468). The no tice invited Interested persons to submit both orally and In writing, data, views, and arguments concerning the proposal. On or about January 24. 1972. the Ad visory Committee on Asbestos Dust was established and requested to make writ ten recommendations with regard to the proposed standard on asbestos. On or about February 1. 1972. the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare trans mitted to the Secretary of Labor a cri teria document containing Recommenda tions for an Occupational Exposure Standard far Asbestos by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NXOSH). Public notice was given of the receipt of the recommendations and their availability for inspection and copying. On or about February 25. 1972. the Advisory Committee on Asbestos Dust submitted its wntten recommendations to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupations! Safety and Health. Pursuant to the notice of rule making; a bearing was held cn March 14 through 17.1972. for the purpose of receiving oral data, views, and arguments concerning the proposed standard. On or about March 31.1972. the presiding hearing ex aminer certified to the Asmrant Secre tary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health the record of the proceeding; The record includes prehearing wntten comments, a transcript of the oral pres entations made at the hearing, and nu merous exhibits received during the course of the hearing or within the pe riod allowed after the dose of the hearing. The proposed standard dealt with (1) permissible concentrations of asbestos fibers: (2) methods of compliance: (3) warning signs: (4) monitoring: (5) med ical examinations: and (6) recordkeep ing. Each of these major proposals elic ited comments, arguments. objections, and counterproposals. They illhave been examined and considered. L Acceptable concentrations of asbes tos dust. The proposed standard would limit occupational exposure to 6-tour time-weighted average (TWA) airborne concentrations of asbestos dust not ex ceeding five fibers longer than five micrometers per. milliliter. Concentra tions above five fibers but not to exceed 10 fibers (celling concentration) would be permitted up to 15 minutes in an hour, but for not more than 5 hours in any one 8-hour day. NXOSH in effect has recommended that the five-fiber TWA and 10-fiber peak concentrations be permitted only for 2 years; thereafter. TWA concentra tions should be not more than 2 fibers per cubic centimeter (cm.*) of air. and peak concentrations should not exceed 10 flbers/em.*. with no time restriction. Numerous objections and counterpro posals have been made, with regard to both the limits of asbestos fiber concen trations and the time periods to comply with them. Some, for example, have rec ommended return to a 12-fiber standard of an earlier day; i.e a level adopted under the Walsh-Healey Public Con tracts Act in 1969. Others have recom mended a two-fiber standard to become effective in 6 months, then a one-fiber standard for 2 years, and finally a zero- fiber standard after 3 years. These rec ommendations give a fair indication of the wide spread of the counterproposals. No one has disputed that exposure to asbestos of high enough intensity and long enough duration is causally related to asbestosis and cancers. The dispute is as to the determination of a specific level below which exposure is safe. Various studies attempting to establish quantita tive relations between specific levels of expcsore to asbestos fibers and the 2 pearance of advent biological manil. tattoos, such as asbestosis. lung canee and mesothelioma, have given rise controversy aa to the validity of t measuring techniques used and the reli blllty of the relations attempted to established. Because of the long lac of time between onset of exposure a biological manifestations, we have hi evidence of the consequences of exposu: but we do not have, in general, accura measures of the levels of exposure o cursing 20 or 30 years ago. which ha given rise to these consequences. The are also controversies concerning ti relative toxxetty of the various kmels asbestos, and varying hazards in di ferent workplaces. It is fair to say that the eontrover. has centered in the area between a tw fiber TWA concentration and five-fib TWA concentration, with variations c the time needed for compliance. Mar employers support a five-fiber TW. Most medical opinion is divided betwee a two-fiber standard and a five-fibt standard. In view of the undisputed grave cor sequences from exposure to asbestt fibers. It is essential that the exposure t regulated now. on the basis of the be: evidence available now. even though may not be as good as riwtmiany de sirahle. An asbestos standard be rt evaluated In the light of the results c ongoing studies, and future studies, bu cannot wait for them. Lives of employee are at stake. Xt is concluded that there should b one minimum standard of exposure t asbestos applicable to ail workplaces ex posed to any kind, or mixture of kind: of asbestos. Reasons of practical to ministration preclude a variety of stand ards for different kinds of asbestos am of workplaces. Also, while the evidecc tends to show that erocidolite. for In stance, is more harmful than ehrysaulc the evidence is not sufficient to establish separate standards for varieties 0 asbestos. Because there must be one standan governing exposure to all varieties o asbestos, and in workplaces apparent!: more hazardous than others; becausi some present employees with regular ex posure to asbestos have probably al ready accumulated great doses of asbes tos fibers, due to higher levels of ex posure in the past: because it appear: that levels of exposure which may be safe with regard to asbestosis are not safe with regard to mesothelioma: be* cause the statute requires the protection of every employee, even of one who may have regular exposure to asbestos during a working life which may reach, or even exceed. 40 yean: and because of several other considerations which have been urged and are reflected in the record of tto proceeding, the conflict in the medi cal evidence is resolved in favor of the health of employees. As of July 1. 1976. TWA concentrations of asbestos fibers longer than 5 micrometers will not be allowed to exceed two flbers/cc.. with a ceiling value of 10 flbers/cc. The current TWA concentrations of five flben. and nsim tEsism. vou 37, no. no--Wednesday, junc 7, 1*72 RULES AND REGULATIONS 1X319 reUlng nn atmTM of 10 fiben/OA fibers, so that them would sot be xeteued 9. Records. The standard, as prepond iU be permitted until July 1. 2978. dur to the normal use of the products, should and as adopted, requires maintenance of ing whet will be a transitional period not be required to be labeled: and (2) records of monitoring and of medical deemed neeessary to allow employers to words such as -danger* and -oncer- art rvamtnatinni Meet of the controversy to make the seeded changes for coming unwartantediy ilinntng this ana has revolved around the qnao- into compliance with the more stringent Both contentions have merit snd the torn whether an employer should be al standard. standard has been changed accordingly. lowed to have access to the molts at The record shows that the many work 4. Monitoring. The proposed standard the required medical exammatlnm Tha operations subject to the single asbestos would have required personal monitor- apprehension of those who have argued standard (textile, manufacturing, todus- tog and environmental monitoring. against employer access is bssed on the t-i-t.i and marine *p*-n>tlei" etc.) will Many issues have been raised concerning expectation that some employers will use meet varying degrees of difficulty la the availability and reliability of meas the medical irxaimnations as a means of replying with the standard. In some uring instruments, frequency of moni screening employment applicants, and plants, extensive redesign and reloca toring. and conditions to which monitor- worse, as grounds for discharging currant tion of equipment may be needed. It ap tog should be required. The adopted employees, who show signs of being af pears. however, the delay In the effective standard takes the objections into con fected by exposure to asbestos. Since tha date of the two-fiber standard will pro sideration. Zt requires periodic monitor- purpose of the medical examinations is vide all employers a reasonable time to tog at intervals no longer than 6 months, to monitor the health of employees ex comply. At the same time, so long as tha thus allowing considerable tone and dis posed to the hazards of abestca. em ceiling limit is complied with, no harm cretion. and prescribes the use of the ployees cannot in reason be granted the is ressoxubly expected to result from ex membrane filter method, which is an ac privilege of refusing to disclose to posures during the transitional period. ceptable method for determination of employers results of occupational expo 2. Methods of compliance. Zt has been asbestos fibers. sure. It does not make sense to require pointed out by many persons, that pro Zt has also been recommended that employers to provide medical examina tection against asbestos fibers is best employees or their representatives should tions if they cannot know and an tha obtained by controlling the generation of -have aa opportunity to observe the results of the examination*. Bar than fibers first, and secondly, by controlling monitoring. The reeommendahaa has reasons the standard provides that em the dispersion of released fibers into the been accepted. ployers* may have a restricted access to ambient air of the workplaces. Therefore, 3. Medical examinations. The pro IOIB0 JQldiCftl iDlOIBftdOQa the standard requires feasible techno logical controls and appropriate work posed standard would only require an appropriate medical examination on a On the other hand, there is no inten tion to allow employers to abuse medical practices as the primary means of com pliance. notation of employees aa a way periodic basis. The generality of the pro posal has attracted many objections and information obtained pursuant to tha Act. to tha detriment of employees. of meeting the TWA concentration re quirement Is allowed only fat stated ex also many helpful comments. The recom mendations of NIOSH and of the Advi Therefore, the administration of tha medical records requirement win be ceptional circumstances, because, as a sory Committee on Asbestcs Oust were closely watched, and. in eases of abun. general rule. It would be difficult to Im much more specific with respect to both appropriate action win be considered. plement. Personal protective equipment, such as respirators, cannot be relied upon became, among other reasons, they may be so uncomfortable as to be bur densome. except for short periods of time. Therefore, it is expected that res pirators and shift rotation will be used during the period necessary to install en gineering controls and to train employ ees in sound work practices, but. after technological compliance has been achieved, their use must be limited to special work situations and emergencies. Where both are practicable, shift rota tion is required. 3. Labeling. The proposed standard stopped short of requiring labeling as frequency and type of medical examina tions to be required. The comments vary as to the class of employees to be ex amined and as to the frequency of the The adopted standard requires medical examinations both at the begmniag and the termination of employments exposed to concentrations of asbestos fibers, and also requires annual medical examina tions of every employee exposed to air borne concentrations of asbestos. Zt has been pointed out that to certain indus tries. such as construction, an employee may work for several employers during the same year. Accordingly, the standard does not require either preemployment, The issues discussed above are believed to be the major ones. Numerous other is sues have been raised to the rulemaking proceedings. Some have been referred to incidentally. Many recommendations, for instance, about work practice*, are wo obviously meritorious that their adop tion needs no exposition here. Other recommendations and many objections have not been adopted for a variety of reasons which should be manifest. Sev eral. for instance, have recommended the use of respirators only pursuant to a variance, or to cases of emergency and occasional short-term exposures. The recommendation with respect to vari bestos and asbestos-containing products. or termination, or periodic exaatoaton ances undoubtedly has many merits, The proposed standard would have re of any employee who has been examined but is considered administratively im quired only warning signs at locations to accordance with the standard within practical. where asbestos hazards are present However, labeling, rather than warning signs, has proved to be a point of con troversy. Both NIOSH and the Advisory Committee on Asbestos Oust recom mended labels for asbestos products and containers, and these the past year. One question which has been raised goes-to whether the employer or the em ployee should be allowed to choose the examining physician. The standard gives the option to the employer. Since some employers already have a medical Accordingly, after consideration of the whole record of the proceeding, and pursuant to sections 8 (b) and (e) "i 8(c) of the WUllams-Stelger Occupa tional Safety and Health Act of 1970 (84 SUL 1593. 1598. 1599; 29 XJSJC. 655. became very controversial in the course of the proceeding. Many counterproproposals have been made as to the lancuase of the warning as well as to the products to be subject to the labeling requirements. Employers, in general, strongly contend that (l) fln(<ehff prod- examination program in operation, and. also, have medical departments with some expertise in the diagnosis of abes- tos-related diseases, it seems more reasonable to permit them to utilize the present programs and expertise, than to permit an employee to choose a private 657), 29 CFR 1910.4, and to Secretary of Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 FJL 8754), Part 1910 of Title 29 of the Code of Fed eral Regulations is amended as set forth below. (1) Section 1910.93 is amended by re heis which effectively entrap asbestos general practitioner. vising Table G-3 to read as follows: FBIEtAL tESISTU. VOL 37, NO. 110--WEBNEiOAT, JUNE 7, It72 21320 RULES AND REGULATIONS S 1910.93 AircoaiMMiiiuata. UP M01* Cmaaiac Qurtt (rwpinliii). QMrtt(MkldMt). Q-WmmMIImkkUiiratKfi--tten * %OOH4 fiSUM-S XBOrfS TndTmtf* Cm H AawptMo*. iDctadlac mooml Skfnreii ttL....... -- roVmf n(Uaa l%or7 alltiMlia): Via. Tale. Onout* ioatoU....... Cot don ImpnM taMilaalKSiOt), Tari tkaalKSIOfa... %mo toTBvaotpmeurmdNrBarlta*e(.an..ee.*.d.O.a.a.a..M.--.:.. UavV Note Coevtnlonlictti*-- appC3U-BUIUon puacia par coble am WttUiPffbG KUn *1 putlda ptr eeMe foot 1 air. bawd o bapu^v amptaa aoaaud br litbt-AcM Mamie* Tba parallel a< arauUlnt aliea to iba (ormala k iba -"<"" dampuad Puts eir-bemi aamplaa. aapt la iboaa iutafloa la vbieli olbar nmhixti baaa ka abawa la ba appurabla Aj daianuaad br ibi nwmbnna flttar anted at <M x pbaaa aaatnat miunrtlrellan. Both aoneantapaa tad panaat qoatta iar Ika appUeattoa a( tbk Hunt an w ba diumuaid from tS Inetua paint a mi aalaner aaib Iba (oUowuic iamdymnilr dtomt (tout deeutr vox) 2as as 10 10 Pmstputf&C JlOBCSQf to nto 3S 0 TaabaAnCaCaaiuuarnnaimaairuaudtibIabismpnuoanbnla<atnr eisciatbiaaaa< nasosti doat M dauminad vita a MK aa fltun eoarnpnndj.nc latbalat at Ut/M` a tba labia Iar goal doat J Ut/U>. 2. A sew 11910.93a is added to Part 1910. reading as follows: 11910.93a Asbestos. (a) Definitions. For the porpose of this section. (1) ``Asbestos" includes chrraoCile. amoeite. crocidollte. tremollte. anthophyllite. and aetinoUte. (2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos fibers longer tban S micrometers. (b) Permissible exposure to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers--ll) Standard effective July 7, 1972. The -hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed five fibers, longer than 9 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air. as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. (2) Standard effective July 1. 1976. The 8-hour time-weighted average air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which, say employee may be exposed shall not exceed two fibers, longer than 8 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air. as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. (3) Coiling concentration. No em ployee shall be exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer tban 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air. as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e> of this section. Ce) Methods of compliance--ID En gineering methods, (i) Engineering con trols. Engineering controls, such as. but Bet limited to. isolation, enclosure, ex haust ventilation, and dust collection, shall be used to meet the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (U) local exhaust ventilation, (a) Local exhaust ventilation and dust col lection systems shill be designed, con structed. installed, and maintained In accordance with the American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems. ANSI Z9.2-1971. which is in corporated by reference herein. (b) See i 1910.6 concerning the avail ability of ANSI Z9.2-1371, and the maintenance of a historic file in eonaaetton therewith. The address of the Amer ican National Standards Institute to given in S 1910.100. (ill) Particular tools. AH hand-op erated and power-operated tools which may produce or release asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) or this section, such as. but not limited to. saws, seams, abrasive wheels, and drills, shall be pro vided with local exhaust ventilation sys tem in accordance with subdivision (11) of this subparagraph. (2) Work practices--(l) Wet methods. Insofar as practicable, asbestos shall be handled, mixed, applied, removed, cut. scored., or otherwise worked in a wet state sufficient to prevent the emission of airborne fibers in excess of the ex posure limits prescribed in paragraph <b> of this section, unless the usefulness of the product would be diminished thereby. (it) Particular products and opera tions. No ssbescos cement, mortar, coat ing. grout, piaster, or similar material containing asbestos shall be removed from bags, cartons, or other containers in which they are shipped, without being either wetted, or enclosed, or ventilated so as to prevent effectively the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (ill) Spraying, demolition, or removal. Employees engaged in the spraying of asbestos, the removal, or demolition of pipes, structures, or equipment covered or insulated with asbestos, and in the removal or demolition of asbestos in sulation or coverings shall be provided with respiratory equipment in accord ance with paragraph (d) (2) (ill) of this section and with special clothing in ac cordance with paragraph (d) (3) of this section. (d) Personal protective equipment (1) Compliance with the exposure iim prescribed by paragraph (b) of this se timi may not be achieved by the use respirators or shift rotation of ec ployees. except: (1) During the time period neeessa to install the engineering controls si to Institute the work practices nqmn by paragraph <e> of this section: (ID m work situations in which tl methods prescribed in paragraph (c> this section are either technically m feasible or feasible to aa extent uixufi dent to reduce the airborne concerntn ttons of asbestos fibers below the Umi prescribed by paragraph (b) of th section: or (111) la emergencies. fiv) Where both respirators and pe: sannei rotation are allowed by subciiv sions (1). (U). or (ill) of this subpare graph, and both are practicable, pereoc oel rotation shall be preferred and uset (2) Where a respirator is permitted b subparagraph (1) of this paragraph. : shall be selected from among those ap proved by the Bureau of Mines. Depan ment of the interior, or the National In stltute for Oceunational Safccv an Health. Department of Health. Educa tion. and Welfare, under the provisions o 30 CFR Part 11 (37 F-R- 6244. Mar. 21 1972). and shall be used in accordanc with subdivisions (1). (11). (Ill), and (lv el this snbpangraph. (i) Air purifying respirators. A reuse Me or single use air purifying resoiratot or a respirator described in subdivide (U) or (111) of this subparagraph, shal be used to reduce the concentrations o airborne asbestos fibers m the respirato: below the exposure limits prescribed is paragraph (b) of this section, when thi ceiling or the 8-hour time-weighted aver' age airborne concentrations of asbesto; fibers are reasonablv exnected to exceec no more tban 10 times those limits. (U) Powered air purifying respirators A full facepiece powered air purilyini respirator, or a powered air punfyini respirator, or a respirator described ii subdivision (ill) of this subparagraph shall be used to reduce the concentra tions of airborne asbestos fibers in thi respirator below the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this section when the ceiling or the 8-hour timeweighted avenge concentrations oi asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 10 times,.but not ICO times, those limits. (1U) Type "C" supplied-air respirators, continuous flow or pressure-demand class. A type "C" continuous Sow or pres sure-demand. supplied-air respirator shall be used to reduce the concentra tions of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (b> of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour timeweighted avenge airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 100 times those limits. (lv) Establishment of a respirator pro gram. (a) The employer shall establish a respirator program in accordance with nSIUL tEGICTEk, VOL 37, NO. no--WfSKISOAT. JUNC>7, 1973 RULES AND REGULATIONS 11221 lhe requirements of the Anertcsn Ke- where asbestos fibers an released to be subparagraph shall conform to the - Standards Practices for Respua- monitored in such a way as to determine quirexneatg of 30" x 14** vertical format 15?flection. ANSI ZII.3-19i58.wMdi whether every employee's exposure to ages specified in 1191(U45(d>(4>. and is mrorporated by referace tugeaib See i 1910.6 concemin* the armfi- -bUltr of ANSI ZM.2-19S9 and the main. traanee of an historic flle In ccanectim. therewith. The address of the Anxenean asbestos fibers is below tbo limits prescribed la paragraph Cb> of this sec tion. If the limits an exceeded, the em ployer shall immediately undertake a wwpnnfH program in accordsnrt with to this subdivision. The signs shaB dis play the following legend in the lower panel, with, letter sizes and styles of a visibility at least equal to that specified in this subdivision. National Standards Jhstttots Is Oven in l 1910.200. iC> No employee shall be i.isagned to tasks requiring the use of respirators If. paragraph (e> of this section. (2) Personal monitoring--11) Sam ples shall be eollntcd from within the breathing zone of the employees, on legend IsbtaSem Notation X** Sobs Saxtf, Ootklc or aioek. based upon his most recent txaminatkn. membrane filters of '0A micrometer po- Dust Karan). %** Sana Bant. an physician determines that the employee will be unable to function normally wearing a respirator, or that the safety or health of the employee or other employees will be Impaired by 1da use of a respirator. Such employee shall rossity mounted in an open-face filter bolder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the g-hour timeweighted average airborne concentra tions and of the ceiling concentrations of ethrtrnv fibers. Avoid Broatniag Dust__ Wear Amlgaad Protective SqttpSM&Co Do KM tomato Za Araa trains Tour Week to- Oottolc * VQottia. i4"Ootiuc. K*'Ootaic. or be routed to another job or given the (11) Sampling frequency nd patterns. qulrmZt. opportunity to transfer to a different po After the initial determinations required Itroatblng Asbntee Dust 14 point dottle. sition whose duties he Is able to perform by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, May to KasaxUoua To with the same employer, in the same geo- samples shall be of such frequency and Tour toalU. graphical area and with the same senior ity. sutus. and rate of pay bt had juft prior to such transfer. 12 such a diffexmxt position Is available. pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of em ployees. Za no ease shall the saospling be done as intervals greater than 6 Spacing between lines shall be at least equal to the height of the upper of any (,wo lines. (2) Caution labels--(1) Labeling. Cau (3) Special clothing: The employer shall provide, and require the use of. spe cial clothing, such as coveralls or similar whole body clothing, head coverings, gloves, and foot coverings for any em ployee exposed to airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers, which exceed the ceiling level prescribed In paragraph (b) of section. (4) change rooms: (1) At any fixed place of employment exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in ac cess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, the em ployer shall provide change rooms for employees working regularly at the place. CU> Clothes lockers: The employer provide two separate lockers or con tainers for each employee, so separated or Isolated as to prevent contamination for employees whose exposure to asbevtoe may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this section. (3) Environmental monitoring--(i) samples shall be coUeeted from areas of a work environment which are represent ative of the airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers which may reach the breathing sone of employees. Semples shall be collected on a membrane fitter of 0A micrometer porosity mounted In an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 2hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations and of the ceiling con centrations of asbestos fibers. <U) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the Initial determinations required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, tion labels shall be affixed to all raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, and other products containing asbestos fibers, or to their containers, except that no label is required where asbestos fibers have been modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder, or other.material so that during any reasonably foreseeable use. handling, storage, disposal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers in excess at the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section will be released. fli) Label specifications. The caution labels required by subdivision (1) of this subparagraph shall be printed in letters of sufficient size and contrast as to be readily visible and legible. The label shall state: CavROx of the employee's street clothes from bis samples shall be of sum frequency and work clothes. pattern as to represent with reasonable till) Laundering: (a) Laundering of accuracy the levels of exposure of the Contains Asbsates Pibca Avoid Crntlng Dus* asbestos contaminated clothing shall be employees. In no case shall sampling be done so as to prevent the release of air at intervals greater than 6 months for Breathing Asbsstos Dust May Csuse Ssrloua Bodily Barm borne asbestos fibers in excess of the ex employees whose exposures to asbestos (h) Housekeeping--(1) Cleaning. All posure limits prescribed in paragraph (b> may reasonably be foreseen to exceed external surfaces in any place of employ of this section. the exposure limits prescribed in para <b> Any employer who gives asbestos- graph <b> of this section. contaminated clothing to another person (4) Employee observation of monitor for laundering shall inform such person ing. Affected employees, or their rep of the requirement in (a) of this subdi resentatives. shall be given a reasonable vision to effectively prevent the release opportunity to observe any montem-my of airborne asbestos fibers In excess of- required by this paragraph and shall have the exposure limits prescribed In para access to the records thereof. graph <b) of this section. (c) Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers, and labeled in accordance with para graph <g) of this section. (g) Caution signs and labels. (1) Cau tion signs. (1) Posting. Caution signs shall be provided and displayed at each location where airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers may be in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph <e> Method of measurement. ASX de (b> of this section. Signs shall be posted ment shall be maintained tree of accu mulations of asbestos fibers if. with their dispersion, there would be an excessive concentration. (2) Waste disposal Asbestos waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equip ment. and asbestos-contaminated cloth ing. consigned for disposal, which may produce in any reasonably foreseeable use. handling, storage, processing, dis posal. or transportation airborne concen trations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be collected and disposed of In sealed impermeable bags, terminations of airborne concentrations at such a distance from such a location or other closed, impermeable containerr. of asbestos fibers shall be made by the so that an employee may read the signs (1) Recordkeeping--(1) Exposure rec membrane filter method at 400-450 X and take necessary protective steps be ords. Every employer shall maintain rec <magnification) (4 millimeter objective) with phase contrast illumination. (f> Monitoring--(1) Initial determi nations. within 6 months of publi cation of this section, every employer fore entering the area marked by the signs. Signs shall be posted at all ap proaches to areas containing excessive concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers. (li) Sign specifications. The warning ords of any personal or environmental monitoring required by this section. Rec ords shall be maintained for a period of at least 3 years and shall be made avail able upon request to the Assistant Secre tary of Labor for Occupational Safety shall cause every place of employment signs required by subdivision (1) of this and Health, the Director of the National .FEDHAL KEStSTEK, VOL 37, NO. 110--WEDNfJDAT, JUNI 7 IV7Z 11322 MASS AND 1EGUIAT10NS for Occupational Safety ud tions. Records dan be retained by tad to authorized representa employes tar at lout 30.years. tives of either. (2) Employee aeem. Every employee and fonaar employee shell have reasonable access to aay record required to be by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph. which indicates the employee's own exposure to asbestos fibers. (3) Employee noti/lcxtion. day em ployee found to have Been exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of asbes tos fibers la excess of the limits pre scribed la parssraph (b) of this section shall be notified in writing of (be expo sure as aooa as practicable but not later than 5 days of the finding. The employee shall also be timely notified of the cor rective action beinf taken. (J) Medical examinations--(1) Gen eral. The employer shall provide or make (tt> Airtn, The contents of the rec ords of the medical examinations required by this paragraph shall be made available, far Inspection and copying; to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and **-- the Director of NIQ5H. to authorized physi cians and medical consultants of either of them, and. upon the request of an em ployee or forme.' employee, to his physi cian. Any physician who conducts a medical examination required by this paragraph shall furnish to the employer of the examined employee all the Infor mation specifically required by this paragraph, and any other medical information related to occupational ex posure to asbestos fibers. available at his cost, medical examina 3. A new f 1910.19 Is added to Subpart tions relative to exposure to asbestos re B of Past 1910. reading as follows: quired by this parasraph. (2) Preplacement. Tim employer shall provide or make available to each of his employees, within 30 calendar days followinx his first employment in an occupation exposed to Urborae con centrations of asbestos fibers, a compre hensive medical examination, which shall include, at a minimum, a chest rocatgnogrsm (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), history to elicit symptom 11910.19 AaWitas dost. Section 1910.93a shall apply to the ex posure of every employee to asbestos dust in every employment and place of employment covered by i 1910.12. 11910.13.11910.14.11910.15. or 11910.19. in lieu of any different standard on ex posure to asbestos dust which would otherwise be applicable by virtue of any of those sections. atology of respiratory disease, and Xffecttoe date. Paragraph (b)(2) at pulmonary function tests to include- i 1910.93a shall become effective July 1, farced vital capacity (FVC) and forced 1978. AH other provisions of IS 1919J3a, expiratory volume at 1 second (PEV>.*). 19X0.93. and 1910.19 shall effec (3) Annual examinations. On'or be tive July 7,1973. Ihe current emergency fore January 31. 1973. and at least an temporary standard remains in effeet nually thereafter, every employer shall until July 7, 1973. provide, or make available, comprehen sive medical examinations to eaeh of his (Sacs. 8. s. M sue. ISB3. ISOS: 39 OXC. IBS. SOT; 39 CFX UU.C Sacxauiy of Latara employees encaged In occupations ex Oraor No. 13-T1. 3a PJL 7M) posed to airborne concentrations of as bestos fibers. Such annual examination shall include, as a minimum, a chest Signed at Washington. D.C. this 2d day of June 1972. roentgenogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptom atology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include Q- C. Qroram, Assistant Secretary of Labor. [VS DOC.73-S874 yuan 8~S~73;*:* oal forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEVi..). <4) Termination of employment. The employer shall provide, or "< avail able, within 30 calendar days before or after the termination of employment of any employee engaged in an occupation exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination which shall Include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (pos terior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (PEV,..). (S) Recent examinations. No medical examination is required, of any em ployee. if adequate records show that the employee has been examined in ac cordance with this paragraph within the past 1-year period. (4) Medical records--(l) Mainte nance. Employers of employees examined pursuant to this paragraph shall cause to be maintained complete and accurate records of all such medical examina , ,fBJflAl UCISTU. VOL 37 NO. tlO--WBMHDAY, JUNf 7 IV73